PUBLIC SERVICE CO OF NORTH CAROLINA INC
S-3, EX-25, 2000-09-06
NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION
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                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549


                                    FORM T-1


                       STATEMENT OF ELIGIBILITY UNDER THE
                        TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939 OF A
                    CORPORATION DESIGNATED TO ACT AS TRUSTEE


                            FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK
               (Exact name of trustee as specified in its charter)

United States National Bank
22-1147033
(State of incorporation if
(I.R.S. employer
not a national bank)
         identification no.)

First Union National Bank
230 South Tryon Street, 9th Floor
Charlotte, North Carolina
28288-1179
(Address of principal
(Zip Code)
executive offices)



                                Marcian Cromwell
                            First Union National Bank
                           1441 Main Street, Suite 440
                         Columbia, South Carolina 29201
                                 (803) 251-2582
                 (Name, address and telephone number, including
                   area code, of trustee's agent for service)


                    PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NORTH CAROLINA,
                     INCORPORATED (Exact name of obligor as
                            specified in its charter)

                             State of South Carolina
         (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

                                   56-2128483
                      (I.R.S. employer identification no.)

                       400 Cox Road, Post Office Box 1398
                       Gastonia, North Carolina 28053-1398
          (Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)
                              --------------------

                                Medium Term Notes
                       (Title of the indenture securities)
                              --------------------







<PAGE>



1. General information.  Furnish the following information as to the trustee:




            (a). Name and address of each  examining or  supervising  authority
                 to which it is subject.



                                  Name Address



                 Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Richmond, VA

                  Comptroller of the Currency ,Washington, D.C.

       Securities and Exchange Commission Division of Market Regulation,
                                Washington, D.C.

             Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C.

        (b) Whether it is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

          The trustee is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.



2. Affiliations with obligor and underwriters. If the obligor or any underwriter
for the obligor is an affiliate of the trustee, describe each such affiliation.

None.

(See Note 1 on Page 4.)


Because the obligor is not in default on any securities  issued under indentures
under  which the  applicant  is  trustee,  Items 3 through  15 are not  required
herein.

16.      List of Exhibits.

All  exhibits  identified  below  are  filed  as a part  of  this  statement  of
eligibility.



<PAGE>



                  1.       A copy of the  Articles  of  Association  of First
                           Union  National Bank as now in effect,  which contain
                           the  authority  to commence  business  and a grant of
                           powers to exercise corporate trust powers.

                  2.       A copy  of the  certificate  of  authority  of the
                           trustee to commence business, if not contained in the
                           Articles of Association.

                  3.       A  copy  of  the  authorization  of  the  trustee  to
                           exercise    corporate    trust   powers,    if   such
                           authorization  is  not  contained  in  the  documents
                           specified in exhibits (1) or (2) above.

                  4.       A  copy  of  the  existing  By-laws  of  First  Union
                           National Bank, or instruments corresponding thereto.
                  5.       Inapplicable.

                  6.       The consent of the trustee required by Section 321(b)
                           of the Trust  Indenture  Act of 1939 is  included  at
                           Page 4 of this Form T-1 Statement.

                  7.       A copy  of the  latest  report  of  condition  of the
                           trustee   published   pursuant   to  law  or  to  the
                           requirements   of  its   supervising   or   examining
                           authority is attached hereto.

                  8.       Inapplicable.

                  9.       Inapplicable.



<PAGE>



                                      NOTE

Note  1:Inasmuch  as this Form T-1 is filed  prior to the  ascertainment  by the
Trustee of all facts on which to base a responsive  answer to Item 2, the answer
to said  Item is  based  on  incomplete  information.  Item 2 may,  however,  be
considered correct unless amended by an amendment to this Form T-1.


                                    SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, the
trustee,  First  Union  National  Bank,  a national  association  organized  and
existing  under the laws of the United  States of America,  has duly caused this
statement of  eligibility  and  qualification  to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, all in the City of Columbia and State of
South Carolina, on the 29th day of August, 2000.

                                       FIRST UNION
                                       NATIONAL BANK
                                        (trustee)


                                By:/S/ MARCIAN CROMWELL
                                      Marcian Cromwell
                                   Its: Assistant Vice President


                               CONSENT OF TRUSTEE

         Under  section  321(b) of the Trust  Indenture Act of 1939, as amended,
and in connection with the proposed  issuance by Public Service Company of North
Carolina,  Incorporated,  First Union National Bank as the trustee herein named,
hereby consents that reports of examinations of said Trustee by Federal,  State,
Territorial or District  authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the
Securities and Exchange Commission upon requests therefor.

                                     FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK


                                     By: /S/ MARCIAN CROMWELL
                                           Marcian Cromwell
                                        Title: Assistant Vice President


Dated: August 29, 2000


<PAGE>


Legal Title of Bank:                                   First Union National Bank
Call Date: 6/30/2000     FFIEC 031
Address:          Two First Union Center                               Page RC-1
City, State, Zip: Charlotte, NC  28288-0201
FDIC Certificate #:        33869




Consolidated Report of Condition for Insured Commercial
and State-Chartered Savings Banks for June 30, 2000

All  schedules  are to be reported in  thousands  of dollars.  Unless  otherwise
indicated,  report the amount  outstanding  as of the last  business  day of the
quarter.

Schedule RC--Balance Sheet
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                      C400
<S>                                                          <C>             <C>    <C>            <C>
                                              Dollar Amount in Thousands    RCFD Bil Mil Thou
ASSETS
 1.  Cash and balances due from depository institutions
     (from Schedule RC-A):
      a.  Noninterest-bearing balances and currency and coin (1)............ 0081   8,589,000      1.a.
      b.  Interest-bearing balances (2)..................................... 0071   1,556,000      1.b.
 2.  Securities:
      a.  Held-to-maturity securities (from Schedule RC-B, column A)........ 1754   1,602,000      2.a.
      b.  Available-for-sale securities (from Schedule RC-B, column D)...... 1773
51,963,000           2.b.
 3.  Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell. 1350    4,657,000     3.
 4. Loans and lease financing receivables /////////////////////////
      a.  Loans and leases, net of unearned income (from Schedule RC-C) RCFD 2122  138,760,000     4.a.
      b.  LESS: Allowance for loan and lease losses                     RCFD 3123    2,010,000     4.b.
      c.  LESS: Allocated transfer risk reserve                         RCFD 3128       0
      d.  Loans and leases, net of unearned income,
       allowance, and reserve (item 4.a minus 4.b and 4.c).................. 2125  136,750,000    4. d.
 5.  Trading assets (from Schedule RC-D....................................  3545
11,417,000            5.
 6.  Premises and fixed assets (including capitalized leases)..............  2145   3,109,000      6.
 7.  Other real estate owned (from Schedule RC-M)..........................  2150      99,000      7.
 8.  Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies
       (from Schedule RC-M)                                                  2130     253,000      8.
 9.  Customers' liability to this bank on acceptances outstanding..........  2155     839,000      9.
10.  Intangible assets (from Schedule RC-M)................................  2143   3,085,000     10.
11.  Other assets (from Schedule RC-F).....................................  2160  12,184,000     11.
12.  Total assets (sum of items 1 through 11)..............................  2170 236,103,000     12.

----------
(1)  Includes  cash items in process of  collection  and  unposted  debits.  (2)
Includes time certificates of deposit not held for trading.




