DREYFUS SHORT-INTERMEDIATE MUNICIPAL BOND FUND
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
AUGUST 1, 1999
AS REVISED, DECEMBER 1, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information, which is not a prospectus,
supplements and should be read in conjunction with the current Prospectus of
Dreyfus Short-Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund (the "Fund"), dated August 1,
1999, as it may be revised from time to time. To obtain a copy of the Fund's
Prospectus, please write to the Fund at 144 Glenn Curtiss Boulevard, Uniondale,
New York 11556-0144, or call one of the following numbers:
Call Toll Free 1-800-645-6561
In New York City -- Call 1-718-895-1206
Outside the U.S. -- Call 516-794-5452
The Fund's most recent Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report to
Shareholders are separate documents supplied with this Statement of Additional
Information, and the financial statements, accompanying notes and report of
independent auditors appearing in the Annual Report are incorporated by
reference into this Statement of Additional Information.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Description of the Fund................................................B-2
Management of the Fund.................................................B-14
Management Arrangements................................................B-19
How to Buy Shares......................................................B-22
Service Plan...........................................................B-24
How To Redeem Shares...................................................B-25
Shareholder Services...................................................B-28
Determination of Net Asset Value.......................................B-31
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes.....................................B-32
Portfolio Transactions.................................................B-34
Performance Information................................................B-35
Information About the Fund.............................................B-36
Counsel and Independent Auditors.......................................B-38
Appendix ..............................................................B-39
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DESCRIPTION OF THE FUND
The Fund is a Massachusetts business trust that commenced operations
on April 30, 1987. The Fund is an open-end management investment company, known
as a municipal bond fund.
The Dreyfus Corporation (the "Manager") serves as the Fund's
investment adviser.
Premier Mutual Fund Services, Inc. (the "Distributor") is the
distributor of the Fund's shares.
CERTAIN PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The following information supplements and should be read in
conjunction with the Fund's Prospectus.
MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS. The Fund will invest at least 80% of the value
of its net assets (except when maintaining a temporary defensive position) in
Municipal Obligations. Municipal Obligations are debt obligations issued by
states, territories and possessions of the United States and the District of
Columbia and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities, or
multistate agencies or authorities, the interest from which, in the opinion of
bond counsel to the issuer, is exempt from Federal income tax. Municipal
Obligations generally include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for
various public purposes as well as certain industrial development bonds issued
by or on behalf of public authorities. Municipal Obligations are classified as
general obligation bonds, revenue bonds and notes. General obligation bonds are
secured by the issuer's pledge of its faith, credit and taxing power for the
payment of principal and interest. Revenue bonds are payable from the revenue
derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases,
from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source, but not
from the general taxing power. Tax exempt industrial development bonds, in most
cases, are revenue bonds that do not carry the pledge of the credit of the
issuing municipality, but generally are guaranteed by the corporate entity on
whose behalf they are issued. Notes are short-term instruments which are
obligations of the issuing municipalities or agencies and are sold in
anticipation of a bond sale, collection of taxes or receipt of other revenues.
Municipal Obligations include municipal lease/purchase agreements which are
similar to installment purchase contracts for property or equipment issued by
municipalities. Municipal Obligations bear fixed, floating or variable rates of
interest, which are determined in some instances by formulas under which the
Municipal Obligation's interest rate will change directly or inversely to
changes in interest rates or an index, or multiples thereof, in many cases
subject to a maximum and minimum. Certain Municipal Obligations are subject to
redemption at a date earlier than their stated maturity pursuant to call
options, which may be separated from the related Municipal Obligation and
purchased and sold separately.
The yields on Municipal Obligations are dependent on a variety of
factors, including general economic and monetary conditions, money market
factors, conditions in the Municipal Obligations market, size of a particular
offering, maturity of the obligation and rating of the issue.
CERTAIN TAX EXEMPT OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may purchase floating and
variable rate demand notes and bonds, which are tax exempt obligations
ordinarily having stated maturities in excess of one year, but which permit the
holder to demand payment of principal at any time or at specified intervals.
Variable rate demand notes include master demand notes which are obligations
that permit the Fund to invest fluctuating amounts, at varying rates of
interest, pursuant to direct arrangements between the Fund, as lender, and the
borrower. These obligations permit daily changes in the amount borrowed. Because
these obligations are direct lending arrangements between the lender and
borrower, it is not contemplated that such instruments generally will be traded,
and there generally is no established secondary market for these obligations,
although they are redeemable at face value, plus accrued interest. Accordingly,
where these obligations are not secured by letters of credit or other credit
support arrangements, the Fund's right to redeem is dependent on the ability of
the borrower to pay principal and interest on demand. Each obligation purchased
by the Fund will meet the quality criteria established for the purchase of
Municipal Obligations.
TAX EXEMPT PARTICIPATION INTERESTS. The Fund may purchase from
financial institutions participation interests in Municipal Obligations (such as
industrial development bonds and municipal lease/purchase agreements). A
participation interest gives the Fund an undivided interest in the Municipal
Obligation in the proportion that the Fund's participation interest bears to the
total principal amount of the Municipal Obligation. These instruments may have
fixed, floating or variable rates of interest. If the participation interest is
unrated, it will be backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of a
bank that the Fund's Board has determined meets prescribed quality standards for
banks, or the payment obligation otherwise will be collateralized by U.S.
Government securities. For certain participation interests, the Fund will have
the right to demand payment, on not more than seven days' notice, for all or any
part of the Fund's participation interest in the Municipal Obligation, plus
accrued interest. As to these instruments, the Fund intends to exercise its
right to demand payment only upon a default under the terms of the Municipal
Obligation, as needed to provide liquidity to meet redemptions, or to maintain
or improve the quality of its investment portfolio.
Municipal lease obligations or installment purchase contract
obligations (collectively, "lease obligations") have special risks not
ordinarily associated with Municipal Obligations. Although lease obligations do
not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the
municipality's taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation ordinarily is backed
by the municipality's covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the payments
due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain
"non-appropriation" clauses which provide that the municipality has no
obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless
money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Although
"non-appropriation" lease obligations are secured by the leased property,
disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult.
The staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission currently considers certain
lease obligations to be illiquid. Determination as to the liquidity of such
securities is made in accordance with guidelines established by the Fund's
Board. Pursuant to such guidelines, the Board has directed the Manager to
monitor carefully the Fund's investment in such securities with particular
regard to: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the lease obligation; (2)
the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the lease obligation and the
number of other potential buyers; (3) the willingness of dealers to undertake to
make a market in the lease obligation; (4) the nature of the marketplace trades,
including the time needed to dispose of the lease obligation, the method of
soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer; and (5) such other factors
concerning the trading market for the lease obligation as the Manager may deem
relevant. In addition, in evaluating the liquidity and credit quality of a lease
obligation that is unrated, the Fund's Board has directed the Manager to
consider: (a) whether the lease can be canceled; (b) what assurance there is
that the assets represented by the lease can be sold; (c) the strength of the
lessee's general credit (e.g., its debt, administrative, economic, and financial
characteristics); (d) the likelihood that the municipality will discontinue
appropriating funding for the leased property because the property is no longer
deemed essential to the operations of the municipality (e.g., the potential for
an "event of nonappropriation"); (e) the legal recourse in the event of failure
to appropriate; and (f) such other factors concerning credit quality as the
Manager may deem relevant. The Fund will not invest more than 15% of the value
of its net assets in lease obligations that are illiquid and in other illiquid
securities. See "Investment Restriction No. 11" below.
TENDER OPTION BONDS. The Fund may purchase tender option bonds. A
tender option bond is a Municipal Obligation (generally held pursuant to a
custodial arrangement) having a relatively long maturity and bearing interest at
a fixed rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax exempt rates,
that has been coupled with the agreement of a third party, such as a bank,
broker-dealer or other financial institution, pursuant to which such institution
grants the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their
securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As
consideration for providing the option, the financial institution receives
periodic fees equal to the difference between the Municipal Obligation's fixed
coupon rate and the rate, as determined by a remarketing or similar agent at or
near the commencement of such period, that would cause the securities, coupled
with the tender option, to trade at par on the date of such determination. Thus,
after payment of this fee, the security holder effectively holds a demand
obligation that bears interest at the prevailing short-term tax exempt rate. The
Manager, on behalf of the Fund, will consider on an ongoing basis the
creditworthiness of the issuer of the underlying Municipal Obligation, of any
custodian and of the third party provider of the tender option. In certain
instances and for certain tender option bonds, the option may be terminable in
the event of a default in payment of principal or interest on the underlying
Municipal Obligation and for other reasons.
The Fund will purchase tender option bonds only when it is satisfied
that the custodial and tender option arrangements, including the fee payment
arrangements, will not adversely affect the tax exempt status of the underlying
Municipal Obligations and that payment of any tender fees will not have the
effect of creating taxable income for the Fund. Based on the tender option bond
agreement, the Fund expects to be able to value the tender option bond at par;
however, the value of the instrument will be monitored to assure that it is
valued at fair value.
CUSTODIAL RECEIPTS. The Fund may purchase custodial receipts
representing the right to receive certain future principal and interest payments
on Municipal Obligations which underlie the custodial receipts. A number of
different arrangements are possible. In a typical custodial receipt arrangement,
an issuer or a third party owner of Municipal Obligations deposits such
obligations with a custodian in exchange for two classes of custodial receipts.
The two classes have different characteristics, but, in each case, payments on
the two classes are based on payments received on the underlying Municipal
Obligations. One class has the characteristics of a typical auction rate
security, where at specified intervals its interest rate is adjusted, and
ownership changes, based on an auction mechanism. This class's interest rate
generally is expected to be below the coupon rate of the underlying Municipal
Obligations and generally is at a level comparable to that of a Municipal
Obligation of similar quality and having a maturity equal to the period between
interest rate adjustments. The second class bears interest at a rate that
exceeds the interest rate typically borne by a security of comparable quality
and maturity; this rate also is adjusted, but in this case inversely to changes
in the rate of interest of the first class. In no event will the aggregate
interest paid with respect to the two classes exceed the interest paid by the
underlying Municipal Obligations. The value of the second class and similar
securities should be expected to fluctuate more than the value of a Municipal
Obligation of comparable quality and maturity and their purchase by the Fund
should increase the volatility of its net asset value and, thus, its price per
share. These custodial receipts are sold in private placements. The Fund also
may purchase directly from issuers, and not in a private placement, Municipal
Obligations having characteristics similar to custodial receipts. These
securities may be issued as part of a multi-class offering and the interest rate
on certain classes may be subject to a cap or floor.
STAND-BY COMMITMENTS. The Fund may acquire "stand-by commitments" with
respect to Municipal Obligations held in its portfolio. Under a stand-by
commitment, the Fund obligates a broker, dealer or bank to repurchase, at the
Fund's option, specified securities at a specified price and, in this respect,
stand-by commitments are comparable to put options. The exercise of a stand-by
commitment, therefore, is subject to the ability of the seller to make payment
on demand. The Fund will acquire stand-by commitments solely to facilitate its
portfolio liquidity and does not intend to exercise its rights thereunder for
trading purposes. The Fund may pay for stand-by commitments if such action is
deemed necessary, thus increasing to a degree the cost of the underlying
Municipal Obligation and similarly decreasing such security's yield to
investors. Gains realized in connection with stand-by commitments will be
taxable. The Fund also may acquire call options on specific Municipal
Obligations. The Fund generally would purchase these call options to protect the
Fund from the issuer of the related Municipal Obligation redeeming, or other
holder of the call option from calling away, the Municipal Obligation before
maturity. The sale by the Fund of a call option that it owns on a specific
Municipal Obligation could result in the receipt of taxable income by the Fund.
