PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus Dated January 25, 1995)
MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES, SERIES 1996-2
SALOMON BROTHERS MORTGAGE SECURITIES VII, INC.
DEPOSITOR
NORWEST MORTGAGE, INC.
MORTGAGE LOAN SELLER AND SERVICER
The Series 1996-2 Certificates will consist of sixteen classes of certificates
(collectively, the "Certificates"), designated as: (i) the Class A-1
Certificates, the Class A-2 Certificates, the Class A-3 Certificates, the Class
A-4 Certificates, the Class A-5 Certificates, the Class A-6 Certificates and the
Class A-7 Certificates (collectively, the "Class A Certificates"), (ii) the
Class XS Certificates, (iii) the Class PO Certificates (the Class A
Certificates, the Class XS Certificates and the Class PO Certificates,
collectively, the "Senior Certificates"), (iv) the Class B-1 Certificates, the
Class B-2 Certificates, the Class B-3 Certificates, the Class B-4 Certificates,
the Class B-5 Certificates and the Class B-6 Certificates (collectively, the
"Subordinate Certificates") and (iv) the Class R Certificates (the "Residual
Certificates"). Only the Senior Certificates, the Class B-1 Certificates, the
Class B-2 Certificates, the Class B-3 Certificates and the Residual Certificates
(collectively, the "Offered Certificates") are offered hereby.
The Certificates represent in the aggregate the entire beneficial ownership
interest in a Trust Fund (the "Trust Fund") consisting primarily of a segregated
pool (the "Mortgage Pool") of conventional, one- to four-family, fixed-rate,
first lien mortgage loans having original terms to maturity of not greater than
30 years (the "Mortgage Loans") and an aggregate principal balance as of May 1,
1996 (the "Cut-off Date"), after application of scheduled payments due whether
or not received, of approximately $149,700,153, subject to a permitted variance
as described herein under "The Mortgage Pool". As more fully described herein,
the Class A Certificates and the Class PO Certificates in the aggregate evidence
an initial undivided interest of approximately 94.50% in the Trust Fund, and the
Class B-1 Certificates, the Class B-2 Certificates and the Class B-3
Certificates evidence initial undivided interests of approximately 2.00%, 1.50%
and 0.95%, respectively, in the Trust Fund. All of the Mortgage Loans will be
acquired by Salomon Brothers Mortgage Securities VII, Inc. (the "Depositor")
from Norwest Mortgage, Inc. ("Norwest"). (COVER CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE)
THE CERTIFICATES DO NOT REPRESENT AN OBLIGATION OF OR INTEREST IN THE DEPOSITOR,
THE SERVICER, THE TRUSTEE OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES. NEITHER THE
CERTIFICATES NOR THE UNDERLYING MORTGAGE LOANS ARE INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY
GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY OR INSTRUMENTALITY.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION, NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT OR THE PROSPECTUS. ANY
REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK HAS NOT PASSED ON OR ENDORSED THE
MERITS OF THIS OFFERING. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL
OFFENSE.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
===================================================================================================================
INITIAL CERTIFICATE PASS-THROUGH INITIAL CERTIFICATE PASS-THROUGH
CLASS PRINCIPAL BALANCE(1) RATE CLASS PRINCIPAL BALANCE(1) RATE
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
A-1........... $20,000,000 7.50% XS............. (2) Variable
A-2........... $14,191,000 7.50% PO............. $1,724,199 N/A
A-3........... $33,588,000 7.50% B-1............ $2,994,000 7.50%
A-4........... $12,215,000 7.50% B-2............ $2,245,000 7.50%
A-5........... $ 8,679,000 7.50% $ B-3............ $1,422,000 7.50%
A-6........... $36,098,800 7.50% R.............. $ 100 7.50%
A-7........... $14,970,000 7.50%
===================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
(1) Approximate.
(2) $149,700,153 Initial Notional Amount.
- --------------
The Offered Certificates will be purchased by the Underwriter from the Depositor
and will be offered by the Underwriter from time to time to the public in
negotiated transactions or otherwise at varying prices to be determined at the
time of sale. Proceeds to the Depositor from the sale of the Offered
Certificates, before deducting expenses payable by the Depositor, will be 98.24%
of the initial Certificate Principal Balance of the Offered Certificates (other
than the Class XS Certificates), plus accrued interest on the Offered
Certificates (other than the Class PO Certificates) from the Cut-off Date.
The Offered Certificates are offered subject to receipt and acceptance by the
Underwriter, to prior sale and to the Underwriter's right to reject any order in
whole or in part and to withdraw, cancel or modify the offer without notice. It
is expected that delivery of the Book-Entry Certificates will be made through
the facilities of The Depository Trust Company, and the delivery of each other
class of the Offered Certificates will be made at the offices of Salomon
Brothers Inc, Seven World Trade Center, New York, New York 10048, in each case,
on or about May 23, 1996 (the "Closing Date").
SALOMON BROTHERS INC
The date of this Prospectus Supplement is May 21, 1996.
<PAGE>
(COVER CONTINUED)
The Class A Certificates (the "Book-Entry Certificates") initially will be
represented by certificates registered in the name of CEDE & Co., as nominee of
The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"). The interests of beneficial owners of the
Book-Entry Certificates will be represented by book entries on the records of
participating members of DTC. Definitive certificates will be available for the
Book-Entry Certificates only under the limited circumstances described herein.
See "Description of the Certificates-Registration of the Book-Entry
Certificates" herein.
Distributions on the Certificates will be made on the 25th day of each month or,
if such day is not a business day, on the next succeeding business day,
beginning in June 1996 (each, a "Distribution Date"). As described more fully
herein, interest will accrue on the Offered Certificates, other than the Class
PO Certificates, based on the then applicable Pass-Through Rates thereon
(calculated as described herein) and the then outstanding Certificate Principal
Balances or Notional Amount thereof. The Class PO Certificates are not entitled
to distributions of interest. Distributions allocable to principal of the
Offered Certificates, other than the Class XS Certificates, will be made on each
Distribution Date in accordance with the priorities described herein. The Class
XS Certificates are not entitled to distributions allocable to principal.
The rights of the holders of the Senior Certificates to receive distributions in
respect of the Mortgage Loans (and the rights of the holders of the Residual
Certificates to receive distributions in respect of the initial Certificate
Principal Balances thereof on the first Distribution Date only) will be senior
to the rights of the holders of the Subordinate Certificates, and the rights of
holders of classes of Subordinate Certificates with lower numerical designations
will be senior to the rights of holders of Subordinate Certificates with higher
numerical designations, in each case to the extent described herein.
There is currently no secondary market for the Offered Certificates and there
can be no assurance that a secondary market for the Offered Certificates will
develop. Salomon Brothers Inc (the "Underwriter") intends to establish a market
in the Offered Certificates, but is not obligated to do so. There is no
assurance that any such market, if established, will continue. See "Secondary
Market" herein. The Subordinate Certificates may not be purchased by or
transferred to a Plan (as defined herein) except upon the delivery of a
certification of facts or an opinion of counsel, and the Residual Certificates
may not be purchased by or transferred to a Plan, in each case as provided
herein. See "ERISA Considerations" and "Description of the
Certificates-Restrictions on Transfer of the Subordinate Certificates and
Residual Certificates" herein.
THE YIELD TO MATURITY ON EACH CLASS OF OFFERED CERTIFICATES, PARTICULARLY THE
CLASS XS CERTIFICATES AND THE CLASS PO CERTIFICATES, WILL BE SENSITIVE TO THE
RATE AND TIMING OF PRINCIPAL PAYMENTS (INCLUDING PREPAYMENTS AND REPURCHASES)
AND DEFAULTS ON THE MORTGAGE LOANS, WHICH MAY FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY FROM TIME
TO TIME. A SLOWER (FASTER) THAN ANTICIPATED RATE OF PRINCIPAL PREPAYMENTS ON THE
MORTGAGE LOANS WILL HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON THE YIELD TO MATURITY OF THE CLASS
A CERTIFICATES AND THE SUBORDINATE CERTIFICATES IF SUCH CERTIFICATES ARE
PURCHASED AT A DISCOUNT (PREMIUM). IN ADDITION, THE YIELD TO MATURITY ON EACH
CLASS OF SUBORDINATE CERTIFICATES WILL BE EXTREMELY SENSITIVE TO LOSSES DUE TO
DEFAULTS ON THE MORTGAGE LOANS (AND THE TIMING THEREOF) TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH
LOSSES ARE NOT COVERED BY A CLASS OF SUBORDINATE CERTIFICATES WITH A HIGHER
NUMERICAL DESIGNATION. A RAPID RATE OF PRINCIPAL PREPAYMENTS ON THE NON-PO
MORTGAGE LOANS (AS DEFINED HEREIN) WILL HAVE A MATERIAL NEGATIVE EFFECT ON THE
YIELD TO MATURITY OF THE CLASS XS CERTIFICATES. INVESTORS IN THE CLASS XS
CERTIFICATES SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE ASSOCIATED RISKS, INCLUDING THE RISK
THAT A RAPID RATE OF PRINCIPAL PREPAYMENTS ON THE NON-PO MORTGAGE LOANS COULD
RESULT IN THE FAILURE OF INVESTORS IN THE CLASS XS CERTIFICATES TO RECOVER FULLY
THEIR INITIAL INVESTMENTS. IN ADDITION, THE AMOUNT OF INTEREST PAYABLE ON THE
CLASS XS CERTIFICATES, WHICH IS BASED ON THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF THE STRIPPED
INTEREST RATES (AS DEFINED HEREIN) ON THE MORTGAGE LOANS, WILL DECREASE MORE
SIGNIFICANTLY AS A RESULT OF PRINCIPAL PREPAYMENTS ON MORTGAGE LOANS WITH
RELATIVELY HIGH MORTGAGE RATES (AS DEFINED HEREIN). BECAUSE AMOUNTS PAYABLE WITH
RESPECT TO THE CLASS PO CERTIFICATES DERIVE ONLY FROM PRINCIPAL PAYMENTS ON
MORTGAGE LOANS WITH NET MORTGAGE RATES (AS DEFINED HEREIN) BELOW 7.50% PER
ANNUM, THE YIELD ON THE CLASS PO CERTIFICATES WILL BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY
SLOWER THAN EXPECTED PAYMENTS OF PRINCIPAL ON SUCH MORTGAGE LOANS. SEE "SUMMARY
OF THE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT-SPECIAL PREPAYMENT CONSIDERATIONS" AND "-SPECIAL
YIELD CONSIDERATIONS" AND "YIELD ON THE CERTIFICATES" HEREIN.
As described herein, a "real estate mortgage investment conduit" ("REMIC")
election will be made with respect to the Trust Fund for federal income tax
purposes. As described more fully herein and in the Prospectus, the Senior
Certificates and Subordinate Certificates will be the "regular interests" in the
REMIC and the Residual Certificates will be the sole class of "residual
interests" in the REMIC. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences" herein
and in the Prospectus. Transfer of the Residual Certificates to any non-United
States person will be prohibited, and any transfer of the Residual Certificates
will be subject to certain additional restrictions described under "Certain
Federal Income Tax Consequences-Special Tax Considerations Applicable to the
Residual Certificates" herein and "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs-Tax on Transfers of REMIC Residual Certificates to Certain
Organizations" and "-Taxation of Owners of REMIC Residual
Certificates-Noneconomic REMIC Residual Certificates" in the Prospectus.
-----------------------------
THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES OFFERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT WILL CONSTITUTE A
SEPARATE SERIES OF CERTIFICATES BEING OFFERED BY THE DEPOSITOR PURSUANT TO ITS
PROSPECTUS DATED JANUARY 25, 1995, OF WHICH THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT IS A PART
AND WHICH ACCOMPANIES THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT. THE PROSPECTUS CONTAINS
IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING THIS OFFERING WHICH IS NOT CONTAINED HEREIN, AND
PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE URGED TO READ THE PROSPECTUS AND THIS PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT IN FULL.
S-2
<PAGE>
SUMMARY OF PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
detailed information appearing elsewhere herein and in the Prospectus.
Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings assigned
thereto in the Prospectus. An Index of Principal Definitions is included at the
end of the Prospectus.
Title of Series............................. Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates,
Series 1996-2 (the "Certificates").
The Certificates represent in the
aggregate the entire beneficial
ownership interest in a Trust Fund
consisting primarily of a pool of
conventional, one-to four-family
fixed-rate, first lien Mortgage
Loans with an aggregate principal
balance of approximately
$149,700,153 as of May 1, 1996 (the
"Cut-off Date"), after application
of scheduled payments due whether
or not received. The Certificates
will consist of sixteen classes,
designated as: (i) the Class A-1
Certificates, the Class A-2
Certificates, the Class A- 3
Certificates, the Class A-4
Certificates, the Class A-5
Certificates, the Class A-6
Certificates and the Class A-7
Certificates (collectively, the
"Class A Certificates"), (ii) the
Class XS Certificates, (iii) the
Class PO Certificates (the Class A
Certificates, the Class XS
Certificates and the Class PO
Certificates, collectively, the
"Senior Certificates"), (iv) the
Class B-1 Certificates, the Class
B-2 Certificates, the Class B-3
Certificates, the Class B-4
Certificates, the Class B-5
Certificates and the Class B-6
Certificates (collectively, the
"Subordinate Certificates") and
(iv) the Class R Certificates (the
"Residual Certificates"). The
Certificates will be issued
pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing
Agreement, to be dated as of May 1,
1996 (the "Agreement"), among the
Depositor, the Servicer and the
Trustee.
Offered Certificates........................ Only the Senior Certificates, the
Class B-1 Certificates, the Class
B-2 Certificates, the Class B-3
Certificates and the Residual
Certificates (collectively, the
"Offered Certificates") are offered
hereby. The Class XS Certificates
are Stripped Interest Certificates
(which are sometimes referred to in
the Prospectus as "Strip
Certificates").
Each class of the Offered
Certificates will have the
approximate initial Certificate
Principal Balance or Notional
Amount, as applicable, as set forth
on the cover hereof and, except for
the Class PO Certificates, will
have the Pass-Through Rate
determined as provided herein under
"-PassThrough Rate". The
Certificate Principal Balance of a
Certificate outstanding at any time
represents the then maximum amount
that the holder thereof is entitled
to receive as distributions
allocable to principal from the
cash flow on the Mortgage Loans and
the other assets in the Trust Fund.
The Notional Amount of the Class XS
Certificates as of any date of
determination is equal to the
aggregate outstanding principal
balances of all of the Mortgage
Loans as of such date. Reference to
the Notional Amount of the Class XS
Certificates is solely for
convenience in certain calculations
and does not represent the right to
receive any distributions allocable
to principal. The Residual
Certificates also represent the
right to receive distributions in
respect of the Trust Fund on any
Distribution Date after all
required payments of principal and
interest have been made on such
date in respect of the Senior
Certificates and the Subordinate
Certificates, however, it is not
anticipated that there will be any
significant amounts remaining for
any such distribution.
S-3
<PAGE>
As more fully described herein, the
Class A Certificates and the Class
PO Certificates in the aggregate
evidence an initial undivided
interest of approximately 94.50% in
the Trust Fund, and the Class B-1
Certificates, the Class B-2
Certificates and the Class B-3
Certificates evidence initial
undivided interests of
approximately 2.00%, 1.50% and
0.95%, respectively, in the Trust
Fund. The Offered Certificates are
subject to various priorities for
payment of interest and principal
as described herein under "Summary
of Prospectus Supplement-Interest
Distributions", "Summary of
Prospectus Supplement-Principal
Distributions" and "Description of
the Certificates-Principal
Distributions on the Senior
Certificates".
Transfer of the Subordinate
Certificates and Residual
Certificates will be subject to
certain restrictions and transfer
of the Residual Certificates to any
non-United States person will be
prohibited, in each case as
described under "Description of the
Certificates-Restrictions on
Transfer of the Subordinate
Certificates and Residual
Certificates", "ERISA
Considerations" and "Certain
Federal Income Tax
Consequences-Special Tax
Considerations Applicable to the
Residual Certificates" herein and
"Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs-Tax on
Transfers of REMIC Residual
Certificates to Certain
Organizations" and "-Taxation of
Owners of Residual
Certificates-Noneconomic REMIC
Residual Certificates" in the
Prospectus.
Class B-4 Certificates, Class
B-5 Certificates and Class
B-6 Certificates.......................... The Class B-4 Certificates, the
Class B-5 Certificates and the
Class B-6 Certificates have in the
aggregate an initial Certificate
Principal Balance of approximately
$1,573,054, evidencing an initial
undivided interest in the Trust
Fund of approximately 1.05%. Each
such class of Certificates has a
Pass-Through Rate of 7.50% per
annum. The Certificates of each
such class, which are not being
offered hereby, will be sold by the
Depositor to Salomon Brothers Inc
on the Closing Date.
Depositor of Mortgage Loans................. Salomon Brothers Mortgage
Securities VII, Inc., an indirect
wholly-owned subsidiary of Salomon
Inc and an affiliate of Salomon
Brothers Inc. See "The Depositor"
in the Prospectus.
Mortgage Loan Seller and
Servicer.................................. Norwest Mortgage, Inc. See "The
Mortgage Pool-Underwriting
Standards; Representations" and
"Pooling and Servicing
Agreement-The Servicer" herein.
Norwest Mortgage, Inc. is the
"Master Servicer" as such term is
defined in the Prospectus.
Trustee..................................... The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. See
"Pooling and Servicing
Agreement-The Trustee" herein.
The Mortgage Pool........................... The Mortgage Pool will consist of
496 conventional, fixed-rate,
fully-amortizing, level monthly
payment Mortgage Loans secured by
first liens on residential real
properties (the "Mortgaged
Properties"). The Mortgage Loans
will have an aggregate principal
balance, after application of
scheduled payments due whether or
not received, of approximately
$149,700,153 (subject to a
permitted variance of plus or minus
5%) as of the Cut-off Date. The
Mortgage Loans have original terms
to maturity of not greater than 30
years and will have a weighted
average remaining
S-4
<PAGE>
term to maturity of approximately
29 years and 10 months as of the
Cutoff Date. The Mortgage Loans
have Mortgage Rates ranging from
6.875% per annum to 9.250% per
annum, with a weighted average
Mortgage Rate of approximately
7.887% per annum as of the Cut-off
Date. See "The Mortgage Pool"
herein.
Pass-Through Rate........................... The Pass-Through Rate applicable to
the calculation of the Interest
Distribution Amounts (as defined
below) for the Class A
Certificates, the Subordinate
Certificates and the Residual
Certificates for any Distribution
Date is equal to 7.50% per annum.
The Pass-Through Rate applicable to
the calculation of the Interest
Distribution Amount for the Class
XS Certificates for any
Distribution Date is equal to the
weighted average of the Stripped
Interest Rates on the Mortgage
Loans in effect during the calendar
month prior to the month in which
such Distribution Date occurs. The
Stripped Interest Rate for any
Mortgage Loan is equal to the
greater of (i) the Net Mortgage
Rate thereon minus 7.50% per annum
and (ii) 0% per annum. The Net
Mortgage Rate for any Mortgage Loan
is equal to the Mortgage Rate for
such Mortgage Loan minus the sum of
the Servicing Fee Rate and the
Trustee's Fee Rate for such
Mortgage Loan. The Servicing Fee
Rate for each Mortgage Loan is
equal to 0.25% per annum. The
Trustee's Fee Rate for each
Mortgage Loan is equal to 0.0075%
per annum. The initial variable
Pass-Through Rate for the Class XS
Certificates is approximately
0.2159% per annum.
The Class PO Certificates do not
bear interest and therefore have no
Pass-Through Rate.
Registration of the Book-Entry
Certificates.............................. The Class A Certificates (the
"Book-Entry Certificates") will
initially be represented by one or
more global certificates registered
in the name of CEDE & Co., as
nominee of The Depository Trust
Company ("DTC"). No person
acquiring an interest in the
Book-Entry Certificates (a
"Certificate Owner") will be
entitled to receive a Certificate
in fully registered, certificated
form (a "Definitive Certificate"),
except under the limited
circumstances described herein. See
"Description of the
Certificates-Definitive
Certificates" herein. Instead, DTC
will effect payments and transfers
by means of its electronic record
keeping services, acting through
certain participating organizations
("Participants"). This may result
in certain delays in receipt of
distributions by an investor and
may restrict an investor's ability
to pledge its securities. All
references herein to
Certificateholders of the
Book-Entry Certificates will
reflect the rights of Certificate
Owners, as such rights may be
exercised through DTC and its
Participants, except as otherwise
specified herein. See "Description
of the Certificates-Registration of
the Book-Entry Certificates"
herein.
Distributions-General....................... Holders of the Certificates will be
entitled to receive the following
distributions on each Distribution
Date: (i) to the holders of each
class of the Senior Certificates,
other than the Class PO
Certificates, on each Distribution
Date, and to the holders of the
Residual Certificates on the first
Distribution Date only,
distributions in respect of
interest in an aggregate amount
equal to the Senior Interest
Distribution Amount for
S-5
<PAGE>
such Distribution Date, (ii) to the
holders of each class of the Senior
Certificates, other than the Class
XS Certificates, then entitled to
distributions in respect of
principal, and to the holders of
the Residual Certificates on the
first Distribution Date only,
distributions in respect of
principal in an aggregate amount
equal to the Senior Principal
Distribution Amount for such
Distribution Date, (iii) to the
holders of each class of the
Subordinate Certificates on each
Distribution Date, distributions in
respect of interest in an aggregate
amount equal to the Subordinate
Interest Distribution Amount for
such Distribution Date and (iv) to
the holders of the Subordinate
Certificates, distributions in
respect of principal in an
aggregate amount equal to the
Subordinate Principal Distribution
Amount for such Distribution Date,
in each case as defined herein and
as allocated among the classes of
Certificates as provided herein.
Distributions on each Distribution
Date will be made to the extent of
the Available Distribution Amount
for such Distribution Date.
The Available Distribution Amount
for any Distribution Date generally
includes scheduled payments on the
Mortgage Loans due during the
related Due Period and received on
or prior to the related
Determination Date, prepayments and
other unscheduled collections
received on the Mortgage Loans
during the related Prepayment
Period, and any P&I Advances (as
defined herein) made by the
Servicer for such Distribution
Date, net of certain amounts
reimbursable to the Servicer, the
Depositor and the Trustee.
The Due Period with respect to any
Distribution Date commences on the
second day of the month immediately
preceding the month in which such
Distribution Date occurs and ends
on the first day of the month in
which such Distribution Date
occurs. The Prepayment Period with
respect to any Distribution Date is
the calendar month immediately
preceding the month in which such
Distribution Date occurs. The
Determination Date with respect to
any Distribution Date is the 15th
day of the month in which such
Distribution Date occurs or, if
such day is not a business day,
then on the immediately preceding
business day. See "Description of
the Certificates-General" herein.
Interest Distributions.......................Distributions on each Distribution
Date in respect of interest on the
Certificates will be based upon
interest accrued on such
Certificates during the related
Interest Accrual Period. The
Interest Accrual Period with
respect to each Distribution Date
is the calendar month immediately
preceding the month in which such
Distribution Date occurs. All
distributions of interest will be
based on a 360-day year consisting
of twelve 30-day months.
Distributions in respect of
interest on each Distribution Date
will be made (i) to the holders of
the Senior Certificates, other than
the Class PO Certificates, and, on
the first Distribution Date only,
to the holders of the Residual
Certificates, in an aggregate
amount equal to the Senior Interest
Distribution Amount and (ii) to the
holders of each class of the
Subordinate Certificates, in an
aggregate amount equal to the
Subordinate Interest Distribution
Amount, to the extent of the
portion of the Available
Distribution Amount remaining after
the distribution on such date of
the Senior Interest Distribution
Amount and the Senior Principal
Distribution
S-6
<PAGE>
Amount. The Class PO Certificates
do not bear interest. The Senior
Interest Distribution Amount on
each Distribution Date is equal to
the aggregate of the Interest
Distribution Amounts for such
Distribution Date on all of the
Senior Certificates and, for the
first Distribution Date only, on
the Residual Certificates. The
Subordinate Interest Distribution
Amount on each Distribution Date is
equal to the aggregate of the
Interest Distribution Amounts for
such Distribution Date on all of
the Subordinate Certificates.
The Interest Distribution Amount
for the Certificates of any class,
other than the Class PO
Certificates, on any Distribution
Date is equal to interest accrued
during the related Interest Accrual
Period on the Certificate Principal
Balance or Notional Amount, as
applicable, of such Certificates
immediately prior to such
Distribution Date at the then
applicable Pass-Through Rate for
such class, plus, in the case of
each such class, any such amount
remaining unpaid from previous
Distribution Dates, and reduced, in
the case of each such class (to not
less than zero), by the allocable
share for such class of shortfalls
in collections of interest
resulting from mortgagor
prepayments (to the extent not
covered by Compensating Interest
paid by the Servicer) and certain
other interest shortfalls not
covered by subordination. See
"Description of the
Certificates-Interest
Distributions" and "-Allocation of
Losses; Subordination" herein.
Principal Distributions..................... Distributions in respect of
principal on each Distribution Date
will be made to the holders of the
class or classes of the Senior
Certificates, other than the Class
XS Certificates, then entitled to
distributions in respect of
principal, and to the holders of
the Residual Certificates on the
first Distribution Date only, in an
aggregate amount equal to the
Senior Principal Distribution
Amount. With respect to each
Distribution Date, the Senior
Principal Distribution Amount is
equal to the sum of the Non-PO
Senior Principal Distribution
Amount and the PO Senior Principal
Distribution Amount (each as
defined below).
With respect to each Distribution
Date, the Non-PO Senior Principal
Distribution Amount is equal to the
lesser of (i) the portion of the
Available Distribution Amount
remaining after distribution of the
Senior Interest Distribution Amount
and the PO Senior Principal
Distribution Amount and (ii) the
sum of (x) the Senior Percentage
(as defined below) of the Non-PO
Percentage (as defined below) of
scheduled principal payments due on
the Mortgage Loans during the
related Due Period, whether or not
received, and of the principal
portion of any unscheduled
collections (other than amounts
described in clauses (y) or (z)
hereof) received during the related
Prepayment Period, including
repurchases of the Mortgage Loans,
insurance proceeds and liquidation
proceeds, (y) the Senior Prepayment
Percentage (as defined below) of
the Non-PO Percentage (as defined
below) of principal prepayments on
the Mortgage Loans received during
the related Prepayment Period and
(z) with respect to the principal
portion of net liquidation proceeds
received during the related
Prepayment Period in connection
with the final liquidation of a
Mortgage Loan during the related
Prepayment Period, the least of the
Senior Percentage of the Non-PO
Percentage of the scheduled
principal
S-7
<PAGE>
balance of such Mortgage Loan, the
Senior Prepayment Percentage of the
Non-PO Percentage of such net
liquidation proceeds and the
principal portion of amounts
collected in connection with such
final liquidation to the extent not
distributed to the Class PO
Certificates. On each Distribution
Date, the Non-PO Senior Principal
Distribution Amount will be
distributed as principal payments
on the Class A Certificates then
entitled to distributions in
respect of principal, and on the
first Distribution Date only on the
Residual Certificates, in the
priority described herein under
"Description of the
Certificates-Principal
Distributions on the Senior
Certificates".
With respect to each Distribution
Date, the PO Senior Principal
Distribution Amount is equal to the
lesser of (i) the portion of the
Available Distribution Amount
remaining after distribution of the
Senior Interest Distribution Amount
and (ii) the sum of (x) the PO
Percentage (as defined below) of
scheduled principal payments due on
the Mortgage Loans during the
related Due Period, whether or not
received, and of the principal
portion of any unscheduled
collections (other than amounts
described in clauses (y) or (z)
hereof) received during the related
Prepayment Period, including
repurchases of the Mortgage Loans,
insurance proceeds and liquidation
proceeds, (y) the PO Percentage of
principal prepayments on the
Mortgage Loans received during the
related Prepayment Period and (z)
with respect to the final
liquidation of a Mortgage Loan
during the related Prepayment
Period, the PO Percentage of the
scheduled principal balance of such
Mortgage Loan. On each Distribution
Date, the PO Senior Principal
Distribution Amount will be
distributed as principal payments
on the Class PO Certificates as
described herein under "Description
of the Certificates-Principal
Distributions on the Senior
Certificates".
Holders of the Class XS
Certificates are not entitled to
receive any distributions allocable
to principal.
Distributions in respect of
principal on each Distribution Date
will be made to the holders of the
Subordinate Certificates in an
aggregate amount equal to the
Subordinate Principal Distribution
Amount.
With respect to each Distribution
Date, the Subordinate Principal
Distribution Amount is equal to the
lesser of (i) the portion of the
Available Distribution Amount
remaining after distribution of the
Senior Interest Distribution
Amount, the Senior Principal
Distribution Amount and the
Subordinate Interest Distribution
Amount for such Distribution Date
and (ii) the portion of scheduled
payments due on the Mortgage Loans
during the related Due Period and
unscheduled collections received on
the Mortgage Loans during the
related Prepayment Period that is
not required to be distributed on
the Senior Certificates, and, if
applicable, the Residual
Certificates, on such Distribution
Date. On each Distribution Date,
the Subordinate Principal
Distribution Amount will be
distributed among the classes of
Subordinate Certificates in the
priority described herein under
"Description of the
Certificates-Principal
Distributions on the Subordinate
Certificates".
S-8
<PAGE>
With respect to each Mortgage Loan,
the PO Percentage thereof is equal
to a fraction, expressed as a
percentage (but not less than 0%)
the numerator of which is 7.50%
minus the Net Mortgage Rate for
such Mortgage Loan and the
denominator of which is 7.50%. The
Non-PO Percentage for each such
Mortgage Loan will equal 100% minus
the PO Percentage for such Mortgage
Loan. Each Mortgage Loan with a Net
Mortgage Rate less than 7.50% per
annum, and therefore a PO
Percentage greater than 0%, is
sometimes referred to herein as a
PO Mortgage Loan. Each Mortgage
Loan with a Net Mortgage Rate
greater than or equal to 7.50% per
annum, and therefore a PO
Percentage equal to 0% and a Non-PO
Percentage equal to 100%, is
sometimes referred to herein as a
Non-PO Mortgage Loan.
The Senior Percentage initially
will be approximately 94.44%, and
will be recalculated after each
Distribution Date as described
herein to reflect the entitlement
of the holders of the Class A
Certificates and Residual
Certificates to subsequent
distributions allocable to
principal. For each Distribution
Date occurring prior to the
Distribution Date in June 2001, the
Senior Prepayment Percentage will
equal 100%, and until the earlier
of such date and the date on which
the Class A Certificates are paid
in full, no distributions based on
principal prepayments or, in
certain instances, net liquidation
proceeds, on the Mortgage Loans
will be distributed to the
Subordinate Certificates.
Thereafter, as further described
herein, during certain periods,
subject to certain loss and
delinquency criteria described
herein, the Senior Prepayment
Percentage may continue to be 100%
or otherwise disproportionately
large (relative to the Senior
Percentage) and the percentage of
principal prepayments payable to
each class of Subordinate
Certificates may continue to be 0%
or otherwise disproportionately
small. See "Description of the
Certificates-Principal
Distributions on the Senior
Certificates" and "-Principal
Distributions on the Subordinate
Certificates" herein.
Allocation of Losses;
Subordination............................. Subject to the limitations set
forth below, Realized Losses on the
Mortgage Loans will be allocated
first to the Class B-6 Certificates
until the Certificate Principal
Balance of such class has been
reduced to zero, then to the Class
B-5 Certificates, Class B-4
Certificates, Class B-3
Certificates, Class B-2
Certificates and Class B-1
Certificates, in that order, until
the Certificate Principal Balance
of each such class has been reduced
to zero. Thereafter, the related
Non-PO Percentage of such Realized
Losses will be allocated on a PRO
RATA basis to the Class A
Certificates, and the related PO
Percentage of such Realized Losses
will be allocated to the Class PO
Certificates. The subordination
provided (i) to the Senior
Certificates by the Subordinate
Certificates and (ii) to the
Subordinate Certificates by
Subordinate Certificates with a
higher numerical designation is
intended to cover Realized Losses
on the Mortgage Loans, including
Fraud Losses, Bankruptcy Losses and
Special Hazard Losses. The
aggregate amounts of Realized
Losses which may be allocated by
means of subordination to cover
Fraud Losses, Bankruptcy Losses and
Special Hazard Losses is initially
limited to approximately
$2,994,003, $100,000 and
$1,984,376, respectively, each of
which
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<PAGE>
amounts is subject to periodic
reduction as described herein under
"Description of the
Certificates-Allocation of Losses;
Subordination".
The related Non-PO Percentage of
any Fraud Losses, Bankruptcy Losses
and Special Hazard Losses in excess
of the respective amounts of
coverage therefor and of any
Extraordinary Losses (as defined
herein) will be borne by the
holders of all Certificates, other
than the Class XS Certificates and
the Class PO Certificates, on a PRO
RATA basis, and the related PO
Percentage of such Realized Losses
will be borne by the holders of the
Class PO Certificates.
Sale of Defaulted
Mortgage Loans............................ If consent to the operation of the
provisions described below shall
have been given by the Servicer,
then with respect to any Mortgage
Loan that is delinquent in excess
of the number of days provided in
the Agreement, (i) the holder of a
majority in Percentage Interest of
the Class B-6 Certificates (the
"Directing Holder") may direct the
Servicer to commence foreclosure
and (ii) prior to commencement of
foreclosure of any Mortgage Loan,
the Servicer will notify the
Directing Holder of such proposed
foreclosure in order to permit the
Directing Holder the right to
instruct the Servicer to delay the
proposed foreclosure. In the case
of the exercise by the Directing
Holder of the right to direct the
Servicer pursuant to either clause
(i) or clause (ii) above, the
Directing Holder will deposit into
the Collateral Account (as defined
herein) an amount equal to 125% of
the Valuation (as defined herein)
of any such Mortgage Loan, plus
three months' interest at the
related Mortgage Rate. In general,
upon final liquidation, the amount
realized on any such Mortgage Loan
will be deposited into the
Certificate Account, with the
excess of the Valuation of such
Mortgage Loan over such amount
realized being withdrawn from the
Collateral Account. After final
liquidation with respect to any
such Mortgage Loan, any amount
remaining in the Collateral Account
with respect to such Mortgage Loan
will be remitted to the Directing
Holder. See "Pooling and Servicing
Agreement--Sale of Defaulted
Mortgage Loans" herein.
P&I Advances................................ The Servicer is required to make
advances in respect of delinquent
payments of principal and interest,
subject to the limitations
described herein. See "Description
of the Certificates-P&I Advances"
herein and "Description of the
Certificates-Advances in respect of
Delinquencies" in the Prospectus.
Denominations............................... The Book-Entry Certificates will be
issued, maintained and transferred
on the book-entry records of DTC
and its Participants in minimum
denominations of $1.00 and integral
multiples thereof. The Class XS
Certificates, the Class PO
Certificates and the Subordinate
Certificates will be issued in
registered, certificated form, in
minimum percentage interests
corresponding to initial
Certificate Principal Balances or
notional amounts, as applicable, of
$10,000 and integral multiples of
$1,000 in excess thereof, except
that one Certificate of each such
class may be issued evidencing an
amount equal to either (i) the sum
of an otherwise authorized
denomination thereof plus the
remainder of the aggregate initial
Certificate Principal Balance or
Notional Amount, as applicable, for
such class or (ii) such remainder.
The Residual Certificates will be
offered in
S-10
<PAGE>
registered, certificated form, in
minimum denominations of $20 and
integral multiples thereof.
Record Date................................. The record date for each
Distribution Date will be the close
of business on the last business
day of the month preceding the
month in which such Distribution
Date occurs. See "Description of
the Certificates-General" herein.
Optional Termination........................ At its option the Servicer may
purchase all of the Mortgage Loans
in the Trust Fund, together with
any properties in respect thereof
acquired by the Trustee on any
Distribution Date on which the
aggregate principal balance of such
Mortgage Loans and such properties
remaining in the Trust Fund is less
than 5% of the aggregate principal
balance of the Mortgage Loans as of
the Cut-off Date. See "Pooling and
Servicing Agreement-Termination"
herein and "Description of the
Certificates-Termination" in the
Prospectus.
Special Prepayment
Considerations............................ The rate of distributions allocable
to principal on the Offered
Certificates, other than the Class
XS Certificates, will depend, in
general, on the rate and timing of
principal payments (including
prepayments and collections upon
defaults, liquidations and
repurchases) on the Mortgage Loans.
As is the case with mortgage
pass-through certificates
generally, the Offered Certificates
are subject to substantial inherent
cash-flow uncertainties because the
Mortgage Loans may be prepaid at
any time. Generally, when
prevailing interest rates are
increasing, prepayment rates on
mortgage loans tend to decrease; a
decrease in the prepayment rates on
the Mortgage Loans will result in a
reduced rate of return of principal
to investors in the Offered
Certificates, other than the Class
XS Certificates, at a time when
reinvestment at such higher
prevailing rates would be
desirable. Conversely, when
prevailing interest rates are
declining, prepayment rates on
mortgage loans tend to increase; an
increase in the prepayment rates on
the Mortgage Loans will result in a
greater rate of return of principal
to investors in the Offered
Certificates, other than the Class
XS Certificates, at a time when
reinvestment at comparable yields
may not be possible. Mortgagors may
prepay the Mortgage Loans at any
time without penalty.
Unless the Certificate Principal
Balances of the Subordinate
Certificates have been reduced to
zero, distributions of principal
will be made to the classes of
Class A Certificates according to
the priorities described herein.
The timing of commencement of
principal distributions and the
weighted average life of each such
class of Certificates will be
affected by the rates of prepayment
on the Mortgage Loans experienced
both before and after the
commencement of principal
distributions on each such class.
As described herein, during certain
periods all or a disproportionately
large percentage of principal
prepayments on the Mortgage Loans
will be allocated among the Senior
Certificates, other than the Class
XS Certificates, and none or a
disproportionately small percentage
of such prepayments will be
distributed among the Subordinate
Certificates. To the extent that no
prepayments or a disproportionately
small percentage of such
prepayments are distributed on the
Subordinate Certificates, the
S-11
<PAGE>
subordination afforded the Senior
Certificates by the Subordinate
Certificates, in the absence of
offsetting Realized Losses
allocated thereto, will be
increased. The allocation among the
classes of Subordinate Certificates
of the portion of principal
prepayments and, in certain
instances, net liquidation
proceeds, on the Mortgage Loans
that is not distributable to
holders of the Senior Certificates
will be governed by certain loss
and delinquency criteria described
herein.
See "Description of the
Certificates-Principal
Distributions on the Senior
Certificates", "-Principal
Distributions on the Subordinate
Certificates" and "Yield on the
Certificates" herein, and "Maturity
and Prepayment Considerations" in
the Prospectus. For further
information regarding the effect of
principal prepayments on the
weighted average lives of the Class
A Certificates and the Subordinate
Certificates, see "Yield on the
Certificates" herein and the table
entitled "Percent of Initial
Certificate Principal Balance
Outstanding at the Following
Percentages of SPA" therein.
Special Yield
Considerations.............................The yield to maturity on each class
of the Offered Certificates,
particularly the Class XS
Certificates and the Class PO
Certificates, will depend, in
general, on the rate and timing of
principal payments (including
prepayments and collections upon
defaults, liquidations and
repurchases) on the Mortgage Loans
and the allocation thereof to
reduce the Certificate Principal
Balance or Notional Amount, as
applicable, of such Certificates,
as well as other factors, such as
interest at the PassThrough Rate,
if applicable (and as the same will
change from time to time in the
case of the Class XS Certificates),
and the purchase price for such
Certificates.
The yield to investors on any class
of Offered Certificates, other than
the Class PO Certificates, will be
adversely affected by any
allocation thereto of interest
shortfalls on the Mortgage Loans.
In general, if a class of Offered
Certificates, other than the Class
XS Certificates, is purchased at a
premium and principal distributions
thereon occur at a rate faster than
anticipated at the time of
purchase, the investor's actual
yield to maturity will be lower
than that assumed at the time of
purchase. Conversely, in general,
if a class of Offered Certificates,
other than the Class XS
Certificates, is purchased at a
discount and principal
distributions thereon occur at a
rate slower than that assumed at
the time of purchase, the
investor's actual yield to maturity
will be lower than that originally
anticipated.
The proceeds to the Depositor from
the sale of the Offered
Certificates were determined based
on a number of assumptions,
including a prepayment assumption
of 200% SPA (as defined herein) and
weighted average lives
corresponding thereto. No
representation is made that the
Mortgage Loans will prepay at that
rate or at any other rate. The
yield assumptions for the Offered
Certificates will vary as
determined at the time of sale.
The multiple class structure of the
Offered Certificates causes the
yield of certain classes to be
particularly sensitive to changes
in the rates of prepayment of the
Mortgage Loans and other factors,
as follows:
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<PAGE>
CLASS A CERTIFICATES: Because
distributions of principal will be
made to the classes of Class A
Certificates according to the
priorities described herein, the
yield to maturity on the
Certificates of any such class will
be sensitive to the rates of
prepayment on the Mortgage Loans
experienced both before and after
the commencement of principal
distributions on such class.
CLASS XS CERTIFICATES: The yield to
maturity on the Class XS
Certificates will be extremely
sensitive to the rate of principal
payments (including prepayments and
collections upon defaults,
liquidations and repurchases) on
the Non-PO Mortgage Loans and may
fluctuate significantly from time
to time. Prospective investors
should consider fully the risks
associated with an investment in
the Class XS Certificates,
including the risk that a rapid
rate of principal payments on the
Non-PO Mortgage Loans will have a
materially negative effect on the
yield to investors in the Class XS
Certificates and may result in the
failure of investors in the Class
XS Certificates to recover fully
their initial investment. In
addition, the amount of interest
payable on the Class XS
Certificates, which is based on the
weighted average of the Stripped
Interest Rates on the Mortgage
Loans, will decrease more
significantly as a result of
principal prepayments on Mortgage
Loans with relatively high Mortgage
Rates.
CLASS PO CERTIFICATES: The yield on
the Class PO Certificates, which
will be offered at a substantial
discount to their original
Certificate Principal Balance, will
be extremely sensitive to the rate
of principal payments (including
prepayments and collections upon
defaults, liquidations and
repurchases) on the PO Mortgage
Loans and may fluctuate
significantly from time to time.
The amounts payable with respect to
the Class PO Certificates derive
only from principal payments on the
PO Mortgage Loans. Prospective
investors should consider fully the
risks associated with an investment
in the Class PO Certificates,
including the risk that the yield
on the Class PO Certificates will
be materially and adversely
affected by slower than expected
payments of principal (including
prepayments and collections upon
defaults, liquidations and
repurchases) on the PO Mortgage
Loans. See "Yield on the
Certificates" especially "--Yield
Sensitivity of the Class PO
Certificates" herein.
SUBORDINATE CERTIFICATES: The yield
to maturity on Subordinate
Certificates will be extremely
sensitive to losses due to defaults
on the Mortgage Loans (and the
timing thereof), to the extent such
losses are not covered by
Subordinate Certificates with
higher numerical designations.
Furthermore, as described herein,
the timing of receipt of principal
and interest by any class of
Subordinate Certificates may be
adversely affected by losses even
if such class does not ultimately
bear such loss.
RESIDUAL CERTIFICATES: Holders of
the Residual Certificates are
entitled to receive distributions
of principal and interest as
described herein, but are not
expected to receive any
distributions after the first
Distribution Date; however, holders
of such Certificates will have tax
liabilities with respect to their
Certificates during the early years
of the term of the
S-13
<PAGE>
REMIC that substantially exceed the
principal and interest payable
thereon during or prior to such
periods. See "Yield on the
Certificates-Additional Yield
Considerations Applicable Solely to
the Residual Certificates" herein
and "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences" herein and in the
Prospectus.
Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences.............................. A real estate mortgage investment
conduit ("REMIC") election will be
made with respect to the Trust Fund
for federal income tax purposes.
Upon the issuance of the Offered
Certificates, Thacher Proffitt &
Wood, counsel to the Depositor,
will deliver its opinion generally
to the effect that, assuming
compliance with all provisions of
the Agreement, for federal income
tax purposes, the Trust Fund will
qualify as a REMIC under Sections
860A through 860G of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code").
For federal income tax purposes,
(i) the Residual Certificates will
be the sole class of "residual
interests" in the REMIC and the
Senior Certificates and (ii) the
Subordinate Certificates will be
the "regular interests" in, and
will be treated as debt instruments
of, the REMIC.
The Offered Certificates will be
treated as "qualifying real
property loans" under Section
593(d) of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986 (the "Code"), assets
described in Section 7701(a)(19)(C)
of the Code and "real estate
assets" under Section 856(c)(5)(A)
of the Code, generally in the same
proportion that the assets in the
Trust Fund would be so treated. In
addition, interest on the Offered
Certificates will be treated as
"interest on obligations secured by
mortgages on real property" under
Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code
generally to the extent that such
Offered Certificates are treated as
"real estate assets" under Section
856(c)(5)(A) of the Code. The
Offered Certificates, other than
the Residual Certificates, also
will be treated as "qualified
mortgages" under Section 860G(a)(3)
of the Code. See "Certain Federal
Income Tax
Consequences-Characterization of
Investments in REMIC Certificates"
herein and in the Prospectus.
For federal income tax reporting
purposes, the Class XS
Certificates, the Class PO
Certificates, the Class A-5
Certificates, the Class A-6
Certificates, the Class A-7
Certificates, the Class B-1
Certificates, the Class B-2
Certificates and the Class B-3
Certificates will, the Class A-4
Certificates may, and the Class A-1
Certificates, the Class A-2
Certificates and the Class A-3
Certificates will not, be treated
as having been issued with original
issue discount. Certain classes of
the Offered Certificates may be
treated as having been issued at a
premium. The prepayment assumption
that will be used in determining
the rate of accrual of original
issue discount premium and market
discount, if any, for federal
income tax purposes is 200% SPA. No
representation is made that the
Mortgage Loans will prepay at that
rate or at any other rate. See
"Yield on the Certificates" herein.
Under the REMIC Regulations (as
defined herein), the Residual
Certificates will not be regarded
as having "significant value" for
purposes of applying the rules
relating to "excess inclusions". In
addition, the Residual Certificates
will constitute "noneconomic"
residual interests for purposes
S-14
<PAGE>
of the REMIC Regulations. Transfers
of the Residual Certificates will
be restricted under the Agreement
to United States persons (as
defined in the Prospectus) in a
manner designed to prevent a
transfer of a noneconomic residual
interest from being disregarded
under the REMIC Regulations. See
"Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs-Special Tax
Considerations Applicable to the
Residual Certificates" herein and
"-Taxation of Owners of REMIC
Residual Certificates-Excess
Inclusions" and "-Noneconomic REMIC
Residual Certificates" in the
Prospectus. Transfer of the
Residual Certificates will also be
subject to additional restrictions
described under "Description of the
Certificates-Restrictions on
Transfer of the Residual
Certificates" and "ERISA
Considerations" herein.
The holders of the Residual
Certificates will be required to
report an amount of taxable income
with respect to the early years of
the REMIC's term that significantly
exceeds distributions on the
Residual Certificates during such
period, with corresponding tax
deductions or losses deferred until
the later years of the REMIC's
term. Accordingly, on a present
value basis, the tax detriments
occurring in the earlier years will
substantially exceed the sum of any
tax benefits in the later years. As
a result, such holders' after-tax
rate of return may be zero or
negative, even if their pre-tax
rate of return is positive. See
"Yield on the
Certificates-Additional Yield
Considerations Applicable Solely to
the Residual Certificates" and
"Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-Special Tax
Considerations Applicable to the
Residual Certificates" herein.
For further information regarding
the federal income tax consequences
of investing in the Offered
Certificates, see "Certain Federal
Income Tax Consequences" herein and
in the Prospectus.
Ratings..................................... It is a condition to the issuance
of the Certificates that the Class
A Certificates and Residual
Certificates be rated "AAA" by
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services
("S&P") and "AAA" by Fitch
Investors Service, Inc. ("Fitch"),
that the Class XS Certificates and
Class PO Certificates be rated
"AAAr" by S&P and "AAA" by Fitch,
that the Class B-1 Certificates be
rated at least "AA" by Fitch, that
the Class B-2 Certificates be rated
at least "A" by Fitch and that the
Class B-3 Certificates be rated at
least "BBB" by Fitch. The Depositor
has not requested that any rating
agency rate any class of the
Offered Certificates other than as
stated above. If another rating
agency were to rate any class of
the Offered Certificates, such
rating agency may assign a rating
different from the ratings
described above. A security rating
is not a recommendation to buy,
sell or hold securities and may be
subject to revision or withdrawal
at any time by the assigning rating
organization. A security rating
does not address the frequency of
prepayments on the Mortgage Loans,
the corresponding effect on yield
to investors or whether investors
in the Class XS Certificates may
fail to recover fully their initial
investment. The "r" symbol in
certain S&P ratings is attached to
highlight certificates that S&P
believes may experience high
volatility or high variability in
expected returns due to non-credit
risks. The absence of an "r" symbol
should not be taken as
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<PAGE>
an indication that a certificate
will exhibit no volatility or
variability in total return. See
"Yield on the Certificates" and
"Ratings" herein and "Yield
Considerations" in the Prospectus.
Legal Investment............................ The Offered Certificates, other
than the Class B-2 Certificates and
Class B-3 Certificates, will
constitute "mortgage related
securities" for purposes of the
Secondary Mortgage Market
Enhancement Act of 1984 ("SMMEA")
for so long as they are rated not
lower than the second highest
rating category by a Rating Agency
(as defined in the Prospectus) and,
as such, will be legal investments
for certain entities to the extent
provided in SMMEA. SMMEA, however,
provides for state limitation on
the authority of such entities to
invest in "mortgage related
securities", provided that such
restricting legislation was enacted
prior to October 3, 1991. The Class
B-2 Certificates and the Class B-3
Certificates will not constitute
"mortgage related securities" for
purposes of SMMEA. Institutions
whose investment activities are
subject to legal investment laws
and regulations or to review by
regulatory authorities may be
subject to restrictions on
investment in the Offered
Certificates, particularly the
Class XS Certificates, the Class PO
Certificates and the Residual
Certificates. Any such institution
should consult with their own legal
advisors in determining whether and
to what extent the Offered
Certificates constitute legal
investments or are subject to
restrictions on investment. See
"Legal Investment" herein and in
the Prospectus.
ERISA Considerations........................ The U.S. Department of Labor has
issued an individual exemption,
Prohibited Transaction Exemption
89-89, to the Underwriter that
generally exempts from the
application of certain of the
prohibited transaction provisions
of Section 406 of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, as amended ("ERISA"), and the
excise taxes imposed on such
prohibited transactions by Section
4975(a) and (b) of the Code and
Section 502(i) of ERISA,
transactions relating to the
purchase, sale and holding of
pass-through certificates
underwritten by the Underwriter
such as the Senior Certificates,
and the servicing and operation of
asset pools such as the Mortgage
Pool, provided that certain
conditions are satisfied.
Prohibited Transaction Exemption
89-89 will not apply to the
Subordinate Certificates or
Residual Certificates. A fiduciary
of any employee benefit plan
subject to ERISA or the Code should
carefully review with its legal
advisors whether the purchase or
holding of Residual Certificates
could give rise to a transaction
that is prohibited or not otherwise
permissible under ERISA and the
Code. See "ERISA Considerations"
herein and in the Prospectus.
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<PAGE>
THE MORTGAGE POOL
GENERAL
The Mortgage Pool will consist of 496 Mortgage Loans with an aggregate
principal balance outstanding as of the Cut-off Date, after application of
scheduled payments due whether or not received, of approximately $149,700,153
(subject to a permitted variance of plus or minus 5%). The Mortgage Loans are
secured by first mortgages or deeds of trust or other similar security
instruments creating first liens on one- to four-family residential properties
consisting of detached or semi-detached oneto four-family dwelling units,
individual condominium units and attached or detached units in planned unit
developments. The Mortgage Loans to be included in the Mortgage Pool will be
acquired by the Depositor from the Mortgage Loan Seller. See "-Underwriting
Standards; Representations" below. Norwest will act as the servicer of the
Mortgage Loans pursuant to the Agreement (in such capacity, the "Servicer").
Each Mortgage Loan with a Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination in excess of
80% is insured by a Primary Mortgage Insurance Policy unless such policy is
cancelled with the consent of the Servicer. The Servicer will consent to
cancellation of a Primary Mortgage Insurance Policy with respect to a Mortgage
Loan if (i) state law requires cancellation, (ii) the original Loan-to-Value
Ratio is reduced (by mortgagor payments, including prepayments) to 80% or (iii)
the Loan-to-Value Ratio, based on a current appraisal obtained by the mortgagor,
is 80% or less. Each such insurance policy provides coverage in an amount
determined generally in accordance with the requirements of FNMA in effect at
the time of the origination of the related Mortgage Loan. Any Mortgage Loan
having a Loan-to-Value Ratio of less than or equal to 80% at origination is not
so insured. No Mortgage Loan will have a Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination
exceeding 95%. There can be no assurance that the Loan-to-Value Ratio of any
Mortgage Loan determined at any time after origination is less than or equal to
its original Loan-to-Value Ratio.
All of the Mortgage Loans have scheduled monthly payments due on the first
day of the month (with respect to each Mortgage Loan, a "Due Date"). All of the
Mortgage Loans are subject to due-on-sale provisions typically included in
mortgage documents acceptable to FHLMC and FNMA.
The Mortgage Loans will have Mortgage Rates ranging from 6.875% per annum
to 9.250% per annum. The weighted average remaining term to maturity of the
Mortgage Loans will be approximately 29 years and 10 months as of the Cut-off
Date. None of the Mortgage Loans will have a first Due Date prior to April 1994
or will have a remaining term to maturity of less than 19 years and 11 months or
greater than 30 years. Approximately 2.12% of the Mortgage Loans, measured by
aggregate principal outstanding as of the Cut-off Date, are Buydown Mortgage
Loans.
S-17
<PAGE>
The Mortgage Loans are expected to have the following additional
characteristics as of the Cut-off Date (the sum in any column may not equal the
total indicated due to rounding):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRINCIPAL BALANCES OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AT ORIGINATION
% OF
NUMBER OF AGGREGATE ORIGINAL AGGREGATE ORIGINAL
RANGE ($) LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- --------- ----- ----------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
0.01 -- 50,000.00..................... 1 $ 40,000.00 0.03%
50,000.01 -- 100,000.00..................... 3 191,000.00 0.13
100,000.01 -- 150,000.00..................... 4 489,000.00 0.33
150,000.01 -- 200,000.00..................... 3 528,600.00 0.35
200,000.01 -- 250,000.00..................... 153 35,598,350.00 23.72
250,000.01 -- 300,000.00..................... 155 42,557,160.00 28.37
300,000.01 -- 350,000.00..................... 92 29,917,828.38 19.93
350,000.01 -- 400,000.00..................... 32 12,079,190.00 8.05
400,000.01 -- 450,000.00..................... 18 7,723,600.00 5.15
450,000.01 -- 500,000.00..................... 10 4,896,000.00 3.26
500,000.01 -- 550,000.00..................... 7 3,637,500.00 2.42
550,000.01 -- 600,000.00..................... 1 551,200.00 0.37
600,000.01 -- 650,000.00..................... 11 6,996,800.00 4.66
650,000.01 -- 700,000.00..................... 2 1,375,000.00 0.92
700,000.01 -- 750,000.00..................... 1 747,500.00 0.50
750,000.01 -- 800,000.00..................... 1 770,000.00 0.51
950,000.01 -- 1,000,000.00..................... 2 1,973,560.00 1.31
--- --------------- ------
TOTAL........................................ 496 $150,092,288.38 100.00%
=== =============== ======
</TABLE>
The average principal balance of the Mortgage Loans at origination was
approximately $302,605. No Mortgage Loan had a principal balance at origination
of greater than $993,560 or less than $40,000.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRINCIPAL BALANCES OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AS OF THE CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF AGGREGATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING AS OF OUTSTANDING AS OF
RANGE ($) LOANS THE CUT-OFF DATE THE CUT-OFF DATE
- --------- ----- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
0.01 -- 50,000.00...................... 1 $39,975.76 0.03%
50,000.01 -- 100,000.00...................... 3 190,924.01 0.13
100,000.01 -- 150,000.00...................... 4 488,581.80 0.33
150,000.01 -- 200,000.00...................... 3 526,354.69 0.35
200,000.01 -- 250,000.00...................... 154 35,747,351.07 23.88
250,000.01 -- 300,000.00...................... 155 42,522,597.52 28.41
300,000.01 -- 350,000.00...................... 92 29,886,844.97 19.96
350,000.01 -- 400,000.00...................... 31 11,667,654.91 7.79
400,000.01 -- 450,000.00...................... 18 7,713,956.26 5.15
450,000.01 -- 500,000.00...................... 10 4,888,296.87 3.27
500,000.01 -- 550,000.00...................... 7 3,634,217.23 2.43
550,000.01 -- 600,000.00...................... 1 550,780.58 0.37
600,000.01 -- 650,000.00...................... 11 6,989,748.99 4.67
650,000.01 -- 700,000.00...................... 2 1,373,350.59 0.92
700,000.01 -- 750,000.00...................... 1 747,023.34 0.50
750,000.01 -- 800,000.00...................... 1 760,981.00 0.51
950,000.01 -- 1,000,000.00...................... 2 1,971,513.55 1.32
--- --------------- ------
TOTAL... ..................................... 496 $149,700,153.14 100.00%
=== =============== ======
</TABLE>
S-18
<PAGE>
The average principal balance of the Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off
Date was approximately $301,815. No Mortgage Loan had a principal balance as of
the Cut-off Date of greater than $992,188 or less than $39,975.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PROPERTY TYPE
AGGREGATE % OF AGGREGATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING AS OF OUTSTANDING AS OF
PROPERTY TYPE LOANS THE CUT-OFF DATE THE CUT-OFF DATE
- ------------- ----- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Single Family Detached..................................... 361 $110,116,108.24 73.56%
Two- to Four-Family........................................ 2 563,774.85 0.38
Condominium ............................................... 7 1,970,902.34 1.32
Planned Unit Development Attached.......................... 71 20,254,697.23 13.53
Planned Unit Development Detached.......................... 55 16,794,670.48 11.22
---- --------------- ------
TOTAL............................................. 496 $149,700,153.14 100.00%
=== =============== ======
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OCCUPANCY STATUS
AGGREGATE % OF AGGREGATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING AS OF OUTSTANDING AS OF
OCCUPANCY STATUS LOANS THE CUT-OFF DATE THE CUT-OFF DATE
- ---------------- ----- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Owner Occupied............................................. 488 $146,956,510.84 98.17%
Second Home................................................ 8 2,743,642.30 1.83
----- --------------- ------
TOTAL............................................. 496 $149,700,153.14 100.00%
==== =============== ======
</TABLE>
The occupancy status of a Mortgaged Property is as represented by a
mortgagor in its loan application.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MORTGAGE RATES
AGGREGATE % OF AGGREGATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
MORTGAGE NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING AS OF OUTSTANDING AS OF
RATE (%) LOANS THE CUT-OFF DATE THE CUT-OFF DATE
- -------- ----- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
6.500 -- 6.999..................................... 1 $ 377,440.81 0.25%
7.000 -- 7.499..................................... 48 15,211,153.50 10.16
7.500 -- 7.999..................................... 263 80,172,020.95 53.56
8.000 -- 8.499..................................... 129 38,161,208.68 25.49
8.500 -- 8.999..................................... 53 14,860,272.83 9.93
9.000 -- 9.499..................................... 2 918,056.37 0.61
---- ---------------- -------
TOTAL.......................................... 496 $149,700,153.14 100.00%
==== =============== ======
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-off Date, the weighted average Mortgage Rate was 7.887%
per annum.
S-19
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ORIGINAL LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIOS
AGGREGATE % OF AGGREGATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
LOAN-TO-VALUE NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING AS OF OUTSTANDING AS OF
RATIO (%) LOANS THE CUT-OFF DATE THE CUT-OFF DATE
- --------- ----- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Less than or equal to 25.00........................ 1 $ 349,759.13 0.23%
25.01 -- 30.00................................ 3 655,085.77 0.44
30.01 -- 35.00................................ 4 1,154,601.27 0.77
35.01 -- 40.00................................ 2 999,290.82 0.67
40.01 -- 45.00................................ 5 1,481,069.44 0.99
45.01 -- 50.00................................ 15 4,748,610.38 3.17
50.01 -- 55.00................................ 14 4,991,059.65 3.33
55.01 -- 60.00................................ 14 4,724,336.70 3.16
60.01 -- 65.00................................ 20 7,417,130.47 4.95
65.01 -- 70.00................................ 48 17,001,715.41 11.36
70.01 -- 75.00................................ 58 16,820,040.09 11.24
75.01 -- 80.00................................ 162 50,575,436.68 33.78
80.01 -- 85.00................................ 16 4,380,812.82 2.93
85.01 -- 90.00................................ 100 25,933,443.31 17.32
90.01 -- 95.00................................ 34 8,467,761.20 5.66
----- --------------- ------
TOTAL..................................... 496 $149,700,153.14 100.00%
===== =============== ======
</TABLE>
The weighted average Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination of the Mortgage
Loans was approximately 75.50%. No Loanto-Value Ratio at origination was greater
than 95.00% or less than 25.00%.
S-20
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
AGGREGATE % OF AGGREGATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING AS OF OUTSTANDING AS OF
LOCATION LOANS THE CUT-OFF DATE THE CUT-OFF DATE
- -------- ----- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Arizona..................................................... 14 $ 4,589,562.09 3.07%
Arkansas.................................................... 4 1,134,435.81 0.76
California.................................................. 171 53,195,477.16 35.53
Colorado.................................................... 24 7,022,382.44 4.69
Connecticut................................................. 6 2,026,185.07 1.35
Delaware.................................................... 1 231,359.75 0.15
Florida..................................................... 11 3,521,706.83 2.35
Georgia..................................................... 12 4,385,902.13 2.93
Hawaii...................................................... 5 1,434,960.82 0.96
Idaho....................................................... 2 471,679.68 0.32
Illinois.................................................... 16 4,746,732.26 3.17
Indiana..................................................... 4 973,783.69 0.65
Iowa........................................................ 2 485,119.91 0.32
Kansas...................................................... 1 299,530.53 0.20
Kentucky.................................................... 1 219,836.73 0.15
Louisiana................................................... 2 571,623.52 0.38
Maryland.................................................... 8 2,068,506.57 1.38
Massachusetts............................................... 17 5,823,408.24 3.89
Michigan.................................................... 4 1,280,469.66 0.86
Minnesota................................................... 31 9,546,589.94 6.38
Missouri.................................................... 3 961,887.57 0.64
Montana..................................................... 2 418,704.24 0.28
Nebraska.................................................... 1 238,644.15 0.16
Nevada...................................................... 8 2,296,016.36 1.53
New Hampshire............................................... 1 265,632.67 0.18
New Jersey.................................................. 25 7,355,227.30 4.91
New Mexico.................................................. 7 1,989,646.20 1.33
New York.................................................... 13 3,579,167.91 2.39
North Carolina.............................................. 2 526,822.71 0.35
Ohio........................................................ 5 1,778,757.01 1.19
Oklahoma.................................................... 3 730,604.63 0.49
Oregon...................................................... 17 3,646,460.32 2.44
Pennsylvania................................................ 7 2,317,899.01 1.55
Rhode Island................................................ 3 848,547.31 0.57
South Dakota................................................ 1 247,837.77 0.17
Tennessee................................................... 4 1,012,945.84 0.68
Texas....................................................... 25 7,073,202.46 4.72
Utah........................................................ 7 1,915,768.15 1.28
Virginia.................................................... 12 3,665,868.87 2.45
Washington.................................................. 13 4,271,834.86 2.85
Wyoming..................................................... 1 529,424.97 0.35
----- ------------------ -------
TOTAL.............................................. 496 $149,700,153.14 100.00%
==== =============== ======
</TABLE>
The aggregate principal balance of Mortgage Loans in the California zip
code with the largest amount of Mortgage Loans, by aggregate principal balance
as of the Cut-off Date, was approximately $1,478,318.
S-21
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PURPOSE OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS
AGGREGATE % OF AGGREGATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING AS OF OUTSTANDING AS OF
LOAN PURPOSE LOANS THE CUT-OFF DATE THE CUT-OFF DATE
- ------------ ----- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Purchase................................................... 284 $ 81,189,834.58 54.23%
Refinance.................................................. 171 55,725,467.04 37.22
Equity-out Refinance....................................... 41 12,784,851.52 8.54
---- ---------------- -------
TOTAL............................................. 496 $149,700,153.14 100.00%
=== =============== ======
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
LOAN PROGRAMS
AGGREGATE % OF AGGREGATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING AS OF OUTSTANDING AS OF
LOAN PROGRAM LOANS THE CUT-OFF DATE THE CUT-OFF DATE
- ------------ ----- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Full Documentation Program................................ 251 $ 75,061,503.47 50.14%
Alternate Documentation Program........................... 215 67,992,364.32 45.42
Reduced Documentation Program............................. 30 6,646,285.35 4.44
----- ----------------- -------
TOTAL............................................ 496 $149,700,153.14 100.00%
==== =============== ======
</TABLE>
UNDERWRITING STANDARDS; REPRESENTATIONS
The Mortgage Loans will be acquired by the Depositor from Norwest.
Norwest's underwriting standards generally allow Loan-to-Value ratios at
origination of up to 95% for mortgage loans with original principal balances of
up to $300,000, up to 80% for mortgage loans with original principal balances up
to $650,000, and up to 65% for mortgage loans with original principal balances
of up to $2,000,000. With respect to equity take-out refinance loans, Norwest's
underwriting standards generally allow original principal balances at
origination of up to $1,000,000 and Loan-to-Value Ratios at origination of up to
70%. A refinance mortgage loan is classified as an equity take-out refinance if
the borrower retains at least 1.0% of the entire amount of the proceeds from the
refinancing of the existing mortgage loans.
In determining whether a prospective borrower has sufficient monthly income
available (i) to meet the borrower's monthly obligation on the proposed mortgage
loan and (ii) to meet monthly housing expenses and other financial obligations,
Norwest generally requires that the monthly housing payment not exceed 33% of
the proposed borrower's acceptable stable monthly gross income and that all debt
obligations of the proposed borrower, including the monthly housing payment, not
exceed 38% of the proposed borrower's acceptable stable monthly gross income,
provided, however, that with respect to a proposed mortgage loan with a
Loan-to-Value Ratio greater than 90%, ratios of up to 28% and 36%, respectively,
will be applied. Deviations from the underwriting standards described above are
permitted by Norwest in certain circumstances where strong compensating factors
are demonstrated by a prospective borrower.
Norwest also originates or acquires mortgage loans pursuant to alternative
sets of underwriting criteria under alternative documentation programs and
reduced documentation programs. Alternative documentation programs permit a
borrower to provide (i) W-2 Forms, pay check stubs and other similar items for
income verification, (ii) bank statements and other similar items instead of a
verification of deposits, and (iii) alternative methods of employment
verification. Under reduced documentation programs, relatively more emphasis is
placed on the credit report and the appraisal and certain credit underwriting
documentation concerning income, employment and deposit verification may
therefore be waived. Mortgage loans underwritten under reduced documentation
programs are limited to borrowers with credit histories that demonstrate an
established ability to repay the mortgage loans in a timely fashion. Permitted
maximum Loan-to-Value Ratios (including secondary financing) under reduced
documentation programs are more restrictive than under full documentation
programs. Mortgage Loans underwritten pursuant to reduced documentation programs
must be secured by owner-occupied primary residences.
Norwest will make representations and warranties with respect to the
Mortgage Loans as of the Closing Date. Norwest will be obligated to repurchase
Mortgage Loans in respect of which a material breach of the representations and
warranties it has made has occurred (other than those breaches which have been
cured). For a discussion of the representations and
S-22
<PAGE>
warranties made and the repurchase obligation, see "Mortgage Loan
Program-Representations by or on behalf of the Mortgage Loan Seller;
Repurchases" in the Prospectus.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The description in this Prospectus Supplement of the Mortgage Pool and the
Mortgaged Properties is based upon the Mortgage Pool as constituted at the close
of business on the Cut-off Date, as adjusted for the scheduled principal
payments due on or before such date. Prior to the issuance of the Certificates,
Mortgage Loans may be removed from the Mortgage Pool as a result of incomplete
documentation or otherwise, if the Depositor deems such removal necessary or
desirable, and may be prepaid at any time. A limited number of other mortgage
loans may be included in the Mortgage Pool prior to the issuance of the
Certificates unless including such mortgage loans would materially alter the
characteristics of the Mortgage Pool as described herein. The Depositor believes
that the information set forth herein will be representative of the
characteristics of the Mortgage Pool as it will be constituted at the time the
Certificates are issued, although the range of Mortgage Rates and maturities and
certain other characteristics of the Mortgage Loans in the Mortgage Pool may
vary.