<PAGE>


First Union National Bank                        Call Date: 6/30/2000  FFIEC 031
Address:          Two First Union Center                               Page RC-1
City, State, Zip: Charlotte, NC  28288-0201
FDIC Certificate #:        33869


Schedule RC--Continued

                               Dollar Amounts i n Thousands         Bil Mil Thou
LIABILITIES
<S>                                                          <C>            <C>     <C>         <C>
13.  Deposits:
      a.  In domestic offices (sum of totals of columns A and C from Schedule RC-E,
           part I)...................................................  RCON  2200   134,699,000   13.a.
             (1)  Noninterest-bearing (1)                              RCON  6631    20,265,000   13.a.(1)
     (2)  Interest-bearing...............................              RCON  6636   114,434,000   13.a.(2)
      b.  In foreign offices, Edge and Agreement subsidiaries, and IBFs
           (from Schedule RC-E, part II).................. ...........  RCFN 2200    12,861,000    13.b.
    (1)  Noninterest-bearing................................RCFN 6631         586,000              13.b.(1)
    (2)  Interest-bearing...................................RCFN 6636      12,275,000              13.b.(2)
14.  Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements
        to repurchase.                                                  RCFD 2800     27,854,000   14.
15.   a.  Demand notes issued to the U.S. Treasury....................  RCON 2840      4,286,000   15.a.
      b.  Trading liabilities (from Schedule RC-D)....................  RCFD 3548      6,718,000   15.b.
16.  Other borrowed money (includes mortgage indebtedness and obligations under
       capitalized leases):...............................................
      a.  With a remaining maturity of one year or less...............  RCFD 2332 16,985,000   16.a.
      b.  With a remaining maturity of more than one year
            through three years.......................................  RCFD A547  3,181,000   16.b.
      c.  With a remaining maturity of more than three years..........  RCFD A548  1,838,000   16.c.
17.  Not applicable....................................................
18.  Bank's liability on acceptances executed and outstanding.......... RCFD 2920    847,000   18.
19.  Subordinated notes and debentures (2)..............................RCFD 3200  4,994,000   19.
20.  Other liabilities (from Schedule RC-G).............................RCFD 2930  6,797,000   20.
21.  Total liabilities (sum of items 13 through 20).....................RCFD 2948221,060,000   21.
22.  Not applicable.....................................................
EQUITY CAPITAL                                                          /
23.  Perpetual preferred stock and related surplus......................RCFD 3838    161,000   23.
24.  Common stock.......................................................RCFD 3230    455,000   24.
25.  Surplus (exclude all surplus related to preferred stock)...........RCFD 3839 13,306,000   25.
26.  a.  Undivided profits and capital reserves.........................RCFD 3632 2,296,000    26.a.
         b.  Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on
             available-for-sale securities                              RCFD 8434(1,170,000)   26.b.
    c.  Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges..............RCFD 4336        0     26 c.
27.  Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments................RCFD 3284    (5,000)   27.
28.  Total equity capital (sum of items 23 through 27)..................RCFD 3210 15,043,000   28.
29.  Total liabilities and equity capital (sum of items 21 and 28)......RCFD 3300236,103,000   29.

</TABLE>


Memorandum
To be reported only with the March Report of Condition.
 1.  Indicate in the box at the right the number of the
     statement below that best describes the
     most comprehensive level of auditing work
     performed for the bank by independent external               Number
      auditors as of any date during 1999.................. RCFD 6724 N/A M.1.



<PAGE>


First Union National Bank                      Call Date: 6/30/2000   FFIEC 031
Address:          Two First Union Center                              Page RC-1
City, State, Zip: Charlotte, NC  28288-0201
FDIC Certificate #:        33869



1 =Independent audit of the bank conducted in accordance with generally accepted
auditing  standards by a certified public accounting firm which submits a report
on the bank 2 =Independent  audit of the bank's parent holding company conducted
in accordance with generally  accepted auditing  standards by a certified public
accounting firm which submits a report on the consolidated  holding company (but
not on the bank  separately) 3 =Directors'  examination of the bank conducted in
accordance  with generally  accepted  auditing  standards by a certified  public
accounting firm (may be required by state chartering authority)


4 =Directors'  examination of the bank performed by other external auditors (may
be required by state  chartering  authority)  5 =Review of the bank's  financial
statements  by  external   auditors  6  =Compilation  of  the  bank's  financial
statements  by  external  auditors  7 =Other  audit  procedures  (excluding  tax
preparation  work) 8 =No external audit work (1) Includes total demand  deposits
and  noninterest-bearing  time and savings  deposit.  (2) Includes  limited-life
preferred stock and related surplus.






<PAGE>




                                Charter No. 22693


                            FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK

                             ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
                    (as restated effective February 26, 1998)


For the purpose of organizing an Association to carry on the business of banking
under the laws of the United States, the undersigned do enter into the following
Articles of Association:

FIRST.  The title of this Association shall be FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK.

SECOND.  The main office of the  Association  shall be in  Charlotte,  County of
Mecklenburg,  State of North Carolina.  The general  business of the Association
shall be conducted at its main office and its branches.

THIRD. The Board of Directors of this Association shall consist of not less than
five nor more than twenty-five  directors,  the exact number of directors within
such minimum and maximum limits to be fixed and determined  from time to time by
resolution  of a majority of the full Board of Directors or by resolution of the
shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. Unless otherwise provided
by the laws of the United States,  any vacancy in the Board of Directors for any
reason,  including an increase in the number thereof, may be filled by action of
the Board of Directors.

FOURTH. The annual meeting of the shareholders for the election of directors and
the  transaction  of whatever  other business may be brought before said meeting
shall be held at the main office or such other  place as the Board of  Directors
may designate, on the day of each year specified therefor in the By-Laws, but if
no election is held on that day, it may be held on any  subsequent day according
to the  provisions  of law; and all  elections  shall be held  according to such
lawful regulations as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors.

Nominations  for election to the Board of Directors  may be made by the Board of
Directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the
bank entitled to vote for election of directors.  Nominations,  other than those
made by or on behalf of the existing  management  of the bank,  shall be made in
writing and shall be delivered or mailed to the President of the bank and to the
Comptroller  of the Currency,  Washington,  D.C., not less than 14 days nor more
than 50 days prior to any  meeting of  stockholders  called for the  election of
directors,  provided,  however, that if less than 21 days' notice of the meeting
is given to  shareholders,  such nomination  shall be mailed or delivered to the
President of the Bank and to the  Comptroller of the Currency not later than the
close of business on the  seventh day  following  the day on which the notice of
meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to
the extent known to the notifying shareholder:  (a) the name and address of each
proposed nominee; (b) the principal occupation of each proposed nominee; (c) the
total number of shares of capital  stock of the bank that will be voted for each
proposed  nominee;   (d)  the  name  and  residence  address  of  the  notifying
shareholder;  and (e) the number of shares of capital stock of the bank owned by
the notifying  shareholder.  Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in
his  discretion,  be  disregarded  by the Chairman of the meeting,  and upon his
instructions,  the vote  tellers  may  disregard  all  votes  cast for each such
nominee.


FIFTH.

(a)  General.  The  amount of  capital  stock of this  Association  shall be (I)
25,000,000  shares of common stock of the par value of twenty  dollars  ($20.00)
each (the "Common  Stock") and (ii) 160,540 shares of preferred stock of the par
value of one  dollar  ($ 1. 00) each  (the  "Non-Cumulative  Preferred  Stock"),
having the rights,  privileges and preferences set forth below, but said capital
stock may be  increased or decreased  from time to time in  accordance  with the
provisions of the laws of the United States.

               (b)  Terms of the Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock.

    1. General. Each share of Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock shall be identical
    in all respects with the other shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock. The
    authorized number of shares of Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock may from time
    to  time  be  increased  or  decreased   (but  not  below  the  number  then
    outstanding) by the Board of Directors.  Shares of Non-Cumulative  Preferred
    Stock  redeemed by the  Association  shall be canceled  and shall  revert to
    authorized but unissued shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock.

    2.  Dividends.

         (a) General.  The holders of  Non-Cumulative  Preferred  Stock shall be
         entitled  to  receive,  when,  as  and if  declared  by  the  Board  of
         Directors,   but  only  out  of  funds  legally   available   therefor,
         non-cumulative  cash  dividends at the annual rate of $83.75 per share,
         and no more,  payable  quarterly on the first days of December,  March,
         June and  September,  respectively,  in each year with  respect  to the
         quarterly  dividend  period  (or  portion  thereof)  ending  on the day
         preceding such  respective  dividend  payment date, to  shareholders of
         record on the respective  date, not exceeding fifty days preceding such
         dividend payment date, fixed for that purpose by the Board of Directors
         in advance of payment of each particular dividend.  Notwithstanding the
         foregoing,  the cash dividend to be paid on the first dividend  payment
         date after the initial issuance of  Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock and
         on any dividend  payment date with respect to a partial dividend period
         shall be $83.75  per  share  multiplied  by the  fraction  produced  by
         dividing  the  number of days since such  initial  issuance  or in such
         partial dividend period, as the case may be, by 360.