RATINGS OF MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS. The Fund will purchase Municipal
Obligations only if rated investment grade. Municipal Obligations are considered
investment grade if rated at least Baa by Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
("Moody's") or at least BBB by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("S&P") or Fitch
IBCA, Inc. ("Fitch" and, together with Moody's and S&P, the "Rating Agencies").
Municipal Obligations rated BBB by S&P and Fitch are regarded as having adequate
capacity to pay principal and interest; while those rated Baa by Moody's are
considered medium grade obligations which lack outstanding investment
characteristics and have speculative characteristics. If a security is not rated
or is subject to some external agreement (such as a letter of credit) from a
bank which was not considered when the security was rated, the Manager must have
determined that the security is of comparable quality to those rated securities
in which the Fund may invest.
The average distribution of investments (at value) in Municipal
Obligations (including notes) by ratings for the fiscal year ended March 31,
1999, computed on a monthly basis, was as follows:
Percentage
FITCH or MOODY'S or S&P of Value
- ----- ------- --- ----------
AAA Aaa AAA 15.4%
AA Aa AA 8.8%
A A A 37.1%
BBB Baa BBB 25.8%
F-1+/F-1 VMIG1/MIG1, P-1 SP-1+,SP-1,
A1+/A1 2.2%
Not rated Not rated Not rated 10.7%
----------
100%
Subsequent to its purchase by the Fund, an issue of rated Municipal
Obligations may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum
required for purchase by the Fund. Neither event will require the sale of such
Municipal Obligations by the Fund, but the Manager will consider such event in
determining whether the Fund should continue to hold the Municipal Obligations.
To the extent that the ratings given by the Rating Agencies for Municipal
Obligations may change as a result of changes in such organizations or their
rating systems, the Fund will attempt to use comparable ratings as standards for
its investments in accordance with the investment policies contained in the
Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information. The ratings of the
Rating Agencies represent their opinions as to the quality of the Municipal
Obligations which they undertake to rate. It should be emphasized, however, that
ratings are relative and subjective and are not absolute standards of quality.
Although these ratings may be an initial criterion for selection of portfolio
investments, the Manager also will evaluate these securities and the
creditworthiness of the issuers of such securities.
- --------------------
* Included in the Not Rated category are securities comprising 10.7% of the
Fund's market value, which while not rated, all have been determined by the
Manager to be of comparable quality to securities in the following rating
categories: Aaa/AAA (1.2%), A/A (.8%), Baa/BBB (7.9%) and Ba/BB (.8%).
<PAGE>
ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may invest up to 15% of the value of its
net assets in securities as to which a liquid trading market does not exist,
provided such investments are consistent with the Fund's investment objective.
These securities may include securities that are not readily marketable, such as
securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, and
repurchase agreements providing for settlement in more than seven days after
notice. As to these securities, the Fund is subject to a risk that should the
Fund desire to sell them when a ready buyer is not available at a price that the
Fund deems representative of their value, the value of the Fund's net assets
could be adversely affected.
TAXABLE INVESTMENTS. From time to time, on a temporary basis other
than for temporary defensive purposes (but not to exceed 20% of the value of the
Fund's net assets) or for temporary defensive purposes, the Fund may invest in
taxable short-term investments ("Taxable Investments") consisting of: notes of
issuers having, at the time of purchase, a quality rating within the two highest
grades of a Rating Agency; obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities; commercial paper rated not lower than P-1 by Moody's, A-1 by
S&P or F-1 by Fitch; certificates of deposit of U.S. domestic banks, including
foreign branches of domestic banks, with assets of $1 billion or more; time
deposits; bankers' acceptances and other short-term bank obligations; and
repurchase agreements in respect of any of the foregoing. Dividends paid by the
Fund that are attributable to income earned by the Fund from Taxable Investments
will be taxable to investors. See "Dividends, Distributions and Taxes." Except
for temporary defensive purposes, at no time will more than 20% of the value of
the Fund's net assets be invested in Taxable Investments. Under normal market
conditions, the Fund anticipates that not more than 5% of the value of its total
assets will be invested in any one category of Taxable Investments.
INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES
The following information supplements and should be read in
conjunction with the Fund's Prospectus. The Fund's use of certain of the
investment techniques described below may give rise to taxable income.
BORROWING MONEY. The Fund is permitted to borrow to the extent
permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"),
which permits an investment company to borrow in an amount up to 33-1/3% of the
value of its total assets. The Fund currently intends to borrow money only for
temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, in an amount up to 15% of the
value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) valued at the lesser
of cost or market, less liabilities (not including the amount borrowed) at the
time the borrowing is made. While borrowings exceed 5% of the Fund's total
assets, the Fund will not make any additional investments.
LENDING PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. The Fund may lend securities from its
portfolio to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions needing to borrow
securities to complete certain transactions. The Fund continues to be entitled
to payments in amounts equal to the interest or other distributions payable on
the loaned securities which affords the Fund an opportunity to earn interest on
the amount of the loan and on the loaned securities' collateral. Loans of
portfolio securities may not exceed 33-1/3% of the value of the Fund's total
assets, and the Fund will receive collateral consisting of cash, U.S. Government
securities or irrevocable letters of credit which will be maintained at all
times in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the
loaned securities. Such loans are terminable by the Fund at any time upon
specified notice. The Fund might experience risk of loss if the institution with
which it has engaged in a portfolio loan transaction breaches its agreement with
the Fund. In connection with its securities lending transactions, the Fund may
return to the borrower or a third party which is unaffiliated with the Fund, and
which is acting as a "placing broker," a part of the interest earned from the
investment of collateral received for securities loaned.
DERIVATIVES. The Fund may invest in, or enter into, derivatives, such
as options and futures, for a variety of reasons, including to hedge certain
market risks, to provide a substitute for purchasing or selling particular
securities or to increase potential income gain. Derivatives may provide a
cheaper, quicker or more specifically focused way for the Fund to invest than
"traditional" securities would.
Derivatives can be volatile and involve various types and degrees of
risk, depending upon the characteristics of the particular derivative and the
portfolio as a whole. Derivatives permit the Fund to increase or decrease the
level of risk, or change the character of the risk, to which its portfolio is
exposed in much the same way as the Fund can increase or decrease the level of
risk, or change the character of the risk, of its portfolio by making
investments in specific securities. However, derivatives may entail investment
exposures that are greater than their cost would suggest, meaning that a small
investment in derivatives could have a large potential impact on the Fund's
performance.
If the Fund invests in derivatives at inopportune times or judges
market conditions incorrectly, such investments may lower the Fund's return or
result in a loss. The Fund also could experience losses if its derivatives were
poorly correlated with its other investments, or if the Fund were unable to
liquidate its position because of an illiquid secondary market. The market for
many derivatives is, or suddenly can become, illiquid. Changes in liquidity may
result in significant, rapid and unpredictable changes in the prices for
derivatives.
Although the Fund will not be a commodity pool, certain derivatives
subject the Fund to the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission which
limit the extent to which the Fund can invest in such derivatives. The Fund may
invest in futures contracts and options with respect thereto for hedging
purposes without limit. However, the Fund may not invest in such contracts and
options for other purposes if the sum of the amount of initial margin deposits
and premiums paid for unexpired options with respect to such contracts, other
than for bona fide hedging purposes, exceeds 5% of the liquidation value of the
Fund's assets, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized
losses on such contracts and options; provided, however, that in the case of an
option that is in-the-money at the time of purchase, the in-the-money amount
may be excluded in calculating the 5% limitation.
Derivatives may be purchased on established exchanges or through
privately negotiated transactions referred to as over-the-counter derivatives.
Exchange-traded derivatives generally are guaranteed by the clearing agency
which is the issuer or counterparty to such derivatives. This guarantee usually
is supported by a daily variation margin system operated by the clearing agency
in order to reduce overall credit risk. As a result, unless the clearing agency
defaults, there is relatively little counterparty credit risk associated with
derivatives purchased on an exchange. By contrast, no clearing agency guarantees
over-the-counter derivatives. Therefore, each party to an over-the-counter
derivative bears the risk that the counterparty will default. Accordingly, the
Manager will consider the creditworthiness of counterparties to over-the-
counter derivatives in the same manner as it would review the credit quality of
a security to be purchased by the Fund. Over-the-counter derivatives are less
liquid than exchange-traded derivatives since the other party to the transaction
may be the only investor with sufficient understanding of the derivative to be
interested in bidding for it.
FUTURES TRANSACTIONS--IN GENERAL. The Fund may enter into futures contracts in
U.S. domestic markets. Engaging in these transactions involves risk of loss to
the Fund which could adversely affect the value of the Fund's net assets.
Although the Fund intends to purchase or sell futures contracts only if there is
an active market for such contracts, no assurance can be given that a liquid
market will exist for any particular contract at any particular time. Many
futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted
in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has
been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price
beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the
trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several
consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt
liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to
substantial losses.
Successful use of futures by the Fund also is subject to the Manager's
ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the relevant market,
and, to the extent the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, to
ascertain the appropriate correlation between the securities being hedged and
the price movements of the futures contract. For example, if the Fund uses
futures to hedge against the possibility of a decline in the market value of
securities held in its portfolio and the prices of such securities instead
increase, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value
of securities which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its
futures positions. Furthermore, if in such circumstances the Fund has
insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin
requirements. The Fund may have to sell such securities at a time when it may be
disadvantageous to do so.
Pursuant to regulations and/or published positions of the Securities
and Exchange Commission, the Fund may be required to segregate permissible
liquid assets to cover its obligations relating to its transactions in
derivatives. To maintain this required cover, the Fund may have to sell
portfolio securities at disadvantageous prices or times since it may not be
possible to liquidate a derivative position at a reasonable price. In addition,
the segregation of such assets will have the effect of limiting the Fund's
ability otherwise to invest those assets.
SPECIFIC FUTURES TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase and sell interest rate
futures contracts. An interest rate future obligates the Fund to purchase or
sell an amount of a specific debt security at a future date at a specific price.
The Fund may purchase and sell municipal bond index futures contracts.
Municipal bond index futures contracts are based on an index of Municipal
Obligations. The index assigns relative values to the Municipal Obligations
included in the index, and fluctuates with changes in the market value of such
Municipal Obligations. The contract is an agreement pursuant to which two
parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash based upon the
difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day
of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally
written.
OPTIONS--IN GENERAL. The Fund may invest up to 5% of its assets, represented by
the premium paid, in the purchase of call and put options with respect to
specific securities or futures contracts. The Fund may write (i.e., sell)
covered call and put option contracts to the extent of 20% of the value of its
net assets at the time such option contracts are written. A call option gives
the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell,
the underlying security or securities at the exercise price at any time during
the option period, or at a specific date. Conversely, a put option gives the
purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the
underlying security or securities at the exercise price at any time during the
option period, or at a specific date.