YIELD ON THE CERTIFICATES
DELAY IN DISTRIBUTIONS ON THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES
The effective yield to holders of the Offered Certificates of each class
will be less than the yields otherwise produced by their respective Pass-Through
Rates and purchase prices because (i) on the first Distribution Date one month's
interest is payable thereon even though 54 days will have elapsed from the date
on which interest begins to accrue thereon, (ii) on each succeeding Distribution
Date the interest payable thereon is the interest accrued during the month
preceding the month of such Distribution Date, which ends 24 days prior to such
Distribution Date and (iii) during each Interest Accrual Period, interest
accrues on a Certificate Principal Balance or Notional Amount that is less than
the Certificate Principal Balance or Notional Amount of such class actually
outstanding for the first 24 days of such Interest Accrual Period.
CERTAIN SHORTFALLS IN COLLECTIONS OF INTEREST
When a claim is paid in respect of a Mortgage Loan under certain insurance
policies, accrued interest on such loan is required to be paid only to the date
of payment of the claim, without regard to when such payment will be distributed
to Certificateholders. When a principal prepayment in full is made on a Mortgage
Loan, the mortgagor is charged interest only for the period from the Due Date of
the preceding monthly payment up to the date of such prepayment, instead of for
a full month. When a partial principal prepayment is made on a Mortgage Loan,
the mortgagor is not charged interest on the amount of such prepayment for the
month in which such prepayment is made. In addition, the application of the
Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, as amended (the "Relief Act"),
to any Mortgage Loan will adversely affect, for an indeterminate period of time,
the ability of the Servicer to collect full amounts of interest on such Mortgage
Loan. See "Certain Legal Aspects of the Mortgage Loans-Soldiers' and Sailors'
Civil Relief Act of 1940" in the Prospectus. The Servicer is obligated to pay
from its own funds interest shortfalls attributable to full and partial
prepayments by the mortgagors on the Mortgage Loans, but only to the extent of
the aggregate of its Servicing Fees (as defined herein) for the related month.
Accordingly, the effect of (i) any principal prepayments on the Mortgage Loans,
to the extent that any resulting shortfall (a "Prepayment Interest Shortfall")
exceeds any payments made by the Servicer from its own funds ("Compensating
Interest") or (ii) any shortfalls resulting from the application of the Relief
Act or payments under any insurance policy, will be to reduce the aggregate
amount of interest collected that is available for distribution to
Certificateholders, other than holders of the Class PO Certificates. Any such
shortfalls will be allocated among the Certificates, other than the Class PO
Certificates, as provided herein under "Description of the Certificates-Interest
Distributions".
GENERAL PREPAYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
The rate of principal payments on each class of Offered Certificates, other
than the Class XS Certificates, the aggregate amount of distributions on each
class of Offered Certificates and the yield to maturity of each class of Offered
Certificates will be related to the rate and timing of payments of principal on
the Mortgage Loans. The rate of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans will in
turn be affected by the amortization schedules of such Mortgage Loans and by the
rate of principal
S-23
<PAGE>
prepayments thereon (including for this purpose payments resulting from
refinancings, liquidations of the Mortgage Loans due to defaults, casualties,
condemnations and repurchases, whether optional or required, by the Depositor or
Norwest, as the case may be). The Mortgage Loans may be prepaid by the
mortgagors at any time without payment of any prepayment fee or penalty. All of
the Mortgage Loans contain due-on-sale clauses. As described under "Description
of the Certificates-Principal Distributions on the Senior Certificates" herein,
prior to the Distribution Date in June 2001, all principal prepayments on the
Mortgage Loans will be allocated to the Senior Certificates (other than the
Class XS Certificates). Thereafter, as further described herein, during certain
periods, subject to certain loss and delinquency criteria described herein, the
Senior Prepayment Percentage may continue to be disproportionately large
(relative to the Senior Percentage) and the percentage of principal prepayments
payable to each class of Subordinate Certificates may continue to be
disproportionately small.
Prepayments, liquidations and purchases of the Mortgage Loans will result
in distributions in respect of principal to the holders of the class or classes
of Offered Certificates then entitled to receive such distributions that
otherwise would be distributed over the remaining terms of the Mortgage Loans.
See "Maturity and Prepayment Considerations" in the Prospectus. Since the rates
of payment of principal on the Mortgage Loans will depend on future events and a
variety of factors (as described more fully herein and in the Prospectus under
"Yield Considerations" and "Maturity and Prepayment Considerations"), no
assurance can be given as to such rate or the rate of principal prepayments. The
extent to which the yield to maturity of any class of Offered Certificates,
other than the Class XS Certificates, may vary from the anticipated yield will
depend upon the degree to which they are purchased at a discount or premium and
the degree to which the timing of payments thereon is sensitive to prepayments
on the Mortgage Loans. Further, in the case of any such Certificate purchased at
a discount, an investor should consider the risk that a slower than anticipated
rate of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans could result in an actual yield
to such investor that is lower than the anticipated yield and, in the case of
any such Certificate purchased at a premium, the risk that a faster than
anticipated rate of principal payments could result in an actual yield to such
investor that is lower than the anticipated yield. In general, the earlier a
prepayment of principal on the Mortgage Loans, the greater will be the effect on
the investor's yield to maturity. As a result, the effect on an investor's yield
of principal payments occurring at a rate higher (or lower) than the rate
anticipated by the investor during the period immediately following the issuance
of such Certificates would not be fully offset by a subsequent like reduction
(or increase) in the rate of principal payments. The yield to maturity on the
Class XS Certificates will be extremely sensitive to prepayments on the Non-PO
Mortgage Loans, and the yield to maturity on the Class PO Certificates will be
extremely sensitive to prepayments on the PO Mortgage Loans. See "-Yield
Sensitivity of the Class XS Certificates" and "-Yield Sensitivity of the Class
PO Certificates" herein.
It is highly unlikely that the Mortgage Loans will prepay at any constant
rate until maturity or that all of the Mortgage Loans will prepay at the same
rate. Moreover, the timing of prepayments on the Mortgage Loans may
significantly affect the actual yield to maturity on the Offered Certificates,
even if the average rate of principal payments experienced over time is
consistent with an investor's expectation.
Because principal distributions are paid to certain classes of Offered
Certificates before other such classes, holders of classes of Offered
Certificates having a later priority of payment bear a greater risk of losses
(because such Certificates will represent an increasing percentage interest in
the Trust Fund during the period prior to the commencement of distributions of
principal thereon) than holders of classes having earlier priorities for
distribution of principal.
The rate of payments (including prepayments) on pools of mortgage loans is
influenced by a variety of economic, geographic, social and other factors. If
prevailing mortgage rates fall significantly below the Mortgage Rates on the
Mortgage Loans, the rate of prepayment (and refinancing) would be expected to
increase. Conversely, if prevailing mortgage rates rise significantly above the
Mortgage Rates on the Mortgage Loans, the rate of prepayment on the Mortgage
Loans would be expected to decrease. Other factors affecting prepayment of
mortgage loans include changes in mortgagors' housing needs, job transfers,
unemployment, mortgagors' net equity in the mortgaged properties and servicing
decisions. There can be no certainty as to the rate of prepayments on the
Mortgage Loans during any period or over the life of the Certificates. See
"Yield Considerations" and "Maturity and Prepayment Considerations" in the
Prospectus.
In general, defaults on mortgage loans are expected to occur with greater
frequency in their early years. In addition, default rates generally are higher
for mortgage loans used to refinance an existing mortgage loan. In the event of
a borrower's default on a Mortgage Loan, there can be no assurance that recourse
beyond the specific Mortgaged Property pledged as security for repayment will be
available. See "The Mortgage Pool-Underwriting Standards; Representations"
herein.
S-24
<PAGE>
Because the Mortgage Rates on the Mortgage Loans are fixed, such rates will
not change in response to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, if
mortgage market interest rates or market yields for securities similar to the
Offered Certificates were to rise, the market value of the Offered Certificates
may decline.
As described under "Description of the Certificates-Allocation of Losses;
Subordination", amounts otherwise distributable to holders of the Subordinate
Certificates may be made available to protect the holders of the Senior
Certificates against interruptions in distributions due to certain borrower
delinquencies, to the extent not covered by P&I Advances, and amounts otherwise
distributable to holders of the Subordinate Certificates with a higher numerical
designation may be made available to protect the holders of Subordinate
Certificates with a lower numerical designation against such interruptions in
distributions. Such delinquencies may affect the yield to investors on such
classes of the Subordinate Certificates, and, even if subsequently cured, will
affect the timing of the receipt of distributions by the holders of such classes
of Subordinate Certificates. Furthermore, the Class PO Certificates will share
in the principal portion of Realized Losses on the Mortgage Loans only to the
extent that they are incurred with respect to Class PO Mortgage Loans and only
to the extent of the related Class PO Percentage; thus, after the Subordinate
Certificates are retired or in the case of Excess Special Hazard Losses, Excess
Fraud Losses, Excess Bankruptcy Losses and Extraordinary Losses, the Senior
Certificates (other than the Class PO Certificates) may be affected to a greater
extent by losses on Non-PO Mortgage Loans than losses on PO Mortgage Loans. In
addition, a larger than expected rate of delinquencies or losses will also
affect the rate of principal payments on each class of the Subordinate
Certificates if it delays the scheduled reduction of the Senior Prepayment
Percentage or triggers an increase of the Senior Prepayment Percentage to 100%.
S-25
<PAGE>
WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIFE
Weighted average life refers to the amount of time that will elapse from
the date of issuance of a security until each dollar of principal of such
security will be repaid to the investor. The weighted average life of the
Offered Certificates of each class will be influenced by the rate at which
principal on the Mortgage Loans is paid, which may be in the form of scheduled
payments or prepayments (including prepayments of principal by the borrower as
well as amounts received by virtue of condemnation, insurance or foreclosure
with respect to the Mortgage Loans).
Distributions of principal to the Class A Certificates will be made in the
priority described herein, rather than on a PRO RATA basis among such classes,
unless the Certificate Principal Balances of the Subordinate Certificates have
been reduced to zero. The timing of commencement of principal distributions to
each class of the Class A Certificates and the weighted average life of each
such class will be affected by the rates of prepayment on the Mortgage Loans
experienced both before and after the commencement of principal distributions on
each such class.
Prepayments on mortgage loans are commonly measured relative to a
prepayment standard or model. The model used in this Prospectus Supplement, the
standard prepayment assumption ("SPA"), assumes prepayment rates of 0.2% per
annum of the then outstanding principal balance of such mortgage loans in the
first month after origination and that this annual prepayment rate increases by
0.2% per annum each month through the thirtieth month after origination and
remains constant at 6% per annum in each month thereafter. SPA does not purport
to be an historical description of prepayment experience or a prediction of the
anticipated rate of prepayment of any pool of mortgage loans, including the
Mortgage Loans.
The following table indicates the percentage of the initial Certificate
Principal Balance of the indicated classes of the Certificates that would be
outstanding after each of the dates shown at various constant percentages of SPA
and the corresponding weighted average lives of such Certificates. The table is
based on the following assumptions (the "Modeling Assumptions"): (i) the
Mortgage Pool consists of two Mortgage Loans with the characteristics set forth
in the table below, (ii) distributions on such Certificates are received, in
cash, on the 25th day of each month, commencing in June 1996, (iii) the Mortgage
Loans prepay at the constant percentages of SPA indicated, (iv) no defaults or
delinquencies occur in the payment by mortgagors of principal and interest on
the Mortgage Loans and no shortfalls due to the application of the Relief Act
are incurred, (v) none of the Depositor, the Mortgage Loan Seller, the Servicer
or any other person purchases from the Trust Fund any Mortgage Loan pursuant to
any obligation or option under the Agreement, (vi) scheduled monthly payments on
the Mortgage Loans are received on the first day of each month commencing in
June 1996, and are computed prior to giving effect to any prepayments received
in the prior month, (vii) prepayments representing payment in full of individual
Mortgage Loans are received on the last day of each month commencing in May
1996, and include 30 days' interest thereon, (viii) the scheduled monthly
payment for each Mortgage Loan is calculated based on its principal balance,
Mortgage Rate, original term to maturity and remaining term to maturity such
that the Mortgage Loan will amortize in amounts sufficient to repay the
remaining principal balance of such Mortgage Loan by its remaining term to
maturity and (ix) the Certificates are purchased on May 30, 1996.
S-26
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ASSUMED MORTGAGE LOAN CHARACTERISTICS
PRINCIPAL BALANCE NET ORIGINAL TERM REMAINING TERM
AS OF THE MORTGAGE MORTGAGE TO MATURITY TO MATURITY
CUT-OFF DATE RATE RATE (MONTHS) (MONTHS)
- -------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- --------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$79,322,794 7.907442318% 8.164942318% 359 357
$70,377,360 7.316254925% 7.573754925% 360 358
</TABLE>
There will be discrepancies between the characteristics of the actual
Mortgage Loans and the characteristics assumed in preparing the table below. Any
such discrepancy may have an effect upon the percentages of the initial
Certificate Principal Balances outstanding (and the weighted average lives) of
the classes Certificates set forth in the table. In addition, to the extent that
the actual Mortgage Loans included in the Mortgage Pool have characteristics
that differ from those assumed in preparing the table below, such classes of
Certificates may mature earlier or later than indicated by the table below.
Based on the foregoing assumptions, the table below indicates the weighted
average life of each class of the Class A Certificates and of the Subordinate
Certificates and sets forth the percentage of the initial Certificate Principal
Balance of each such class of Certificates that would be outstanding after each
of the dates shown, at various percentages of SPA. Neither the prepayment model
used herein nor any other prepayment model or assumption purports to be an
historical description of prepayment experience or a prediction of the
anticipated rate of prepayment of any pool of mortgage loans, including the
Mortgage Loans included in the Trust Fund. Variations in the prepayment
experience and the balance of the Mortgage Loans that prepay may increase or
decrease the percentages of initial Certificate Principal Balance (and weighted
average lives) shown in the following table. Such variations may occur even if
the average prepayment experience of all such Mortgage Loans equals any of the
specified percentages of the prepayment assumption.
S-27
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENT OF INITIAL CERTIFICATE PRINCIPAL BALANCE OUTSTANDING AT THE
SPECIFIED PERCENTAGES OF SPA
CLASS A-1 CERTIFICATES CLASS A-2 CERTIFICATES CLASS A-3 CERTIFICATES
DISTRIBUTION
DATE 0% 150% 200% 300% 500% 0% 150% 200% 300% 500% 0% 150% 200% 300% 500%
- ------------- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Closing Date. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 25, 1997. 99 94 92 89 83 94 74 68 55 28 100 100 100 100 100
May 25, 1998. 97 82 77 67 47 88 22 1 0 0 100 100 100 83 48
May 25, 1999. 96 66 56 39 8 81 0 0 0 0 100 81 64 33 0
May 25, 2000. 94 51 38 16 0 74 0 0 0 0 100 55 32 0 0
May 25, 2001. 92 38 23 0 0 66 0 0 0 0 100 31 4 0 0
May 25, 2002. 90 26 10 0 0 58 0 0 0 0 100 11 0 0 0
May 25, 2003. 88 17 0 0 0 49 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2004. 85 8 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2005. 83 1 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2006. 80 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2007. 77 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2008. 74 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 96 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2009. 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2010. 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2011. 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2012. 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 68 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2013. 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2014. 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2015. 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2016. 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2017. 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2018. 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2019. 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2020. 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2021. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2022. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2023. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2024. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2025. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 25, 2026. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Weighted Average
Life in
Years(1).... 16.22 4.35 3.50 2.63 1.90 6.48 1.47 1.27 1.03 0.78 17.64 4.30 3.51 2.70 1.99
- -----------------
</TABLE>
(1) The weighted average life of a Certificate is determined by (a)
multiplying the amount of each distribution of principal by the number
of years from the date of issuance of the Certificate to the related
Distribution Date, (b) adding the results and (c) dividing the sum by
the initial Certificate Principal Balance of the Certificate.
(TABLE CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE.)
S-28
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
PERCENT OF INITIAL CERTIFICATE PRINCIPAL BALANCE OUTSTANDING AT THE
SPECIFIED PERCENTAGES OF SPA
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-4 CERTIFICATES CLASS A-5 CERTIFICATES CLASS A-6 CERTIFICATES
DISTRIBUTION
DATE 0% 150% 200% 300% 500% 0% 150% 200% 300% 500% 0% 150% 200% 300% 500%
------------- ------ ----- ----- ------ ----- ------ ---- ----- ---- ----- ---- ---- ------ ------ ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Closing Date.. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 25, 1997.. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 25, 1998.. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 25, 1999.. 100 100 100 100 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 25, 2000.. 100 100 100 78 0 100 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 79
May 25, 2001.. 100 100 100 0 0 100 100 100 75 0 100 100 100 100 37
May 25, 2002.. 100 100 50 0 0 100 100 100 0 0 100 100 100 88 14
May 25, 2003.. 100 81 0 0 0 100 100 97 0 0 100 100 100 66 2
May 25, 2004.. 100 40 0 0 0 100 100 18 0 0 100 100 100 50 0
May 25, 2005.. 100 4 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 100 89 39 0
May 25, 2006.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 52 0 0 0 100 100 77 31 0
May 25, 2007.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 100 66 25 0
May 25, 2008.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 89 57 20 0
May 25, 2009.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 79 49 16 0
May 25, 2010.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 69 42 13 0
May 25, 2011.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 61 35 10 0
May 25, 2012.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 54 30 8 0
May 25, 2013.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 47 25 6 0
May 25, 2014.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 40 21 5 0
May 25, 2015.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 35 18 4 0
May 25, 2016.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 30 15 3 0
May 25, 2017.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 25 12 2 0
May 25, 2018.. 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 21 10 2 0
May 25, 2019.. 76 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 17 8 1 0
May 25, 2020.. 35 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 14 6 1 0
May 25, 2021.. 0 0 0 0 0 83 0 0 0 0 100 11 4 1 0
May 25, 2022.. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99 8 3 0 0
May 25, 2023.. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 6 2 0 0
May 25, 2024.. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 3 1 0 0
May 25, 2025.. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 1 1 0 0
May 25, 2026.. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Weighted Average
Life in
Years(1)...... 23.65 7.81 6.06 4.32 2.96 25.40 10.07 7.61 5.22 3.46 27.99 17.62 14.23 9.46 4.88
- ----------------
</TABLE>
(1) The weighted average life of a Certificate is determined by (a)
multiplying the amount of each distribution of principal by the number
of years from the date of issuance of the Certificate to the related
Distribution Date, (b) adding the results and (c) dividing the sum by
the initial Certificate Principal Balance of the Certificate.
(TABLE CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE.)
S-29
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENT OF INITIAL CERTIFICATE PRINCIPAL BALANCE OUTSTANDING AT THE
SPECIFIED PERCENTAGES OF SPA
CLASS A-7 CERTIFICATES CLASS PO CERTIFICATES SUBORDINATE CERTIFICATES
DISTRIBUTION
DATE 0% 150% 200% 300% 500% 0% 150% 200% 300% 500% 0% 150% 200% 300% 500%
- ------------ ------ ------ ----- ------ ----- ---- ----- ----- ------ ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Closing Date... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 25, 1997... 99 99 99 99 99 99 97 96 94 91 99 99 99 99 99
May 25, 1998... 98 98 98 98 98 98 90 87 82 71 98 98 98 98 98
May 25, 1999... 97 97 97 97 97 97 81 76 66 50 97 97 97 97 97
May 25, 2000... 96 96 96 96 96 96 73 66 54 34 96 96 96 96 96
May 25, 2001... 95 95 95 95 95 95 65 57 44 24 95 95 95 95 95
May 25, 2002... 94 91 90 88 82 93 59 50 35 16 94 91 90 88 84
May 25, 2003... 92 86 84 79 68 92 52 43 28 11 92 86 84 80 72
May 25, 2004... 91 80 76 69 46 90 47 37 23 8 91 80 77 70 57
May 25, 2005... 89 72 67 57 30 89 42 32 18 5 89 73 68 59 42
May 25, 2006... 87 65 58 46 20 87 37 28 15 4 87 65 59 47 29
May 25, 2007... 85 58 50 37 14 85 33 24 12 3 85 58 51 38 20
May 25, 2008... 83 51 43 29 10 83 29 20 9 2 83 52 43 30 14
May 25, 2009... 81 45 37 23 7 80 26 18 8 1 81 46 37 24 9
May 25, 2010... 79 40 31 19 4 78 23 15 6 1 79 40 32 19 6
May 25, 2011... 76 35 27 15 3 75 20 13 5 1 76 35 27 15 4
May 25, 2012... 73 31 23 12 2 72 18 11 4 0 73 31 23 12 3
May 25, 2013... 70 27 19 9 1 69 15 9 3 0 70 27 19 9 2
May 25, 2014... 67 23 16 7 1 66 13 8 2 0 67 23 16 7 1
May 25, 2015... 63 20 13 6 1 62 12 6 2 0 63 20 13 6 1
May 25, 2016... 59 17 11 4 0 59 10 5 1 0 59 17 11 4 1
May 25, 2017... 55 14 9 3 0 54 8 4 1 0 55 15 9 3 0
May 25, 2018... 51 12 7 2 0 50 7 3 1 0 51 12 7 3 0
May 25, 2019... 46 10 6 2 0 45 6 3 1 0 46 10 6 2 0
May 25, 2020... 40 8 4 1 0 40 5 2 0 0 40 8 5 1 0
May 25, 2021... 35 6 3 1 0 34 4 2 0 0 35 6 3 1 0
May 25, 2022... 29 5 2 1 0 28 3 1 0 0 29 5 2 1 0
May 25, 2023... 22 3 2 0 0 22 2 1 0 0 22 3 2 0 0
May 25, 2024... 15 2 1 0 0 14 1 0 0 0 15 2 1 0 0
May 25, 2025... 7 1 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 0 0
May 25, 2026... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Weighted Average
Life in
Years(1)..... 20.27 13.40 12.17 10.47 8.26 20.12 9.30 7.69 5.67 3.74 20.27 13.45 12.24 10.59 8.82
- ------------
</TABLE>
(1) The weighted average life of a Certificate is determined by (a)
multiplying the amount of each distribution of principal by the number
of years from the date of issuance of the Certificate to the related
Distribution Date, (b) adding the results and (c) dividing the sum by
the initial Certificate Principal Balance of the Certificate.
S-30
<PAGE>
There is no assurance that prepayments of the Mortgage Loans will conform
to any of the levels of the SPA indicated in the table above, or to any other
level, or that the actual weighted average life of any class of Certificates
will conform to any of the weighted average lives set forth in the table above.
Furthermore, the information contained in the table with respect to the weighted
average life of each class of Class A Certificates and of the Subordinate
Certificates is not necessarily indicative of the weighted average life of each
such class that might be calculated or projected under different or varying
prepayment assumptions.
The characteristics of the Mortgage Loans will differ from those assumed in
preparing the table above. In addition, it is unlikely that any Mortgage Loan
will prepay at any constant percentage of SPA until maturity or that all of the
Mortgage Loans will prepay at the same rate. The timing of changes in the rate
of prepayments may significantly affect the actual yield to maturity to
investors, even if the average rate of principal prepayments is consistent with
the expectations of investors.
YIELD SENSITIVITY OF THE CLASS XS CERTIFICATES
The yield to maturity of the Class XS Certificates will be especially
sensitive to the prepayment, repurchase and default experience on the Non-PO
Mortgage Loans, which may fluctuate significantly from time to time. A rapid
rate of principal payments on the Non-PO Mortgage Loans will have a material
negative effect on the yield to maturity of the Class XS Certificates. Principal
prepayments on Non-PO Mortgage Loans with higher Stripped Interest Rates will
have a greater negative impact on the yield to maturity of the Class XS
Certificates. There can be no assurance that the Non-PO Mortgage Loans will
prepay at any particular rate. Prospective investors in the Class XS
Certificates should fully consider the associated risks, including the risk that
such investors may not fully recover their initial investment.
The following table indicates the sensitivity of the yield of the Class XS
Certificates to various rates of prepayment on the Mortgage Loans and the
corresponding pre-tax yield on a corporate bond equivalent basis. The table set
forth below has been prepared based on the Modeling Assumptions.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRE-TAX YIELD TO MATURITY
ON THE CLASS XS CERTIFICATES
AT VARIOUS PERCENTAGES OF SPA
ASSUMED AGGREGATE PERCENTAGES OF SPA
PURCHASE PRICE 0% 150% 200% 300% 500%
- ---------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$1,223,636.................................... 26.65% 18.87% 16.22% 10.86% (0.17)%
</TABLE>
On the basis of a constant prepayment rate of 497% SPA and the purchase
price assumed above, the yield to maturity of the Class XS Certificates would be
approximately 0%. If the actual prepayment rate were to exceed such rate,
initial investors in the Class XS Certificates would not fully recover their
initial investment.
The pre-tax yields set forth in the preceding table were calculated by
determining the monthly discount rates that, when applied to the assumed streams
of cash flows to be paid on the Class XS Certificates, would cause the
discounted present value of such assumed stream of cash flows to equal the
assumed aggregate purchase price of such Class XS Certificates, which includes
accrued interest, and by converting such monthly rates to corporate bond
equivalent rates. Such calculation does not take into account shortfalls in
collection of interest due to prepayments (or other liquidations) on the
Mortgage Loans or the interest rates at which investors may be able to reinvest
funds received by them as distributions on the Class XS Certificates and
consequently does not purport to reflect the return on any investment in the
Class XS Certificates when such reinvestment rates are considered.
The characteristics of the Mortgage Loans will differ from those assumed in
preparing the table above. There can be no assurance that the Mortgage Loans
will prepay at any of the rates shown in the table or at any other particular
rate, that the cash flows on the Class XS Certificates will correspond to those
used to determine the pre-tax yields shown above or that the aggregate purchase
price of the Class XS Certificates will be as assumed. In addition, it is
unlikely that any Mortgage Loan will prepay at the specified percentages of SPA
until maturity or that all of the Mortgage Loans will prepay at the same rate.
Timing of changes in the rate of prepayments may significantly affect the actual
yield to maturity to investors, even if the average rate of principal
prepayments is consistent with the expectations of investors. Because the
portion of interest payments allocable to the holders of the Class XS
Certificates is zero with respect to PO Mortgage Loans and varies from Non-PO
Mortgage Loan
S-31
<PAGE>
to Non-PO Mortgage Loan and is greater with respect to Non-PO Mortgage Loans
with higher Mortgage Rates, the yield on the Class XS Certificates will be lower
than indicated in the table above with respect to any particular average
prepayment rate if Non-PO Mortgage Loans with higher Mortgage Rates prepay
faster than Non-PO Mortgage Loans with lower Mortgage Rates (assuming the same
Mortgage Loan principal balance). Investors must make their own decisions as to
the appropriate prepayment assumptions to be used in deciding whether to
purchase the Class XS Certificates.
YIELD SENSITIVITY OF THE CLASS PO CERTIFICATES
To illustrate the significance of the effect of prepayments on the Class PO
Certificates, the following table indicates the relationship between the assumed
purchase price and the pre-tax yield to maturity on the Class PO Certificates at
various constant percentages of SPA stated on a corporate bond equivalent basis.
The table set forth below has been prepared based on the Modeling Assumptions.
The pre-tax yields set forth in the following table were calculated by
determining the monthly discount rates that, when applied to the assumed streams
of cash flows to be paid to the Class PO Certificates, would cause the
discounted present value of such assumed stream of cash flows to equal the
assumed purchase price of such Class PO Certificates and by converting such
monthly rates to corporate bond equivalent yields.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRE-TAX YIELD TO MATURITY
ON THE CLASS PO CERTIFICATES
AT VARIOUS PERCENTAGES OF SPA
ASSUMED AGGREGATE PERCENTAGES OF SPA
PURCHASE PRICE 0% 150% 200% 300% 500%
- ---------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ------
<C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$1,017,277........................................... 2.76% 6.77% 8.30% 11.32% 16.94%
</TABLE>
The characteristics of the PO Mortgage Loans in the Mortgage Pool will
differ from those assumed in preparing the foregoing table. There can be no
assurance that the PO Mortgage Loans will prepay at any of the rates shown in
such table or at any other particular rate, that the pre-tax yields on the Class
PO Certificates will correspond to any such yields shown herein or that the
aggregate purchase price of the Class PO Certificates will be as assumed. In
addition, it is unlikely that any PO Mortgage Loan will prepay at the specified
percentages of SPA until maturity or that all of the PO Mortgage Loans will
prepay at the same rate. Timing of changes in the rate of prepayments may
significantly affect the actual yield to maturity to investors, even if the
average rate of principal prepayments is consistent with the expectations of
investors. Because the portion of principal payments allocable to holders of the
Class PO Certificates is zero with respect to Non-PO Mortgage Loans and varies
from PO Mortgage Loan to PO Mortgage Loan and is greater with respect to PO
Mortgage Loans with lower Mortgage Rates, the yield on the Class PO Certificates
will be lower than indicated in the foregoing table with respect to any
particular average prepayment rate if PO Mortgage Loans with lower Mortgage
Rates prepay at a slower rate than PO Mortgage Loans with higher Mortgage Rates
(assuming the same Mortgage Loan principal balance). Investors must make their
own decisions as to the appropriate prepayment assumptions to be used in
deciding whether to purchase the Class PO Certificates.
YIELD SENSITIVITY OF THE SUBORDINATE CERTIFICATES
If the Certificate Principal Balances of the Class B-6 Certificates, Class
B-5 Certificates, Class B-4 Certificates, Class B-3 Certificates and Class B-2
Certificates have been reduced to zero, the yield to maturity on the Class B-1
Certificates will become extremely sensitive to losses on the Mortgage Loans
(and the timing thereof) that are covered by subordination, because the entire
amount of such losses will be allocated to the Class B-1 Certificates. If the
Certificate Principal Balances of the Class B-6 Certificates, Class B-5
Certificates, Class B-4 Certificates and Class B-3 Certificates have been
reduced to zero, the yield to maturity on the Class B-2 Certificates will become
extremely sensitive to losses on the Mortgage Loans (and the timing thereof)
that are covered by subordination, because the entire amount of such losses will
be allocated to the Class B-2 Certificates. If the Certificate Principal
Balances of the Class B-6 Certificates, Class B-5 Certificates and Class B-4
Certificates have been reduced to zero, the yield to maturity on the Class B-3
Certificates will become extremely sensitive to losses on the Mortgage Loans
(and the timing thereof) that are covered by subordination, because the entire
amount of such losses will be allocated to the Class B-3 Certificates. The
initial undivided interest in the Trust Fund evidenced by the Class B-1
Certificates, the Class B-2 Certificates, the Class B-3 Certificates, the Class
B-4 Certificates, the Class B-5 Certificates and the Class B-6
S-32
<PAGE>
Certificates is 2.00%, 1.50%, 0.95%, 0.45%, 0.20% and 0.40%, respectively.
Investors in the Subordinate Certificates should fully consider the risk that
Realized Losses on the Mortgage Loans could result in the failure of such
investors to fully recover their investments. For additional considerations
relating to the yield on the Subordinate Certificates, see "Yield
Considerations" and "Maturity and Prepayment Considerations" in the Prospectus.
ADDITIONAL YIELD CONSIDERATIONS APPLICABLE SOLELY TO THE RESIDUAL CERTIFICATES
The Certificateholders' after-tax rate of return on their Residual
Certificates will reflect their pre-tax rate of return, reduced by the taxes
required to be paid with respect to the Residual Certificates. Holders of
Residual Certificates will have tax liabilities with respect to their Residual
Certificates during the early years of the REMIC's term that substantially
exceed any distributions payable thereon during or prior to any such period. In
addition, holders of Residual Certificates will have tax liabilities with
respect to their Residual Certificates the present value of which substantially
exceeds the present value of distributions payable thereon and of any tax
benefits that may arise with respect thereto. Accordingly, the after-tax rate of
return on the Residual Certificates may be negative or may otherwise be
significantly adversely affected. The timing and amount of taxable income
attributable to the Residual Certificates will depend on, among other things,
the timing and amounts of prepayments and losses experienced with respect to the
Mortgage Pool.
The Residual Certificateholders should consult their own tax advisors as to
the effect of taxes and the receipt of any payments made to such holders in
connection with the transfer of the Residual Certificates on after-tax rates of
return on the Residual Certificates. See "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences" herein and in the Prospectus.
DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES
GENERAL
The Series 1996-2 Certificates will consist of sixteen classes of
certificates (collectively, the "Certificates"), designated as: (i) the Class
A-1 Certificates, the Class A-2 Certificates, the Class A-3 Certificates, the
Class A-4 Certificates, the Class A-5 Certificates, the Class A-6 Certificates
and the Class A-7 Certificates (collectively, the "Class A Certificates"), (ii)
the Class XS Certificates, (iii) the Class PO Certificates (the Class A
Certificates, the Class XS Certificates and the Class PO Certificates,
collectively, the "Senior Certificates"), (iv) the Class B-1 Certificates, the
Class B-2 Certificates, the Class B-3 Certificates, the Class B-4 Certificates,
the Class B-5 Certificates and the Class B-6 Certificates (collectively, the
"Subordinate Certificates") and (iv) the Class R Certificates (the "Residual
Certificates"). Only the Senior Certificates, the Class B-1 Certificates, the
Class B-2 Certificates, the Class B-3 Certificates and the Residual Certificates
(collectively, the "Offered Certificates") are offered hereby.
The Certificates represent in the aggregate the entire beneficial ownership
interest in a Trust Fund (the "Trust Fund") consisting primarily of a segregated
pool (the "Mortgage Pool") of conventional, one-to four-family, fixed-rate,
first lien mortgage loans having original terms to maturity of not greater than
30 years (the "Mortgage Loans") and an aggregate principal balance as of May 1,
1996 (the "Cut-off Date") of approximately $149,700,153, subject to a permitted
variance as described herein under "The Mortgage Pool".
Each class of the Offered Certificates will have the approximate initial
Certificate Principal Balance or Notional Amount, as applicable, as set forth on
the cover hereof and, except for the Class PO Certificates, will have the
Pass-Through Rate determined as provided herein under "Summary of Prospectus
Supplement-Pass-Through Rate". The Class PO Certificates do not bear interest
and therefore have no Pass-Through Rate. The Class B-4 Certificates, the Class
B-5 Certificates and the Class B-6 Certificates have in the aggregate an initial
Certificate Principal Balance of approximately $1,573,054 and a Pass-Through
Rate for each Distribution Date of 7.50% per annum. The Residual Certificates
also represent the right to receive additional distributions in respect of the
Trust Fund on any Distribution Date after all required payments of principal and
interest have been made on such date in respect of the other classes of
Certificates, although it is not anticipated that funds will be available for
any such additional distribution. Only the Offered Certificates are offered
hereby. The Class B-4 Certificates, the Class B-5 Certificates and the Class B-6
Certificates, which are not being offered hereby, will be sold by the Depositor
to Salomon Brothers Inc on the Closing Date.
The Class A Certificates (the "Book-Entry Certificates") will be issued,
maintained and transferred on the book-entry records of DTC and its Participants
in minimum denominations of $1.00 and integral multiples thereof. The Class XS
Certificates, the Class PO Certificates and the Subordinate Certificates will be
issued in registered, certificated form, in minimum percentage
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interests corresponding to initial Certificate Principal Balances or notional
amounts, as applicable, of $10,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess
thereof, except that one Certificate of each such class may be issued evidencing
an amount equal to either (i) the sum of an otherwise authorized denomination
thereof plus the remainder of the aggregate initial Certificate Principal
Balance or Notional Amount, as applicable, for such class or (ii) such
remainder. The Residual Certificates will be offered in registered, certificated
form, in minimum denominations of $20 and integral multiples thereof.
The Book-Entry Certificates will initially be represented by one or more
global certificates registered in the name of the nominee of DTC (together with
any successor clearing agency selected by the Depositor, the "Clearing Agency"),
except as provided below. The Depositor has been informed by DTC that DTC's
nominee will be CEDE & Co. ("CEDE"). No Certificate Owner will be entitled to
receive a certificate representing such person's interest, except as set forth
below under "-Definitive Certificates". Unless and until Definitive Certificates
are issued under the limited circumstances described herein, all references to
actions by Certificateholders with respect to the Book-Entry Certificates shall
refer to actions taken by DTC upon instructions from its Participants (as
defined below), and all references herein to distributions, notices, reports and
statements to Certificateholders with respect to the Book-Entry Certificates
shall refer to distributions, notices, reports and statements to DTC or CEDE, as
the registered holder of the Book-Entry Certificates, for distribution to
Certificate Owners in accordance with DTC procedures. See "-Registration of the
Book-Entry Certificates" and "-Definitive Certificates" herein.
The Class XS Certificates, Class PO Certificates, Class B-1 Certificates,
Class B-2 Certificates, Class B-3 Certificates, Residual Certificates and
Definitive Certificates will be transferable and exchangeable at the offices of
the Trustee. The Subordinate Certificates may not be purchased by or transferred
to a Plan (as defined herein) except upon delivery of a certificate of facts or
an opinion of counsel, and the Residual Certificates may not be purchased by or
transferred to a Plan, in each case as provided herein. See "-Restrictions on
Transfer of the Subordinate Certificates and Residual Certificates" and "ERISA
Considerations" herein. Transfer of the Residual Certificates will be subject to
certain additional restrictions and transfer of the Residual Certificates to any
non-United States person will be prohibited, in each case as described under
"Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences-Special Tax Considerations Applicable
to Residual Certificates" herein and under "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs-Tax On Transfers of REMIC Residual Certificates to Certain
Organizations" and "-Taxation of Owners of Residual Certificates-Noneconomic
REMIC Residual Certificates" in the Prospectus. No service charge will be
imposed for any registration of transfer or exchange, but the Trustee may
require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge imposed in connection therewith.
All distributions to holders of the Certificates, other than the final
distribution on any class of Certificates, will be made on each Distribution
Date by or on behalf of the Trustee to the persons in whose names such
Certificates are registered at the close of business on the related Record Date,
which will be the last business day of the month preceding the month in which
such Distribution Date occurs. Such distributions will be made either (a) by
check mailed to the address of each such Certificateholder as it appears in the
Certificate Register or (b) upon written request to the Trustee at least five
business days prior to the relevant Record Date by any holder of Certificates
having an aggregate initial Certificate Principal Balance or Notional Amount, as
applicable, that is in excess of the lesser of (i) $5,000,000 or (ii) two-thirds
of the initial aggregate Certificate Principal Balance or Notional Amount, as
applicable, of such class of Certificates, by wire transfer in immediately
available funds to the account of such Certificateholder specified in the
request. The final distribution on any class of Certificates will be made in
like manner, but only upon presentment and surrender of such Certificates at the
corporate trust office of the Trustee or such other location specified in the
notice to Certificateholders of such final distribution.
REGISTRATION OF THE BOOK-ENTRY CERTIFICATES
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the laws of the
State of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing
corporation" within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a
"clearing agency" registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. DTC was created to hold securities
for its participating organizations ("Participants") and to facilitate the
clearance and settlement of securities transactions between Participants through
electronic book entries, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of
certificates. Participants include securities brokers and dealers (including the
Underwriter), banks, trust companies and clearing corporations. Indirect access
to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers,
and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with
a Participant, either directly or indirectly ("Indirect Participants").
Certificate Owners that are not Participants or Indirect Participants but
desire to purchase, sell or otherwise transfer ownership of, or other interests
in, the Book-Entry Certificates may do so only through Participants and Indirect
Participants.
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In addition, Certificate Owners will receive all distributions of principal of
and interest on the Book-Entry Certificates from the Trustee through DTC and DTC
Participants. The Trustee will forward payments to DTC in same day funds and DTC
will forward such payments to Participants in next day funds settled through the
New York Clearing House. Each Participant will be responsible for disbursing
such payments to Indirect Participants or to Certificate Owners. Unless and
until Definitive Certificates are issued, it is anticipated that the only
Certificateholder of the Book-Entry Certificates will be CEDE, as nominee of
DTC. Certificate Owners will not be recognized by the Trustee as
Certificateholders, as such term is used in the Agreements and Certificate
Owners will be permitted to exercise the rights of Certificateholders only
indirectly through DTC and its Participants.
Under the rules, regulations and procedures creating and affecting DTC and
its operations (the "Rules"), DTC is required to make book-entry transfers of
Book-Entry Certificates among Participants and to receive and transmit
distributions of principal of, and interest on, the Book-Entry Certificates.
Participants and Indirect Participants with which Certificate Owners have
accounts with respect to the Book-Entry Certificates similarly are required to
make book-entry transfers and receive and transmit such payments on behalf of
their respective Certificate Owners. Accordingly, although Certificate Owners
will not possess Definitive Certificates, the Rules provide a mechanism by which
Certificate Owners through their Participants and Indirect Participants will
receive payments and will be able to transfer their interest.
Because DTC can only act on behalf of Participants, who in turn act on
behalf of Indirect Participants and on behalf of certain banks, the ability of a
Certificate Owner to pledge Book-Entry Certificates to persons or entities that
do not participate in the DTC system, or to otherwise act with respect to such
Certificates, may be limited due to the absence of physical certificates for the
Book-Entry Certificates. In addition, under a book-entry format, Certificate
Owners may experience delays in their receipt of payments since distribution
will be made by the Trustee to CEDE, as nominee for DTC.
Under the Rules, DTC will take action permitted to be taken by a
Certificateholder under the Agreement only at the direction of one or more
Participants to whose DTC account the Book-Entry Certificates are credited.
Additionally, under the Rules, DTC will take such actions with respect to
specified Voting Rights only at the direction of and on behalf of Participants
whose holdings of Book-Entry Certificates evidenced such specified Voting
Rights. DTC may take conflicting actions with respect to Voting Rights, to the
extent that Participants whose holdings of Book-Entry Certificates evidenced
such Voting Rights, authorize divergent action.
The Depositor, the Servicer and the Trustee will have no liability for any
aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial
ownership interests in the Book-Entry Certificates held by CEDE, as nominee for
DTC, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such
beneficial ownership interests.
DEFINITIVE CERTIFICATES
Definitive Certificates will be issued to Certificate Owners or their
nominees, respectively, rather than to DTC or its nominee, only if (i) the
Depositor advises the Trustee in writing that DTC is no longer willing or able
to discharge properly its responsibilities as Clearing Agency with respect to
the Book-Entry Certificates and the Depositor is unable to locate a qualified
successor, (ii) the Depositor, at its option, elects to terminate the book-entry
system through DTC, or (iii) after the occurrence of an Event of Default,
Certificate Owners representing in the aggregate not less than 51% of the Voting
Rights of the BookEntry Certificates advise the Trustee and DTC through
Participants, in writing, that the continuation of a book-entry system through
DTC (or a successor thereto) is no longer in the Certificate Owners' best
interest.
Upon the occurrence of any event described in the immediately preceding
paragraph, the Trustee is required to notify all Certificate Owners through
Participants of the availability of Definitive Certificates. Upon surrender by
DTC of the Definitive Certificates representing the Book-Entry Certificates and
receipt of instructions for re-registration, the Trustee will reissue the
Book-Entry Certificates as Definitive Certificates issued in the respective
principal amounts owned by individual Certificate Owners, and thereafter the
Trustee will recognize the holders of such Definitive Certificates as
Certificateholders under the Agreement. Such Definitive Certificates will be
issued in minimum denominations of $1,000, except that any beneficial ownership
represented by a Book-Entry Certificate in an amount less than $1,000
immediately prior to the issuance of a Definitive Certificate shall be issued in
a minimum denomination equal to the amount of such beneficial ownership.
INTEREST DISTRIBUTIONS
Distributions in respect of interest will be made on each Distribution Date
(i) to the holders of the Senior Certificates, other than the Class PO
Certificates, and, on the first Distribution Date, to the holders of the
Residual Certificates, in an aggregate
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amount equal to the Senior Interest Distribution Amount and (ii) to the holders
of the Subordinate Certificates, in an aggregate amount equal to the Subordinate
Interest Distribution Amount, to the extent of the portion of the Available
Distribution Amount remaining after the distribution on such date of the Senior
Interest Distribution Amount and the Senior Principal Distribution Amount. The
Class PO Certificates do not bear interest. The Senior Interest Distribution
Amount on each Distribution Date is equal to the aggregate of the Interest
Distribution Amounts for such Distribution Date on all of the Senior
Certificates and, for the first Distribution Date, the Residual Certificates.
The Subordinate Interest Distribution Amount on each Distribution Date is equal
to the aggregate of the Interest Distribution Amounts for such Distribution Date
on all of the Subordinate Certificates.
Distributions of the Subordinate Interest Distribution Amount on each
Distribution Date will be made first, to the holders of the Class B-1
Certificates, second to the holders of the Class B-2 Certificates, third to the
holders of the Class B-3 Certificates, and then to the holders of the remaining
classes of Subordinate Certificates, in each case to the extent of available
funds and in each case to the extent of the Interest Distribution Amount for
such Certificates for such Distribution Date.
The Interest Distribution Amount for the Certificates of any class, other
than the Class PO Certificates, on any Distribution Date is equal to interest
accrued during the related Interest Accrual Period on the Certificate Principal
Balance or Notional Amount, as applicable, of such Certificates immediately
prior to such Distribution Date at the then applicable Pass-Through Rate for
such class, plus, in the case of each such class, any such amount remaining
unpaid from previous Distribution Dates, and reduced, in the case of each such
class (to not less than zero), by the allocable share for such class of
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls (to the extent not covered by Compensating
Interest paid by the Servicer) and certain other interest shortfalls described
below. Any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls for any Distribution Date (to the
extent not covered by Compensating Interest paid by the Servicer) will be
allocated among the holders of the Certificates, other than the Class PO
Certificates, on a PRO RATA basis, based on the respective amounts of interest
accrued on such Certificates for such Distribution Date. In addition, any
shortfalls resulting from the application of the Relief Act will be allocated to
all of the Certificates, other than the Class PO Certificates, on a PRO RATA
basis as described above.
The Interest Accrual Period for any Distribution Date is the one-month
period preceding the month in which such Distribution Date occurs. All
distributions of interest will be based on a 360-day year consisting of twelve
30-day months. Except as otherwise described herein, on any Distribution Date,
distributions of the Interest Distribution Amount for a class of Certificates
will be made in respect of such class of Certificates, to the extent provided
herein, on a PARI PASSU basis, based on the Certificate Principal Balance or
Notional Amount, as applicable, of the Certificates of each such class.
The Certificate Principal Balance of a Certificate outstanding at any time
represents the then maximum amount that the holder thereof is thereafter
entitled to receive as distributions allocable to principal from the cash flow
on the Mortgage Loans and the other assets in the Trust Fund. The Certificate
Principal Balance of any class of Certificates, other than the Class XS
Certificates, as of any date of determination is equal to the initial
Certificate Principal Balance thereof, reduced by the aggregate of (a) all
amounts allocable to principal previously distributed with respect to such
Certificate and (b) any reductions in the Certificate Principal Balance thereof
deemed to have occurred in connection with allocations thereto of (i) losses on
the Mortgage Loans and (ii) Extraordinary Trust Fund Expenses, as described
below. The Notional Amount of the Class XS Certificates as of any date of
determination is equal to the aggregate outstanding principal balances of all of
the Mortgage Loans as of such date.
PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTIONS ON THE SENIOR CERTIFICATES
Distributions in respect of principal on each Distribution Date will be
made to the holders of the class or classes of the Senior Certificates, other
than the Class XS Certificates, then entitled to distributions in respect of
principal, and to the holders of the Residual Certificates on the first
Distribution Date only, in an aggregate amount equal to the Senior Principal
Distribution Amount. With respect to each Distribution Date, the Senior
Principal Distribution Amount is equal to the sum of the Non-PO Senior Principal
Distribution Amount and the PO Senior Principal Distribution Amount (each as
defined below).
Holders of the Class A Certificates then entitled to distributions in
respect of principal, and on the first Distribution Date the Residual
Certificates, will be entitled to receive on each Distribution Date, to the
extent of the Available Distribution Amount remaining after distribution of the
Senior Interest Distribution Amount and the PO Senior Principal Distribution
Amount on such date, distributions allocable to principal in reduction of the
Certificate Principal Balance of the Class A Certificates, and on the first
Distribution Date the Residual Certificates, equal to the sum of the following:
(i) the product of (A) the then applicable Senior Percentage and (B)
the aggregate of the following amounts:
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(1) the Non-PO Percentage of the principal portion of all
scheduled monthly payments on the Mortgage Loans due during the
related Due Period, whether or not received on or prior to the related
Determination Date;
(2) the Non-PO Percentage of the principal portion of all
proceeds of the repurchase of a Mortgage Loan (or, in the case of a
substitution, certain amounts representing a principal adjustment) as
required by the Agreement during the related Prepayment Period; and
(3) the Non-PO Percentage of the principal portion of all other
unscheduled collections (other than amounts described in clauses (ii)
and (iii) hereof), including insurance proceeds and liquidation
proceeds, received during the related Prepayment Period, to the extent
applied as recoveries of principal;
(ii) the product of (A) the then applicable Senior Prepayment
Percentage and (B) the aggregate of the Non-PO Percentage of all full and
partial principal prepayments received during the related Prepayment
Period;
(iii) with respect to the net liquidation proceeds allocable to
principal of any Mortgage Loan that was finally liquidated during the
related Prepayment Period, the least of (a) the then applicable Senior
Prepayment Percentage multiplied by the Non-PO Percentage of such net
liquidation proceeds, (b) the then applicable Senior Percentage multiplied
by the Non-PO Percentage of the Scheduled Principal Balance of such
Mortgage Loan at the time of liquidation and (c) the principal portion of
all amounts collected in connection with such final liquidation to the
extent not distributed to the Class PO Certificates; and
(iv) any amounts allocable to principal for any previous Distribution
Date (calculated pursuant to the three preceding clauses) that remain
undistributed, to the extent that any such amounts are not attributable to
Realized Losses that were allocated to the Subordinate Certificates.
With respect to any Distribution Date, the lesser of (a) the balance of
the Available Distribution Amount remaining after the Senior Interest
Distribution Amount and the PO Senior Principal Distribution Amount are
distributed and (b) the sum of the amounts described in clauses (i) through (iv)
of the immediately preceding paragraph is hereinafter referred to as the "Non-PO
Senior Principal Distribution Amount".
Holders of the Class PO Certificates will be entitled to receive on each
Distribution Date, to the extent of the Available Distribution Amount remaining
after distribution of the Senior Interest Distribution Amount on such date,
distributions allocable to principal in reduction of the Certificate Principal
Balance of the Class PO Certificates equal to the sum of the following:
(i) the aggregate of the following amounts:
(1) the PO Percentage of the principal portion of all scheduled
monthly payments on the Mortgage Loans due during the related Due
Period, whether or not received on or prior to the related
Determination Date;
(2) the PO Percentage of the principal portion of all proceeds of
the repurchase of a Mortgage Loan (or, in the case of a substitution,
certain amounts representing a principal adjustment) as required by
the Agreement during the related Prepayment Period; and
(3) the PO Percentage of the principal portion of all other
unscheduled collections (other than amounts described in clauses (ii)
and (iii) hereof), including insurance proceeds and liquidation
proceeds, received during the related Prepayment Period, to the extent
applied as recoveries of principal;
(ii) the aggregate of the PO Percentage of all full and partial
principal prepayments received during the related Prepayment Period;
(iii) with respect to any Mortgage Loan that was finally liquidated
during the related Prepayment Period, the PO Percentage of the Scheduled
Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan at the time of liquidation; and
(iv) any amounts allocable to principal for any previous Distribution
Date (calculated pursuant to the three preceding clauses) that remain
undistributed, to the extent that any such amounts are not attributable to
Realized Losses that were allocated to the Subordinate Certificates.
With respect to any Distribution Date, the lesser of (a) the balance of
the Available Distribution Amount remaining after the Senior Interest
Distribution Amount is distributed and (b) the sum of the amounts described in
clauses (i) through (iv) of the immediately preceding paragraph is hereinafter
referred to as the "PO Senior Principal Distribution Amount".
Holders of the Class XS Certificates are not entitled to receive any
distributions allocable to principal.
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With respect to each Mortgage Loan, the PO Percentage thereof is equal to
a fraction, expressed as a percentage (but not less than 0%) the numerator of
which is 7.50% minus the Net Mortgage Rate for such Mortgage Loan and the
denominator of which is 7.50%. The Non-PO Percentage for each such Mortgage Loan
will equal 100% minus the PO Percentage for such Mortgage Loan. Each Mortgage
Loan with a Net Mortgage Rate less than 7.50% per annum, and therefore a PO
Percentage greater than 0%, is sometimes referred to herein as a PO Mortgage
Loan. Each Mortgage Loan with a Net Mortgage Rate greater than or equal to 7.50%
per annum, and therefore a PO Percentage equal to 0% and a Non-PO Percentage
equal to 100%, is sometimes referred to herein as a Non-PO Mortgage Loan.
The Senior Percentage, which initially will equal approximately 94.44%,
and will in no event exceed 100%, will be adjusted for each Distribution Date to
be the percentage equal to the aggregate Certificate Principal Balances of the
Class A Certificates and Residual Certificates immediately prior to such
Distribution Date divided by the aggregate of the applicable Non-PO Percentage
of the Scheduled Principal Balance of each of the Mortgage Loans immediately
prior to such Distribution Date. The Subordinate Percentage as of any date of
determination is equal to 100% minus the Senior Percentage as of such date. The
Scheduled Principal Balance of any Mortgage Loan as of any date of determination
is equal to the principal balance thereof as of the Cut-off Date (after
application of all scheduled principal payments due on or before the Cut-off
Date, whether or not received), reduced by (x) the principal portion of all
monthly payments due on or before the date of determination, whether or not
received, (y) all amounts allocable to unscheduled principal that were received
prior to the calendar month in which the date of determination occurs, and (z)
any Bankruptcy Loss occurring out of a Deficient Valuation (as defined herein)
that was incurred prior to the calendar month in which the date of determination
occurs.
Except as described below, the Senior Prepayment Percentage for any
Distribution Date occurring prior to the Distribution Date in June 2001 will
equal 100%. Except as described below, the Senior Prepayment Percentage for any
Distribution Date occurring after the first five years will be as follows: for
any Distribution Date during the sixth year after the Closing Date, the Senior
Percentage for such Distribution Date plus 70% of the Subordinate Percentage for
such Distribution Date; for any Distribution Date during the seventh year after
the Closing Date, the Senior Percentage for such Distribution Date plus 60% of
the Subordinate Percentage for such Distribution Date; for any Distribution Date
during the eighth year after the Closing Date, the Senior Percentage for such
Distribution Date plus 40% of the Subordinate Percentage for such Distribution
Date; for any Distribution Date during the ninth year after the Closing Date,
the Senior Percentage for such Distribution Date plus 20% of the Subordinate
Percentage for such Distribution Date; and for any Distribution Date thereafter,
the Senior Percentage for such Distribution Date (unless on any such
Distribution Date the Senior Percentage exceeds the initial Senior Percentage,
in which case the Senior Prepayment Percentage for such Distribution Date will
equal 100%). Any scheduled reduction to the Senior Prepayment Percentage
described above shall not be made as of any Distribution Date unless (i) the
outstanding principal balance of Mortgage Loans delinquent 60 days or more
(including real estate owned and Mortgage Loans in foreclosure) averaged over
the last six months does not exceed 50% of the sum of the then current
Certificate Principal Balances of the Subordinate Certificates and (ii) Realized
Losses on the Mortgage Loans to date are less than the then applicable Trigger
Amount. The Trigger Amount for any Distribution Date occurring after the first
five years will be as follows: for any Distribution Date during the sixth year
after the Closing Date, 30% of the initial sum of the Certificate Principal
Balances of the Subordinate Certificates; for any Distribution Date during the
seventh year after the Closing Date, 40% of the initial sum of the Certificate
Principal Balances of the Subordinate Certificates; for any Distribution Date
during the eighth year after the Closing Date, 45% of the initial sum of the
Certificate Principal Balances of the Subordinate Certificates; and for any
Distribution Date during the ninth year after the Closing Date, 50% of the
initial sum of the Certificate Principal Balances of the Subordinate
Certificates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon reduction of the Certificate
Principal Balances of the Senior Certificates to zero, the Senior Prepayment
Percentage will equal 0%.
The disproportionate allocation of certain unscheduled payments in respect
of principal will have the effect of accelerating the amortization of the Senior
Certificates while, in the absence of Realized Losses, increasing the respective
percentage interest in the principal balance of the Mortgage Loans evidenced by
the Subordinate Certificates. Increasing the respective percentage interest of
the Subordinate Certificates relative to that of the Senior Certificates is
intended to preserve the availability of the subordination provided by the
Subordinate Certificates.
If on any Distribution Date the allocation to the Senior Certificates of
full and partial principal prepayments and other amounts in the percentage
required above would reduce the aggregate outstanding Certificate Principal
Balance of the Senior Certificates below zero, the Senior Prepayment Percentage
for such Distribution Date will be limited to the percentage necessary to reduce
the aggregate Certificate Principal Balance of the Senior Certificates to zero.
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For purposes of all principal distributions described above and for
calculating the Senior Percentage, the Subordinate Percentage and the Senior
Prepayment Percentage, the applicable Certificate Principal Balance for any
Distribution Date shall be determined after the allocation of losses on the
Mortgage Loans in, and Extraordinary Trust Fund Expenses attributable to, the
Mortgage Pool to be made on such Distribution Date as described under
"-Allocation of Losses; Subordination" below.
PRIORITY OF PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTIONS ON THE CLASS
A CERTIFICATES AND RESIDUAL CERTIFICATES
Distributions of the Non-PO Senior Principal Distribution Amount on the
Class A Certificates and Residual Certificates on each Distribution Date will be
made as follows:
(i) First, to the holders of the Residual Certificates on the
Distribution Date in June 1996, an amount equal to the entire Certificate
Principal Balance thereof;
(ii) Second, to the holders of the Class A-7 Certificates in an amount
equal to the Class A-7 Senior Principal Distribution Amount (as defined
below);
(iii) Third, concurrently, to the holders of the Class A-1
Certificates and the Class A-2 Certificates in the proportions of
25.0018751406% and 74.9981248594%, respectively, until the Certificate
Principal Balance of the Class A-2 Certificates has been reduced to zero;
(iv) Fourth, concurrently, to the holders of the Class A-1
Certificates and the Class A-3 Certificates in the proportions of
25.0018751406% and 74.9981248594%, respectively, until the Certificate
Principal Balance of the Class A-3 Certificates has been reduced to zero;
(v) Fifth, concurrently, to the holders of the Class A-1 Certificates
and the Class A-4 Certificates in the proportions of 25.0018751406% and
74.9981248594%, respectively, until the Certificate Principal Balance of
each such class of Certificates has been reduced to zero;
(vi) Sixth, to the holders of the Class A-5 Certificates, until the
Certificate Principal Balance of such class of Certificates has been
reduced to zero;
(vii) Seventh, to the holders of the Class A-6 Certificates, until the
Certificate Principal Balance of such class of Certificates has been
reduced to zero; and
(viii) Eighth, to the holders of the Class A-7 Certificates, until the
Certificate Principal Balance of such class of Certificates has been
reduced to zero.
Notwithstanding the foregoing priorities, upon the reduction of the
Certificate Principal Balances of the Subordinate Certificates to zero, the
priority of distributions of principal among the Class A Certificates will be
disregarded and distributions allocable to principal will be paid on each
succeeding Distribution Date to holders of the Class A Certificates, on a PRO
RATA basis, based on the Certificate Principal Balances thereof.
With respect to any Distribution Date, the Class A-7 Senior Principal
Distribution Amount is equal to the sum of the following:
(i) the product of (A) the then applicable Class A-7 Percentage and
(B) the aggregate of the following amounts:
(1) the Non-PO Percentage of the principal portion of all
scheduled monthly payments on the Mortgage Loans due during the
related Due Period, whether or not received on or prior to the related
Determination Date;
(2) the Non-PO Percentage of the principal portion of all proceeds
of the repurchase of a Mortgage Loan (or, in the case of a
substitution, certain amounts representing a principal adjustment) as
required by the Agreement during the related Prepayment Period; and
(3) the Non-PO Percentage of the principal portion of all other
unscheduled collections (other than amounts described in clauses (ii)
and (iii) hereof), including insurance proceeds and liquidation
proceeds, received during the related Prepayment Period, to the extent
applied as recoveries of principal;
(ii) the product of (A) the then applicable Class A-7 Prepayment
Percentage and (B) the aggregate of the Non-PO Percentage of all full and
partial principal prepayments received during the related Prepayment
Period;
(iii) with respect to the net liquidation proceeds allocable to
principal of any Mortgage Loan that was finally liquidated during the
related Prepayment Period, the lesser of (a) the then applicable Class A-7
Percentage multiplied by the Non-PO
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Percentage of the Scheduled Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan at the
time of liquidation and (b) an amount (but not less than zero) equal to
(I) the amount of such net liquidation proceeds minus (II) the product of
(x) a percentage equal to the then applicable Senior Percentage minus the
then applicable Class A-7 Percentage multiplied by (y) the Non-PO
Percentage of the Scheduled Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan at the
time of liquidation minus (III) the amount distributable to the Class PO
Certificates in respect of such net liquidation proceeds pursuant to
clause (iii) of the definition of PO Senior Principal Distribution Amount;
and
(iv) any amounts allocable to principal for any previous Distribution
Date (calculated pursuant to the three preceding clauses) that remain
undistributed, to the extent that any such amounts are not attributable to
Realized Losses that were allocated to the Subordinate Certificates.
The Class A-7 Percentage initially will equal approximately 10.12%, and
will in no event exceed 100%, and will be adjusted for each Distribution Date to
be the percentage equal to the Certificate Principal Balance of the Class A-7
Certificates immediately prior to such Distribution Date divided by the
aggregate of the applicable Non-PO Percentage of the Scheduled Principal Balance
of each of the Mortgage Loans immediately prior to such Distribution Date.
The Class A-7 Prepayment Percentage for any Distribution Date occurring
prior to the Distribution Date in June 2001 will equal 0%. The Class A-7
Prepayment Percentage for any Distribution Date occurring after the first five
years will be as follows: for any Distribution Date during the sixth year after
the Closing Date, 30% of the Class A-7 Priority Percentage for such Distribution
Date; for any Distribution Date during the seventh year after the Closing Date,
40% of the Class A-7 Priority Percentage for such Distribution Date; for any
Distribution Date during the eighth year after the Closing Date, 60% of the
Class A-7 Priority Percentage for such Distribution Date; for any Distribution
Date during the ninth year after the Closing Date, 80% of the Class A-7 Priority
Percentage for such Distribution Date; and for any Distribution Date thereafter,
the Class A-7 Priority Percentage for such Distribution Date. The Class A-7
Priority Percentage for any Distribution Date is equal to the Senior Prepayment
Percentage for such Distribution Date multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of
which is the Class A-7 Percentage for such Distribution Date and the denominator
of which is the Senior Percentage for such Distribution Date.
PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION ON THE SUBORDINATE CERTIFICATES
Holders of each class of Subordinate Certificates will be entitled to
receive on each Distribution Date, to the extent of the portion of the Available
Distribution Amount remaining after distribution on such date of the Senior
Interest Distribution Amount, the Senior Principal Distribution Amount and the
Subordinate Interest Distribution Amount, distributions allocable to principal
in reduction of the Certificate Principal Balances thereof equal to the sum of
the following:
(i) the product of (A) the then applicable related Class B Percentage
and (B) the aggregate of the following amounts:
(1) the Non-PO Percentage of the principal portion of all
scheduled monthly payments on the Mortgage Loans due during the
related Due Period, whether or not received on or prior to the related
Determination Date;
(2) the Non-PO Percentage of the principal portion of all
proceeds of the repurchase of a Mortgage Loan (or, in the case of a
substitution, certain amounts representing a principal adjustment) as
required by the Agreement during the related Prepayment Period; and
(3) the Non-PO Percentage of the principal portion of all other
unscheduled collections (other than amounts described in clauses (ii)
and (iii) hereof), including insurance proceeds and liquidation
proceeds, received during the related Prepayment Period, to the extent
applied as recoveries of principal;
(ii) the portion allocable to such class of Subordinate Certificates,
as described below, of the product of (A) the then applicable Subordinate
Prepayment Percentage and (B) the aggregate of the Non-PO Percentage of
all full and partial principal prepayments received during the related
Prepayment Period;
(iii) the portion allocable to such class of Subordinate Certificates,
as described below, of net liquidation proceeds allocable to principal of
any Mortgage Loan that was finally liquidated during the related
Prepayment Period, to the extent of the amount, if any, by which such net
liquidation proceeds exceed the amount distributable to the Class A
Certificates and Class PO Certificates in respect of such net liquidation
proceeds pursuant to clause (iii) of the definition of Non-PO Senior
Principal Distribution Amount and clause (iii) of the definition of PO
Senior Principal Distribution Amount; and
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<PAGE>
(iv) any amounts allocable to principal for any previous Distribution
Date (calculated pursuant to the three preceding clauses) that remain
undistributed, to the extent that any such amounts are not attributable to
Realized Losses that were allocated to classes of the Subordinate
Certificates bearing a higher numerical designation.
With respect to any Distribution Date, the lesser of (a) the balance of
the Available Distribution Amount remaining after the distribution of the Senior
Interest Distribution Amount, the Senior Principal Distribution Amount and the
Subordinate Interest Distribution Amount and (b) the aggregate of the sum for
each class of Subordinate Certificates of the amounts described in clauses (i)
through (iv) of the immediately preceding paragraph is hereinafter referred to
as the "Subordinate Principal Distribution Amount".
The Class B Percentage for the Class B-1 Certificates, the Class B-2
Certificates, the Class B-3 Certificates, the Class B-4 Certificates, the Class
B-5 Certificates and the Class B-6 Certificates (with respect to each such
class, the related "Class B Percentage") initially will equal approximately
2.02%, 1.52%, 0.96%, 0.45%, 0.20% and 0.41%, respectively, and will in no event
exceed 100%, and will be adjusted for each Distribution Date to be the
percentage equal to the Certificate Principal Balance of the related class of
Subordinate Certificates immediately prior to such Distribution Date divided by
the aggregate of the applicable Non-PO Percentage of the Scheduled Principal
Balance of each of the Mortgage Loans immediately prior to such Distribution
Date. The Subordinate Prepayment Percentage for any Distribution Date will equal
100% minus the Senior Prepayment Percentage.
On any Distribution Date, the portion of (a) all principal prepayments on
the Mortgage Loans and (b) net liquidation proceeds allocable to principal of
any Mortgage Loan that was finally liquidated during the related Prepayment
Period in each case not included in the Senior Principal Distribution Amount
will be allocated on a PRO RATA basis among the following classes of Subordinate
Certificates in proportion to the respective outstanding Certificate Principal
Balances thereof: (i) the Class B-1 Certificates, (ii) the Class B-2
Certificates, if on such Distribution Date the aggregate percentage interest in
the Trust Fund evidenced by the Class B-2 Certificates, the Class B-3
Certificates, the Class B-4 Certificates, the Class B-5 Certificates and the
Class B-6 Certificates equals or exceeds 3.50% before giving effect to
distributions on such Distribution Date, (iii) the Class B-3 Certificates, if on
such Distribution Date the aggregate percentage interest in the Trust Fund
evidenced by the Class B-3 Certificates, the Class B-4 Certificates, the Class
B-5 Certificates and the Class B-6 Certificates equals or exceeds 2.00% before
giving effect to distributions on such Distribution Date, (iv) the Class B-4
Certificates, if on such Distribution Date the percentage interest in the Trust
Fund evidenced by the Class B-4 Certificates, the Class B-5 Certificates and the
Class B-6 Certificates equals or exceeds 1.05% before giving effect to
distributions on such Distribution Date, (v) the Class B-5 Certificates, if on
such Distribution Date the percentage interest in the Trust Fund evidenced by
the Class B-5 Certificates and the Class B-6 Certificates equals or exceeds
0.60% before giving effect to distributions on such Distribution Date and (vi)
the Class B-6 Certificates, if on such Distribution Date the percentage interest
in the Trust Fund evidenced by the Class B-6 Certificates equals or exceeds
0.40% before giving effect to distributions on such Distribution Date.
For purposes of all principal distributions described above and for
calculating the Subordinate Percentage, the applicable Certificate Principal
Balance for any Distribution Date shall be determined after the allocation of
losses on the Mortgage Loans in, and Extraordinary Trust Fund Expenses
attributable to, the Mortgage Pool to be made on such Distribution Date as
described under "-Allocation of Losses; Subordination" below.
As stated above under "-Principal Distributions on the Senior
Certificates", for each Distribution Date occurring prior to the Distribution
Date in June 2001, the Senior Prepayment Percentage will equal 100%, and until
the earlier of such date and the date on which the Class A Certificates are paid
in full, no distributions based on principal prepayments or, in certain
instances, net liquidation proceeds, on the Mortgage Loans will be distributed
to the Subordinate Certificates. Thereafter, unless the Certificate Principal
Balances of the Senior Certificates have been reduced to zero, the Subordinate
Prepayment Percentage may continue to be 0% or otherwise be disproportionately
small relative to the Subordinate Percentage. See "-Principal Distributions on
the Senior Certificates" herein.