         (b) Non-cumulative Dividends. Dividends on the shares of Non-cumulative
         Stock shall not be cumulative and no rights shall accrue to the holders
         of shares of Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock by reason of the fact that
         the  Association  may fail to declare or pay dividends on the shares of
         Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock in any amount in any quarterly dividend
         period, whether or not the earnings of the Association in any quarterly
         dividend  period were  sufficient to pay such  dividends in whole or in
         part, and the  Association  shall have no obligation at any time to pay
         any such dividend.

         (c)  Payment  of  Dividends.  So long as any  share  of  Non-Cumulative
         Preferred Stock remains  outstanding,  no dividend  whatsoever shall be
         paid or declared  and no  distribution  made on any junior  stock other
         than a dividend  payable in junior stock, and no shares of junior stock
         shall be purchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired for consideration by
         the  Association,  directly or indirectly  (other than as a result of a
         reclassification  of junior stock, or the exchange or conversion of one
         junior stock for or into another  junior  stock,  or other than through
         the use of the  proceeds  of a  substantially  contemporaneous  sale of
         other   junior   stock),   unless  all   dividends  on  all  shares  of
         non-cumulative  Preferred  Stock  and  non-cumulative  Preferred  Stock
         ranking on a parity as to dividends  with the shares of  Non-Cumulative
         Preferred  Stock for the most recent dividend period ended prior to the
         date of such  payment or  declaration  shall have been paid in full and
         all dividends on all shares of cumulative  Preferred Stock ranking on a
         parity  as  to  dividends  with  the  shares  of  Non-Cumulative  Stock
         (notwithstanding  that dividends on such stock are  cumulative) for all
         past  dividend  periods  shall  have been paid in full.  Subject to the
         foregoing, and not otherwise, such dividends (payable in cash, stock or
         otherwise)  as may be  determined  by the  Board  of  Directors  may be
         declared  and paid on any  junior  stock  from  time to time out of any
         funds legally  available  therefor,  and the  Non-Cumulative  Preferred
         Stock  shall not be  entitled  to  participate  in any such  dividends,
         whether payable in cash, stock or otherwise. No dividends shall be paid
         or  declared  upon any  shares  of any  class or series of stock of the
         Association  ranking on a parity  (whether  dividends on such stock are
         cumulative or non-cumulative)  with the Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock
         in the payment of  dividends  for any period  unless at or prior to the
         time of such  payment  or  declaration  all  dividends  payable  on the
         Non-cumulative  Preferred  Stock for the most  recent  dividend  period
         ended prior to the date of such payment or declaration  shall have been
         paid in full.  When dividends are not paid in full, as aforesaid,  upon
         the  Non-Cumulative  Preferred  Stock and any other series of Preferred
         Stock  ranking on a parity as to dividends  (whether  dividends on such
         stock  are  cumulative  or  non-cumulative)   with  the  Non-Cumulative
         Preferred  Stock,  all  dividends   declared  upon  the  Non-Cumulative
         Preferred  Stock and any other series of Preferred  Stock  ranking on a
         parity as to dividends with the Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock shall be
         declared pro rata so that the amount of dividends declared per share on
         the Non-cumulative Preferred Stock and such other Preferred Stock shall
         in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that  accrued  dividends
         per  share on the  Non-Cumulative  Preferred  Stock  (but  without  any
         accumulation  in  respect of any unpaid  dividends  for prior  dividend
         periods on the shares of Non-Cumulative Stock) and such other Preferred
         Stock  bear to each  other.  No  interest,  or sum of  money in lieu of
         interest,  shall be  payable  in  respect  of any  dividend  payment or
         payments on the Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock which may be in arrears.



<PAGE>



4.   Voting.  The holders of  Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock shall not have any
     right to vote for the election of directors or for any other purpose.

5.       Redemption.

                  (a) Optional Redemption. The Association, at the option of the
                  Board of  Directors,  may  redeem the whole or any part of the
                  shares  of   Non-Cumulative   Preferred   Stock  at  the  time
                  outstanding,  at any time or from time to time after the fifth
                  anniversary   of  the  date  of   original   issuance  of  the
                  Non-Cumulative   Preferred   Stock,   upon  notice   given  as
                  hereinafter specified, at the redemption price per share equal
                  to $1,000  plus an amount  equal to the amount of accrued  and
                  unpaid  dividends  from  the  immediately  preceding  dividend
                  payment  date  (but  without  any   accumulation   for  unpaid
                  dividends  for  prior  dividend   periods  on  the  shares  of
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock) to the redemption date.

                                    (b) Procedures.  Notice of every  redemption
                  of shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock shall be mailed by
                  first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the holders of
                  record of the shares to be redeemed at their  respective  last
                  addresses   as  they   shall   appear  on  the  books  of  the
                  Association.  Such  mailing  shall be at least 10 days and not
                  more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for redemption.  Any
                  notice which is mailed in the manner herein  provided shall be
                  conclusively  presumed to have been duly given, whether or not
                  the shareholder receives such notice, and failure duly to give
                  such  notice by mail,  or any  defect in such  notice,  to any
                  holder of shares of Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock designated
                  for   redemption   shall  not  affect  the   validity  of  the
                  proceedings   for  the  redemption  of  any  other  shares  of
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock.

                           In case of redemption of a part only of the shares of
                  Non-Cumulative  Preferred  Stock at the time  outstanding  the
                  redemption  may be either  pro rata or by lot or by such other
                  means as the  Board of  Directors  of the  Association  in its
                  discretion shall determine.  The Board of Directors shall have
                  full power and  authority,  subject to the  provisions  herein
                  contained,  to prescribe the terms and  conditions  upon which
                  shares of the Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock shall be redeemed
                  from time to time.

         If notice of  redemption  shall  have been duly  given,  and,  if on or
         before the redemption date specified  therein,  all funds necessary for
         such redemption shall have been set aside by the Association,  separate
         and apart from its other  funds,  in trust for the pro rata  benefit of
         the  holders  of the  shares  called  for  redemption,  so as to be and
         continue  to be  available  therefor,  then,  notwithstanding  that any
         certificate  for  shares so called for  redemption  shall not have been
         surrendered for cancellation, all shares so called for redemption shall
         no longer be deemed  outstanding on and after such redemption date, and
         all  rights  with  respect  to  such  shares  shall  forthwith  on such
         redemption  date  cease  and  terminate,  except  only the right of the
         holders  thereof to, receive the amount payable on redemption  thereof,
         without interest.

         If such  notice of  redemption  shall  have  been duly  given or if the
         Association  shall have given to the bank or trust company  hereinafter
         referred to  irrevocable  authorization  promptly to give such  notice,
         and, if on or before the redemption date specified  therein,  the funds
         necessary  for  such  redemption  shall  have  been  deposited  by  the
         Association  with such bank or trust  company in trust for the pro rata
         benefit  of the  holders of the shares  called  for  redemption,  then,
         notwithstanding   that  any   certificate  for  shares  so  called  for
         redemption shall not have been surrendered for  cancellation,  from and
         after the time of such  deposit,  all shares so called  for  redemption
         shall no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights with respect
         to such shares shall  forthwith  cease and  terminate,  except only the
         right of the holders thereof to receive from such bank or trust company
         at any time  after the time of such  deposit  the  funds so  deposited,
         without  interest.  The  aforesaid  bank  or  trust  company  shall  be
         organized and in good  standing  under the laws of the United States of
         America or any state thereof, shall have capital, surplus and undivided
         profits  aggregating  at  least  $50,000,000   according  to  its  last
         published statement of condition, and shall be identified in the notice
         of redemption.  Any interest accrued on such funds shall be paid to the
         Association  from time to time.  In case  fewer  than all the shares of
         Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock  represented by a stock certificate are
         redeemed, a new certificate shall be issued representing the unredeemed
         shares without cost to the holder thereof.

         Any funds so set aside or deposited,  as the case may be, and unclaimed
         at the end of the relevant  escheat period under  applicable  state law
         from such  redemption  date shall,  to the extent  permitted by law, be
         released  or repaid  to the  Association,  after  which  repayment  the
         holders of the shares so called for  redemption  shall look only to the
         Association for payment thereof.