A covered call option written by the Fund is a call option with
respect to which the Fund owns the underlying security or otherwise covers the
transaction by segregating permissible liquid assets. A put option written by
the Fund is covered when, among other things, the Fund segregates permissible
liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than the exercise price of the
option to fulfill the obligation undertaken. The principal reason for writing
covered call and put options is to realize, through the receipt of premiums, a
greater return than would be realized on the underlying securities alone. The
Fund receives a premium from writing covered call or put options which it
retains whether or not the option is exercised.
There is no assurance that sufficient trading interest to create a
liquid secondary market on a securities exchange will exist for any particular
option or at any particular time, and for some options no such secondary market
may exist. A liquid secondary market in an option may cease to exist for a
variety of reasons. In the past, for example, higher than anticipated trading
activity or order flow, or other unforeseen events, at times have rendered
certain of the clearing facilities inadequate and resulted in the institution of
special procedures, such as trading rotations, restrictions on certain types of
orders or trading halts or suspensions in one or more options. There can be no
assurance that similar events, or events that may otherwise interfere with the
timely execution of customers' orders, will not recur. In such event, it might
not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options. If, as a
covered call option writer, the Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase
transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying
security until the option expires or it delivers the underlying security upon
exercise or it otherwise covers its position.
Successful use by the Fund of options will be subject to the Manager's
ability to predict correctly movements in interest rates. To the extent the
Manager's predictions are incorrect, the Fund may incur losses.
INVERSE FLOATERS. The Fund may invest in residual interest municipal
bonds whose interest rates bear an inverse relationship to the interest rate on
another security or the value of an index ("inverse floaters"). An investment in
inverse floaters may involve greater risk than an investment in a fixed rate
bond. Because changes in the interest rate on the other securities or index
inversely affect the residual interest paid on the inverse floater, the value of
an inverse floater is generally more volatile than that of a fixed rate bond.
Inverse floaters have interest rate adjustment formulas which generally reduce
or, in the extreme, eliminate the interest paid to the Fund when short-term
interest rates rise, and increase the interest paid to the Fund when short-term
interest rates fall. Inverse floaters have varying degrees of liquidity, and the
market for these securities is relatively new and volatile. These securities
then to underperform the market for fixed-rate bond in a rising interest rate
environment, but then to outperform the market for fixed-rate bonds when
interest rates decline. Shifts in long-term interest rates may, however, alter
this tendency. Although volatile, inverse floaters typically offer the potential
for yields exceeding the yields available on fixed-rate bonds with comparable
credit quality, coupon, call provisions and maturity. These securities usually
permit the investor to convert the floating-rate to a fixed-rate (normally
adjusted downward), and this optional conversion feature may provide a partial
hedge against rising rates if exercised at an opportune time. Inverse floaters
may be sold in private placements.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS. The Fund may take advantage of opportunities in
the area of options and futures contracts and options on futures contracts and
any other derivatives which are not presently contemplated for use by the Fund
or which are not currently available but which may be developed, to the extent
such opportunities are both consistent with the Fund's investment objective and
legally permissible for the Fund. Before entering into such transactions or
making any such investment, the Fund will provide appropriate disclosure in the
Prospectus or this Statement of Additional Information.
FORWARD COMMITMENTS. The Fund may purchase Municipal Obligations and
other securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis, which means that
delivery and payment take place a number of days after the date of the
commitment to purchase. The payment obligation and the interest rate receivable
on a forward commitment or when-issued security are fixed when the Fund enters
into the commitment, but the Fund does not make payment until it receives
delivery from the counterparty. The Fund will commit to purchase such securities
only with the intention of actually acquiring the securities, but the Fund may
sell these securities before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable. The
Fund will segregate permissible liquid assets at least equal at all times to the
amount of the Fund's purchase commitments.
Municipal Obligations and other securities purchased on a forward
commitment or when-issued basis are subject to changes in value (generally
changing in the same way, i.e. appreciating when interest rates decline and
depreciating when interest rates rise) based upon the public's perception of the
creditworthiness of the issuer and changes, real or anticipated, in the level of
interest rates. Securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued
basis may expose the Fund to risks because they may experience such fluctuations
prior to their actual delivery. Purchasing securities on a forward commitment or
when-issued basis can involve the additional risk that the yield available in
the market when the delivery takes place actually may be higher than that
obtained in the transaction itself. Purchasing securities on a forward
commitment or when-issued basis when the Fund is fully or almost fully invested
may result in greater potential fluctuation in the value of the Fund's net
assets and its net asset value per share.
INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS AND RISKS
INVESTING IN MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest more than 25%
of the value of its total assets in Municipal Obligations which are related in
such a way that an economic, business or political development or change
affecting one such security also would affect the other securities; for example,
securities the interest upon which is paid from revenues of similar types of
projects, or securities whose issuers are located in the same state. As a
result, the Fund may be subject to greater risk as compared to a fund that does
not follow this practice.
Certain municipal lease/purchase obligations in which the Fund may
invest may contain "non-appropriation" clauses which provide that the
municipality has no obligation to make lease payments in future years unless
money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Although
"non-appropriation" lease/purchase obligations are secured by the leased
property, disposition of the leased property in the event of foreclosure might
prove difficult. In evaluating the credit quality of a municipal lease/purchase
obligation that is unrated, the Manager will consider, on an ongoing basis, a
number of factors including the likelihood that the issuing municipality will
discontinue appropriating funding for the leased property.
Certain provisions in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the "Code"), relating to the issuance of Municipal Obligations may reduce the
volume of Municipal Obligations qualifying for Federal tax exemption. One effect
of these provisions could be to increase the cost of the Municipal Obligations
available for purchase by the Fund and thus reduce available yield. Shareholders
should consult their tax advisers concerning the effect of these provisions on
an investment in the Fund. Proposals that may restrict or eliminate the income
tax exemption for interest on Municipal Obligations may be introduced in the
future. If any such proposal were enacted that would reduce the availability of
Municipal Obligations for investment by the Fund so as to adversely affect Fund
shareholders, the Fund would reevaluate its investment objective and policies
and submit possible changes in the Fund's structure to shareholders for their
consideration. If legislation were enacted that would treat a type of Municipal
Obligation as taxable, the Fund would treat such security as a permissible
Taxable Investment within the applicable limits set forth herein.
SIMULTANEOUS INVESTMENTS. Investment decisions for the Fund are made
independently from those of other investment companies advised by the Manager.
If, however, such other investment companies desire to invest in, or dispose of,
the same securities as the Fund, available investments or opportunities for
sales will be allocated equitably to each investment company. In some cases,
this procedure may adversely affect the size of the position obtained for or
disposed of by the Fund or the price paid or received by the Fund.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund's investment objective is a fundamental policy, which cannot
be changed without approval by the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940
Act) of the Fund's outstanding voting shares. In addition, the Fund has adopted
investment restrictions numbered 1 through 7 as fundamental policies. Investment
restrictions numbered 8 through 12 are not fundamental policies and may be
changed by a vote of a majority of the Fund's Board members at any time. The
Fund may not:
1. Invest more than 25% of its assets in the securities of issuers in
any single industry; provided that there shall be no limitation on the purchase
of Municipal Obligations and, for temporary defense purposes, securities issued
by banks and obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its
agencies or instrumentalities.
2. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act
(which currently limits borrowing to no more than 33-1/3% of the value of the
Fund's total assets). For purposes of this Investment Restriction, the entry
into options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those relating to
indices, and options on futures contracts or indices shall not constitute
borrowing.
3. Purchase or sell real estate, commodities or commodity contracts,
or oil and gas interests, but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing
and selling options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those
relating to indices, and options on futures contracts or indices.
4. Underwrite the securities of other issuers, except that the Fund
may bid separately or as part of a group for the purchase of Municipal
Obligations directly from an issuer for its own portfolio to take advantage of
the lower purchase price available, and except to the extent the Fund may be
deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, by virtue of
disposing of portfolio securities.
5. Make loans to others, except through the purchase of debt
obligations and the entry into repurchase agreements; however, the Fund may lend
its portfolio securities in an amount not to exceed 33-1/3% of the value of its
total assets. Any loans of portfolio securities will be made according to
guidelines established by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Fund's
Board.
6. Issue any senior security (as such term is defined in Section 18(f)
of the 1940 Act), except to the extent that the activities permitted in
Investment Restrictions numbered 2, 3 and 10 may be deemed to give rise to a
senior security.
7. Sell securities short or purchase securities on margin, but the
Fund may make margin deposits in connection with transactions in options,
forward contracts, futures contracts, including those relating to indices, and
options on futures contracts or indices.
8. Purchase securities other than Municipal Obligations and Taxable
Investments and those arising out of transactions in futures and options or as
otherwise provided in the Fund's Prospectus.
9. Invest in securities of other investment companies, except to the
extent permitted under the 1940 Act.
10. Pledge, hypothecate, mortgage or otherwise encumber its assets,
except to the extent necessary to secure permitted borrowings and to the extent
related to the deposit of assets in escrow in connection with the purchase of
securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis and collateral and initial
or variation margin arrangements with respect to options, forward contracts,
futures contracts, including those related to indices, and options on futures
contracts or indices.
11. Enter into repurchase agreements providing for settlement in more
than seven days after notice or purchase securities which are illiquid (which
securities could include participation interests (including municipal
lease/purchase agreements) that are not subject to the demand feature described
in the Fund's Prospectus, and floating and variable rate demand obligations as
to which the Fund cannot exercise the demand feature described in the Fund's
Prospectus on less than seven days' notice and as to which there is no secondary
market), if, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets would be so
invested.
12. Invest in companies for the purpose of exercising control.
For purposes of Investment Restriction No. 1, industrial development
bonds, where the payment of principal and interest is the ultimate
responsibility of companies within the same industry, are grouped together as an
"industry."
If a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time of investment, a
later change in percentage resulting from a change in values or assets will not
constitute a violation of such restriction.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The Fund's Board is responsible for the management and supervision of
the Fund. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Fund and
those companies that furnish services to the Fund. These companies are as
follows:
The Dreyfus Corporation............................Investment Adviser
Premier Mutual Fund Services, Inc..................Distributor
Dreyfus Transfer, Inc..............................Transfer Agent
The Bank of New York...............................Custodian
Board members and officers of the Fund, together with information as
to their principal business occupations during at least the last five years, are
shown below.
BOARD MEMBERS OF THE FUND
JOSEPH S. DiMARTINO, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. Since January 1995, Chairman of
the Board of various funds in the Dreyfus Family of Funds. He also is
a director of The Muscular Dystrophy Association, HealthPlan Services
Corporation, a provider of marketing, administrative and risk
management services to health and other benefit programs, Carlyle
Industries, Inc. (formerly, Belding Heminway Company, Inc.), a button
packager and distributor, Career Blazers, Inc. (formerly, Staffing
Resources, Inc.), a temporary placement agency, and Century Business
Services, Inc., a provider of various outsourcing functions for small
and medium sized companies. For more than five years prior to January
1995, he was President, a director and, until August 1994, Chief
Operating Officer of the Manager and Executive Vice President and a
director of Dreyfus Service Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of
the Manager and, until August 24, 1994, the Fund's distributor. From
August 1994 until December 31, 1994, he was a director of Mellon
Financial Corporation. He is 56 years old and his address is 200 Park
Avenue, New York, New York 10166.