Distributions of the Subordinate Principal Distribution Amount on each
Distribution Date will be made as follows: first to the holders of the Class B-1
Certificates, second to the holders of the Class B-2 Certificates, third to the
holders of the Class B-3 Certificates, and then to the holders of the remaining
classes of Subordinate Certificates, in each case to the extent of available
funds and in each case to the extent of the portion of the Subordinate Principal
Distribution Amount payable in respect of each such class of Subordinate
Certificates for such Distribution Date.
P&I ADVANCES
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Subject to the following limitations, the Servicer will be obligated to
advance or cause to be advanced on or before each Distribution Date its own
funds, or funds in the Certificate Account that are not included in the
Available Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date, in an amount equal to
the aggregate of all payments of principal and interest, net of the Servicing
Fee Rate, that were due during the related Due Period and that were delinquent
on the related Determination Date (any such advance, a "P&I Advance").
P&I Advances are required to be made only to the extent they are deemed by
the Servicer to be recoverable from related late collections, insurance proceeds
or liquidation proceeds. The purpose of making such P&I Advances is to maintain
a regular cash flow to the Certificateholders, rather than to guarantee or
insure against losses. The Servicer will not be required to make any P&I
Advances with respect to reductions in the amount of the monthly payments on the
Mortgage Loans due to bankruptcy proceedings or the application of the Relief
Act.
All P&I Advances will be reimbursable to the Servicer from late
collections, insurance proceeds and liquidation proceeds from the Mortgage Loan
as to which such unreimbursed P&I Advance was made. In addition, any P&I
Advances previously made in respect of any Mortgage Loan that are deemed by the
Servicer to be nonrecoverable from related late collections, insurance proceeds
or liquidation proceeds may be reimbursed to the Servicer out of any funds in
the Certificate Account prior to the distributions on the Certificates. In the
event the Servicer fails in its obligation to make any such advance, the Trustee
will be obligated to make any such advance, to the extent required in the
Agreement.
ALLOCATION OF LOSSES; SUBORDINATION
Any Realized Losses, other than Excess Special Hazard Losses, Excess
Bankruptcy Losses, Excess Fraud Losses and Extraordinary Losses (each, as
defined herein) will be allocated on any Distribution Date as follows: first, to
the Class B-6 Certificates; second, to the Class B-5 Certificates; third, to the
Class B-4 Certificates; fourth, to the Class B-3 Certificates; fifth, to the
Class B-2 Certificates; sixth, to the Class B-1 Certificates, in each case until
the Certificate Principal Balance of such class has been reduced to zero.
Thereafter, the related Non-PO Percentage of such Realized Losses will be
allocated on any Distribution Date on a PRO RATA basis to the Class A
Certificates, and the related PO Percentage of such Realized Losses will be
allocated to the Class PO Certificates. Excess Special Hazard Losses, Excess
Bankruptcy Losses, Excess Fraud Losses and Extraordinary Losses will be
allocated on any Distribution Date among the all the Certificates, other than
the Class XS Certificates, as follows: the related PO Percentage of such
Realized Losses will be allocated to the Class PO Certificates, and the related
Non-PO Percentage of such Realized Losses will be allocated among the Class A
Certificates and the Subordinate Certificates on a PRO RATA basis. Extraordinary
Trust Fund Expenses will be allocated on any Distribution Date among all the
Certificates, other than the Class XS Certificates, on a PRO RATA basis. Any
allocation of a Realized Loss to a Certificate will be made by reducing the
Certificate Principal Balance thereof by the amount so allocated as of the
Distribution Date in the month following the calendar month in which such
Realized Loss was incurred.
An allocation of a Realized Loss on a PRO RATA basis among two or more
classes of Certificates means an allocation to each such class of Certificates
on the basis of its then outstanding Certificate Principal Balance prior to
giving effect to distributions to be made on such Distribution Date.
With respect to any defaulted Mortgage Loan that is finally liquidated
through foreclosure sale, disposition of the related Mortgaged Property if
acquired on behalf of the Certificateholders by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or
otherwise, the amount of loss realized, if any, will equal the portion of the
unpaid principal balance remaining, if any, plus interest thereon through the
last day of the month in which such Mortgage Loan was finally liquidated, after
application of all amounts recovered (net of amounts reimbursable to the
Servicer for P&I Advances and expenses, including attorneys' fees) towards
interest and principal owing on the Mortgage Loan. Such amount of loss realized
and any Special Hazard Losses, Fraud Losses, Bankruptcy Losses and Extraordinary
Losses are referred to herein as "Realized Losses".
In the event that Realized Losses are incurred that are covered by
subordination, such losses will be allocated to the most subordinate class of
Certificates then outstanding. The priorities for distribution of cash flows
described herein, in certain circumstances, may result in cash flow shortfalls
to any class of Subordinate Certificates even if it is not the most subordinate
class of Certificates then outstanding; however, the interest portion of any
such shortfall would be distributable as unpaid Interest Distribution Amount on
future Distribution Dates as cash flows allow, to the extent of available funds,
and the principal portion of any such shortfall would not result in a reduction
of the Certificate Principal Balance of such class. In such event, the
percentage interest represented by such class would increase relative to the
respective Certificate Principal Balances of the more subordinate classes of
Certificates. With respect to the most subordinate class of the Certificates
outstanding at the time any
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<PAGE>
Realized Loss is incurred, the total amount of the Realized Loss allocated to
such class may be greater than the concurrent reduction in the Certificate
Principal Balance thereof because such reduction will not reflect any
undistributed Interest Distribution Amount on such class. Such undistributed
Interest Distribution Amount on the most subordinate class of the Certificates
outstanding will not be distributable on any future Distribution Date. As a
result, it is possible that the total amount of Realized Losses that may be
allocated to any class of Subordinate Certificates may exceed the initial
Certificate Principal Balance thereof.
In order to maximize the likelihood of distribution in full of the Senior
Interest Distribution Amount and the Senior Principal Distribution Amount, on
each Distribution Date, holders of Senior Certificates have a right to
distributions of the Available Distribution Amount that is prior to the rights
of the holders of the Subordinate Certificates, to the extent necessary to
satisfy the Senior Interest Distribution Amount and the Senior Principal
Distribution Amount.
The application of the Senior Prepayment Percentage (when it exceeds the
Senior Percentage) to determine the Non-PO Senior Principal Distribution Amount
will accelerate the amortization of the Class A Certificates relative to the
actual amortization of the Mortgage Loans. The Class PO Certificates will not
receive more than the related PO Percentage of any unscheduled payment on any
Mortgage Loan. To the extent that the Class A Certificates are amortized faster
than the Mortgage Loans, in the absence of offsetting Realized Losses allocated
to the Subordinate Certificates, the percentage interest evidenced by the Class
A Certificates in the Trust Fund will be decreased (with a corresponding
increase in the percentage interest in the Trust Fund evidenced by the
Subordinate Certificates), thereby increasing, relative to their respective
Certificate Principal Balances, the subordination afforded the Senior
Certificates by the Subordinate Certificates.
Principal losses on the Mortgage Loans that are not covered by
subordination will be allocated to the Class PO Certificates only to the extent
they occur on PO Mortgage Loans and only to the extent of the related PO
Percentage of each such loss. Such allocation of principal losses on the PO
Mortgage Loans may result in such losses being allocated to the Certificates
other than the Class PO Certificates in an amount that is greater or less than
would have been the case had such losses been allocated to the Class PO
Certificates in proportion to the Certificate Principal Balance of the Class PO
Certificates. On any Distribution Date, the Class A Certificates will bear the
entire amount of losses that are not allocated to the Subordinate Certificates,
other than the amount allocable to the Class PO Certificates.
The aggregate amount of Realized Losses which may be allocated in
connection with Special Hazard Losses (the "Special Hazard Amount") through
subordination shall initially be equal to approximately $1,984,376. As of any
date of determination following the Cut-off Date, the Special Hazard Amount
shall equal approximately $1,984,376 less the sum of (A) any amounts allocated
through subordination in respect of Special Hazard Losses and (B) the Adjustment
Amount. The Adjustment Amount will be equal to an amount calculated pursuant to
the terms of the Agreement.
The aggregate amount of Realized Losses incurred on defaulted Mortgage
Loans as to which there was fraud in the origination of such Mortgage Loan
("Fraud Losses") which may be allocated through subordination (the "Fraud Loss
Amount") shall initially be equal to approximately $2,994,003. As of any date of
determination after the Cut-off Date, the Fraud Loss Amount shall equal (X)
prior to the first anniversary of the Cut-off Date an amount equal to the
initial Fraud Loss Amount minus the aggregate amounts allocated through
subordination with respect to Fraud Losses up to such date of determination and
(Y) from the first to the fifth anniversary of the Cut-off Date, an amount equal
to (1) the lesser of (a) the Fraud Loss Amount as of the most recent anniversary
of the Cut-off Date, and (b) 1.00% of the aggregate principal balance of all of
the Mortgage Loans as of the most recent anniversary of the Cut-off Date minus
(2) the aggregate amounts allocated through subordination with respect to Fraud
Losses since the most recent anniversary of the Cut-off Date up to such date of
determination. On and after the fifth anniversary of the Cut-off Date, the Fraud
Loss Amount shall be zero and Fraud Losses shall not be allocated through
subordination.
The aggregate amount of Realized Losses which may be allocated in
connection with Bankruptcy Losses (the "Bankruptcy Amount") through
subordination will initially be equal to $100,000. As of any date of
determination, the Bankruptcy Amount shall equal the initial Bankruptcy Amount
less the sum of any amounts allocated through subordination for such losses up
to such date of determination.
The Special Hazard Amount, Fraud Amount and Bankruptcy Amount may be
reduced or modified upon confirmation from S&P and Fitch that such reduction or
modification will not adversely affect the then-current ratings assigned to the
Offered Certificates rated thereby. Such a reduction or modification may
adversely affect the coverage provided by the subordination with respect to
Special Hazard Losses, Fraud Losses and Bankruptcy Losses.
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<PAGE>
A "Special Hazard Loss" is a loss incurred in respect of any defaulted
Mortgage Loan as a result of direct physical loss or damage to the Mortgaged
Property (except as a result of the exclusions described below), which is not
insured against under the standard hazard insurance policy or blanket policy
insuring against hazard losses which the Servicer is required to cause to be
maintained on each Mortgage Loan. See "Description of Primary Insurance Policies
Primary Hazard Insurance Policies" in the Prospectus.
Special Hazard Losses will not include any loss (an "Extraordinary Loss")
resulting from:
(i) wear and tear, deterioration, rust or corrosion, mold, wet or dry
rot; inherent vice or latent defect; animals, birds, vermin, insects;
(ii) smog, smoke, vapor, liquid or dust discharge from agricultural or
industrial operations; pollution; contamination;
(iii) settling, subsidence, cracking, shrinkage, bulging or expansion
of pavements, foundations, walls, floors, roofs or ceilings;
(iv) errors in design, faulty workmanship or faulty materials, unless
the collapse of the property or a part thereof ensues and then only for
the ensuing loss;
(v) nuclear or chemical reaction or nuclear radiation or radioactive
or chemical contamination, all whether controlled or uncontrolled and
whether such loss be direct or indirect, proximate or remote or be in
whole or in part caused by, contributed to or aggravated by a peril
covered by the definition of the term "Special Hazard Loss";
(vi) hostile or warlike action in time of peace or war, including
action in hindering, combating or defending against an actual, impending
or expected attack by any government or sovereign power, de jure or de
facto, or by any authority maintaining or using military, naval or air
forces, or by military, naval or air forces, or by an agent of any such
government, power, authority or forces;
(vii) any weapon of war employing atomic fission or radioactive forces
whether in time of peace or war; and
(viii) insurrection, rebellion, revolution, civil war, usurped power
or action taken by governmental authority in hindering, combating or
defending against such an occurrence, seizure or destruction under
quarantine or customs regulations, confiscation by order of any government
or public authority, or risks of contraband or illegal transactions or
trade.
"Excess Special Hazard Losses" are Special Hazard Losses in excess of the
Special Hazard Limit.
"Fraud Losses" are losses sustained by reason of a default arising from
fraud, dishonesty or misrepresentation in connection with the origination or
application for insurance of the related Mortgage Loan, including a loss by
reason of the denial of coverage under any related Primary Mortgage Insurance
Policy because of such fraud, dishonesty or misrepresentation.
"Excess Fraud Losses" are Fraud Losses in excess of the Fraud Loss Amount.
A "Bankruptcy Loss" is a Deficient Valuation or a Debt Service Reduction.
With respect to any Mortgage Loan, a "Deficient Valuation" is a valuation by a
court of competent jurisdiction of the Mortgaged Property in an amount less than
the then outstanding indebtedness under the Mortgage Loan, which valuation
results from a proceeding initiated under the United States Bankruptcy Code. A
"Debt Service Reduction" is any reduction in the amount which a mortgagor is
obligated to pay on a monthly basis with respect to a Mortgage Loan as a result
of any proceeding initiated under the United States Bankruptcy Code, other than
a reduction attributable to a Deficient Valuation.
"Excess Bankruptcy Losses" are Bankruptcy Losses in excess of the
Bankruptcy Limit.
An "Extraordinary Trust Fund Expense" is an unanticipated, non-Mortgage
Loan specific Trust Fund expense, including certain reimbursements to the
Servicer or Depositor described in the Prospectus under "Description of the
Certificates-Certain Matters Regarding the Servicer and the Depositor", certain
reimbursements to the Trustee described under "Pooling and Servicing
Agreement-The Trustee" herein and certain taxes that may be payable by the Trust
Fund as described herein under "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences".
RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OF THE SUBORDINATE CERTIFICATES
AND RESIDUAL CERTIFICATES
Because the Subordinate Certificates are subordinate to the Senior
Certificates, the Subordinate Certificates of any class may not be purchased by
or transferred to a Plan (as defined herein) except upon the delivery of a
certification of facts or an opinion of counsel, as provided herein. The
Residual Certificates may not be purchased by or transferred to a Plan. See
"ERISA
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<PAGE>
Considerations" herein. In addition, the Residual Certificates will be subject
to certain additional restrictions described under "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-Special Tax Considerations Applicable to the Residual Certificates"
herein and "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences-REMICs-Tax on Transfers of
REMIC Residual Certificates to Certain Organizations" and "-Taxation of Owners
of REMIC Residual Certificates-Noneconomic REMIC Residual Certificates" in the
Prospectus.
POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT
GENERAL
The Certificates will be issued pursuant to the Agreement, a form of which
is filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. A Current Report on Form
8-K relating to the Certificates containing a copy of the Agreement as executed
will be filed by the Depositor with the Securities and Exchange Commission
within fifteen days of initial issuance of the Certificates. The Trust Fund
created under the Agreement will consist of (i) the Mortgage Loans, (ii) all
payments on or collections in respect of the Mortgage Loans due after the
Cut-off Date, together with any proceeds thereof, (iii) any Mortgaged Properties
acquired on behalf of Certificateholders by foreclosure or by deed in lieu of
foreclosure, and any revenues received thereon, (iv) the rights of the Trustee
under all insurance policies required to be maintained pursuant to the Agreement
and (v) the rights of the Depositor under the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreement
between the Depositor and Norwest. Reference is made to the Prospectus for
important information in addition to that set forth herein regarding the Trust
Fund, the terms and conditions of the Agreement and the Offered Certificates.
The Offered Certificates will be transferable and exchangeable at the corporate
trust offices of the Trustee, located in Brooklyn, New York. The Depositor will
provide to a prospective or actual Certificateholder without charge, on written
request, a copy (without exhibits) of the Agreement. Requests should be
addressed to the Secretary, Salomon Brothers Mortgage Securities VII, Inc.,
Seven World Trade Center, New York, New York 10048.
ASSIGNMENT OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS
The Depositor will deliver to the Trustee or to a custodian with respect
to each Mortgage Loan (i) the mortgage note endorsed without recourse to the
Trustee to reflect the transfer of the Mortgage Loan, (ii) the original mortgage
with evidence of recording indicated thereon and (iii) an assignment of the
mortgage in recordable form to the Trustee, reflecting the transfer of the
Mortgage Loan. Such assignments of mortgage loans are required to be recorded by
or on behalf of the Depositor in the appropriate offices for real property
records.
THE SERVICER
Norwest will act as servicer of the Mortgage Loans pursuant to the
Agreement (in such capacity, the "Servicer"). The Servicer is referred to as the
"Master Servicer" in the Prospectus. The executive offices of Norwest are
located at 405 S.W. 5th Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50309, telephone number (515)
221-7300. The following table sets forth the number and dollar amount of
Norwest's residential mortgage loan production for the periods indicated.
While the following delinquency and foreclosure experience represents
Norwest's experience, for the portfolio of conventional loans serviced by
Norwest, for the periods indicated, there can be no assurance that the
delinquency and foreclosure experience on the Mortgage Loans will be similar.
The information should not be considered as a basis for assessing the
likelihood, amount or severity of delinquency or losses on the Mortgage Loans.
Due to the recent acquisition by Norwest of substantially all of the assets of
Prudential Home Mortgage Company, Inc., information as of or for the quarter
ended March 31, 1996, is unavailable.
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DELINQUENCY AND FORECLOSURE EXPERIENCE
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
1993 1994 1995
------ ------ -----
LOANS DELINQUENCY LOANS DELINQUENCY LOANS DELINQUENCY
% % %
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Total Portfolio Serviced..... 266,346 391,838 555,855
Period of Delinquency
30 to 59 days............. 2,275 0.86% 5,271 1.34% 8,397 1.51%
60 to 89 days............. 355 0.13% 924 0.24% 1,653 0.30%
90 days or more........... 209 0.08% 778 0.20% 1,476 0.26%
===== ==== ===== ==== ====== ====
Total Delinquent Loans....... 2,839 1.07% 6,973 1.78% 11,526 2.07%
----- ---- ----- ---- ------ ----
Foreclosed Loans............. 833 0.31% 1,717 0.44% 2,312 0.42%
</TABLE>
The following table presents, for the portfolio of conventional loans
serviced by Norwest, the net losses by dollar amount and as a percentage of the
principal amount of such portfolio on the disposition of properties acquired in
foreclosure or by deedin-lieu of foreclosure during the periods indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
LOSS EXPERIENCE
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1993 1994 1995
------ ------ -----
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total conventional portfolio principal amount................ $23,911,322 $35,812,884 $54,275,082
Net losses................................................... $2,647 $2,693 $4,769
Net losses as a percentage of total conventional portfolio
principal amount........................................... 0.011% 0.008% 0.009%
</TABLE>
The information set forth herein concerning Norwest (including the data in
the foregoing tables) has been provided by Norwest. Accordingly, no
representations are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such information.
THE TRUSTEE
The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A., national banking association, will act as
trustee for the Certificates pursuant to the Agreement (the "Trustee"). As
provided in the Agreement and as described herein, the Trustee and not the
Servicer will generally perform all Certificate-level administrative functions.
The Trustee's offices for notices under the Agreement are located at Four Chase
MetroTech Center, 3rd Floor, Brooklyn, New York 11245, and its telephone number
is (718) 242-3159.
The principal compensation to be paid to the Trustee in respect of its
obligations under the Agreement will be equal to accrued interest at the
Trustee' Fee Rate of 0.0075% per annum on the Scheduled Principal Balance of
each Mortgage Loan. The Agreement will provide that the Trustee and any
director, officer, employee or agent of the Trustee will be indemnified by the
Trust Fund and will be held harmless against any loss, liability or expense
incurred in connection with any pending or threatened legal action relating to
the Agreement or the Certificates or relating to the performance of the
Trustee's duties under the Agreement, other than any loss, liability or expense
(i) resulting from a violation of the Servicer's standard of care as set forth
in the Agreement, (ii) that constitutes a specific liability of the Trustee
under the Agreement or (iii) incurred by reason of willful misfeasance, bad
faith or negligence in the performance of the Trustee's duties under the
Agreement or as a result of a breach, or by reason of reckless disregard, of the
Trustee's obligations and duties under the Agreement.
SERVICING AND OTHER COMPENSATION AND PAYMENT OF EXPENSES
The principal compensation to be paid to the Servicer in respect of its
master servicing activities for the Certificates will be equal to accrued
interest at the Servicing Fee Rate of 0.25% per annum with respect to each
Mortgage Loan on the Scheduled Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan (the
"Servicing Fee"). The Servicer will receive a management fee in an amount equal
to $150 per month in lieu of any Servicing Fee with respect to each Mortgage
Loan where the related Mortgaged Property is acquired by the Trustee through
foreclosure or otherwise. As additional servicing compensation, the Servicer is
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<PAGE>
entitled to retain all assumption fees, prepayment penalties and late payment
charges, to the extent collected from mortgagors, together with any interest or
other income earned on funds held in the Certificate Account and any escrow
accounts. The Servicer is obligated to offset any interest shortfalls
attributable to full and partial prepayments by the mortgagors on the Mortgage
Loans to the extent of the aggregate of its Servicing Fees for all of the
Mortgage Loans (but exclusive of any management fees with respect to Mortgaged
Properties as described above) for the related month. The Servicer is obligated
to pay certain insurance premiums and certain ongoing expenses associated with
the Mortgage Pool and incurred by the Servicer in connection with its
responsibilities under the Agreement and is entitled to reimbursement therefor
as provided in the Agreement. See "Description of the Certificates-Retained
Interest; Servicing or Administration Compensation and Payment of Expenses" in
the Prospectus for information regarding expenses payable by the Servicer and
"Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences" herein regarding certain taxes payable
by the Servicer.
SALE OF DEFAULTED MORTGAGE LOANS
If consent to the operation of the provisions described below shall have
been given by the Servicer, then with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is
delinquent in excess of the number of days provided in the Agreement, (i) the
holder of a majority in Percentage Interest of the Class B-6 Certificates (the
"Directing Holder") may direct the Servicer to commence foreclosure and (ii)
prior to commencement of foreclosure of any Mortgage Loan, the Servicer will
notify the Directing Holder of such proposed foreclosure in order to permit the
Directing Holder the right to instruct the Servicer to delay the proposed
foreclosure. In the case of the exercise by the Directing Holder of the right to
direct the Servicer pursuant to clause (ii) above, the Directing Holder will
provide to the Servicer an appraisal of the related Mortgaged Property (the
"Loan Appraisal"). Within two business days of instructing the Servicer to
commence or delay foreclosure, the Directing Holder will deposit in a segregated
account maintained with the Servicer (the "Collateral Account") for the benefit
of the Certificateholders an amount equal to 125% of the Valuation (as defined
below) of the related Mortgage Loan plus three months' interest at the related
Mortgage Rate. While foreclosure is delayed pursuant to the direction of the
Directing Holder, the Directing Holder may direct the Servicer to proceed with
foreclosure at anytime.
With respect to any election by the Directing Holder to delay foreclosure,
the "Valuation" of any Mortgage Loan shall be the greater of the outstanding
principal balance thereof and the fair market value thereof as provided in the
related Loan Appraisal. With respect to any election by the Directing Holder to
commence foreclosure, the "Valuation" of any Mortgage Loan shall equal the
outstanding principal balance thereof.
Upon the liquidation of the related Mortgage Loan or the disposition of
the related Mortgaged Property in accordance with the requirements set forth in
the Agreement, the Servicer will calculate the amount, if any, by which the
Valuation exceeds the actual sales price obtained for the related Mortgage Loan
or the Mortgaged Property, as the case may be, and the Servicer will withdraw
the amount of such excess from the Collateral Account and deposit such amount
into the Certificate Account. If the amount realized pursuant to the
above-described procedures exceeds the Valuation, the Servicer will deposit
immediately upon realization from such proceeds such excess into the Certificate
Account. The Servicer shall apply all such amounts as additional liquidation
proceeds pursuant to the Agreement. If any election to delay foreclosure is to
be extended for a period in excess of three months from the Directing Holder's
direction to the Servicer to delay foreclosure, the Directing Holder will be
required to deposit in the Collateral Account in advance the amount of each
additional month's interest at the related Mortgage Rate. If the above-described
procedures do not result in the Mortgage Loan being brought current within six
months of the Directing Holder's direction to the Servicer to delay foreclosure,
the Directing Holder will be required to either (i) purchase the Mortgage Loan
for a purchase price equal to the fair market value thereof as shown on the Loan
Appraisal or (ii) allow the Servicer to proceed with the commencement of
foreclosure. Should the Directing Holder elect to purchase the Mortgage Loan,
the Servicer will first apply funds on deposit in the Collateral Account towards
such purchase price; any shortage will be paid by the Directing Holder and any
excess will be returned to it.
With respect to any Mortgage Loan as to which the Directing Holder has
directed the Servicer to commence foreclosure or to delay foreclosure, the
Servicer may withdraw from the Collateral Account from time to time amounts
necessary to reimburse the Servicer for all P&I Advances and servicing advances
in accordance with the Agreement. In the event that the related Mortgage Loan is
brought current, the amounts so withdrawn from the Collateral Account by the
Servicer as reimbursement for P&I Advances or servicing advances shall be
redeposited therein by the Servicer and the Servicer shall be reimbursed as
otherwise provided in the Agreement. Following foreclosure, liquidation,
disposition or the bringing current of the related Mortgage Loan, as applicable,
all amounts remaining in the Collateral Account will be released to the
Directing Holder. In the event that amounts on deposit in the Collateral Account
are insufficient to cover the withdrawals that the Servicer is
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entitled to make for P&I Advances, servicing advances or for deposit into the
Certificate Account, the Directing Holder will be obligated to pay such amounts
to the Servicer for deposit into the Collateral Account. The Directing Holder
may direct that amounts on deposit in the Collateral Account be invested in
Permitted Investments. Interest or other income earned on funds in the
Collateral Account will be paid to the Directing Holder and the amount of any
loss on such funds will be immediately deposited into the Collateral Account by
the Directing Holder when realized. The Directing Holder will grant to the
Servicer for the benefit of the Certificateholders a security interest in the
Collateral Account, all amounts deposited therein or invested in Permitted
Investments, and all proceeds of the foregoing.
VOTING RIGHTS
At all times, 98% of all Voting Rights will be allocated among the holders
of the Certificates (other than the Class XS Certificates and the Residual
Certificates) in proportion to the then outstanding Certificate Principal
Balances of their respective Certificates, 1% of all Voting Rights will be
allocated among the holders of the Class XS Certificates in proportion to the
then outstanding Certificate Principal Balances of their respective Certificates
and 1% of all Voting Rights will be allocated among the holders of the Residual
Certificates in proportion to the percentage interests in such class evidenced
by their respective Certificates.
TERMINATION
The circumstances under which the obligations created by the Agreement
will terminate in respect of the Certificates are described in "Description of
the Certificates-Termination" in the Prospectus. The Servicer will have the
right to purchase the Mortgage Loans and any properties acquired in respect
thereof on any Distribution Date, once the aggregate principal balance of the
Mortgage Loans and such properties at the time of purchase is less than 5% of
the aggregate principal balance of the Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date. If
the Servicer elects to exercise the foregoing option, such election will effect
the termination of the Trust Fund and the early retirement of the Certificates.
In the event the Servicer exercises such option, notwithstanding the terms of
the Prospectus, the purchase price payable in connection therewith generally
will be equal to par for each Mortgage Loan and the appraised value of each
property in respect thereof so purchased. The portion of the purchase price
allocable to the Offered Certificates of each class will be, to the extent of
available funds, 100% of their then aggregate outstanding Certificate Principal
Balance (in the case of Offered Certificates other than Class XS Certificates),
plus one month's interest thereon at the Pass-Through Rate thereon together with
any previously accrued but unpaid interest thereon (in the case of Offered
Certificates other than Class PO Certificates). In the event that the Trust Fund
contains any REO Properties at such time, the repurchase of such properties at
their then fair market value may result in a shortfall in payment to certain
classes of Certificates then outstanding. In no event will the trust created by
the Agreement continue beyond the expiration of 21 years from the death of the
survivor of the person or persons named in the Agreement. See "Description of
the Certificates-Termination" in the Prospectus.
CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
Upon the issuance of the Offered Certificates, Thacher Proffitt & Wood,
counsel to the Depositor, will deliver its opinion generally to the effect that,
assuming compliance with all provisions of the Agreement, for federal income tax
purposes, the Trust Fund will qualify as a REMIC under Sections 860A through
860G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code").
For federal income tax purposes, the Residual Certificates will be the
sole class of "residual interests" in the REMIC and the Senior Certificates and
the Subordinate Certificates will be the "regular interests" in the REMIC and
will be treated as representing ownership of debt instruments of the REMIC. See
"Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences-REMIC-Classification of REMICs" in the
Prospectus.
For federal income tax reporting purposes, the Class XS Certificates, the
Class PO Certificates, the Class A-5 Certificates, the Class A-6 Certificates,
the Class A-7 Certificates, the Class B-1 Certificates, the Class B-2
Certificates and the Class B-3 Certificates will, the Class A-4 Certificates
may, and the Class A-1 Certificates, the Class A-2 Certificates and the Class
A-3 Certificates will not, be treated as having been issued with original issue
discount. The prepayment assumption that will be used in determining the rate of
accrual of original issue discount, premium and market discount, if any, for
federal income tax purposes will be based on the assumption that, subsequent to
the date of any determination, the Mortgage Loans will prepay at a rate equal to
200% SPA. No representation is made that the Mortgage Loans will prepay at that
rate or at any other rate. See
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"Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences-REMICs-Taxation of Owners of REMIC
Regular Certificates-Original Issue Discount" in the Prospectus.
The Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") has issued regulations (the "OID
Regulations") under Sections 1271 to 1275 of the Code generally addressing the
treatment of debt instruments issued with original issue discount.
If the method of computing original issue discount described in the
Prospectus results in a negative amount for any period with respect to any
Certificateholder (in particular, the Class XS Certificateholder), the amount of
original issue discount allocable to such period would be zero, and such
Certificateholder will be permitted to offset such amounts only against the
respective future income (if any) from such Certificate. Although uncertain, a
Certificateholder may be permitted to deduct a loss to the extent that his or
her respective remaining basis in such Certificate exceeds the maximum amount of
future payments to which such Certificateholder is entitled, assuming no further
prepayments of the Mortgage Loans. Although the matter is not free from doubt,
any such loss might be treated as a capital loss.
The OID Regulations in some circumstances permit the holder of a debt
instrument to recognize original issue discount under a method that differs from
that of the issuer. Accordingly, it is possible that holders of Offered
Certificates issued with original issue discount may be able to select a method
for recognizing original issue discount that differs from that used in preparing
reports to Certificateholders and the IRS. Prospective purchasers of Offered
Certificates issued with original issue discount are advised to consult their
tax advisors concerning the tax treatment of such Certificates in this regard.
Certain Classes of Certificates may be treated for federal income tax
purposes as having been issued with a premium. Certificateholders may elect to
amortize such premium under a constant yield method in which case such
amortizable premium will generally be allocated among the interest payments on
such Certificates and will be applied as an offset against such interest
payments. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences--REMICs--Taxation of
Owners of REMIC Regular Certificates--Premium" in the Prospectus.
The Offered Certificates will be treated as "qualifying real property
loans" under Section 593(d) of the Code, assets described in Section
7701(a)(19)(C) of the Code and "real estate assets" under Section 856(c)(5)(A)
of the Code, generally in the same proportion that the assets in the related
Trust Fund would be so treated. In addition, interest on the Offered
Certificates will be treated as "interest on obligations secured by mortgages on
real property" under Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code, generally to the extent
that the Offered Certificates are treated as "real estate assets" under Section
856(c)(5)(A) of the Code. It is possible that, to the extent a Certificate
represents ownership of an interest in Buydown Mortgage Loans, a portion of the
Buydown Mortgage Loans may not represent ownership of "qualifying real property
loans" under Secton 593(d) of the Code, assets described in Section
7701(a)(19)(C) of the Code and "real estate assets" under Section 856(c)(5)(A)
of the code and the interest thereon may not constitute "interest on obligations
secured by mortgages on real property" within the meaning of Section
856(c)(3)(B) of the Code. The Offered Certificates (other than the Residual
Certificates) also will be treated as "qualified mortgages" under Section
860G(a)(3) of the Code. See "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs-Characterization of Investments in REMIC Certificates" in
the Prospectus.
It is not anticipated that the Trust Fund will engage in any transactions
that would subject it to the prohibited transactions tax as defined in Section
860F(a)(2) of the Code, the contributions tax as defined in Section 860G(d) of
the Code or the tax on net income from foreclosure property as defined in
Section 860G(c) of the Code. However, in the event that any such tax is imposed
on the Trust Fund, such tax will be borne (i) by the Trustee, if the Trustee has
breached its obligations with respect to REMIC compliance under the Agreement,
(ii) by the Servicer, if the Servicer has breached its obligations with respect
to REMIC compliance under the Agreement and (iii) otherwise by the Trust Fund,
with a resulting reduction in amounts otherwise distributable to holders of the
related Offered Certificates. See "Description of the Certificates-General" and
"Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences-REMICs-Prohibited Transactions Tax and
Other Taxes" in the Prospectus.
The responsibility for filing annual federal information returns and other
reports will be borne by the Trustee. See "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs-Reporting and Other Administrative Matters" in the
Prospectus.
For further information regarding the federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Offered Certificates, see "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs" in the Prospectus.
SPECIAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS APPLICABLE TO RESIDUAL CERTIFICATES
The IRS has issued regulations under the provisions of the Code related to
REMICs (the "REMIC Regulations") that significantly affect holders of the
Residual Certificates. The REMIC Regulations will impose restrictions on the
transfer or
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acquisition of certain residual interests, including the Residual Certificates.
In addition, the REMIC Regulations contain restrictions that apply to: (i)
thrift institutions holding residual interests lacking "significant value" and
(ii) the transfer of "noneconomic" residual interests to United States persons.
The REMIC Regulations also provide that transfers of a Residual Certificate to a
non-United States person will be disregarded for tax purposes in certain cases.
Transfers of the Residual Certificates to such persons are, however, prohibited
under the Agreement. See "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs-Taxation of Owners of REMIC Residual
Certificates-Noneconomic REMIC Residual Certificates" in the Prospectus and
"ERISA Considerations" and "Description of the Certificates-Restrictions on
Transfer of the Residual Certificates" herein for additional restrictions on
transfer of the Residual Certificates.
The REMIC Regulations provide for the determination of whether a residual
interest has "significant value" for purposes of applying the rules relating to
"excess inclusions" with respect to residual interests. Based on the REMIC
Regulations, the Residual Certificates do not have significant value and,
accordingly, thrift institutions and their affiliates will be prevented from
using their unrelated losses or loss carryovers to offset any excess inclusions
with respect to the Residual Certificates, which will be in an amount equal to
all or virtually all of the taxable income includible by holders of the Residual
Certificates. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences-REMICs-Taxation of
Owners of REMIC Residual Certificates-Excess Inclusions" in the Prospectus.
The REMIC Regulations also provide that a transfer to a United States
person of "noneconomic" residual interests will be disregarded for all federal
income tax purposes, and that the purported transferor of "noneconomic" residual
interests will continue to remain liable for any taxes due with respect to the
income on such residual interests, unless "no significant purpose of the
transfer was to impede the assessment or collection of tax". Based on the REMIC
Regulations, the Residual Certificates will constitute noneconomic residual
interests during some or all of their terms for purposes of the REMIC
Regulations and, accordingly, unless no significant purpose of a transfer is to
impede the assessment or collection of tax, transfers of the Residual
Certificates may be disregarded and purported transferors may remain liable for
any taxes due with respect to the income on the Residual Certificates. All
transfers of the Residual Certificates will be subject to certain restrictions
under the terms of the Agreement that are intended to reduce the possibility of
any such transfer being disregarded to the extent that the Residual Certificates
constitute noneconomic residual interests.
MARK-TO-MARKET RULES
Prospective purchasers of Residual Certificates should be aware that on
January 3, 1995, the IRS released proposed regulations (the "Proposed
Mark-to-Market Regulations") relating to the requirement that a securities
dealer mark to market securities held for sale to customers. This mark-to-market
requirement applies to all securities owned by a dealer, except to the extent
that the dealer has specifically identified a security as held for investment.
The Proposed Mark-to-Market Regulations provide that for purposes of this
mark-to-market requirement, a REMIC Residual Certificate is not treated as a
security and thus may not be marked to market. The Proposed Mark-to-Market
Regulations apply to all REMIC Residual Certificates acquired on or after
January 4, 1995.
The holders of Residual Certificates will be required to report taxable
income and pay tax with respect to the early accrual periods of the REMIC's term
that significantly exceeds the amount of cash distributions received by such
holders from the REMIC with respect to such periods. Furthermore, the tax on
such income will exceed the cash distributions with respect to such periods.
Consequently, holders of Residual Certificates should have other sources of
funds sufficient to pay any federal income taxes due in the earlier years of the
REMIC as a result of their ownership of Residual Certificates. In addition, the
required inclusion of this amount of taxable income during the REMIC's earlier
accrual periods and the deferral of corresponding tax losses or deductions until
later accrual periods or until the ultimate sale or disposition of a Residual
Certificate (or possibly later under the "wash sale" rules of Section 1091 of
the Code) may cause the after-tax rate of return of a holder of a Residual
Certificate to be zero or negative even where such holders' pre-tax rate of
return is positive. That is, on a present value basis, the resulting tax
liabilities of a holder of a Residual Certificate will substantially exceed the
sum of any tax benefits and the amount of any cash distributions on such
Residual Certificates over their life.
Potential investors in Residual Certificates should also be aware that
under the terms of the Agreement, the holders of the largest Percentage Interest
in the Residual Certificates shall, by their acceptance of such Certificates,
agree to irrevocably appoint the Trustee as their agent to perform all of the
duties of the tax matters person for the REMIC.
Purchasers of the Residual Certificates are strongly advised to consult
their own tax advisors as to the economic and tax consequences of investment in
the Residual Certificates.
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For further information regarding the federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Residual Certificates, see "Yield on the
Certificates-Additional Yield Considerations Applicable Solely to the Residual
Certificates" herein and "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs-Taxation of Owners of REMIC Residual Certificates" in the
Prospectus.
For further information regarding the federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Offered Certificates, see "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences--REMICs" in the Prospectus.
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting
Agreement, dated May 21, 1996 (the "Underwriting Agreement"), the Depositor has
agreed to sell, and Salomon Brothers Inc (the "Underwriter") has agreed to
purchase the Offered Certificates. The Underwriter is obligated to purchase all
Offered Certificates of the respective classes offered hereby if they purchase
any.
Distribution on the Offered Certificates will be made from time to time in
negotiated transactions or otherwise at varying prices to be determined at the
time of sale. Proceeds to the Depositor from the sale of the Offered
Certificates, before deducting expenses payable by the Depositor, will be 98.24%
of the aggregate initial Certificate Principal Balance of the Offered
Certificates, plus accrued interest from May 1, 1996 on the Offered
Certificates. In connection with the purchase and sale of the Offered
Certificates, the Underwriter may be deemed to have received compensation from
the Depositor in the form of underwriting discounts.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Depositor will indemnify the
Underwriter against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or will contribute to payments the
Underwriter may be required to make in respect thereof.
SECONDARY MARKET
There can be no assurance that a secondary market for the Offered
Certificates will develop or, if it does develop, that it will continue. The
primary source of information available to investors concerning the Offered
Certificates will be the monthly statements discussed in the Prospectus under
"Description of the Certificates-Reports to Certificateholders", which will
include information as to the outstanding principal balance of the Offered
Certificates and the status of the applicable form of credit enhancement. There
can be no assurance that any additional information regarding the Offered
Certificates will be available through any other source. In addition, the
Depositor is not aware of any source through which price information about the
Offered Certificates will be generally available on an ongoing basis. The
limited nature of such information regarding the Offered Certificates may
adversely affect the liquidity of the Offered Certificates, even if a secondary
market for the Offered Certificates becomes available.
LEGAL OPINIONS
Certain legal matters relating to the Offered Certificates will be passed
upon for the Depositor and the Underwriter by Thacher Proffitt & Wood, New York,
New York.
RATINGS
It is a condition to the issuance of the Certificates that the Class A
Certificates and Residual Certificates be rated "AAA" by Standard & Poor's
Ratings Services ("S&P") and "AAA" by Fitch Investors Service, Inc. ("Fitch"),
that the Class XS Certificates and Class PO Certificates be rated "AAAr" by S&P
and "AAA" by Fitch, that the Class B-1 Certificates be rated at least "AA" by
Fitch, that the Class B-2 Certificates be rated at least "A" by Fitch and that
the Class B-3 Certificates be rated at least "BBB" by Fitch.
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The ratings of S&P and Fitch assigned to mortgage pass-through
certificates address the likelihood of the receipt by Certificateholders of all
distributions to which such Certificateholders are entitled. The rating process
addresses structural and legal aspects associated with the Certificates,
including the nature of the underlying mortgage loans. The ratings assigned to
mortgage pass-through certificates do not represent any assessment of the
likelihood that principal prepayments will be made by the mortgagors or the
degree to which such prepayments will differ from that originally anticipated.
The ratings do not address the possibility that Certificateholders might suffer
a lower than anticipated yield or that the holders of the Class XS Certificates
may fail to recover fully their initial investment. The "r" of the "AAA/r"
rating of the Class XS Certificates and Class PO Certificates by S&P is attached
to highlight derivative, hybrid, and certain other certificates that S&P
believes may experience high volatility or high variability in expected returns
due to non-credit risks. Examples of such obligations are: securities whose
principal or interest return is indexed to equities, commodities or currencies;
certain swaps and options; and interest only and principal only mortgage
securities. The absence of an "r" symbol should not be taken as an indication
that a Certificate will exhibit no volatility or variability in total return.
A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities
and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating
organization. Each security rating should be evaluated independently of any
other security rating. In the event that the ratings initially assigned to the
Offered Certificates are subsequently lowered for any reason, no person or
entity is obligated to provide any additional credit support or credit
enhancement with respect to the Offered Certificates.
The Depositor has not requested that any rating agency rate any class of
the Offered Certificates other than as stated above. However, there can be no
assurance as to whether any other rating agency will rate any class of the
Offered Certificates, or, if it does, what rating would be assigned by any such
other rating agency. A rating on any class of the Offered Certificates by
another rating agency, if assigned at all, may be lower than the ratings
assigned to such classes of the Offered Certificates as stated above.
LEGAL INVESTMENT
The Offered Certificates, other than the Class B-2 Certificates and Class
B-3 Certificates, will constitute "mortgage related securities" for purposes of
the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984 ("SMMEA") for so long as
they are rated not lower than the second highest rating category by a Rating
Agency (as defined in the Prospectus) and, as such, will be legal investments
for certain entities to the extent provided in SMMEA. SMMEA, however, provides
for state limitation on the authority of such entities to invest in "mortgage
related securities" provided that such restrictive legislation was enacted prior
to October 3, 1991. Certain states have enacted legislation which overrides the
preemption provisions of SMMEA. Institutions whose investment activities are
subject to legal investment laws and regulations or to review by certain
regulatory authorities may be subject to restrictions on investment in the
Offered Certificates. The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council,
which includes the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "FRB"),
the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC"), the National Credit
Union Administration (the "NCUA"), the Comptroller of the Currency (the "OCC")
and the Office of Thrift Supervision (the "OTS"), has issued a supervisory
policy statement (the "Policy Statement") that is applicable to all depository
institutions (to the extent adopted by their respective federal regulators),
setting forth guidelines for and imposing significant restrictions on
investments in "high-risk mortgage securities". The Policy Statement generally
indicates that a mortgage derivative product will be deemed to be high-risk if
(i) it has a weighted average life greater than 10 years given a reasonable
prepayment assumption or (ii) it exhibits greater average life volatility or
greater price volatility than a benchmark fixed-rate thirty-year mortgage backed
pass-through security. According to the Policy Statement, prior to purchase, a
depository institution would be required to determine whether a mortgage
derivative product that it is considering acquiring is high-risk, and if so that
the proposed acquisition would reduce the institution's overall interest rate
risk. Reliance on analysis and documentation obtained from a securities dealer
or other outside party without internal analysis by the institution would be
unacceptable, and a failure to adhere to the monitoring, reporting and diligence
requirements would be considered an unsafe and unsound practice. There can be no
assurance as to which classes of the Offered Certificates would be treated as
high-risk under the Policy Statement. The Policy Statement has been adopted by
the FRB, the FDIC, the OCC, the OTS and the NCUA. In addition, the NCUA has
issued regulations governing federal credit union investments which prohibit
investment in certain specified types of securities, which may include the
Offered Certificates. The NCUA has indicated that its regulations will take
precedence over the Policy Statement. Similar policy statements and regulations
have been issued by other regulators having jurisdiction over other types of
depository institutions. Any such institution should consult its own legal
advisors in determining whether
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and to what extent there may be restrictions on its ability to invest in the
Offered Certificates. See "Legal Investment" in the Prospectus.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The U.S. Department of Labor issued an individual exemption, Prohibited
Transaction Exemption 89-89 (the "Exemption"), on October 17, 1989 to Salomon
Brothers Inc, which generally exempts from the application of the prohibited
transaction provisions of Section 406 of ERISA, and the excise taxes imposed on
such prohibited transactions pursuant to Section 4975(a) and (b) of the Code and
Section 502(i) of ERISA, certain transactions, among others, relating to the
servicing and operation of mortgage pools and the purchase, sale and holding of
mortgage pass-through certificates underwritten by the Underwriter (as
hereinafter defined), provided that certain conditions set forth in the
Exemption are satisfied. For purposes of this Section "ERISA Considerations",
the term "Underwriter" shall include (a) Salomon Brothers Inc, (b) any person
directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controlling,
controlled by or under common control with Salomon Brothers Inc and (c) any
member of the underwriting syndicate or selling group of which a person
described in (a) or (b) is a manager or co-manager with respect to the Senior
Certificates.
The Exemption sets forth six general conditions which must be satisfied for
a transaction involving the purchase, sale and holding of the Senior
Certificates to be eligible for exemptive relief thereunder. First, the
acquisition of Senior Certificates by certain employee benefit plans subject to
Section 406 of ERISA, or by individual retirement accounts or other plans
subject to Section 4975 of the Code (each, a "Plan"), must be on terms that are
at least as favorable to the Plan as they would be in an arm's-length
transaction with an unrelated party. Second, the rights and interests evidenced
by the Senior Certificates must not be subordinated to the rights and interests
evidenced by the other certificates of the same trust. Third, the Senior
Certificates at the time of acquisition by the Plan must be rated in one of the
three highest generic rating categories by S&P, Moody's Investors Service, Inc.,
Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co. or Fitch. Fourth, the Trustee cannot be an
affiliate of any member of the "Restricted Group", which consists of any
Underwriter, the Depositor, the Servicer, each sub-servicer and any mortgagor
with respect to Mortgage Loans constituting more than 5% of the aggregate
unamortized principal balance of the Mortgage Loans as of the date of initial
issuance of the Senior Certificates. Fifth, the sum of all payments made to and
retained by the Underwriter must represent not more than reasonable compensation
for underwriting the Offered Certificates; the sum of all payments made to and
retained by the Depositor pursuant to the assignment of the Mortgage Loans to
the Trust Fund must represent not more than the fair market value of such
obligations; and the sum of all payments made to and retained by the Servicer
and any sub-servicer must represent not more than reasonable compensation for
such person's services under the Agreement and reimbursement of such person's
reasonable expenses in connection therewith. Sixth, the investing Plan must be
an accredited investor as defined in Rule 501(a)(1) of Regulation D of the
Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Because the Senior Certificates are not subordinated to any other class of
Certificates, the second general condition set forth above is satisfied with
respect to the Senior Certificates. It is a condition of the issuance of the
Senior Certificates that they be rated in the highest rating category by S&P and
Fitch. A fiduciary of a Plan contemplating purchasing a Senior Certificate in
the secondary market must make its own determination that at the time of such
acquisition, the Senior Certificates continue to satisfy the third general
condition set forth above. The Depositor expects that the fourth general
condition set forth above will be satisfied with respect to the Senior
Certificates. A fiduciary of a Plan contemplating purchasing a Senior
Certificate must make its own determination that the first, third, fifth and
sixth general conditions set forth above will be satisfied with respect to the
Senior Certificates.
Because the characteristics of the Subordinate Certificates and the
Residual Certificates may not meet the requirements of Prohibited Transaction
Class Exemption 83-1 (as described in the Prospectus) or the Exemption, the
purchase or holding of the Subordinate Certificates or the Residual Certificates
by a Plan or by individual retirement accounts or other plans subject to Section
4975 of the Code may result in prohibited transactions or the imposition of
excise taxes or civil penalties. As a result, the Agreement provides that no
Residual Certificate may be purchased by or transferred to a Plan or any person
who is directly or indirectly purchasing a Residual Certificate on behalf of, as
named fiduciary of, as trustee of, or with assets of a Plan. In addition, the
Agreement provides that a Subordinate Certificate may be transferred only upon
delivery by the purchaser thereof to the Trustee of (i) a certification or (ii)
an opinion of counsel in each case satisfactory to the Trustee to the effect
that the purchase or holding of such Subordinate Certificate will not constitute
or result in a violation of Section 406 of ERISA or Section
S-53
<PAGE>
4975 of the Code or cause any of the Trustee or certain other parties named in
such Agreement to be deemed a fiduciary of a Plan. The Subordinate Certificates
and the Residual Certificates will contain a legend describing such restrictions
on transfer.
Before purchasing a Senior Certificate, a fiduciary of a Plan should
itself confirm (a) that the Senior Certificates constitute "certificates" for
purposes of the Exemption and (b) that the specific and general conditions of
the Exemption and the other requirements set forth in the Exemption would be
satisfied. In addition to making its own determination as to the availability of
the exemptive relief provided in the Exemption, the Plan fiduciary should
consider the availability of any other prohibited transaction exemptions, in
particular, Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption 83-1. See "ERISA
Considerations" in the Prospectus.
Any Plan fiduciary considering whether to purchase a Senior Certificate on
behalf of a Plan should consult with its counsel regarding the applicability of
the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and
the Code to such investment.
S-54
<PAGE>
MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES (ISSUABLE IN SERIES)
Principal and interest with respect to Certificates will be payable each month
on the date specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, commencing with the
month following the month in which the applicable Cut-off Date (as defined
herein) occurs.
SALOMON BROTHERS MORTGAGE SECURITIES VII, INC.
DEPOSITOR
The Certificates offered hereby and by Supplements to this Prospectus will be
offered from time to time in series.
Each series of Certificates will represent in the aggregate the entire
beneficial ownership interest in a segregated pool of (a) various types of
conventional one- to four-family residential first and junior lien mortgage
loans, multifamily residential mortgage loans, cooperative apartment loans or
manufactured housing conditional sales contracts and installment loan agreements
(collectively, the "Mortgage Loans"), or beneficial interests therein, (b)
pass-through or participation certificates issued or guaranteed by the
Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), the Federal National Mortgage
Association ("FNMA") or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC")
(any such certificates, "Agency Securities") or (c) pass-through or
participation certificates or other mortgage-backed securities issued or
guaranteed by private entities ("Private Mortgage-Backed Securities" ), or any
combination thereof, together with other assets described herein (collectively,
a "Trust Fund").
Each series of Certificates will include one or more classes. Each class of
Certificates of any series will represent the right, which right may be senior
to the rights of one or more of the other classes of the Certificates, to
receive a specified portion of payments of principal and interest on the
Mortgage Loans, Agency Securities or Private Mortgage-Backed Securities in the
related Trust Fund in the manner described herein and in the related Prospectus
Supplement. A series may include one or more classes of Certificates entitled to
principal distributions, with disproportionate, nominal or no interest
distributions, or to interest distributions, with disproportionate, nominal or
no principal distributions. A series may include two or more classes of
Certificates that differ as to the timing, sequential order or amount of
distributions of principal or interest or both. If so specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Trust Fund for a series of Certificates may include
pool insurance policies, letters of credit, reserve funds or other types of
credit support, or any combination thereof. See "Description of the
Certificates" and "Description of Credit Support".
The only obligations of the Depositor with respect to a series of Certificates
will be pursuant to its representations and warranties. The Master Servicer with
respect to a series of Certificates evidencing interests in a Trust Fund
including Mortgage Loans will be named in the related Prospectus Supplement. The
principal obligations of a Master Servicer will be limited to its contractual
servicing obligations, and, to the extent provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, its obligation to make certain cash advances in the event of payment
delinquencies on the Mortgage Loans. The Certificates of each series will not
represent an obligation of or interest in the Depositor, the Master Servicer or
any of their respective affiliates, except to the limited extent described
herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement. Neither the Certificates
nor the Mortgage Loans will be guaranteed or insured by any governmental
agency or instrumentality. Although payment of principal and
interest on Agency Securities will be guaranteed as described herein and in the
related prospectus supplement by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC, the Certificates of any
series evidencing interests in a Trust Fund including Agency Securities will not
be so guaranteed. Each Trust Fund will be held in trust for the benefit of the
holders of the related series of Certificates pursuant to a Pooling and
Servicing Agreement or a Trust Agreement as more fully described herein. If so
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, one or more elections may be made
to treat the related Trust Fund or a designated portion thereof as a "real
estate mortgage investment conduit" for federal income tax purposes. See
"Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences".
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION, NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
Offers of the Certificates may be made through one or more different methods,
including offerings through underwriters, as more fully described under "Methods
of Distribution" and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
With respect to each series, all of the Certificates of each class offered
hereby will be rated in one of the four highest rating categories by one or more
nationally recognized statistical rating organizations. There will have been no
public market for any series of Certificates prior to the offering thereof. No
assurance can be given that such a market will develop as a result of such an
offering. All securities will be distributed by, or sold by underwriters managed
by:
SALOMON BROTHERS INC
RETAIN THIS PROSPECTUS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE. THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE
USED TO CONSUMMATE SALES OF SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY UNLESS ACCOMPANIED
BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.
The date of this Prospectus is January 25, 1995.
<PAGE>
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY
REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT WITH RESPECT HERETO AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR
REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON. THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT WITH RESPECT HERETO DO NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR A
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES OTHER THAN THE CERTIFICATES
OFFERED HEREBY AND THEREBY OR AN OFFER OF THE CERTIFICATES TO ANY PERSON IN ANY
STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFER WOULD BE UNLAWFUL. THE DELIVERY
OF THIS PROSPECTUS AT ANY TIME DOES NOT IMPLY THAT INFORMATION HEREIN IS CORRECT
AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO ITS DATE; HOWEVER, IF ANY MATERIAL CHANGE OCCURS
WHILE THIS PROSPECTUS IS REQUIRED BY LAW TO BE DELIVERED, THIS PROSPECTUS WILL
BE AMENDED OR SUPPLEMENTED ACCORDINGLY.
-------------------------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CAPTION PAGE
Available Information..........................................................4
Reports to Certificateholders..................................................4
Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference..............................4
Summary of Prospectus..........................................................5
The Trust Funds...............................................................12
Mortgage Loans...........................................................12
Agency Securities........................................................17
Private Mortgage-Backed Securities.......................................21
Use of Proceeds...............................................................23
Yield Considerations..........................................................23
Maturity and Prepayment Considerations........................................24
The Depositor.................................................................25
Mortgage Loan Program.........................................................26
Underwriting Standards...................................................26
Qualifications of Originators and Mortgage Loan
Sellers.......................................................................27
Representations by or on behalf of Mortgage Loan
Sellers; Repurchases..........................................................27
Description of the Certificates...............................................29
General..................................................................30
Assignment of Trust Fund Assets..........................................31
Deposits to Certificate Account..........................................34
Payments on Mortgage Loans...............................................35
Payments on Agency Securities and Private Mortgage-Backed Securities.....36
Distributions............................................................37
Available Distribution Amount............................................37
Interest on the Certificates.............................................38
Principal of the Certificates............................................38
Allocation of Losses.....................................................38
Advances in respect of Delinquencies.....................................39
Reports to Certificateholders............................................40
Collection and Other Servicing Procedures................................41
Sub-Servicing............................................................42
Realization Upon Defaulted Mortgage Loans................................42
Retained Interest; Servicing or Administration
Compensation and Payment of Expenses.....................................44
Evidence as to Compliance................................................44
Certain Matters Regarding the Master Servicer and the
Depositor................................................................45
Events of Default........................................................46
Rights Upon Event of Default.............................................46
Amendment................................................................47
Termination..............................................................47
Duties of the Trustee....................................................48
The Trustee..............................................................48
2
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Description of Credit Support.................................................48
Subordination............................................................48
Letter of Credit.........................................................50
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy...........................................51
Special Hazard Insurance Policy..........................................52
Bankruptcy Bond..........................................................54
Certificate Guarantee Insurance..........................................54
Reserve Fund.............................................................54
Description of Primary Insurance Policies.....................................55
Primary Mortgage Insurance Policies......................................55
Primary Hazard Insurance Policies........................................55
FHA Insurance............................................................56
Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans.......................................57
General..................................................................57
Single-Family Loans and Multifamily Loans................................57
Leases and Rents.........................................................58
Cooperative Loans........................................................58
Contracts................................................................59
Foreclosure on Mortgages.................................................61
Foreclosure on Cooperative Shares........................................62
Repossession with respect to Contracts...................................63
Louisiana Law............................................................64
Rights of Redemption with respect to Single-Family
Properties and Multifamily Properties.........................................65
Notice of Sale; Redemption Rights with respect to
Manufactured Homes............................................................65
Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on
Lenders.......................................................................65
Junior Mortgages.........................................................66
Consumer Protection Laws with respect to Contracts.......................66
Other Limitations........................................................67
Enforceability of Certain Provisions.....................................67
Subordinate Financing....................................................69
Applicability of Usury Laws..............................................69
Alternative Mortgage Instruments.........................................70
Formaldehyde Litigation with respect to Contracts........................70
Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940..........................71
Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences.......................................71
General..................................................................71
REMICs...................................................................72
Grantor Trust Funds......................................................88
State and Other Tax Consequences..............................................98
ERISA Considerations..........................................................98
Legal Investment.............................................................100
Methods of Distribution......................................................101
Legal Matters................................................................102
Financial Information........................................................102
Index of Principal Definitions...............................................103
UNTIL 90 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF EACH PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, ALL DEALERS
EFFECTING TRANSACTIONS IN THE CERTIFICATES COVERED BY SUCH SUPPLEMENT, WHETHER
OR NOT PARTICIPATING IN THE DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, MAY BE REQUIRED TO DELIVER
SUCH SUPPLEMENT AND THIS PROSPECTUS. THIS IS IN ADDITION TO THE OBLIGATION OF
DEALERS TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND PROSPECTUS WHEN ACTING AS
UNDERWRITERS OF THE CERTIFICATES COVERED BY
3
<PAGE>
SUCH SUPPLEMENT AND WITH RESPECT TO THEIR UNSOLD
ALLOTMENTS OR SUBSCRIPTIONS.
<PAGE>
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Depositor is subject to the informational requirements of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and in accordance therewith files reports and
other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission"). Such reports and other information filed by the Depositor can be
inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the
Commission at its Public Reference Section, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20549, and its Regional Offices located as follows: Chicago Regional
Office, 500 West Madison, 14th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60661; New York Regional
Office, 75 Park Place, New York, New York 10007. Copies of such material can
also be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the Commission, 450 Fifth
Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. The Depositor does
not intend to send any financial reports to Certificateholders.
This Prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the
Registration Statement (of which this Prospectus forms a part) and exhibits
thereto which the Depositor has filed with the Commission under the Securities
Act of 1933 and to which reference is hereby made.
Copies of FHLMC's most recent Offering Circular for FHLMC Certificates,
FHLMC's most recent Information Statement and any subsequent information
statement, any supplement to any information statement relating to FHLMC and any
quarterly report made available by FHLMC after December 31, 1983 can be obtained
by writing or calling the FHLMC Investor Inquiry Department at 1759 Business
Center Drive, P.O. Box 4112, Reston, Virginia 22090 (800-336-3672). The
Depositor did not participate in the preparation of FHLMC's Offering Circular,
Information Statement or any supplement and, accordingly, makes no
representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information set forth
therein.
Copies of FNMA's most recent Prospectus for FNMA Certificates are available
from FNMA's Mortgage Backed Securities Office, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20016 (202-752-6547). FNMA's annual report and quarterly
financial statements, as well as other financial information, are available from
FNMA's Office of the Treasurer, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C.
20016 (202-752-7000) or the Office of the Vice President of Investor Relations,
3900 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016 (202-752-7000). The
Depositor did not participate in the preparation of FNMA's Prospectus and,
accordingly, makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of the
information set forth therein.
REPORTS TO CERTIFICATEHOLDERS
The Trustee will mail monthly reports concerning each Trust Fund to all
registered holders of Certificates of the related series. See "Description of
the Certificates-Reports to Certificateholders".
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
There are incorporated herein by reference all documents and reports filed
or caused to be filed by the Depositor with respect to a Trust Fund pursuant to
Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, prior to the termination
of the offering of Offered Certificates evidencing interest therein. The
Depositor will provide or cause to be provided without charge to each person to
whom this Prospectus is delivered in connection with the offering of one or more
classes of Offered Certificates, a copy of any or all documents or reports
incorporated herein by reference, in each case to the extent such documents or
reports relate to one or more of such classes of such Offered Certificates,
other than the exhibits to such documents (unless such exhibits are specifically
incorporated by reference in such documents). Requests to the Depositor should
be directed in writing to its principal executive office at Seven World Trade
Center, New York, New York 10048, Attention: Secretary, or by telephone at (212)
783-5635. The Depositor has determined that its financial statements are not
material to the offering of any Offered Certificates.
4
<PAGE>
SUMMARY OF PROSPECTUS
The following summary of certain pertinent information is qualified in its
entirety by reference to the more detailed information appearing elsewhere in
this Prospectus and by reference to the information with respect to each series
of Certificates contained in the Prospectus Supplement to be prepared and
delivered in connection with the offering of such series. An Index of Principal
Definitions is included at the end of this Prospectus.
Title of
Certificates....................... Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates,
issuable in series (the "Certificates").
Depositor.......................... Salomon Brothers Mortgage Securities VII,
Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary
of Salomon Inc and an affiliate of Salomon
Brothers Inc. See "The Depositor".
Master Servicer.................... The Master Servicer (the "Master Servicer")
for each series of Certificates evidencing
interests in a Trust Fund including
Mortgage Loans will be named in the related
Prospectus Supplement, which may be the
Depositor or an affiliate of the Depositor.
See "Description of the
Certificates-Certain Matters Regarding the
Master Servicer and the Depositor".
Trustee............................ The Trustee (the "Trustee") for each series
of Certificates will be named in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
Description of
Certificates....................... Each series of Certificates will include
one or more classes. Each series of
Certificates (including any class or
classes of Certificates of such series not
offered hereby) will represent in the
aggregate the entire beneficial ownership
interest in a segregated pool of Mortgage
Loans, or beneficial interests therein,
Agency Securities or Private Mortgage-
Backed Securities, or any combination
thereof (each, a "Trust Fund Asset"), and
certain other assets as described below (a
"Trust Fund"). Unless otherwise provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement, each
class of Certificates (other than certain
Strip Certificates as defined below) will
have a stated principal amount (a
"Certificate Principal Balance") and will
be entitled to payments of interest thereon
based on a fixed, variable or adjustable
interest rate (a "Pass-Through Rate"). The
related Prospectus Supplement will specify
the Pass-Through Rate for each class or, in
the case of a variable or adjustable
PassThrough Rate, the method for determining
the Pass-Through Rate.
A series of Certificates may include one or
more classes of Certificates (collectively,
the "Senior Certificates") that are senior
to one or more classes of Certificates
(collectively, the "Subordinate
Certificates") in respect of certain
distributions of principal and interest and
allocation of losses on the Mortgage Loans.
Credit
5
<PAGE>
enhancement also may be provided with
respect to any series by means of various
pool insurance policies, letters of credit,
reserve funds or other types of credit
support, or any combination of the
foregoing, as described herein and in the
related Prospectus Supplement. See
"Description of Credit Support".
A series may include one or more classes of
Certificates entitled (i) to principal
distributions, with disproportionate,
nominal or no interest distributions, or
(ii) to interest distributions, with
disproportionate, nominal or no principal
distributions ("Strip Certificates"). In
addition, a series may include two or more
classes of Certificates which differ as to
timing, sequential order, priority of
payment, pass-through rate or amount of
distributions of principal or interest or
both, or as to which distributions of
principal or interest or both on any class
may be made upon the occurrence of specified
events, in accordance with a schedule or
formula, or on the basis of collections from
designated portions of the Mortgage Pool,
which series may include one or more classes
of Certificates ("Accrual Certificates"), as
to which certain accrued interest will not
be distributed but rather will be added to
the principal balance thereof on each
Distribution Date, as hereinafter defined,
in the manner described in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
If so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, a series of Certificates may
include one or more classes of Certificates
(collectively, the "Senior Certificates")
which are senior to one or more classes of
Certificates (collectively, the "Subordinate
Certificates") in respect of certain
distributions of principal and interest
allocations of losses on Mortgage Loans. In
addition, certain classes of Senior (or
Subordinate) Certificates may be senior to
other classes of Senior (or Subordinate)
Certificates in respect of such distribution
or losses.
With respect to each series, one or more
elections may be made to treat the related
Trust Fund or a designated portion thereof
as a "real estate mortgage investment
conduit" or "REMIC" as defined in
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the
"Code"). If any such election is made with
respect to a series, one of the classes of
Certificates comprising such series will be
designated as evidencing all "residual
interests" in the related REMIC as defined
in the Code.
The Certificates will not represent an
interest in or obligation of the Depositor
or any affiliate thereof except as set forth
herein, nor will the Certificates or
6
<PAGE>
any Mortgage Loans be insured or guaranteed
by any governmental agency or
instrumentality. Although payment of
principal and interest on Agency Securities
will be guaranteed as described herein and
in the related Prospectus Supplement by
GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC, the Certificates
of any series including Agency Securities
will not be so guaranteed.
The Trust Funds.....................Each Trust Fund will consist primarily of
(a) a pool (a "Mortgage Pool") of
conventional one- to four-family residential
mortgage loans, multifamily residential
mortgage loans, cooperative apartment loans
or manufactured housing conditional sales
contracts and installment loan agreements
(collectively, the "Mortgage Loans"), or
beneficial interests therein, (b) Agency
Securities or (c) Private Mortgage-Backed
Securities, or any combination thereof.
A. The Mortgage
Loans..............................As more specifically described herein,
the Mortgage Loans will be secured by
first or junior liens on, or security
interests in, (i) one- to four-family
residential properties, (ii) rental
apartment buildings or projects containing
five or more residential units (including
apartment buildings owned by cooperative
housing corporations), (iii) cooperative
loans (the "Cooperative Loans") secured
primarily by shares in a private cooperative
housing corporation (a "Cooperative") that
give the owner thereof the right to occupy a
particular dwelling unit in the Cooperative
or (iv) new or used manufactured homes
(collectively, the "Mortgaged Properties").
The Mortgaged Properties may be located in
any one of the fifty states or the District
of Columbia. Unless otherwise provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement, all
Mortgage Loans will have individual
principal balances at origination of not
less than $25,000 or more than $5,000,000
and original terms to maturity of not more
than 40 years. All Mortgage Loans will have
been originated by persons unaffiliated with
the Depositor and will have been purchased,
either directly or indirectly, by the
Depositor on or before the date of initial
issuance of the related series of
Certificates. Unless otherwise provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement, each
Trust Fund will contain one of the following
types of Mortgage Loans:
(1) Fully amortizing Mortgage Loans with a
fixed rate of interest (an "Interest Rate")
and level monthly payments to maturity;
(2) Fully amortizing Mortgage Loans with an
Interest Rate adjusted periodically (with
corresponding adjustments in the amount of
monthly payments) to equal the sum (which
may be rounded) of a fixed
7
<PAGE>
percentage amount and an index
("ARM Loans"), as described in
the related Prospectus Supplement;
(3) ARM Loans that provide for an election,
at the borrower's option, to convert the
adjustable Interest Rate to a fixed interest
rate, as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement;
(4) ARM Loans that provide for
negative amortization or accelerated
amortization resulting from delays in or
limitations on the payment adjustments
necessary to amortize fully the outstanding
principal balance of the loan at its then
applicable Interest Rate over its remaining
term;
(5) Fully amortizing Mortgage Loans with a
fixed Interest Rate and level monthly
payments, or payments of interest only,
during the early years of the term, followed
by periodically increasing monthly payments
of principal and interest for the duration
of the term or for a specified number of
years, as described in the related
Prospectus Supplement;
(6) Fixed Interest Rate Mortgage Loans
providing for level payments of principal
and interest on the basis of an assumed
amortization schedule and a balloon payment
at the end of a specified term; and (7)
Another type of Mortgage Loan described in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
All of the Mortgage Loans will be covered by
standard hazard insurance policies insuring
against losses due to fire and various other
causes. Certain of the Mortgage Loans will
be covered by primary mortgage insurance
policies to the extent provided herein and
in the related Prospectus Supplement and if
so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, certain of the Mortgage Loans
will be insured by the Federal Housing
Administration (the "FHA"). See "Description
of Primary Insurance Policies".