         5.       Liquidation.

         (a) Liquidation Preference.  In the event of any voluntary liquidation,
         dissolution  or  winding  up of the  affairs  of the  Association,  the
         holders of Non-cumulative Preferred Stock shall be entitled, before any
         distribution  or payment is made to the holders of any junior stock, to
         be paid in full an amount per share equal to an amount  equal to $1,000
         plus an amount equal to the amount of accrued and unpaid  dividends per
         share from the immediately preceding dividend payment date (but without
         any accumulation for unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods on the
         shares  of   Non-cumulative   Preferred   Stock)   per  share  to  such
         distribution or payment date (the "liquidation amount").

         In the event of any involuntary liquidation,  dissolution or winding up
         of the affairs of the  Association,  then,  before any  distribution or
         payment shall be made to the holders of any junior  stock,  the holders
         of Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock shall be entitled to be paid in full
         an amount per share equal to the liquidation amount.

         If such  payment  shall have been made in full to all holders of shares
         of  Non-Cumulative   Preferred  Stock,  the  remaining  assets  of  the
         Association  shall be  distributed  among the holders of junior  stock,
         according to their  respective  rights and preferences and in each case
         according to their respective numbers of shares.

         (b) Insufficient  Assets. In the event that, upon any such voluntary or
         involuntary  liquidation,  dissolution  or winding  up,  the  available
         assets of the  Association  are  insufficient  to pay such  liquidation
         amount on all outstanding  shares of  Non-cumulative  Preferred  Stock,
         then the holders of Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock shall share ratably
         in any  distribution  of assets in  proportion  to the full  amounts to
         which they would otherwise be respectively entitled.

         (c)  Interpretation.   For  the  purposes  of  this  paragraph  5,  the
         consolidation or merger of the Association  with any other  corporation
         or  association  shall  not be  deemed  to  constitute  a  liquidation,
         dissolution or winding up of the Association.

               6. Preemptive Rights.  The Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock is not
               entitled to any preemptive, subscription,  conversion or exchange
               rights in respect of any securities of the Association.

               7. Definitions. As used herein with respect to the Non-Cumulative
               Preferred  Stock,  the  following  terms shall have the following
               meanings:

         (a) The term  "junior  stock" shall mean the Common Stock and any other
         class or series of shares of the Association  hereafter authorized over
         which the Non-Cumulative  Preferred Stock has preference or priority in
         the  payment  of  dividends  or in the  distribution  of  assets on any
         liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Association.

         (b) The term  "accrued  dividends",  with  respect  to any share of any
         class or series,  shall mean an amount  computed at the annual dividend
         rate for the class or series of which the  particular  share is a part,
         from, if such share is cumulative,  the date on which dividends on such
         share  became  cumulative  to and  including  the  date to  which  such
         dividends are to be accrued, less the aggregate amount of all dividends
         theretofore  paid  thereon  and,  if such share is  noncumulative,  the
         relevant  date  designated  to and  including  the date to  which  such
         dividends  are  accrued,  less the  aggregate  amount of all  dividends
         theretofore paid with respect to such period.

         (c) The term "Preferred Stock" shall mean all outstanding shares of all
         series of preferred stock of the Association as defined in this Article
         Fifth of the Articles of Association, as amended, of the Association.

               8. Restriction on Transfer. No shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred
               Stock, or any interest therein, may be sold, pledged, transferred
               or otherwise disposed of without the prior written consent of the
               Association.  The  foregoing  restriction  shall be stated on any
               certificate for any shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock.

               9.  Additional  Rights.  The shares of  Non-Cumulative  Preferred
               Stock  shall not have any  relative,  participating,  optional or
               other special rights and powers other than as set forth herein.

SIXTH. The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members President of this
Association,  who shall be  Chairman  of the Board,  unless  the Board  appoints
another director to be the Chairman. The Board of Directors shall have the power
to appoint one or more Vice  Presidents;  and to appoint a cashier or such other
officers  and  employees  as may be required to  transact  the  business of this
Association.

The Board of Directors shall have the power to define the duties of the officers
and  employees of the  Association,  to fix the salaries to be paid to them;  to
dismiss  them,  to require  bonds from them and to fix the penalty  thereof;  to
regulate  the manner in which any  increase  of the  capital of the  Association
shall be made;  to  manage  and  administer  the  business  and  affairs  of the
Association;  to make all  By-Laws  that it may be lawful for them to make;  and
generally  to do and  perform  all  acts  that it may be  legal  for a Board  of
Directors to do and perform.

SEVENTH.  The Board of Directors  shall have the power to change the location of
the main  office to any other  place  within  the  limits  of  Charlotte,  North
Carolina,  without the approval of the  shareholders but subject to the approval
of the  Comptroller  of the  Currency;  and shall have the power to establish or
change the  location of any branch or branches of the  Association  to any other
location,  without the approval of the  shareholders but subject to the approval
of the Comptroller of the Currency.

EIGHTH.  The  corporate  existence  of this  Association  shall  continue  until
terminated in accordance with the laws of the United States.

NINTH.  The  Board  of  Directors  of this  Association,  or any  three  or more
shareholders owning, in the aggregate,  not less than 10 percent of the stock of
this Association, may call a special meeting of shareholders at any time. Unless
otherwise  provided  by the laws of the  United  States,  a notice  of the time,
place, and purpose of every annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall
be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed at least ten days prior to
the date of such meeting to each  shareholder  of record at his address as shown
upon the books of this Association.

TENTH.  Each  director  and  executive  officer  of this  Association  shall  be
indemnified by the association  against  liability in any proceeding  (including
without  limitation  a  proceeding  brought  by or on behalf of the  Association
itself)  arising  out of his status as such or his  activities  in either of the
foregoing capacities, except for any liability incurred on account of activities
which were at the time taken  known or  believed by such person to be clearly in
conflict with the best interests of the Association.  Liabilities  incurred by a
director or executive officer of the Association in defending a proceeding shall
be  paid  by the  Association  in  advance  of the  final  disposition  of  such
proceeding  upon receipt of an undertaking by the director or executive  officer
to repay  such  amount  if it  shall  be  determined,  as  provided  in the last
paragraph of this Article  Tenth,  that he is not entitled to be  indemnified by
the Association against such liabilities.

The  indemnity  against  liability  in the  preceding  paragraph of this Article
Tenth,  including  liabilities  incurred  in  defending a  proceeding,  shall be
automatic and self-operative.

Any director,  officer or employee of this Association who serves at the request
of the  Association as a director,  officer,  employee or agent of a charitable,
not-for-profit,  religious,  educational or hospital  corporation,  partnership,
joint  venture,  trust  or other  enterprise,  or a trade  association,  or as a
trustee or  administrator  under an employee  benefit plan, or who serves at the
request of the  Association  as a  director,  officer or  employee of a business
corporation in connection with the  administration  of an estate or trust by the
Association, shall have the right to be indemnified by the Association,  subject
to the  provisions  set forth in the following  paragraph of this Article Tenth,
against  liabilities in any manner arising out of or attributable to such status
or activities in any such capacity, except for any liability incurred on account
of  activities  which were at the time taken known or believed by such person to
be clearly in conflict  with the best  interests of the  Association,  or of the
corporation,  partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise, Association or plan
being served by such person.

In the case of all persons  except the directors  and executive  officers of the
Association,   the   determination   of   whether  a  person  is   entitled   to
indemnification  under the  preceding  paragraph of this Article  Tenth shall be
made  by and in the  sole  discretion  of the  Chief  Executive  Officer  of the
Association.  In the  case  of  the  directors  and  executive  officers  of the
Association,  the indemnity against liability in the preceding paragraph of this
Article Tenth shall be automatic and self-operative.

For purposes of this Article Tenth of these  Articles of  Association  only, the
following terms shall have the meanings indicated:

(a)  "Association"  means First Union  National Bank and its direct and indirect
wholly-owned subsidiaries.

(b) "Director" means an individual who is or was a director of the Association.

(c) "Executive officer" means an officer of the Association who by resolution of
the Board of Directors of the Association has been determined to be an executive
officer of the  Association  for purposes of Regulation O of the Federal Reserve
Board.