LUCY WILSON BENSON, BOARD MEMBER. President of Benson and Associates,
consultants to business and government. Mrs. Benson is a director of
COMSAT Corporation and Logistics Management Institute. She is also a
Trustee of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Vice Chairman of the Board
of Trustees of Lafayette College, Vice Chairman of the Citizens
Network for Foreign Affairs and of The Atlantic Council of the U.S.
and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Mrs. Benson was a
director of The Grumman Corporation from 1980 to 1994, and of General
RE Corporation from 1990 to 1998. Mrs. Benson served as a consultant
to the U.S. Department of State and to SRI International from 1980 to
1981. From 1977 to 1980, she was Under Secretary of State for Security
Assistance, Science and Technology. She is 72 years old and her
address is 46 Sunset Avenue, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002.
DAVID W. BURKE, BOARD MEMBER. Board member of various funds in the Dreyfus
Family of Funds. Chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors, an
independent board within the United States Information Agency, from
August 1994 to November 1998. From August 1994 to December 1994, Mr.
Burke was a Consultant to the Manager, and from October 1990 to August
1994, he was Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer of the
Manager. From 1977 to 1990, Mr. Burke was involved in the management
of national television news, as Vice President and Executive Vice
President of ABC News, and subsequently as President of CBS News. He
is 63 years old and his address is Box 654, Eastham, Massachusetts
02642.
MARTIN D. FIFE, BOARD MEMBER. Chairman of the Board of Magar Inc., a company
specializing in financial products and developing early stage
companies. In addition, Mr. Fife is Chairman of the Board and Chief
Executive Officer of Skysat Communications Network Corporation, a
company developing telecommunications systems. Mr. Fife also serves on
the boards of various other companies. He is 72 years old and his
address is The Chrysler Building, 405 Lexington Avenue, New York, New
York 10174.
WHITNEY I. GERARD, BOARD MEMBER. Partner of the New York City law firm of
Chadbourne & Parke. He is 65 years old and his address is 30
Rockefeller Plaza, New York, New York 10112.
ROBERT R. GLAUBER, BOARD MEMBER. Research Fellow, Center for Business and
Government at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard
University, since January 1992. Mr. Glauber was Under Secretary of the
Treasury for Finance at the U.S. Treasury Department from May 1989 to
January 1992. For more than 5 years prior thereto, he was a Professor
of Finance at the Graduate School of Business Administration of
Harvard University and, from 1985 to 1989, Chairman of its Advanced
Management Program. He is chairman of The Measurisk Group, a risk
measurement advisory and software development firm, co-chairman of the
Investment Committee, Massachusetts State Retirement Fund. He is also
a director of The Dun & Bradstreet Corp., Exel Limited, a Bermuda
based insurance company, Mid Ocean Reinsurance Co. Ltd. and Cooke
Bieler, Inc., investment counselors, National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc., NASD Regulation, Inc. and the Federal
Reserve Bank of Boston. He is 60 years old and his address is 79 John
F. Kennedy Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
ARTHUR A. HARTMAN, BOARD MEMBER. Senior consultant with APCO Associates Inc.
From 1981 to 1987, he was United States Ambassador to the former
Soviet Union. He is a director of the ITT Hartford Insurance Group,
Ford Meter Box Corporation and Lawter International, and a member of
the advisory councils of several other companies, research institutes
and foundations. Ambassador Hartman is Chairman of First NIS Regional
Fund (ING/Barings Management). He is a former President of the Harvard
Board of Overseers. He is 73 years old and his address is 2738
McKinley Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20015.
GEORGE L. PERRY, BOARD MEMBER. An economist and Senior Fellow at the
Brookings Institution since 1969. He is co-director of the Brookings
Panel on Economic Activity and editor of its journal, The Brookings
Papers. He is also a director of the State Farm Mutual Automobile
Association, State Farm Life Insurance Company and Federal Realty
Investment Trust. He is 65 years old and his address is 1775
Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
PAUL D. WOLFOWITZ, BOARD MEMBER. Dean of The Paul H. Nitze School of
Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University. From 1989
to 1993, he was Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. From 1986 to
1989, he was the U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Indonesia. From
1982 to 1986, he was Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and
Pacific Affairs of the Department of State. He is a director of
Hasbro, Inc. He is 53 years old and his address is 1740 Massachusetts
Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
The Fund has a standing nominating committee comprised of its Board
members who are not "interested persons" of the Fund, as defined in the 1940
Act. The function of the nominating committee is to select and nominate all
candidates who are not "interested persons" of the Fund for election to the
Fund's Board.
The Fund typically pays its Board members an annual retainer and a per
meeting fee and reimburses them for their expenses. The Chairman of the Board
receives an additional 25% of such compensation. Emeritus Board members are
entitled to receive an annual retainer and a per meeting fee of one-half the
amount paid to them as Board members. The aggregate amount of compensation paid
to each Board member by the Fund for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999, and
by all funds in the Dreyfus Family of Funds for which such person was a Board
member (the number of which is set forth in parenthesis next to each Board
member's total compensation)* during the year ended December 31, 1998 was as
follows:
<PAGE>
Aggregate Total Compensation from
Name of Board Compensation from Fund and Fund Complex
Member Fund** Paid to Board Member
--------- ----------------- ------------------------
Joseph S. DiMartino $8,750 $619,660 (187)
Lucy Wilson Benson $7,000 $ 77,168 (24)
David W. Burke $7,000 $233,500 (62)
Martin D. Fife $7,000 $ 56,000 (15)
Whitney I. Gerard $7,000 $ 60,250 (15)
Robert R. Glauber $6,000 $ 88,250 (41)
Arthur A. Hartman $6,500 $ 55,750 (15)
George L. Perry $6,000 $ 51,750 (15)
Paul D. Wolfowitz $6,500 $ 49,500 (14)
- ---------------------
* Represents the number of separate portfolios comprising the investment
companies in the Fund Complex, including the Fund, for which the Board
member serves.
** Amount does not include reimbursed expenses for attending Board
meetings, which amounted to $1,244 for all Board members as a group.
OFFICERS OF THE FUND
MARIE E. CONNOLLY, PRESIDENT AND TREASURER. President, Chief Executive
Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and a director of the Distributor
and Funds Distributor, Inc., the ultimate parent of which is Boston
Institutional Group, Inc., and an officer of other investment
companies advised or administered by the Manager. She is 42 years old.
MARGARET W. CHAMBERS, VICE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY. Senior Vice President and
General Counsel of Funds Distributor, Inc., and an officer of other
investment companies advised or administered by the Manager. From
August 1996 to March 1998, she was Vice President and Assistant
General Counsel for Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. From January 1986
to July 1996, she was an associate with the law firm of Ropes & Gray.
She is 40 years old.
*FREDERICK C. DEY, VICE PRESIDENT AND ASSISTANT TREASURER AND ASSISTANT
SECRETARY. Vice President, New Business Development of Funds
Distributor, Inc., since September 1994, and an officer of other
investment companies advised or administered by the Manager. He is 37
years old.
STEPHANIE D. PIERCE, VICE PRESIDENT, ASSISTANT SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT
TREASURER. Vice President of the Distributor and Funds Distributor,
Inc., and an officer of other investment companies advised or
administered by the Manager. From April 1997 to March 1998, she was
employed as a Relationship Manager with Citibank, N.A. From August
1995 to April 1997, she was an Assistant Vice President with Hudson
Valley Bank, and from September 1990 to August 1995, she was Second
Vice President with Chase Manhattan Bank. She is 31 years old.
*JOHN P. COVINO, VICE PRESIDENT AND ASSISTANT TREASURER. Vice President and
Treasury Group Manager of Treasury Servicing and Administration of
Funds Distributor, Inc., since December 1998. From December 1995 to
November 1998, he was employed by Fidelity Investments where he held
multiple positions in their Institutional Brokerage Group. Prior to
joining Fidelity, he was employed by SunGard Brokerage systems where
he was responsible for the technology and development of the
accounting product group. He is 36 years old.
MARY A. NELSON, VICE PRESIDENT AND ASSISTANT TREASURER. Vice President of
the Distributor and Funds Distributor, Inc., and an officer of other
investment companies advised or administered by the Manager. She is 35
years old.
*GEORGE A. RIO, VICE PRESIDENT AND ASSISTANT TREASURER. Executive Vice
President and Client Service Director of Funds Distributor, Inc., and
an officer of other investment companies advised or administered by
the Manager. From June 1995 to March 1998, he was Senior Vice
President and Senior Key Account Manager for Putnam Mutual Funds. From
May 1994 to June 1995, he was Director of Business Development for
First Data Corporation. He is 44 years old.
JOSEPH F. TOWER, III, VICE PRESIDENT AND ASSISTANT TREASURER. Senior Vice
President, Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and a director of the
Distributor and Funds Distributor, Inc., and an officer of other
investment companies advised or administered by the Manager. He is 37
years old.
DOUGLAS C. CONROY, VICE PRESIDENT AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY. Assistant Vice
President of Funds Distributor, Inc., and an officer of other
investment companies advised or administered by the Manager. From
April 1993 to January 1995, he was a Senior Fund Accountant for
Investors Bank & Trust Company. He is 30 years old.
*KAREN JACOPPO-WOOD, VICE PRESIDENT AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY. Vice President
and Senior Counsel of Funds Distributor, Inc., since February 1997,
and an officer of other investment companies advised or administered
by the Manager. From June 1994 to January 1996, she was Manager of SEC
Registration at Scudder, Stevens & Clark, Inc. She is 32 years old.
CHRISTOPHER J. KELLEY, VICE PRESIDENT AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY. Vice President
and Senior Associate General Counsel of Funds Distributor, Inc., and
an officer of other investment companies advised or administered by
the Manager. From April 1994 to July 1996, he was Assistant Counsel at
Forum Financial Group. He is 34 years old.
KATHLEEN K. MORRISEY, VICE PRESIDENT AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY. Manager of
Treasury Services Administration of Funds Distributor, Inc., and an
officer of other investment companies advised or administered by the
Manager. From July 1994 to November 1995, she was a Fund Accountant
for Investors Bank & Trust Company. She is 27 years old.
ELBA VASQUEZ, VICE PRESIDENT AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY. Assistant Vice
President of Funds Distributor, Inc., and an officer of other
investment companies advised or administered by the Manager. From
March 1990 to May 1996, she was employed by U.S. Trust Company of New
York where she held various sales and marketing positions. She is 37
years old.
The address of each officer of the Fund is 200 Park Avenue, New York,
New York 10166, except those officers indicated by an (*), whose address is 60
State Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.
The Fund's Board members and officers, as a group, owned less than 1%
of the Fund's shares outstanding on July 2, 1999.
The following persons are known by the Fund to own of record 5% or
more of the Fund's outstanding voting securities as of July 2, 1999: Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc., Reinvest Account, 101 Montgomery Street, San Francisco,
California, 94104-4122--18.4285%; and Suntrust Equitable Securities, Attn.:
Center 3907, 23rd floor, 303 Peachtree St. NE, Atlanta, Georgia
30308-3201--6.2718%.
MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS
INVESTMENT ADVISER. The Manager is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mellon
Bank, N.A., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mellon Financial
Corporation ("Mellon"). Mellon is a publicly owned multibank holding company
incorporated under Pennsylvania law in 1971 and registered under the Federal
Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. Mellon provides a comprehensive
range of financial products and services in domestic and selected international
markets. Mellon is among the twenty-five largest bank holding companies in the
United States based on total assets.
The Manager provides management services pursuant to a Management
Agreement (the "Agreement") between the Fund and the Manager. The Agreement is
subject to annual approval by (i) the Fund's Board or (ii) vote of a majority
(as defined in the 1940 Act) of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund,
provided that in either event the continuance also is approved by a majority of
the Board members who are not "interested persons" (as defined in the 1940 Act)
of the Fund or the Manager, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the
purpose of voting on such approval. The Agreement is terminable without penalty,
on 60 days' notice, by the Fund's Board or by vote of the holders of a majority
of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or, on not less than 90 days'
notice, by the Manager. The Agreement will terminate automatically in the event
of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The following persons are officers and/or directors of the Manager:
Christopher M. Condron, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer;
Stephen E. Canter, President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Investment Officer
and a director; Lawrence S. Kash, Vice Chairman and a director; J. David
Officer, Vice Chairman and a director; Thomas F. Eggers, Vice
Chairman--Institutional and a director; Ronald P. O'Hanley III, Vice Chairman;
William T. Sandalls, Jr., Executive Vice President; Mark N. Jacobs, Vice
President, General Counsel and Secretary; Diane P. Durnin, Vice
President--Product Development; Patrice M. Kozlowski, Vice President--Corporate
Communications; Mary Beth Leibig, Vice President--Human Resources; Andrew S.
Wasser, Vice President--Information Systems; Theodore A. Schachar, Vice
President; Wendy Strutt, Vice President; Richard Terres, Vice President; William
H. Maresca, Controller; James Bitetto, Assistant Secretary; Steven F. Newman,
Assistant Secretary; and Mandell L. Berman, Burton C. Borgelt, Steven G. Elliot,
Martin C. McGuinn, Richard W. Sabo and Richard F. Syron, directors.
The Manager manages the Fund's portfolio of investments in accordance
with the stated policies of the Fund, subject to the approval of the Fund's
Board. The Manager is responsible for investment decisions, and provides the
Fund with portfolio managers who are authorized by the Board to execute
purchases and sales of securities. The Fund's portfolio managers are Joseph P.
Darcy, A. Paul Disdier, Richard J. Moynihan, Jill C. Shaffro, Samuel J.
Weinstock and Monica S. Wieboldt. The Manager also maintains a research
department with a professional staff of portfolio managers and securities
analysts who provide research services for the Fund and for other funds advised
by the Manager.
The Manager maintains office facilities on behalf of the Fund, and
furnishes statistical and research data, clerical help, accounting, data
processing, bookkeeping and internal auditing and certain other required
services to the Fund. The Manager may pay the Distributor for shareholder
services from the Manager's own assets, including past profits but not including
the management fee paid by the Fund. The Distributor may use part or all of such
payments to pay Service Agents (as defined below) in respect of these services.
The Manager also may make such advertising and promotional expenditures, using
its own resources, as it from time to time deems appropriate.
The Manager has a personal securities trading policy (the "Policy")
which restricts the personal securities transactions of its employees. Its
primary purpose is to ensure that personal trading by the Manager's employees
does not disadvantage any fund managed by the Manager. Under the Policy, the
Manager's employees must preclear personal transactions in securities not exempt
under the Policy. In addition, the Manager's employees must report their
personal securities transactions and holdings, which are reviewed for compliance
with the Policy. In that regard, the Manager's portfolio managers and other
investment personnel also are subject to the oversight of Mellon's Investment
Ethics Committee. Portfolio managers and other investment personnel of the
Manager who comply with the Policy's preclearance and disclosure procedures and
the requirements of the Committee may be permitted to purchase, sell or hold
securities which also may be or are held in fund(s) they manage or for which
they otherwise provide investment advice.
All expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund are borne by the
Fund, except to the extent specifically assumed by the Manager. The expenses
borne by the Fund include: taxes, interest, loan commitment fees, interest and
distributions paid on securities sold short, brokerage fees and commissions, if
any, fees of Board members who are not officers, directors, employees or holders
of 5% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the Manager, Securities
and Exchange Commission fees, state Blue Sky qualification fees, advisory fees,
charges of custodians, transfer and dividend disbursing agents' fees, certain
insurance premiums, industry association fees, outside auditing and legal
expenses, costs of independent pricing services, costs of maintaining the Fund's
existence, costs attributable to investor services (including, without
limitation, telephone and personnel expenses), costs of preparing and printing
prospectuses and statements of additional information for regulatory purposes
and for distribution in existing shareholders, costs of shareholders' reports
and meetings and any extraordinary expenses. In addition, Fund shares are
subject to an annual service and distribution fee. See "Service Plan."
As compensation for the Manager's services, the Fund has agreed to pay
the Manager a monthly management fee at the annual rate of .50% of the value of
the Fund's average daily net assets. All fees and expenses are accrued daily and
deducted before declaration of dividends to investors. For the fiscal years
ended March 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, the management fees payable by the Fund
amounted to $1,638,089, $1,506,201 and $1,480,921, respectively. For the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1997, the management fee payable by the Fund was reduced by
$72,080 pursuant to an undertaking by the Manager then in effect, resulting in a
net fee paid by the Fund of $1,566,009 in fiscal 1997.
The Manager has agreed that if in any fiscal year the aggregate
expenses of the Fund, exclusive of taxes, brokerage, interest on borrowings and
(with the prior written consent of the necessary state securities commissions)
extraordinary expenses, but including the management fee, exceed 1-1/2% of the
value of the Fund's average net assets for the fiscal year, the Fund may deduct
from the payment to be made to the Manager under the Agreement, or the Manager
will bear, such excess expense. Such deduction or payment, if any, will be
estimated daily, and reconciled and effected or paid, as the case may be, on a
monthly basis. No expense reimbursement was required under the expense
limitation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999.
The aggregate of the fees payable to the Manager is not subject to
reduction as the value of the Fund's net assets increases.
DISTRIBUTOR. The Distributor, located at 60 State Street, Boston,
Massachusetts 02109, serves as the Fund's distributor on a best efforts basis
pursuant to an agreement which is renewable annually.
TRANSFER AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT AND CUSTODIAN. Dreyfus
Transfer, Inc. (the "Transfer Agent"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Manager,
P.O. Box 9671, Providence, Rhode Island 02940-9671, is the Fund's transfer and
dividend disbursing agent. Under a transfer agency agreement with the Fund, the
Transfer Agent arranges for the maintenance of shareholder account records for
the Fund, the handling of certain communications between shareholders and the
Fund and the payment of dividends and distributions payable by the Fund. For
these services, the Transfer Agent receives a monthly fee computed on the basis
of the number of shareholder accounts it maintains for the Fund during the
month, and is reimbursed for certain out-of-pocket expenses.
The Bank of New York (the "Custodian"), 100 Church Street, 10th
Floor, New York, New York 10286, is the Fund's custodian. The Custodian has no
part in determining the investment policies of the Fund or which securities are
to be purchased or sold by the Fund. Under a custody agreement with the Fund,
the Custodian holds the Fund's securities and keeps all necessary accounts and
records. For its custody services, the Custodian receives a monthly fee based on
the market value of the Fund's assets held in custody and receives certain
securities transactions charges.
HOW TO BUY SHARES
GENERAL. Fund shares are sold through the Distributor or certain
financial institutions (which may include banks), securities dealers ("Selected
Dealers") and other industry professionals, such as investment advisers,
accountants and estate planning firms (collectively, "Service Agents"), that
have entered into service agreements with the Distributor. Share certificates
are issued only upon your written request. It is not recommended that the Fund
be used as a vehicle for Keogh, IRA or other qualified plans. No certificates
are issued for fractional shares. The Fund reserves the right to reject any
purchase order.
The minimum initial investment is $2,500, or $1,000 if you are a
client of a Service Agent which maintains an omnibus account in the Fund and has
made an aggregate minimum initial purchase for its customers of $2,500.
Subsequent investments must be at least $100. The initial investment must be
accompanied by the Account Application. For full-time or part-time employees of
the Manager or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries, directors of the Manager,
Board members of a fund advised by the Manager, including members of the Fund's
Board, or the spouse or minor child of any of the foregoing, the minimum initial
investment is $1,000. For full-time or part-time employees of the Manager or any
of its affiliates or subsidiaries who elect to have a portion of their pay
directly deposited into their Fund accounts, the minimum initial investment is
$50. The Fund reserves the right to vary the initial and subsequent investment
minimum requirements at any time.
Fund shares also are offered without regard to the minimum initial
investment requirements through Dreyfus-AUTOMATIC Asset Builder(R), Dreyfus
Government Direct Deposit Privilege or Dreyfus Payroll Savings Plan pursuant to
the Dreyfus Step Program described under "Shareholder Services." These services
enable you to make regularly scheduled investments and may provide you with a
convenient way to invest for long-term financial goals. You should be aware,
however, that periodic investment plans do not guarantee a profit and will not
protect an investor against loss in a declining market.
Management understands that some Service Agents may impose certain
conditions on their clients which are different from those described in the
Fund's Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information, and, to the
extent permitted by applicable regulatory authority, may charge their clients
direct fees. You should consult your Service Agent in this regard.
Shares are sold on a continuous basis at the net asset value per share
next determined after an order in proper form is received by the Transfer Agent
or other entity authorized to receive orders on behalf of the Fund. Net asset
value per share is determined as of the close of trading on the floor of the New
York Stock Exchange (currently 4:00 p.m., New York time) on each day the New
York Stock Exchange is open for business. For purposes of computing net asset
value per share, options and futures contracts will be valued 15 minutes after
the close of trading on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Net asset
value per share is computed by dividing the value of the Fund's net assets
(i.e., the value of its assets less liabilities) by the total number of shares
outstanding. The Fund's investments are valued each business day by an
independent pricing service approved by the Fund's Board and are valued at fair
value as determined by the pricing service. The pricing service's procedures are
reviewed under the general supervision of the Fund's Board. For further
information regarding the methods employed in valuing the Fund's investments,
see "Determination of Net Asset Value."
DREYFUS TELETRANSFER PRIVILEGE. You may purchase shares by telephone
if you have checked the appropriate box and supplied the necessary information
on the Account Application or have filed a Shareholder Services Form with the
Transfer Agent. The proceeds will be transferred between the bank account
designated in one of these documents and your Fund account. Only a bank account
maintained in a domestic financial institution which is an Automated Clearing
House ("ACH") member may be so designated.