B. Agency
Securities.........................The Agency Securities evidenced by a series
of Certificates will consist of (i) Mortgage
Participation Certificates issued and
guaranteed as to timely payment of interest
and, unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, ultimate
payment of principal by the Federal Home
Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC
Certificates"), (ii) Guaranteed Mortgage
Pass-Through Certificates issued and
guaranteed as to timely payment of principal
and interest by the Federal National
Mortgage Association ("FNMA Certificates"),
(iii) fully modified pass-through mortgage-
backed certificates guaranteed as to timely
payment of principal and
8
<PAGE>
interest by the Government National Mortgage
Association ("GNMA Certificates"), (iv)
stripped mortgage-backed securities
representing an undivided interest in all
or a part of either the principal
distributions (but not the interest
distributions) or the interest
distributions (but not the principal
distributions) or in some specified portion
of the principal and interest distributions
(but not all of such distributions) on
certain FHLMC, FNMA or GNMA Certificates
and, unless otherwise specified in the
Prospectus Supplement, guaranteed to the
same extent as the underlying securities,
(v) another type of guaranteed pass-through
certificate issued or guaranteed by GNMA,
FNMA or FHLMC and described in the related
Prospectus Supplement or (vi) a combination
of such Agency Securities. All GNMA
Certificates will be backed by the full
faith and credit of the United States. No
FHLMC or FNMA Certificates will be backed,
directly or indirectly, by the full faith
and credit of the United States.
The Agency Securities may consist of
pass-through securities issued under FHLMC's
Cash or Guarantor Program, the GNMA I
Program, the GNMA II Program or another
program specified in the Prospectus
Supplement. The payment characteristics of
the Mortgage Loans underlying the Agency
Securities will be described in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
C. Private
Mortgage-Backed
Securities.........................Private Mortgage-Backed Securities may
include (a) mortgage participations or
pass-through certificates representing
beneficial interests in certain mortgage
loans or (b) collateralized mortgage
obligations secured by such mortgage
loans. Although individual mortgage loans
underlying a Private Mortgage-Backed
Security may be insured or guaranteed by
the United States or an agency or
instrumentality thereof, they need not
be, and the Private Mortgage-Backed
Securities themselves will not be so
insured or guaranteed. See "The Trust
Funds-Private Mortgage-Backed Securities"
herein.
Certificate
Account.............................Each Trust Fund will include one or more
accounts (collectively, the "Certificate
Account") established and maintained on
behalf of the Certificateholders into
which the Master Servicer will, to the
extent described herein and in the
related Prospectus Supplement, deposit
all payments and collections received or
advanced with respect to the related
Trust Fund Assets. A Certificate Account
may be maintained as an interest bearing
or a non-interest bearing account, or
funds held therein may be invested in
certain short-term high-
9
<PAGE>
quality obligations. See "Description of the
Certificates-Deposits to Certificate
Account".
Credit
Support.............................If so specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, one or more classes of
Certificates of a series evidencing
interests in a Trust Fund that includes
Mortgage Loans or Private Mortgage-Backed
Securities may be provided partial or
full protection against certain defaults
and losses on such assets in the form of
subordination of one or more other
classes of Certificates in such series or
by one or more other types of credit
support, such as a letter of credit,
reserve fund, insurance policy or a
combination thereof (any such coverage,
"Credit Support"). The amount and types
of coverage, the identification of the
entity providing the coverage (if
applicable) and related information with
respect to each type of Credit Support,
if any, will be described in the
Prospectus Supplement for a series of
Certificates. See "Description of Credit
Support".
Interest on
Certificates........................Interest on each class of Certificates
(other than certain classes of Strip
Certificates) of each series will accrue at
the applicable Pass-Through Rate on the
outstanding Certificate Principal Balance
thereof and will be distributed to
Certificateholders as provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement (each of the
specified dates on which distributions are
to be made, a "Distribution Date").
Distributions with respect to interest on
Strip Certificates with no or, in certain
cases, a nominal Certificate Principal
Balance will be made on each Distribution
Date on the basis of a
notional amount as described herein and in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
Distributions of interest with respect to
one or more classes of Certificates may be
reduced to the extent of certain
delinquencies and other contingencies
described herein and in the related
Prospectus Supplement. See "Yield
Considerations" and "Description of the
Certificates-Interest on the Certificates".
Principal of
Certificates........................The Certificates of each series (other
than certain Strip Certificates)
initially will have an aggregate
Certificate Principal Balance equal to
the outstanding principal balance of the
Trust Fund Assets as of, unless the
related Prospectus Supplement provides
otherwise, the close of business on the
first day of the month of formation of
the related Trust Fund (the "Cut-off
Date"), after application of scheduled
payments due on or before such date,
whether or not received. The Certificate
Principal Balance of a Certificate
represents the maximum amount that the
holder thereof is entitled
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to receive in respect of principal from
future cash flow on the assets in the
related Trust Fund. The Prospectus
Supplement will include the initial
Certificate Principal Balance of each class
of Certificates offered thereby. Unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, distributions of principal
will be made on each Distribution Date to
the class or classes of Certificates
entitled thereto until the Certificate
Principal Balance of such class has been
reduced to zero. Distributions of
principal of any class of Certificates
will be made on a pro rata basis among
all of the Certificates of such class.
Strip Certificates with no Certificate
Principal Balance will not receive
distributions in respect of principal.
See "Description of the Certificates-
Principal of the Certificates".
Advances............................The Master Servicer, directly or through
sub-servicers, will service and
administer the Mortgage Loans included in
a Trust Fund and, unless the related
Prospectus Supplement provides otherwise,
in connection therewith will be obligated
to make certain advances with respect to
delinquent scheduled payments on the
Mortgage Loans. Advances made by the
Master Servicer are reimbursable to the
extent described herein and in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The
Prospectus Supplement with respect to any
series may provide that the Master
Servicer will obtain a cash advance
surety bond, or maintain a cash advance
reserve fund, to cover any obligation of
the Master Servicer to make advances. The
obligor on any such surety bond will be
named, and the terms applicable to any
such cash advance reserve fund will be
described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. See "Description of the
Certificates-Advances in respect of
Delinquencies".
Optional
Termination.........................If so specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, a series of Certificates may be
subject to optional early termination
through the repurchase of the assets in the
related Trust Fund by the party specified
therein, under the circumstances and in the
manner set forth herein under "Description
of the Certificates-Termination".
Tax Status of
the Certificates....................The Certificates of each series offered
hereby will constitute either (i) "regular
interests" ("REMIC Regular Certificates")
and "residual interests" ("REMIC Residual
Certificates") in a Trust Fund treated as a
REMIC under Sections 860A through 860G of
the Code or (ii) interests ("Grantor Trust
Certificates") in a Trust Fund treated as a
grantor trust under applicable provisions of
the Code.
In general, to the extent the assets and
income of the Trust Fund are treated as
qualifying assets and income
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under the following sections of the Code,
REMIC Regular Certificates and REMIC
Residual Certificates (i) owned by a
"domestic building and loan association"
will be treated as "loans secured by an
interest in real property" within the
meaning of Code Section 7701(a)(19)(C),
(ii) owned by a thrift institution will be
treated as "qualifying real property loans"
within the meaning of Section 593(d) of
the Code, and (iii) owned by a real
estate investment trust will be treated
as "real estate assets" for purposes of
Section 856(c)(5)(A) of the Code and
interest income therefrom will be treated
as "interest on obligations secured by
mortgages on real property" for purposes
of Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code. In
addition, REMIC Regular Certificates will
be "obligation[s]. . .which. . .[are]
principally secured by an interest in
real property" within the meaning of
Section 860G(a)(3)(C) of the Code.
Moreover, if 95% or more of the assets
and the income of the Trust Fund qualify
for any of the foregoing treatments, the
REMIC Regular Certificates and (with the
exception of Section 860G(a)(3)(c) of the
Code) REMIC Residual Certificates will
qualify for the foregoing treatments in
their entirety.
REMIC Residual Certificates generally will
be treated as representing an interest in
qualifying assets and income to the same
extent described above for institutions
subject to Sections 593(d), 7701(a)(19)(C),
856(c)(5)(A) and 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code. A
portion (or, in certain cases, all) of the
income from REMIC Residual Certificates (i)
may not be offset by any losses from other
activities of the holder of such REMIC
Residual Certificates (except generally with
respect to thrift institutions described in
Section 593 of the Code, if such REMIC
Residual Certificate has "significant
value"), (ii) may be treated as unrelated
business taxable income, for holders of
REMIC Residual Certificates that are subject
to tax on unrelated business taxable income
(as defined in Section 511 of the Code), and
(iii) may be subject to foreign withholding
rules. In addition, transfers of certain
REMIC Residual Certificates may be
disregarded under some circumstances for all
federal income tax purposes. See "Certain
Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs-Taxation of Owners of
REMIC Residual Certificates-Excess
Inclusions," and "-Noneconomic REMIC
Residual Certificates" herein.
Unless otherwise provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, Grantor Trust
Certificates may be either Certificates
having a Certificate Principal Balance and a
Pass-Through Rate ("Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificates") or Strip
Certificates ("Grantor Trust Strip
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<PAGE>
Certificates"). Holders of Grantor Trust
Fractional Interest Certificates generally
will be treated as owning an interest in
qualifying assets and income under Sections
593(d), 7701(a)(19)(C), 856(c)(5)(A),
856(c)(3)(B) and 860G(a)(3)(A) of the Code.
It is unclear whether Grantor Trust Strip
Certificates will be treated as representing
an ownership interest in qualifying assets
and income under Sections 593(d),
7701(a)(19)(C), 856(c)(5)(A) and
856(c)(3)(B) of the Code, although the
policy considerations underlying those
Sections suggest that such treatment should
be available. Investors are advised to
consult their tax advisors and to review
"Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences"
herein and in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
Rating..............................At the date of issuance, as to each
series, each class of Certificates
offered hereby will be rated in one of
the four highest rating categories by one
or more nationally recognized statistical
rating agencies. See "Rating" in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
Legal Investment....................The Prospectus Supplement for each series
of Certificates will specify which
classes of Certificates of such series,
if any, will constitute "mortgage related
securities" for purposes of the Secondary
Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984
("SMMEA"). Any class of Certificates that
is not rated in one of the two highest
rating categories by one or more
nationally recognized statistical rating
agencies or that represents an interest
in a Trust Fund that includes junior
mortgage loans will not constitute
"mortgage related securities" for
purposes of SMMEA. See "Legal Investment".
ERISA
Considerations......................A fiduciary of an employee benefit plan
and certain other retirement plans and
arrangements, including individual
retirement accounts, annuities, Keogh
plans, and collective investment funds
and separate accounts in which such
plans, accounts, annuities or
arrangements are invested, that is
subject to the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, as amended
("ERISA"), or Section 4975 of the Code
should carefully review with its legal
advisors whether the purchase or holding
of Certificates could give rise to a
transaction that is prohibited or is not
otherwise permissible either under ERISA
or Section 4975 of the Code. The U.S.
Department of Labor has issued an
individual exemption, Prohibited
Transaction Exemption 89-89, to Salomon
Brothers Inc ("Salomon") that generally
exempts from the application of certain
of the prohibited transaction provisions
of Section 406 of ERISA and the excise
taxes imposed on such prohibited
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transactions by Section 4975(a) and (b)
of the Code and Section 502(i) of ERISA,
transactions relating to the purchase,
sale and holding of pass-through
certificates underwritten by Salomon and
the servicing and operation of asset
pools such as certain of the Mortgage
Pools, provided that certain conditions
are satisfied. See "ERISA Considerations"
herein.
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<PAGE>
THE TRUST FUNDS
THE MORTGAGE LOANS
GENERAL
The Mortgage Loans may consist of mortgage loans secured by first or junior
liens on by one- to four-family residential properties ("Single Family
Properties" and the related loans, "Single Family Loans"), mortgage loans
secured by rental apartments or projects (including apartment buildings owned by
cooperative housing corporations) containing five or more dwelling units
("Multifamily Properties" and the related loans, "Multifamily Loans"), mortgage
loans secured by shares in a private cooperative housing corporation (a
"Cooperative" and the related loans, "Cooperative Loans") that give the owner
thereof the right to occupy a particular dwelling unit (each, a "Cooperative
Unit") in the Cooperative or conditional sales contracts and installment loan
agreements with respect to new or used Manufactured Homes (as defined herein,
and the related contracts or agreements, the "Contracts"). The Single-Family
Properties, Cooperative shares (together with the right to occupy a particular
Cooperative Unit evidenced thereby) and Manufactured Homes (collectively, the
"Mortgaged Properties") may be located in any one of the fifty states or the
District of Columbia. The Mortgaged Properties may include leasehold interests
in residential properties, the title to which is held by third party lessors.
The term of any such leasehold will exceed the term of the Mortgage Note by at
least five years. Each Mortgage Loan will have been originated by a person (the
"Originator") not affiliated with Salomon Brothers Mortgage Securities VII, Inc.
(the "Depositor"). Each Mortgage Loan will be selected by the Depositor for
inclusion in a Mortgage Pool from among those purchased, either directly or
indirectly, from a prior holder thereof (a "Mortgage Loan Seller"), which prior
holder may not be the Originator thereof and may be an affiliate of the
Depositor. See "Mortgage Loan Program-Underwriting Standards".
Unless otherwise specified below or in the related Prospectus Supplement,
all of the Mortgage Loans in a Mortgage Pool will (i) have individual principal
balances at origination of not less than $25,000 or more than $5,000,000, (ii)
have monthly payments due on the first day of each month, (iii) have original
terms to maturity of not more than 40 years and (iv) be one of the following
types of mortgage loans:
(1) Fully amortizing Mortgage Loans with a fixed rate of
interest (an "Interest Rate") and level monthly payments to
maturity;
(2) Fully amortizing Mortgage Loans with an Interest Rate adjusted
periodically (with corresponding adjustments in the amount of monthly
payments) to equal the sum (which may be rounded) of a fixed percentage
amount and an index ("ARM Loans"), as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement;
<PAGE>
(3) ARM Loans that provide for an election, at the borrower's option,
to convert the adjustable Interest Rate to a fixed interest rate, as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement;
(4) ARM Loans that provide for negative amortization or accelerated
amortization resulting from delays in or limitations on the payment
adjustments necessary to amortize fully the outstanding principal balance
of the loan at its then applicable Interest Rate over its remaining term;
(5) Fully amortizing Mortgage Loans with a fixed Interest Rate and
level monthly payments, or payments of interest only, during the early
years of the term, followed by periodically increasing monthly payments of
principal and interest for the duration of the term or for a specified
number of years, as described in the related Prospectus Supplement;
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<PAGE>
(6) Fixed Interest Rate Mortgage Loans providing for level payment of
principal and interest on the basis of an assumed amortization schedule and
a balloon payment at the end of a specified term; and
(7) Another type of Mortgage Loan described in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
If provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain of the Mortgage
Pools may contain Mortgage Loans secured by junior liens, and the related senior
liens ("Senior Liens") may not be included in the Mortgage Pool. The primary
risk to holders of Mortgage Loans secured by junior liens is the possibility
that adequate funds will not be received in connection with a foreclosure of the
related Senior Liens to satisfy fully both the Senior Liens and the Mortgage
Loan. In the event that a holder of a Senior Lien forecloses on a Mortgaged
Property, the proceeds of the foreclosure or similar sale will be applied first
to the payment of court costs and fees in connection with the foreclosure,
second to real estate taxes, third in satisfaction of all principal, interest,
prepayment or acceleration penalties, if any, and any other sums due and owing
to the holder of the Senior Liens. The claims of the holders of the Senior Liens
will be satisfied in full out of proceeds of the liquidation of the Mortgage
Loan, if such proceeds are sufficient, before the Trust Fund as holder of the
junior lien receives any payments in respect of the Mortgage Loan. If the Master
Servicer were to foreclose on any Mortgage Loan, it would do so subject to any
related Senior Liens. In order for the debt related to the Mortgage Loan to be
paid in full at such sale, a bidder at the foreclosure sale of such Mortgage
Loan would have to bid an amount sufficient to pay off all sums due under the
Mortgage Loan and the Senior Liens or purchase the Mortgaged Property subject to
the Senior Liens. In the event that such proceeds from a foreclosure or similar
sale of the related Mortgaged Property are insufficient to satisfy all Senior
Liens and the Mortgage Loan in the aggregate, the Trust Fund, as the holder of
the junior lien, and, accordingly, holders of one or more classes of the
Certificates bear (i) the risk of delay in distributions while a deficiency
judgment against the borrower is obtained and (ii) the risk of loss if the
deficiency judgment is not realized upon. Moreover, deficiency judgments may
not be available in certain jurisdictions. In addition, a junior mortgagee may
not foreclose on the property securing a junior mortgage unless it forecloses
subject to the senior mortgages.
Liquidation expenses with respect to defaulted junior mortgage loans do not
vary directly with the outstanding principal balance of the loan at the time of
default. Therefore, assuming that the Master Servicer took the same steps in
realizing upon a defaulted junior mortgage loan having a small remaining
principal balance as it would in the case of a defaulted junior mortgage loan
having a large remaining principal balance, the amount realized after expenses
of liquidation would be smaller as a percentage of the outstanding principal
balance of the small junior mortgage loan than would be the case with the
defaulted junior mortgage loan having a large remaining principal balance.
Because the average outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loans is
smaller relative to the size of the average outstanding principal balance of the
loans in a typical pool of conventional first priority mortgage loans,
liquidation proceeds may also be smaller as a percentage of the principal
balance of a Mortgage Loan than would be the case in a typical pool of
conventional first priority mortgage loans.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
following requirements as to the Loan-to-Value Ratio of each Mortgage Loan of
the type described above shall apply. The "Loan-to-Value Ratio" of a Mortgage
Loan at any given time is the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the then
outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loan, plus, in the case of a
Mortgage Loan secured by a junior lien, the outstanding principal balance of the
related Senior Liens, to the Value of the related Mortgaged Property. The Value
of a Single-Family Property, Multifamily Property or Cooperative Unit, other
than with respect to Refinance Loans, is the lesser of (a) the appraised value
determined in an appraisal obtained by the originator at origination of such
loan and (b) the sales price for such property. Refinance Loans are loans made
to refinance existing loans. The Value of the Mortgaged
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<PAGE>
Property securing a Refinance Loan is the appraised value thereof
determined in an appraisal obtained at the time of origination of the Refinance
Loan. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, for
purposes of calculating the Loan-toValue Ratio of a Contract relating to a new
Manufactured Home, the Value is no greater than the sum of a fixed percentage of
the list price of the unit actually billed by the manufacturer to the dealer
(exclusive of freight to the dealer site) including "accessories" identified in
the invoice (the "Manufacturer's Invoice Price"), plus the actual cost of any
accessories purchased from the dealer, a delivery and set-up allowance,
depending on the size of the unit, and the cost of state and local taxes, filing
fees and up to three years prepaid hazard insurance premiums. Unless otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, with respect to a used
Manufactured Home, the Value is the least of the sale price, the appraised
value, and the National Automobile Dealer's Association book value plus prepaid
taxes and hazard insurance premiums. The appraised value of a Manufactured Home
is based upon the age and condition of the manufactured housing unit and the
quality and condition of the mobile home park in which it is situated, if
applicable.
A Mortgaged Property may have been subject to secondary financing at
origination of the Mortgage Loan, but, unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the total amount of primary and secondary financing at
the time of origination of the Mortgage Loan did not produce a combined
Loan-to-Value Ratio in excess of (i) 90% in the case of a Mortgage Loan secured
by an owner-occupied primary residence or (ii) 80% in the case of a Mortgage
Loan secured by a vacation or second home.
With respect to each Mortgaged Property, unless otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the borrower will have represented that the
dwelling is either (a) an owner-occupied primary residence or (b) a vacation or
second home that (i) is not part of a mandatory rental pool and (ii) is suitable
for year-round occupancy. With respect to a vacation or second home, no income
derived from the property will be considered for underwriting purposes.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
aggregate principal balance on the Cut-off Date of Mortgage Loans secured by
condominium units will not exceed 30% of the aggregate principal balance of the
Mortgage Loans in the related Mortgage Pool. A Mortgage Loan secured by a
condominium unit will not be included in a Mortgage Pool unless, at the time of
sale of such Mortgage Loan by the Mortgage Loan Seller, certain representations
and warranties as to the condominium project are made by the Mortgage Loan
Seller or an affiliate thereof or by such other person acceptable to the
Depositor having knowledge regarding the subject matter of such representations
and warranties. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
such Mortgage Loan Seller, or another party on its behalf, will have made the
following representations and warranties. If a condominium project is subject to
developer control or to incomplete phasing or addons, at least 70% of the units
have been sold to bona fide purchasers and are occupied as primary residences or
vacation or second homes. If a condominium project has been controlled by the
unit owners (other than the developer) for less than two years and is not
subject to incomplete phasing or add-ons, at least 70% of the units have been
sold to bona fide purchasers and at least 60% of the units are occupied as
primary residences or vacation or second homes. The foregoing percentages may be
modified in the case of a particular project upon proof of demonstrated market
acceptance but in no event will any such percentage be reduced below 51%. If a
condominium project has been controlled by the unit owners (other than the
developer) for at least two years, has all common elements completed and is
not subject to phasing or add-ons, the Mortgage Loan Seller, or another party on
its behalf, must represent and warrant, unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, that the marketability of the project has been
proven and that at least 90% of the units have been sold to bona fide
purchasers. See "Mortgage Loan Program-Representations by or on behalf
17
<PAGE>
of Mortgage Loan Sellers; Repurchases" herein for a description of certain
other representations made by or on behalf of Mortgage Loan Sellers at the time
Mortgage Loans are sold.
If provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain of the Mortgage
Pools may contain Mortgage Loans subject to temporary buydown plans ("Buydown
Mortgage Loans"), pursuant to which the monthly payments made by the borrower in
the early years of the Mortgage Loan (the "Buydown Period") will be less than
the scheduled monthly payments on the Mortgage Loan, the resulting difference to
be made up from (i) an amount contributed by the borrower, the seller of the
Mortgaged Property, or another source (such amount, exclusive of investment
earnings thereon, being hereinafter referred to as "Buydown Funds") and placed
in a custodial account and (ii) unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus
Supplement, investment earnings on the Buydown Funds. See "Description of the
Certificates-Payments on Mortgage Loans. Generally, the borrower under each
Buydown Mortgage Loan will be qualified at the applicable Buydown Mortgage Rate.
Accordingly, the repayment of a Buydown Mortgage Loan is dependent on the
ability of the borrower to make larger level monthly payments after the Buydown
Funds have been depleted and, for certain Buydown Mortgage Loans, during the
Buydown Period. See "Mortgage Loan Program-Underwriting Standards" for a
discussion of loss and delinquency considerations relating to Buydown Mortgage
Loans.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, each
Mortgage Loan having a Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination in excess of 80%, is
required to be covered by a primary mortgage guaranty insurance policy insuring
against default on such Mortgage Loan as to at least the principal amount
thereof exceeding 75% of the Value of the Mortgaged Property at origination of
the Mortgage Loan. Such insurance must remain in force at least until the
Mortgage Loan amortizes to a level that would produce a Loan-to-Value Ratio
lower than 80%. See "Description of Primary Insurance Policies-Primary Mortgage
Insurance Policies".
Each Prospectus Supplement will contain information, as of the date of such
Prospectus Supplement and to the extent then specifically known to the
Depositor, with respect to the Mortgage Loans, Agency Securities or Private
Mortgage-Backed Securities contained in the related Trust Fund, including (i)
the aggregate outstanding principal balance, the largest, smallest and average
outstanding principal balance of the Trust Fund Assets as of the applicable
Cut-off Date, and, with respect to Mortgage Loans secured by a junior lien, the
amount of the related Senior Liens, (ii) the type of property securing the
Mortgage Loans (e.g., one- to four-family houses, multifamily residential
dwellings, shares in Cooperatives and the related proprietary leases or
occupancy agreements, condominium units and other attached units, new or used
Manufactured Homes and vacation and second homes), (iii) the original terms to
maturity of the Mortgage Loans, (iv) the earliest origination date and latest
maturity date, (v) the aggregate principal balance of Mortgage Loans having
Loan-to-Value Ratios at origination exceeding 80%, or, with respect to Mortgage
Loans secured by a junior lien, the aggregate principal balance of Mortgage
Loans having combined Loan-to-Value Ratios exceeding 80%, (vi) the Interest
Rates or range of Interest Rates borne by the Mortgage Loans or mortgage loans
underlying the Agency Securities or Private Mortgage-Backed Securities, (vii)
the geographical distribution of the Mortgage Loans on a state-by-state basis,
(viii) the number and aggregate principal balance of Buydown Mortgage Loans, if
any, (ix) the weighted average Retained Interest, if any, (x) with respect to
ARM Loans, the adjustment dates, the highest, lowest and weighted average
margin, and the maximum Interest Rate variation at the time of any adjustment
and over the life of the ARM Loan, and (xi) with respect to Mortgage Loans of
the type described in (5) above, whether such loans provide for payments of
interest only for any period and the frequency and amount by which, and the term
during which, monthly payments adjust. If specific information respecting the
Trust Fund Assets is not known to the Depositor at the time Certificates are
initially offered, more general
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information of the nature described above will be provided in the
Prospectus Supplement, and specific information will be set forth in a report
which will be available to purchasers of the related Certificates at or before
the initial issuance thereof and will be filed as part of a report on Form 8-K
with the Securities and Exchange Commission within fifteen days after such
initial issuance.
No assurance can be given that values of the Mortgaged Properties have
remained or will remain at their levels on the respective dates of origination
of the related Mortgage Loans. If the residential real estate market should
experience an overall decline in property values such that the outstanding
principal balances of the Mortgage Loans, and any secondary financing on the
Mortgaged Properties, in a particular Mortgage Pool become equal to or greater
than the value of the Mortgaged Properties, the rates of delinquencies,
foreclosures or repossessions and losses could be higher than those now
generally experienced by institutional lenders. Manufactured Homes are less
likely to experience appreciation in value and more likely to experience
depreciation in value over time than other types of housing properties. In
addition, adverse economic conditions (which may or may not affect real property
values) may affect the timely payment by borrowers of scheduled payments of
principal and interest on the Mortgage Loans and, accordingly, the rates of
delinquencies, foreclosures or repossessions and losses with respect to any
Mortgage Pool. To the extent that such losses are not covered by Credit Support,
such losses will be borne, at least in part, by the holders of one or more
classes of the Certificates of the related series offered hereby.
The Depositor will cause the Mortgage Loans comprising each Trust Fund to
be assigned to the Trustee named in the related Prospectus Supplement for the
benefit of the holders of the Certificates of the related series. The Master
Servicer named in the related Prospectus Supplement will service the Mortgage
Loans, either directly or through other loan servicing institutions pursuant to
a Pooling and Servicing Agreement among the Depositor, itself and the Trustee,
and will receive a fee for such services. See "Mortgage Loan Program" and
"Description of the Certificates". With respect to Mortgage Loans serviced by
the Master Servicer through a Sub-Servicer, the Master Servicer will remain
liable for its servicing obligations under the related Pooling and Servicing
Agreement as if the Master Servicer alone were servicing such Mortgage Loans.
The Depositor will make certain representations and warranties regarding
the Mortgage Loans, but its assignment of the Mortgage Loans to the Trustee will
be without recourse. See "Description of the Certificates-Assignment of Trust
Fund Assets". The obligations of the Master Servicer with respect to the
Mortgage Loans will consist principally of its contractual servicing obligations
under the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement (including its obligation to
enforce certain purchase and other obligations of Sub-Servicers or Mortgage Loan
Sellers, or both, as more fully described herein under "Mortgage Loan
Program-Representations by or on behalf of Mortgage Loan Sellers; Repurchases"
and "Description of the Certificates-SubServicing" and "-Assignment of Trust
Fund Assets") and, unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, its obligation to make certain cash advances in the event of
delinquencies in payments on or with respect to the Mortgage Loans in amounts
described herein under "Description of the Certificates-Advances in respect of
Delinquencies". Any obligation of the Master Servicer to make advances may be
subject to limitations, to the extent provided herein and in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
SINGLE-FAMILY LOANS
The Single-Family Loans will be evidenced by promissory notes (the
"Mortgage Notes") secured by first mortgages or first deeds of trust (the
"Mortgages") creating a first lien on the SingleFamily Properties. The
Single-Family Properties will consist of one- to four-family residences,
including detached and attached dwellings, townhouses, rowhouses, individual
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<PAGE>
condominium units, individual units in planned-unit developments and individual
units in de minimis planned-unit developments.
MULTIFAMILY LOANS
The Multifamily Loans will be evidenced by Mortgage Notes secured by
Mortgages creating a first lien on the Multifamily Properties. The Multifamily
Properties will consist of rental apartments or projects (including apartment
buildings owned by cooperative housing cooperatives) containing five or more
dwelling units. Multifamily Properties may include high-rise, mid-rise and
garden apartments. Multifamily Loans may be conventional loans or FHA insured
loans as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
COOPERATIVE LOANS
The Cooperative Loans will be evidenced by promissory notes (the
"Cooperative Notes") secured by security interests in shares issued by
Cooperatives and in the related proprietary leases or occupancy agreements
granting exclusive rights to occupy specific Cooperative Units in the related
buildings.
CONTRACTS
The Contracts will consist of manufactured housing conditional sales
contracts and installment loan agreements each secured by a Manufactured Home.
The Manufactured Homes securing the Contracts will consist of manufactured homes
within the meaning of 42 United States Code, Section 5402(6), which defines a
"manufactured home" as "a structure, transportable in one or more sections,
which in the traveling mode, is eight body feet or more in width or forty body
feet or more in length, or, when erected on site, is three hundred twenty or
more square feet, and which is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be
used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the
required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air conditioning, and
electrical systems contained therein; except that such term shall include any
structure which meets all the requirements of this paragraph except the size
requirements and with respect to which the manufacturer voluntarily files a
certification required by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and
complies with the standards established under this chapter."
AGENCY SECURITIES
GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION
GNMA is a wholly-owned corporate instrumentality of the United States with
the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. Section 306(g) of
Title II of the National Housing Act of 1934, as amended (the "Housing Act"),
authorizes GNMA to guarantee the timely payment of the principal of and interest
on certificates which represent an interest in a pool of mortgage loans insured
by FHA under the Housing Act, or Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 ("FHA
Loans"), or partially guaranteed by the VA under the Servicemen's Readjustment
Act of 1944, as amended, or Chapter 37 of Title 38, United States Code ("VA
Loans").
Section 306(g) of the Housing Act provides that "the full faith and credit
of the United States is pledged to the payment of all amounts which may be
required to be paid under any guarantee under this subsection." In order to meet
its obligations under any such guarantee, GNMA may, under Section 306(d) of the
Housing Act, borrow from the United States Treasury in an amount which is at
anytime sufficient to enable GNMA, with no limitations as to amount, to perform
its obligations under its guarantee.
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GNMA CERTIFICATES
Each GNMA Certificate held in a Trust Fund (which may be issued under
either the GNMA I program or the GNMA II program) will be a "fully modified
pass-through" mortgaged-backed certificate issued and serviced by a mortgage
banking company or other financial concern ("GNMA Issuer") approved by GNMA or
approved by FNMA as a seller-servicer of FHA Loans and/or VA Loans. The mortgage
loans underlying the GNMA Certificates will consist of FHA Loans and/or VA
Loans. Each such mortgage loan is secured by a one- to four-family residential
property. GNMA will approve the issuance of each such GNMA Certificate in
accordance with a guaranty agreement (a "Guaranty Agreement") between GNMA and
the GNMA Issuer. Pursuant to its Guaranty Agreement, a GNMA Issuer will be
required to advance its own funds in order to make timely payments of all
amounts due on each such GNMA Certificate, even if the payments received by the
GNMA Issuer on the FHA Loans or VA Loans underlying each such GNMA Certificate
are less than the amounts due on each such GNMA Certificate.
The full and timely payment of principal of and interest on each GNMA
Certificate will be guaranteed by GNMA, which obligation is backed by the full
faith and credit of the United States. Each such GNMA Certificate will have an
original maturity of not more than 30 years (but may have original maturities of
substantially less than 30 years). Each such GNMA Certificate will be based on
and backed by a pool of FHA Loans or VA Loans secured by one- to four-family
residential properties and will provide for the payment by or on behalf of the
GNMA Issuer to the registered holder of such GNMA Certificate of scheduled
monthly payments of principal and interest equal to the registered holder's
proportionate interest in the aggregate amount of the monthly principal and
interest payment on each FHA Loan or VA Loan underlying such GNMA Certificate,
less the applicable servicing and guarantee fee which together equal the
difference between the interest on the FHA Loan or VA Loan and the pass-through
rate on the GNMA Certificate. In addition, each payment will include
proportionate pass-through payments of any prepayments of principal on the FHA
Loans or VA Loans underlying such GNMA Certificate and liquidation proceeds in
the event of a foreclosure or other disposition of any such FHA Loans or VA
Loans.
If a GNMA Issuer is unable to make the payments on a GNMA Certificate as it
becomes due, it must promptly notify GNMA and request GNMA to make such payment.
Upon notification and request, GNMA will make such payments directly to the
registered holder of such GNMA Certificate. In the event no payment is made by a
GNMA Issuer and the GNMA Issuer fails to notify and request GNMA to make such
payment, the holder of such GNMA Certificate will have recourse only against
GNMA to obtain such payment. The Trustee or its nominee, as registered holder of
the GNMA Certificates held in a Trust Fund, will have the right to proceed
directly against GNMA under the terms of the Guaranty Agreements relating to
such GNMA Certificates for any amounts that are not paid when due.
All mortgage loans underlying a particular GNMA I Certificate must have the
same interest rate (except for pools of mortgage loans secured by manufactured
homes) over the term of the loan. The interest rate on such GNMA I Certificate
will equal the interest rate on the mortgage loans included in the pool of
mortgage loans underlying such GNMA I Certificate, less one-half percentage
point per annum of the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage loans.
Mortgage loans underlying a particular GNMA II Certificate may have per
annum interest rates that vary from each other by up to one percentage point.
The interest rate on each GNMA II Certificate will be between one-half
percentage point and one and one-half percentage points lower than the highest
interest rate on the mortgage loans included in the pool of mortgage loans
underlying such GNMA II Certificate (except for pools of mortgage loans secured
by manufactured homes).
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Regular monthly installment payments on each GNMA Certificate held in a
Trust Fund will be comprised of interest due as specified on such GNMA
Certificate plus the scheduled principal payments on the FHA Loans or VA Loans
underlying such GNMA Certificate due on the first day of the month in which the
scheduled monthly installments on such GNMA Certificate is due. Such regular
monthly installments on each such GNMA Certificate are required to be paid to
the Trustee as registered holder by the 15th day of each month in the case of a
GNMA I Certificate and are required to be mailed to the Trustee by the 20th day
of each month in the case of a GNMA II Certificate. Any principal prepayments on
any FHA Loans or VA Loans underlying a GNMA Certificate held in a Trust Fund or
any other early recovery of principal on such loan will be passed through to the
Trustee as the registered holder of such GNMA Certificate.
GNMA Certificates may be backed by graduated payment mortgage loans or by
"buydown" mortgage loans for which funds will have been provided (and deposited
into escrow accounts) for application to the payment of a portion of the
borrowers' monthly payments during the early years of such mortgage loan.
Payments due the registered holders of GNMA Certificates backed by pools
containing "buydown" mortgage loans will be computed in the same manner as
payments derived from other GNMA Certificates and will include amounts to be
collected from both the borrower and the related escrow account. The graduated
payment mortgage loans will provide for graduated interest payments that, during
the early years of such mortgage loans, will be less than the amount of stated
interest on such mortgage loans. The interest not so paid will be added to the
principal of such graduated payment mortgage loans and, together with interest
thereon, will be paid in subsequent years. The obligations of GNMA and of a GNMA
Issuer will be the same irrespective of whether the GNMA Certificates are backed
by graduated payment mortgage loans or "buydown" mortgage loans. No statistics
comparable to the FHA's prepayment experience on level payment, non-"buydown"
mortgage loans are available in respect of graduated payment or "buydown"
mortgages. GNMA Certificates related to a series of Certificates may be held in
book-entry form.
If specified in a Prospectus Supplement, GNMA Certificates may be backed by
multifamily mortgage loans having the characteristics specified in such
Prospectus Supplement.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORPORATION
FHLMC is a corporate instrumentality of the United States created pursuant
to Title III of the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, as amended (the "FHLMC
Act"). The common stock of FHLMC is owned by the Federal Home Loan Banks. FHLMC
was established primarily for the purpose of increasing the availability of
mortgage credit for the financing of urgently needed housing. It seeks to
provide an enhanced degree of liquidity for residential mortgage investments
primarily by assisting in the development of secondary markets for conventional
mortgages. The principal activity of FHLMC currently consists of the purchase of
first lien conventional mortgage loans or participation interests in such
mortgage loans and the sale of the mortgage loans or participations so purchased
in the form of mortgage securities, primarily FHLMC Certificates. FHLMC is
confined to purchasing, so far as practicable, mortgage loans that it deems to
be of such quality, type and class as to meet generally the purchase standards
imposed by private institutional mortgage investors.
FHLMC CERTIFICATES
Each FHLMC Certificate represents an undivided interest in a pool of
mortgage loans that may consist of first lien conventional loans, FHA Loans or
VA Loans (a "FHLMC Certificate group"). FHLMC Certificates are sold under the
terms of a Mortgage Participation Certificate
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Agreement. A FHLMC Certificate may be issued under either FHLMC's Cash Program
or Guarantor Program.
Mortgage loans underlying the FHLMC Certificates held in a Trust Fund will
consist of mortgage loans with original terms to maturity of between 10 and 30
years. Each such mortgage loan must meet the applicable standards set forth in
the FHLMC Act. A FHLMC Certificate group may include whole loans, participation
interests in whole loans and undivided interests in whole loans and/or
participations comprising another FHLMC Certificate group. Under the Guarantor
Program, any such FHLMC Certificate group may include only whole loans or
participation interests in whole loans.
FHLMC guarantees to each registered holder of a FHLMC Certificate the
timely payment of interest on the underlying mortgage loans to the extent of the
applicable Certificate rate on the registered holder's pro rata share of the
unpaid principal balance outstanding on the underlying mortgage loans in the
FHLMC Certificate group represented by such FHLMC Certificate, whether or not
received. FHLMC also guarantees to each registered holder of a FHLMC Certificate
collection by such holder of all principal on the underlying mortgage loans,
without any offset or deduction, to the extent of such holder's pro rata share
thereof, but does not, except if and to the extent specified in the Prospectus
Supplement for a series of Certificates, guarantee the timely payment of
scheduled principal. Under FHLMC's Gold PC Program, FHLMC guarantees the timely
payment of principal based on the difference between the pool factor, published
in the month preceding the month of distribution and the pool factor published
in such month of distribution. Pursuant to its guarantees, FHLMC indemnifies
holders of FHLMC Certificates against any diminution in principal by reason of
charges for property repairs, maintenance and foreclosure. FHLMC may remit the
amount due on account of its guarantee of collection of principal at any time
after default on an underlying mortgage loan, but not later than (i) 30 days
following foreclosure sale, (ii) 30 days following payment of the claim by any
mortgage insurer, or (iii) 30 days following the expiration of any right of
redemption, whichever occurs later, but in any event no later than one year
after demand has been made upon the mortgagor for accelerated payment of
principal. In taking actions regarding the collection of principal after default
on the mortgage loans underlying FHLMC Certificates, including the timing of
demand for acceleration, FHLMC reserves the right to exercise its judgment with
respect to the mortgage loans in the same manner as for mortgage loans which it
has purchased but not sold. The length of time necessary for FHLMC to determine
that a mortgage loan should be accelerated varies with the particular
circumstances of each mortgagor, and FHLMC has not adopted standards which
require that the demand be made within any specified period.
FHLMC Certificates are not guaranteed by the United States or by any
Federal Home Loan Bank and do not constitute debts or obligations of the United
States or any Federal Home Loan Bank. The obligations of FHLMC under its
guarantee are obligations solely of FHLMC and are not backed by, nor entitled
to, the full faith and credit of the United States. If FHLMC were unable to
satisfy such obligations, distributions to holders of FHLMC Certificates would
consist solely of payments and other recoveries on the underlying mortgage loans
and, accordingly, monthly distributions to holders of FHLMC Certificates would
be affected by delinquent payments and defaults on such mortgage loans.
Registered holders of FHLMC Certificates are entitled to receive their
monthly pro rata share of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage
loans received by FHLMC, including any scheduled principal payments, full and
partial repayments of principal and principal received by FHLMC by virtue of
condemnation, insurance, liquidation or foreclosure, and repurchases of the
mortgage loans by FHLMC or the seller thereof. FHLMC is required to remit each
registered FHLMC Certificateholder's pro rata share of principal payments on the
underlying mortgage loans, interest at the FHLMC pass-through rate and any other
sums such
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as prepayment fees, within 60 days of the date on which such payments are
deemed to have been received by FHLMC.
Under FHLMC's Cash Program, there is no limitation on the amount by which
interest rates on the mortgage loans underlying a FHLMC Certificate may exceed
the pass-through rate on the FHLMC Certificate. Under such program, FHLMC
purchases groups of whole mortgage loans from sellers at specified percentages
of their unpaid principal balances, adjusted for accrued or prepaid interest,
which when applied to the interest rate of the mortgage loans and participations
purchased, results in the yield (expressed as a percentage) required by FHLMC.
The required yield, which includes a minimum servicing fee retained by the
servicer, is calculated using the outstanding principal balance. The range of
interest rates on the mortgage loans and participations in a FHLMC Certificate
group under the Cash Program will vary since mortgage loans and participations
are purchased and assigned to a FHLMC Certificate group based upon their yield
to FHLMC rather than on the interest rate on the underlying mortgage loans.
Under FHLMC's Guarantor Program, the pass-through rate on a FHLMC Certificate is
established based upon the lowest interest rate on the underlying mortgage
loans, minus a minimum servicing fee and the amount of FHLMC's management and
guaranty income as agreed upon between the seller and FHLMC.
FHLMC Certificates duly presented for registration of ownership on or
before the last business day of a month are registered effective as of the first
day of the month. The first remittance to a registered holder of a FHLMC
Certificate will be distributed so as to be received normally by the 15th day of
the second month following the month in which the purchaser became a registered
holder of the FHLMC Certificates. Thereafter, such remittance will be
distributed monthly to the registered holder so as to be received normally by
the 15th day of each month. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York maintains
book-entry accounts with respect to FHLMC Certificates sold by FHLMC on or after
January 2, 1985, and makes payments of principal and interest each month to the
registered holders thereof in accordance with such holders' instructions.
FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION
FNMA is a federally chartered and privately owned corporation organized and
existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (the
"Charter Act"). FNMA was originally established in 1938 as a United States
government agency to provide supplemental liquidity to the mortgage market and
was transformed into a stockholder-owned and privately-managed corporation by
legislation enacted in 1968.
FNMA provides funds to the mortgage market primarily by purchasing mortgage
loans from lenders, thereby replenishing their funds for additional lending.
FNMA acquires funds to purchase mortgage loans from many capital market
investors that may not ordinarily invest in mortgages, thereby expanding the
total amount of funds available for housing. Operating nationwide, FNMA helps to
redistribute mortgage funds from capital-surplus to capital-short areas.
FNMA CERTIFICATES
FNMA Certificates are Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates
representing fractional undivided interests in a pool of mortgage loans formed
by FNMA. Each mortgage loan must meet the applicable standards of the FNMA
purchase program. Mortgage loans comprising a pool are either provided by FNMA
from its own portfolio or purchased pursuant to the criteria of the FNMA
purchase program.
Mortgage loans underlying FNMA Certificates held in a Trust Fund will
consist of conventional mortgage loans, FHA Loans or VA Loans. Original
maturities of substantially all of the conventional, level payment mortgage
loans underlying a FNMA Certificate are
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expected to be between either 8 to 15 years or 20 to 30 years. The original
maturities of substantially all of the fixed rate level payment FHA Loans or
VA Loans are expected to be 30 years.
Mortgage loans underlying a FNMA Certificate may have annual interest rates
that vary by as much as two percentage points from each other. The rate of
interest payable on a FNMA Certificate is equal to the lowest interest rate of
any mortgage loan in the related pool, less a specified minimum annual
percentage representing servicing compensation and FNMA's guaranty fee. Under a
regular servicing option (pursuant to which the mortgagee or other servicers
assumes the entire risk of foreclosure losses), the annual interest rates on the
mortgage loans underlying a FNMA Certificate will be between 50 basis points and
250 basis points greater than in its annual pass-through rate and under a
special servicing option (pursuant to which FNMA assumes the entire risk for
foreclosure losses), the annual interest rates on the mortgage loans underlying
a FNMA Certificate will generally be between 55 basis points and 255 basis
points greater than the annual FNMA Certificate pass-through rate. If specified
in the Prospectus Supplement, FNMA Certificates may be backed by adjustable rate
mortgages.
FNMA guarantees to each registered holder of a FNMA Certificate that it
will distribute amounts representing such holder's proportionate share of
scheduled principal and interest payments at the applicable pass-through rate
provided for by such FNMA Certificate on the underlying mortgage loans, whether
or not received, and such holder's proportionate share of the full principal
amount of any foreclosed or other finally liquidated mortgage loan, whether or
not such principal amount is actually recovered. The obligations of FNMA under
its guarantees are obligations solely of FNMA and are not backed by, nor
entitled to, the full faith and credit of the United States. Although the
Secretary of the Treasury of the United States has discretionary authority to
lend FNMA up to $2.25 billion outstanding at any time, neither the United States
nor any agency thereof is obligated to finance FNMA's operations or to assist
FNMA in any other manner. If FNMA were unable to satisfy its obligations,
distributions to holders of FNMA Certificates would consist solely of payments
and other recoveries on the underlying mortgage loans and, accordingly, monthly
distributions to holders of FNMA Certificates would be affected by delinquent
payments and defaults on such mortgage loans.
FNMA Certificates evidencing interests in pools of mortgage loans formed on
or after May 1, 1985 (other than FNMA Certificates backed by pools containing
graduated payment mortgage loans or mortgage loans secured by multifamily
projects) are available in book-entry form only. Distributions of principal and
interest on each FNMA Certificate will be made by FNMA on the 25th day of each
month to the persons in whose name the FNMA Certificate is entered in the books
of the Federal Reserve Banks (or registered on the FNMA Certificate register in
the case of fully registered FNMA Certificates) as of the close of business on
the last day of the preceding month. With respect to FNMA Certificates issued in
book-entry form, distributions thereon will be made by wire, and with respect to
fully registered FNMA Certificates, distributions thereon will be made by check.
STRIPPED MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
Agency Securities may consist of one or more stripped mortgage-backed
securities, each as described herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Each such Agency Security will represent an undivided interest in all or part of
either the principal distributions (but not the interest distributions) or the
interest distributions (but not the principal distributions), or in some
specified portion of the principal and interest distributions (but not all of
such distributions) on certain FHLMC, FNMA or GNMA Certificates. The underlying
securities will be held under a trust agreement by FHLMC, FNMA or GNMA, each as
trustee, or by another trustee named in the related Prospectus Supplement.
FHLMC, FNMA or GNMA will guarantee
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each stripped Agency Security to the same extent as such entity guarantees the
underlying securities backing such stripped Agency Security, unless otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
OTHER AGENCY SECURITIES
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Trust Fund may include
other mortgage pass-through certificates issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or
FHLMC. The characteristics of any such mortgage pass-through certificates will
be described in such Prospectus Supplement. If so specified, a combination of
different types of Agency Securities may be held in a Trust
Fund.
PRIVATE MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
GENERAL
Private Mortgage-Backed Securities may consist of (a) mortgage pass-through
certificates evidencing an undivided interest in a pool of mortgage loans or (b)
collateralized mortgage obligations secured by mortgage loans. Private
Mortgage-Backed Securities will have been issued pursuant to a pooling and
servicing agreement, an indenture or similar agreement (a "PMBS Agreement"). The
seller/servicer of the underlying mortgage loans will have entered into the PMBS
Agreement with the trustee under such PMBS Agreement (the "PMBS Trustee"). The
PMBS Trustee or its agent, or a custodian, will possess the mortgage loans
underlying such Private MortgageBacked Security. Mortgage loans underlying a
Private MortgageBacked Security will be serviced by a servicer (the "PMBS
Servicer") directly or by one or more subservicers who may be subject to the
supervision of the PMBS Servicer. The PMBS Servicer will be a FNMA or FHLMC
approved servicer and, if FHA Loans underlie the Private Mortgage-Backed
Securities, approved by HUD as an FHA mortgagee.
The issuer of the Private Mortgage-Backed Securities (the "PMBS Issuer")
will be a financial institution or other entity engaged generally in the
business of mortgage lending, a public agency or instrumentality of a state,
local or federal government, or a limited purpose corporation organized for the
purpose of among other things, establishing trusts and acquiring and selling
housing loans to such trusts and selling beneficial interests in such trusts. If
so specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the PMBS Issuer may be an affiliate
of the Depositor. The obligations of the PMBS Issuer will generally be limited
to certain representations and warranties with respect to the assets conveyed by
it to the related trust. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the PMBS Issuer will not have guaranteed any of the assets conveyed
to the related trust or any of the Private Mortgage-Backed Securities issued
under the PMBS Agreement. Additionally, although the mortgage loans underlying
the Private MortgageBacked Securities may be guaranteed by an agency or
instrumentality of the United States, the Private MortgageBacked Securities
themselves will not be so guaranteed.
Distributions of principal and interest will be made on the Private
Mortgage-Backed Securities on the dates specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The Private Mortgage-Backed Securities may be entitled to receive
nominal or no principal distributions or nominal or no interest distributions.
Principal and interest distributions will be made on the Private MortgageBacked
Securities by the PMBS Trustee or the PMBS Servicer. The PMBS Issuer or the PMBS
Servicer may have the right to repurchase assets underlying the Private
Mortgage-Backed Securities after a certain date or under other circumstances
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
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UNDERLYING LOANS
The mortgage loans underlying the Private Mortgage-Backed Securities may
consist of fixed rate, level payment, fully amortizing loans or graduated
payment mortgage loans, buy-down loans, adjustable rate mortgage loans, or loans
having balloon or other special payment features. Such Mortgage Loans may be
secured by single family property, multifamily property, manufactured homes or
by an assignment of the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement relating to a
specific dwelling within a Cooperative and the related shares issued by such
Cooperative. Except as otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
(i) no mortgage loan will have had a Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination in
excess of 95%, (ii) each single family loan secured by a mortgaged property
having a loan-to-value ratio in excess of 80% at origination will be covered by
a primary mortgage insurance policy, (iii) each mortgage loan will have had an
original term to stated maturity of not less than 5 years and not more than 40
years, (iv) no mortgage loan that was more than 30 days delinquent as to the
payment of principal or interest will have been eligible for inclusion in the
assets under the related PMBS Agreement, (v) each mortgage loan (other than a
cooperative loan) will be required to be covered by a standard hazard insurance
policy (which may be a blanket policy) and (vi) each mortgage loan (other than a
cooperative loan or a Contract secured by a manufactured home) will be covered
by a title insurance policy.
CREDIT SUPPORT RELATING TO PRIVATE MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
Credit support in the form of reserve funds, subordination of other private
mortgage-backed securities issued under the PMBS Agreement, letters of credit,
insurance policies or other types of credit support may be provided with respect
to the mortgage loans underlying the Private Mortgage-Backed Securities or with
respect to the Private Mortgage-Backed Securities themselves.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Prospectus Supplement for a series for which the Trust Fund includes
Private Mortgage-Backed Securities will specify (i) the aggregate approximate
principal amount and type of the Private Mortgage-Backed Securities to be
included in the Trust Fund, (ii) certain characteristics of the mortgage loans
which comprise the underlying assets for the Private Mortgage-Backed Securities
including (A) the payment features of such mortgage loans, (B) the approximate
aggregate principal balance, if known, of underlying mortgage loans insured or
guaranteed by a governmental entity, (C) the servicing fee or range of servicing
fees with respect to the mortgage loans and (D) the minimum and maximum stated
maturities of the underlying mortgage loans at origination, (iii) the maximum
original term-to-stated maturity of the Private Mortgage-Backed Securities, (iv)
the weighted average term-to-stated maturity of the Private Mortgage-Backed
Securities, (v) the pass-through or certificate rate of the Private
Mortgage-Backed Securities, (vi) the weighted average pass-through or
certificate rate of the Private Mortgage-Backed Securities, (vii) the PMBS
Issuer, the PMBS Servicer (if other than the PMBS Issuer) and the PMBS Trustee
for such Private Mortgage-Backed Securities, (viii) certain characteristics of
credit support, if any, such as reserve funds, insurance policies, letters of
credit or guarantees relating to the mortgage loans underlying the Private
Mortgage-Backed Securities or to such Private Mortgage-Backed Securities
themselves, (ix) the term on which the underlying mortgage loans for such
Private Mortgage-Backed Securities may, or are required to, be purchased prior
to their stated maturity or the stated maturity of the Private Mortgage-Backed
Securities and (x) the terms on which mortgage loans may be substituted for
those originally underlying the Private Mortgage-Backed Securities.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to be received from the sale of the Certificates will be
applied by the Depositor to the purchase of Trust Fund Assets or will be used by
the Depositor for general corporate purposes. The Depositor expects that it will
make additional sales of securities similar to the Certificates from time to
time, but the timing and amount of offerings of Certificates will depend on a
number of factors, including the volume of Trust Fund Assets acquired by the
Depositor, prevailing interest rates, availability of funds and general market
conditions.
YIELD CONSIDERATIONS
Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, each
monthly interest payment on a Trust Fund Asset is calculated as one-twelfth of
the applicable Interest Rate multiplied by the unpaid principal balance thereof.
Interest to be distributed on each Distribution Date to the holders of the
various classes of Certificates (other than certain classes of Strip
Certificates) of each series will be similarly calculated for the applicable
period, as one-twelfth of the applicable Pass-Through Rate multiplied by the
outstanding Certificate Principal Balance thereof, except as provided below with
respect to prepayments. In the case of Strip Certificates with no or, in certain
cases, a nominal Certificate Principal Balance, such distributions of interest
will be in an amount (as to any Distribution Date, "Stripped Interest")
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The effective yield to Certificateholders will be lower than the yield
otherwise produced by the applicable Pass-Through Rate (or, as to a Strip
Certificate, the distributions of Stripped Interest thereon) and purchase price,
because although interest accrued on each Trust Fund Asset during each month is
due and payable on the first day of the following month (unless otherwise
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement), the distribution of interest on
the Certificates will not be made until the Distribution Date occurring in the
month following the month of accrual of interest in the case of Mortgage Loans,
and in later months in the case of Agency Securities or Private Mortgage-Backed
Securities and in the case of a series of Certificates having Distribution Dates
occurring at intervals less frequently than monthly.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, when a
principal prepayment in full is made on a Mortgage Loan or a mortgage loan
underlying a Private MortgageBacked Security, the borrower is charged interest
only for the period from the due date of the preceding monthly payment up to the
date of such prepayment, instead of for a full month. Accordingly, the effect of
principal prepayments in full during any month will be to reduce the aggregate
amount of interest collected that is available for distribution to
Certificateholders. If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain
of the Mortgage Loans or the mortgage loans underlying a Private Mortgage-Backed
Security may contain provisions limiting prepayments hereof or requiring the
payment of a prepayment penalty upon prepayment in full or in part. Unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, any such penalty will
be applied to offset the above-described shortfalls in interest collections on
the related Distribution Date. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, partial principal prepayments are applied on the first
day of the month following receipt, with no resulting reduction in interest
payable for the period in which the partial principal prepayment is made. Unless
specified otherwise in the related Prospectus Supplement, neither the Trustee,
the Master Servicer nor the Depositor will be obligated to fund shortfalls in
interest collections resulting from prepayments. Holders of Agency Securities
are entitled to a full month's interest in connection with prepayments in full
of the underlying mortgage loans. Full and partial principal prepayments
collected during the applicable Prepayment Period will be available for
distribution to Certificateholders on the related
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Distribution Date. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, a "Prepayment Period" in respect of any Distribution Date will
commence on the first day of the month in which the preceding Distribution Date
occurs (or, as to the first Prepayment Period, the day after the Cut-off Date)
and will end on the last day of the month prior to the month in which the
related Distribution Date occurs. See "Maturity and Prepayment Considerations"
and "Description of the Certificates-General".
The Prospectus Supplement for each series of Certificates may set forth
additional information regarding yield considerations.
MATURITY AND PREPAYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
The original terms to maturity of the Trust Fund Assets in a particular
Trust Fund will vary depending upon the type of mortgage loans underlying or
comprising the Trust Fund Assets in such Trust Fund. Each Prospectus Supplement
will contain information with respect to the type and maturities of the Trust
Fund Assets in the related Trust Fund. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, all of the Single-Family Loans, Cooperative Loans and
Contracts and all of the mortgage loans underlying the Agency Securities and
Private Mortgage-Backed Securities may be prepaid without penalty in full or in
part at any time. If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain
of the Mortgage Loans may contain provisions prohibiting prepayment for a
specified period after the origination date (a "Lockout Period"), prohibiting
partial prepayments entirely or prohibiting prepayment in full or in part
without a prepayment penalty.
The prepayment experience on the mortgage loans underlying or comprising
the Trust Fund Assets in a Trust Fund will affect the weighted average life of
the related series of Certificates. Weighted average life refers to the average
amount of time that will elapse from the date of issuance of a security until
each dollar of principal of such security will be repaid to the investor. The
weighted average life of the Certificates of a series will be influenced by the
rate at which principal on the mortgage loans underlying or comprising the Trust
Fund Assets included in the related Trust Fund is paid, which payments may be in
the form of scheduled amortization or prepayments (for this purpose, the term
"prepayment" includes prepayments, in whole or in part, and liquidations due to
default and hazard or condemnation losses). The rate of prepayment with respect
to conventional fixed rate mortgage loans has fluctuated significantly in recent
years. In general, if interest rates fall below the Interest Rates on the
mortgage loans underlying or comprising the Trust Fund Assets, the rate of
prepayment would be expected to increase. There can be no assurance as to the
rate of prepayment of the mortgage loans underlying or comprising the Trust Fund
Assets in any Trust Fund. The Depositor is not aware of any publicly available
statistics relating to the principal prepayment experience of diverse portfolios
of mortgage loans over an extended period of time. All statistics known to the
Depositor that have been compiled with respect to prepayment experience on
mortgage loans indicates that while some mortgage loans may remain outstanding
until their stated maturities, a substantial number will be paid prior to their
respective stated maturities.
A number of factors, including homeowner mobility, economic conditions,
enforceability of due-on-sale clauses, mortgage market interest rates, the terms
of the mortgage loans (as affected by the existence of lockout provisions,
due-on-sale and due-on-encumbrance clauses and prepayment fees), the quality of
management of the mortgaged properties, possible changes in tax laws and the
availability of mortgage funds, may affect prepayment experience. Unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, all Mortgage Loans or
mortgage loans underlying Private Mortgage-Backed Securities will contain
due-on-sale provisions permitting the lender to accelerate the maturity of such
mortgage loan upon
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sale or certain transfers by the borrower of the underlying Mortgaged
Property. The Multifamily Loans may contain due-on-encumbrance provisions
(permitting the lender to accelerate the maturity of the Multifamily Loan upon
further encumbrance by the borrower of the underlying Multifamily Property).
Conventional mortgage loans that underlie FHLMC Certificates and FNMA
Certificates may contain, and in certain instances must contain, such
due-on-sale provisions. FHA Loans and all mortgage loans underlying GNMA
Certificates contain no such clause and may be assumed by the purchaser of the
mortgaged property. Thus, the rate of prepayments on FHA Loans and mortgage
loans underlying GNMA Certificates may be lower than that of conventional
Mortgage Loans bearing comparable interest rates.
With respect to a series of Certificates evidencing interests in the Trust
Fund including Mortgage Loans, unless otherwise provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer generally will enforce any
due-on-sale clause or due-on-encumbrance clause, to the extent it has knowledge
of the conveyance or encumbrance or the proposed conveyance or encumbrance of
the underlying Mortgaged Property and reasonably believes that it is entitled to
do so under applicable law; provided, however, that the Master Servicer will not
take any enforcement action that would impair or threaten to impair any recovery
under any related insurance policy. See "Description of the
Certificates-Collection and Other Servicing Procedures" and "Certain Legal
Aspects of Mortgage Loans-Enforceability of Certain Provisions" and "-Prepayment
Charges and Prepayments" for a description of certain provisions of each
Agreement and certain legal developments that may affect the prepayment
experience on the Mortgage Loans. See "Description of the
Certificates-Termination" for a description of the possible early termination of
any series of Certificates. See also "Mortgage Loan Program-Representations by
or on behalf of Mortgage Loan Sellers; Repurchases" and "Description of the
Certificates-Assignment of Trust Fund Assets" for a description of the
obligation of the Mortgage Loan Sellers, the Master Servicer and the Depositor
to repurchase Mortgage Loans under certain circumstances.
THE DEPOSITOR
The Depositor was incorporated in the State of Delaware on January 27, 1987
as an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Salomon Inc. The Depositor was
organized for the purpose of serving as a private secondary mortgage market
conduit. The Depositor maintains its principal office at Seven World Trade
Center, New York, New York 10048. Its telephone number is (212) 783-5635.
The Depositor does not have, nor is it expected in the future to have, any
significant assets.
MORTGAGE LOAN PROGRAM
The Mortgage Loans will be purchased by the Depositor, either directly or
indirectly, from the Mortgage Loan Sellers. The Mortgage Loans so acquired by
the Depositor will have been originated by the Originators in accordance with
the underwriting criteria specified below under "Underwriting Standards".
UNDERWRITING STANDARDS
All Mortgage Loans will have been subject to underwriting standards
acceptable to the Depositor and applied as described below. Each Mortgage Loan
Seller, or another party on its behalf, will represent and warrant that Mortgage
Loans purchased by or on behalf of the
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Depositor from it have been originated by the related Originators in accordance
with such underwriting standards.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
underwriting standards are applied by the Originators to evaluate the borrower's
credit standing and repayment ability, and the value and adequacy of the
Mortgaged Property as collateral. Initially, a prospective borrower is required
to fill out a detailed application regarding pertinent credit information. As
part of the description of the borrower's financial condition, the borrower is
required to provide a current balance sheet describing assets and liabilities
and a statement of income and expenses, as well as an authorization to apply for
a credit report that summarizes the borrower's credit history with local
merchants and lenders and any record of bankruptcy. In addition, an employment
verification is obtained that reports the borrower's current salary and may
contain information regarding length of employment and whether it is expected
that the borrower will continue such employment in the future. If a prospective
borrower is self-employed, the borrower is required to submit copies of signed
tax returns. The borrower may also be required to authorize verification of
deposits at financial institutions where the borrower has demand or savings
accounts. In the case of a Multifamily Loan, the borrower is also required to
provide certain information regarding the related Multifamily Property,
including a current rent schedule, the type and length of leases and pro forma
operating income statements. In addition, the Depositor will consider the
location of the Multifamily Property, the availability of competitive lease
space and rental income of comparable properties in the relevant market area,
the overall economy and demographic features of the geographic area and the
mortgagor's prior experience in owning and operating properties similar to the
Multifamily Properties.
In determining the adequacy of the property as collateral, an appraisal is
made of each property considered for financing, except in the case of new
Manufactured Homes, as described under "The Trust Funds". Each appraiser is
selected in accordance with predetermined guidelines established for appraisers.
The appraiser is required to inspect the property and verify that it is in good
condition and that construction, if new, has been completed. With respect to
properties other than Multifamily Properties, the appraisal is based on the
market value of comparable homes, the estimated rental income (if considered
applicable by the appraiser) and the cost of replacing the home. With respect to
Multifamily Properties, the appraisal must specify whether an income analysis, a
market analysis or a cost analysis was used. An appraisal employing the income
approach to value analyzes a property's cash flow, expenses, capitalization and
other operational information in determining the property's value. The market
approach to value analyzes the prices paid for the purchase of similar
properties in the property's area, with adjustments made for variations between
these other properties and the property being appraised. The cost approach
requires the appraiser to make an estimate of land value and then determine the
current cost of reproducing the building less any accrued depreciation. In any
case, the value of the property being financed, as indicated by the appraisal,
must be such that it currently supports, and is anticipated to support in the
future, the outstanding loan balance.
In the case of Single Family Loans and Contracts, once all applicable
employment, credit and property information is received, a determination is made
as to whether the prospective borrower has sufficient monthly income available
(i) to meet the borrower's monthly obligations on the proposed mortgage loan
(determined on the basis of the monthly payments due in the year of origination)
and other expenses related to the home (such as property taxes and hazard
insurance) and (ii) to meet monthly housing expenses and other financial
obligations and monthly living expenses. Unless otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the underwriting standards to be applied to the
Single Family Loans will be generally similar to the traditional underwriting
guidelines used by FNMA and FHLMC which are in effect at the time of origination
of each Single Family Loan, except that the ratios at
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origination of the amounts described in (i) and (ii) above to the applicant's
stable monthly gross income may exceed in certain cases the then applicable FNMA
and FHLMC guidelines, but such ratios in general may not exceed 33% and 38%,
respectively, of the applicant's stable monthly gross income. Such underwriting
standards may be varied in appropriate cases.
In the case of a Single Family Loan or Multifamily Loan secured by a
leasehold interest in a residential property, the title to which is held by a
third party lessor, the Mortgage Loan Seller, or another party on its behalf, is
required to warrant, among other things, that the remaining term of the lease
and any sublease be at least five years longer than the remaining term of the
Mortgage Loan.
The Mortgaged Properties may be located in states where, in general, a
lender providing credit on a residential property may not seek a deficiency
judgment against the mortgagor but rather must look solely to the property for
repayment in the event of foreclosure. The underwriting standards to be applied
to the Mortgage Loans in all states (including anti-deficiency states) require
that the value of the property being financed, as indicated by the appraisal,
currently supports and is anticipated to support in the future the outstanding
principal balance of the Mortgage Loan.
With respect to any FHA Loan the Mortgage Loan Seller is
required to represent that it has complied with the applicable
underwriting policies of the FHA. See "Description of Primary
Insurance Policies-FHA Insurance".
The recent foreclosure or repossession and delinquency experience with
respect to loans serviced by the Master Servicer or, if applicable, a
significant Sub-Servicer will be provided in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Certain of the types of loans that may be included in the Mortgage Pools
are recently developed and may involve additional uncertainties not present in
traditional types of loans. For example, certain of such Mortgage Loans may
provide for escalating or variable payments by the borrower. These types of
Mortgage Loans are underwritten on the basis of a judgment that borrowers will
have the ability to make larger monthly payments in subsequent years. In some
instances, however, a borrower's income may not be sufficient to make loan
payments as such payments increase. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Multifamily Loans will be nonrecourse loans, as to
which, in the event of mortgagor default, recourse may only be had against the
specific Multifamily Property pledged to secure that Multifamily Loan, and not
against the mortgagor's assets.
QUALIFICATIONS OF ORIGINATORS AND MORTGAGE LOAN SELLERS
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, each
Originator and Mortgage Loan Seller will be required to satisfy the
qualifications set forth herein. Each Originator must be an institution
experienced in originating and servicing conventional mortgage loans in
accordance with accepted practices and prudent guidelines, and must maintain
satisfactory facilities to originate and service those loans. Each Originator
and Mortgage Loan Seller must be a seller/servicer approved by either FNMA or
FHLMC. Each Originator and Mortgage Loan Seller must be a mortgagee approved by
the FHA or an institution the deposit accounts in which are insured by the Bank
Insurance Fund ("BIF") or Savings Association Insurance Fund ("SAIF") of the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC"). In addition, each Originator
and Mortgage Loan Seller must satisfy certain criteria as to financial stability
evaluated on a case by case basis by the Depositor.
REPRESENTATIONS BY OR ON BEHALF OF MORTGAGE LOAN SELLERS; REPURCHASES
Each Mortgage Loan Seller, or a party on its behalf, will have made
representations and warranties in respect of the Mortgage Loans sold by such
Mortgage Loan Seller. Such
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representations and warranties include, among other things: (i) that any
required hazard insurance was effective at the origination of each Mortgage
Loan, and that each such policy remained in effect on the date of purchase of
the Mortgage Loan from the Mortgage Loan Seller by or on behalf of the
Depositor; (ii) that, in the case of Single-Family Loans and Multifamily Loans,
either (A) title insurance insuring (subject only to permissible title insurance
exceptions) the lien status of the Mortgage was effective at the origination of
each Mortgage Loan and such policy remained in effect on the date of purchase of
the Mortgage Loan from the Mortgage Loan Seller by or on behalf of the Depositor
or (B) if the Mortgaged Property securing any Mortgage Loan is located in an
area where such policies are generally not available, there is in the related
mortgage file an attorney's certificate of title indicating (subject to such
permissible exceptions set forth therein) the first lien status of the mortgage;
(iii) that the Mortgage Loan Seller had good title to each Mortgage Loan and
each Mortgage Loan was subject to no offsets, defenses, counterclaims or rights
of rescission except to the extent that any buydown agreement described herein
may forgive certain indebtedness of a borrower; (iv) that each Mortgage
constituted a valid first lien on, or security interest in, the Mortgaged
Property (subject only to permissible title insurance exceptions and Senior
Liens, if any) and that the Mortgaged Property was free from damage and was in
good repair; (v) that there were no delinquent tax or assessment liens against
the Mortgaged Property; (vi) that each Mortgage Loan was current as to all
required payments; and (vii) that each Mortgage Loan was made in compliance
with, and is enforceable under, all applicable local, state and federal laws and
regulations in all material respects. If a person other than a Mortgage Loan
Seller makes any of the foregoing representations and warranties on behalf of
such Mortgage Loan Seller, the identity of such person will be specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. Any person making representations and warranties
on behalf of a Mortgage Loan Seller shall be an affiliate thereof or such other
person acceptable to the Depositor having knowledge regarding the subject matter
of such representations and warranties.