(d)  "Liability"  means the obligation to pay a judgment,  settlement,  penalty,
fine  (including  an excise tax  assessed  with  respect to an employee  benefit
plan), or reasonable  expenses,  including  counsel fees and expenses,  incurred
with respect to a proceeding.

(e) "Party"  includes an  individual  who was, is, or is threatened to be made a
named defendant or respondent in a proceeding.

(f) "Proceeding"  means any threatened,  pending,  or completed  claim,  action,
suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal,  administrative,  or investigative
and whether formal or informal.

The  Association  shall have no obligation to indemnify any person for an amount
paid in settlement of a proceeding unless the Association consents in writing to
such settlement.

The right to indemnification  herein provided for shall apply to persons who are
directors,  officers, or employees of banks or other entities that are hereafter
merged or otherwise  combined with the Association only after the effective date
of such merger or other  combination  and only as to their status and activities
after such date.

The right to  indemnification  herein provided for shall inure to the benefit of
the heirs and legal representatives of any person entitled to such right.

    No revocation  of, change in, or adoption of any  resolution or provision in
the Articles of Association  or By-laws of the  Association  inconsistent  with,
this Article Tenth shall adversely  affect the rights of any director,  officer,
or employee of the Association  with respect to (i) any proceeding  commenced or
threatened prior to such revocation, change, or adoption, or (ii) any proceeding
arising out of any act or omission  occurring prior to such revocation,  change,
or  adoption,  in either  case,  without the written  consent of such  director,
officer, or employee.

The rights  hereunder  shall be in  addition to and not  exclusive  of any other
rights to which a  director,  officer,  or employee  of the  Association  may be
entitled under any statute, agreement, insurance policy, or otherwise.

The  Association  shall have the power to purchase  and  maintain  insurance  on
behalf of any person  who is or was a  director,  officer,  or  employee  of the
Association,  or is or was  serving  at the  request  of  the  Association  as a
director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture,  trust, trade association,  employee benefit plan, or other enterprise,
against any liability  asserted against such director,  officer,  or employee in
any such  capacity,  or arising out of their status as such,  whether or not the
Association  would  have the  power to  indemnify  such  director,  officer,  or
employee against such liability, excluding insurance coverage for a formal order
assessing civil money penalties against an Association director or employee.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided herein, no person shall have a
right to  indemnification  with  respect to any  liability  (i)  incurred  in an
administrative proceeding or action instituted by an appropriate bank regulatory
agency which proceeding or action results in a final order assessing civil money
penalties or requiring affirmative action by an individual or individuals in the
form of payments to the Association,  (ii) to the extent such person is entitled
to receive payment  therefor under any insurance policy or from any corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust, trade association,  employee benefit plan, or
other enterprise other than the Association, or (iii) to the extent that a court
of  competent  jurisdiction  determines  that  such  indemnification  is void or
prohibited under state or federal law.

ELEVENTH. These Articles of Association may be amended at any regular or special
meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority
of the stock of this Association, unless the vote of holders of a greater amount
of stock is  required  by law,  and in that case,  by the vote of the holders of
such greater amount.




<PAGE>









                                   BY-LAWS OF

                            FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK

                                Charter No. 22693


                     As Restated Effective February 26, 1998




<PAGE>




                                    BYLAWS OF

                            FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK


                                    ARTICLE I

                            Meetings of Shareholders

Section  1.1 Annual  Meeting.  The annual  meeting of the  shareholders  for the
election of  directors  and for the  transaction  of such other  business as may
properly  come before the meeting shall be held on the third Tuesday of April in
each year,  commencing  with the year 1998,  except that the Board of  Directors
may,  from time to time and upon  passage of a resolution  specifically  setting
forth its  reasons,  set such  other date for such  meeting  during the month of
April as the Board of Directors  may deem  necessary or  appropriate;  provided,
however, that if an annual meeting would otherwise fall on a legal holiday, then
such annual  meeting  shall be held on the second  business day  following  such
legal holiday.  The holders of a majority of the outstanding  shares entitled to
vote which are represented at any meeting of the shareholders may choose persons
to act as Chairman and as Secretary of the meeting.

Section 1.2  Special  Meetings.  Except as  otherwise  specifically  provided by
statute,  special  meetings of the shareholders may be called for any purpose at
any time by the Board of Directors or by any three or more shareholders  owning,
in the  aggregate,  not less than ten  percent of the stock of the  Association.
Every such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be called by
mailing,  postage  prepaid,  not less than ten days  prior to the date fixed for
such meeting,  to each shareholder at his address  appearing on the books of the
Association, a notice stating the purpose of the meeting.

Section 1.3 Nominations for Directors.  Nominations for election to the Board of
Directors  may be made by the Board of  Directors or by any  stockholder  of any
outstanding class of capital stock of the bank entitled to vote for the election
of directors. Nominations, other than those made by or on behalf of the existing
management  of the bank,  shall be made in  writing  and shall be  delivered  or
mailed to the  President  of the Bank and to the  Comptroller  of the  Currency,
Washington,  D. C.,  not less  than 14 days nor more  than 50 days  prior to any
meeting of stockholders called for the election of directors,  provided however,
that if less than 21 days' notice of such meeting is given to shareholders, such
nomination  shall be mailed or delivered to the President of the Bank and to the
Comptroller  of the Currency not later than the close of business on the seventh
day  following  the  day on  which  the  notice  of  meeting  was  mailed.  Such
notification shall contain the following  information to the extent known to the
notifying  shareholder:  (a) the name and address of each proposed nominee;  (b)
the  principal  occupation  of each  proposed  nominee;  (c) the total number of
shares  of  capital  stock of the bank  that  will be  voted  for each  proposed
nominee;  (d) the name and residence address of the notifying  shareholder;  and
(e) the  number of shares of capital  stock of the bank  owned by the  notifying
shareholder. Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his discretion,
be disregarded by the chairman of the meeting,  and upon his  instructions,  the
vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for each such nominee.

Section 1.4 Judges of Election. The Board may at any time appoint from among the
shareholders three or more persons to serve as Judges of Election at any meeting
of  shareholders;  to act as judges  and  tellers  with  respect to all votes by
ballot  at  such  meeting  and to file  with  the  Secretary  of the  meeting  a
Certificate under their hands, certifying the result thereof.

Section 1.5 Proxies. Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the shareholders by
proxies  duly  authorized  in  writing,  but no  officer  or  employee  of  this
Association shall act as proxy.  Proxies shall be valid only for one meeting, to
be specified  therein,  and any  adjournments of such meeting.  Proxies shall be
dated and shall be filed with the records of the meeting.

Section 1.6 Quorum. A majority of the outstanding capital stock,  represented in
person or by proxy,  shall  constitute a quorum at any meeting of  shareholders,
unless  otherwise  provided  by law;  but less  than a quorum  may  adjourn  any
meeting,  from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned,  without
further  notice.  A majority of the votes cast shall  decide  every  question or
matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting,  unless otherwise  provided
by law or by the Articles of Association.

         ARTICLE II

         Directors

Section 2.1 Board of Directors.  The Board of Directors (hereinafter referred to
as the  "Board"),  shall have power to manage and  administer  the  business and
affairs of the  Association.  Except as expressly  limited by law, all corporate
powers of the Association shall be vested in and may be exercised by said Board.

Section 2.2 Number.  The Board shall consist of not less than five nor more than
twentyfive directors, the exact number within such minimum and maximum limits to
be fixed and  determined  from time to time by  resolution  of a majority of the
full  Board  or by  resolution  of  the  shareholders  at any  meeting  thereof;
provided,  however,  that a  majority  of the full  Board of  Directors  may not
increase the number of directors to a number which, (1) exceeds by more than two
the number of  directors  last  elected by  shareholders  where such  number was
fifteen or less,  and (2) to a number which exceeds by more than four the number
of directors last elected by shareholders where such number was sixteen or more,
but in no event shall the number of directors exceed twentyfive.

Section 2.3  Organization  Meeting.  The Secretary of the meeting upon receiving
the certificate of the judges,  of the result of any election,  shall notify the
director  select of their election and of the time at which they are required to
meet at the Main Office of the Association for the purpose of organizing the new
Board and electing and appointing officers of the Association for the succeeding
year. Such meeting shall be held as soon  thereafter as practicable.  If, at the
time fixed for such meeting,  there shall not be a quorum present, the directors
present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, until a quorum is obtained.