Dreyfus TELETRANSFER purchase orders may be made at any time. Purchase
orders received by 4:00 p.m., New York time, on any day that the Transfer Agent
and the New York Stock Exchange are open for business will be credited to the
shareholder's Fund account on the next bank business day following such purchase
order. Purchase orders made after 4:00 p.m., New York time, on any day the
Transfer Agent and the New York Stock Exchange are open for business, or orders
made on Saturday, Sunday or any Fund holiday (e.g., when the New York Stock
Exchange is not open for business), will be credited to the shareholder's Fund
account on the second bank business day following such purchase order. To
qualify to use the Dreyfus TELETRANSFER Privilege, the initial payment for
purchase of Fund shares must be drawn on, and redemption proceeds paid to, the
same bank and account as are designated on the Account Application or
Shareholder Services Form on file. If the proceeds of a particular redemption
are to be wired to an account at any other bank, the request must be in writing
and signature-guaranteed. See "How to Redeem Shares--Dreyfus TELETRANSFER
Privilege."
REOPENING AN ACCOUNT. You may reopen an account with a minimum
investment of $100 without filing a new Account Application during the calendar
year the account is closed or during the following calendar year, provided the
information on the old Account Application is still applicable.
SERVICE PLAN
Rule 12b-1 (the "Rule") adopted by the Securities and Exchange
Commission under the 1940 Act provides, among other things, that an investment
company may bear expenses of distributing its shares only pursuant to a plan
adopted in accordance with the Rule. The Fund's Board has adopted such a plan
(the "Service Plan"), pursuant to which the Fund (i) reimburses the Distributor
for payments to certain Service Agents for distributing Fund shares and
servicing shareholder accounts ("Servicing") and (ii) pays the Manager and
Dreyfus Service Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Manager, and any
affiliate of either of them (collectively, "Dreyfus") for advertising and
marketing relating to the Fund and for Servicing, at the aggregate annual rate
of .10% of the value of the Fund's average daily net assets. The Fund's Board
believes that there is a reasonable likelihood that the Service Plan will
benefit the Fund and its shareholders.
Each of the Distributor and Dreyfus may pay one or more Service Agents
a fee in respect of Fund shares owned by shareholders with whom the Service
Agent has a Servicing relationship or for whom the Service Agent is the dealer
or holder of record. Each of the Distributor and Dreyfus determines the amounts,
if any, to be paid to Service Agents under the Service Plan and the basis on
which such payments are made. The fees payable under the Service Plan are
payable without regard to actual expenses incurred.
The Fund bears the costs of preparing and printing prospectuses and
statements of additional information used for regulatory purposes and for
distribution to existing shareholders. Under the Service Plan, the Fund bears
(i) the costs of preparing, printing and distributing prospectuses and
statements of additional information used for other purposes, and (ii) the costs
associated with implementing and operating the Service Plan (such as costs of
printing and mailing service agreements), the aggregate of such amounts not to
exceed in any fiscal year of the Fund the greater of $100,000 or .005% of the
value of the Fund's average daily net assets for such fiscal year.
A quarterly report of the amounts expended under the Service Plan, and
the purposes for which such expenditures were incurred, must be made to the
Fund's Board for its review. In addition, the Service Plan provides that it may
not be amended to increase materially the costs which the Fund may bear for
distribution pursuant to the Service Plan without shareholder approval and that
other material amendments of the Service Plan must be approved by the Fund's
Board, and by the Board members who are not "interested persons" (as defined in
the 1940 Act) of the Fund or the Manager and have no direct or indirect
financial interest in the operation of the Service Plan or in the related
service agreements, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose
of considering such amendments. The Service Plan and the related service
agreements are subject to annual approval by such vote of the Board members cast
in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Service Plan. The
Service Plan is terminable at any time by vote of a majority of the Board
members who are not "interested persons" and have no direct or indirect
financial interest in the operation of the Service Plan or in any of the related
service agreements or by vote of a majority of the Fund's shares.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999, the Fund paid $303,474
pursuant to the Service Plan, of which $222,138 was paid to Dreyfus for
advertising and marketing Fund shares and for Servicing, $74,046 was paid to the
Distributor to reimburse the Distributor for payments to Service Agents for
distributing Fund shares and Servicing, and $7,290 was paid for preparing,
printing and distributing prospectuses and statements of additional information
and implementing and operating the Service Plan.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
REDEMPTION FEE. The Fund will deduct a redemption fee equal to .10% of
the net asset value of Fund shares redeemed (including redemptions through the
use of the Fund Exchanges service) less than 15 days following the issuance of
such shares. The redemption fee will be deducted from the redemption proceeds
and retained by the Fund. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999, the Fund
retained $0 in redemption fees.
No redemption fee will be charged on the redemption or exchange of
shares (1) through the Fund's Check Redemption Privilege, Automatic Withdrawal
Plan, or Dreyfus Auto-Exchange Privilege, (2) through accounts that are
reflected on the records of the Transfer Agent as omnibus accounts approved by
Dreyfus Service Corporation, (3) through accounts established by Service Agents
approved by Dreyfus Service Corporation that utilize the National Securities
Clearing Corporation's networking system, or (4) acquired through the
reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions. The redemption fee may
be waived, modified or terminated at any time, or from time to time.
CHECK REDEMPTION PRIVILEGE. The Fund provides Redemption Checks
("Checks") automatically upon opening an account, unless you specifically refuse
the Check Redemption Privilege by checking the applicable "No" box on the
Account Application. The Check Redemption Privilege may be established for an
existing account by a separate signed Shareholder Services Form. Checks will be
sent only to the registered owner(s) of the account and only to the address of
record. The Account Application or Shareholder Services Form must be manually
signed by the registered owner(s). Checks may be made payable to the order of
any person in an amount of $500 or more. When a Check is presented to the
Transfer Agent for payment, the Transfer Agent, as your agent, will cause the
Fund to redeem a sufficient number of shares in your account to cover the amount
of the Check. Dividends are earned until the Check clears. After clearance, a
copy of the Check will be returned to you. You generally will be subject to the
same rules and regulations that apply to checking accounts, although the
election of this Privilege creates only a shareholder-transfer agent
relationship with the Transfer Agent.
You should date your Checks with the current date when you write them.
Please do not postdate your Checks. If you do, the Transfer Agent will honor,
upon presentment, even if presented before the date of the Check, all postdated
Checks which are dated within six months of presentment for payment, if they are
otherwise in good order.
Checks are free, but the Transfer Agent will impose a fee for stopping
payment of a Check upon your request or if the Transfer Agent cannot honor a
Check due to insufficient funds or other valid reason. If the amount of the
Check is greater than the value of the shares in your account, the Check will be
returned marked insufficient funds. Checks should not be used to close an
account.
This Privilege will be terminated immediately, without notice, with
respect to any account which is, or becomes, subject to backup withholding on
redemptions. Any Redemption Check written on an account which has become subject
to backup withholding on redemptions will not be honored by the Transfer Agent.
WIRE REDEMPTION PRIVILEGE. By using this Privilege, you authorize the
Transfer Agent to act on wire, telephone or letter redemption instructions from
any person representing himself or herself to be you and reasonably believed by
the Transfer Agent to be genuine. Ordinarily, the Fund will initiate payment for
shares redeemed pursuant to this Privilege on the next business day after
receipt by the Transfer Agent of a redemption request in proper form. Redemption
proceeds ($1,000 minimum) will be transferred by Federal Reserve wire only to
the commercial bank account specified by you on the Account Application or
Shareholder Services Form, or to a correspondent bank if your bank is not a
member of the Federal Reserve System. Fees ordinarily are imposed by such bank
and borne by the investor. Immediate notification by the correspondent bank to
your bank is necessary to avoid a delay in crediting the funds to your bank
account.
If you have access to telegraphic equipment, you may wire redemption
requests to the Transfer Agent by employing the following transmittal code which
may be used for domestic or overseas transmissions:
Transfer Agent's
Transmittal Code Answer Back Sign
144295 144295 TSSG PREP
If you do not have direct access to telegraphic equipment, you may
have the wire transmitted by contacting a TRT Cables operator at 1-800-654-7171,
toll free. You should advise the operator that the above transmittal code must
be used and should also inform the operator of the Transfer Agent's answer back
sign.
To change the commercial bank or account designated to receive
redemption proceeds, a written request must be sent to the Transfer Agent. This
request must be signed by each shareholder, with each signature guaranteed as
described below under "Share Certificates; Signatures."
DREYFUS TELETRANSFER PRIVILEGE. You may request by telephone that
redemption proceeds be transferred between your Fund account and your bank
account. Only a bank account maintained in a domestic financial institution
which is an ACH member may be designated. Holders of jointly registered Fund or
bank accounts may redeem through the Dreyfus TELETRANSFER Privilege for transfer
to their bank account not more than $250,000 within any 30-day period. You
should be aware that if you have selected the Dreyfus TELETRANSFER Privilege,
any request for a wire redemption will be effected as a Dreyfus TELETRANSFER
transaction through the ACH system unless more prompt transmittal specifically
is requested. Redemption proceeds will be on deposit in your account at an ACH
member bank ordinarily two business days after receipt of the redemption
request. See "How to Buy Shares--Dreyfus TELETRANSFER Privilege."
REDEMPTION THROUGH A SELECTED DEALER. If you are a customer of a
Selected Dealer, you may make redemption requests to your Selected Dealer. If
the Selected Dealer transmits the redemption request so that it is received by
the Transfer Agent by the close of trading on the floor of the New York Stock
Exchange on a given day, the redemption request will be effective on that day.
If a redemption request is received by the Transfer Agent after the close of
trading on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, the redemption request will
be effective on the next business day. It is the responsibility of the Selected
Dealer to transmit a request so that it is received in a timely manner. The
proceeds of the redemption are credited to your account with the Selected
Dealer.
SHARE CERTIFICATES; SIGNATURES. Any certificates representing Fund
shares to be redeemed must be submitted with the redemption request. Written
redemption requests must be signed by each shareholder, including each holder of
a joint account, and each signature must be guaranteed. Signatures on endorsed
certificates submitted for redemption also must be guaranteed. The Transfer
Agent has adopted standards and procedures pursuant to which
signature-guarantees in proper form generally will be accepted from domestic
banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges,
registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations,
as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature
Program, the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program ("STAMP") and the
Stock Exchanges Medallion Program. Guarantees must be signed by an authorized
signatory of the guarantor, and "Signature-Guaranteed" must appear with the
signature. The Transfer Agent may request additional documentation from
corporations, executors, administrators, trustees or guardians, and may accept
other suitable verification arrangements from foreign investors, such as
consular verification. For more information with respect to
signature-guarantees, please call one of the telephone numbers listed on the
cover.
REDEMPTION COMMITMENT. The Fund has committed itself to pay in cash
all redemption requests by any shareholder of record, limited in amount during
any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value of the Fund's net
assets at the beginning of such period. Such commitment is irrevocable without
the prior approval of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In the case of
requests for redemption in excess of such amount, the Board reserves the right
to make payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets of the Fund
in case of an emergency or any time a cash distribution would impair the
liquidity of the Fund to the detriment of the existing shareholders. In such
event, the securities would be valued in the same manner as the Fund's portfolio
is valued. If the recipient sells such securities, brokerage charges might be
incurred.