All of the representations and warranties made by or on behalf of a
Mortgage Loan Seller in respect of a Mortgage Loan will have been made as of the
date on which such Mortgage Loan Seller sold the Mortgage Loan to or on behalf
of the Depositor. A substantial period of time may have elapsed between such
date and the date of initial issuance of the series of Certificates evidencing
an interest in such Mortgage Loan. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, in the event of a breach of any such representation or
warranty, the Mortgage Loan Seller will be obligated to cure such breach or
repurchase or replace the affected Mortgage Loan as described below. Since the
representations and warranties made by or on behalf of such Mortgage Loan Seller
do not address events that may occur following the sale of a Mortgage Loan by
such Mortgage Loan Seller, it will have a cure, repurchase or substitution
obligation in connection with a breach of such a representation and warranty
only if the relevant event that causes such breach occurs prior to the date of
such sale. A Mortgage Loan Seller would have no such obligations if the relevant
event that causes such breach occurs after the date of such sale. However, the
Depositor will not include any Mortgage Loan in the Trust Fund for any series of
Certificates if anything has come to the Depositor's attention that would cause
it to believe that the representations and warranties made in respect of such
Mortgage Loan will not be accurate and complete in all material respects as of
the date of initial issuance of the related series of Certificates.
The only representations and warranties to be made for the benefit of
holders of Certificates in respect of any Mortgage Loan relating to the period
commencing on the date of sale of such Mortgage Loan by the Mortgage Loan Seller
to or on behalf of the Depositor will be certain limited representations of the
Depositor and of the Master Servicer described below under "Description of the
Certificates-Assignment of Trust Fund Assets". If the Master Servicer is also a
Mortgage Loan Seller with respect to a particular series, such
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representations will be in addition to the representations and warranties made
by the Master Servicer in its capacity as a Mortgage Loan Seller.
The Master Servicer and/or Trustee will promptly notify the relevant
Mortgage Loan Seller of any breach of any representation or warranty made by or
on behalf of it in respect of a Mortgage Loan that materially and adversely
affects the value of such Mortgage Loan or the interests therein of the
Certificateholders. If such Mortgage Loan Seller cannot cure such breach within
60 days from the date on which the Mortgage Loan Seller was notified of such
breach, then such Mortgage Loan Seller will be obligated to repurchase such
Mortgage Loan from the Trustee within 90 days from the date on which the
Mortgage Loan Seller was notified of such breach, at the Purchase Price
therefor. As to any Mortgage Loan, unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the "Purchase Price" is equal to the sum of (i) the
unpaid principal balance thereof, (ii) unpaid accrued interest on the Stated
Principal Balance (as defined below) at the Net Interest Rate from the date as
to which interest was last paid to the end of the calendar month in which the
relevant purchase is to occur, (iii) any unpaid servicing fees and certain
unreimbursed servicing expenses payable or reimbursable to the Master Servicer
with respect to such Mortgage Loan, (iv) any unpaid Retained Interest with
respect to such Mortgage Loan, (v) any Realized Losses, as described below under
"Description of the Certificates-Allocation of Losses", incurred with respect to
such Mortgage Loan, and (vi) if applicable, any expenses reasonably incurred or
to be incurred by the Master Servicer or the Trustee in respect of the breach or
defect giving rise to a purchase obligation. Unless otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, a Mortgage Loan Seller, rather than repurchase a
Mortgage Loan as to which a breach has occurred, will have the option, within a
specified period after initial issuance of the related series of Certificates,
to cause the removal of such Mortgage Loan from the Trust Fund and substitute in
its place one or more other Mortgage Loans, in accordance with the standards
described below under "Description of the Certificates-Assignment of the
Mortgage Loans". The Master Servicer will be required under the applicable
Pooling and Servicing Agreement to use its best efforts to enforce such
obligations of the Mortgage Loan Seller for the benefit of the Trustee and the
holders of the Certificates, following the practices it would employ in its good
faith business judgment were it the owner of such Mortgage Loan. This repurchase
or substitution obligation will constitute the sole remedy available to holders
of Certificates or the Trustee for a breach of representation by a Mortgage Loan
Seller. See "Description of the Certificates-General".
The "Stated Principal Balance" of any Mortgage Loan as of any date of
determination is equal to the principal balance thereof as of the Cut-off Date,
after application of all scheduled principal payments due on or before the
Cut-off Date, whether or not received, reduced by all amounts, including
advances by the Master Servicer, allocable to principal that are distributed to
Certificateholders on or before the date of determination, and as further
reduced to the extent that any Realized Loss (as defined below) thereon has been
(or, if it had not been covered by any form of Credit Support, would have been)
allocated to one or more classes of Certificates on or before the date of
determination.
Neither the Depositor nor the Master Servicer will be obligated to purchase
or substitute for a Mortgage Loan if a Mortgage Loan Seller defaults on its
obligation to do so, and no assurance can be given that Mortgage Loan Sellers
will carry out such obligations with respect to Mortgage Loans. To the extent
that a breach of the representations and warranties of a Mortgage Loan Seller
may also constitute a breach of a representation made by the Depositor, the
Depositor may have a repurchase or substitution obligation as described below
under "Description of the Certificates-Assignment of Trust Fund Assets".
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DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES
The Certificates of each series evidencing interests in a Trust Fund
consisting of Mortgage Loans will be issued pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing
Agreement among the Depositor, the Master Servicer (if the Depositor is not
acting as Master Servicer) and the Trustee named in the Prospectus Supplement.
The Certificates of each series evidencing interests in a Trust Fund consisting
exclusively of Agency Securities or Private Mortgage-Backed Securities will be
issued pursuant to a Trust Agreement between the Depositor and the Trustee (each
Trust Agreement or Pooling and Servicing Agreement, an "Agreement"). The
provisions of each Agreement will vary depending upon the nature of the
Certificates to be issued thereunder and the nature of the related Trust Fund.
Various forms of Pooling and Servicing Agreement have been filed as exhibits to
the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part. The following
summaries describe certain provisions which may appear in each Agreement. The
Prospectus Supplement for a series of Certificates will describe any provision
of the Agreement relating to such series that materially differs from the
description thereof contained in this Prospectus. The summaries do not purport
to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by
reference to, all of the provisions of the Agreement for each Trust Fund and the
related Prospectus Supplement. Whenever particular sections or defined terms of
the Agreement are referred to, such sections or defined terms are incorporated
herein by reference. Article and section numbers cited herein refer to articles
and sections common to each Pooling and Servicing Agreement. As used herein with
respect to any series, the term "Certificate" refers to all of the Certificates
of that series, whether or not offered hereby and by the related Prospectus
Supplement, unless the context otherwise requires.
GENERAL
The Certificates of each series (including any class of Certificates not
offered hereby) will be issued in fully registered form only and will represent
the entire beneficial ownership interest in the Trust Fund created pursuant to
the related Agreement. (Section 5.01) If so provided in the Prospectus
Supplement, any class of Certificates of any series may be represented by a
certificate registered in the name of a nominee of The Depository Trust Company
("DTC"). The interests of beneficial owners of such Certificates will be
represented by such entries on the records of participating members of DTC.
Definitive certificates will be available for such Certificates only under
limited circumstances as provided in the related Prospectus Supplement. Unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, each Trust Fund will
consist of (i) such Trust Fund Assets, or interests therein, exclusive of any
portion of interest payments (the "Retained Interest") on a Trust Fund Asset
retained by the Depositor or any previous owner thereof, as from time to time
are subject to the Agreement; (ii) such assets as from time to time are
identified as deposited in the Certificate Account or any other account
maintained for the benefit of the Certificateholders; (iii) with respect to
Trust Funds that include Mortgage Loans, (a) property acquired on behalf of
Certificateholders by foreclosure, deed in lieu of foreclosure or repossession
and any revenues received thereon; (b) the rights of the Depositor under any
hazard insurance policies, FHA insurance policies and primary mortgage insurance
policies, as described under "Description of Primary Insurance Policies"; (c)
the rights of the Depositor under the agreement or agreements pursuant to which
it acquired the Mortgage Loans in such Trust Fund; and (d) the rights of the
Trustee in any cash advance reserve fund or surety bond as described under
"Advances in respect of Delinquencies" and (iv) any letter of credit, mortgage
pool insurance policy, special hazard insurance policy, bankruptcy bond, reserve
fund or other type of credit support provided with respect to the related
series, as described under "Description of Credit Support". Subject to any
limitations described in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Certificates
will be transferable and exchangeable for like Certificates of the same class
and series in authorized denominations at the corporate trust office of the
Trustee specified in the
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related Prospectus Supplement. No service charge will be made for any
registration of exchange or transfer of Certificates, but the Depositor or the
Trustee or any agent thereof may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge. (Section 5.02)
Each series of Certificates may consist of either (i) a single class of
Certificates evidencing the entire beneficial ownership of the related Trust
Fund; (ii) two or more classes of Certificates evidencing the entire beneficial
ownership of the related Trust Fund, one or more classes of which ("Senior
Certificates") will be senior in right of payment to one or more of the other
classes ("Subordinate Certificates") to the extent described in the related
Prospectus Supplement (any such series, a "Senior/Subordinate Series"); or (iii)
other types of classes of Certificates, as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. A series may include one or more classes of Certificates entitled to
(i) principal distributions, with disproportionate, nominal or no interest
distributions or (ii) interest distributions, with disproportionate, nominal or
no principal distributions ("Strip Certificates"). If so specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, partial or full protection against certain
Mortgage Loan defaults and losses may be provided to a series of Certificates or
to one or more classes of Certificates in such series in the form of
subordination of one or more other classes of Certificates in such series or by
one or more other types of credit support, such as a letter of credit, reserve
fund, insurance policy or a combination thereof (any such coverage, "Credit
Support"). See "Description of Credit Support".
Each class of Certificates (other than certain Strip Certificates) will
have a Certificate Principal Balance and, unless otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, will be entitled to payments of interest thereon
based on a specified Pass-Through Rate. See "Interest on the Certificates" and
"Principal of the Certificates" below. The specific percentage ownership
interest of each class of Certificates and the minimum denomination for each
Certificate will be set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
As to each series, one or more elections may be made to treat the related
Trust Fund or designated portions thereof as a "real estate mortgage investment
conduit" or "REMIC" as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the
"Code"). The related Prospectus Supplement will specify whether a REMIC election
is to be made and the terms and conditions applicable to the making of a REMIC
election, as well as any material federal income tax consequences to
Certificateholders not otherwise described herein. If such an election is made
with respect to a series, one of the classes of Certificates comprising such
series will be designated as evidencing all "residual interests" in the related
REMIC as defined under the Code. All other classes of Certificates in such a
series will constitute "regular interests" in the related REMIC as defined in
the Code. As to each series, all of the Certificates of each class offered
hereby will be rated in one of the four highest rating categories by one or more
nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (each, a "Rating
Agency"). As to each series with respect to which a REMIC election is to be
made, the Master Servicer or the Trustee will be obligated to take all actions
required in order to comply with applicable laws and regulations and, unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, will be obligated to
pay any Prohibited Transaction Taxes or Contribution Taxes arising out of a
breach of its obligations with respect to such compliance without any right of
reimbursement therefor from the Trust Fund or from any Certificateholder. Unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Prohibited
Transaction Tax or Contribution Tax resulting from any other cause will be
charged against the related Trust Fund, resulting in a reduction in amounts
otherwise distributable to Certificateholders. See "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences-REMICs-Prohibited Transactions Tax and Other Taxes".
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ASSIGNMENT OF TRUST FUND ASSETS
ASSIGNMENT OF MORTGAGE LOANS
At the time of issuance of any series of Certificates, the Depositor will
cause the Mortgage Loans comprising the Mortgage Pool included in the related
Trust Fund to be assigned to the Trustee, together with all principal and
interest received by or on behalf of the Depositor on or with respect to such
Mortgage Loans after the Cut-off Date, other than principal and interest due on
or before the Cut-off Date and other than any Retained Interest. (Section 2.01)
The Trustee will, concurrently with such assignment, deliver the Certificates to
the Depositor in exchange for the Trust Fund. (Section 2.06) Each Mortgage Loan
will be identified in a schedule appearing as an exhibit to the related
Agreement. Such schedule will include information as to the outstanding
principal balance of each Mortgage Loan after application of payments due on the
Cut-off Date, as well as information regarding the Interest Rate, the Net
Interest Rate, the Retained Interest, if any, the current scheduled monthly
payment of principal and interest, the maturity of the Mortgage Note, the Value
of the Mortgaged Property, the Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination and certain
other information with respect to the Mortgage Loans. As to any Mortgage Loan,
the "Net Interest Rate" is equal to the Interest Rate minus the sum of the rates
at which the servicing fees and the Retained Interest, if any, are calculated.
(Article I)
In addition, the Depositor will, with respect to each Mortgage Loan,
deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee (or to the custodian hereinafter
referred to):
(1) With respect to each Single-Family Loan and Multifamily Loan, the
Mortgage Note endorsed, without recourse, to the order of the Trustee, the
Mortgage with evidence of recording indicated thereon (except for any
Mortgage not returned from the public recording office, in which case the
Depositor will deliver or cause to be delivered a copy of such Mortgage
together with its certificate that the original of such Mortgage was
delivered to such recording office) and an assignment of the Mortgage to
the Trustee in recordable form. Unless otherwise provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor will promptly cause the assignment of
each related Mortgage Loan to be recorded in the appropriate public office
for real property records, except in the State of California or in other
states where, in the opinion of counsel acceptable to the Trustee, such
recording is not required to protect the Trustee's interest in the Mortgage
Loan against the claim of any subsequent transferee or any successor to or
creditor of the Depositor, the Master Servicer, the relevant Mortgage Loan
Seller or any other prior holder of the Mortgage Loan.
(Section 2.01)
(2) With respect to each Cooperative Loan, the Cooperative Note, the
original security agreement, the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement,
the related stock certificate and related stock powers endorsed in blank,
and a copy of the original filed financing statement together with an
assignment thereof to the Trustee in a form sufficient for filing. Unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor will
promptly cause the assignment and financing statement of each related
Cooperative Loan to be filed in the appropriate public office, except in
states where in the opinion of counsel acceptable to the Trustee, such
filing is not required to protect the Trustee's interest in the Cooperative
Loan against the claim of any subsequent transferee or any successor to or
creditor of the Depositor, the Master Servicer, the relevant Mortgage Loan
Seller or any prior holder of the Cooperative Loan (Section 2.01).
(3) With respect to each Contract, the original Contract endorsed,
without recourse, to the order of the Trustee and copies of documents and
instruments related to the Contract and the security interest in the
Manufactured Home securing the Contract, together with a blanket assignment
to the Trustee of all Contracts in the related Trust Fund and such
documents and instruments. In order to give notice of the right, title and
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interest of the Certificateholders to the Contracts, the Depositor will
cause to be executed and delivered to the Trustee a UCC-1 financing
statement identifying the Trustee as the secured party and identifying all
Contracts as collateral. (Section 2.01)
The Trustee (or the custodian hereinafter referred to) will review such
Mortgage Loan documents within 45 days after receipt thereof, and the Trustee
(or such custodian) will hold such documents in trust for the benefit of the
Certificateholders. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, if any such document is found to be missing or defective in any
material respect, the Trustee (or such custodian) shall immediately notify the
Master Servicer and the Depositor, and the Master Servicer shall immediately
notify the relevant Mortgage Loan Seller. If the Mortgage Loan Seller cannot
cure the omission or defect within 60 days after receipt of such notice, the
Mortgage Loan Seller will be obligated, within 90 days of receipt of such
notice, to repurchase the related Mortgage Loan from the Trustee at the Purchase
Price or substitute for such Mortgage Loan. There can be no assurance that a
Mortgage Loan Seller will fulfill this repurchase or substitution obligation.
Although the Master Servicer is obligated to use its best efforts to enforce
such obligation to the extent described above under "Mortgage Loan
Program-Representations by or on behalf of Mortgage Loan Sellers; Repurchases",
neither the Master Servicer nor the Depositor will be obligated to repurchase or
substitute for such Mortgage Loan if the Mortgage Loan Seller defaults on its
obligation. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
this repurchase or substitution obligation constitutes the sole remedy available
to the Certificateholders or the Trustee for omission of, or a material defect
in, a constituent document. (Section 2.03)
With respect to the Mortgage Loans in a Mortgage Pool, the Depositor will
make representations and warranties as to the types and geographical
concentration of such Mortgage Loans and as to the accuracy in all material
respects of certain identifying information furnished to the Trustee in respect
of each such Mortgage Loan (e.g., original Loan-to-Value Ratio, principal
balance as of the Cut-off Date, Interest Rate, Net Interest Rate and maturity).
In addition, the Depositor will represent and warrant that, as of the Cut-off
Date for the related series of Certificates, no Mortgage Loan was currently more
than 30 days delinquent as to payment of principal and interest and no Mortgage
Loan was more than 30 days delinquent more than once during the previous 12
months. Upon a breach of any such representation of the Depositor that
materially and adversely affects the value of a Mortgage Loan or the interests
of the Certificateholders therein, the Depositor will be obligated either to
cure the breach in all material respects, repurchase the Mortgage Loan at the
Purchase Price or substitute for such Mortgage Loan as described below.
Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, if the
Depositor discovers or receives notice of any breach of its representations or
warranties with respect to a Mortgage Loan, the Depositor may, rather than
repurchase the Mortgage Loan as provided above, remove such Mortgage Loan from
the Trust Fund (a "Deleted Mortgage Loan") and substitute in its place one or
more Mortgage Loans (each, a "Substitute Mortgage Loan"), but only if (i) with
respect to a Trust Fund for which a REMIC election is to be made, such
substitution is effected within two years of the date of initial issuance of the
Certificates or (ii) with respect to a Trust Fund for which no REMIC election is
to be made, such substitution is effected within 120 days of the date of initial
issuance of the Certificates. Except as otherwise provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, any Substitute Mortgage Loan will, on the date of
substitution, (i) have an outstanding principal balance, after deduction of all
scheduled payments due in the month of substitution, not in excess of (and not
more than $10,000 less than) the outstanding principal balance, after deduction
of all unpaid scheduled payments due as of the date of substitution, of the
Deleted Mortgage Loan, (ii) have an Interest Rate not less than (and not more
than 1% greater than) the Interest Rate of the Deleted Mortgage Loan, (iii) have
a Net Interest Rate equal to the Net Interest Rate of
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the Deleted Mortgage Loan, (iv) have a remaining term to maturity not
greater than (and not more than one year less than) that of the Deleted Mortgage
Loan (v) have a Lockout Date, if applicable, not earlier than the Lockout Date
on the Deleted Mortgage Loan and (vi) comply with all of the representations and
warranties set forth in the Agreement as of the date of substitution. In
connection with any substitution, an amount equal to the difference between the
Purchase Price of the Deleted Mortgage Loan and the outstanding principal
balance of the Substitute Mortgage Loan (after deduction of all scheduled
payments due in the month of substitution), together with one month's interest
at the applicable Net Mortgage Rate on such balance, will be deposited in the
Certificate Account and distributed to Certificateholders on the first
Distribution Date following the Prepayment Period in which the substitution
occurred. In the event that one mortgage loan is substituted for more than one
Deleted Mortgage Loan, or more than one mortgage loan is substituted for one or
more Deleted Mortgage Loans, then the amount described in clause (i) will be
determined on the basis of aggregate principal balances, the rates described in
clauses (ii) and (iii) with respect to Deleted Mortgage Loans will be determined
on the basis of weighted average Interest Rates and Net Interest Rates, as the
case may be, and the terms described in clause (iv) will be determined on the
basis of weighted average remaining terms to maturity and the Lockout Dates
described in clause (v) will be determined on the basis of weighted average
Lockout Dates.
With respect to any series as to which credit support is provided by means
of a mortgage pool insurance policy, in addition to making the representations
and warranties described above, the Depositor or the related Mortgage Loan
Seller (or another party on behalf of the related Mortgage Loan Seller), as
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, will represent and warrant to
the Trustee that no action has been taken or failed to be taken, no event has
occurred and no state of facts exists or has existed on or prior to the date of
the initial issuance of the Certificates which has resulted or will result in
the exclusion from, denial of or defense to coverage under any applicable
primary mortgage insurance policy, FHA insurance policy, mortgage pool insurance
policy, special hazard insurance policy or bankruptcy bond, irrespective of the
cause of such failure of coverage but excluding any failure of an insurer to pay
by reason of the insurer's own breach of its insurance policy or its financial
inability to pay (such representation being referred to herein as the
"insurability representation"). See "Description of Primary Insurance Policies"
and "Description of Credit Support" herein and in the related Prospectus
Supplement for information regarding the extent of coverage under the
aforementioned insurance policies. Upon a breach of the insurability
representation which materially and adversely affects the interests of the
Certificateholders in a Mortgage Loan, the Depositor or the Mortgage Loan
Seller, as the case may be, will be obligated either to cure the breach in all
material respects or to purchase such Mortgage Loan at the Purchase Price,
subject to the limitations specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The
related Prospectus Supplement may provide that the performance of an obligation
to repurchase Mortgage Loans following a breach of an insurability
representation will be ensured in the manner specified therein.
The obligation to repurchase or, other than with respect to the
insurability representation if applicable, to substitute Mortgage Loans as
described above constitutes the sole remedy available to the Certificateholders
or the Trustee for any breach of the above described representations. (Section
2.03)
The Master Servicer will make certain representations and warranties
regarding its authority to enter into, and its ability to perform its
obligations under, the Agreement. Upon a breach of any such representation of
the Master Servicer which materially and adversely affects the interests of the
Certificateholders, the Master Servicer will be obligated to cure the breach in
all material respects. (Section 2.05)
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ASSIGNMENT OF AGENCY SECURITIES
The Depositor will cause the Agency Securities to be registered in the name
of the Trustee or its nominee, and the Trustee concurrently will execute,
countersign and deliver the Certificates. Each Agency Security will be
identified in a schedule appearing as an exhibit to the Agreement, which will
specify as to each Agency Security the original principal amount and outstanding
principal balance as of the Cut-off Date, the annual pass-through rate (if any)
and the maturity date.
ASSIGNMENT OF PRIVATE MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
The Depositor will cause Private Mortgage-Backed Securities to be
registered in the name of the Trustee. The Trustee (or the custodian) will have
possession of any certificated Private Mortgage-Backed Securities. Unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trustee will not
be in possession of or be assignee of record of any underlying assets for a
Private Mortgage-Backed Security. See "The Trust Funds-Private Mortgage-Backed
Securities" herein. Each Private Mortgage-Backed Security will be identified in
a schedule appearing as an exhibit to the related Agreement which will specify
the original principal amount, outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off
Date, annual pass-through rate or interest rate and maturity date for each
Private Mortgage-Backed Security conveyed to the Trustee.
DEPOSITS TO CERTIFICATE ACCOUNT
The Master Servicer and/or the Trustee will, as to each Trust Fund,
establish and maintain or cause to be established and maintained one or more
separate accounts for the collection of payments on the related Trust Fund
Assets (collectively, the "Certificate Account"), which must be either (i)
maintained with a bank or trust company, and in a manner, satisfactory to the
Rating Agency or Agencies rating any class of Certificates of such series or
(ii) an account or accounts the deposits in which are insured by the BIF or the
SAIF (to the limits established by the FDIC) and the uninsured deposits in which
are otherwise secured such that the Certificateholders have a claim with respect
to the funds in the Certificate Account or a perfected first priority security
interest against any collateral securing such funds that is superior to the
claims of any other depositors or general creditors of the institution with
which the Certificate Account is maintained. The collateral eligible to secure
amounts in the Certificate Account is limited to United States government
securities and other high-quality investments specified in the Agreement
("Permitted Investments"). (Section 3.12) A Certificate Account may be
maintained as an interest bearing or a non-interest bearing account, or the
funds held therein may be invested pending each succeeding Distribution Date in
Permitted Investments. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, any interest or other income earned on funds in the Certificate
Account will be paid to the Master Servicer or the Trustee or their designee as
additional compensation. The Certificate Account may be maintained with an
institution that is an affiliate of the Master Servicer or the Trustee, provided
that such institution meets the standards set forth above. If permitted by the
Rating Agency or Agencies and so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
a Certificate Account may contain funds relating to more than one series of
pass-through certificates and may, if applicable, contain other funds respecting
payments on mortgage loans belonging to the Master Servicer or serviced or
master serviced by it on behalf of others. (Article I; Section 3.10)
Each Sub-Servicer servicing a Mortgage Loan pursuant to a Sub-Servicing
Agreement will establish and maintain one or more separate accounts which may be
interest bearing and which will comply with the standards with respect to
Certificate Accounts set forth above or such other standards as may be
acceptable to the Master Servicer (collectively, the "Sub-
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Servicing Account"). The Sub-Servicer is required to credit to the related
Sub-Servicing Account on a daily basis the amount of all proceeds of Mortgage
Loans received by the Sub-Servicer, less its servicing compensation. The
Sub-Servicer shall remit to the Master Servicer by wire transfer of immediately
available funds all funds held in the Sub-Servicing Account with respect to each
Mortgage Loan on the monthly remittance date or dates specified in the related
Agreement. (Section 3.08)
PAYMENTS ON MORTGAGE LOAN
The Master Servicer will deposit or cause to be deposited in the
Certificate Account for each Trust Fund including Mortgage Loans on a daily
basis, unless otherwise provided in the Agreement and described in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the following payments and collections received, or
advances made, by the Master Servicer or on its behalf subsequent to the Cut-off
Date (other than payments due on or before the Cut-off Date, and exclusive of
any amounts representing a Retained Interest):
(i) all payments on account of principal, including
principal prepayments, on the Mortgage Loans;
(ii) all payments on account of interest on the Mortgage Loans, net
of any portion thereof retained by the Master Servicer or by a Sub-Servicer
as its servicing compensation and net of any Retained Interest;
(iii) all proceeds of the hazard insurance policies and any special
hazard insurance policy (to the extent such proceeds are not applied to the
restoration of the property or released to the mortgagor in accordance with
the normal servicing procedures of the Master Servicer or the related
Sub-Servicer, subject to the terms and conditions of the related Mortgage
and Mortgage Note), any primary mortgage insurance policy, any FHA
insurance policy, any bankruptcy bond and any mortgage pool insurance
policy (collectively, "Insurance Proceeds") and all other amounts received
and retained in connection with the liquidation of defaulted Mortgage
Loans, by foreclosure or otherwise ("Liquidation Proceeds"), together with
the net proceeds on a monthly basis with respect to any Mortgaged
Properties acquired for the benefit of Certificateholders by foreclosure or
by deed in lieu of foreclosure or otherwise;
(iv) any amounts required to be paid under any letter of credit, as
described below under "Description of Credit Support-Letter of Credit";
(v) any advances made as described below under "Advances
in respect of Delinquencies";
(vi) if applicable, all amounts required to be transferred to the
Certificate Account from a reserve fund, as described below under
"Description of Credit Support-Reserve Funds";
(vii) any Buydown Funds (and, if applicable, investment earnings
thereon) required to be deposited in the Certificate Account as described
below;
(viii) all proceeds of any Mortgage Loan or property in respect thereof
purchased by the Master Servicer, the Depositor, any Sub-Servicer or any
Mortgage Loan Seller as described under "Mortgage Loan
Program-Representations by or on behalf of Mortgage Loan Sellers;
Repurchases" or "-Assignment of Trust Fund Assets" above, exclusive of the
Retained Interest, if any, in respect of such Mortgage Loan, and all
proceeds of any Mortgage Loan repurchased as described under "Termination"
below;
(ix) all payments required to be deposited in the Certificate Account
with respect to any deductible clause in any blanket insurance policy
described under "Description of Primary Insurance Policies-Primary Hazard
Insurance Policies"; and
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(x) any amount required to be deposited by the Master
Servicer in connection with losses realized on investments
for the benefit of the Master Servicer of funds held in the
Certificate Account. (Section 3.10)
With respect to each Buydown Mortgage Loan, the Master Servicer, or a
Sub-Servicer, will deposit related Buydown Funds in a custodial account, which
may be interest bearing, and that otherwise meets the standards for Certificate
Accounts set forth above (a "Buydown Account"). Unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the terms of all Buydown Mortgage Loans
provide for the contribution of Buydown Funds in an amount not less than either
(i) the total payments to be made from such funds pursuant to the related
buydown plan or (ii) if such Buydown Funds are present valued, that amount that,
together with investment earnings thereon at a specified rate, compounded
monthly, will support the scheduled level of payments due under the Buydown
Mortgage Loan. Neither the Master Servicer, the SubServicer nor the Depositor
will be obligated to add to such Buydown Funds any of its own funds should
investment earnings prove insufficient to maintain the scheduled level of
payments. To the extent that any such insufficiency is not recoverable from the
borrower, distributions to Certificateholders will be affected. With respect to
each Buydown Mortgage Loan, the Master Servicer will deposit in the Certificate
Account the amount, if any, of the Buydown Funds (and, if applicable, investment
earnings thereon) for each Buydown Mortgage Loan that, when added to the amount
due from the borrower on such Buydown Mortgage Loan, equals the full monthly
payment which would be due on the Buydown Mortgage Loan if it were not subject
to the buydown plan.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, in the
event a Buydown Mortgage Loan is prepaid in full or liquidated, the related
Buydown Funds will be applied as follows. If the mortgagor on a Buydown Mortgage
Loan prepays such loan in its entirety during the Buydown Period, the Master
Servicer will withdraw from the Buydown Account and remit to the mortgagor in
accordance with the related buydown plan any Buydown Funds remaining in the
Buydown Account. If a prepayment by a mortgagor during the Buydown Period
together with Buydown Funds will result in a prepayment in full, the Master
Servicer will withdraw from the Buydown Account for deposit in the Certificate
Account the Buydown Funds and investment earnings thereon, if any, which
together with such prepayment will result in a prepayment in full. If the
mortgagor defaults during the Buydown Period with respect to a Buydown Mortgage
Loan and the Mortgaged Property is sold in liquidation (either by the Master
Servicer or the insurer under any related insurance policy), the Master Servicer
will withdraw from the Buydown Account the Buydown Funds and all investment
earnings thereon, if any, for deposit in the Certificate Account or remit the
same to the insurer if the Mortgaged Property is transferred to such insurer and
such insurer pays all of the loss incurred in respect of such default. In the
case of any such prepaid or defaulted Buydown Mortgage Loan the Buydown Funds in
respect of which were supplemented by investment earnings, the Master Servicer
will withdraw from the Buydown Account and either deposit in the Certificate
Account or remit to the borrower, depending upon the terms of the buydown plan,
any investment earnings remaining in the related Buydown Account.
Any Buydown Funds, and any investment earnings thereon, deposited in the
Certificate Account in connection with a full prepayment of the related Mortgage
Loan will be deemed to reduce the amount that would be required to be paid by
the borrower to repay fully the related Mortgage Loan if the Mortgage Loan were
not subject to the buydown plan. (Section 3.25)
PAYMENTS ON AGENCY SECURITIES AND PRIVATE MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
The Agency Securities and Private Mortgage-Backed Securities included in a
Trust Fund will be registered in the name of the Trustee so that all
distributions thereon will be made directly to the Trustee. The Trustee will
deposit or cause to be deposited into the Certificate
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Account for each Trust Fund including Agency Securities and Private
Mortgage-Backed Securities as and when received, unless otherwise provided in
the Agreement, all distributions received by the Trustee with respect to the
related Agency Securities and Private MortgageBacked Securities (other than
payments due on or before the Cutoff Date and exclusive of any trust
administration fee and amounts representing the Retained Interest, if any).
DISTRIBUTIONS
Distributions allocable to principal and interest on the Certificates of
each series will be made by or on behalf of the Trustee on each Distribution
Date as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Except as otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, distributions will be made to
the persons in whose names the Certificates are registered at the close of
business on the last business day of the month preceding the month in which the
Distribution Date occurs (the "Record Date"), and the amount of each
distribution will be determined as of the close of business on the date
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement (the "Determination Date"). All
distributions with respect to each class of Certificates on each Distribution
Date will be allocated pro rata among the outstanding Certificates in such
class. Payments to the holders of Certificates of any class on each Distribution
Date will be made to the Certificateholders of the respective class of record on
the next preceding Record Date (other than in respect of the final
distribution), based on the aggregate fractional undivided interests in that
class represented by their respective Certificates. Payments will be made either
by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account of a
Certificateholder at a bank or other entity having appropriate facilities
therefor, if such Certificateholder has so notified the Depositor or its
designee no later than the date specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
(and, if so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, holds Certificates in
the requisite amount specified therein), or by check mailed to the address of
the person entitled thereto as it appears on the Certificate Register; provided,
however, that the final distribution in retirement of the Certificates will be
made only upon presentation and surrender of the Certificates at the office or
agency of the Depositor or its agent specified in the notice to
Certificateholders of such final distribution. (Sections 4.01 and 9.01)
AVAILABLE DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT
All distributions on the Certificates of each series on each Distribution
Date will be made from the Available Distribution Amount described below, in
accordance with the terms described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Unless
provided otherwise in the related Prospectus Supplement, the "Available
Distribution Amount" for each Distribution Date equals the sum of the following
amounts:
(i) the total amount of all cash on deposit in the related
Certificate Account as of the corresponding Determination Date, exclusive
of:
(a) all scheduled payments of principal and interest collected
but due on a date subsequent to the related Due Period (unless the
related Prospectus Supplement provides otherwise, a "Due Period" with
respect to any Distribution Date will commence on the second day of
the month in which the immediately preceding Distribution Date occurs,
or the day after the Cut-off Date in the case of the first Due Period,
and will end on the first day of the month of the related Distribution
Date),
(b) all prepayments, together with related payments of the
interest thereon, Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds and other
unscheduled recoveries received subsequent to the related Prepayment
Period, and
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(c) all amounts in the Certificate Account that are due or
reimbursable to the Depositor, the Trustee, a Mortgage Loan Seller, a
Sub-Servicer or the Master Servicer or that are payable in respect of
certain expenses of the related Trust Fund;
(ii) if the related Prospectus Supplement so provides,
interest or investment income on amounts on deposit in the
Certificate Account;
(iii) all advances with respect to such Distribution Date;
(iv) if and to the extent the related Prospectus Supplement so
provides, amounts paid with respect to interest shortfalls resulting from
prepayments during the related Prepayment Period; and
(v) to the extent not on deposit in the related Certificate Account
as of the corresponding Determination Date, any amounts collected under,
from or in respect of any Credit Support with respect to such Distribution
Date.
As described below, the entire Available Distribution Amount will be
distributed among the related Certificates (including any Certificates not
offered hereby) on each Distribution Date, and accordingly will be released from
the Trust Fund and will not be available for any future distributions.
INTEREST ON THE CERTIFICATES
Each class of Certificates (other than certain classes of Strip
Certificates) may have a different Pass-Through Rate, which may be a fixed,
variable or adjustable Pass-Through Rate. The related Prospectus Supplement will
specify the Pass-Through Rate for each class, or, in the case of a variable or
adjustable Pass-Through Rate, the method for determining the Pass-Through Rate.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, interest on the
Certificates will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of
twelve 30-day months.
With respect to each series of Certificates and each Distribution Date, the
"Accrued Certificate Interest" distributable on each Certificate, other than
certain classes of Strip Certificates, will be equal to one month's interest on
the outstanding Certificate Principal Balance thereof immediately prior to the
Distribution Date, at the applicable Pass-Through Rate, subject to the
following. As to each Strip Certificate with no or, in certain cases, a nominal
Certificate Principal Balance, the Accrued Certificate Interest with respect to
any Distribution Date will equal one month's Stripped Interest. Unless otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Accrued Certificate Interest
on each Certificate of a series will be reduced in the event of shortfalls in
collections of interest resulting from prepayments on Mortgage Loans, with that
shortfall allocated among all of the Certificates of that series in the manner
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "Yield Considerations".
PRINCIPAL OF THE CERTIFICATES
Unless the related Prospectus Supplement provides otherwise, each
Certificate will have a "Certificate Principal Balance" which, at any time, will
equal the maximum amount that the holder will be entitled to receive in respect
of principal out of the future cash flow on the Trust Fund Assets and other
assets included in the related Trust Fund. With respect to each such
Certificate, distributions generally will be applied to undistributed accrued
interest thereon, and thereafter to principal. The outstanding Certificate
Principal Balance of a Certificate will be reduced to the extent of
distributions of principal thereon, and in the case of Certificates evidencing
an interest in Mortgage Loans, by the amount of any Realized Losses, as defined
below, allocated thereto. Unless the related Prospectus Supplement provides
otherwise, the initial aggregate Certificate Principal Balance of all classes of
Certificates of a series will equal the outstanding aggregate principal balance
of the related
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Trust Fund Assets as of the applicable Cut-off Date. The initial aggregate
Certificate Principal Balance of a series and each class thereof will be
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, distributions of principal will be made on each
Distribution Date to the class or classes of Certificates entitled thereto until
the Certificate Principal Balance of such class has been reduced to zero. With
respect to a Senior/Subordinate Series, unless otherwise provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, distributions allocable to principal of a class of
Certificates will be based on the percentage interest in the related Trust Fund
evidenced by such class (with respect to the Senior Certificates, the "Senior
Percentage"), which in turn will be based on the Certificate Principal Balance
of such class as compared to the Certificate Principal Balance of all classes of
Certificates of such series. Distributions of principal of any class of
Certificates will be made on a pro rata basis among all of the Certificates of
such class. Strip Certificates with no Certificate Principal Balance will not
receive distributions of principal.
ALLOCATION OF LOSSES
With respect to any defaulted Mortgage Loan that is finally liquidated,
through foreclosure sale or otherwise (a "Liquidated Loan"), the amount of the
Realized Loss incurred in connection with such liquidation will equal the
excess, if any, of the unpaid principal balance of the Liquidated Loan
immediately prior to liquidation, over the aggregate amount of Liquidation
Proceeds derived from such liquidation remaining after application of such
proceeds to unpaid accrued interest on the Liquidated Loan and to reimburse the
Master Servicer or any SubServicer for related unreimbursed servicing expenses.
With respect to certain Mortgage Loans the principal balances of which have been
reduced in connection with bankruptcy proceedings, the amount of such reduction
(a "Deficient Valuation") also will be treated as a Realized Loss. As to any
series of Certificates other than a Senior/Subordinate Series, unless specified
otherwise in the related Prospectus Supplement, any Realized Loss not covered as
described under "Description of Credit Support" will be allocated among all of
the Certificates on a pro rata basis.
ADVANCES IN RESPECT OF DELINQUENCIES
With respect to any series of Certificates evidencing interests in a Trust
Fund consisting of Mortgage Loans, other than a Senior/Subordinate Series,
unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Master
Servicer will advance on or before each Distribution Date its own funds or funds
held in the Certificate Account that are not included in the Available
Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date, in an amount equal to the
aggregate of payments of principal and interest (net of related servicing fees
and Retained Interest) that were due during the related Due Period and were
delinquent on the related Determination Date, subject to the Master Servicer's
good faith determination that such advances will be reimbursable from Related
Proceeds (as defined below). See "Description of Primary Insurance Policies" and
"Description of Credit Support".
With respect to any Senior/Subordinate Series, unless otherwise provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer will advance on each
Distribution Date its own funds or funds held in the Certificate Account which
are not included in the Available Distribution Amount for such Distribution
Date, in an aggregate amount equal to the lesser of (a) the total of all amounts
required to be distributed on each class of Senior Certificates and Strip
Certificates, if any, on such Distribution Date which remain after applying
towards such payment the entire Available Distribution Amount, including funds
otherwise payable to the Subordinate Certificateholders but excluding such
advance, and (b) the aggregate of payments of principal and interest (net of
related servicing fees and Retained Interest) that were due during the related
Due Period and were delinquent on the related Determination Date. Alternatively,
for a Senior/Subordinate Series, the Master Servicer may be obligated to
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make advances in the manner provided in the preceding paragraph. In either
case, the Master Servicer will, unless the related Prospectus Supplement
provides otherwise, be obligated to make such advances regardless of
recoverability from the related Mortgage Loans to the extent that the
Certificate Principal Balance of the Subordinate Certificates is greater than
zero. Thereafter, such advances are required to be made only to the extent they
are deemed by the Master Servicer to be recoverable from Related Proceeds,
unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. See
"Description of Primary Insurance Policies" and "Description of Credit Support".
Advances are intended to maintain a regular flow of scheduled interest and
principal payments to holders of the class or classes of Certificates entitled
thereto, rather than to guarantee or insure against losses. Unless otherwise
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, advances of the Master Servicer's
funds will be reimbursable only out of related recoveries on the Mortgage Loans
(including amounts received under any form of Credit Support) respecting which
such advances were made (as to any Mortgage Loan, "Related Proceeds") and, in
the case of a Senior/Subordinate Series, out of any amounts otherwise
distributable on the Subordinate Certificates of such series; provided, however,
that any such advance will be reimbursable from any amounts in the Certificate
Account to the extent that the Master Servicer shall determine that such advance
(a "Nonrecoverable Advance") is not ultimately recoverable from Related Proceeds
and, in the case of a Senior/Subordinate Series, the Certificate Principal
Balance of the Subordinate Certificates has been reduced to zero. If advances
have been made by the Master Servicer from excess funds in the Certificate
Account, the Master Servicer will replace such funds in the Certificate Account
on any future Distribution Date to the extent that funds in the Certificate
Account on such Distribution Date are less than payments required to be made to
Certificateholders on such date. (Section 4.03) If so specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the obligations of the Master Servicer to make advances
may be secured by a cash advance reserve fund or a surety bond. If applicable,
information regarding the characteristics of, and the identity of any obligor
on, any such surety bond, will be set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
REPORTS TO CERTIFICATEHOLDERS
With each distribution to holders of any class of Certificates of a series,
the Master Servicer or the Trustee, will forward or cause to be forwarded to
each such holder, to the Depositor and to such other parties as may be specified
in the related Agreement, a statement setting forth:
(i) the amount of such distribution to holders of
Certificates of such class applied to reduce the Certificate
Principal Balance thereof;
(ii) the amount of such distribution to holders of
Certificates of such class allocable to Accrued Certificate
Interest;
(iii) the amount of related administration or servicing
compensation received by the Trustee or the Master Servicer and any
Sub-Servicer and such other customary information as the Master Servicer
deems necessary or desirable, or that a Certificateholder reasonably
requests, to enable Certificateholders to prepare their tax returns;
(iv) if applicable, the aggregate amount of advances included in
such distribution, and the aggregate amount of unreimbursed advances at the
close of business on such Distribution Date;
(v) the aggregate Stated Principal Balance of the
Mortgage Loans at the close of business on such Distribution
Date;
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(vi) the number and aggregate Stated Principal Balance of
Mortgage Loans (a) delinquent one month, (b) delinquent two or more months,
and (c) as to which foreclosure proceedings have been commenced;
(vii) with respect to any Mortgaged Property acquired on behalf of
Certificateholders through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure
during the preceding calendar month, the Stated Principal Balance of the
related Mortgage Loan as of the close of business on the Distribution Date
in such month;
(viii) the book value of any Mortgaged Property acquired on behalf
of Certificateholders through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure as
of the close of business on the last business day of the calendar month
preceding the Distribution Date;
(ix) the aggregate Certificate Principal Balance of each class of
Certificates (including any class of Certificates not offered hereby) at
the close of business on such Distribution Date, separately identifying any
reduction in such Certificate Principal Balance due to the allocation of
any Realized Loss;
(x) the Special Hazard Subordination Amount, if any, at
the close of business on such Distribution Date;
(xi) the aggregate amount of principal prepayments made
and Realized Losses incurred during the related Prepayment
Period;
(xii) the amount deposited in the Reserve Fund, if any,
on such Distribution Date;
(xiii) the amount remaining in the Reserve Fund, if any,
as of the close of business on such Distribution Date;
(xiv) the aggregate unpaid Accrued Certificate Interest, if any,
on each class of Certificates at the close of business on such Distribution
Date;
(xv) in the case of Certificates with a variable PassThrough
Rate, the Pass-Through Rate applicable to such Distribution Date, as
calculated in accordance with the method specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement;
(xvi) in the case of Certificates with an adjustable Pass-Through
Rate, for statements to be distributed in any month in which an adjustment
date occurs, the adjustable Pass-Through Rate applicable to the next
succeeding Distribution Date as calculated in accordance with the method
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement; and
(xvii) as to any series which includes Credit Support, the amount
of coverage of each instrument of Credit Support included therein as of the
close of business on such Distribution Date.
In the case of information furnished pursuant to subclauses (i)-(iii)
above, the amounts shall be expressed as a dollar amount per minimum
denomination of Certificates or for such other specified portion thereof.
Within a reasonable period of time after the end of each calendar year, the
Master Servicer or the Trustee, as provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, shall furnish to each person who at any time during the calendar
year was a holder of a Certificate a statement containing the information set
forth in subclauses (i)-(iii) above, aggregated for such calendar year or the
applicable portion thereof during which such person was a Certificateholder.
Such obligation of the Master Servicer or the Trustee shall be deemed to have
been satisfied to the extent that substantially comparable information shall be
provided by the Master Servicer or the Trustee pursuant to any requirements of
the Code as are from time to time in force. (Section 4.02)
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COLLECTION AND OTHER SERVICING PROCEDURES
The Master Servicer, directly or through Sub-Servicers, will make
reasonable efforts to collect all scheduled payments under the Mortgage Loans
and will follow or cause to be followed such collection procedures as it would
follow with respect to mortgage loans that are comparable to the Mortgage Loans
and held for its own account, provided such procedures are consistent with the
Agreement and any related insurance policy, bankruptcy bond, letter of credit or
other instrument described under "Description of Primary Insurance Policies" or
"Description of Credit Support" (any such instrument providing coverage as to
losses resulting from physical damage, a "Hazard Insurance Instrument", any such
instrument providing coverage as to credit or other risks, a "Credit Insurance
Instrument", and collectively, the "Insurance Instruments"). Consistent with the
above, the Master Servicer may, in its discretion, waive any late payment charge
in respect of a late Mortgage Loan payment and, only upon determining that the
coverage under any related Insurance Instrument will not be affected, extend or
cause to be extended the due dates for payments due on a Mortgage Note for
a period not greater than 125 days. (Section 3.07)
In any case in which property securing a Mortgage Loan, other than a
Multifamily Loan, has been, or is about to be, conveyed by the borrower, or in
any case in which property securing a Multifamily Loan has been, or is about to
be encumbered by the borrower, the Master Servicer will, to the extent it has
knowledge of such conveyance, encumbrance, proposed conveyance or encumbrance,
exercise or cause to be exercised on behalf of the related Trust Fund the
lender's rights to accelerate the maturity of such Mortgage Loan under any
due-on-sale or due-on-encumbrance clause applicable thereto, but only if the
exercise of any such rights is permitted by applicable law and will not impair
or threaten to impair any recovery under any related Insurance Instrument. If
these conditions are not met or if the Master Servicer reasonably believes it is
unable under applicable law to enforce such due-on-sale or due-on-encumbrance
clause, the Master Servicer will enter into or cause to be entered into an
assumption and modification agreement with the person to whom such property has
been or is about to be conveyed or encumbered, pursuant to which such person
becomes liable under the Mortgage Note, Cooperative Note or Contract and, to the
extent permitted by applicable law, the borrower remains liable thereon. Any fee
collected by or on behalf of the Master Servicer for entering into an assumption
agreement will be retained by or on behalf of the Master Servicer as additional
servicing compensation. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage
Loans-Enforceability of Certain Provisions". In connection with any such
assumption, the terms of the related Mortgage Loan may not be changed. (Section
3.15)
With respect to Multifamily Loans, the related mortgagor's failure to make
required payments may reflect inadequate operating income or the diversion of
that income from the service of payments due under the Multifamily Loan, and may
call into question such mortgagor's ability to make timely payment of taxes and
to pay for necessary maintenance of the related Mortgaged Property. The Master
Servicer will monitor any Multifamily Loan which is in default, contact the
mortgagor concerning the default, evaluate whether the causes of the default can
be cured over a reasonable period without significant impairment of the value of
the Mortgaged Property, initiate corrective action in cooperation with the
mortgagor if cure is likely, inspect the Mortgaged Property and take such other
actions as it would normally take with respect to similar loans serviced for its
own portfolio. A significant period of time may elapse before the Master
Servicer is able to assess the success of such corrective action or the need for
additional initiatives. Alternatively, the Master Servicer may determine to
institute foreclosure proceedings with respect to a Multifamily Loan soon after
default.
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SUB-SERVICING
Any Master Servicer may delegate its servicing obligations in respect of
the Mortgage Loans to third-party servicers (each, a "Sub-Servicer"), but such
Master Servicer will remain obligated under the related Agreement. Each
Sub-Servicer will be required to perform the customary functions of a servicer
of comparable loans, including collecting payments from borrowers and remitting
such collections to the Master Servicer; maintaining primary hazard insurance as
described herein and in any related Prospectus Supplement, and filing and
settling claims thereunder, subject in certain cases to the right of the Master
Servicer to approve in advance any such settlement; maintaining escrow or
impoundment accounts of borrowers for payment of taxes, insurance and other
items required to be paid by any borrower pursuant to the Mortgage Loan;
processing assumptions or substitutions, although, unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer is generally required to
exercise due-on-sale clauses to the extent such exercise is permitted by law and
would not adversely affect insurance coverage; attempting to cure delinquencies;
supervising foreclosures or repossessions; inspecting and managing Mortgaged
Properties under certain circumstances; and maintaining accounting records
relating to the Mortgage Loans. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer will be responsible for filing and
settling claims in respect of Mortgage Loans in a particular Mortgage Pool under
any applicable mortgage pool insurance policy, bankruptcy bond, special hazard
insurance policy or letter of credit. See "Description of Credit Support".
The sub-servicing agreement between any Master Servicer and a Sub-Servicer
(a "Sub-Servicing Agreement") will be consistent with the terms of the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement and will not result in a withdrawal or
downgrading of any class of Certificates issued pursuant to such Pooling and
Servicing Agreement. Although each Sub-Servicing Agreement will be a contract
solely between the Master Servicer and the SubServicer, the Agreement pursuant
to which a series of Certificates is issued will provide that, if for any reason
the Master Servicer for such series of Certificates is no longer acting in such
capacity, the Trustee or any successor Master Servicer must recognize the
Sub-Servicer's rights and obligations under such Sub-Servicing Agreement.
The Master Servicer will be solely liable for all fees owed by it to any
Sub-Servicer, irrespective of whether the Master Servicer's compensation
pursuant to the related Agreement is sufficient to pay such fees. However, a
Sub-Servicer may be entitled to a Retained Interest in certain Mortgage Loans.
Each Sub-Servicer will be reimbursed by the Master Servicer for certain
expenditures which it makes, generally to the same extent the Master Servicer
would be reimbursed under a Pooling and Servicing Agreement. See "Description of
the Certificates-Retained Interest, Servicing Compensation and Payment of
Expenses".
The Master Servicer may require any Sub-Servicer to agree to indemnify the
Master Servicer for any liability or obligation sustained by the Master Servicer
in connection with any act or failure to act by the Sub-Servicer in its
servicing capacity. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, each Sub-Servicer is required to maintain a fidelity bond and an
errors and omissions policy with respect to its officers, employees and other
persons acting on its behalf or on behalf of the Master Servicer.
REALIZATION UPON DEFAULTED MORTGAGE LOANS
As servicer of the Mortgage Loans, the Master Servicer, on behalf of
itself, the Trustee and the Certificateholders, will present claims to the
insurer under each Insurance Instrument, and will take such reasonable steps as
are necessary to receive payment or to permit recovery thereunder with respect
to defaulted Mortgage Loans. As set forth above, all collections by or on behalf
of the Master Servicer under any Insurance Instrument, other than amounts to
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be applied to the restoration of a Mortgaged Property or released to the
mortgagor, are to be deposited in the Certificate Account for the related Trust
Fund, subject to withdrawal as heretofore described. Unless otherwise provided
in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a series of Certificates, the Master
Servicer or its designee will not receive payment under any letter of credit
included as an Insurance Instrument with respect to a defaulted Mortgage Loan
unless all Liquidation Proceeds and Insurance Proceeds which it deems to be
finally recoverable have been realized; however, the Master Servicer will be
entitled to reimbursement for any unreimbursed advances and reimbursable
expenses thereunder. (Section 3.16)
If any property securing a defaulted Mortgage Loan is damaged and proceeds,
if any, from the related Hazard Insurance Instrument are insufficient to restore
the damaged property to a condition sufficient to permit recovery under the
related Credit Insurance Instrument, if any, the Master Servicer is not required
to expend its own funds to restore the damaged property unless it determines (i)
that such restoration will increase the proceeds to Certificateholders on
liquidation of the Mortgage Loan after reimbursement of the Master Servicer for
its expenses and (ii) that such expenses will be recoverable by it from related
Insurance Proceeds or Liquidation Proceeds. (Section 3.16)
If recovery on a defaulted Mortgage Loan under any related Credit Insurance
Instrument is not available for the reasons set forth in the preceding
paragraph, the Master Servicer nevertheless will be obligated to follow or cause
to be followed such normal practices and procedures as it deems necessary or
advisable to realize upon the defaulted Mortgage Loan. (Section 3.16) If the
proceeds of any liquidation of the property securing the defaulted Mortgage Loan
are less than the outstanding principal balance of the defaulted Mortgage Loan
plus interest accrued thereon at the Interest Rate plus the aggregate amount of
expenses incurred by the Master Servicer in connection with such proceedings and
which are reimbursable under the Agreement, the Trust Fund will realize a loss
in the amount of such difference. The Master Servicer will be entitled to
withdraw or cause to be withdrawn from the Certificate Account out of the
Liquidation Proceeds recovered on any defaulted Mortgage Loan, prior to the
distribution of such Liquidation Proceeds to Certificateholders, amounts
representing its normal servicing compensation on the Mortgage Loan,
unreimbursed servicing expenses incurred with respect to the Mortgage Loan and
any unreimbursed advances of delinquent monthly payments made with respect to
the Mortgage Loan. (Section 3.11)
If the Master Servicer or its designee recovers Insurance Proceeds with
respect to any defaulted Mortgage Loan, the Master Servicer will be entitled to
withdraw or cause to be withdrawn from the Certificate Account out of such
proceeds, prior to distribution thereof to Certificateholders, amounts
representing its normal servicing compensation on such Mortgage Loan,
unreimbursed servicing expenses incurred with respect to the Mortgage Loan and
any unreimbursed advances of delinquent monthly payments made with respect to
the Mortgage Loan. (Section 3.11) In the event that the Master Servicer has
expended its own funds to restore damaged property and such funds have not been
reimbursed under any Insurance Instrument, it will be entitled to withdraw from
the Certificate Account out of related Liquidation Proceeds or Insurance
Proceeds an amount equal to such expenses incurred by it, in which event the
Trust Fund may realize a loss up to the amount so charged. (Section 3.11)
Because Insurance Proceeds cannot exceed deficiency claims and certain expenses
incurred by the Master Servicer, no such payment or recovery will result in a
recovery to the Trust Fund which exceeds the principal balance of the defaulted
Mortgage Loan together with accrued interest thereon at the Net Interest Rate.
In addition, when property securing a defaulted Mortgage Loan can be resold for
an amount exceeding the outstanding principal balance of the related Mortgage
Loan together with accrued interest and expenses, it may be expected that, if
retention of any such amount is legally permissible, the insurer will exercise
its right under any related mortgage pool insurance policy to purchase such
property and
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realize for itself any excess proceeds. See "Description of Primary Insurance
Policies" and "Description of Credit Support".
With respect to collateral securing a Cooperative Loan, any prospective
purchaser will generally have to obtain the approval of the board of directors
of the relevant Cooperative before purchasing the shares and acquiring rights
under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement securing the Cooperative
Loan. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans-Foreclosure on Cooperatives".
This approval is usually based on the purchaser's income and net worth and
numerous other factors. The necessity of acquiring such approval could limit the
number of potential purchasers for those shares and otherwise limit the Master
Servicer's ability to sell, and realize the value of, those shares.
RETAINED INTEREST; SERVICING OR ADMINISTRATION COMPENSATION AND PAYMENT OF
EXPENSES
The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Certificates will specify whether
there will be any Retained Interest in the Trust Fund Assets, and, if so, the
owner thereof. If so, the Retained Interest will be established on a
loan-by-loan basis and will be specified on an exhibit to the related Agreement.
A Retained Interest in a Trust Fund Asset represents a specified portion of the
interest payable thereon. The Retained Interest will be deducted from borrower
payments as received and will not be part of the related Trust Fund. Any partial
recovery of interest on a Mortgage Loan, after deduction of all applicable
servicing fees, will be allocated between Retained Interest (if any) and
interest at the Net Interest Rate on a pari passu basis.
The Master Servicer's (or in the case of a Trust Fund consisting of Agency
Securities or Private Mortgage-Backed Securities if specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Trustee's) primary compensation with respect to a
series of Certificates will come from the monthly payment to it, with respect to
each interest payment on a Trust Fund Asset, of an amount equal to one-twelfth
of the difference between the Interest Rate (minus the rate at which the
Retained Interest, if any, is calculated) and the Net Interest Rate times the
scheduled principal balance of such Trust Fund Asset. Since any Retained
Interest and the Master Servicer's (or the Trustee's) primary compensation are
percentages of the scheduled principal balance of each Trust Fund Asset, such
amounts will decrease in accordance with the amortization schedule of the Trust
Fund Assets. As additional compensation in connection with a series of
Certificates relating to Mortgage Loans, the Master Servicer or the
Sub-Servicers will retain all assumption fees, prepayment penalties and late
payment charges, to the extent collected from mortgagors. Unless otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, any interest or other income
which may be earned on funds held in the Certificate Account or any
Sub-Servicing Account may be paid as additional compensation to the Trustee, the
Master Servicer or the Sub-Servicers, as the case may be. Any Sub-Servicer will
receive a portion of the Master Servicer's primary compensation as its
sub-servicing compensation. (Section 3.18)
With respect to a series of Certificates consisting of Mortgage Loans, in
addition to amounts payable to any SubServicer, the Master Servicer will pay
from its servicing compensation certain expenses incurred in connection with its
servicing of the Mortgage Loans, including, without limitation, payment of the
fees and disbursements of the Trustee and independent accountants, payment of
expenses incurred in connection with distributions and reports to
Certificateholders, and payment of any other expenses described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. (Section 3.18)
The Master Servicer is entitled to reimbursement for certain expenses
incurred by it in connection with the liquidation of defaulted Mortgage Loans,
including under certain circumstances reimbursement of expenditures incurred by
it in connection with the restoration of Mortgaged Properties, such right of
reimbursement being prior to the rights of Certificateholders to receive any
related Liquidation Proceeds. The Master Servicer is also
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entitled to reimbursement from the Certificate Account for Advances. With
respect to a series of Certificates relating to Agency Securities, the Trustee
shall pay all expenses incurred in administration thereof, subject to the
limitations described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
EVIDENCE AS TO COMPLIANCE
Each Agreement with respect to a series of Certificates consisting of
Mortgage Loans, will provide that on or before a specified date in each year,
beginning with the first such date at least six months after the related Cut-off
Date, a firm of independent public accountants will furnish a statement to the
Trustee to the effect that, on the basis of the examination by such firm
conducted substantially in compliance with either the Uniform Single Audit
Program for Mortgage Bankers or the Audit Program for Mortgages serviced for
FHLMC, the servicing by or on behalf of the Master Servicer of mortgage loans
under pooling and servicing agreements substantially similar to each other
(including the related Agreement) was conducted in compliance with the terms of
such agreements except for any significant exceptions or errors in records that,
in the opinion of the firm, either the Audit Program for Mortgages serviced for
FHLMC, or paragraph 4 of the Uniform Single Audit Program for Mortgage Bankers,
requires it to report. In rendering its statement such firm may rely, as to
matters relating to the direct servicing of mortgage loans by Sub-Servicers,
upon comparable statements for examinations conducted substantially in
compliance with the Uniform Single Audit Program for Mortgage Bankers or the
Audit Program for Mortgages serviced for FHLMC (rendered within one year of such
statement) of firms of independent public accountants with respect to the
related Sub-Servicer. (Section 3.21)
Each Agreement will also provide for delivery to the Trustee, on or before
a specified date in each year, of an annual statement signed by two officers of
the Master Servicer to the effect that the Master Servicer has fulfilled its
obligations under the Agreement throughout the preceding year. (Section 3.20)
Copies of the annual accountants' statement and the statement of officers
of the Master Servicer may be obtained by Certificateholders without charge upon
written request to the Master Servicer at the address set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
CERTAIN MATTERS REGARDING THE MASTER SERVICER AND THE DEPOSITOR
The Master Servicer under each Agreement will be named in the related
Prospectus Supplement. The entity serving as Master Servicer may be an affiliate
of the Depositor and may have other normal business relationships with the
Depositor or the Depositor's affiliates.
Each Agreement will provide that the Master Servicer may resign from its
obligations and duties under the Agreement only if such resignation, and the
appointment of a successor, will not result in a downgrading of any class of
Certificates or upon a determination that its duties under the Agreement are no
longer permissible under applicable law. No such resignation will become
effective until the Trustee or a successor servicer has assumed the Master
Servicer's obligations and duties under the Agreement. (Section 6.04)
Each Agreement will further provide that neither the Master Servicer, the
Depositor nor any director, officer, employee, or agent of the Master Servicer
or the Depositor will be under any liability to the related Trust Fund or
Certificateholders for any action taken, or for refraining from the taking of
any action, in good faith pursuant to the Agreement, or for errors in judgment;
provided, however, that neither the Master Servicer, the Depositor nor any such
person will be protected against any liability which would otherwise be imposed
by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the
performance of duties thereunder or by reason of reckless disregard of
obligations and duties thereunder. Each Agreement will further provide that the
Master Servicer, the Depositor and any director, officer, employee or
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agent of the Master Servicer or the Depositor will be entitled to
indemnification by the related Trust Fund and will be held harmless against any
loss, liability or expense incurred in connection with any legal action relating
to the Agreement or the Certificates, other than any loss, liability or expense
is related to any specific Mortgage Loan or Mortgage Loans (unless any such
loss, liability or expense otherwise reimbursable pursuant to the Agreement) and
any loss, liability or expense incurred by reason of willful misfeasance, bad
faith or gross negligence in the performance of duties thereunder or by reason
of reckless disregard of obligations and duties thereunder. In addition, each
Agreement will provide that neither the Master Servicer nor the Depositor will
be under any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any legal action which
is not incidental to its respective responsibilities under the Agreement and
which in its opinion may involve it in any expense or liability. The Master
Servicer or the Depositor may, however, in its discretion undertake any such
action which it may deem necessary or desirable with respect to the Agreement
and the rights and duties of the parties thereto and the interests of the
Certificateholders thereunder. In such event, the legal expenses and costs of
such action and any liability resulting therefrom will be expenses, costs and
liabilities of the Certificateholders, and the Master Servicer or the Depositor,
as the case may be, will be entitled to be reimbursed therefor and to charge the
Certificate Account. Except in the case of a series of Senior/Subordinate
Certificates, any such obligation of the Certificateholders will be borne among
them on a pro rata basis in proportion to the Accrued Certificate Interest
payable thereto, and, notwithstanding any other provision, their respective
distributions will be reduced accordingly. (Section 6.03)
Any person into which the Master Servicer may be merged or consolidated, or
any person resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Master
Servicer is a party, or any person succeeding to the business of the Master
Servicer, will be the successor of the Master Servicer under each Agreement,
provided that such person is qualified to sell mortgage loans to, and service
mortgage loans on behalf of, FNMA or FHLMC. (Section 6.02)
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement for a series
of Certificates that includes Mortgage Loans, Events of Default under each
Agreement will consist of (i) any failure by the Master Servicer to distribute
or cause to be distributed to Certificateholders, or to remit to the Trustee for
distribution to Certificateholders, any required payment that continues
unremedied for five days after the giving of written notice of such failure to
the Master Servicer by the Trustee or the Depositor, or to the Master Servicer,
the Depositor and the Trustee by the holders of Certificates evidencing not less
than 25% of the Voting Rights; (ii) any failure by the Master Servicer duly to
observe or perform in any material respect any of its other covenants or
obligations under the Agreement which continues unremedied for thirty days
(fifteen days in the case of a failure to pay the premium for any insurance
instrument required to be maintained pursuant to the Agreement) after the giving
of written notice of such failure to the Master Servicer by the Trustee or the
Depositor, or to the Master Servicer, the Depositor and the Trustee by the
holders of Certificates evidencing not less than 25% of the Voting Rights; and
(iii) certain events of insolvency, readjustment of debt, marshalling of assets
and liabilities or similar proceedings and certain actions by or on behalf of
the Master Servicer indicating its insolvency or inability to pay its
obligations. (Section 7.01)
RIGHTS UPON EVENT OF DEFAULT
So long as an Event of Default under an Agreement remains unremedied, the
Depositor or the Trustee may, and at the direction of holders of Certificates
evidencing not less than 51% of the Voting Rights, the Trustee shall, terminate
all of the rights and obligations of the Master Servicer under the Agreement
relating to such Trust Fund and in and to the Mortgage
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Loans (other than any Retained Interest of the Master Servicer), whereupon
the Trustee will succeed to all of the responsibilities, duties and liabilities
of the Master Servicer under the Agreement (except that if the Trustee is
prohibited by law from obligating itself to make advances regarding delinquent
mortgage loans, then the Trustee will not be so obligated) and will be entitled
to similar compensation arrangements. In the event that the Trustee is unwilling
or unable so to act, it may or, at the written request of the holders of
Certificates entitled to at least 51% of the Voting Rights, it shall appoint, or
petition a court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of, a housing
loan servicing institution acceptable to the Rating Agency with a net worth at
the time of such appointment of at least $15,000,000 to act as successor to the
Master Servicer under the Agreement. Pending such appointment, the Trustee is
obligated to act in such capacity. The Trustee and any such successor may agree
upon the servicing compensation to be paid, which in no event may be greater
than the compensation payable to the Master Servicer under the Agreement.