Section 2.4 Regular  Meetings.  Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall
be held at such place and time as may be  designated  by resolution of the Board
of  Directors.  Upon  adoption  of such  resolution,  no further  notice of such
meeting dates or the places or times thereof shall be required. Upon the failure
of the Board of Directors to adopt such a  resolution,  regular  meetings of the
Board of  Directors  shall be held,  without  notice,  on the third  Tuesday  in
February,  April, June, August,  October and December,  commencing with the year
1997, at the main office or at such other place and time as may be designated by
the Board of Directors.  When any regular  meeting of the Board would  otherwise
fall on a holiday, the meeting shall be held on the next business day unless the
Board shall designate some other day.

Section 2.5 Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be
called by the  President of the  Association,  or at the request of three (3) or
more  directors.  Each member of the Board of  Directors  shall be given  notice
stating the time and place,  by  telegram,  letter,  or in person,  of each such
special meeting.

Section 2.6 Quorum. A majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum at any
meeting,  except when  otherwise  provided by law; but a less number may adjourn
any  meeting,  from time to time,  and the  meeting may be held,  as  adjourned,
without further notice.

Section  2.7  Vacancies.  When any  vacancy  occurs  among  the  directors,  the
remaining  members  of the  Board,  in  accordance  with the laws of the  United
States,  may appoint a director to fill such  vacancy at any regular  meeting of
the Board, or at a special meeting called for that purpose.

Section 2.8 Advisory Boards.  The Board of Directors may appoint Advisory Boards
for each of the states in which the Association conducts  operations.  Each such
Advisory  Board shall  consist of as many persons as the Board of Directors  may
determine. The duties of each Advisory Board shall be to consult and advise with
the Board of Directors and senior officers of the Association in such state with
regard to the best interests of the Association and to perform such other duties
as the Board of Directors may lawfully delegate.

The senior  officer in such state,  or such  officers as directed by such senior
officer,  may appoint  advisory boards for geographic  regions within such state
and may consult with the State Advisory Boards prior to such appointments.

         ARTICLE III

         Committees of the Board

Section 3.1 The Board of Directors,  by resolution  adopted by a majority of the
number of directors fixed by these By-Laws,  may designate two or more directors
to constitute an Executive Committee and other committees, each of which, to the
extent  authorized  by law and provided in such  resolution,  shall have and may
exercise all of the  authority of the Board of Directors  and the  management of
the Association.  The designation of any committee and the delegation thereto of
authority  shall not  operate to relieve the Board of  Directors,  or any member
thereof, of any responsibility or liability imposed upon it or any member of the
Board of Directors  by law. The Board of Directors  reserves to itself alone the
power to act on (1)  dissolution,  merger or  consolidation,  or  disposition of
substantially all corporate  property,  (2) designation of committees or filling
vacancies on the Board of  Directors  or on a committee of the Board  (except as
hereinafter  provided),  (3)  adoption,  amendment  or  repeal  of  Bylaws,  (4)
amendment or repeal of any  resolution of the Board which by its terms is not so
amendable or repealable, and (5) declaration of dividends, issuance of stock, or
recommendations to stockholders of any action requiring stockholder approval.

The  Board  of  Directors  or the  Chairman  of the  Board of  Directors  of the
Association  may  change  the  membership  of any  committee  at any time,  fill
vacancies  therein,  discharge  any committee or member  thereof  either with or
without  cause  at  any  time,   and  change  at  any  time  the  authority  and
responsibility of any such committee.

A majority of the members of any  committee  of the Board of  Directors  may fix
such  committee's  rules of  procedure.  All  action by any  committee  shall be
reported to the Board of Directors at a meeting  succeeding such action,  except
such actions as the Board may not require to be reported to it in the resolution
creating any such  committee.  Any action by any  committee  shall be subject to
revision,  alteration,  and  approval by the Board of  Directors,  except to the
extent otherwise provided in the resolution  creating such committee;  provided,
however,  that no rights or acts of third  parties shall be affected by any such
revision or alteration.

         ARTICLE IV

         Officers and Employees

Section 4.1 Officers.  The officers of the  Association may be a Chairman of the
Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board,  one or more Chairmen or Vice Chairmen (who
shall not be required to be directors of the Association),  a President,  one or
more Vice  Presidents,  a  Secretary,  a Cashier  or  Treasurer,  and such other
officers,  including  officers holding similar or equivalent titles to the above
in  regions,  divisions  or  functional  units  of  the  Association,  as may be
appointed by the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board and the President
shall be members of the Board of Directors.  Any two or more offices may be held
by one person,  but no officer  shall sign or execute any  document in more than
one capacity.

Section 4.2 Election,  Term of Office, and Qualification.  Each officer shall be
chosen by the Board of Directors and shall hold office until the annual  meeting
of the Board of Directors  held next after his  election or until his  successor
shall have been duly chosen and qualified, or until his death, or until he shall
resign, or shall have been disqualified, or shall have been removed from office.

Section 4.2(a) Officers Acting as Assistant Secretary. Notwithstanding Section 1
of these Bylaws,  any Senior Vice President,  Vice President,  or Assistant Vice
President  shall have, by virtue of his office,  and by authority of the Bylaws,
the  authority  from time to time to act as an Assistant  Secretary of the Bank,
and to such  extent,  said  officers  are  appointed  to the office of Assistant
Secretary.

Section 4.3 Chief Executive Officer.  The Board of Directors shall designate one
of its  members to be the  President  of this  Association,  and the  officer so
designated  shall be an ex officio member of all  committees of the  Association
except the Examining  Committee,  and its Chief  Executive  Officer  unless some
other officer is so designated by the Board of Directors.

Section 4.4 Duties of Officers.  The duties of all officers  shall be prescribed
by the Board of Directors.  Nevertheless, the Board of Directors may delegate to
the Chief  Executive  Officer the  authority  to  prescribe  the duties of other
officers of the corporation not  inconsistent  with law, the charter,  and these
Bylaws,  and to appoint other employees,  prescribe their duties, and to dismiss
them. Notwithstanding such delegation of authority, any officer or employee also
may be dismissed at any time by the Board of Directors.

Section 4.5 Other  Employees.  The Board of  Directors  may appoint from time to
time such tellers, vault custodians,  bookkeepers, and other clerks, agents, and
employees as it may deem advisable for the prompt and orderly transaction of the
business of the  Association,  define  their  duties,  fix the salary to be paid
them, and dismiss them. Subject to the authority of the Board of Directors,  the
Chief Executive  Officer or any other officer of the  Association  authorized by
him, may appoint and dismiss all such tellers, vault custodians, bookkeepers and
other clerks,  agents, and employees,  prescribe their duties and the conditions
of their employment, and from time to time fix their compensation.

Section 4.6 Removal and Resignation.  Any officer or employee of the Association
may be removed  either  with or  without  cause by the Board of  Directors.  Any
employee  other  than an  officer  elected  by the  Board  of  Directors  may be
dismissed in accordance  with the  provisions of the preceding  Section 4.5. Any
officer  may  resign  at any  time by  giving  written  notice  to the  Board of
Directors  or to the  Chief  Executive  Officer  of the  Association.  Any  such
resignation  shall  become  effective  upon its being  accepted  by the Board of
Directors, or the Chief Executive Officer.

         ARTICLE V

         Fiduciary Powers

Section 5.1 Capital Management Group. There shall be an area of this Association
known  as the  Capital  Management  Group  which  shall be  responsible  for the
exercise of the fiduciary  powers of this  Association.  The Capital  Management
Group shall consist of four service areas: Fiduciary Services,  Retail Services,
Investments and Marketing. The Fiduciary Services unit shall consist of personal
trust, employee benefits, corporate trust and operations. The General Office for
the Fiduciary Services unit shall be located in Charlotte, N.C., with City Trust
Offices  located in such cities within the State of North Carolina as designated
by the Board of Directors.