SUSPENSION OF REDEMPTIONS. The right of redemption may be suspended or
the date of payment postponed (a) during any period when the New York Stock
Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings), (b) when
trading in the markets the Fund ordinarily utilizes is restricted, or when an
emergency exists as determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission so that
disposal of the Fund's investments or determination of its net asset value is
not reasonably practicable, or (c) for such other periods as the Securities and
Exchange Commission by order may permit to protect the Fund's shareholders.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
FUND EXCHANGES. You may purchase, in exchange for shares of the Fund,
shares of certain other funds managed or administered by the Manager, to the
extent such shares are offered for sale in your state of residence. The Fund
will deduct a redemption fee equal to .10% of the net asset value of Fund shares
exchanged out of the Fund where the exchange is made less than 15 days after the
issuance of such shares. Shares of other funds purchased by exchange will be
purchased on the basis of relative net asset value per share as follows:
A. Exchanges for shares of funds offered without a sales load
will be made without a sales load.
B. Shares of funds purchased without a sales load may be
exchanged for shares of other funds sold with a sales load,
and the applicable sales load will be deducted.
C. Shares of funds purchased with a sales load may be exchanged
without a sales load for shares of other funds sold without
a sales load.
D. Shares of funds purchased with a sales load, shares of funds
acquired by a previous exchange from shares purchased with a
sales load, and additional shares acquired through
reinvestment of dividends or distributions of any such funds
(collectively referred to herein as "Purchased Shares") may
be exchanged for shares of other funds sold with a sales
load (referred to herein as "Offered Shares"), but if the
sales load applicable to the Offered Shares exceeds the
maximum sales load that could have been imposed in
connection with the Purchased Shares (at the time the
Purchased Shares were acquired), without giving effect to
any reduced loads, the difference will be deducted.
To accomplish an exchange under item D above, you must notify the
Transfer Agent of your prior ownership of fund shares and your account number.
To request an exchange, you, or your Service Agent acting on your
behalf, must give exchange instructions to the Transfer Agent in writing or by
telephone. The ability to issue exchange instructions by telephone is given to
all Fund shareholders automatically, unless you check the applicable "No" box on
the Account Application, indicating that you specifically refuse this Privilege.
By using the Telephone Exchange Privilege, you authorize the Transfer Agent to
act on telephonic instructions (including over The Dreyfus Touch(R) automated
telephone system) from any person representing himself or herself to be you, or
a representative of your Service Agent, and reasonably believed by the Transfer
Agent to be genuine. Telephone exchanges may be subject to limitations as to the
amount involved or the number of telephone exchanges permitted. Shares issued in
certificate form are not eligible for telephone exchange. No fees currently are
charged shareholders directly in connection with exchanges, although the Fund
reserves the right, upon not less than 60 days' written notice, to charge
shareholders a nominal administrative fee in accordance with rules promulgated
by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
To establish a personal retirement plan by exchange, shares of the
fund being exchanged must have a value of at least the minimum initial
investment required for the fund into which the exchange is being made.
DREYFUS AUTO-EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE. Dreyfus Auto-Exchange Privilege
permits you to purchase, in exchange for shares of the Fund, shares of another
fund in the Dreyfus Family of Funds of which you are a shareholder. This
Privilege is available only for existing accounts and to shareholders residing
in any state in which shares of the fund being acquired may legally be sold.
Shares will be exchanged on the basis of relative net asset value as described
above under "Fund Exchanges." Enrollment in or modification or cancellation of
this Privilege is effective three business days following notification by the
investor. You will be notified if your account falls below the amount designated
to be exchanged under this Privilege. In this case, your account will fall to
zero unless additional investments are made in excess of the designated amount
prior to the next Auto-Exchange transaction. Shares held under IRA and other
retirement plans are eligible for this Privilege. Exchanges of IRA shares may be
made between IRA accounts from regular accounts to IRA accounts, but not from
IRA accounts to regular accounts. With respect to all other retirement accounts,
exchanges may be made only among those accounts.
Shareholder Services Forms and prospectuses of the other funds may be
obtained by calling 1-800-645-6561. The Fund reserves the right to reject any
exchange request in whole or in part. Shares may be exchanged only between
accounts having identical names and other identifying designations. The Fund
Exchanges service or the Dreyfus Auto-Exchange Privilege may be modified or
terminated at any time upon notice to shareholders.
DREYFUS-AUTOMATIC ASSET BUILDER(R). DreyfuS-AUTOMATic Asset Builder
permits you to purchase Fund shares (minimum of $100 and maximum of $150,000 per
transaction) at regular intervals selected by you. Fund shares are purchased by
transferring funds from the bank account designated by you.
DREYFUS GOVERNMENT DIRECT DEPOSIT PRIVILEGE. Dreyfus Government Direct
Deposit Privilege enables you to purchase Fund shares (minimum of $100 and
maximum of $50,000 per transaction) by having Federal salary, Social Security,
or certain veterans', military or other payments from the U.S. Government
automatically deposited into your fund account. You may deposit as much of such
payments as you elect.
DREYFUS PAYROLL SAVINGS PLAN. Dreyfus Payroll Savings Plan permits you
to purchase Fund shares (minimum of $100 per transaction) automatically on a
regular basis. Depending upon your employer's direct deposit program, you may
have part or all of your paycheck transferred to your existing Dreyfus account
electronically through the ACH system at each pay period. To establish a Dreyfus
Payroll Savings Plan account, you must file an authorization form with your
employer's payroll department. It is the sole responsibility of your employer,
not the Distributor, the Manager, the Fund, the Transfer Agent or any other
person, to arrange for transactions under the Dreyfus Payroll Savings Plan.
DREYFUS STEP PROGRAM. The Dreyfus Step Program enables you to purchase
Fund shares without regard to the Fund's minimum initial investment requirements
through Dreyfus-AUTOMATIC Asset Builder(R), Dreyfus Government Direct Deposit
Privilege or Dreyfus Payroll Savings Plan. To establish a Dreyfus Step Program
account, you must supply the necessary information on the Account Application
and file the required authorization form(s) with the Transfer Agent. For more
information concerning this Program, or to request the necessary authorization
form(s), please call toll free 1-800-782-6620. You may terminate your
participation in this Program at any time by discontinuing your participation in
Dreyfus-AUTOMATIC Asset Builder, Dreyfus Government Direct Deposit Privilege or
Dreyfus Payroll Savings Plan, as the case may be, as provided under the terms of
such Privilege(s). The Fund may modify or terminate this Program at any time.
DREYFUS DIVIDEND OPTIONS. Dreyfus Dividend Sweep allows you to invest
automatically your dividends or dividends and capital gain distributions, if
any, from the Fund in shares of another fund in the Dreyfus Family of Funds of
which you are a shareholder. Shares of other funds purchased pursuant to this
privilege will be purchased on the basis of relative net asset value per share
as follows:
A. Dividends and distributions paid by a fund may be invested
without imposition of a sales load in shares of other funds
offered without a sales load.
B. Dividends and distributions paid by a fund which does not
charge a sales load may be invested in shares of other funds
sold with a sales load, and the applicable sales load will
be deducted.
C. Dividends and distributions paid by a fund that charges a
sales load may be invested in shares of other funds sold
with a sales load (referred to herein as "Offered Shares"),
but if the sales load applicable to the Offered Shares
exceeds the maximum sales load charged by the fund from
which dividends or distributions are being swept (without
giving effect to any reduced loads), the difference will be
deducted.
D. Dividends and distributions paid by a fund may be invested
in shares of other funds that impose a contingent deferred
sales charge ("CDSC") and the applicable CDSC, if any, will
be imposed upon redemption of such shares.
Dreyfus Dividend ACH permits you to transfer electronically dividends
or dividends and capital gain distributions, if any, from the Fund to a
designated bank account. Only an account maintained at a domestic financial
institution which is an ACH member may be so designated. Banks may charge a fee
for this service.
AUTOMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN. The Automatic Withdrawal Plan permits you
to request withdrawal of a specified dollar amount (minimum of $50) on either a
monthly or quarterly basis if you have a $5,000 minimum account. Withdrawal
payments are the proceeds from sales of Fund shares, not the yield on the
shares. If withdrawal payments exceed reinvested dividends and distributions,
your shares will be reduced and eventually may be depleted. Automatic Withdrawal
may be terminated at any time by you, the Fund or the Transfer Agent. Shares for
which certificates have been issued may not be redeemed through the Automatic
Withdrawal Plan.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
VALUATION OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. The Fund's investments are valued
each business day by an independent pricing service (the "Service") approved by
the Fund's Board. When, in the judgment of the Service, quoted bid prices for
investments are readily available and are representative of the bid side of the
market, these investments are valued at the mean between the quoted bid prices
(as obtained by the Service from dealers in such securities) and asked prices
(as calculated by the Service based upon its evaluation of the market for such
securities). Other investments (which constitute a majority of the portfolio
securities) are carried at fair value as determined by the Service, based on
methods which include consideration of: yields or prices of municipal bonds of
comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from
dealers; and general market conditions. The Service may employ electronic data
processing techniques and/or a matrix system to determine valuations. The
Service's procedures are reviewed by the Fund's officers under the general
supervision of the Fund's Board. Expenses and fees, including the management fee
(reduced by the expense limitation, if any) and fees pursuant to the Service
Plan, are accrued daily and are taken into account for the purpose of
determining the net asset value of Fund shares.
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE CLOSINGS. The holidays (as observed) on which
the New York Stock Exchange is closed currently are: New Year's Day, Martin
Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence
Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
Management believes that the Fund qualified for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 1999 as a "regulated investment company" under the Code. The Fund
intends to continue to so qualify if such qualification is in the best interests
of its shareholders. As a regulated investment company, the Fund will pay no
Federal income tax on net investment income and net realized capital gains to
the extent that such income and gains are distributed to shareholders in
accordance with applicable provisions of the Code. To qualify as a regulated
investment company, the Fund must pay out to its shareholders at least 90% of
its net income (consisting of net investment income from tax exempt obligations
and taxable obligations, if any, and net short-term capital gains), and must
meet certain asset diversification and other requirements. If the Fund did not
qualify as a regulated investment company, it would be treated for tax purposes
as an ordinary corporation subject to Federal income tax. The term "regulated
investment company" does not imply the supervision of management or investment
practices or policies by any government agency.
The Fund ordinarily declares dividends from its net investment income
on each day the Fund is open for business. Fund shares begin earning dividends
on the day following the date of purchase. The Fund's earnings for Saturdays,
Sundays and holidays are declared as dividends on the next business day.
Dividends usually are paid on the last business day of each month and are
automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares at net asset value or, at
your option, paid in cash. If you redeem all shares in your account at any time
during the month, all dividends to which you are entitled will be paid to you
along with the proceeds of the redemption. If you are an omnibus accountholder
and indicate in a partial redemption request that a portion of any accrued
dividends to which such account is entitled belongs to an underlying
accountholder who has redeemed all shares in his or her account, such portion of
the accrued dividends will be paid to you along with the proceeds of the
redemption. Distributions from net realized securities gains, if any, generally
are declared and paid once a year, but the Fund may make distributions on a more
frequent basis to comply with the distribution requirements of the Code, in all
events in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.
If you elect to receive dividends and distributions in cash and your
dividend or distribution check is returned to the Fund as undeliverable or
remains uncashed for six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest such
dividend or distribution and all future dividends and distributions payable to
you in additional Fund shares at net asset value. No interest will accrue on
amounts represented by uncashed distribution or redemption checks. All expenses
are accrued daily and deducted before declaration of dividends to investors.