(Sections 7.01 and 7.02)
No Certificateholder will have the right under any Agreement to institute
any proceeding with respect thereto unless such holder previously has given to
the Trustee written notice of default and unless the holders of Certificates
evidencing not less than 25% of the Voting Rights have made written request upon
the Trustee to institute such proceeding in its own name as Trustee thereunder
and have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the Trustee for
fifteen days has neglected or refused to institute any such proceeding. (Section
10.03) The Trustee, however, is under no obligation to exercise any of the
trusts or powers vested in it by any Agreement or to make any investigation of
matters arising thereunder or to institute, conduct or defend any litigation
thereunder or in relation thereto at the request, order or direction of any of
the holders of Certificates covered by such Agreement, unless such
Certificateholders have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity
against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred therein or
thereby. (Section 8.02)
AMENDMENT
Each Agreement may be amended by the Depositor, the Master Servicer, if
any, and the Trustee, without the consent of any of the holders of Certificates
covered by the Agreement, to cure any ambiguity, to correct, modify or
supplement any provision therein, or to make any other provisions with respect
to matters or questions arising under the Agreement which are not inconsistent
with the provisions thereof, provided that such action will not adversely affect
in any material respect the interests of any holder of Certificates covered by
the Agreement. Each Agreement may also be amended by the Depositor, the Master
Servicer, if any, and the Trustee, with the consent of the holders of
Certificates evidencing not less than 66% of the Voting Rights, for any purpose;
provided, however, that no such amendment may (i) reduce in any manner the
amount of or delay the timing of, payments received on Trust Fund Assets which
are required to be distributed on any Certificate without the consent of the
holder of such Certificate, (ii) adversely affect in any material respect the
interests of the holders of any class of Certificates in a manner other than as
described in (i), without the consent of the holders of Certificates of such
class evidencing not less than 66% of the aggregate Voting Rights of such class
or (iii) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Voting Rights required for the
consent to any such amendment without the consent of the holders of all
Certificates covered by such Agreement then outstanding. However, with respect
to any series of Certificates as to which a REMIC election is to be made, the
Trustee will not consent to any amendment of the Agreement unless it shall first
have received an opinion of counsel to the effect that such amendment will not
cause the Trust Fund to fail to qualify as a REMIC at any time that the related
Certificates are outstanding. (Section 10.01) The Voting Rights evidenced by any
Certificate will be the portion of the voting rights of all of the Certificates
in the related series allocated in the manner described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. (Article I)
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TERMINATION
The obligations created by the Agreement for each series of Certificates
will terminate upon the payment to Certificateholders of that series of all
amounts held in the Certificate Account or by the Master Servicer and required
to be paid to them pursuant to such Agreement following the earlier of (i) the
final payment or other liquidation of the last Trust Fund Asset subject thereto
or the disposition of all property acquired upon foreclosure of any such Trust
Fund Asset and (ii) the purchase of all of the assets of the Trust Fund by the
party entitled to effect such termination, under the circumstances and in the
manner set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. In no event, however,
will the trust created by the Agreement continue beyond the date specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement. Written notice of termination of the
Agreement will be given to each Certificateholder, and the final distribution
will be made only upon surrender and cancellation of the Certificates at an
office or agency appointed by the Trustee which will be specified in the notice
of termination. (Section 9.01)
Any such purchase of assets of the Trust Fund shall be made at a price
approximately equal to (A) in the case of a series of Certificates evidencing
interests in a Trust Fund that includes Mortgage Loans, the greater of (i) the
sum of (a) 100% of the Stated Principal Balance of each Mortgage Loan as of the
day of such purchase plus accrued interest thereon at the applicable Net
Interest Rate to the first day of the month following such purchase plus (b) the
appraised value of any property acquired for the benefit of Certificateholders
in respect of such loans, and (ii) the aggregate fair market value of all of the
assets in the Trust Fund (as determined by the Trustee, the Servicer, and, if
different than both such persons, the person entitled to effect such
termination), in each case taking into account accrued interest at the
applicable Net Interest Rate to the first day of the month following such
purchase and (B) in the case of a series of Certificates evidencing interests in
a Trust Fund that includes Agency Securities or Private Mortgage-Backed
Securities, the sum of 100% of the unpaid principal balance of each outstanding
Trust Fund Asset as of the day of such purchase plus accrued interest thereon at
the Net Interest Rate to the first day of the month of such purchase, or at such
other price as may be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The
exercise of such right will effect early retirement of the Certificates of that
series, but the right of the person entitled to effect such termination is
subject to the aggregate principal balance of the outstanding Trust Fund Assets
for such series at the time of purchase being less than the percentage of the
aggregate principal balance of the Mortgage Loans at the Cut-off Date for that
series specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. (Section 9.01)
DUTIES OF THE TRUSTEE
The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of
any Agreement, the Certificates or any Mortgage Loan or related document and is
not accountable for the use or application by or on behalf of the Master
Servicer of any funds paid to the Master Servicer or its designee in respect of
the Certificates or the Mortgage Loans, or deposited into or withdrawn from the
Certificate Account or any other account by or on behalf of the Master Servicer.
(Section 8.03) If no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the
Trustee is required to perform only those duties specifically required under the
related Agreement. However, upon receipt of the various certificates, reports or
other instruments required to be furnished to it, the Trustee is required to
examine such documents and to determine whether they conform to the requirements
of the Agreement. (Section 8.01)
THE TRUSTEE
The Trustee under each Agreement will be named in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The commercial bank, national banking association or trust company
serving as Trustee may
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have normal banking relationships with the Depositor and its affiliates and
with the Master Servicer and its affiliates.
DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT SUPPORT
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trust Fund for a
series of Certificates may include Credit Support for such series or for one or
more classes of Certificates comprising such Series, which Credit Support may
consist of any combination of the following separate components, any of which
may be limited to a specified percentage of the aggregate principal balance of
the Mortgage Loans covered thereby or a specified dollar amount: (i) coverage
with respect to Realized Losses incurred on Liquidated Loans (the "Defaulted
Mortgage Amount"); (ii) coverage with respect to Special Hazard Realized Losses,
as defined below (the "Special Hazard Amount"); and (iii) coverage with respect
to certain actions that may be taken by a bankruptcy court in connection with a
Mortgage Loan, including a Deficient Valuation or a reduction by a bankruptcy
court of the Interest Rate on a Mortgage Loan or an extension of its maturity
(collectively, the "Bankruptcy Amount"). As set forth below and in the related
Prospectus Supplement, such coverage may be provided by subordination of one or
more other classes of Certificates, one or more insurance policies, a bankruptcy
bond, a letter of credit, a reserve fund or any combination of the foregoing.
The amount and type of any Credit Support with respect to a series of
Certificates or with respect to one or more classes of Certificates comprising
such series, and the obligors on such Credit Support, will be set forth in the
related Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the Certificates".
SUBORDINATION
With respect to any Senior/Subordinate Series, in the event of any Realized
Losses on Mortgage Loans not in excess of the limitations described below, the
rights of the Subordinate Certificateholders to receive distributions with
respect to the Mortgage Loans will be subordinate to the rights of the Senior
Certificateholders to the extent described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
All Realized Losses will be allocated to the Subordinate Certificates of
the related series (or, if such series includes more than one class of
Subordinated Certificates, to the outstanding class of Subordinate Certificates
having the first priority for allocation of Realized Losses and then to
additional outstanding classes of Subordinate Certificates, if any), until the
Certificate Principal Balance thereof has been reduced to zero. Any additional
Realized Losses will be allocated to the Senior Certificates (or, if such series
includes more than one class of Senior Certificates, either on a pro rata basis
among all of the Senior Certificates in proportion to their respective
outstanding Certificate Principal Balances or as otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement). However, with respect to Realized Losses that
are attributable to physical damage to Mortgaged Properties of a type that is
not covered by standard hazard insurance policies ("Special Hazard Realized
Losses"), the amount thereof that may be allocated to the Subordinate
Certificates of the related series may be limited to an amount (the "Special
Hazard Subordination Amount") specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. If
so, any Special Hazard Realized Losses in excess of the Special Hazard
Subordination Amount will be allocated among all outstanding classes of
Certificates of the related series, on a pro rata basis in proportion to their
respective outstanding Certificate Principal Balances, regardless of whether any
Subordinate Certificates remain outstanding, or as otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
Any allocation of a Realized Loss to a Certificate will be made by reducing
the Certificate Principal Balance thereof as of the Distribution Date following
the Prepayment Period in which
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such Realized Loss was incurred. If so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, in the event of a Realized Loss incurred in connection with the
liquidation of a defaulted Mortgage Loan, the Senior Certificateholders may be
entitled to receive a distribution of principal, to be paid from and to the
extent of funds otherwise distributable to the Subordinate Certificateholders,
equal to the amount, if any (the "Unrecovered Senior Portion"), by which (i) the
then applicable Senior Percentage times the Scheduled Principal Balance of the
Liquidated Loan immediately prior to liquidation exceeds (ii) the portion of the
related unscheduled recovery that is allocable to principal, reduced by the
principal portion of all monthly payments due but unpaid as of the date of
liquidation. Payments to the Senior Certificateholders in respect of any
Unrecovered Senior Portion on any Distribution Date will only be made with
respect to Realized Losses incurred in connection with Mortgage Loans that
became Liquidated Loans during the preceding Prepayment Period and will not be
made as to any Special Hazard Realized Losses in excess of the Special Hazard
Subordination Amount, if applicable. As with any other distribution of
principal, any payment to the holders of Senior Certificates attributable to an
Unrecovered Senior Portion will be applied to reduce the Certificate Principal
Balance thereof. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement,
the "Scheduled Principal Balance" of any Mortgage Loan as of any date of
determination is equal to the unpaid principal balance thereof as of the date of
determination, reduced by the principal portion of all monthly payments due but
unpaid as of the date of determination.
As set forth under "Description of the Certificates-Principal of the
Certificates", the rights of holders of the various classes of Certificates of
any series to receive distributions of principal and interest is determined by
the aggregate Certificate Principal Balance of each such class. The Certificate
Principal Balance of any Certificate will be reduced by all amounts previously
distributed on such Certificate in respect of principal, and by any Realized
Losses allocated thereto. If there were no Realized Losses or prepayments of
principal on any of the Mortgage Loans, the respective rights of the holders of
Certificates of any series to future distributions would not change. However, to
the extent so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, holders of Senior
Certificates may be entitled to receive a disproportionately larger amount of
prepayments received, which will have the effect of accelerating the
amortization of the Senior Certificates and increasing the respective percentage
interest in future distributions evidenced by the Subordinate Certificates in
the related Trust Fund (with a corresponding decrease in the Senior Percentage),
as well as preserving the availability of the subordination provided by the
Subordinate Certificates. In addition, as set forth above, Realized Losses will
be first allocated to Subordinate Certificates by reduction of the Certificate
Principal Balance thereof, which will have the effect of increasing the
respective interest in future distributions evidenced by the Senior Certificates
in the related Trust Fund.
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain amounts
otherwise payable on any Distribution Date to holders of Subordinate
Certificates may be deposited into a reserve fund. Amounts held in any reserve
fund may be applied as described below under "Reserve Funds" and in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
With respect to any Senior/Subordinate Series, the terms and provisions of
the subordination may vary from those described above; any such variation will
be described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Credit Support for
the Senior Certificates of a Senior/Subordinate Series may include, in addition
to the subordination of the Subordinate Certificates of such series and the
establishment of a reserve fund, any of the other forms of Credit Support
described below. If any of such other forms of Credit Support described below is
maintained solely for the benefit of the Senior Certificates of a
Senior/Subordinate Series, then the coverage described below as being provided
by such Credit Support with respect to a series of Certificates may be limited
to the extent necessary
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to make required distributions on such Senior Certificates or as otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. If so provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the obligor on any such other forms of Credit Support
maintained for the benefit of the Senior Certificates of a Senior/Subordinate
Series may be reimbursed for amounts paid thereunder out of amounts otherwise
payable on the Subordinate Certificates.
LETTER OF CREDIT
As to any series of Certificates to be covered by a Letter of Credit, a
bank (the "Letter of Credit Bank") will deliver to the Trustee an irrevocable
Letter of Credit. The Master Servicer or Trustee will exercise its best
reasonable efforts to keep or cause to be kept the Letter of Credit in full
force and effect, unless coverage thereunder has been exhausted through payment
of claims. The Master Servicer will agree to pay the fees for the Letter of
Credit on a timely basis unless, as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the payment of such fees is otherwise provided for.
The Master Servicer or the Trustee will make or cause to be made draws on
the Letter of Credit Bank under each Letter of Credit. Subject to such
differences as will be described in the related Prospectus Supplement, Letters
of Credit may cover all or any of the following amounts:
(i) to the extent of any Defaulted Mortgage Amount, for any Mortgage
Loan that became a Liquidated Loan during the related Prepayment Period
(other than Mortgage Loans as to which amounts paid or payable under any
related Hazard Insurance Instrument, including the Letter of Credit as
described in (ii) below, are not sufficient either to restore the Mortgaged
Property or to pay the outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loan
plus accrued interest), an amount which, together with all Liquidation
Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds, and other collections on such Liquidated Loan
(net of amounts payable or reimbursable therefrom to the Master Servicer
for related unpaid servicing fees and unreimbursed servicing expenses),
will equal the sum of (A) the unpaid principal balance of such Liquidated
Loan (plus accrued interest at the applicable Net Interest Rate) plus (B)
the amount of related servicing expenses, if any, not reimbursed to the
Master Servicer from Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds and other
collections on such Liquidation Loan (which shall be paid to the Master
Servicer);
(ii) to the extent of any Special Hazard Amount, as to each
Mortgage Loan that is delinquent and as to which the Mortgaged Property has
suffered damage (other than physical damage caused by hostile or warlike
action in time of war or peace, by any weapons of war, by any insurrection
or rebellion, or by any nuclear reaction or nuclear radiation or nuclear
contamination whether controlled or uncontrolled, or by any action taken by
any governmental authority in response to any of the foregoing) and for
which any amounts paid or payable under the related primary hazard
insurance policy or any Special Hazard Insurance Policy are not sufficient
to pay either of the following amounts, an amount which, together with all
Insurance Proceeds paid or payable under the related primary hazard
insurance policy or any Special Hazard Insurance Policy (net, if such
proceeds are not to be applied to restore such Mortgaged Property, of all
amounts payable or reimbursable therefrom to the Master Servicer for
related unpaid servicing fees and unreimbursed servicing expenses), will be
equal to the lesser of (A) the amount required to restore such Mortgaged
Property and (B) the sum of (1) the unpaid principal balance of such
Mortgage Loan (plus accrued interest at the applicable Net Interest Rate)
plus (2) the amount of related servicing expenses, if any, not reimbursed
to the Master Servicer from Insurance Proceeds paid under the related
primary hazard insurance policy or any Special Hazard Insurance Policy; and
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(iii) to the extent of any Bankruptcy Amount, with respect to any
Mortgage Loan that has been subject to bankruptcy proceedings as described
above, the amount of any debt service reduction or Deficient Valuation.
If the related Prospectus Supplement so provides, at such time as the
Letter of Credit Bank makes a payment as described above with respect to a
Liquidated Loan, or a payment of the full amount owing on a Mortgage Loan as to
which the Mortgaged Property has been damaged (as described in (ii)(B) above),
the Liquidated Loan will be removed from the related Trust Fund in accordance
with the terms set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement and will no longer
be subject to the Agreement. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, Mortgage Loans that have been subject to bankruptcy proceedings as
described above, or as to which payment under the Letter of Credit has been made
for the purpose of restoring the related Mortgaged Property (as described in
(ii)(A) above), will remain part of the related Trust Fund. Any Defaulted
Mortgage Amount, Special Hazard Amount and Bankruptcy Amount covered by any
Letter of Credit will each be reduced to the extent of related unreimbursed
draws thereunder.
In the event that the Letter of Credit Bank ceases to be a duly organized
commercial bank, or its debt obligations are rated lower than the highest rating
on any class of the Certificates on the date of issuance by the Rating Agency or
Agencies, the Master Servicer or Trustee will use its best reasonable efforts to
obtain or cause to be obtained, as to each Letter of Credit, a substitute Letter
of Credit issued by a commercial bank that meets such requirements and providing
the same coverage; provided, however, that, unless otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, if the fees charged or collateral required by
such successor Letter of Credit Bank shall be more than the fees charged or
collateral required by such predecessor Letter of Credit Bank, each component of
coverage thereunder may be reduced proportionately to such a level as results in
such fees and collateral being not more than the fees then charged and
collateral then required by such predecessor Letter of Credit Bank.
MORTGAGE POOL INSURANCE POLICY
As to any series of Certificates to be covered by a Mortgage Pool Insurance
Policy with respect to any Defaulted Mortgage Amount, the Master Servicer will
exercise its best reasonable efforts to maintain or cause to be maintained the
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy in full force and effect, unless coverage
thereunder has been exhausted through payment of claims. The Master Servicer
will agree to pay the premiums for each Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy on a
timely basis unless, as described in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
payment of such fees is otherwise provided.
The Master Servicer will present or cause to be presented claims to the
insurer under each Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy. Mortgage Pool Insurance
Policies, however, are not blanket policies against loss, since claims
thereunder may be made only upon satisfaction of certain conditions, as
described below and, if applicable, in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policies do not cover losses arising out of the
matters excluded from coverage under the primary mortgage insurance policy, or
losses due to a failure to pay or denial of a claim under a primary mortgage
insurance policy, irrespective of the reason therefor.
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policies in general provide that no claim may
validly be presented thereunder with respect to a Mortgage Loan unless (i) an
acceptable primary mortgage insurance policy, if the initial Loan-to-Value Ratio
of the Mortgage Loan exceeded 80%, has been kept in force until such
Loan-to-Value Ratio is reduced to 80%; (ii) premiums on the primary hazard
insurance policy have been paid by the insured and real estate taxes and
foreclosure, protection and preservation expenses have been advanced by or on
behalf of the insured, as approved by the insurer; (iii) if there has been
physical loss or damage to the
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Mortgaged Property, it has been restored to its physical condition at the
time the Mortgage Loan became insured under the Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy,
subject to reasonable wear and tear; and (iv) the insured has acquired good and
merchantable title to the Mortgaged Property, free and clear of all liens and
encumbrances, except permitted encumbrances, including any right of redemption
by or on behalf of the mortgagor, and if required by the insurer, has sold the
property with the approval of the insurer.
Assuming the satisfaction of these conditions, the insurer has the option
to either (i) acquire the property securing the defaulted Mortgage Loan for a
payment equal to the principal balance thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest
at the Interest Rate to the date of acquisition and certain expenses described
above advanced by or on behalf of the insured, on condition that the insurer
must be provided with good and merchantable title to the Mortgaged Property
(unless the property has been conveyed pursuant to the terms of the applicable
primary mortgage insurance policy) or (ii) pay the amount by which the sum of
the principal balance of the defaulted Mortgage Loan and accrued and unpaid
interest at the Interest Rate to the date of the payment of the claim and such
expenses exceed the proceeds received from a sale of the Mortgaged Property
which the insurer has approved. In both (i) and (ii), the amount of payment
under a Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy will be reduced by the amount of such
loss paid under the primary mortgage insurance policy.
Unless earlier directed by the insurer, a claim under a Mortgage Pool
Insurance Policy must be filed (i) in the case when a primary mortgage insurance
policy is in force, within a specified number of days (typically, 60 days) after
the claim for loss has been settled or paid thereunder, or after acquisition by
the insured or a sale of the property approved by the insurer, whichever is
later, or (ii) in the case when a primary mortgage insurance policy is not in
force, within a specified number of days (typically, 60 days) after acquisition
by the insured or a sale of the property approved by the insurer. A claim must
be paid within a specified period (typically, 30 days) after the claim is made
by the insured.
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a
series of Certificates, the amount of coverage under each Mortgage Pool
Insurance Policy will be reduced over the life of the Certificates of any series
by the aggregate dollar amount of claims paid less the aggregate of the net
amounts realized by the insurer upon disposition of all acquired properties. The
amount of claims paid includes certain expenses incurred by the Master Servicer
as well as accrued interest on delinquent Mortgage Loans to the date of payment
of the claim. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans-Foreclosure on
Mortgages" and "-Repossession with respect to Contracts". Accordingly, if
aggregate net claims paid under a Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy reach the
applicable policy limit, coverage thereunder will be exhausted and any further
losses will be borne by Certificateholders of the related series.
In the event that an insurer under a Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy ceases
to be a Qualified Insurer (such term being defined to mean a private mortgage
guaranty insurance company duly qualified as such under applicable laws and
approved as an insurer by FHLMC, FNMA, or any successor entity, and having a
claims-paying ability acceptable to the Rating Agency or Agencies), the Master
Servicer will use its best reasonable efforts to obtain or cause to be obtained
from another Qualified Insurer a replacement insurance policy comparable to the
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy with a total coverage equal to the then
outstanding coverage of such Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy; provided, however,
that, unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, if the
cost of the replacement policy is greater than the cost of such Mortgage Pool
Insurance Policy, the coverage of the replacement policy may be reduced to the
level such that its premium rate does not exceed the premium rate on such
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy. However, in the event that the insurer ceases to
be a Qualified Insurer solely because it ceases to be approved as an insurer by
FHLMC, FNMA, or any successor entity, the Master Servicer will review, or cause
to be
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reviewed, the financial condition of the insurer with a view towards
determining whether recoveries under the Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy are
jeopardized for reasons related to the financial condition of the insurer. If
the Master Servicer determines that recoveries are so jeopardized, it will
exercise its best reasonable efforts to obtain from another Qualified Insurer a
replacement policy as described above, subject to the same cost limitation.
Because each Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy will require that the property
subject to a defaulted Mortgage Loan be restored to its original condition prior
to claiming against the insurer, such policy will not provide coverage against
hazard losses. As set forth below, the primary hazard insurance policies
covering the Mortgage Loans typically exclude from coverage physical damage
resulting from a number of causes and, even when the damage is covered, may
afford recoveries that are significantly less than the full replacement cost of
such losses. Further, a special hazard insurance policy (or a Letter of Credit
to the extent of the Special Hazard Amount) will not cover all risks, and the
coverage thereunder will be limited in amount. Certain hazard risks will, as a
result, be uninsured and will therefore be borne by Certificateholders. (Section
3.13)
SPECIAL HAZARD INSURANCE POLICY
As to any series of Certificates to be covered by an Insurance Instrument
that does not cover any Special Hazard Amount, unless otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer will exercise its best
reasonable efforts to maintain or cause to be maintained a Special Hazard
Insurance Policy in full force and effect covering the Special Hazard Amount,
unless coverage thereunder has been exhausted through payment of claims;
provided, however, that the Master Servicer is under no obligation to maintain
such policy in the event that any Insurance Instrument covering such series as
to any Defaulted Mortgage Amount is no longer in effect. The Master Servicer
will agree to pay the premiums on each Special Hazard Insurance Policy on a
timely basis unless, as described in the related Prospectus Supplement, payment
of such premiums is otherwise provided for.
Each Special Hazard Insurance Policy will, subject to the limitations
described below, protect holders of Certificates of the related series from (i)
loss by reason of damage to Mortgaged Properties caused by certain hazards
(including earthquakes and mudflows) not insured against under the primary
hazard insurance policies or a flood insurance policy if the property is in a
designated flood area and (ii) loss from partial damage caused by reason of the
application of the co-insurance clause contained in the primary hazard insurance
policies. Special Hazard Insurance Policies will not cover losses occasioned by
normal wear and tear, war, civil insurrection, certain governmental actions,
errors in design, nuclear or chemical reaction or contamination, faulty
workmanship or materials (except under certain circumstances), flood (if the
property is located in a designated flood area) and certain other risks.
Subject to the foregoing limitations, each Special Hazard Insurance Policy
will provide that, when there has been damage to property securing a defaulted
Mortgage Loan acquired by the insured and to the extent the damage is not
covered by the related primary hazard insurance policy or flood insurance
policy, the insurer will pay the lesser of (i) the cost of repair to the
property and (ii) upon transfer of the property to the insurer, the unpaid
principal balance of such Mortgage Loan at the time of acquisition of the
property by foreclosure, deed in lieu of foreclosure or repossession, plus
accrued interest to the date of claim settlement and certain expenses incurred
by or on behalf of the Master Servicer with respect to the property. The amount
of coverage under the Special Hazard Insurance Policy will be reduced by the sum
of (a) the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest and certain expenses
paid by the insurer, less any net proceeds realized by the insurer from the sale
of the property, plus (b) any amount paid as the cost of repair of the property.
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Restoration of the property with the proceeds described under clause (i) of
the immediately preceding paragraph will satisfy the condition under a Credit
Insurance Instrument that the property be restored before a claim thereunder may
be validly presented with respect to the defaulted Mortgage Loan secured by such
property. The payment described under clause (ii) of the immediately preceding
paragraph will render unnecessary presentation of a claim in respect of such
Mortgage Loan under a Credit Insurance Instrument as to any Defaulted Mortgage
Amount. Therefore, so long as the Credit Insurance Instrument remains in effect,
the payment by the insurer of either of the above alternative amounts will not
affect the total insurance proceeds paid to Certificateholders, but will affect
the relative amounts of coverage remaining under any Special Hazard Insurance
Policy and any Credit Insurance Instrument.
The sale of a Mortgaged Property must be approved by the insurer under any
Special Hazard Insurance Policy and funds received by the insured in excess of
the unpaid principal balance of the Mortgage Loan plus interest thereon to the
date of sale plus certain expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Master
Servicer with respect to the property (not to exceed the amount actually paid by
the insurer) must be refunded to such insurer and, to that extent, coverage
under the Special Hazard Insurance Policy will be restored. If aggregate claim
payments under a Special Hazard Insurance Policy reach the policy limit,
coverage thereunder will be exhausted and any further losses will be borne by
Certificateholders.
A claim under a Special Hazard Insurance Policy generally must be filed
within a specified number of days (typically, 60 days) after the insured has
acquired good and merchantable title to the property, and a claim payment is
payable within a specified number of days (typically, 30 days) after a claim is
accepted by the insurer. Special Hazard Insurance Policies provide that no claim
may be paid unless primary hazard insurance policy premiums, flood insurance
premiums (if the property is located in a federally designated flood area) and,
as approved by the insurer, real estate property taxes, property protection and
preservation expenses and foreclosure or repossession costs have been paid by or
on behalf of the insured, and unless the insured has maintained the primary
hazard insurance policy and, if the property is located in a federally
designated flood area, flood insurance, as required by the Special Hazard
Insurance Policy.
If a Special Hazard Insurance Policy is cancelled or terminated for any
reason (other than the exhaustion of total policy coverage), the Master Servicer
will use its best reasonable efforts to obtain or cause to be obtained from
another Insurer a replacement policy comparable to such Special Hazard Insurance
Policy with a total coverage that is equal to the then existing coverage of such
Special Hazard Insurance Policy; provided, however, that, unless otherwise
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, if the cost of the replacement
policy is greater than the cost of such Special Hazard Insurance Policy, the
coverage of the replacement policy may be reduced to a level such that its
premium rate does not exceed the premium rate on such Special Hazard Insurance
Policy.
Since each Special Hazard Insurance Policy is designed to permit full
recoveries as to any Defaulted Mortgage Amount under a Credit Insurance
Instrument in circumstances in which such recoveries would otherwise be
unavailable because property has been damaged by a cause not insured against by
a primary hazard insurance policy and thus would not be restored, each Agreement
provides that, if the related Credit Insurance Instrument shall have lapsed or
terminated or been exhausted through payment of claims, the Master Servicer will
be under no further obligation to maintain the Special Hazard Insurance Policy.
BANKRUPTCY BOND
As to any series of Certificates to be covered by a Bankruptcy Bond with
respect to any Bankruptcy Amount, the Master Servicer will exercise its best
reasonable efforts to maintain or cause to be maintained the Bankruptcy Bond in
full force and effect, unless coverage
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thereunder has been exhausted through payment of claims. The Master
Servicer will pay or cause to be paid the premiums for each Bankruptcy Bond on a
timely basis, unless, as described in the related Prospectus Supplement, payment
of such premiums is otherwise provided for. Subject to the limit of the dollar
amount of coverage provided, each Bankruptcy Bond will cover certain losses
resulting from an extension of the maturity of a Mortgage Loan, or a reduction
by the bankruptcy court of the principal balance of or the Interest Rate on a
Mortgage Loan, and the unpaid interest on the amount of a principal reduction
during the pendency of a proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code. See "Certain
Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans-Foreclosure on Mortgages" and "-Repossession
with respect to Contracts".
CERTIFICATE GUARANTEE INSURANCE
Certificate guarantee insurance ("Certificate Guarantee Insurance"), if
any, with respect to a series of Certificates will be provided by one or more
insurance companies. Such Certificate Guarantee Insurance will guarantee, with
respect to one or more classes of Certificates of the related series, timely
distributions of interest and full distributions of principal on the basis of a
schedule of principal distributions set forth in or determined in the manner
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. If so specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Certificate Guarantee Insurance will also guarantee
against any payment made to a Certificateholder that is subsequently recovered
as a "voidable preference" payment under federal bankruptcy law. A copy of the
Certificate Guarantee Insurance policy for a series, if any, will be filed with
the Commission as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8- K to be filed with
the Commission within 15 days of issuance of the Certificates of the related
series.
RESERVE FUND
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor will
deposit or cause to be deposited in an account (a "Reserve Fund") any
combination of cash, one or more irrevocable letters of credit or one or more
Permitted Investments in specified amounts, or any other instrument satisfactory
to the Rating Agency or Agencies, which will be applied and maintained in the
manner and under the conditions specified in such Prospectus Supplement. In the
alternative or in addition to such deposit, to the extent described in the
Prospectus Supplement for a Senior/Subordinate Series, a Reserve Fund may be
funded through application of all or a portion of amounts otherwise payable on
the Subordinate Certificates. Amounts in a Reserve Fund may be distributed to
Certificateholders, or applied to reimburse the Master Servicer for outstanding
advances, or may be used for other purposes, in the manner and to the extent
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, any such Reserve Fund will not be deemed to be
part of the related Trust Fund.
Amounts deposited in any Reserve Fund for a series will be invested in
Permitted Investments by, or at the direction of, the Master Servicer or any
other person named in the related Prospectus Supplement.
DESCRIPTION OF PRIMARY INSURANCE POLICIES
Each Mortgage Loan will be covered by a primary hazard insurance policy
and, if required as described below, a primary mortgage insurance policy.
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PRIMARY MORTGAGE INSURANCE POLICIES
As set forth under "Description of the Certificates-Realization Upon
Defaulted Mortgage Loans", the Master Servicer will maintain or cause to be
maintained with respect to each Mortgage Loan, other than a Multifamily Loan, a
primary mortgage insurance policy in accordance with the underwriting standards
described herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement. Although the terms
and conditions of primary mortgage insurance policies differ, each primary
mortgage insurance policy will generally cover losses up to an amount equal to
the excess of the unpaid principal amount of a defaulted Mortgage Loan (plus
accrued and unpaid interest thereon and certain approved expenses) over a
specified percentage of the Value of the related Mortgaged Property.
As conditions precedent to the filing or payment of a claim under a primary
mortgage insurance policy, the insured will typically be required, in the event
of default by the borrower, among other things, to: (i) advance or discharge (a)
hazard insurance premiums and (b) as necessary and approved in advance by the
insurer, real estate taxes, protection and preservation expenses and foreclosure
and related costs; (ii) in the event of any physical loss or damage to the
Mortgaged Property, have the Mortgaged Property restored to at least its
condition at the effective date of the primary mortgage insurance policy
(ordinary wear and tear excepted); and (iii) tender to the insurer good and
merchantable title to, and possession of, the Mortgaged Property.
PRIMARY HAZARD INSURANCE POLICIES
Each Agreement will require the Master Servicer to cause the borrower on
each Mortgage Loan to maintain a primary hazard insurance policy providing for
coverage of the standard form of fire insurance policy with extended coverage
customary in the state in which the Mortgaged Property is located. Unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, such coverage will be
in general in an amount equal to the lesser of the principal balance owing on
such Mortgage Loan and the amount necessary to fully compensate for any damage
or loss to the improvements on the Mortgaged Property on a replacement cost
basis, but in either case not less than the amount necessary to avoid the
application of any co-insurance clause contained in the hazard insurance policy.
The ability of the Master Servicer to assure that hazard insurance proceeds are
appropriately applied may be dependent upon its being named as an additional
insured under any primary hazard insurance policy and under any flood insurance
policy referred to below, or upon the extent to which information in this regard
is furnished by borrowers. All amounts collected by the Master Servicer under
any such policy (except for amounts to be applied to the restoration or repair
of the Mortgaged Property or released to the borrower in accordance with the
Master Servicer's normal servicing procedures, subject to the terms and
conditions of the related Mortgage and Mortgage Note) will be deposited in the
Certificate Account. The Agreement provides that the Master Servicer may satisfy
its obligation to cause each borrower to maintain such a hazard insurance policy
by the Master Servicer's maintaining a blanket policy insuring against hazard
losses on the Mortgage Loans. If such blanket policy contains a deductible
clause, the Master Servicer will deposit in the Certificate Account all sums
that would have been deposited therein but for such clause. The Master Servicer
also is required to maintain a fidelity bond and errors and omissions policy
with respect to its officers and employees that provides coverage against losses
that may be sustained as a result of an officer's or employee's misappropriation
of funds or errors and omissions in failing to maintain insurance, subject to
certain limitations as to amount of coverage, deductible amounts, conditions,
exclusions and exceptions.
In general, the standard form of fire and extended coverage policy covers
physical damage to or destruction of the improvements of the property by fire,
lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm and hail, and riot, strike and civil
commotion, subject to the conditions and exclusions specified in each policy.
Although the policies relating to the Mortgage Loans will
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be underwritten by different insurers under different state laws in
accordance with different applicable state forms, and therefore will not contain
identical terms and conditions, the basic terms thereof are dictated by
respective state laws, and most such policies typically do not cover any
physical damage resulting from the following: war, revolution, governmental
actions, floods and other water-related causes, earth movement (including
earthquakes, landslides and mudflows), nuclear reactions, wet or dry rot,
vermin, rodents, insects or domestic animals, theft and, in certain cases,
vandalism. The foregoing list is merely indicative of certain kinds of uninsured
risks and is not intended to be all-inclusive. When a Mortgaged Property is
located at origination in a federally designated flood area, each Agreement
requires the Master Servicer to cause the borrower to acquire and maintain flood
insurance in an amount equal in general to the lesser of (i) the amount
necessary to fully compensate for any damage or loss to the improvements which
are part of the Mortgaged Property on a replacement cost basis and (ii) the
maximum amount of insurance available under the federal flood insurance program,
whether or not the area is participating in the program.
The hazard insurance policies covering the Mortgaged Properties typically
contain a co-insurance clause that in effect requires the insured at all times
to carry insurance of a specified percentage (generally 80% to 90%) of the full
replacement value of the improvements on the property in order to recover the
full amount of any partial loss. If the insured's coverage falls below this
specified percentage, such clause generally provides that the insurer's
liability in the event of partial loss does not exceed the lesser of (i) the
replacement cost of the improvements less physical depreciation and (ii) such
proportion of the loss as the amount of insurance carried bears to the specified
percentage of the full replacement cost of such improvements.
The Master Servicer will not require that a hazard or flood insurance
policy be maintained for any Cooperative Loan. Generally, the Cooperative is
responsible for maintenance of hazard insurance for the property owned by the
Cooperative, and the tenant-stockholders of that Cooperative do not maintain
individual hazard insurance policies. To the extent, however, that a Cooperative
and the related borrower on a Cooperative Note do not maintain such insurance or
do not maintain adequate coverage or any insurance proceeds are not applied to
the restoration of the damaged property, damage to such borrower's Cooperative
apartment or such Cooperative's building could significantly reduce the value of
the collateral securing such Cooperative Note.
Since the amount of hazard insurance the Master Servicer will cause to be
maintained on the improvements securing the Mortgage Loans declines as the
principal balances owing thereon decrease, and since residential properties have
historically appreciated in value over time, in the event of partial loss hazard
insurance proceeds may be insufficient to restore fully the damaged property.
Under the terms of the Mortgage Loans, borrowers are required to present claims
to insurers under hazard insurance policies maintained on the Mortgaged
Properties. The Master Servicer, on behalf of the Trustee and
Certificateholders, is obligated to present or cause to be presented claims
under any blanket insurance policy insuring against hazard losses on Mortgaged
Properties. However, the ability of the Master Servicer to present or cause to
be presented such claims is dependent upon the extent to which information in
this regard is furnished to the Master Servicer by borrowers. (Section 3.14)
FHA INSURANCE
The FHA is responsible for administering various federal programs,
including mortgage insurance, authorized under The Housing Act and the United
States Housing Act of 1937, as amended.
There are two primary FHA insurance programs that are available for
multifamily mortgage loans. Sections 221(d)(3) and (d)(4) of the Housing Act
allow the Department of Housing and
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Urban Development ("HUD") to insure mortgage loans that are secured by
newly constructed and substantially rehabilitated multifamily rental projects.
Section 244 of the Housing Act provides for co-insurance of such mortgage loans
made under Sections 221(d)(3) and (d)(4) by HUD/FHA and a HUD-approved
coinsurer. Generally the term of such a mortgage loan may be up to 40 years and
the ratio of the loan amount to property replacement cost can be up to 90%.
Section 223(f) of the Housing Act allows HUD to insure mortgage loans made
for the purchase or refinancing of existing apartment projects which are at
least three years old. Section 244 also provides for co-insurance of mortgage
loans made under Section 223(f). Under Section 223(f), the loan proceeds cannot
be used for substantial rehabilitation work, but repairs may be made for up to,
in general, the greater of 15% of the value of the project or a dollar amount
per apartment unit established from time to time by HUD. In general the loan
term may not exceed 35 years and a loan to value ratio of no more than 85% is
required for the purchase of a project and 70% for the refinancing of a project.
HUD has the option, in most cases, to pay insurance claims in cash or in
debentures issued by HUD. Presently, claims are being paid in cash, and claims
have not been paid in debentures since 1965. HUD debentures issued in
satisfaction of FHA insurance claims bear interest at the applicable HUD
debenture interest rate. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Master Servicer will be obligated to purchase any such debenture
issued in satisfaction of a defaulted FHA insured Mortgage Loan serviced by it
for an amount equal to the principal amount of any such debenture.
The Master Servicer will be required to take such steps as are reasonably
necessary to keep FHA insurance in full force and effect.
CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF MORTGAGE LOANS
The following discussion contains general summaries of certain legal
aspects of loans secured by residential properties. Because such legal aspects
are governed by applicable state law (which laws may differ substantially), the
summaries do not purport to be complete nor to reflect the laws of any
particular state, nor to encompass the laws of all states in which the security
for the Mortgage Loans is situated. The summaries are qualified in their
entirety by reference to the applicable federal and state laws governing the
Mortgage Loans. See "The Trust Funds-The Mortgage Loans".
GENERAL
All of the Mortgage Loans, except as described below, are loans to
homeowners and all of the Single-Family Loans and Multifamily Loans are
evidenced by notes or bonds and secured by instruments which may be mortgages,
deeds of trust, security deeds or deeds to secure debt, depending upon the type
of security instrument customary to grant a security interest in real property
in the state in which the Single-Family Property or Multifamily Property, as the
case may be, is located. If specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a
series of Certificates, a Trust Fund may also contain (i) Cooperative Loans
evidenced by promissory notes secured by security interests in shares issued by
private cooperative housing corporations and in the related proprietary leases
or occupancy agreements granting exclusive rights to occupy specific dwelling
units in the related buildings or (ii) Contracts evidencing both (a) the
obligation of the obligor to repay the loan evidenced thereby and (b) the grant
of a security interest in the related Manufactured Home to secure repayment of
such loan. Any of the foregoing types of encumbrance will create a lien upon, or
grant a title interest in, the subject property, the priority of which will
depend on the terms of the particular security
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instrument as well as the order of recordation or filing of the instrument
in the appropriate public office. Such a lien is not prior to the lien for real
estate taxes and assessments.
SINGLE-FAMILY LOANS AND MULTIFAMILY LOANS
The Single-Family Loans and Multifamily Loans will be secured by either
mortgages, deeds of trust, security deeds or deeds to secure debt depending upon
the type of security instrument customary to grant a security interest according
to the prevailing practice in the state in which the property subject to a
Single-Family Loan or Multifamily Loan is located. The filing of a mortgage or a
deed of trust creates a lien upon or conveys title to the real property
encumbered by such instrument and represents the security for the repayment of
an obligation that is customarily evidenced by a promissory note. It is not
prior to the lien for real estate taxes and assessments. Priority with respect
to mortgages and deeds of trust depends on their terms and generally on the
order of recording with the applicable state, county or municipal office. There
are two parties to a mortgage, the mortgagor, who is the borrower/homeowner or
the land trustee (as described below), and the mortgagee, who is the lender.
Under the mortgage instrument, the mortgagor delivers to the mortgagee a note or
bond and the mortgage. (In the case of a land trust, title to the property is
held by a land trustee under a land trust agreement, while the
borrower/homeowner is the beneficiary of the land trust; at origination of a
mortgage loan, the borrower executes a separate undertaking to make payments on
the mortgage note.) Although a deed of trust is similar to a mortgage, a deed of
trust normally has three parties, the trustor (similar to a mortgagor), who may
or may not be the borrower, the beneficiary (similar to a mortgagee), who is the
lender, and the trustee, a third-party grantee. Under a deed of trust, the
trustor grants the property, irrevocably until the debt is paid, in trust,
generally with a power of sale, to the trustee to secure payment of the
obligation. A security deed and a deed to secure debt are special types of deeds
which indicate on their face that they are granted to secure an underlying debt.
By executing a security deed or deed to secure debt, the grantor conveys title
to, as opposed to merely creating a lien upon, the subject property to the
grantee until such time as the underlying debt is repaid. The mortgagee's
authority under a mortgage and the trustee's authority under a deed of trust,
security deed or deed to secure debt are governed by the law of the state in
which the real property is located, the express provisions of the mortgage, deed
of trust, security deed or deed to secure debt and, in some cases, the
directions of the beneficiary.
LEASES AND RENTS
Mortgages and deeds of trust which encumber Multifamily Property often
contain an assignment of rents and leases, pursuant to which the borrower
assigns its right, title and interest as landlord under each lease and the
income derived therefrom to the lender, while retaining a license to collect the
rents for so long as there is no default. If the borrower defaults, the license
terminates and the lender is entitled to collect the rents. Local law may
require that the lender take possession of the property and appoint a receiver
before becoming entitled to collect the rents.
Even after a foreclosure or the enforcement of an assignment of rents and
leases, the potential rent payments from the property may not be sufficient to
service the mortgage debt. For instance, the net income that would otherwise be
generated from the property may be insufficient to service the mortgage debt if
the leases on the property are at below-market rents, or as the result of
excessive maintenance, repair or other obligations inherited by the lender as
landlord. In the event of a borrower's default, the amount of rent the lender is
able to collect from the tenants can significantly affect the value of the
lender's security interest.
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COOPERATIVE LOANS
The Cooperative owns or has a leasehold interest in all the real property
and owns in fee or leases the building and all separate dwelling units therein.
The Cooperative is directly responsible for project management and, in most
cases, payment of real estate taxes, other governmental impositions and hazard
and liability insurance. If there is a blanket mortgage on the cooperative
apartment building and/or underlying land, as is generally the case, or an
underlying lease of the land, as is the case in some instances, the Cooperative,
as project mortgagor, or lessee, as the case may be, is also responsible for
meeting these blanket mortgage or rental obligations. A blanket mortgage is
ordinarily incurred by the Cooperative in connection with either the
construction or purchase of the Cooperative's apartment building or the
obtaining of capital by the Cooperative. The interests of the occupants under
proprietary leases or occupancy agreements as to which the Cooperative is the
landlord are generally subordinate to the interests of the holder of the blanket
mortgage and to the interest of the holder of a land lease. If the Cooperative
is unable to meet the payment obligations (i) arising under its blanket
mortgage, the mortgagee holding the blanket mortgage could foreclose on that
mortgage and terminate all subordinate proprietary leases and occupancy
agreements or (ii) arising under its land lease, the holder of the landlord's
interest under the land lease could terminate it and all subordinate proprietary
leases and occupancy agreements. Also, the blanket mortgage on a Cooperative may
provide financing in the form of a mortgage that does not fully amortize, with a
significant portion of principal being due in one final payment at final
maturity. The inability of the Cooperative to refinance this mortgage and its
consequent inability to make such final payment could lead to foreclosure by the
mortgagee. Similarly, a land lease has an expiration date and the inability of
the Cooperative to extend its term or, in the alternative, to purchase the land
could lead to termination of the Cooperative's interest in the property and
termination of all proprietary leases and occupancy agreements. In either event,
foreclosure by the holder of the blanket mortgage or the termination of the
underlying lease could eliminate or significantly diminish the value of any
collateral held by the lender that financed the purchase by an individual
tenant-stockholder of Cooperative shares or, in the case of the Trust Fund, the
collateral securing the Cooperative Loans.
The Cooperative is owned by tenant-stockholders who, through ownership of
stock, shares or membership certificates in the corporation, receive proprietary
leases or occupancy agreements which confer exclusive rights to occupy specific
units. Generally, a tenant-stockholder of a Cooperative must make a monthly
payment to the Cooperative representing such tenantstockholder's pro rata share
of the Cooperative's payments for its blanket mortgage, real property taxes,
maintenance expenses and other capital or ordinary expenses. An ownership
interest in a Cooperative and accompanying occupancy rights is financed through
a Cooperative share loan evidenced by a promissory note and secured by an
assignment of and a security interest in the occupancy agreement or proprietary
lease and a security interest in the related Cooperative shares. The lender
generally takes possession of the share certificate and a counterpart of the
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and a financing statement covering the
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and the Cooperative shares is filed in
the appropriate state and local offices to perfect the lender's interest in its
collateral. Subject to the limitations discussed below, upon default of the
tenant-stockholder, the lender may sue for judgment on the promissory note,
dispose of the collateral at a public or private sale or otherwise proceed
against the collateral or tenant-stockholder as an individual as provided in the
security agreement covering the assignment of the proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement and the pledge of Cooperative shares. See "Foreclosure on Cooperative
Shares" below.
CONTRACTS
Under the laws of most states, manufactured housing constitutes personal
property and is subject to the motor vehicle registration laws of the state or
other jurisdiction in which the unit is located. In a few states, where
certificates of title are not required for manufactured homes, security
interests are perfected by the filing of a financing statement under Article 9
of the UCC which has been adopted by all states. Such financing statements are
effective for five years and must be renewed at the end of each five years. The
certificate of title laws adopted by the majority of states provide that
ownership of motor vehicles and manufactured housing shall be evidenced by a
certificate of title issued by the motor vehicles department (or a similar
entity) of such state. In the states that have enacted certificate of title
laws, a security interest in a unit of manufactured housing, so long as it is
not attached to land in so permanent a fashion as to become a fixture, is
generally perfected by the recording of such interest on the certificate of
title to the unit in the appropriate motor vehicle registration office or by
delivery of the required documents and payment of a fee to such office,
depending on state law.
The Master Servicer will be required under the related Agreement to effect
such notation or delivery of the required documents and fees, and to obtain
possession of the certificate of title, as appropriate under the laws of the
state in which any Manufactured Home is registered. In the event the Master
Servicer fails, due to clerical errors or otherwise, to effect such notation or
delivery, or files the security interest under the wrong law (for example, under
a motor vehicle title statute rather than under the UCC, in a few states), the
Trustee may not have a first priority security interest in the Manufactured Home
securing a Contract. As manufactured homes have become larger and often have
been attached to their sites without any apparent intention by the borrowers to
move them, courts in many states have held that manufactured homes may, under
certain circumstances, become subject to real estate title and recording laws.
As a result, a security interest in a manufactured home could be rendered
subordinate to the interests of other parties claiming an interest in the home
under applicable state real estate law. In order to perfect a security interest
in a manufactured home under real estate laws, the holder of the security
interest must file either a "fixture filing" under the provisions of the UCC or
a real estate mortgage under the real estate laws of the state where the home is
located. These filings must be made in the real estate records office of the
county where the home is located. Generally, Contracts will contain provisions
prohibiting the obligor from permanently attaching the Manufactured Home to its
site. So long as the obligor does not violate this agreement, a security
interest in the Manufactured Home will be governed by the certificate of title
laws or the UCC, and the notation of the security interest on the certificate of
title or the filing of a UCC financing statement will be effective to maintain
the priority of the security interest in the Manufactured Home. If, however, a
Manufactured Home is permanently attached to its site, other parties could
obtain an interest in the Manufactured Home that is prior to the security
interest originally retained by the seller and transferred to the Depositor.
The Depositor will assign or cause to be assigned a security interest in
the Manufactured Homes to the Trustee, on behalf of the Certificateholders.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, neither the
Depositor, the Master Servicer nor the Trustee will amend the certificates of
title to identify the Trustee, on behalf of the Certificateholders, as the new
secured party and, accordingly, the Depositor or the Mortgage Loan Seller will
continue to be named as the secured party on the certificates of title relating
to the Manufactured Homes. In most states, such assignment is an effective
conveyance of such security interest without amendment of any lien noted on the
related certificate of title and the new secured party succeeds to the
Depositor's rights as the secured party. However, in some states there exists a
risk that, in the absence of an amendment to the certificate of title,
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such assignment of the security interest might not be held effective
against creditors of the Depositor or Mortgage Loan Seller.
In the absence of fraud, forgery or permanent affixation of the
Manufactured Home to its site by the Manufactured Home owner, or administrative
error by state recording officials, the notation of the lien of the Depositor on
the certificate of title or delivery of the required documents and fees will be
sufficient to protect the Trustee against the rights of subsequent purchasers of
a Manufactured Home or subsequent lenders who take a security interest in the
Manufactured Home. If there are any Manufactured Homes as to which the Depositor
has failed to perfect or cause to be perfected the security interest assigned to
the Trust Fund, such security interest would be subordinate to, among others,
subsequent purchasers for value of Manufactured Homes and holders of perfected
security interests. There also exists a risk in not identifying the Trustee, on
behalf of the Certificateholders, as the new secured party on the certificate of
title that, through fraud or negligence, the security interest of the Trustee
could be released.
In the event that the owner of a Manufactured Home moves it to a state
other than the state in which such Manufactured Home initially is registered,
under the laws of most states the perfected security interest in the
Manufactured Home would continue for four months after such relocation and
thereafter until the owner re-registers the Manufactured Home in such state. If
the owner were to relocate a Manufactured Home to another state and re-register
the Manufactured Home in such state, and if the Depositor did not take steps to
re-perfect its security interest in such state, the security interest in the
Manufactured Home would cease to be perfected. A majority of states generally
require surrender of a certificate of title to re-register a Manufactured Home;
accordingly, the Depositor must surrender possession if it holds the certificate
of title to such Manufactured Home or, in the case of Manufactured Homes
registered in states that provide for notation of lien, the Depositor would
receive notice of surrender if the security interest in the Manufactured Home is
noted on the certificate of title. Accordingly, the Depositor would have the
opportunity to re-perfect its security interest in the Manufactured Home in the
state of relocation. In states that do not require a certificate of title for
registration of a manufactured home, reregistration could defeat perfection.
Similarly, when an obligor under a manufactured housing conditional sales
contract sells a manufactured home, the obligee must surrender possession of the
certificate of title or it will receive notice as a result of its lien noted
thereon and accordingly will have an opportunity to require satisfaction of the
related manufactured housing conditional sales contract before release of the
lien. Under each related Agreement, the Master Servicer will be obligated to
take such steps, at the Master Servicer's expense, as are necessary to maintain
perfection of security interests in the Manufactured Homes.
Under the laws of most states, liens for repairs performed on a
Manufactured Home take priority even over a perfected security interest. The
Depositor will obtain the representation of the Mortgage Loan Seller that it has
no knowledge of any such liens with respect to any Manufactured Home securing a
Contract. However, such liens could arise at any time during the term of a
Contract. No notice will be given to the Trustee or Certificateholders in the
event such a lien arises.
FORECLOSURE ON MORTGAGES
Foreclosure of a deed of trust is generally accomplished by a non-judicial
trustee's sale under a specific provision in the deed of trust, which authorizes
the trustee to sell the property upon any default by the borrower under the
terms of the note or deed of trust. In some states, the trustee must record a
notice of default and send a copy to the borrower-trustor and to any person who
has recorded a request for a copy of a notice of default and notice of sale. In
addition, the trustee in some states must provide notice to any other individual
having an interest in the real property, including any junior lienholder. The
trustor,
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borrower, or any person having a junior encumbrance on the real estate,
may, during a reinstatement period, cure the default by paying the entire amount
in arrears plus the costs and expenses incurred in enforcing the obligation.
Generally, state law controls the amount of foreclosure expenses and costs,
including attorneys' fees, that may be recovered by a lender. If the deed of
trust is not reinstated, a notice of sale must be posted in a public place and,
in most states, published for a specific period of time in one or more
newspapers. In addition, some state laws require that a copy of the notice of
sale be posted on the property, recorded and sent to all parties having an
interest in the real property.
An action to foreclose a mortgage is an action to recover the mortgage debt
by enforcing the mortgagee's rights under the mortgage in and to the mortgaged
property. It is regulated by statutes and rules and subject throughout to the
court's equitable powers. Generally, a mortgagor is bound by the terms of the
mortgage note and the mortgage as made and cannot be relieved from its own
default. However, since a foreclosure action is equitable in nature and is
addressed to a court of equity, the court may relieve a mortgagor of a default
and deny the mortgagee foreclosure on proof that the mortgagor's default was
neither willful nor in bad faith and that the mortgagee's action was such as to
establish a waiver, or fraud, bad faith, oppressive or unconscionable conduct as
to warrant a court of equity to refuse affirmative relief to the mortgagee.
Under certain circumstances a court of equity may relieve the mortgagor from an
entirely technical default where such default was not willful.
A foreclosure action or sale pursuant to a power of sale is subject to most
of the delays and expenses of other lawsuits if defenses or counterclaims are
interposed, sometimes requiring up to several years to complete. Moreover,
recent judicial decisions suggest that a non-collusive, regularly conducted
foreclosure sale or sale pursuant to a power of sale may be challenged as a
fraudulent conveyance, regardless of the parties' intent, if a court determines
that the sale was for less than fair consideration and such sale occurred while
the mortgagor was insolvent and within one year (or within the state statute of
limitations if the trustee in bankruptcy elects to proceed under state
fraudulent conveyance law) of the filing of bankruptcy. Similarly, a suit
against the debtor on the mortgage note may take several years.
In case of foreclosure under either a mortgage or a deed of trust, the sale
by the referee or other designated officer or by the trustee is a public sale.
However, because of the difficulty potential third party purchasers at the sale
have in determining the exact status of title and because the physical condition
of the property may have deteriorated during the foreclosure proceedings, it is
uncommon for a third party to purchase the property at the foreclosure sale.
Rather, it is common for the lender to purchase the property from the trustee or
referee for an amount equal to the principal amount of the mortgage or deed of
trust plus accrued and unpaid interest and the expenses of foreclosure.
Thereafter, the lender will assume the burdens of ownership, including obtaining
casualty insurance, paying taxes and making such repairs at its own expense as
are necessary to render the property suitable for sale. Depending upon market
conditions, the ultimate proceeds of the sale of the property may not equal the
lender's investment in the property. Any loss may be reduced by the receipt of
any mortgage insurance proceeds.
A junior mortgagee may not foreclose on the property securing a junior
mortgage unless it forecloses subject to the senior mortgages, in which case it
must either pay the entire amount due on the senior mortgages to the senior
mortgagees prior to or at the time of the foreclosure sale or undertake the
obligation to make payments on the senior mortgages in the event the mortgagor
is in default thereunder, in either event adding the amounts expended to the
balance due on the junior loan, and may be subrogated to the rights of the
senior mortgagees. In addition, in the event that the foreclosure of a junior
mortgage triggers the enforcement of a "due-on-sale" clause, the junior
mortgagee may be required to pay the full amount of the senior mortgages to the
senior mortgagees. Accordingly, with respect to those
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Mortgage Loans which are junior mortgage loans, if the lender purchases the
property, the lender's title will be subject to all senior liens and claims and
certain governmental liens. The proceeds received by the referee or trustee from
the sale are applied first to the costs, fees and expenses of sale and then in
satisfaction of the indebtedness secured by the mortgage or deed of trust under
which the sale was conducted. Any remaining proceeds are generally payable to
the holders of junior mortgages or deeds of trust and other liens and claims in
order of their priority, whether or not the borrower is in default. Any
additional proceeds are generally payable to the mortgagor or trustor. The
payment of the proceeds to the holders of junior mortgages may occur in the
foreclosure action of the senior mortgagee or may require the institution of
separate legal proceeds.
In foreclosure, courts have imposed general equitable principles. The
equitable principles are generally designed to relieve the borrower from the
legal effect of its defaults under the loan documents. Examples of judicial
remedies that have been fashioned include judicial requirements that the lender
undertake affirmative and expensive actions to determine the causes for the
borrower's default and the likelihood that the borrower will be able to
reinstate the loan. In some cases, courts have substituted their judgment for
the lender's judgment and have required that lenders reinstate loans or recast
payment schedules in order to accommodate borrowers who are suffering from
temporary financial disability. In other cases, courts have limited the right of
a lender to foreclose if the default under the mortgage instrument is not
monetary, such as the borrower's failure to adequately maintain the property or
the borrower's execution of a second mortgage or deed of trust affecting the
property. Finally, some courts have been faced with the issue of whether or not
federal or state constitutional provisions reflecting due process concerns for
adequate notice require that borrowers under deeds of trust or mortgages receive
notices in addition to the statutorily-prescribed minimums. For the most part,
these cases have upheld the notice provisions as being reasonable or have found
that the sale by a trustee under a deed of trust, or under a mortgage having a
power of sale, does not involve sufficient state action to afford constitutional
protection to the borrower.
Certain states impose a statutory lien for associated costs on property
that is the subject of a cleanup action by the state on account of hazardous
wastes or hazardous substances released or disposed of on the property. Such a
lien generally will have priority over all subsequent liens on the property and,
in certain of these states, will have priority over prior recorded liens,
including the lien of a mortgage. In addition, under federal environmental
legislation and possibly under state law in a number of states, a secured party
that takes a deed in lieu of foreclosure or acquires a mortgaged property at a
foreclosure sale may be liable for the costs of cleaning up a contaminated site.
Although such costs could be substantial, it is unclear whether they would be
imposed on a secured lender on residential properties. In the event that title
to a Mortgaged Property was acquired on behalf of Certificateholders and cleanup
costs were incurred in respect of the Mortgaged Property, such
Certificateholders might realize a loss if such costs were required to be paid
by the related Trust Fund.
FORECLOSURE ON COOPERATIVE SHARES
The Cooperative shares and proprietary lease or occupancy agreement owned
by the tenant-stockholder and pledged to the lender are, in almost all cases,
subject to restrictions on transfer as set forth in the Cooperative's
certificate of incorporation and by-laws, as well as in the proprietary lease or
occupancy agreement, and may be cancelled by the Cooperative for failure by the
tenant-stockholder to pay rent or other obligations or charges owed by such
tenant-stockholder, including mechanics' liens against the Cooperative apartment
building incurred by such tenant-stockholder. Typically, rent and other
obligations and charges arising under a proprietary lease or occupancy agreement
that are owed to the Cooperative are made liens upon the shares to which the
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement relates. In
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addition, the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement generally permits
the Cooperative to terminate such lease or agreement in the event the
tenantstockholder fails to make payments or defaults in the performance of
covenants required thereunder. Typically, the lender and the Cooperative enter
into a recognition agreement that, together with any lender protection
provisions contained in the proprietary lease, establishes the rights and
obligations of both parties in the event of a default by the tenantstockholder
on its obligations under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. A default
by the tenant-stockholder under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement
will usually constitute a default under the security agreement between the
lender and the tenant-stockholder.
The recognition agreement generally provides that, in the event that the
tenant-stockholder has defaulted under the proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement, the Cooperative will take no action to terminate such lease or
agreement until the lender has been provided with notice of and an opportunity
to cure the default. The recognition agreement typically provides that if the
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement is terminated, the Cooperative will
recognize the lender's lien against proceeds from a sale of the Cooperative
apartment, subject, however, to the Cooperative's right to sums due under such
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement or that have become liens on the shares
relating to the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. The total amount owed
to the Cooperative by the tenant-stockholder, which the lender generally cannot
restrict and does not monitor, could reduce the value of the collateral below
the outstanding principal balance of the Cooperative Loan and accrued and unpaid
interest thereon.
Recognition agreements also provide that in the event of a foreclosure on a
Cooperative Loan, the lender must obtain the approval or consent of the
Cooperative as required by the proprietary lease before transferring the
Cooperative shares or assigning the proprietary lease. Generally, the lender is
not limited in any rights it may have to dispossess the tenantstockholders.
Under the laws applicable in most states, foreclosure on the Cooperative
shares is accomplished by a sale in accordance with the provisions of Article 9
of the UCC and the security agreement relating to those shares. Article 9 of the
UCC requires that a sale be conducted in a "commercially reasonable" manner.
Whether a foreclosure sale has been conducted in a "commercially reasonable"
manner will depend on the facts in each case. In determining commercial
reasonableness, a court will look to the notice given the debtor and the method,
manner, time, place and terms of the foreclosure. Generally, a sale conducted
according to the usual practice of banks selling similar collateral will be
considered reasonably conducted.
Article 9 of the UCC provides that the proceeds of the sale will be applied
first to pay the costs and expenses of the sale and then to satisfy the
indebtedness secured by the lender's security interest. The recognition
agreement, however, generally provides that the lender's right to reimbursement
is subject to the right of the Cooperative corporation to receive sums due under
the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. If there are proceeds remaining,
the lender must account to the tenantstockholder for the surplus. Conversely, if
a portion of the indebtedness remains unpaid, the tenant-stockholder is
generally responsible for the deficiency. See "Anti-Deficiency Legislation and
Other Limitations on Lenders" below.
REPOSSESSION WITH RESPECT TO CONTRACTS
Repossession of manufactured housing is governed by state law. A few states
have enacted legislation that requires that the debtor be given an opportunity
to cure its default (typically 30 days to bring the account current) before
repossession can commence. So long as a manufactured home has not become so
attached to real estate that it would be treated as a part of the real estate
under the law of the state where it is located, repossession of such
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home in the event of a default by the obligor will generally be governed by
the UCC (except in Louisiana). Article 9 of the UCC provides the statutory
framework for the repossession of manufactured housing. While the UCC as adopted
by the various states may vary in certain small particulars, the general
repossession procedure established by the UCC is as follows:
(i) Except in those states where the debtor must receive notice of
the right to cure a default, repossession can commence immediately upon
default without prior notice. Repossession may be effected either through
self-help (peaceable retaking without court order), voluntary repossession
or through judicial process (repossession pursuant to court-issued writ of
replevin). The self-help and/or voluntary repossession methods are more
commonly employed, and are accomplished simply by retaking possession of
the manufactured home. In cases in which the debtor objects or raises a
defense to repossession, a court order must be obtained from the
appropriate state court, and the manufactured home must then be repossessed
in accordance with that order. Whether the method employed is self-help,
voluntary repossession or judicial repossession, the repossession can be
accomplished either by an actual physical removal of the manufactured home
to a secure location for refurbishment and resale or by removing the
occupants and their belongings from the manufactured home and maintaining
possession of the manufactured home on the location where the occupants
were residing. Various factors may affect whether the manufactured home is
physically removed or left on location, such as the nature and term of the
lease of the site on which it is located and the condition of the unit. In
many cases, leaving the manufactured home on location is preferable, in the
event that the home is already set up, because the expenses of retaking and
redelivery will be saved. However, in those cases where the home is left on
location, expenses for site rentals will usually be incurred.
(ii) Once repossession has been achieved, preparation for the
subsequent disposition of the manufactured home can commence. The
disposition may be by public or private sale provided the method, manner,
time, place and terms of the sale are commercially reasonable.
(iii) Sale proceeds are to be applied first to repossession expenses
(expenses incurred in retaking, storage, preparing for sale to include
refurbishing costs and selling) and then to satisfaction of the
indebtedness. While some states impose prohibitions or limitations on
deficiency judgments if the net proceeds from resale do not cover the full
amount of the indebtedness, the remainder may be sought from the debtor in
the form of a deficiency judgement in those states that do not prohibit or
limit such judgments. The deficiency judgment is a personal judgment
against the debtor for the shortfall. Occasionally, after resale of a
manufactured home and payment of all expenses and indebtedness, there is a
surplus of funds. In that case, the UCC requires the party suing for the
deficiency judgment to remit the surplus to the debtor. Because the
defaulting owner of a manufactured home generally has very little capital
or income available following repossession, a deficiency judgment may not
be sought in many cases or, if obtained, will be settled at a significant
discount in light of the defaulting owner's strained financial condition.
LOUISIANA LAW
Any contract secured by a manufactured home located in Louisiana will be
governed by Louisiana law rather than Article 9 of the UCC. Louisiana laws
provide similar mechanisms for perfection and enforcement of security interests
in manufactured housing used as collateral for an installment sale contract or
installment loan agreement.
Under Louisiana law, a manufactured home that has been permanently affixed
to real estate will nevertheless remain subject to the motor vehicle
registration laws unless the
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obligor and any holder of a security interest in the property execute and
file in the real estate records for the parish in which the property is located
a document converting the unit into real property. A manufactured home that is
converted into real property but is then removed from its site can be converted
back to personal property governed by the motor vehicle registration laws if the
obligor executes and files various documents in the appropriate real estate
records and all mortgagees under real estate mortgages on the property and the
land to which it was affixed file releases with the motor vehicle commission.
So long as a manufactured home remains subject to the Louisiana motor
vehicle laws, liens are recorded on the certificate of title by the motor
vehicle commissioner and repossession can be accomplished by voluntary consent
of the obligor, executory process (repossession proceedings which must be
initiated through the courts but which involve minimal court supervision) or a
civil suit for possession. In connection with a voluntary surrender, the obligor
must be given a full release from liability for all amounts due under the
contract. In executory process repossessions, a sheriff's sale (without court
supervision) is permitted, unless the obligor brings suit to enjoin the sale,
and the lender is prohibited from seeking a deficiency judgment against the
obligor unless the lender obtained an appraisal of the manufactured home prior
to the sale and the property was sold for at least two-thirds of its
appraised value.
RIGHTS OF REDEMPTION WITH RESPECT TO SINGLE-FAMILY PROPERTIES
AND MULTIFAMILY PROPERTIES
In some states, after sale pursuant to a deed of trust or foreclosure of a
mortgage, the trustor or mortgagor and certain foreclosed junior lienors are
given a statutory period in which to redeem the property from the foreclosure
sale. The right of redemption should be distinguished from the equity of
redemption, which is a nonstatutory right that must be exercised prior to the
foreclosure sale. In some states, redemption may occur only upon payment of the
entire principal balance of the loan, accrued interest and expenses of
foreclosure. In other states, redemption may be authorized if the former
borrower pays only a portion of the sums due. The effect of a statutory right of
redemption is to diminish the ability of the lender to sell the foreclosed
property. The right of redemption would defeat the title of any purchaser
acquired at a public sale. Consequently, the practical effect of a right of
redemption is to force the lender to retain the property and pay the expenses of
ownership and maintenance of the property until the redemption period has
expired. In some states, there is no right to redeem property after a trustee's
sale under a deed of trust.
NOTICE OF SALE; REDEMPTION RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO MANUFACTURED HOMES
While state laws do not usually require notice to be given to debtors prior
to repossession, many states do require delivery of a notice of default and of
the debtor's right to cure defaults before repossession. The law in most states
also requires that the debtor be given notice of sale prior to the resale of the
home so that the owner may redeem at or before resale. In addition, the sale
must comply with the requirements of the UCC.
ANTI-DEFICIENCY LEGISLATION AND OTHER LIMITATIONS ON LENDERS
Certain states have imposed statutory prohibitions that limit the remedies
of a beneficiary under a deed of trust or a mortgagee under a mortgage. In some
states, statutes limit the right of the beneficiary or mortgagee to obtain a
deficiency judgment against the borrower following foreclosure or sale under a
deed of trust. A deficiency judgment is a personal judgment against the former
borrower equal in most cases to the difference between the net amount realized
upon the public sale of the real property and the amount due to the lender.
Other statutes require the beneficiary or mortgagee to exhaust the security
afforded under a deed of trust or mortgage by foreclosure in an attempt to
satisfy the full debt before bringing
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a personal action against the borrower. Finally, other statutory provisions
limit any deficiency judgment against the former borrower following a judicial
sale to the excess of the outstanding debt over the fair market value of the
property at the time of the public sale. The purpose of these statutes is
generally to prevent a beneficiary or a mortgagee from obtaining a large
deficiency judgment against the former borrower as a result of low or no bids at
the judicial sale.
In addition to laws limiting or prohibiting deficiency judgments, numerous
other statutory provisions, including the federal bankruptcy laws and state laws
affording relief to debtors, may interfere with or affect the ability of the
secured mortgage lender to realize upon collateral and/or enforce a deficiency
judgment. For example, with respect to federal bankruptcy law, the filing of a
petition acts as a stay against the enforcement of remedies of collection of a
debt. Moreover, a court with federal bankruptcy jurisdiction may permit a debtor
through his or her Chapter 13 rehabilitative plan to cure a monetary default
with respect to a mortgage loan on a debtor's residence by paying arrearages
within a reasonable time period and reinstating the original mortgage loan
payment schedule even though the lender accelerated the mortgage loan and final
judgment of a foreclosure had been entered in state court (provided no sale of
the property had yet occurred) prior to the filing of the debtor's Chapter 13
petition. Some courts with federal bankruptcy jurisdiction have approved plans,
based on the particular facts of the reorganization case, that effected the
curing of a mortgage loan default by paying arrearages over a number of years.
Courts with federal bankruptcy jurisdiction have also indicated that the
terms of a mortgage loan secured by property of the debtor may be modified if
the borrower has filed a petition under Chapter 13. These courts have suggested
that such modifications may include reducing the amount of each monthly payment,
changing the rate of interest, altering the repayment schedule and reducing the
lender's security interest to the value of the residence, thus leaving the
lender a general unsecured creditor for the difference between the value of the
residence and the outstanding balance of the loan. Federal bankruptcy law and
limited case law indicate that the foregoing modifications could not be applied
to the terms of a loan secured by property that is the principal residence of
the debtor. In all cases, the secured creditor is entitled to the value of its
security plus post-petition interest, attorneys' fees and costs to the extent
the value of the security exceeds the debt.
The Code provides priority to certain tax liens over the lien of the
mortgage. This may have the effect of delaying or interfering with the
enforcement of rights in respect of a defaulted Mortgage Loan. In addition,
substantive requirements are imposed upon mortgage lenders in connection with
the origination and the servicing of mortgage loans by numerous federal and some
state consumer protection laws. The laws include the federal Truth-in-Lending
Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Fair
Credit Billing Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, and related statutes. These
federal laws impose specific statutory liabilities upon lenders who originate
mortgage loans and who fail to comply with the provisions of the law. In some
cases, this liability may affect assignees of the mortgage loans.
FOR COOPERATIVE LOANS
Generally, Article 9 of the UCC governs foreclosure on Cooperative shares
and the related proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. Some courts have
interpreted Section 9-504 of the UCC to prohibit a deficiency award unless the
creditor establishes that the sale of the collateral (which, in the case of a
Cooperative Loan, would be the shares of the Cooperative and the related
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement) was conducted in a commercially
reasonable manner.