Section  5.2 Trust  Officers.  There  shall be a General  Trust  Officer of this
Association  whose  duties  shall be to  manage,  supervise  and  direct all the
activities of the Capital Management Group. Further,  there shall be one or more
Senior Trust  Officers  designated  to assist the General  Trust  Officer in the
performance  of his  duties.  They  shall  do or  cause  to be done  all  things
necessary or proper in carrying out the business of the Capital Management Group
in accordance with provisions of applicable law and regulation.

Section 5.3 Capital Management/General Trust Committee. There shall be a Capital
Management/General Trust Committee composed of not less than four (4) members of
the Board of  Directors or officers of this  Association  who shall be appointed
annually or from time to time by the Board of Directors of the Association.  The
General Trust Officer shall serve as an exofficio member of the Committee.  Each
member shall serve until his successor is  appointed.  The Board of Directors or
the   Chairman  of  the  Board  may  change  the   membership   of  the  Capital
Management/General  Trust  Committee at any time,  fill  vacancies  therein,  or
discharge any member  thereof with or without  cause at any time.  The Committee
shall  counsel and advise on all matters  relating to the business or affairs of
the Capital Management Group and shall adopt overall policies for the conduct of
the  business  of the Capital  Management  Group  including  but not limited to:
general  administration,  investment  policies,  new business  development,  and
review for approval of major  assignments  of functional  responsibilities.  The
Committee  shall meet at least quarterly or as called for by its Chairman or any
three (3) members of the Committee. A quorum shall consist of three (3) members.
In  carrying  out its  responsibilities,  the Capital  Management/General  Trust
Committee  shall review the actions of all officers,  employees  and  committees
utilized by this  Association  in connection  with the activities of the Capital
Management  Group and may  assign  the  administration  and  performance  of any
fiduciary  powers or  duties  to any of such  officers  or  employees  or to the
Investment Policy Committee,  Personal Trust Administration  Committee,  Account
Review Committee,  Corporate and Institutional Accounts Committee,  or any other
committees  it shall  designate.  One of the  methods  to be used in the  review
process will be the thorough scrutiny of the Report of Examination by the Office
of the  Comptroller  of the  Currency  and the reports of the Audit  Division of
First  Union  Corporation,  as they  relate  to the  activities  of the  Capital
Management Group.  These reviews shall be in addition to reviews of such reports
by the Audit  Committee of the Board of  Directors.  The Chairman of the Capital
Management/  General Trust  Committee  shall be appointed by the Chairman of the
Board of  Directors.  He shall cause to be recorded in  appropriate  minutes all
actions taken by the Committee. The minutes shall be signed by its Secretary and
approved by its Chairman.  Further,  the Committee  shall  summarize all actions
taken by it and  shall  submit  a  report  of its  proceedings  to the  Board of
Directors at its next  regularly  scheduled  meeting  following a meeting of the
Capital  Management/General  Trust  Committee.  As  required  by Section  9.7 of
Regulation 9 of the Comptroller of the Currency,  the Board of Directors retains
responsibility  for  the  proper  exercise  of  the  fiduciary  powers  of  this
Association.

The Fiduciary Services unit of the Capital Management Group will maintain a list
of securities  approved for investment in fiduciary  accounts and will from time
to time  provide the Capital  Management/General  Trust  Committee  with current
information relative to such list and also with respect to transactions in other
securities not on such list. It is the policy of this  Association  that members
of the Capital  Management/General Trust Committee should not buy, sell or trade
in  securities  which are on such  approved  list or in any other  securities in
which the Fiduciary  Services unit has taken,  or intends to take, a position in
fiduciary  accounts in any  circumstances in which any such transaction could be
viewed as a possible  conflict of interest or could  constitute  a violation  of
applicable law or regulation.  Accordingly,  if any such securities are owned by
any member of the  Capital  Management/General  Trust  Committee  at the time of
appointment to such Committee, the Capital Management Group shall be promptly so
informed  in  writing.  If any member of the  Capital  Management/General  Trust
Committee intends to buy, sell, or trade in any such securities while serving as
a member of the Committee,  he should first notify the Capital  Management Group
in order to make  certain that any proposed  transaction  will not  constitute a
violation of this policy or of applicable law or regulation.

Section 5.4 Investment  Policy  Committee.  There shall be an Investment  Policy
Committee  composed of not less than seven (7) officers and/or employees of this
Association who shall be appointed annually or from time to time by the Board of
Directors.  Each member shall serve until his successor is  appointed.  Meetings
shall be called by the  Chairman  or any two (2)  members  of the  Committee.  A
quorum shall consist of five (5) members.  The Investment Policy Committee shall
exercise such fiduciary  powers and perform such duties as may be assigned to it
by the Capital  Management/General  Trust  Committee.  All actions  taken by the
Investment Policy Committee shall be recorded in appropriate minutes,  signed by
the  Secretary  thereof,  approved by its Chairman and  submitted to the Capital
Management/General  Trust  Committee at its next ensuing regular meeting for its
review and approval.

Section 5.5 Personal Trust Administration  Committee.  There shall be a Personal
Trust Administration  Committee composed of not less than five (5) officers, who
shall be appointed annually or from time to time by the Board of Directors. Each
member shall serve until his successor is appointed. Meetings shall be called by
the Chairman or any three (3) members of the  Committee.  A quorum shall consist
of three (3) members. The Personal Trust Administration Committee shall exercise
such  fiduciary  powers and perform  such duties as may be assigned to it by the
Capital  Management/General  Trust  Committee.  All action taken by the Personal
Trust  Administration  Committee shall be recorded in appropriate minutes signed
by the Secretary thereof, approved by its Chairman, and submitted to the Capital
Management/General  Trust  Committee at its next ensuing regular meeting for its
review and approval.

Section 5.6 Account Review Committee. There shall be an Account Review Committee
composed  of  not  less  than  four  (4)  officers  and/or   employees  of  this
Association,  who shall be appointed  annually or from time to time by the Board
of Directors. Each member shall serve until his successor is appointed. Meetings
shall be called by the  Chairman  or any two (2)  members  of the  Committee.  A
quorum shall consist of three (3) members.  The Account Review  Committee  shall
exercise such fiduciary  powers and perform such duties as may be assigned to it
by the Capital  Management/General  Trust  Committee.  All actions  taken by the
Account Review Committee shall be recorded in appropriate minutes, signed by the
Secretary  thereof,  approved  by its  Chairman  and  submitted  to the  Capital
Management/  General Trust Committee at its next ensuing regular meeting for its
review and approval.

Section 5.7 Corporate and  Institutional  Accounts  Committee.  There shall be a
Corporate and Institutional  Accounts  Committee  composed of not less than five
(5)  officers  and/or  employees  of this  Association,  who shall be  appointed
annually,  or  from  time  to  time,  by the  Capital  Management/General  Trust
Committee and approved by the Board of Directors.  Meetings may be called by the
Chairman  or any two (2) members of the  Committee.  A quorum  shall  consist of
three (3) members.  The Corporate and  Institutional  Accounts  Committee  shall
exercise  such  fiduciary  powers  and  duties as may be  assigned  to it by the
General Trust  Committee.  All actions taken by the Corporate and  Institutional
Accounts  Committee  shall be recorded  in  appropriate  minutes,  signed by the
Secretary  thereof,  approved by its Chairman and made  available to the General
Trust Committee at its next ensuing regular meeting for its review and approval.


         ARTICLE VI

         Stock and Stock Certificates

Section 6.1 Transfers. Shares of stock shall be transferable on the books of the
Association,  and a transfer  book shall be kept in which all transfers of stock
shall be recorded.  Every person  becoming a shareholder by such transfer shall,
in proportion to his shares,  succeed to all rights and liabilities of the prior
holder of such shares.

Section 6.2 Stock  Certificates.  Certificates of stock shall bear the signature
of the Chairman,  the Vice Chairman,  the President,  or a Vice President (which
may be engraved,  printed,  or  impressed),  and shall be signed  manually or by
facsimile  process by the Secretary,  Assistant  Secretary,  Cashier,  Assistant
Cashier,  or any other  officer  appointed  by the Board of  Directors  for that
purpose, to be known as an Authorized  Officer,  and the seal of the Association
shall be engraved  thereon.  Each certificate  shall recite on its face that the
stock represented thereby is transferable only upon the books of the Association
properly endorsed.