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JUNIOR MORTGAGES
Some of the Mortgage Loans may be secured by junior mortgages or deeds of
trust, which are junior to senior mortgages or deeds of trust which are not part
of the Trust Fund. The rights of the Certificateholders as the holders of a
junior deed of trust or a junior mortgage are subordinate in lien priority and
in payment priority to those of the holder of the senior mortgage or deed of
trust, including the prior rights of the senior mortgagee or beneficiary to
receive and apply hazard insurance and condemnation proceeds and, upon default
of the mortgagor, to cause a foreclosure on the property. Upon completion of the
foreclosure proceedings by the holder of the senior mortgage or the sale
pursuant to the deed of trust, the junior mortgagee's or junior beneficiary's
lien will be extinguished unless the junior lienholder satisfies the defaulted
senior loan or asserts its subordinate interest in a property in foreclosure
proceedings. See "-Foreclosure on Mortgages" herein.
Furthermore, the terms of the junior mortgage or deed of trust are
subordinate to the terms of the senior mortgage or deed of trust. In the event
of a conflict between the terms of the senior mortgage or deed of trust and the
junior mortgage or deed of trust, the terms of the senior mortgage or deed of
trust will govern generally. Upon a failure of the mortgagor or trustor to
perform any of its obligations, the senior mortgagee or beneficiary, subject to
the terms of the senior mortgage or deed of trust, may have the right to perform
the obligation itself. Generally, all sums so expended by the mortgagee or
beneficiary become part of the indebtedness secured by the mortgage or deed of
trust. To the extent a senior mortgagee expends such sums, such sums will
generally have priority over all sums due under the junior mortgage.
CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS WITH RESPECT TO CONTRACTS
Numerous federal and state consumer protection laws impose substantial
requirements upon creditors involved in consumer finance. These laws include the
federal Truth-in-Lending Act, Regulation "Z", the Equal Credit Opportunity Act,
Regulation "B", the Fair Credit Reporting Act, and related statutes. These laws
can impose specific statutory liabilities upon creditors who fail to comply with
their provisions. In some cases, this liability may affect an assignee's ability
to enforce a contract.
Manufactured housing contracts often contain provisions obligating the
obligor to pay late charges if payments are not timely made. In certain cases,
federal and state law may specifically limit the amount of late charges that may
be collected. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement,
under the Agreement, late charges will be retained by the Master Servicer as
additional servicing compensation, and any inability to collect these amounts
will not affect payments to Certificateholders.
Courts have imposed general equitable principles upon repossession and
litigation involving deficiency balances. These equitable principles are
generally designed to relieve a consumer from the legal consequences of a
default.
In several cases, consumers have asserted that the remedies provided to
secured parties under the UCC and related laws violate the due process
protections provided under the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United
States. For the most part, courts have upheld the notice provisions of the UCC
and related laws as reasonable or have found that the repossession and resale by
the creditor does not involve sufficient state action to afford constitutional
protection to consumers.
The so-called "Holder-in-Due-Course" Rule of the Federal Trade Commission
(the "FTC Rule") has the effect of subjecting a seller (and certain related
creditors and their assignees) in a consumer credit transaction and any assignee
of the creditor to all claims and defenses which the debtor in the transaction
could assert against the seller of the goods. Liability under the
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FTC Rule is limited to the amounts paid by a debtor on the contract, and
the holder of the contract may also be unable to collect amounts still due
thereunder.
Most of the Contracts in a Trust Fund will be subject to the requirements
of the FTC Rule. Accordingly, the Trustee, as holder of the Contracts, will be
subject to any claims or defenses that the purchaser of the related manufactured
home may assert against the seller of the manufactured home, subject to a
maximum liability equal to the amounts paid by the obligor on the Contract. If
an obligor is successful in asserting any such claim or defense, and if the
Mortgage Loan Seller had or should have had knowledge of such claim or defense,
the Master Servicer will have the right to require the Mortgage Loan Seller to
repurchase the Contract because of a breach of its Mortgage Loan Seller's
representation and warranty that no claims or defenses exist that would affect
the obligor's obligation to make the required payments under the Contract. The
Mortgage Loan Seller would then have the right to require the originating dealer
to repurchase the Contract from it and might also have the right to recover from
the dealer for any losses suffered by the Mortgage Loan Seller with respect to
which the dealer would have been primarily liable to the obligor.
OTHER LIMITATIONS
In addition to the laws limiting or prohibiting deficiency judgments,
numerous other statutory provisions, including federal bankruptcy laws and
related state laws, may interfere with or affect the ability of a lender to
realize upon collateral and/or enforce a deficiency judgment. For example, in a
Chapter 13 proceeding under the federal bankruptcy law, a court may prevent a
lender from repossessing a home, and, as part of the rehabilitation plan, reduce
the amount of the secured indebtedness to the market value of the home at the
time of bankruptcy (as determined by the court), leaving the party providing
financing as a general unsecured creditor for the remainder of the indebtedness.
A bankruptcy court may also reduce the monthly payments due under a contract or
change the rate of interest and time of repayment of the indebtedness.
ENFORCEABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS
Unless the Prospectus Supplement indicates otherwise, all the related
Mortgage Loans will contain due-on-sale clauses. These clauses permit the lender
to accelerate the maturity of the loan if the borrower sells, transfers, or
conveys the property without the prior consent of the lender. The enforceability
of these clauses has been impaired in various ways in certain states by statute
or decisional law. The ability of lenders and their assignees and transferees to
enforce due-on-sale clauses was addressed by the Garn-St Germain Depository
Institutions Act of 1982 (the "Garn-St Germain Act"), which was enacted on
October 15, 1982. This legislation, subject to certain exceptions, preempts
state constitutional, statutory and case law that prohibits the enforcement of
due-on-sale clauses. The Garn-St Germain Act does "encourage" lenders to permit
assumptions of loans at the original rate of interest or at some other rate less
than the average of the original rate and the market rate.
SINGLE-FAMILY LOANS AND MULTIFAMILY LOANS
Exempted from this preemption pursuant to the Garn-St Germain Act are
mortgage loans (originated other than by federal savings and loan associations
and federal savings banks) that were made or assumed during the period beginning
on the date a state, by statute or final appellate court decision having
statewide effect, prohibited the exercise of due-on-sale clauses and ending on
October 15, 1982 ("Window Period Loans"). However, this exception applies only
to transfers of property underlying Window Period Loans occurring between
October 15, 1982 and October 15, 1985 and does not restrict enforcement of a
due-on-sale clause in connection with current transfers of property underlying
Window Period Loans unless the
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property underlying such Window Period Loan is located in one of the five
"window period states" identified below. Due-on-sale clauses contained in
mortgage loans originated by federal savings and loan associations or federal
savings banks are fully enforceable pursuant to regulations of the Federal Home
Loan Bank Board, predecessor to the Office of Thrift Supervision, which preempt
state law restrictions on the enforcement of due-on-sale clauses. Mortgage Loans
originated by such institutions are therefore not deemed to be Window Period
Loans.
With the expiration of the exemption for Window Period Loans on October 15,
1985, due-on-sale clauses have become generally enforceable except in those
states whose legislatures exercised their authority to regulate the
enforceability of such clauses with respect to mortgage loans that were (i)
originated or assumed during the "window period", which ended in all cases not
later than October 15, 1982, and (ii) originated by lenders other than national
banks, federal savings institutions and federal credit unions. FHLMC has taken
the position in its published mortgage servicing standards that, out of a total
of eleven "window period states", five states (Arizona, Michigan, Minnesota, New
Mexico and Utah) have enacted statutes extending, on various terms and for
varying periods, the prohibition on enforcement of due-on-sale clauses with
respect to certain categories of Window Period Loans. The Garn-St Germain Act
also sets forth nine specific instances in which a mortgage lender covered by
the Garn-St Germain Act (including federal savings and loan associations and
federal savings banks) may not exercise a due-on-sale clause, notwithstanding
the fact that a transfer of the property may have occurred. These include
intra-family transfers, certain transfers by operation of law, leases of fewer
than three years and the creation of a junior encumbrance. Regulations
promulgated under the Garn-St Germain Act also prohibit the imposition of a
prepayment penalty upon the acceleration of a loan pursuant to a due-on-sale
clause.
The inability to enforce a due-on-sale clause may result in a Mortgage Loan
bearing an interest rate below the current market rate being assumed by a new
home buyer rather than being paid off, which may have an impact upon the average
life of the Mortgage Loans related to a series and the number of such Mortgage
Loans which may be outstanding until maturity.
TRANSFER OF MANUFACTURED HOMES
Generally, manufactured housing contracts contain provisions prohibiting
the sale or transfer of the related manufactured homes without the consent of
the obligee on the contract and permitting the acceleration of the maturity of
such contracts by the obligee on the contract upon any such sale or transfer
that is not consented to. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Master Servicer will, to the extent it has knowledge of such
conveyance or proposed conveyance, exercise or cause to be exercised its rights
to accelerate the maturity of the related Contracts through enforcement of
due-on-sale clauses, subject to applicable state law. In certain cases, the
transfer may be made by a delinquent obligor in order to avoid a repossession
proceeding with respect to a Manufactured Home.
In the case of a transfer of a Manufactured Home as to which the Master
Servicer desires to accelerate the maturity of the related Contract, the Master
Servicer's ability to do so will depend on the enforceability under state law of
the due-on-sale clause. The Garn-St Germain Act preempts, subject to certain
exceptions and conditions, state laws prohibiting enforcement of due-on-sale
clauses applicable to the Manufactured Homes. Consequently, in some cases the
Master Servicer may be prohibited from enforcing a due-on-sale clause in respect
of certain Manufactured Homes.
PREPAYMENT CHARGES AND PREPAYMENTS
Generally, Mortgage Loans may be prepaid in full or in part without
penalty. Generally, Multifamily Loans may contain provisions limiting
prepayments on such loans, including
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prohibiting prepayment for a specified period after origination,
prohibiting partial prepayments entirely or requiring the payment of a
prepayment penalty upon prepayment in full or in part. The regulations of the
Federal Home Loan Bank Board, predecessor to the Office of Thrift Supervision,
prohibit the imposition of a prepayment penalty or equivalent fee for or in
connection with the acceleration of a loan by exercise of a due-on-sale clause.
A mortgagee to whom a prepayment in full has been tendered may be compelled to
give either a release of the mortgage or an instrument assigning the existing
mortgage to a refinancing lender.
SUBORDINATE FINANCING
When the mortgagor encumbers mortgaged property with one or more junior
liens, the senior lender is subjected to additional risk. First, the mortgagor
may have difficulty servicing and repaying multiple loans. In addition, if the
junior loan permits recourse to the mortgagor (as junior loans often do) and the
senior loan does not, a mortgagor may be more likely to repay sums due on the
junior loan than those on the senior loan. Second, acts of the senior lender
that prejudice the junior lender or impair the junior lender's security may
create a superior equity in favor of the junior lender. For example, if the
mortgagor and the senior lender agree to an increase in the principal amount of
or the interest rate payable on the senior loan, the senior lender may lose its
priority to the extent an existing junior lender is harmed or the mortgagor is
additionally burdened. Third, if the mortgagor defaults on the senior loan
and/or any junior loan or loans, the existence of junior loans and actions taken
by junior lenders can impair the security available to the senior lender and can
interfere with or delay the taking of action by the senior lender. Moreover, the
bankruptcy of a junior lender may operate to stay foreclosure or similar
proceeds by the senior lender.
APPLICABILITY OF USURY LAWS
Title V of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control
Act of 1980, enacted in March 1980 ("Title V"), provides that state usury
limitations shall not apply to certain types of residential first mortgage loans
originated by certain lenders after March 31, 1980. A similar federal statute
was in effect with respect to mortgage loans made during the first three months
of 1980. The statute authorized any state to reimpose interest rate limits by
adopting, before April 1, 1983, a law or constitutional provision that expressly
rejects application of the federal law. In addition, even where Title V is not
so rejected, any state is authorized by the law to adopt a provision limiting
discount points or other charges on mortgage loans covered by Title V. Certain
states have taken action to reimpose interest rate limits and/or to limit
discount points or other charges.
The Depositor has been advised by counsel that a court interpreting Title V
would hold that mortgage loans originated on or after January 1, 1980 are
subject to federal preemption. Therefore, in a state that has not taken the
requisite action to reject application of Title V or to adopt a provision
limiting discount points or other charges prior to origination of such mortgage
loans, any such limitation under such state's usury law would not apply to such
mortgage loans.
In any state in which application of Title V has been expressly rejected or
a provision limiting discount points or other charges is adopted, no Mortgage
Loans originated after the date of such state action will be eligible for
inclusion in a Trust Fund if such Mortgage Loans bear interest or provide for
discount points or charges in excess of permitted levels. No Mortgage Loan
originated prior to January 1, 1980 will bear interest or provide for discount
points or charges in excess of permitted levels.
Title V also provides that, subject to the following conditions, state
usury limitations shall not apply to any loan that is secured by a first lien on
certain kinds of manufactured housing. The Contracts would be covered if they
satisfy certain conditions, among other things,
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governing the terms of any prepayments, late charges and deferral fees and
requiring a 30- day notice period prior to instituting any action leading to
repossession of or foreclosure with respect to the related unit. Title V
authorized any state to reimpose limitations on interest rates and finance
charges by adopting before April 1, 1983 a law or constitutional provision which
expressly rejects application of the federal law. Fifteen states adopted such a
law prior to the April 1, 1983 deadline. In addition, even where Title V was not
so rejected, any state is authorized by the law to adopt a provision limiting
discount points or other charges on loans covered by Title V. In any state in
which application of Title V was expressly rejected or a provision limiting
discount points or other charges has been adopted, no Contract which imposes
finance charges or provides for discount points or charges in excess of
permitted levels has been included in the Trust Fund.
ALTERNATIVE MORTGAGE INSTRUMENTS
ARM Loans originated by non-federally chartered lenders have historically
been subject to a variety of restrictions. Such restrictions differed from state
to state, resulting in difficulties in determining whether a particular
alternative mortgage instrument originated by a state-chartered lender complied
with applicable law. These difficulties were simplified substantially as a
result of the enactment of Title VIII of the Garn-St Germain Act ("Title VIII").
Title VIII provides that, notwithstanding any state law to the contrary, (i)
state-chartered banks may originate "alternative mortgage instruments"
(including ARM Loans) in accordance with regulations promulgated by the
Comptroller of the Currency with respect to origination of alternative mortgage
instruments by national banks, (ii) state-chartered credit unions may originate
alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with regulations promulgated by
the National Credit Union Administration with respect to origination of
alternative mortgage instruments by federal credit unions and (iii) all other
non-federally chartered housing creditors, including, without limitation,
state-chartered savings and loan associations, savings banks and mutual savings
banks and mortgage banking companies may originate alternative mortgage
instruments in accordance with the regulations promulgated by the Federal Home
Loan Bank Board, predecessor to the Office of Thrift Supervision with respect to
origination of alternative mortgage instruments by federal savings and loan
associations. Title VIII further provides that any state may reject
applicability of the provisions of Title VIII by adopting, prior to October 15,
1985, a law or constitutional provision expressly rejecting the applicability of
such provisions. Certain states have taken such action.
The Depositor has been advised by its counsel that it is their opinion that
a court interpreting Title VIII would hold that ARM Loans that were originated
by state-chartered lenders before the date of enactment of any state law or
constitutional provision rejecting applicability of Title VIII would not be
subject to state laws imposing restrictions or prohibitions on the ability of
state-chartered lenders to originate alternative mortgage instruments.
All of the ARM Loans that were originated by a state-chartered lender after
the enactment of a state law or constitutional provision rejecting the
applicability of Title VIII complied with applicable state law. All of the ARM
Loans that were originated by federally chartered lenders or that were
originated by state-chartered lenders prior to enactment of a state law or
constitutional provision rejecting the applicability of Title VIII were
originated in compliance with all applicable federal regulations.
FORMALDEHYDE LITIGATION WITH RESPECT TO CONTRACTS
A number of lawsuits are pending in the United States alleging personal
injury from exposure to the chemical formaldehyde, which is present in many
building materials, including such components of manufactured housing as plywood
flooring and wall paneling. Some of
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these lawsuits are pending against manufacturers of manufactured housing,
suppliers of component parts, and related persons in the distribution process.
The Depositor is aware of a limited number of cases in which plaintiffs have won
judgments in these lawsuits.
Under the FTC Rule, which is described above under "Consumer Protection
Laws", the holder of any Contract secured by a Manufactured Home with respect to
which a formaldehyde claim has been successfully asserted may be liable to the
obligor for the amount paid by the obligor on the related Contract and may be
unable to collect amounts still due under the Contract. The successful assertion
of such claim constitutes a breach of a representation or warranty of the
Mortgage Loan Seller, and the Certificateholders would suffer a loss only to the
extent that (i) the Mortgage Loan Seller breached its obligation to repurchase
the Contract in the event an obligor is successful in asserting such a claim,
and (ii) the Mortgage Loan Seller, the Depositor or the Trustee were
unsuccessful in asserting any claim of contribution or subrogation on behalf of
the Certificateholders against the manufacturer or other persons who were
directly liable to the plaintiff for the damages. Typical products liability
insurance policies held by manufacturers and component suppliers of manufactured
homes may not cover liabilities arising from formaldehyde in manufactured
housing, with the result that recoveries from such manufacturers, suppliers or
other persons may be limited to their corporate assets without the benefit of
insurance.
SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' CIVIL RELIEF ACT OF 1940
Under the terms of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, as
amended (the "Relief Act"), a borrower who enters military service after the
origination of such borrower's Mortgage Loan (including a borrower who was in
reserve status and is called to active duty after origination of the Mortgage
Loan), may not be charged interest (including fees and charges) above an annual
rate of 6% during the period of such borrower's active duty status, unless a
court orders otherwise upon application of the lender. The Relief Act applies to
borrowers who are members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, National Guard,
Reserves, Coast Guard, and officers of the U.S. Public Health Service assigned
to duty with the military. Because the Relief Act applies to borrowers who enter
military service (including reservists who are called to active duty) after
origination of the related Mortgage Loan, no information can be provided as to
the number of loans that may be affected by the Relief Act. Application of the
Relief Act would adversely affect, for an indeterminate period of time, the
ability of the Master Servicer to collect full amounts of interest on certain of
the Mortgage Loans. Any shortfalls in interest collections resulting from the
application of the Relief Act would result in a reduction of the amounts
distributable to the holders of the related series of Certificates, and would
not be covered by advances or, unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, any form of Credit Support provided in connection with
such Certificates. In addition, the Relief Act imposes limitations that would
impair the ability of the Master Servicer to foreclose on an affected
Single-Family Loan or enforce rights under a Contract during the borrower's
period of active duty status, and, under certain circumstances, during an
additional three month period thereafter. Thus, in the event that such a
Mortgage Loan goes into default, there may be delays and losses occasioned
thereby.
CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
GENERAL
The following is a general discussion of the anticipated material federal
income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the
Certificates offered hereunder. This discussion is directed solely to
Certificateholders that hold the Certificates as capital assets within the
meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the
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"Code") and does not purport to discuss all federal income tax consequences
that may be applicable to particular categories of investors, some of which
(such as banks, insurance companies and foreign investors) may be subject to
special rules. Further, the authorities on which this discussion, and the
opinion referred to below, are based are subject to change or differing
interpretations, which could apply retroactively. Taxpayers and preparers of tax
returns (including those filed by any REMIC or other issuer) should be aware
that under applicable Treasury regulations a provider of advice on specific
issues of law is not considered an income tax return preparer unless the advice
(i) is given with respect to events that have occurred at the time the advice is
rendered and is not given with respect to the consequences of contemplated
actions, and (ii) is directly relevant to the determination of an entry on a tax
return. Accordingly, taxpayers should consult their own tax advisors and tax
return preparers regarding the preparation of any item on a tax return, even
where the anticipated tax treatment has been discussed herein. In addition to
the federal income tax consequences described herein, potential investors should
consider the state and local tax consequences, if any, of the purchase,
ownership and disposition of the Certificates. See "State and Other Tax
Consequences." Certificateholders are advised to consult their own tax advisors
concerning the federal, state, local or other tax consequences to them of the
purchase, ownership and disposition of the Certificates offered hereunder.
The following discussion addresses securities of two general types: (i)
certificates ("REMIC Certificates") representing interests in a Trust Fund, or a
portion thereof, that the Trustee will elect to have treated as a real estate
mortgage investment conduit ("REMIC") under Sections 860A through 860G (the
"REMIC Provisions") of the Code and (ii) certificates ("Grantor Trust
Certificates") representing interests in a Trust Fund ("Grantor Trust Fund") as
to which no such election will be made. The Prospectus Supplement for each
series of Certificates will indicate whether a REMIC election (or elections)
will be made for the related Trust Fund and, if such an election is to be made,
will identify all "regular interests" and "residual interests" in the REMIC. For
purposes of this tax discussion, references to a "Certificateholder" or a
"holder" are to the beneficial owner of a Certificate.
The following discussion is based in part upon the rules governing original
issue discount that are set forth in Sections 1271-1273 and 1275 of the Code and
in the Treasury regulations issued thereunder (the "OID Regulations"), and in
part upon the REMIC Provisions and the Treasury regulations issued thereunder
(the "REMIC Regulations"). The OID Regulations do not adequately address certain
issues relevant to, and in some instances provide that they are not applicable
to, securities such as the Certificates.
REMICS
CLASSIFICATION OF REMICS
Upon the issuance of each series of REMIC Certificates, Thacher Proffitt &
Wood, counsel to the Depositor, will deliver its opinion generally to the effect
that, assuming compliance with all provisions of the related Pooling and
Servicing Agreement, the related Trust Fund (or each applicable portion thereof)
will qualify as a REMIC and the REMIC Certificates offered with respect thereto
will be considered to evidence ownership of "regular interests" ("REMIC Regular
Certificates") or "residual interests" ("REMIC Residual Certificates") in that
REMIC within the meaning of the REMIC Provisions.
If an entity electing to be treated as a REMIC fails to comply with one or
more of the ongoing requirements of the Code for such status during any taxable
year, the Code provides that the entity will not be treated as a REMIC for such
year and thereafter. In that event, such entity may be taxable as a corporation
under Treasury regulations, and the related REMIC Certificates may not be
accorded the status or given the tax treatment described below. Although the
Code authorizes the Treasury Department to issue regulations providing relief
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in the event of an inadvertent termination of REMIC status, no such
regulations have been issued. Any such relief, moreover, may be accompanied by
sanctions, such as the imposition of a corporate tax on all or a portion of the
Trust Fund's income for the period in which the requirements for such status are
not satisfied. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement with respect to each REMIC
will include provisions designed to maintain the Trust Fund's status as a REMIC
under the REMIC Provisions. It is not anticipated that the status of any Trust
Fund as a REMIC will be terminated.
CHARACTERIZATION OF INVESTMENTS IN REMIC CERTIFICATES
In general, the REMIC Certificates will be "qualifying real property loans"
within the meaning of Section 593(d) of the Code, "real estate assets" within
the meaning of Section 856(c)(5)(A) of the Code and assets described in Section
7701(a)(19)(C) of the Code in the same proportion that the assets of the REMIC
underlying such Certificates would be so treated. Moreover, if 95% or more of
the assets of the REMIC qualify for any of the foregoing treatments at all times
during a calendar year, the REMIC Certificates will qualify for the
corresponding status in their entirety for that calendar year. Interest
(including original issue discount) on the REMIC Regular Certificates and income
allocated to the class of REMIC Residual Certificates will be interest described
in Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code to the extent that such Certificates are
treated as "real estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(5)(A) of
the Code. In addition, the REMIC Regular Certificates will be "qualified
mortgages" within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3) of the Code if transferred
to another REMIC on its startup day in exchange for regular or residual
interests therein. The determination as to the percentage of the REMIC's assets
that constitute assets described in the foregoing sections of the Code will be
made with respect to each calendar quarter based on the average adjusted basis
of each category of the assets held by the REMIC during such calendar quarter.
The REMIC will report those determinations to Certificateholders in the manner
and at the times required by applicable Treasury regulations.
The assets of the REMIC will include, in addition to Mortgage Loans,
payments on Mortgage Loans held pending distribution on the REMIC Certificates
and property acquired by foreclosure held pending sale, and may include amounts
in reserve accounts. It is unclear whether property acquired by foreclosure held
pending sale and amounts in reserve accounts would be considered to be part of
the Mortgage Loans, or whether such assets (to the extent not invested in assets
described in the foregoing sections) otherwise would receive the same treatment
as the Mortgage Loans for purposes of all of the foregoing sections. In
addition, in some instances Mortgage Loans may not be treated entirely as assets
described in the foregoing sections. If so, the related Prospectus Supplement
will describe the Mortgage Loans that may not be so treated. The REMIC
Regulations do provide, however, that payments on Mortgage Loans held pending
distribution are considered part of the Mortgage Loans for purposes of Sections
593(d) and 856(c)(5)(A) of the Code.
TIERED REMIC STRUCTURES
For certain series of REMIC Certificates, two or more separate elections
may be made to treat designated portions of the related Trust Fund as REMICs
("Tiered REMICs") for federal income tax purposes. Upon the issuance of any such
series of REMIC Certificates, Thacher Proffitt & Wood, counsel to the Depositor,
will deliver its opinion generally to the effect that, assuming compliance with
all provisions of the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement, the Tiered REMICs
will each qualify as a REMIC and the REMIC Certificates issued by the Tiered
REMICs, respectively, will be considered to evidence ownership of REMIC Regular
Certificates or REMIC Residual Certificates in the related REMIC within the
meaning of the REMIC Provisions.
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Solely for purposes of determining whether the REMIC Certificates will be
"qualifying real property loans" under Section 593(d) of the Code, "real estate
assets" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(5)(A) of the Code, and "loans
secured by an interest in real property" under Section 7701(a)(19)(C) of the
Code, and whether the income on such Certificates is interest described in
Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code, the Tiered REMICs will be treated as one
REMIC.
TAXATION OF OWNERS OF REMIC REGULAR CERTIFICATES
GENERAL
Except as otherwise stated in this discussion, REMIC Regular Certificates
will be treated for federal income tax purposes as debt instruments issued by
the REMIC and not as ownership interests in the REMIC or its assets. Moreover,
holders of REMIC Regular Certificates that otherwise report income under a cash
method of accounting will be required to report income with respect to REMIC
Regular Certificates under an accrual method.
ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT
Certain REMIC Regular Certificates may be issued with "original issue
discount" within the meaning of Section 1273(a) of the Code. Any holders of
REMIC Regular Certificates issued with original issue discount generally will be
required to include original issue discount in income as it accrues, in
accordance with the method described below, in advance of the receipt of the
cash attributable to such income. In addition, Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code
provides special rules applicable to REMIC Regular Certificates and certain
other debt instruments issued with original issue discount. Regulations have not
been issued under that section.
The Code requires that a prepayment assumption be used with respect to
Mortgage Loans held by a REMIC in computing the accrual of original issue
discount on REMIC Regular Certificates issued by that REMIC, and that
adjustments be made in the amount and rate of accrual of such discount to
reflect differences between the actual prepayment rate and the prepayment
assumption. The prepayment assumption is to be determined in a manner prescribed
in Treasury regulations; as noted above, those regulations have not been issued.
The Conference Committee Report accompanying the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (the
"Committee Report") indicates that the regulations will provide that the
prepayment assumption used with respect to a REMIC Regular Certificate must be
the same as that used in pricing the initial offering of such REMIC Regular
Certificate. The prepayment assumption (the "Prepayment Assumption") used in
reporting original issue discount for each series of REMIC Regular Certificates
will be consistent with this standard and will be disclosed in the related
Prospectus Supplement. However, neither the Depositor, nor the Master Servicer
will make any representation that the Mortgage Loans will in fact prepay at a
rate conforming to the Prepayment Assumption or at any other rate.
The original issue discount, if any, on a REMIC Regular Certificate will be
the excess of its stated redemption price at maturity over its issue price. The
issue price of a particular class of REMIC Regular Certificates will be the
first cash price at which a substantial amount of REMIC Regular Certificates of
that class is sold (excluding sales to bond houses, brokers and underwriters).
If less than a substantial amount of a particular class of REMIC Regular
Certificates is sold for cash on or prior to the date of their initial issuance
(the "Closing Date"), the issue price for such class will be the fair market
value of such class on the Closing Date. Under the OID Regulations, the stated
redemption price of a REMIC Regular Certificate is equal to the total of all
payments to be made on such Certificate other than "qualified stated interest."
"Qualified stated interest" includes interest that is unconditionally payable at
least annually at a single fixed rate, or at a "qualified floating rate," an
"objective rate," a combination of a single fixed rate and one or more
"qualified floating rates" or one "qualified inverse floating rate," or a
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combination of "qualified floating rates" that does not operate in a manner that
accelerates or defers interest payments on such REMIC Regular Certificate.
In the case of REMIC Regular Certificates bearing adjustable interest
rates, the determination of the total amount of original issue discount and the
timing of the inclusion thereof will vary according to the characteristics of
such REMIC Regular Certificates. If the original issue discount rules apply to
such Certificates, the related Prospectus Supplement will describe the manner in
which such rules will be applied with respect to those Certificates in preparing
information returns to the Certificateholders and the Internal Revenue Service
(the "IRS").
Certain classes of the REMIC Regular Certificates may provide for the first
interest payment with respect to such Certificates to be made more than one
month after the date of issuance, a period which is longer than the subsequent
monthly intervals between interest payments. Assuming the "accrual period" (as
defined below) for original issue discount is each monthly period that ends on a
Distribution Date, in some cases, as a consequence of this "long first accrual
period," some or all interest payments may be required to be included in the
stated redemption price of the REMIC Regular Certificate and accounted for as
original issue discount. Because interest on REMIC Regular Certificates must in
any event be accounted for under an accrual method, applying this analysis would
result in only a slight difference in the timing of the inclusion in income of
the yield on the REMIC Regular Certificates.
In addition, if the accrued interest to be paid on the first Distribution
Date is computed with respect to a period that begins prior to the Closing Date,
a portion of the purchase price paid for a REMIC Regular Certificate will
reflect such accrued interest. In such cases, information returns to the
Certificateholders and the IRS will be based on the position that the portion of
the purchase price paid for the interest accrued with respect to periods prior
to the Closing Date is treated as part of the overall cost of such REMIC Regular
Certificate (and not as a separate asset the cost of which is recovered entirely
out of interest received on the next Distribution Date) and that portion of the
interest paid on the first Distribution Date in excess of interest accrued for a
number of days corresponding to the number of days from the Closing Date to the
first Distribution Date should be included in the stated redemption price of
such REMIC Regular Certificate. However, the OID Regulations state that all or
some portion of such accrued interest may be treated as a separate asset the
cost of which is recovered entirely out of interest paid on the first
Distribution Date. It is unclear how an election to do so would be made under
the OID Regulations and whether such an election could be made unilaterally by a
Certificateholder.
Notwithstanding the general definition of original issue discount, original
issue discount on a REMIC Regular Certificate will be considered to be de
minimis if it is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price of the REMIC
Regular Certificate multiplied by its weighted average life. For this purpose,
the weighted average life of the REMIC Regular Certificate is computed as the
sum of the amounts determined, as to each payment included in the stated
redemption price of such REMIC Regular Certificate, by multiplying (i) the
number of complete years (rounding down for partial years) from the issue date
until such payment is expected to be made (presumably taking into account the
Prepayment Assumption) by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount
of the payment, and the denominator of which is the stated redemption price at
maturity of such REMIC Regular Certificate. Under the OID Regulations, original
issue discount of only a de minimis amount (other than de minimis original issue
discount attributable to a so-called "teaser" interest rate or an initial
interest holiday) will be included in income as each payment of stated principal
is made, based on the product of the total amount of such de minimis original
issue discount and a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount of such
principal payment and the denominator of which
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is the outstanding stated principal amount of the REMIC Regular
Certificate. The OID Regulations also would permit a Certificateholder to elect
to accrue de minimis original issue discount into income currently based on a
constant yield method. See "Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular
Certificates-Market Discount" for a description of such election under the OID
Regulations.
If original issue discount on a REMIC Regular Certificate is in excess of a
de minimis amount, the holder of such Certificate must include in ordinary gross
income the sum of the "daily portions" of original issue discount for each day
during its taxable year on which it held such REMIC Regular Certificate,
including the purchase date but excluding the disposition date. In the case of
an original holder of a REMIC Regular Certificate, the daily portions of
original issue discount will be determined as follows.
As to each "accrual period," that is, unless otherwise stated in the
related Prospectus Supplement, each period that ends on a date that corresponds
to a Distribution Date and begins on the first day following the immediately
preceding accrual period (or in the case of the first such period, begins on the
Closing Date), a calculation will be made of the portion of the original issue
discount that accrued during such accrual period. The portion of original issue
discount that accrues in any accrual period will equal the excess, if any, of
(i) the sum of (A) the present value, as of the end of the accrual period, of
all of the distributions remaining to be made on the REMIC Regular Certificate,
if any, in future periods and (B) the distributions made on such REMIC Regular
Certificate during the accrual period of amounts included in the stated
redemption price, over (ii) the adjusted issue price of such REMIC Regular
Certificate at the beginning of the accrual period. The present value of the
remaining distributions referred to in the preceding sentence will be calculated
(i) assuming that distributions on the REMIC Regular Certificate will be
received in future periods based on the Mortgage Loans being prepaid at a rate
equal to the Prepayment Assumption and (ii) using a discount rate equal to the
original yield to maturity of the Certificate. For these purposes, the original
yield to maturity of the Certificate will be calculated based on its issue price
and assuming that distributions on the Certificate will be made in all accrual
periods based on the Mortgage Loans being prepaid at a rate equal to the
Prepayment Assumption. The adjusted issue price of a REMIC Regular Certificate
at the beginning of any accrual period will equal the issue price of such
Certificate, increased by the aggregate amount of original issue discount that
accrued with respect to such Certificate in prior accrual periods, and reduced
by the amount of any distributions made on such REMIC Regular Certificate in
prior accrual periods of amounts included in the stated redemption price. The
original issue discount accruing during any accrual period, computed as
described above, will be allocated ratably to each day during the accrual period
to determine the daily portion of original issue discount for such day.
A subsequent purchaser of a REMIC Regular Certificate that purchases such
Certificate at a cost (excluding any portion of such cost attributable to
accrued qualified stated interest) less than its remaining stated redemption
price will also be required to include in gross income the daily portions of any
original issue discount with respect to such Certificate. However, each such
daily portion will be reduced, if such cost is in excess of its "adjusted issue
price," in proportion to the ratio such excess bears to the aggregate original
issue discount remaining to be accrued on such REMIC Regular Certificate. The
adjusted issue price of a REMIC Regular Certificate on any given day equals the
sum of (i) the adjusted issue price (or, in the case of the first accrual
period, the issue price) of such Certificate at the beginning of the accrual
period which includes such day and (ii) the daily portions of original issue
discount for all days during such accrual period prior to such day.
MARKET DISCOUNT
A Certificateholder that purchases a REMIC Regular Certificate at a market
discount, that is, in the case of a REMIC Regular Certificate issued without
original issue discount, at a
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purchase price less than its remaining stated principal amount, or in the
case of a REMIC Regular Certificate issued with original issue discount, at a
purchase price less than its adjusted issue price will recognize gain upon
receipt of each distribution representing stated redemption price. In
particular, under Section 1276 of the Code such a Certificateholder generally
will be required to allocate the portion of each such distribution representing
stated redemption price first to accrued market discount not previously included
in income, and to recognize ordinary income to that extent. A Certificateholder
may elect to include market discount in income currently as it accrues rather
than including it on a deferred basis in accordance with the foregoing. If made,
such election will apply to all market discount bonds acquired by such
Certificateholder on or after the first day of the first taxable year to which
such election applies. In addition, the OID Regulations permit a
Certificateholder to elect to accrue all interest, discount (including de
minimis market or original issue discount) and premium in income as interest,
based on a constant yield method. If such an election were made with respect to
a REMIC Regular Certificate with market discount, the Certificateholder would be
deemed to have made an election to include currently market discount in income
with respect to all other debt instruments having market discount that such
Certificateholder acquires during the taxable year of the election or
thereafter, and possibly previously acquired instruments. Similarly, a
Certificateholder that made this election for a Certificate that is acquired at
a premium would be deemed to have made an election to amortize bond premium with
respect to all debt instruments having amortizable bond premium that such
Certificateholder owns or acquires. See "Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular
Certificates-Premium" below. Each of these elections to accrue interest,
discount and premium with respect to a Certificate on a constant yield method or
as interest would be irrevocable.
However, market discount with respect to a REMIC Regular Certificate will
be considered to be de minimis for purposes of Section 1276 of the Code if such
market discount is less than 0.25% of the remaining stated redemption price of
such REMIC Regular Certificate multiplied by the number of complete years to
maturity remaining after the date of its purchase. In interpreting a similar
rule with respect to original issue discount on obligations payable in
installments, the OID Regulations refer to the weighted average maturity of
obligations, and it is likely that the same rule will be applied with respect to
market discount, presumably taking into account the Prepayment Assumption. If
market discount is treated as de minimis under this rule, it appears that the
actual discount would be treated in a manner similar to original issue discount
of a de minimis amount. See "Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular
Certificates-Original Issue Discount" above. Such treatment would result in
discount being included in income at a slower rate than discount would be
required to be included in income using the method described above.
Section 1276(b)(3) of the Code specifically authorizes the Treasury
Department to issue regulations providing for the method for accruing market
discount on debt instruments, the principal of which is payable in more than one
installment. Until regulations are issued by the Treasury Department, certain
rules described in the Committee Report apply. The Committee Report indicates
that in each accrual period market discount on REMIC Regular Certificates should
accrue, at the Certificateholder's option: (i) on the basis of a constant yield
method, (ii) in the case of a REMIC Regular Certificate issued without original
issue discount, in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total remaining
market discount as the stated interest paid in the accrual period bears to the
total amount of stated interest remaining to be paid on the REMIC Regular
Certificate as of the beginning of the accrual period, or (iii) in the case of a
REMIC Regular Certificate issued with original issue discount, in an amount that
bears the same ratio to the total remaining market discount as the original
issue discount accrued in the accrual period bears to the total original issue
discount remaining on the REMIC Regular Certificate at the beginning of the
accrual period. Moreover, the Prepayment Assumption used in calculating the
accrual of original issue discount is also used in calculating the accrual of
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market discount. Because the regulations referred to in this paragraph have not
been issued, it is not possible to predict what effect such regulations might
have on the tax treatment of a REMIC Regular Certificate purchased at a discount
in the secondary market.
To the extent that REMIC Regular Certificates provide for monthly or other
periodic distributions throughout their term, the effect of these rules may be
to require market discount to be includible in income at a rate that is not
significantly slower than the rate at which such discount would accrue if it
were original issue discount. Moreover, in any event a holder of a REMIC Regular
Certificate generally will be required to treat a portion of any gain on the
sale or exchange of such Certificate as ordinary income to the extent of the
market discount accrued to the date of disposition under one of the foregoing
methods, less any accrued market discount previously reported as ordinary
income.
Further, under Section 1277 of the Code a holder of a REMIC Regular
Certificate may be required to defer a portion of its interest deductions for
the taxable year attributable to any indebtedness incurred or continued to
purchase or carry a REMIC Regular Certificate purchased with market discount.
For these purposes, the de minimis rule referred to above applies. Any such
deferred interest expense would not exceed the market discount that accrues
during such taxable year and is, in general, allowed as a deduction not later
than the year in which such market discount is includible in income. If such
holder elects to include market discount in income currently as it accrues on
all market discount instruments acquired by such holder in that taxable year or
thereafter, the interest deferral rule described above will not apply.
PREMIUM
A REMIC Regular Certificate purchased at a cost (excluding any portion of
such cost attributable to accrued qualified stated interest) greater than its
remaining stated redemption price will be considered to be purchased at a
premium. The holder of such a REMIC Regular Certificate may elect under Section
171 of the Code to amortize such premium under the constant yield method over
the life of the Certificate. If made, such an election will apply to all debt
instruments having amortizable bond premium that the holder owns or subsequently
acquires. Amortizable premium will be treated as an offset to interest income on
the related debt instrument, rather than as a separate interest deduction. The
OID Regulations also permit Certificateholders to elect to include all interest,
discount and premium in income based on a constant yield method, further
treating the Certificateholder as having made the election to amortize premium
generally. See "Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Certificates-Market
Discount" above. The Committee Report states that the same rules that apply to
accrual of market discount (which rules will require use of a Prepayment
Assumption in accruing market discount with respect to REMIC Regular
Certificates without regard to whether such Certificates have original issue
discount) will also apply in amortizing bond premium under Section 171 of the
Code.
REALIZED LOSSES
Under Section 166 of the Code, both corporate holders of the REMIC Regular
Certificates and noncorporate holders of the REMIC Regular Certificates that
acquire such Certificates in connection with a trade or business should be
allowed to deduct, as ordinary losses, any losses sustained during a taxable
year in which their Certificates become wholly or partially worthless as the
result of one or more realized losses on the Mortgage Loans. However, it appears
that a noncorporate holder that does not acquire a REMIC Regular Certificate in
connection with a trade or business will not be entitled to deduct a loss under
Section 166 of the Code until such holder's Certificate becomes wholly worthless
(i.e., until its outstanding
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principal balance has been reduced to zero) and that the loss will be
characterized as a short-term capital loss.
Each holder of a REMIC Regular Certificate will be required to accrue
interest and original issue discount with respect to such Certificate, without
giving effect to any reductions in distributions attributable to defaults or
delinquencies on the Mortgage Loans or the Underlying Certificates until it can
be established that any such reduction ultimately will not be recoverable. As a
result, the amount of taxable income reported in any period by the holder of a
REMIC Regular Certificate could exceed the amount of economic income actually
realized by the holder in such period. Although the holder of a REMIC Regular
Certificate eventually will recognize a loss or reduction in income attributable
to previously accrued and included income that as the result of a realized loss
ultimately will not be realized, the law is unclear with respect to the timing
and character of such loss or reduction in income.
TAXATION OF OWNERS OF REMIC RESIDUAL CERTIFICATES
GENERAL
As residual interests, the REMIC Residual Certificates will be subject to
tax rules that differ significantly from those that would apply if the REMIC
Residual Certificates were treated for federal income tax purposes as direct
ownership interests in the Mortgage Loans or as debt instruments issued by the
REMIC.
A holder of a REMIC Residual Certificate generally will be required to
report its daily portion of the taxable income or, subject to the limitations
noted in this discussion, the net loss of the REMIC for each day during a
calendar quarter that such holder owned such REMIC Residual Certificate. For
this purpose, the taxable income or net loss of the REMIC will be allocated to
each day in the calendar quarter ratably using a "30 days per month/90 days per
quarter/360 days per year" convention unless otherwise disclosed in the related
Prospectus Supplement. The daily amounts so allocated will then be allocated
among the REMIC Residual Certificateholders in proportion to their respective
ownership interests on such day. Any amount included in the gross income or
allowed as a loss of any REMIC Residual Certificateholder by virtue of this
paragraph will be treated as ordinary income or loss. The taxable income of the
REMIC will be determined under the rules described below in "Taxable Income of
the REMIC" and will be taxable to the REMIC Residual Certificateholders without
regard to the timing or amount of cash distributions by the REMIC. Ordinary
income derived from REMIC Residual Certificates will be "portfolio income" for
purposes of the taxation of taxpayers subject to limitations under Section 469
of the Code on the deductibility of "passive losses."
A holder of a REMIC Residual Certificate that purchased such Certificate
from a prior holder of such Certificate also will be required to report on its
federal income tax return amounts representing its daily share of the taxable
income (or net loss) of the REMIC for each day that it holds such REMIC Residual
Certificate. Those daily amounts generally will equal the amounts of taxable
income or net loss determined as described above. The Committee Report indicates
that certain modifications of the general rules may be made, by regulations,
legislation or otherwise to reduce (or increase) the income of a REMIC Residual
Certificateholder that purchased such REMIC Residual Certificate from a prior
holder of such Certificate at a price greater than (or less than) the adjusted
basis (as defined below) such REMIC Residual Certificate would have had in the
hands of an original holder of such Certificate. The REMIC Regulations, however,
do not provide for any such modifications.
Any payments received by a holder of a REMIC Residual Certificate in
connection with the acquisition of such REMIC Residual Certificate will be taken
into account in determining the income of such holder for federal income tax
purposes. Although it appears likely that any such payment would be includible
in income immediately upon its receipt, the IRS might assert
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that such payment should be included in income over time according to an
amortization schedule or according to some other method. Because of the
uncertainty concerning the treatment of such payments, holders of REMIC Residual
Certificates should consult their tax advisors concerning the treatment of such
payments for income tax purposes.
The amount of income REMIC Residual Certificateholders will be required to
report (or the tax liability associated with such income) may exceed the amount
of cash distributions received from the REMIC for the corresponding period.
Consequently, REMIC Residual Certificateholders should have other sources of
funds sufficient to pay any federal income taxes due as a result of their
ownership of REMIC Residual Certificates or unrelated deductions against which
income may be offset, subject to the rules relating to "excess inclusions,"
residual interests without "significant value" and "noneconomic" residual
interests discussed below. The fact that the tax liability associated with the
income allocated to REMIC Residual Certificateholders may exceed the cash
distributions received by such REMIC Residual Certificateholders for the
corresponding period may significantly adversely affect such REMIC Residual
Certificateholders' after-tax rate of return.
TAXABLE INCOME OF THE REMIC
The taxable income of the REMIC will equal the income from the Mortgage
Loans and other assets of the REMIC plus any cancellation of indebtedness income
due to the allocation of realized losses to REMIC Regular Certificates, less the
deductions allowed to the REMIC for interest (including original issue discount
and reduced by any premium on issuance) on the REMIC Regular Certificates (and
any other class of REMIC Certificates constituting "regular interests" in the
REMIC not offered hereby), amortization of any premium on the Mortgage Loans,
bad debt losses with respect to the Mortgage Loans and, except as described
below, for servicing, administrative and other expenses.
For purposes of determining its taxable income, the REMIC will have an
initial aggregate basis in its assets equal to the sum of the issue prices of
all REMIC Certificates (or, if a class of REMIC Certificates is not sold
initially, their fair market values). Such aggregate basis will be allocated
among the Mortgage Loans and the other assets of the REMIC in proportion to
their respective fair market values. The issue price of any REMIC Certificates
offered hereby will be determined in the manner described above under "-Taxation
of Owners of REMIC Regular Certificates-Original Issue Discount." The issue
price of a REMIC Certificate received in exchange for an interest in the
Mortgage Loans or other property will equal the fair market value of such
interests in the Mortgage Loans or other property. Accordingly, if one or more
classes of REMIC Certificates are retained initially rather than sold, the
Trustee may be required to estimate the fair market value of such interests in
order to determine the basis of the REMIC in the Mortgage Loans and other
property held by the REMIC.
Subject to possible application of the de minimis rules, the method of
accrual by the REMIC of original issue discount income and market discount
income with respect to Mortgage Loans that it holds will be equivalent to the
method for accruing original issue discount income for holders of REMIC Regular
Certificates (that is, under the constant yield method taking into account the
Prepayment Assumption). However, a REMIC that acquires loans at a market
discount must include such market discount in income currently, as it accrues,
on a constant yield basis. See "-Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular
Certificates" above, which describes a method for accruing such discount income
that is analogous to that required to be used by a REMIC as to Mortgage Loans
with market discount that it holds.
A Mortgage Loan will be deemed to have been acquired with discount (or
premium) to the extent that the REMIC's basis therein, determined as described
in the preceding paragraph, is less than (or greater than) its stated redemption
price. Any such discount will be includible in the income of the REMIC as it
accrues, in advance of receipt of the cash attributable to
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such income, under a method similar to the method described above for
accruing original issue discount on the REMIC Regular Certificates. It is
anticipated that each REMIC will elect under Section 171 of the Code to amortize
any premium on the Mortgage Loans. Premium on any Mortgage Loan to which such
election applies may be amortized under a constant yield method, presumably
taking into account a Prepayment Assumption. Further, such an election would not
apply to any Mortgage Loan originated on or before September 27, 1985. Instead,
premium on such a Mortgage Loan should be allocated among the principal payments
thereon and be deductible by the REMIC as those payments become due or upon the
prepayment of such Mortgage Loan.
A REMIC will be allowed deductions for interest (including original issue
discount) on the REMIC Regular Certificates (including any other class of REMIC
Certificates constituting "regular interests" in the REMIC not offered hereby)
equal to the deductions that would be allowed if the REMIC Regular Certificates
(including any other class of REMIC Certificates constituting "regular
interests" in the REMIC not offered hereby) were indebtedness of the REMIC.
Original issue discount will be considered to accrue for this purpose as
described above under "-Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular
Certificates-Original Issue Discount," except that the de minimis rule and the
adjustments for subsequent holders of REMIC Regular Certificates (including any
other class of REMIC Certificates constituting "regular interests" in the REMIC
not offered hereby) described therein will not apply.
If a class of REMIC Regular Certificates is issued at a price in excess of
the stated redemption price of such class (such excess "Issue Premium"), the net
amount of interest deductions that are allowed the REMIC in each taxable year
with respect to the REMIC Regular Certificates of such class will be reduced by
an amount equal to the portion of the Issue Premium that is considered to be
amortized or repaid in that year. Although the matter is not entirely certain,
it is likely that Issue Premium would be amortized under a constant yield method
in a manner analogous to the method of accruing original issue discount
described above under "-Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular
Certificates-Original Issue Discount."
As a general rule, the taxable income of a REMIC will be determined in the
same manner as if the REMIC were an individual having the calendar year as its
taxable year and using the accrual method of accounting. However, no item of
income, gain, loss or deduction allocable to a prohibited transaction will be
taken into account. See "-Prohibited Transactions Tax and Other Taxes" below.
Further, the limitation on miscellaneous itemized deductions imposed on
individuals by Section 67 of the Code (which allows such deductions only to the
extent they exceed in the aggregate two percent of the taxpayer's adjusted gross
income) will not be applied at the REMIC level so that the REMIC will be allowed
deductions for servicing, administrative and other non-interest expenses in
determining its taxable income. All such expenses will be allocated as a
separate item to the holders of REMIC Certificates, subject to the limitation of
Section 67 of the Code. See "-Possible Pass-Through of Miscellaneous Itemized
Deductions" below. If the deductions allowed to the REMIC exceed its gross
income for a calendar quarter, such excess will be the net loss for the REMIC
for that calendar quarter.
BASIS RULES, NET LOSSES AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The adjusted basis of a REMIC Residual Certificate will be equal to the
amount paid for such REMIC Residual Certificate, increased by amounts included
in the income of the REMIC Residual Certificateholder and decreased (but not
below zero) by distributions made, and by net losses allocated, to such REMIC
Residual Certificateholder.
A REMIC Residual Certificateholder is not allowed to take into account any
net loss for any calendar quarter to the extent such net loss exceeds such REMIC
Residual Certificateholder's
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adjusted basis in its REMIC Residual Certificate as of the close of such
calendar quarter (determined without regard to such net loss). Any loss that is
not currently deductible by reason of this limitation may be carried forward
indefinitely to future calendar quarters and, subject to the same limitation,
may be used only to offset income from the REMIC Residual Certificate. The
ability of REMIC Residual Certificateholders to deduct net losses may be subject
to additional limitations under the Code, as to which REMIC Residual
Certificateholders should consult their tax advisors.
Any distribution on a REMIC Residual Certificate will be treated as a
non-taxable return of capital to the extent it does not exceed the holder's
adjusted basis in such REMIC Residual Certificate. To the extent a distribution
on a REMIC Residual Certificate exceeds such adjusted basis, it will be treated
as gain from the sale of such REMIC Residual Certificate. Holders of certain
REMIC Residual Certificates may be entitled to distributions early in the term
of the related REMIC under circumstances in which their bases in such REMIC
Residual Certificates will not be sufficiently large that such distributions
will be treated as nontaxable returns of capital. Their bases in such REMIC
Residual Certificates will initially equal the amount paid for such REMIC
Residual Certificates and will be increased by their allocable shares of taxable
income of the REMIC. However, such bases increases may not occur until the end
of the calendar quarter, or perhaps the end of the calendar year, with respect
to which such REMIC taxable income is allocated to the REMIC Residual
Certificateholders. To the extent such REMIC Residual Certificateholders'
initial bases are less than the distributions to such REMIC Residual
Certificateholders, and increases in such initial bases either occur after such
distributions or (together with their initial bases) are less than the amount of
such distributions, gain will be recognized to such REMIC Residual
Certificateholders on such distributions and will be treated as gain from the
sale of their REMIC Residual Certificates.
The effect of these rules is that a REMIC Residual Certificateholder may
not amortize its basis in a REMIC Residual Certificate, but may only recover its
basis through distributions, through the deduction of any net losses of the
REMIC or upon the sale of its REMIC Residual Certificate. See "-Sales of REMIC
Certificates" below. For a discussion of possible modifications of these rules
that may require adjustments to income of a holder of a REMIC Residual
Certificate other than an original holder in order to reflect any difference
between the cost of such REMIC Residual Certificate to such REMIC Residual
Certificateholder and the adjusted basis such REMIC Residual Certificate would
have in the hands of an original holder, see "-Taxation of Owners of REMIC
Residual Certificates-General" above.
EXCESS INCLUSIONS
Any "excess inclusions" with respect to a REMIC Residual Certificate will,
with an exception discussed below for certain REMIC Residual Certificates held
by thrift institutions, be subject to federal income tax in all events.
In general, the "excess inclusions" with respect to a REMIC Residual
Certificate for any calendar quarter will be the excess, if any, of (i) the
daily portions of REMIC taxable income allocable to such REMIC Residual
Certificate over (ii) the sum of the "daily accruals" (as defined below) for
each day during such quarter that such REMIC Residual Certificate was held by
such REMIC Residual Certificateholder. The daily accruals of a REMIC Residual
Certificateholder will be determined by allocating to each day during a calendar
quarter its ratable portion of the product of the "adjusted issue price" of the
REMIC Residual Certificate at the beginning of the calendar quarter and 120% of
the "long-term Federal rate" in effect on the Closing Date. For this purpose,
the adjusted issue price of a REMIC Residual Certificate as of the beginning of
any calendar quarter will be equal to the issue price of the REMIC Residual
Certificate, increased by the sum of the daily accruals for all prior quarters
and decreased (but not below zero) by any distributions made with respect to
such REMIC Residual Certificate before the beginning of such quarter. The issue
price of a REMIC Residual
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Certificate is the initial offering price to the public (excluding bond
houses and brokers) at which a substantial amount of the REMIC Residual
Certificates were sold. The "long-term Federal rate" is an average of current
yields on Treasury securities with a remaining term of greater than nine years,
computed and published monthly by the IRS.
For REMIC Residual Certificateholders, an excess inclusion (i) will not be
permitted to be offset by deductions, losses or loss carryovers from other
activities, (ii) will be treated as "unrelated business taxable income" to an
otherwise tax-exempt organization and (iii) will not be eligible for any rate
reduction or exemption under any applicable tax treaty with respect to the 30%
United States withholding tax imposed on distributions to REMIC Residual
Certificateholders that are foreign investors. See, however, "-Foreign Investors
in REMIC Certificates," below.
As an exception to the general rules described above, thrift institutions
are allowed to offset their excess inclusions with unrelated deductions, losses
or loss carryovers, but only if the REMIC Residual Certificates are considered
to have "significant value." The REMIC Regulations provide that in order to be
treated as having significant value, the REMIC Residual Certificates must have
an aggregate issue price at least equal to two percent of the aggregate issue
prices of all of the related REMIC's Regular and Residual Certificates. In
addition, based on the Prepayment Assumption, the anticipated weighted average
life of the REMIC Residual Certificates must equal or exceed 20 percent of the
anticipated weighted average life of the REMIC, based on the Prepayment
Assumption and on any required or permitted clean up calls or required
liquidation provided for in the REMIC's organizational documents. Although it
has not done so, the Treasury also has authority to issue regulations that would
treat the entire amount of income accruing on a REMIC Residual Certificate as an
excess inclusion if the REMIC Residual Certificates are considered not to have
"significant value." The related Prospectus Supplement will disclose whether
offered REMIC Residual Certificates may be considered to have "significant
value" under the REMIC Regulations; provided, however, that any disclosure that
a REMIC Residual Certificate will have "significant value" will be based upon
certain assumptions, and the Depositor will make no representation that a REMIC
Residual Certificate will have "significant value" for purposes of the
above-described rules. The above-described exception for thrift institutions
applies only to those residual interests held directly by, and deductions,
losses and loss carryovers incurred by, such institutions (and not by other
members of an affiliated group of corporations filing a consolidated income tax
return) or by certain wholly owned direct subsidiaries of such institutions
formed or operated exclusively in connection with the organization and operation
of one or more REMICs.
In the case of any REMIC Residual Certificates held by a real estate
investment trust, the aggregate excess inclusions with respect to such REMIC
Residual Certificates, reduced (but not below zero) by the real estate
investment trust taxable income (within the meaning of Section 857(b)(2) of the
Code, excluding any net capital gain), will be allocated among the shareholders
of such trust in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders from
such trust, and any amount so allocated will be treated as an excess inclusion
with respect to a REMIC Residual Certificate as if held directly by such
shareholder. Treasury regulations yet to be issued could apply a similar rule to
regulated investment companies, common trust funds and certain cooperatives; the
REMIC Regulations currently do not address this subject.
NONECONOMIC REMIC RESIDUAL CERTIFICATES
Under the REMIC Regulations, transfers of "noneconomic" REMIC Residual
Certificates will be disregarded for all federal income tax purposes if "a
significant purpose of the transfer was to enable the transferor to impede the
assessment or collection of tax." If such transfer is disregarded, the purported
transferor will continue to remain liable for any taxes due with respect to the
income on such "noneconomic" REMIC Residual Certificate. The REMIC Regulations
provide that a REMIC Residual Certificate is noneconomic unless, based on the
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Prepayment Assumption and on any required or permitted clean up calls, or
required liquidation provided for in the REMIC's organizational documents, (1)
the present value of the expected future distributions (discounted using the
"applicable Federal rate" for obligations whose term ends on the close of the
last quarter in which excess inclusions are expected to accrue with respect to
the REMIC Residual Certificate, which rate is computed and published monthly by
the IRS) on the REMIC Residual Certificate equals at least the present value of
the expected tax on the anticipated excess inclusions, and (2) the transferor
reasonably expects that the transferee will receive distributions with respect
to the REMIC Residual Certificate at or after the time the taxes accrue on the
anticipated excess inclusions in an amount sufficient to satisfy the accrued
taxes. Accordingly, all transfers of REMIC Residual Certificates that may
constitute noneconomic residual interests will be subject to certain
restrictions under the terms of the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement that
are intended to reduce the possibility of any such transfer being disregarded.
Such restrictions will require each party to a transfer to provide an affidavit
that no purpose of such transfer is to impede the assessment or collection of
tax, including certain representations as to the financial condition of the
prospective transferee, as to which the transferor is also required to make a
reasonable investigation to determine such transferee's historic payment of its
debts and ability to continue to pay its debts as they come due in the future.
Prior to purchasing a REMIC Residual Certificate, prospective purchasers should
consider the possibility that a purported transfer of such REMIC Residual
Certificate by such a purchaser to another purchaser at some future date may be
disregarded in accordance with the above-described rules which would result in
the retention of tax liability by such purchaser.
The related Prospectus Supplement will disclose whether offered REMIC
Residual Certificates may be considered "noneconomic" residual interests under
the REMIC Regulations; provided, however, that any disclosure that a REMIC
Residual Certificate will not be considered "noneconomic" will be based upon
certain assumptions, and the Depositor will make no representation that a REMIC
Residual Certificate will not be considered "noneconomic" for purposes of the
above-described rules. See "-Foreign Investors in REMIC Certificates-REMIC
Residual Certificates" below for additional restrictions applicable to transfers
of certain REMIC Residual Certificates to foreign persons.
MARK-TO-MARKET RULES
Prospective purchasers of a REMIC Residual Certificate should be aware that
on January 3, 1995, the IRS released proposed regulations (the "Proposed
Mark-to-Market Regulations") relating to the requirement that a securities
dealer mark to market securities held for sale to customers. This mark-to-market
requirement applies to all securities owned by a dealer, except to the extent
that the dealer has specifically identified a security as held for investment.
The Proposed Mark-to-Market Regulations provide that for purposes of this
mark-to-market requirement, a REMIC Residual Certificate is not treated as a
security and thus may not be marked to market. The Proposed Mark-to-Market
Regulations apply to all REMIC Residual Certificates acquired on or after
January 4, 1995.
POSSIBLE PASS-THROUGH OF MISCELLANEOUS ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS
Fees and expenses of a REMIC generally will be allocated to the holders of
the related REMIC Residual Certificates. The applicable Treasury regulations
indicate, however, that in the case of a REMIC that is similar to a single class
grantor trust, all or a portion of such fees and expenses should be allocated to
the holders of the related REMIC Regular Certificates. Unless otherwise stated
in the related Prospectus Supplement, such fees and expenses will be allocated
to holders of the related REMIC Residual Certificates in their entirety and not
to the holders of the related REMIC Regular Certificates.
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With respect to REMIC Residual Certificates or REMIC Regular Certificates
the holders of which receive an allocation of fees and expenses in accordance
with the preceding discussion, if any holder thereof is an individual, estate or
trust, or a "pass-through entity" beneficially owned by one or more individuals,
estates or trusts, (i) an amount equal to such individual's, estate's or trust's
share of such fees and expenses will be added to the gross income of such holder
and (ii) such individual's, estate's or trust's share of such fees and expenses
will be treated as a miscellaneous itemized deduction allowable subject to the
limitation of Section 67 of the Code, which permits such deductions only to the
extent they exceed in the aggregate two percent of a taxpayer's adjusted gross
income. In addition, Section 68 of the Code provides that the amount of itemized
deductions otherwise allowable for an individual whose adjusted gross income
exceeds a specified amount will be reduced by the lesser of (i) 3% of the excess
of the individual's adjusted gross income over such amount or (ii) 80% of the
amount of itemized deductions otherwise allowable for the taxable year. The
amount of additional taxable income reportable by REMIC Certificateholders that
are subject to the limitations of either Section 67 or Section 68 of the Code
may be substantial. Furthermore, in determining the alternative minimum taxable
income of such a holder of a REMIC Certificate that is an individual, estate or
trust, or a "pass-through entity" beneficially owned by one or more individuals,
estates or trusts, no deduction will be allowed for such holder's allocable
portion of servicing fees and other miscellaneous itemized deductions of the
REMIC, even though an amount equal to the amount of such fees and other
deductions will be included in such holder's gross income. Accordingly, such
REMIC Certificates may not be appropriate investments for individuals, estates,
or trusts, or pass-through entities beneficially owned by one or more
individuals, estates or trusts. Such prospective investors should carefully
consult with their own tax advisors prior to making an investment in such
Certificates.
SALES OF REMIC CERTIFICATES
If a REMIC Certificate is sold, the selling Certificateholder will
recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on
the sale and its adjusted basis in the REMIC Certificate. The adjusted basis of
a REMIC Regular Certificate generally will equal the cost of such REMIC Regular
Certificate to such Certificateholder, increased by income reported by such
Certificateholder with respect to such REMIC Regular Certificate (including
original issue discount and market discount income) and reduced (but not below
zero) by distributions on such REMIC Regular Certificate received by such
Certificateholder and by any amortized premium. The adjusted basis of a REMIC
Residual Certificate will be determined as described under "-Taxation of Owners
of REMIC Residual Certificates-Basis Rules, Net Losses and Distributions."
Except as provided in the following two paragraphs, any such gain or loss will
be capital gain or loss, provided such REMIC Certificate is held as a capital
asset (generally, property held for investment) within the meaning of Section
1221 of the Code. The Code as of the date of this Prospectus provides for a top
marginal tax rate of 39.6% for individuals and a maximum marginal rate for
long-term capital gains of individuals of 28%. No such rate differential exists
for corporations. In addition, the distinction between a capital gain or loss
and ordinary income or loss remains relevant for other purposes.
Gain from the sale of a REMIC Regular Certificate that might otherwise be
capital gain will be treated as ordinary income to the extent such gain does not
exceed the excess, if any, of (i) the amount that would have been includible in
the seller's income with respect to such REMIC Regular Certificate assuming that
income had accrued thereon at a rate equal to 110% of the "applicable Federal
rate" (generally, a rate based on an average of current yields on Treasury
securities having a maturity comparable to that of the Certificate based on the
application of the Prepayment Assumption to such Certificate, which rate is
computed and published monthly by the IRS), determined as of the date of
purchase of such REMIC Regular Certificate, over (ii) the amount of ordinary
income actually includible in the seller's income
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prior to such sale. In addition, gain recognized on the sale of a REMIC
Regular Certificate by a seller who purchased such REMIC Regular Certificate at
a market discount will be taxable as ordinary income in an amount not exceeding
the portion of such discount that accrued during the period such REMIC
Certificate was held by such holder, reduced by any market discount included in
income under the rules described above under "-Taxation of Owners of REMIC
Regular Certificates-Market Discount" and "-Premium."
REMIC Certificates will be "evidences of indebtedness" within the meaning
of Section 582(c)(1) of the Code, so that gain or loss recognized from the sale
of a REMIC Certificate by a bank or thrift institution to which such section
applies will be ordinary income or loss.
A portion of any gain from the sale of a REMIC Regular Certificate that
might otherwise be capital gain may be treated as ordinary income to the extent
that such Certificate is held as part of a "conversion transaction" within the
meaning of Section 1258 of the Code. A conversion transaction generally is one
in which the taxpayer has taken two or more positions in the same or similar
property that reduce or eliminate market risk, if substantially all of the
taxpayer's return is attributable to the time value of the taxpayer's net
investment in such transaction. The amount of gain so realized in a conversion
transaction that is recharacterized as ordinary income generally will not exceed
the amount of interest that would have accrued on the taxpayer's net investment
at 120% of the appropriate "applicable Federal rate" (which rate is computed and
published monthly by the IRS) at the time the taxpayer enters into the
conversion transaction, subject to appropriate reduction for prior inclusion of
interest and other ordinary income items from the transaction.
Finally, a taxpayer may elect to have net capital gain taxed at ordinary
income rates rather than capital gains rates in order to include such net
capital gain in total net investment income for the taxable year, for purposes
of the rule that limits the deduction of interest on indebtedness incurred to
purchase or carry property held for investment to a taxpayer's net investment
income.
Except as may be provided in Treasury regulations yet to be issued, if the
seller of a REMIC Residual Certificate reacquires such REMIC Residual
Certificate, or acquires any other residual interest in a REMIC or any similar
interest in a "taxable mortgage pool" (as defined in Section 7701(i) of the
Code) during the period beginning six months before, and ending six months
after, the date of such sale, such sale will be subject to the "wash sale" rules
of Section 1091 of the Code. In that event, any loss realized by the REMIC
Residual Certificateholder on the sale will not be deductible, but instead will
be added to such REMIC Residual Certificateholder's adjusted basis in the
newly-acquired asset.
PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS AND OTHER POSSIBLE REMIC TAXES
The Code imposes a tax on REMICs equal to 100% of the net income derived
from "prohibited transactions" (a "Prohibited Transactions Tax"). In general,
subject to certain specified exceptions a prohibited transaction means the
disposition of a Mortgage Loan, the receipt of income from a source other than a
Mortgage Loan or certain other permitted investments, the receipt of
compensation for services, or gain from the disposition of an asset purchased
with the payments on the Mortgage Loans for temporary investment pending
distribution on the REMIC Certificates. It is not anticipated that any REMIC
will engage in any prohibited transactions in which it would recognize a
material amount of net income.
In addition, certain contributions to a REMIC made after the day on which
the REMIC issues all of its interests could result in the imposition of a tax on
the REMIC equal to 100% of the value of the contributed property (a
"Contributions Tax"). Each Pooling and Servicing Agreement will include
provisions designed to prevent the acceptance of any contributions that would be
subject to such tax.
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REMICs also are subject to federal income tax at the highest corporate rate
on "net income from foreclosure property," determined by reference to the rules
applicable to real estate investment trusts. "Net income from foreclosure
property" generally means gain from the sale of a foreclosure property that is
inventory property and gross income from foreclosure property other than
qualifying rents and other qualifying income for a real estate investment trust.
Unless otherwise disclosed in the related Prospectus Supplement, it is not
anticipated that any REMIC will recognize "net income from foreclosure property"
subject to federal income tax.
Unless otherwise disclosed in the related Prospectus Supplement, it is not
anticipated that any material state or local income or franchise tax will be
imposed on any REMIC.
Unless otherwise stated in the related Prospectus Supplement, and to the
extent permitted by then applicable laws, any Prohibited Transactions Tax,
Contributions Tax, tax on "net income from foreclosure property" or state or
local income or franchise tax that may be imposed on the REMIC will be borne by
the related Master Servicer or Trustee in either case out of its own funds,
provided that the Master Servicer or the Trustee, as the case may be, has
sufficient assets to do so, and provided further that such tax arises out of a
breach of the Master Servicer's or the Trustee's obligations, as the case may
be, under the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement and in respect of
compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Any such tax not borne by the
Master Servicer or the Trustee will be charged against the related Trust Fund
resulting in a reduction in amounts payable to holders of the related REMIC
Certificates.