         ARTICLE VII

         Corporate Seal

Section 7.1 The President, the Cashier, the Secretary, or any Assistant Cashier,
or Assistant  Secretary,  or other officer thereunto  designated by the Board of
Directors  shall have  authority  to affix the  corporate  seal to any  document
requiring such seal, and to attest the same. Such seal shall be substantially in
the following form.


         ARTICLE VIII

         Miscellaneous Provisions

Section  8.1  Fiscal  Year.  The  fiscal  year of the  Association  shall be the
calendar year.

Section 8.2 Execution of  Instruments.  All agreements,  indentures,  mortgages,
deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations, receipts, discharges,
releases,   satisfactions,   settlements,   petitions,  notices,   applications,
schedules,  accounts,  affidavits,  bonds,  undertakings,   proxies,  and  other
instruments  or  documents  may be  signed,  executed,  acknowledged,  verified,
delivered or accepted in behalf of the Association by the Chairman of the Board,
the Vice Chairman of the Board,  any Chairman or Vice  Chairman,  the President,
any Vice President or Assistant Vice  President,  the Secretary or any Assistant
Secretary,  the  Cashier or  Treasurer  or any  Assistant  Cashier or  Assistant
Treasurer,  or any officer holding similar or equivalent  titles to the above in
any  regions,  divisions  or  functional  units of the  Association,  or,  if in
connection with the exercise of fiduciary powers of the  Association,  by any of
said officers or by any Trust Officer or Assistant  Trust Officer (or equivalent
titles);  provided,  however, that where required,  any such instrument shall be
attested  by  one of  said  officers  other  than  the  officer  executing  such
instrument. Any such instruments may also be executed,  acknowledged,  verified,
delivered or accepted in behalf of the  Association  in such other manner and by
such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time direct.  The
provisions of this Section 8.2 are supplementary to any other provision of these
Bylaws.

Section  8.3  Records.  The  Articles  of  Association,   the  Bylaws,  and  the
proceedings  of all  meetings  of the  shareholders,  the  Board  of  Directors,
standing  committees of the Board, shall be recorded in appropriate minute books
provided  for the purpose.  The minutes of each  meeting  shall be signed by the
Secretary,  Cashier,  or other  officer  appointed  to act as  Secretary  of the
meeting.

         ARTICLE IX

         Bylaws

Section 9.1 Inspection. A copy of the Bylaws, with all amendments thereto, shall
at  all  times  be  kept  in a  convenient  place  at  the  Head  Office  of the
Association,  and  shall  be open for  inspection  to all  shareholders,  during
banking hours.

Section 9.2 Amendments.  The Bylaws may be amended,  altered or repealed, at any
regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors, by a vote of a majority of
the whole number of Directors.





<PAGE>



         Exhibit A


         First Union National Bank
         Article X
         Emergency Bylaws



In the event of an emergency  declared by the  President of the United States or
the  person  performing  his  functions,  the  officers  and  employees  of this
Association  will continue to conduct the affairs of the Association  under such
guidance  from the  directors  or the  Executive  Committee  as may be available
except as to matters which by statute require specific  approval of the Board of
Directors and subject to conformance with any applicable governmental directives
during the emergency.

         OFFICERS PRO TEMPORE AND DISASTER

Section 1. The  surviving  members of the Board of  Directors  or the  Executive
Committee shall have the power, in the absence or disability of any officer,  or
upon the refusal of any officer to act, to delegate and prescribe such officer's
powers and duties to any other officer, or to any director, for the time being.

Section 2. In the event of a state of disaster of sufficient severity to prevent
the conduct and  management of the affairs and business of this  Association  by
its directors  and officers as  contemplated  by these  Bylaws,  any two or more
available members of the then incumbent  Executive  Committee shall constitute a
quorum of that  Committee for the full conduct and management of the affairs and
business of the  Association in accordance  with the provisions of Article II of
these Bylaws; and in addition, such Committee shall be empowered to exercise all
of the powers  reserved  to the General  Trust  Committee  under  Section 5.3 of
Article V hereof. In the event of the unavailability, at such time, of a minimum
of two members of the then incumbent  Executive  Committee,  any three available
directors  shall  constitute  the  Executive  Committee for the full conduct and
management of the affairs and business of the Association in accordance with the
foregoing   provisions  of  this  section.   This  Bylaw  shall  be  subject  to
implementation by resolutions of the Board of Directors passed from time to time
for that purpose,  and any  provisions of these Bylaws (other than this section)
and any  resolutions  which are contrary to the provisions of this section or to
the provisions of any such implementary  resolutions shall be suspended until it
shall be determined by an interim Executive  Committee acting under this section
that it shall be to the advantage of this  Association to resume the conduct and
management  of its affairs and  business  under all of the other  provisions  of
these Bylaws.

         Officer Succession

BE IT RESOLVED,  that if consequent upon war or warlike damage or disaster,  the
Chief Executive Officer of this Association cannot be located by the then acting
Head Officer or is unable to assume or to continue normal executive duties, then
the authority and duties of the Chief Executive  Officer shall,  without further
action  of the  Board  of  Directors,  be  automatically  assumed  by one of the
following persons in the order designated:



<PAGE>





Chairman
President
Division Head/Area  Administrator Within this officer class, officers shall take
seniority  on the basis of length of service in such  office or, in the event of
equality, length of service as an officer of the Association.

Any one of the above persons who in accordance with this resolution  assumes the
authority  and duties of the Chief  Executive  Officer  shall  continue to serve
until he resigns or until  fivesixths of the other  officers who are attached to
the then  acting  Head  Office  decide in writing  he is unable to perform  said
duties or until the elected Chief Executive  Officer of this  Association,  or a
person higher on the above list, shall become available to perform the duties of
Chief Executive Officer of the Association.

BE IT FURTHER  RESOLVED,  that anyone dealing with this Association may accept a
certification  by any three  officers  that a specified  individual is acting as
Chief  Executive  Officer in accordance  with this  resolution;  and that anyone
accepting such certification may continue to consider it in force until notified
in writing of a change,  said notice of change to carry the  signatures of three
officers of the Association.

         Alternate Locations

The offices of the Association at which its business shall be conducted shall be
the main office  thereof in each city which is  designated as a City Office (and
branches, if any), and any other legally authorized location which may be leased
or acquired by this  Association  to carry on its business.  During an emergency
resulting in any authorized place of business of this  Association  being unable
to  function,  the  business  ordinarily  conducted  at such  location  shall be
relocated  elsewhere  in  suitable  quarters,  in  addition to or in lieu of the
locations heretofore  mentioned,  as may be designated by the Board of Directors
or by the Executive Committee or by such persons as are then, in accordance with
resolutions adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors dealing with the
exercise of authority in the time of such  emergency,  conducting the affairs of
this  Association.   Any  temporarily   relocated  place  of  business  of  this
Association  shall be  returned to its  legally  authorized  location as soon as
practicable and such temporary place of business shall then be discontinued.

         Acting Head Offices

BE IT RESOLVED, that in case of and provided because of war or warlike damage or
disaster,  the General Office of this Association,  located in Charlotte,  North
Carolina,  is unable temporarily to continue its functions,  the Raleigh office,
located in Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  shall  automatically  and without further
action of this  Board of  Directors,  become  the  "Acting  Head  Office of this
Association";

BE IT  FURTHER  RESOLVED,  that if by  reason of said war or  warlike  damage or
disaster,  both the  General  Office of this  Association  and the said  Raleigh
Office of this Association are unable to carry on their  functions,  then and in
such case, the Asheville Office of this Association, located in Asheville, North
Carolina,  shall, without further action of this Board of Directors,  become the
"Acting Head Office of this Association";  and if neither the Raleigh Office nor
the Asheville Office can carry on their functions, then the Greensboro Office of
this Association,  located in Greensboro, North Carolina, shall, without further
action of this  Board of  Directors,  become  the  "Acting  Head  Office of this
Association";  and if neither the Raleigh Office,  the Asheville Office, nor the
Greensboro  Office can carry on their  functions,  then the Lumberton  Office of
this Association,  located in Lumberton,  North Carolina, shall, without further
action of this  Board of  Directors,  become  the  "Acting  Head  Office of this
Association".  The  Head  Office  shall  resume  its  functions  at its  legally
authorized location as soon as practicable.





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