TAX AND RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERS OF REMIC RESIDUAL CERTIFICATES TO CERTAIN
ORGANIZATIONS
If a REMIC Residual Certificate is transferred to a "disqualified
organization" (as defined below), a tax would be imposed in an amount
(determined under the REMIC Regulations) equal to the product of (i) the present
value (discounted using the "applicable Federal rate" for obligations whose term
ends on the close of the last quarter in which excess inclusions are expected to
accrue with respect to the REMIC Residual Certificate, which rate is computed
and published monthly by the IRS) of the total anticipated excess inclusions
with respect to such REMIC Residual Certificate for periods after the transfer
and (ii) the highest marginal federal income tax rate applicable to
corporations. The anticipated excess inclusions must be determined as of the
date that the REMIC Residual Certificate is transferred and must be based on
events that have occurred up to the time of such transfer, the Prepayment
Assumption and any required or permitted clean up calls or required liquidation
provided for in the REMIC's organizational documents. Such a tax generally would
be imposed on the transferor of the REMIC Residual Certificate, except that
where such transfer is through an agent for a disqualified organization, the tax
would instead be imposed on such agent. However, a transferor of a REMIC
Residual Certificate would in no event be liable for such tax with respect to a
transfer if the transferee furnishes to the transferor an affidavit that the
transferee is not a disqualified organization and, as of the time of the
transfer, the transferor does not have actual knowledge that such affidavit is
false. Moreover, an entity will not qualify as a REMIC unless there are
reasonable arrangements designed to ensure that (i) residual interests in such
entity are not held by disqualified organizations and (ii) information necessary
for the application of the tax described herein will be made available.
Restrictions on the transfer of REMIC Residual Certificates and certain other
provisions that are intended to meet this requirement will be included in the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement, and will be discussed more fully in any
Prospectus Supplement relating to the offering of any REMIC Residual
Certificate.
In addition, if a "pass-through entity" (as defined below) includes in
income excess inclusions with respect to a REMIC Residual Certificate, and a
disqualified organization is the record holder of an interest in such entity,
then a tax will be imposed on such entity equal to
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the product of (i) the amount of excess inclusions on the REMIC Residual
Certificate that are allocable to the interest in the pass-through entity held
by such disqualified organization and (ii) the highest marginal federal income
tax rate imposed on corporations. A pass-through entity will not be subject to
this tax for any period, however, if each record holder of an interest in such
pass-through entity furnishes to such pass-through entity (i) such holder's
social security number and a statement under penalties of perjury that such
social security number is that of the record holder or (ii) a statement under
penalties of perjury that such record holder is not a disqualified organization.
For these purposes, a "disqualified organization" means (i) the United
States, any State or political subdivision thereof, any foreign government, any
international organization, or any agency or instrumentality of the foregoing
(but would not include instrumentalities described in Section 168(h)(2)(D) of
the Code or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation), (ii) any organization
(other than a cooperative described in Section 521 of the Code) that is exempt
from federal income tax, unless it is subject to the tax imposed by Section 511
of the Code or (iii) any organization described in Section 1381(a)(2)(C) of the
Code. For these purposes, a "pass-through entity" means any regulated investment
company, real estate investment trust, trust, partnership or certain other
entities described in Section 860E(e)(6) of the Code. In addition, a person
holding an interest in a pass-through entity as a nominee for another person
will, with respect to such interest, be treated as a pass-through entity.
TERMINATION
A REMIC will terminate immediately after the Distribution Date following
receipt by the REMIC of the final payment in respect of the Mortgage Loans or
upon a sale of the REMIC's assets following the adoption by the REMIC of a plan
of complete liquidation. The last distribution on a REMIC Regular Certificate
will be treated as a payment in retirement of a debt instrument. In the case of
a REMIC Residual Certificate, if the last distribution on such REMIC Residual
Certificate is less than the REMIC Residual Certificateholder's adjusted basis
in such Certificate, such REMIC Residual Certificateholder should (but may not)
be treated as realizing a loss equal to the amount of such difference, and such
loss may be treated as a capital loss.
REPORTING AND OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS
Solely for purposes of the administrative provisions of the Code, the REMIC
will be treated as a partnership and REMIC Residual Certificateholders will be
treated as partners. Unless otherwise stated in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Trustee will file REMIC federal income tax returns on behalf of
the related REMIC, and under the terms of the related Agreement, will be
irrevocably appointed by the holders of the largest percentage interest in the
related REMIC Residual Certificates as their agent to perform all of the duties
of the "tax matters person" with respect to the REMIC in all respects.
As agent for the tax matters person, the Trustee, subject to certain notice
requirements and various restrictions and limitations, generally will have the
authority to act on behalf of the REMIC and the REMIC Residual
Certificateholders in connection with the administrative and judicial review of
items of income, deduction, gain or loss of the REMIC, as well as the REMIC's
classification. REMIC Residual Certificateholders generally will be required to
report such REMIC items consistently with their treatment on the REMIC's tax
return and may in some circumstances be bound by a settlement agreement between
the Trustee, as agent for the tax matters person, and the Service concerning any
such REMIC item. Adjustments made to the REMIC tax return may require a REMIC
Residual Certificateholder to make corresponding adjustments on its return, and
an audit of the REMIC's tax return, or the adjustments resulting from such an
audit, could result in an audit of a REMIC Residual
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Certificateholder's return. No REMIC will be registered as a tax shelter
pursuant to Section 6111 of the Code because it is not anticipated that any
REMIC will have a net loss for any of the first five taxable years of its
existence. Any person that holds a REMIC Residual Certificate as a nominee for
another person may be required to furnish the REMIC, in a manner to be provided
in Treasury regulations, with the name and address of such person and other
information.
Reporting of interest income, including any original issue discount, with
respect to REMIC Regular Certificates is required annually, and may be required
more frequently under Treasury regulations. These information reports generally
are required to be sent to individual holders of REMIC Regular Interests and the
Service; holders of REMIC Regular Certificates that are corporations, trusts,
securities dealers and certain other nonindividuals will be provided interest
and original issue discount income information and the information set forth in
the following paragraph upon request in accordance with the requirements of the
applicable regulations. The information must be provided by the later of 30 days
after the end of the quarter for which the information was requested, or two
weeks after the receipt of the request. The REMIC must also comply with rules
requiring a REMIC Regular Certificate issued with original issue discount to
disclose on its face the amount of original issue discount and the issue date,
and requiring such information to be reported to the Service. Reporting with
respect to the REMIC Residual Certificates, including income, excess inclusions,
investment expenses and relevant information regarding qualification of the
REMIC's assets will be made as required under the Treasury regulations,
generally on a quarterly basis.
As applicable, the REMIC Regular Certificate information reports will
include a statement of the adjusted issue price of the REMIC Regular Certificate
at the beginning of each accrual period. In addition, the reports will include
information required by regulations with respect to computing the accrual of any
market discount. Because exact computation of the accrual of market discount on
a constant yield method would require information relating to the holder's
purchase price that the REMIC may not have, such regulations only require that
information pertaining to the appropriate proportionate method of accruing
market discount be provided. See "-Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular
Certificates-Market Discount."
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
responsibility for complying with the foregoing reporting rules will be borne by
the Trustee.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING WITH RESPECT TO REMIC CERTIFICATES
Payments of interest and principal, as well as payments of proceeds from
the sale of REMIC Certificates, may be subject to the "backup withholding tax"
under Section 3406 of the Code at a rate of 31% if recipients of such payments
fail to furnish to the payor certain information, including their taxpayer
identification numbers, or otherwise fail to establish an exemption from such
tax. Any amounts deducted and withheld from a distribution to a recipient would
be allowed as a credit against such recipient's federal income tax. Furthermore,
certain penalties may be imposed by the IRS on a recipient of payments that is
required to supply information but that does not do so in the proper manner.
FOREIGN INVESTORS IN REMIC CERTIFICATES
A REMIC Regular Certificateholder that is not a "United States person" (as
defined below) and is not subject to federal income tax as a result of any
direct or indirect connection to the United States in addition to its ownership
of a REMIC Regular Certificate will not, unless otherwise disclosed in the
related Prospectus Supplement, be subject to United States federal income or
withholding tax in respect of a distribution on a REMIC Regular Certificate,
provided that the holder complies to the extent necessary with certain
identification requirements (including delivery of a statement, signed by the
Certificateholder under penalties of perjury,
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certifying that such Certificateholder is not a United States person and
providing the name and address of such Certificateholder). For these purposes,
"United States person" means a citizen or resident of the United States, a
corporation, partnership or other entity created or organized in, or under the
laws of, the United States or any political subdivision thereof, or an estate or
trust whose income from sources without the United States is includible in gross
income for United States federal income tax purposes regardless of its
connection with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States. It
is possible that the IRS may assert that the foregoing tax exemption should not
apply with respect to a REMIC Regular Certificate held by a REMIC Residual
Certificateholder that owns directly or indirectly a 10% or greater interest in
the REMIC Residual Certificates. If the holder does not qualify for exemption,
distributions of interest, including distributions in respect of accrued
original issue discount, to such holder may be subject to a tax rate of 30%,
subject to reduction under any applicable tax treaty.
In addition, the foregoing rules will not apply to exempt a United States
shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation from taxation on such United
States shareholder's allocable portion of the interest income received by such
controlled foreign corporation.
Further, it appears that a REMIC Regular Certificate would not be included
in the estate of a non-resident alien individual and would not be subject to
United States estate taxes. However, Certificateholders who are non-resident
alien individuals should consult their tax advisors concerning this question.
Unless otherwise stated in the related Prospectus Supplement, transfers of
REMIC Residual Certificates to investors that are not United States persons will
be prohibited under the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
GRANTOR TRUST FUNDS
CLASSIFICATION OF GRANTOR TRUST FUNDS
With respect to each series of Grantor Trust Certificates, Thacher Proffitt
& Wood, counsel to the Depositor, will deliver their opinion to the effect that
assuming compliance with all provisions of the related Pooling and Servicing
Agreement, the related Grantor Trust Fund will be classified as a grantor trust
under subpart E, part I of subchapter J of the Code and not as a partnership or
an association taxable as a corporation. Accordingly, each holder of a Grantor
Trust Certificate generally will be treated as the owner of an interest in the
Mortgage Loans included in the Grantor Trust Fund.
For purposes of the following discussion, a Grantor Trust Certificate
representing an undivided equitable ownership interest in the principal of the
Mortgage Loans constituting the related Grantor Trust Fund, together with
interest thereon at a pass-through rate, will be referred to as a "Grantor Trust
Fractional Interest Certificate." A Grantor Trust Certificate representing
ownership of all or a portion of the difference between interest paid on the
Mortgage Loans constituting the related Grantor Trust Fund (net of normal
administration fees and any Spread) and interest paid to the holders of Grantor
Trust Fractional Interest Certificates issued with respect to such Grantor Trust
Fund will be referred to as a "Grantor Trust Strip Certificate." A Grantor Trust
Strip Certificate may also evidence a nominal ownership interest in the
principal of the Mortgage Loans constituting the related Grantor Trust Fund.
CHARACTERIZATION OF INVESTMENTS IN GRANTOR TRUST CERTIFICATES
GRANTOR TRUST FRACTIONAL INTEREST CERTIFICATES
In the case of Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates, unless
otherwise disclosed in the related Prospectus Supplement and subject to the
discussion below with respect to
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Buydown Mortgage Loans, counsel to the Depositor will deliver an opinion
that, in general, Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates will represent
interests in (i) "qualifying real property loans" within the meaning of Section
593(d) of the Code; (ii) "loans . . . secured by an interest in real property"
within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(19)(C)(v) of the Code; (iii)
"obligation[s] (including any participation or Certificate of beneficial
ownership therein) which . . .[are] principally secured by an interest in real
property" within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3) of the Code; and (iv) "real
estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(5)(A) of the Code. In
addition, counsel to the Depositor will deliver an opinion that interest on
Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates will to the same extent be
considered "interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on
interests in real property" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the
Code.
The assets constituting certain Grantor Trust Funds may include Buydown
Mortgage Loans. The characterization of an investment in Buydown Mortgage Loans
will depend upon the precise terms of the related Buydown Agreement, but to the
extent that such Buydown Mortgage Loans are secured by a bank account or other
personal property, they may not be treated in their entirety as assets described
in the foregoing sections of the Code. No directly applicable precedents exist
with respect to the federal income tax treatment or the characterization of
investments in Buydown Mortgage Loans. Accordingly, holders of Grantor Trust
Certificates should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the
characterization of investments in Grantor Trust Certificates representing an
interest in a Grantor Trust Fund that includes Buydown Mortgage Loans.
GRANTOR TRUST STRIP CERTIFICATES
Even if Grantor Trust Strip Certificates evidence an interest in a Grantor
Trust Fund consisting of Mortgage Loans that are "loans . . . secured by an
interest in real property" within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(19)(C)(v) of
the Code, "qualifying real property loans" within the meaning of Section 593(d)
of the Code, and "real estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(5)(A)
of the Code, and the interest on which is "interest on obligations secured by
mortgages on real property" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the
Code, it is unclear whether the Grantor Trust Strip Certificates, and the income
therefrom, will be so characterized. However, the policies underlying such
sections (namely, to encourage or require investments in mortgage loans by
thrift institutions and real estate investment trusts) may suggest that such
characterization is appropriate. Counsel to the Depositor will not deliver any
opinion on these questions. Prospective purchasers to which such
characterization of an investment in Grantor Trust Strip Certificates is
material should consult their tax advisors regarding whether the Grantor Trust
Strip Certificates, and the income therefrom, will be so characterized.
The Grantor Trust Strip Certificates will be "obligation[s] (including any
participation or Certificate of beneficial ownership therein) which . . .[are]
principally secured by an interest in real property" within the meaning of
Section 860G(a)(3)(A) of the Code.
TAXATION OF OWNERS OF GRANTOR TRUST FRACTIONAL INTEREST CERTIFICATES
Holders of a particular series of Grantor Trust Fractional Interest
Certificates generally will be required to report on their federal income tax
returns their shares of the entire income from the Mortgage Loans (including
amounts used to pay reasonable servicing fees and other expenses) and will be
entitled to deduct their shares of any such reasonable servicing fees and other
expenses. Because of stripped interests, market or original issue discount, or
premium, the amount includible in income on account of a Grantor Trust
Fractional Interest Certificate may differ significantly from the amount
distributable thereon representing interest on the Mortgage Loans. Under Section
67 of the Code, an individual, estate or trust holding a
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Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate directly or through certain
pass-through entities will be allowed a deduction for such reasonable servicing
fees and expenses only to the extent that the aggregate of such holder's
miscellaneous itemized deductions exceeds two percent of such holder's adjusted
gross income. In addition, Section 68 of the Code provides that the amount of
itemized deductions otherwise allowable for an individual whose adjusted gross
income exceeds a specified amount will be reduced by the lesser of (i) 3% of the
excess of the individual's adjusted gross income over such amount or (ii) 80% of
the amount of itemized deductions otherwise allowable for the taxable year. The
amount of additional taxable income reportable by holders of Grantor Trust
Fractional Interest Certificates who are subject to the limitations of either
Section 67 or Section 68 of the Code may be substantial. Further,
Certificateholders (other than corporations) subject to the alternative minimum
tax may not deduct miscellaneous itemized deductions in determining such
holder's alternative minimum taxable income. Although it is not entirely clear,
it appears that in transactions in which multiple classes of Grantor Trust
Certificates (including Grantor Trust Strip Certificates) are issued, such fees
and expenses should be allocated among the classes of Grantor Trust Certificates
using a method that recognizes that each such class benefits from the related
services. In the absence of statutory or administrative clarification as to the
method to be used, it currently is intended to base information returns or
reports to the IRS and Certificateholders on a method that allocates such
expenses among classes of Grantor Trust Certificates with respect to each period
based on the distributions made to each such class during that period.
The federal income tax treatment of Grantor Trust Fractional Interest
Certificates of any series will depend on whether they are subject to the
"stripped bond" rules of Section 1286 of the Code. Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificates may be subject to those rules if (i) a class of Grantor
Trust Strip Certificates is issued as part of the same series of Certificates or
(ii) the Depositor or any of its affiliates retains (for its own account or for
purposes of resale) a right to receive a specified portion of the interest
payable on the Mortgage Loans. Further, the IRS has ruled that an unreasonably
high servicing fee retained by a seller or servicer will be treated as a
retained ownership interest in mortgages that constitutes a stripped coupon. For
purposes of determining what constitutes reasonable servicing fees for various
types of mortgages the IRS has established certain "safe harbors." The servicing
fees paid with respect to the Mortgage Loans for certain series of Grantor Trust
Certificates may be higher than the "safe harbors" and, accordingly, may not
constitute reasonable servicing compensation. The related Prospectus Supplement
will include information regarding servicing fees paid to the Master Servicer,
any subservicer or their respective affiliates necessary to determine whether
the preceding "safe harbor" rules apply.
IF STRIPPED BOND RULES APPLY
If the stripped bond rules apply, each Grantor Trust Fractional Interest
Certificate will be treated as having been issued with "original issue discount"
within the meaning of Section 1273(a) of the Code, subject, however, to the
discussion below regarding the treatment of certain stripped bonds as market
discount bonds and the discussion regarding de minimis market discount. See
"-Taxation of Owners of Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates-Market
Discount" below. Under the stripped bond rules, the holder of a Grantor Trust
Fractional Interest Certificate (whether a cash or accrual method taxpayer) will
be required to report interest income from its Grantor Trust Fractional Interest
Certificate for each month in an amount equal to the income that accrues on such
Certificate in that month calculated under a constant yield method, in
accordance with the rules of the Code relating to original issue discount.
The original issue discount on a Grantor Trust Fractional Interest
Certificate will be the excess of such Certificate's stated redemption price
over its issue price. The issue price of
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a Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate as to any purchaser will be
equal to the price paid by such purchaser for the Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificate. The stated redemption price of a Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificate will be the sum of all payments to be made on such
Certificate, other than "qualified stated interest," if any, as well as such
Certificate's share of reasonable servicing fees and other expenses. See
"-Taxation of Owners of Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates-If
Stripped Bond Rules Do Not Apply" for a definition of "qualified stated
interest." In general, the amount of such income that accrues in any month would
equal the product of such holder's adjusted basis in such Grantor Trust
Fractional Interest Certificate at the beginning of such month (see "Sales of
Grantor Trust Certificates") and the yield of such Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificate to such holder. Such yield would be computed at the rate
(compounded based on the regular interval between payment dates) that, if used
to discount the holder's share of future payments on the Mortgage Loans, would
cause the present value of those future payments to equal the price at which the
holder purchased such Certificate. In computing yield under the stripped bond
rules, a Certificateholder's share of future payments on the Mortgage Loans will
not include any payments made in respect of any ownership interest in the
Mortgage Loans retained by the Depositor, the Master Servicer, any subservicer
or their respective affiliates, but will include such Certificateholder's share
of any reasonable servicing fees and other expenses.
Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code requires (i) the use of a reasonable
prepayment assumption in accruing original issue discount and (ii) adjustments
in the accrual of original issue discount when prepayments do not conform to the
prepayment assumption, with respect to certain categories of debt instruments,
and regulations could be adopted applying thoseprovisions to the Grantor Trust
Fractional Interest Certificates. It is unclear whether those provisions would
be applicable to the Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates or whether
use of a reasonable prepayment assumption may be required or permitted without
reliance on these rules. It is also uncertain, if a prepayment assumption is
used, whether the assumed prepayment rate would be determined based on
conditions at the time of the first sale of the Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificate or, with respect to any holder, at the time of purchase of
the Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate by that holder.
Certificateholders are advised to consult their own tax advisors concerning
reporting original issue discount in general and, in particular, whether a
prepayment assumption should be used in reporting original issue discount with
respect to Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates.
In the case of a Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate acquired at
a price equal to the principal amount of the Mortgage Loans allocable to such
Certificate, the use of a prepayment assumption generally would not have any
significant effect on the yield used in calculating accruals of interest income.
In the case, however, of a Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate
acquired at a discount or premium (that is, at a price less than or greater than
such principal amount, respectively), the use of a reasonable prepayment
assumption would increase or decrease such yield, and thus accelerate or
decelerate, respectively, the reporting of income.
If a prepayment assumption is not used, then when a Mortgage Loan prepays
in full, the holder of a Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate acquired
at a discount or a premium generally will recognize ordinary income or loss
equal to the difference between the portion of the prepaid principal amount of
the Mortgage Loan that is allocable to such Certificate and the portion of the
adjusted basis of such Certificate that is allocable to such Certificateholder's
interest in the Mortgage Loan. If a prepayment assumption is used, it appears
that no separate item of income or loss should be recognized upon a prepayment.
Instead, a prepayment should be treated as a partial payment of the stated
redemption price of the Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate and
accounted for under a method similar
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to that described for taking account of original issue discount on REMIC
Regular Certificates. See "-REMICs-Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular
Certificates-Original Issue Discount." It is unclear whether any other
adjustments would be required to reflect differences between an assumed
prepayment rate and the actual rate of prepayments.
In the absence of statutory or administrative clarification, it is
currently intended to base information reports or returns to the IRS and
Certificateholders in transactions subject to the stripped bond rules on a
prepayment assumption (the "Prepayment Assumption") that will be disclosed in
the related Prospectus Supplement and on a constant yield computed using a
representative initial offering price for each class of Certificates. However,
neither the Depositor nor the Trustee will make any representation that the
Mortgage Loans will in fact prepay at a rate conforming to such Prepayment
Assumption or any other rate and Certificateholders should bear in mind that the
use of a representative initial offering price will mean that such information
returns or reports, even if otherwise accepted as accurate by the IRS, will in
any event be accurate only as to the initial Certificateholders of each series
who bought at that price.
Under Treasury regulation Section 1.1286-1T, certain stripped bonds are to
be treated as market discount bonds and, accordingly, any purchaser of such a
bond is to account for any discount on the bond as market discount rather than
original issue discount. This treatment only applies, however, if immediately
after the most recent disposition of the bond by a person stripping one or more
coupons from the bond and disposing of the bond or coupon (i) there is no
original issue discount (or only a de minimis amount of original issue discount)
or (ii) the annual stated rate of interest payable on the original bond is no
more than one percentage point lower than the gross interest rate payable on the
original mortgage loan (before subtracting any servicing fee or any stripped
coupon). If interest payable on a Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate
is more than one percentage point lower than the gross interest rate payable on
the Mortgage Loans, the related Prospectus Supplement will disclose that fact.
If the original issue discount or market discount on a Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificate determined under the stripped bond rules is less than 0.25%
of the stated redemption price multiplied by the weighted average maturity of
the Mortgage Loans, then such original issue discount or market discount will be
considered to be de minimis. Original issue discount or market discount of only
a de minimis amount will be included in income in the same manner as de minimis
original issue and market discount described in "-Taxation of Owners of Grantor
Trust Fractional Interest Certificates-If Stripped Bond Rules Do Not Apply" and
"-Market Discount" below.
IF STRIPPED BOND RULES DO NOT APPLY
Subject to the discussion below on original issue discount, if the stripped
bond rules do not apply to a Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate, the
Certificateholder will be required to report its share of the interest income on
the Mortgage Loans in accordance with such Certificateholder's normal method of
accounting. The original issue discount rules will apply to a Grantor Trust
Fractional Interest Certificate to the extent it evidences an interest in
Mortgage Loans issued with original issue discount.
The original issue discount, if any, on the Mortgage Loans will equal the
difference between the stated redemption price of such Mortgage Loans and their
issue price. Under the OID Regulations, the stated redemption price is equal to
the total of all payments to be made on such Mortgage Loan other than "qualified
stated interest." "Qualified stated interest" includes interest that is
unconditionally payable at least annually at a single fixed rate, or at a
"qualified floating rate," an "objective rate," a combination of a single fixed
rate and one or more "qualified floating rates" or one "qualified inverse
floating rate," or a combination of "qualified floating rates" that does not
operate in a manner that accelerates or defers interest payments on such
Mortgage Loan. In general, the issue price of a Mortgage Loan will be the
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amount received by the borrower from the lender under the terms of the
Mortgage Loan, less any "points" paid by the borrower, and the stated redemption
price of a Mortgage Loan will equal its principal amount, unless the Mortgage
Loan provides for an initial below-market rate of interest or the acceleration
or the deferral of interest payments.
In the case of Mortgage Loans bearing adjustable or variable interest
rates, the related Prospectus Supplement will describe the manner in which such
rules will be applied with respect to those Mortgage Loans by the Trustee in
preparing information returns to the Certificateholders and the IRS.
Notwithstanding the general definition of original issue discount, original
issue discount will be considered to be de minimis if such original issue
discount is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price multiplied by the
weighted average maturity of the Mortgage Loan. For this purpose, the weighted
average maturity of the Mortgage Loan will be computed as the sum of the amounts
determined, as to each payment included in the stated redemption price of such
Mortgage Loan, by multiplying (i) the number of complete years (rounding down
for partial years) from the issue date until such payment is expected to be made
by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount of the payment and the
denominator of which is the stated redemption price of the Mortgage Loan. Under
the OID Regulations, original issue discount of only a de minimis amount (other
than de minimis original issue discount attributable to a so-called "teaser"
rate or initial interest holiday) will be included in income as each payment of
stated principal is made, based on the product of the total amount of such de
minimis original issue discount and a fraction, the numerator of which is the
amount of each such payment and the denominator of which is the outstanding
stated principal amount of the Mortgage Loan. The OID Regulations also permit a
Certificateholder to elect to accrue de minimis original issue discount into
income currently based on a constant yield method. See "-Taxation of Owners of
Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates-Market Discount" below.
If original issue discount is in excess of a de minimis amount, all
original issue discount with respect to a Mortgage Loan will be required to be
accrued and reported in income each month, based on a constant yield. The OID
Regulations suggest that no prepayment assumption is appropriate in computing
the yield on prepayable obligations issued with original issue discount. In the
absence of statutory or administrative clarification, it currently is not
intended to base information reports or returns to the IRS and
Certificateholders on the use of a prepayment assumption in transactions not
subject to the stripped bond rules. However, Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code may
require that a prepayment assumption be made in computing yield with respect to
all mortgage-backed securities. Certificateholders are advised to consult their
own tax advisors concerning whether a prepayment assumption should be used in
reporting original issue discount with respect to Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificates. Certificateholders should refer to the related Prospectus
Supplement with respect to each series to determine whether and in what manner
the original issue discount rules will apply to Mortgage Loans in such series.
A purchaser of a Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate that
purchases such Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate at a cost less than
such Certificate's allocable portion of the aggregate remaining stated
redemption price of the Mortgage Loans held in the related Trust Fund will also
be required to include in gross income such Certificate's daily portions of any
original issue discount with respect to such Mortgage Loans. However, each such
daily portion will be reduced, if the cost of such Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificate to such purchaser is in excess of such Certificate's
allocable portion of the aggregate "adjusted issue prices" of the Mortgage Loans
held in the related Trust Fund, approximately in proportion to the ratio such
excess bears to such Certificate's allocable portion of the aggregate original
issue discount remaining to be accrued on such Mortgage Loans. The adjusted
issue price of a Mortgage Loan on any given day equals the sum of (i) the
adjusted issue price (or, in the
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case of the first accrual period, the issue price) of such Mortgage Loan at
the beginning of the accrual period that includes such day and (ii) the daily
portions of original issue discount for all days during such accrual period
prior to such day. The adjusted issue price of a Mortgage Loan at the beginning
of any accrual period will equal the issue price of such Mortgage Loan,
increased by the aggregate amount of original issue discount with respect to
such Mortgage Loan that accrued in prior accrual periods, and reduced by the
amount of any payments made on such Mortgage Loan in prior accrual periods of
amounts included in its stated redemption price.
In addition to its regular reports, the Trustee, unless otherwise provided
in the related Prospectus Supplement, will provide to any holder of a Grantor
Trust Fractional Interest Certificate such information as such holder may
reasonably request from time to time with respect to original issue discount
accruing on Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates. See "Grantor Trust
Reporting" below.
MARKET DISCOUNT
If the stripped bond rules do not apply to the Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificate, a Certificateholder may be subject to the market discount
rules of Sections 1276 through 1278 of the Code to the extent an interest in a
Mortgage Loan is considered to have been purchased at a "market discount," that
is, in the case of a Mortgage Loan issued without original issue discount, at a
purchase price less than its remaining stated redemption price (as defined
above, or in the case of a Mortgage Loan issued with original issue discount, at
a purchase price less than its adjusted issue price (as defined above). If
market discount is in excess of a de minimis amount (as described below), the
holder generally will be required to include in income in each month the amount
of such discount that has accrued (under the rules described in the next
paragraph) through such month that has not previously been included in income,
but limited, in the case of the portion of such discount that is allocable to
any Mortgage Loan, to the payment of stated redemption price on such Mortgage
Loan that is received by (or, in the case of accrual basis Certificateholders,
due to) the Trust Fund in that month. A Certificateholder may elect to include
market discount in income currently as it accrues (under a constant yield method
based on the yield of the Certificate to such holder) rather than including it
on a deferred basis in accordance with the foregoing. If made, such election
will apply to all market discount bonds acquired by such Certificateholder
during or after the first taxable year to which such election applies. In
addition, the OID Regulations would permit a Certificateholder to elect to
accrue all interest, discount (including de minimis market or original issue
discount) and premium in income as interest, based on a constant yield method.
If such an election were made with respect to a Mortgage Loan with market
discount, the Certificateholder would be deemed to have made an election to
include currently market discount in income with respect to all other debt
instruments having market discount that such Certificateholder acquires during
the taxable year of the election and thereafter, and possibly previously
acquired instruments. Similarly, a Certificateholder that made this election for
a Certificate acquired at a premium would be deemed to have made an election to
amortize bond premium with respect to all debt instruments having amortizable
bond premium that such Certificateholder owns or acquires. See "-REMICs-Taxation
of Owners of REMIC Regular Certificates-Premium" below. Each of these elections
to accrue interest, discount and premium with respect to a Certificate on a
constant yield method or as interest is irrevocable.
Section 1276(b)(3) of the Code authorized the Treasury Department to issue
regulations providing for the method for accruing market discount on debt
instruments, the principal of which is payable in more than one installment.
Until such time as regulations are issued by the Treasury Department, certain
rules described in the Committee Report will apply. Under those rules, in each
accrual period market discount on the Mortgage Loans should accrue, at the
Certificateholder's option: (i) on the basis of a constant yield method, (ii) in
the case of
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a Mortgage Loan issued without original issue discount, in an amount that
bears the same ratio to the total remaining market discount as the stated
interest paid in the accrual period bears to the total stated interest remaining
to be paid on the Mortgage Loan as of the beginning of the accrual period, or
(iii) in the case of a Mortgage Loan issued with original issue discount, in an
amount that bears the same ratio to the total remaining market discount as the
original issue discount accrued in the accrual period bears to the total
original issue discount remaining at the beginning of the accrual period. The
prepayment assumption, if any, used in calculating the accrual of original issue
discount is to be used in calculating the accrual of market discount. The effect
of using a prepayment assumption could be to accelerate the reporting of such
discount income. Because the regulations referred to in this paragraph have not
been issued, it is not possible to predict what effect such regulations might
have on the tax treatment of a Mortgage Loan purchased at a discount in the
secondary market.
Because the Mortgage Loans will provide for periodic payments of stated
redemption price, such discount may be required to be included in income at a
rate that is not significantly slower than the rate at which such discount would
be included in income if it were original issue discount.
Market discount with respect to Mortgage Loans generally will be considered
to be de minimis if it is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price of the
Mortgage Loans multiplied by the number of complete years to maturity remaining
after the date of its purchase. In interpreting a similar rule with respect to
original issue discount on obligations payable in installments, the OID
Regulations refer to the weighted average maturity of obligations, and it is
likely that the same rule will be applied with respect to market discount,
presumably taking into account the prepayment assumption used, if any. The
effect of using a prepayment assumption could be to accelerate the reporting of
such discount income. If market discount is treated as de minimis under the
foregoing rule, it appears that actual discount would be treated in a manner
similar to original issue discount of a de minimis amount. See "-Taxation of
Owners of Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates-If Stripped Bond Rules
Do Not Apply."
Further, under the rules described in "-REMICs-Taxation of Owners of REMIC
Regular Certificates-Market Discount," below, any discount that is not original
issue discount and exceeds a de minimis amount may require the deferral of
interest expense deductions attributable to accrued market discount not yet
includible in income, unless an election has been made to report market discount
currently as it accrues. This rule applies without regard to the origination
dates of the Mortgage Loans.
PREMIUM
If a Certificateholder is treated as acquiring the underlying Mortgage
Loans at a premium, that is, at a price in excess of their remaining stated
redemption price, such Certificateholder may elect under Section 171 of the Code
to amortize using a constant yield method the portion of such premium allocable
to Mortgage Loans originated after September 27, 1985. Amortizable premium is
treated as an offset to interest income on the related debt instrument, rather
than as a separate interest deduction. However, premium allocable to Mortgage
Loans originated before September 28, 1985 or to Mortgage Loans for which an
amortization election is not made, should be allocated among the payments of
stated redemption price on the Mortgage Loan and be allowed as a deduction as
such payments are made (or, for a Certificateholder using the accrual method of
accounting, when such payments of stated redemption price are due).
It is unclear whether a prepayment assumption should be used in computing
amortization of premium allowable under Section 171 of the Code. If premium is
not subject to amortization using a prepayment assumption and a Mortgage Loan
prepays in full, the holder
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of a Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate acquired at a premium
should recognize a loss, equal to the difference between the portion of the
prepaid principal amount of the Mortgage Loan that is allocable to the
Certificate and the portion of the adjusted basis of the Certificate that is
allocable to the Mortgage Loan. If a prepayment assumption is used to amortize
such premium, it appears that such a loss would be unavailable. Instead, if a
prepayment assumption is used, a prepayment should be treated as a partial
payment of the stated redemption price of the Grantor Trust Fractional Interest
Certificate and accounted for under a method similar to that described for
taking account of original issue discount on REMIC Regular Certificates. See
"REMICs-Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Certificates --Original Issue
Discount." It is unclear whether any other adjustments would be required to
reflect differences between the prepayment assumption used, and the actual rate
of prepayments.
TAXATION OF OWNERS OF GRANTOR TRUST STRIP CERTIFICATES
The "stripped coupon" rules of Section 1286 of the Code will apply to the
Grantor Trust Strip Certificates. Except as described above in "-Taxation of
Owners of Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates-If Stripped Bond Rules
Apply," no regulations or published rulings under Section 1286 of the Code have
been issued and some uncertainty exists as to how it will be applied to
securities such as the Grantor Trust Strip Certificates. Accordingly, holders of
Grantor Trust Strip Certificates should consult their own tax advisors
concerning the method to be used in reporting income or loss with respect to
such Certificates.
The OID Regulations do not apply to "stripped coupons," although they
provide general guidance as to how the original issue discount sections of the
Code will be applied. In addition, the discussion below is subject to the
discussion under "Possible Application of Proposed Contingent Payment Rules" and
assumes that the holder of a Grantor Trust Strip Certificate will not own any
Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates.
Under the stripped coupon rules, it appears that original issue discount
will be required to be accrued in each month on the Grantor Trust Strip
Certificates based on a constant yield method. In effect, each holder of Grantor
Trust Strip Certificates would include as interest income in each month an
amount equal to the product of such holder's adjusted basis in such Grantor
Trust Strip Certificate at the beginning of such month and the yield of such
Grantor Trust Strip Certificate to such holder. Such yield would be calculated
based on the price paid for that Grantor Trust Strip Certificate by its holder
and the payments remaining to be made thereon at the time of the purchase, plus
an allocable portion of the servicing fees and expenses to be paid with respect
to the Mortgage Loans. See "-Taxation of Owners of Grantor Trust Fractional
Interest Certificates-If Stripped Bond Rules Apply" above.
As noted above, Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code requires that a prepayment
assumption be used in computing the accrual of original issue discount with
respect to certain categories of debt instruments, and that adjustments be made
in the amount and rate of accrual of such discount when prepayments do not
conform to such prepayment assumption. Regulations could be adopted applying
those provisions to the Grantor Trust Strip Certificates. It is unclear whether
those provisions would be applicable to the Grantor Trust Strip Certificates or
whether use of a prepayment assumption may be required or permitted in the
absence of such regulations. It is also uncertain, if a prepayment assumption is
used, whether the assumed prepayment rate would be determined based on
conditions at the time of the first sale of the Grantor Trust Strip Certificate
or, with respect to any subsequent holder, at the time of purchase of the
Grantor Trust Strip Certificate by that holder.
The accrual of income on the Grantor Trust Strip Certificates will be
significantly slower if a prepayment assumption is permitted to be made than if
yield is computed assuming no prepayments. In the absence of statutory or
administrative clarification, it currently is intended
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to base information returns or reports to the IRS and Certificateholders on
the Prepayment Assumption disclosed in the related Prospectus Supplement and on
a constant yield computed using a representative initial offering price for each
class of Certificates. However, neither the Depositor nor the Trustee will make
any representation that the Mortgage Loans will in fact prepay at a rate
conforming to the Prepayment Assumption or at any other rate and
Certificateholders should bear in mind that the use of a representative initial
offering price will mean that such information returns or reports, even if
otherwise accepted as accurate by the IRS, will in any event be accurate only as
to the initial Certificateholders of each series who bought at that price.
Prospective purchasers of the Grantor Trust Strip Certificates should consult
their own tax advisors regarding the use of the Prepayment Assumption.
It is unclear under what circumstances, if any, the prepayment of a
Mortgage Loan will give rise to a loss to the holder of a Grantor Trust Strip
Certificate. If a Grantor Trust Strip Certificate is treated as a single
instrument (rather than an interest in discrete mortgage loans) and the effect
of prepayments is taken into account in computing yield with respect to such
Grantor Trust Strip Certificate, it appears that no loss may be available as a
result of any particular prepayment unless prepayments occur at a rate faster
than the Prepayment Assumption. However, if a Grantor Trust Strip Certificate is
treated as an interest in discrete Mortgage Loans, or if the Prepayment
Assumption is not used, then when a Mortgage Loan is prepaid, the holder of a
Grantor Trust Strip Certificate should be able to recognize a loss equal to the
portion of the adjusted issue price of the Grantor Trust Strip Certificate that
is allocable to such Mortgage Loan.
POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF PROPOSED CONTINGENT PAYMENT RULES
The coupon stripping rules' general treatment of stripped coupons is to
regard them as newly issued debt instruments in the hands of each purchaser. To
the extent that payments on the Grantor Trust Strip Certificates would cease if
the Mortgage Loans were prepaid in full, the Grantor Trust Strip Certificates
could be considered to be debt instruments providing for contingent payments.
Under the OID Regulations, debt instruments providing for contingent payments
are not subject to the same rules as debt instruments providing for
noncontingent payments, but no final regulations have been promulgated with
respect to contingent payment debt instruments. Proposed regulations were
promulgated on December 16, 1994 regarding contingent payment debt instruments
but it appears that Grantor Trust Strip Certificates, due to their similarity to
other mortgage-backed securities (such as REMIC regular interests) that are
expressly excepted from the application of such proposed regulations, may be
excepted from such proposed regulations. Like the OID Regulations, such proposed
regulations do not specifically address securities, such as the Grantor Trust
Strip Certificates, that are subject to the stripped bond rules of Section 1286
of the Code.
If the contingent payment rules under the proposed regulations were to
apply, the holder of a Grantor Trust Strip Certificate would be required to
apply the "noncontingent bond method". Under the "noncontingent bond method",
the issuer of a Grantor Trust Strip Certificate determines a projected payment
schedule on which interest will accrue. Holders of Grantor Trust Strip
Certificates are bound by the issuer's projected payment schedule. The projected
payment schedule consists of all noncontingent payments and a projected amount
for each contingent payment based on the projected yield (as described below) of
the Grantor Trust Strip Certificate.
The projected amount of each payment is determined so that the projected
payment schedule reflects the projected yield. The projected amount of each
payment must reasonably reflect the relative expected values of the payments to
be received by the holders of a Grantor Trust Strip Certificate. The projected
yield referred to above is a reasonable rate, not less than the "applicable
Federal rate" that, as of the issue date, reflects general market conditions,
the credit quality of the issuer, and the terms and conditions of the Mortgage
Loans. The holder
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of a Grantor Trust Strip Certificate would be required to include as
interest income in each month the adjusted issue price of the Grantor Trust
Strip Certificate at the beginning of the period multiplied by the projected
yield.
Assuming that a prepayment assumption were used, if the proposed
regulations or their principles were applied to Grantor Trust Strip
Certificates, the amount of income reported with respect thereto would be
substantially similar to that described under "Taxation of Owners of Grantor
Trust Strip Certificates". Certificateholders should consult their tax advisors
concerning the possible application of the contingent payment rules to the
Grantor Trust Strip Certificates.
SALES OF GRANTOR TRUST CERTIFICATES
Any gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the
sale of a Grantor Trust Certificate, recognized on the sale or exchange of a
Grantor Trust Certificate by an investor who holds such Grantor Trust
Certificate as a capital asset, will be capital gain or loss, except to the
extent of accrued and unrecognized market discount, which will be treated as
ordinary income, and (in the case of banks and other financial institutions)
except as provided under Section 582(c) of the Code. The adjusted basis of a
Grantor Trust Certificate generally will equal its cost, increased by any income
reported by the seller (including original issue discount and market discount
income) and reduced (but not below zero) by any previously reported losses, any
amortized premium and by any distributions with respect to such Grantor Trust
Certificate. The Code as of the date of this Prospectus provides a top marginal
tax rate of 39.6% for individuals and a maximum marginal rate for long-term
capital gains of individuals of 28%. No such rate differential exists for
corporations. In addition, the distinction between a capital gain or loss and
ordinary income or loss remains relevant for other purposes.
Gain or loss from the sale of a Grantor Trust Certificate may be partially
or wholly ordinary and not capital in certain circumstances. Gain attributable
to accrued and unrecognized market discount will be treated as ordinary income,
as will gain or loss recognized by banks and other financial institutions
subject to Section 582(c) of the Code. Furthermore, a portion of any gain that
might otherwise be capital gain may be treated as ordinary income to the extent
that the Grantor Trust Certificate is held as part of a "conversion transaction"
within the meaning of Section 1258 of the Code. A conversion transaction
generally is one in which the taxpayer has taken two or more positions in the
same or similar property that reduce or eliminate market risk, if substantially
all of the taxpayer's return is attributable to the time value of the taxpayer's
net investment in such transaction. The amount of gain realized in a conversion
transaction that is recharacterized as ordinary income generally will not exceed
the amount of interest that would have accrued on the taxpayer's net investment
at 120% of the appropriate "applicable Federal rate" (which rate is computed and
published monthly by the IRS) at the time the taxpayer enters into the
conversion transaction, subject to appropriate reduction for prior inclusion of
interest and other ordinary income items from the transaction. Finally, a
taxpayer may elect to have net capital gain taxed at ordinary income rates
rather than capital gains rates in order to include such net capital gain in
total net investment income for that taxable year, for purposes of the rule that
limits the deduction of interest on indebtedness incurred to purchase or carry
property held for investment to a taxpayer's net investment income.
GRANTOR TRUST REPORTING
Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trustee
will furnish to each holder of a Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificate
with each distribution a statement setting forth the amount of such distribution
allocable to principal on the underlying Mortgage Loans and to interest thereon
at the related Pass-Through Rate. In addition, the
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Trustee will furnish, within a reasonable time after the end of each
calendar year, to each holder of a Grantor Trust Certificate who was such a
holder at any time during such year, information regarding the amount of
servicing compensation received by the Master Servicer and sub-servicer (if any)
and such other customary factual information as the Trustee deems necessary or
desirable to enable holders of Grantor Trust Certificates to prepare their tax
returns and will furnish comparable information to the Service as and when
required by law to do so. Because the rules for accruing discount and amortizing
premium with respect to the Grantor Trust Certificates are uncertain in various
respects, there is no assurance the Service will agree with the Trustee's
information reports of such items of income and expense. Moreover, such
information reports, even if otherwise accepted as accurate by the Service, will
in any event be accurate only as to the initial Certificateholders that bought
their Certificates at the representative initial offering price used in
preparing such reports.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING
In general, the rules described in "-REMICS-Backup Withholding with Respect
to REMIC Certificates" will also apply to Grantor Trust Certificates.
FOREIGN INVESTORS
In general, the discussion with respect to REMIC Regular Certificates in
"REMICS-Foreign Investors in REMIC Certificates-REMIC Regular Certificates"
applies to Grantor Trust Certificates except that Grantor Trust Certificates
will, unless otherwise disclosed in the related Prospectus Supplement, be
eligible for exemption from U.S. withholding tax, subject to the conditions
described in such discussion, only to the extent the related Mortgage Loans were
originated after July 18, 1984.
To the extent that interest on a Grantor Trust Certificate would be exempt
under Sections 871(h)(1) and 881(c) of the Code from United States withholding
tax, and the Grantor Trust Certificate is not held in connection with a
Certificateholder's trade or business in the United States, such Grantor Trust
Certificate will not be subject to United States estate taxes in the estate of a
non-resident alien individual.
STATE AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES
In addition to the federal income tax consequences described in "Certain
Federal Income Tax Consequences", potential investors should consider the state
and local tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the
Certificates offered hereunder. State tax law may differ substantially from the
corresponding federal tax law, and the discussion above does not purport to
describe any aspect of the tax laws of any state or other jurisdiction.
Therefore, prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors with
respect to the various tax consequences of investments in the certificates
offered hereunder.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"),
and the Code impose certain requirements on employee benefit plans and on
certain other retirement plans and arrangements, including individual retirement
accounts and annuities, Keogh plans and collective investment funds and separate
accounts in which such plans, accounts or arrangements are invested that are
subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of
the Code ("Plans") and on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to such Plans
in connection with the investment of Plan assets. Certain employee benefit
plans, such as governmental plans (as defined in ERISA Section 3(32)), and, if
no election has been
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made under Section 410(d) of the Code, church plans (as defined in Section
3(33) of ERISA) are not subject to ERISA requirements. Accordingly, assets of
such plans may be invested in Certificates without regard to the ERISA
considerations described below, subject to the provisions of other applicable
federal and state law. Any such plan which is qualified and exempt from taxation
under Sections 401(a) and 501(a) of the Code, however, is subject to the
prohibited transaction rules set forth in Section 503 of the Code.
ERISA generally imposes on Plan fiduciaries certain general fiduciary
requirements, including those of investment prudence and diversification and the
requirement that a Plan's investments be made in accordance with the documents
governing the Plan. In addition, ERISA and the Code prohibit a broad range of
transactions involving assets of a Plan and persons ("Parties in Interest") who
have certain specified relationships to the Plan unless a statutory or
administrative exemption is available. Certain Parties in Interest that
participate in a prohibited transaction may be subject to an excise tax imposed
pursuant to Section 4975 of the Code, unless a statutory or administrative
exemption is available. These prohibited transactions generally are set forth in
Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code.
A Plan's investment in Certificates may cause the Mortgage Loans, Agency
Securities, Private Mortgage-Backed Securities and other assets included in a
related Trust Fund to be deemed Plan assets. Section 2510.3-101 of the
regulations of the United States Department of Labor ("DOL") provides that when
a Plan acquires an equity interest in an entity, the Plan's assets include both
such equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the underlying assets
of the entity, unless certain exceptions not applicable here apply, or unless
the equity participation in the entity by "benefit plan investors" (i.e., Plans
and certain employee benefit plans not subject to ERISA) is not "significant",
both as defined therein. For this purpose, in general, equity participation by
benefit plan investors will be "significant" on any date if 25% or more of the
value of any class of equity interests in the entity is held by benefit plan
investors. Equity participation in a Trust Fund will be significant on any date
if immediately after the most recent acquisition of any Certificate, 25% or more
of any class of Certificates is held by benefit plan investors.
Any person who has discretionary authority or control respecting the
management or disposition of Plan assets, and any person who provides investment
advice with respect to such assets for a fee, is a fiduciary of the investing
Plan. If the Mortgage Loans, Agency Securities, Private Mortgage-Backed
Securities and other assets included in a Trust Fund constitute Plan assets,
then any party exercising management or discretionary control regarding those
assets, such as the Master Servicer or any Sub-Servicer, may be deemed to be a
Plan "fiduciary" and thus subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions and
prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and the Code with respect to the
investing Plan. In addition, if the Mortgage Loans, Agency Securities, Private
Mortgage-Backed Securities and other assets included in a Trust Fund constitute
Plan assets, the purchase of Certificates by a Plan, as well as the operation of
the Trust Fund, may constitute or involve a prohibited transaction under ERISA
and the Code.
The DOL issued an individual exemption, Prohibited Transaction Exemption
89-89 (the "Exemption"), on October 17, 1989 to Salomon Brothers Inc, which
generally exempts from the application of the prohibited transaction provisions
of Section 406 of ERISA, and the excise taxes imposed on such prohibited
transactions pursuant to Section 4975(a) and (b) of the Code and Section 502(i)
of ERISA, certain transactions, among others, relating to the servicing and
operation of mortgage pools and the purchase, sale and holding of mortgage
pass-through certificates underwritten by an Underwriter (as hereinafter
defined), provided that certain conditions set forth in the Exemption are
satisfied. For purposes of this Section "ERISA Considerations," the term
"Underwriter" shall include (a) Salomon Brothers Inc, (b) any person directly or
indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controlling, controlled by or
under common control with Salomon Brothers Inc and (c) any member of the
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underwriting syndicate or selling group of which a person described in (a) or
(b) is a manager or co-manager with respect to a class of Certificates.
The Exemption sets forth six general conditions which must be satisfied for
a transaction involving the purchase, sale and holding of Certificates to be
eligible for exemptive relief thereunder. First, the acquisition of Certificates
by a Plan must be on terms that are at least as favorable to the Plan as they
would be in an arm's-length transaction with an unrelated party. Second, the
Exemption only applies to Certificates evidencing rights and interests not
subordinated to the rights and interests evidenced by the other Certificates of
the same series. Third, the Certificates at the time of acquisition by the Plan
must be rated in one of the three highest generic rating categories by Standard
& Poor's Corporation, Moody's Investors Service, Inc., Duff & Phelps, Inc. or
Fitch Investors Service, Inc. Fourth, the Trustee cannot be an affiliate of any
member of the "Restricted Group" which consists of any Underwriter, the
Depositor, the Trustee, the Master Servicer, any Sub-Servicer and any mortgagor
with respect to Trust Fund Assets constituting more than 5% of the aggregate
unamortized principal balance of the Trust Fund Assets in the related Trust Fund
as of the date of initial issuance of the Certificates. Fifth, the sum of all
payments made to and retained by the Underwriter(s) must represent not more than
reasonable compensation for underwriting the Certificates; the sum of all
payments made to and retained by the Depositor pursuant to the assignment of the
Trust Fund Assets to the related Trust Fund must represent not more than the
fair market value of such obligations; and the sum of all payments made to and
retained by the Master Servicer and any Sub-Servicer must represent not more
than reasonable compensation for such person's services under the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement and reimbursement of such person's reasonable
expenses in connection therewith. Sixth, the investing Plan must be an
accredited investor as defined in Rule 501(a)(1) of Regulation D of the
Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
A fiduciary of a Plan contemplating purchasing a Certificate must make its
own determination that the general conditions set forth above will be satisfied
with respect to such Certificate.
If the general conditions of the Exemption are satisfied, the Exemption may
provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections 406(a) and 407 of
ERISA (as well as the excise taxes imposed by Sections 4975(a) and (b) of the
Code by reason of Sections 4975(c)(1)(A) through (D) of the Code) in connection
with the direct or indirect sale, exchange, transfer, holding or the direct or
indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of Certificates by
Plans. However, no exemption is provided from the restrictions of Sections
406(a)(1)(E), 406(a)(2) and 407 of ERISA for the acquisition or holding of a
Certificate on behalf of an "Excluded Plan" by any person who has discretionary
authority or renders investment advice with respect to the assets of such
Excluded Plan. For purposes of the Certificates, an Excluded Plan is a Plan
sponsored by any member of the Restricted Group.
If certain specific conditions of the Exemption are also satisfied, the
Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections
406(b)(1) and (b)(2) of ERISA and the taxes imposed by Section 4975(c)(1)(E) of
the Code in connection with (1) the direct or indirect sale, exchange or
transfer of Certificates in the initial issuance of Certificates between the
Depositor or an Underwriter and a Plan when the person who has discretionary
authority or renders investment advice with respect to the investment of Plan
assets in the Certificates is (a) a mortgagor with respect to 5% or less of the
fair market value of the Trust Fund Assets or (b) an affiliate of such a person,
(2) the direct or indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of
Certificates by a Plan and (3) the holding of Certificates by a Plan.
Further, if certain specific conditions of the Exemption are satisfied, the
Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections
406(a), 406(b) and 407 of
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ERISA, and the taxes imposed by Sections 4975(a) and (b) of the Code by
reason of Section 4975(c) of the Code for transactions in connection with the
servicing, management and operation of the Mortgage Pools. The Depositor expects
that the specific conditions of the Exemption required for this purpose will be
satisfied with respect to the Certificates so that the Exemption would provide
an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections 406(a) and (b) of ERISA
(as well as the excise taxes imposed by Sections 4975(a) and (b) of the Code by
reason of Section 4975(c) of the Code) for transactions in connection with the
servicing, management and operation of the Mortgage Pools, provided that the
general conditions of the Exemption are satisfied.
The Exemption also may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed
by Sections 406(a) and 407(a) of ERISA, and the taxes imposed by Section 4975(a)
and (b) of the Code by reason of Sections 4975(c)(1)(A) through (D) of the Code
if such restrictions are deemed to otherwise apply merely because a person is
deemed to be a "party in interest" (within the meaning of Section 3(14) of
ERISA) or a "disqualified person"(within the meaning of Section 4975(e)(2) of
the Code) with respect to an investing Plan by virtue of providing services to
the Plan (or by virtue of having certain specified relationships to such a
person) solely as a result of the Plan's ownership of Certificates.
Before purchasing a Certificate, a fiduciary of a Plan should itself
confirm (a) that the Certificates constitute "certificates" for purposes of the
Exemption and (b) that the specific and general conditions set forth in the
Exemption and the other requirements set forth in the Exemption would be
satisfied. In addition to making its own determination as to the availability of
the exemptive relief provided in the Exemption, the Plan fiduciary should
consider its general fiduciary obligations under ERISA in determining whether to
purchase any Certificates on behalf of a Plan.
Any Plan fiduciary which proposes to cause a Plan to purchase Certificates
should consult with its counsel with respect to the potential applicability of
ERISA and the Code to such investment and the availability of the Exemption or
any other prohibited transaction exemption in connection therewith, in
particular, in connection with a contemplated purchase of Certificates
representing a beneficial ownership interest in a pool of single-family
residential first mortgage loans, Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption 83-1
("PTCE 83-1") for certain transactions involving mortgage pool investment
trusts. The Prospectus Supplement with respect to a series of Certificates may
contain additional information regarding the application of the Exemption, PTCE
83-1, or any other exemption, with respect to the Certificates offered thereby.
In addition, any Plan fiduciary that proposes to cause a Plan to purchase Strip
Certificates should consider the federal income tax consequences of such
investment.
ANY PLAN FIDUCIARY CONSIDERING WHETHER TO PURCHASE A CERTIFICATE ON BEHALF
OF A PLAN SHOULD CONSULT WITH ITS COUNSEL REGARDING THE APPLICABILITY OF THE
FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY AND PROHIBITED TRANSACTION PROVISIONS OF ERISA AND THE
CODE TO SUCH INVESTMENT.
LEGAL INVESTMENT
The Prospectus Supplement for each series of Certificates will specify
which classes of Certificates of such series, if any, will constitute "mortgage
related securities" for purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement
Act of 1984 ("SMMEA"). Any class of Certificates that is not rated in one of the
two highest rating categories by one or more nationally recognized statistical
rating agencies or that represents an interest in a Trust Fund that includes
junior Mortgage Loans will not constitute "mortgage related securities" for
purposes of SMMEA "Mortgage related securities" are legal investments to the
same extent that, under applicable law, obligations issued by or guaranteed as
to principal and interest by the United States or any agency or instrumentality
thereof constitute legal investments for
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persons, trusts, corporations, partnerships, associations, business trusts
and business entities (including depository institutions, insurance companies
and pension funds created pursuant to or existing under the laws of the United
States or of any state, the authorized investments of which are subject to state
regulation). Under SMMEA, if a state enacted legislation prior to October 3,
1991 specifically limiting the legal investment authority of any such entities
with respect to "mortgage related securities", the Certificates would constitute
legal investments for entities subject to such legislation only to the extent
provided in such legislation. SMMEA provides, however, that in no event will the
enactment of any such legislation affect the validity of any contractual
commitment to purchase, hold or invest in "mortgage related securities", or
require the sale or other disposition of such securities, so long as such
contractual commitment was made or such securities acquired prior to the
enactment of such legislation.
SMMEA also amended the legal investment authority of federally chartered
depository institutions as follows: federal savings and loan associations and
federal savings banks may invest in, sell or otherwise deal with "mortgage
related securities" without limitation as to the percentage of their assets
represented thereby, federal credit unions may invest in such securities, and
national banks may purchase such securities for their own account without regard
to the limitations generally applicable to investment securities set forth in 12
U.S.C. 24 (Seventh), subject in each case to such regulations as the applicable
federal regulatory authority may prescribe.
There may be other restrictions on the ability of certain investors,
including depository institutions, either to purchase Certificates or to
purchase Certificates representing more than a specified percentage of the
investor's assets. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN LEGAL ADVISORS IN
DETERMINING WHETHER AND TO WHAT EXTENT THE CERTIFICATES CONSTITUTE LEGAL
INVESTMENTS FOR SUCH INVESTORS OR ARE SUBJECT TO INVESTMENT, CAPITAL OR OTHER
RESTRICTIONS, AND, IF APPLICABLE, WHETHER SMMEA HAS BEEN OVERRIDDEN IN ANY
JURISDICTION RELEVANT TO SUCH INVESTOR.
METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION
The Certificates offered hereby and by the Supplements to this Prospectus
will be offered in series. The distribution of the Certificates may be effected
from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated
transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices to be
determined at the time of sale or at the time of commitment therefor. If so
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Certificates will be
distributed in a firm commitment underwriting, subject to the terms and
conditions of the underwriting agreement, by Salomon Brothers Inc ("Salomon")
acting as underwriter with other underwriters, if any, named therein. In such
event, the Prospectus Supplement may also specify that the underwriters will not
be obligated to pay for any Certificates agreed to be purchased by purchasers
pursuant to purchase agreements acceptable to the Depositor. In connection with
the sale of the Certificates, underwriters may receive compensation from the
Depositor or from purchasers of the Certificates in the form of discounts,
concessions or commissions. The Prospectus Supplement will describe any such
compensation paid by the Depositor.
Alternatively, the Prospectus Supplement may specify that the Certificates
will be distributed by Salomon acting as agent or in some cases as principal
with respect to Certificates which it has previously purchased or agreed to
purchase. If Salomon acts as agent in the sale of Certificates, Salomon will
receive a selling commission with respect to each series of Certificates,
depending on market conditions, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate
principal balance of the related Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date. The
exact percentage for each series of Certificates will be disclosed in the
related Prospectus Supplement. To the extent that Salomon elects to purchase
Certificates as principal, Salomon
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may realize losses or profits based upon the difference between its purchase
price and the sales price. The Prospectus Supplement with respect to any series
offered other than through underwriters will contain information regarding the
nature of such offering and any agreements to be entered into between the
Depositor and purchasers of Certificates of such series.
The Depositor will indemnify Salomon and any underwriters against certain
civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, or
will contribute to payments Salomon and any underwriters may be required to make
in respect thereof.
In the ordinary course of business, Salomon and the Depositor may engage in
various securities and financing transactions, including repurchase agreements
to provide interim financing of the Depositor's mortgage loans pending the sale
of such mortgage loans or interests therein, including the Certificates.
The Depositor anticipates that the Certificates will be sold primarily to
institutional investors. Purchasers of Certificates, including dealers, may,
depending on the facts and circumstances of such purchases, be deemed to be
"underwriters" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection
with reoffers and sales by them of Certificates. Certificateholders should
consult with their legal advisors in this regard prior to any such reoffer or
sale.
As to each series of Certificates, only those classes rated in one of the
four highest rating categories by any Rating Agency will be offered hereby. Any
unrated class may be initially retained by the Depositor, and may be sold by the
Depositor at any time to one or more institutional investors.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the Certificates will be passed
upon for the Depositor by Thacher Proffitt & Wood, New York, New York.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Depositor has determined that its financial statements are not material
to the offering made hereby. Any prospective purchaser that desires to review
financial information concerning the Depositor will be provided by the Depositor
on request with a copy of the most recent financial statements of the Depositor.
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INDEX OF PRINCIPAL DEFINITIONS
PAGE(S) ON WHICH
TERM IS DEFINED
IN THE
TERM PROSPECTUS
Accrual Certificates..........................................................6
Accrued Certificate Interest..................................................38
Agency Securities..........................................................Cover
Agreement.....................................................................29
ARM Loans..................................................................6, 12
Available Distribution Amount.................................................37
Bankruptcy Amount.............................................................48
Bankruptcy Bond...............................................................54
BIF...........................................................................27
Buydown Account...............................................................35
Buydown Funds.................................................................14
Buydown Mortgage Loans........................................................14
Buydown Mortgage Rate.........................................................14
Buydown Period................................................................14
Certificate Account........................................................8, 34
Certificate Principal Balance..............................................5, 38
Certificate Guarantee Insurance...............................................54
Certificates...................................................................5
Code...................................................................6, 30, 71
Commission.....................................................................4
Committee Report..............................................................74
Contracts.....................................................................12
Contributions Tax.............................................................85
Cooperative................................................................6, 12
Cooperative Loans..........................................................6, 12
Cooperative Notes.............................................................16
Cooperative Unit..............................................................12
Credit Insurance Instrument...................................................41
Credit Support.............................................................8, 30
Cut-off Date...................................................................9
Defaulted Mortgage Amount.....................................................48
Deficient Valuation...........................................................39
Deleted Mortgage Loan.........................................................32
Depositor.................................................................12, 25
Determination Date............................................................37
Distribution Date..............................................................8
DOL...........................................................................98
Due Period....................................................................37
ERISA.....................................................................11, 98
Event of Default..............................................................46
Exemption.....................................................................99
FDIC..........................................................................27
FHA............................................................................7
FHA Loans.....................................................................17
FHLMC......................................................................Cover
FHLMC Certificates.............................................................7
FNMA.......................................................................Cover
FNMA Certificates..............................................................7
GNMA.......................................................................Cover
GNMA Certificates..............................................................7
Issuer........................................................................17
Grantor Trust Certificates.................................................9, 72
Grantor Trust Fractional Interest Certificates............................10, 88
Grantor Trust Strip Certificates..........................................10, 89
Hazard Insurance Instrument...................................................41
Housing Act...................................................................17
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PAGE(S) ON WHICH
TERM IS DEFINED
IN THE
TERM PROSPECTUS
HUD...........................................................................56
Insurance Instruments.........................................................41
Insurance Proceeds............................................................35
Interest Rate..............................................................6, 12
Letter of Credit..............................................................50
Letter of Credit Bank.........................................................50
Liquidated Loan...............................................................38
Liquidation Proceeds..........................................................35
Loan-to-Value Ratio...........................................................13
Lockout Period................................................................24
Manufactured Home.............................................................16
Manufacturer's Invoice Price..................................................13
Master Servicer................................................................5
Mortgages.....................................................................16
Mortgage Loan Seller..........................................................12
Mortgage Loans..........................................................Cover, 6
Mortgage Notes................................................................16
Mortgage Pool..................................................................6
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy................................................51
Mortgaged Properties.......................................................6, 12
Multifamily Loans.............................................................12
Multifamily Properties........................................................12
Net Interest Rate.............................................................31
Nonrecoverable Advance........................................................39
OID Regulations...............................................................72
Optional Termination...........................................................9
Originator....................................................................12
Parties in Interest...........................................................98
Pass-Through Rate..............................................................5
Permitted Investments.........................................................34
Plans.........................................................................98
Prepayment Assumption.........................................................74
Prepayment Period.............................................................24
Private Mortgage-Backed Securities.........................................Cover
Prohibited Transactions Tax...................................................84
PTCE 83-1....................................................................100
Purchase Price................................................................28
Qualified Insurer.............................................................52
Rating Agency.................................................................31
Realized Loss.................................................................38
Record Date...................................................................37
Refinance Loan................................................................13
Related Proceeds..............................................................39
Relief Act....................................................................71
REMIC.....................................................................30, 72
REMIC Certificates............................................................72
REMIC Provisions..............................................................72
REMIC Regular Certificates.................................................9, 72
REMIC Regulations.............................................................72
REMIC Residual Certificates................................................9, 72
Reserve Fund..................................................................54
Residual Owner................................................................75
Restricted Group..............................................................99
Retained Interest.............................................................30
SAIF..........................................................................27
Scheduled Principal Balance...................................................49
Senior Certificates........................................................5, 30
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PAGE(S) ON WHICH
TERM IS DEFINED
IN THE
TERM PROSPECTUS
Senior Liens..................................................................12
Senior Percentage.............................................................38
Senior/Subordinate Series.....................................................30
Single-Family Loans...........................................................12
Single-Family Properties......................................................12
SMMEA....................................................................11, 100
Special Hazard Amount.........................................................48
Special Hazard Insurance Policy...............................................52
Special Hazard Realized Losses................................................48
Special Hazard Subordination Amount...........................................48
Stated Principal Balance......................................................29
Strip Certificates.........................................................5, 30
Stripped Interest.............................................................23
Sub-Servicer..................................................................42
Sub-Servicing Account.........................................................34
Sub-Servicing Agreement.......................................................42
Subordinate Certificates...................................................5, 30
Substitute Mortgage Loan......................................................32
Tiered REMICs.................................................................73
Trust Fund..............................................................Cover, 5
Trust Fund Asset...............................................................5
Trustee........................................................................5
Unrecovered Senior Portion....................................................49
VA Loans......................................................................17
Value.........................................................................13
Voting Rights.................................................................47
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No dealer, salesman or other person has been
authorized to give any information or to make any
representations other than those contained in this
prospectus supplement or the prospectus in
connection with the offer made by this prospectus
supplement and the prospectus and, if given or
made, such information or representations must not
be relied upon as having been authorized by the
underwriter. Neither the delivery of this
prospectus nor any sale made hereunder shall,
under any circumstances, create any implication
that there has been no change since the date
hereof. This prospectus supplement and the
prospectus do not constitute an offer or
solicitation by anyone in any jurisdiction in
which such offer or solicitation is not authorized
or in which the person making such offer or
solicitation is not qualified to do so or to
anyone to whom it is unlawful to make such
solicitation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
Summary of Prospectus Supplement........... S-4
The Mortgage Pool.......................... S-22
Yield on the Certificates.................. S-28
Description of the Certificates............ S-38
Pooling and Servicing Agreement............ S-53
Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences.... S-57
Method of Distribution..................... S-60
Secondary Market........................... S-60
Legal Opinions............................. S-60
Ratings.................................... S-61
Legal Investment........................... S-61
ERISA Considerations....................... S-62
PROSPECTUS
Summary of Prospectus...................... 5
The Trust Funds............................ 14
Use of Proceeds............................ 26
Yield Considerations....................... 26
Maturity and Prepayment Considerations..... 27
The Depositor.............................. 29
Mortgage Loan Program...................... 29
Description of the Certificates............ 33
Description of Credit Support.............. 53
Description of Primary Insurance Policies.. 61
Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans.... 63
Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences.... 79
State and Other Tax Considerations......... 108
Erisa Considerations....................... 108
Legal Investment........................... 111
Methods of Distribution.................... 112
Legal Matters.............................. 112
Financial Information...................... 113
Index of Principal Definitions............. 114
UNTIL AUGUST 21, 1996, ALL DEALERS EFFECTING
TRANSACTIONS IN THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES, WHETHER
OR NOT PARTICIPATING IN THIS DISTRIBUTION, MAY BE
REQUIRED TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND
THE PROSPECTUS IN WHICH IT RELATES. THIS DELIVERY
REQUIREMENT IS IN ADDITION TO THE OBLIGATION OF
DEALERS TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND
PROSPECTUS WHEN ACTING AS UNDERWRITERS AND WITH
RESPECT TO THEIR UNSOLD ALLOTMENTS OR
SUBSCRIPTION.
$148,127,099 (APPROXIMATE)
Mortgage Pass-Through
Certificate, Series 1996-2
Solomon Brothers Mortgage
Securities VII, Inc.
Depositor
Norwest Mortgage, Inc.
Servicer
----------------------------
SOLOMON BROTHERS INC
----------------------------
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
DATED MAY 21, 1996