Any dividend or distribution paid shortly after an investor's purchase
may have the effect of reducing the aggregate net asset value of his shares
below the cost of his investment. Such a distribution would be a return on
investment in an economic sense although taxable as stated under "Distributions
and Taxes" in the Prospectus. In addition, the Code provides that if a
shareholder has not held his Fund shares for more than six months (or such
shorter period as the Internal Revenue Service may prescribe by regulation) and
has received an exempt-interest dividend with respect to such shares, any loss
incurred on the sale of such shares will be disallowed to the extent of the
exempt-interest dividend received.
Ordinarily, gains and losses realized from portfolio transactions will
be treated as capital gain or loss. However, all or a portion of any gains
realized from the sale or other disposition of certain market discount bonds
will be treated as ordinary income under Section 1276 of the Code. In addition,
all or a portion of the gain realized from engaging in "conversion transactions"
may be treated as ordinary income under Section 1258 of the Code. "Conversion
transactions" are defined to include certain forward, futures, option and
"straddle" transactions, transactions marketed or sold to produce capital gains,
or transactions described in Treasury regulations to be issued in the future.
Under Section 1256 of the Code, gain or loss realized by the Fund from
certain financial futures and options transactions will be treated as 60%
long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Gain or
loss will arise upon the exercise or lapse of such futures and options as well
as from closing transactions. In addition, any such futures or options remaining
unexercised at the end of the Fund's taxable year will be treated as sold for
their then fair market value, resulting in additional gain or loss to the Fund
characterized in the manner described above.
Offsetting positions held by the Fund involving financial futures and
options may constitute "straddles". "Straddles" are defined to include
"offsetting positions" in actively traded personal property. The tax treatment
of "straddles" is governed by Sections 1092 and 1258 of the Code, which, in
certain circumstances, overrides or modifies the provisions of Section 1256 of
the Code. As such, all or a portion of any short or long-term capital gain from
certain "straddle" and/or conversion transactions may be recharacterized to
ordinary income.
If the Fund were treated as entering into "straddles" by reason of its
engaging in certain futures or options transactions, such "straddles" could be
characterized as "mixed straddles" if the futures or options transactions
comprising such "straddles" were governed by Section 1256 of the Code. The Fund
may make one or more elections with respect to "mixed straddles". If no election
is made, to the extent the "straddle" rules apply to positions established by
the Fund, losses realized by the Fund will be deferred to the extent of
unrealized gain in any related offsetting position. Moreover, as a result of the
"straddle" and/or conversion transaction rules short-term capital loss on
"straddle" positions may be recharacterized as long-term capital loss, and
long-term capital gain may be recharacterized as short-term capital gain or
ordinary income.
The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 included constructive sale provisions
that generally apply if the Fund either (1) holds an appreciated financial
position with respect to stock, certain debt obligations, or partnership
interests ("appreciated financial position") and then enters into a short sale,
futures, forward, or offsetting notional principal contract (collectively, a
"Contract") respecting the same or substantially identical property or (2) holds
an appreciated financial position that is a Contract and then acquires property
that is the same as, or substantially identical to, the underlying property. In
each instance, with certain exceptions, the Fund generally will be taxed as if
the appreciated financial position were sold at its fair market value on the
date the Fund enters into the financial position or acquires the property
respectively. Transactions that are identified as hedging or straddle
transactions under other provisions of the Code can be subject to the
constructive sale provisions.
Investment by the Fund in securities issued at a discount or providing
for deferred interest or for payment of interest in the form of additional
obligations could, under special tax rules, affect the amount, timing and
character of distributions to shareholders. For example, the Fund could be
required to take into account annually a portion of the discount (or deemed
discount) at which such securities were issued and to distribute such portion in
order to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company. In such
case, the Fund may have to dispose of securities which it might otherwise have
continued to hold in order to generate cash to satisfy these distribution
requirements.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Portfolio securities are purchased from and sold to parties acting as
either principal or agent. Newly-issued securities ordinarily are purchased
directly from the issuer or from an underwriter; other purchases and sales
usually are placed with those dealers from which it appears that the best price
or execution will be obtained. Usually no brokerage commissions, as such, are
paid by the Fund for such purchases and sales, although the price paid usually
includes an undisclosed compensation to the dealer acting as agent. The prices
paid to underwriters of newly-issued securities usually include a concession
paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases of after-market securities
from dealers ordinarily are executed at a price between the bid and asked price.
No brokerage commissions have been paid by the Fund to date.
Transactions are allocated to various dealers by the Fund's portfolio
managers in their best judgment. The primary consideration is prompt and
effective execution of orders at the most favorable price. Subject to that
primary consideration, dealers may be selected for research, statistical or
other services to enable the Manager to supplement its own research and analysis
with the views and information of other securities firms and may be selected
based upon their sales of shares of the Fund or other funds advised by the
Manager or its affiliates.
Research services furnished by brokers through which the Fund effects
securities transactions may be used by the Manager in advising other funds it
advises and, conversely, research services furnished to the Manager by brokers
in connection with other funds the Manager advises may be used by the Manager in
advising the Fund. Although it is not possible to place a dollar value on these
services, it is the opinion of the Manager that the receipt and study of such
services should not reduce the overall expenses of its research department.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
The Fund's current yield for the 30-day period ended March 31, 1999
was 6.04%. Current yield is computed pursuant to a formula which operates as
follows: the amount of the Fund's expenses accrued for the 30-day period (net of
reimbursements) is subtracted from the amount of the dividends and interest
earned by the Fund (computed in accordance with regulatory requirements) during
the period. That result is then divided by the product of: (a) the average daily
number of shares outstanding during the period that were entitled to receive
dividends, and (b) the net asset value per share on the last day of the period
less any undistributed earned income per share reasonably expected to be
declared as a dividend shortly thereafter. The quotient is then added to 1, and
that sum is raised to the 6th power, after which 1 is subtracted. The current
yield is then arrived at by multiplying the result by 2.
Based upon a 1999 Federal tax rate of 39.60%, the Fund's tax
equivalent yield for the 30-day period ended March 31, 1999 was 5.38%. Tax
equivalent yield is computed by dividing that portion of the current yield
(calculated as described above) which is tax exempt by 1 minus a stated tax rate
and adding the quotient to that portion, if any, of the yield of the Fund that
is not tax exempt.
The tax equivalent yield quoted above represents the application of
the highest Federal marginal personal income tax rate presently in effect. The
tax equivalent figure, however, does not include the potential effect of any
state and local (including, but not limited to, county, district or city) taxes,
if any, including applicable surcharges. In addition, there may be pending
legislation which could affect such stated rate or yield. Each investor should
consult with its tax adviser, and consider its own factual circumstances and
applicable tax laws, in order to ascertain the relevant tax equivalent yield.
The Fund's average annual total return for the 1, 5 and 10 year
periods ended March 31, 1999 was 4.23%, 4.50% and 5.54%, respectively. Absent
any expense absorption and/or fee waiver then in effect, the Fund's return would
have been lower. Average annual total return is calculated by determining the
ending redeemable value of an investment purchased with a hypothetical $1,000
payment made at the beginning of the period (assuming the reinvestment of
dividends and distributions), dividing by the amount of the initial investment,
taking the "n"th root of the quotient (where "n" is the number of years in the
period) and subtracting 1 from the result.
The Fund's total return for the period from April 30, 1987 to March
31, 1999 was 90.70%. Absent any expense absorption and/or fee waiver then in
effect, the Fund's return would have been lower. Total return is calculated by
subtracting the amount of the Fund's net asset value per share at the beginning
of a stated period from the net asset value per share at the end of the period
(after giving effect to the reinvestment of dividends and distributions during
the period), and dividing the result by the net asset value per share at the
beginning of the period.
From time to time, the Fund may use hypothetical tax equivalent yields
or charts in its advertising. These hypothetical yields or charts will be used
for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of the Fund's past or
future performance.
Comparative performance information may be used from time to time in
advertising or marketing the Fund's shares, including data from CDA Investment
Technologies, Inc., Lipper Analytical Services, Inc., Moody's Bond Survey Bond
Index, Lehman Brothers Municipal Bond Index, Morningstar, Inc. and other
industry publications. From time to time, advertising materials for the Fund may
refer to or discuss then-current or past economic conditions, developments
and/or events, actual or proposed tax legislation, or to statistical or other
information concerning trends relating to investment companies, as compiled by
industry associations such as the Investment Company Institute. Advertising
materials for the Fund also may refer to Morningstar ratings and related
analyses supporting such ratings.
From time to time, advertising material for the Fund may include
biographical information relating to its portfolio managers and may refer to, or
include commentary by a portfolio manager relating to investment strategy, asset
growth, current or past business, political, economic or financial conditions
and other matters of general interest to investors.
From time to time, advertising materials may refer to studies
performed by the Manager or its affiliates, such as "The Dreyfus Tax Informed
Investing Study" or "The Dreyfus Gender Investment Comparison Study (1996 &
1997)" or other such studies.
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
Each Fund share has one vote, and when issued and paid for in
accordance with the terms of the offering, is fully paid and non-assessable.
Fund shares are of one class and have equal rights as to dividends and in
liquidation. Shares have no preemptive, subscription or conversion rights and
are freely transferable.
The Fund is organized as an unincorporated business trust under the
laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Under Massachusetts law, shareholders
could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the
obligations of the Fund. However, the Fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust
("Trust Agreement") disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of
the Fund and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in the agreement,
obligation or instrument entered into or executed by the Fund or a Board member.
The Trust Agreement provides for indemnification from the Fund's property for
all losses and expenses of any shareholder held personally liable for the
obligations of the Fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial
loss on account of a shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which
the Fund itself would be unable to meet its obligations, a possibility which
management believes is remote. Upon payment of any liability incurred by the
Fund, the shareholder paying such liability will be entitled to reimbursement
from the general assets of the Fund. The Fund intends to conduct its operations
in a way so as to avoid, as far as possible, ultimate liability of the
shareholders for liabilities of the Fund.
Unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act, ordinarily it will not be
necessary for the Fund to hold annual meetings of shareholders. As a result,
Fund shareholders may not consider each year the election of Board members or
the appointment of auditors. However, the holders of at least 10% of the shares
outstanding and entitled to vote may require the Fund to hold a special meeting
of shareholders for purposes of removing a Board member from office. Fund
shareholders may remove a Board member by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of
the Fund's outstanding voting shares. In addition, the Board will call a meeting
of shareholders for the purpose of electing Board members if, at any time, less
than a majority of the Board members then holding office have been elected by
shareholders.
The Fund is intended to be a long-term investment vehicle and is not
designed to provide investors with a means of speculating on short-term market
movements. A pattern of frequent purchases and exchanges can be disruptive to
efficient portfolio management and, consequently, can be detrimental to the
Fund's performance and its shareholders. Accordingly, if the Fund's management
determines that an investor is following a market-timing strategy or is
otherwise engaging in excessive trading, the Fund, with or without prior notice,
may temporarily or permanently terminate the availability of Fund Exchanges, or
reject in whole or part of any purchase or exchange request, with respect to
such investor's account. Such investors also may be barred from purchasing other
funds in the Dreyfus Family of Funds. Generally, an investor who makes more than
four exchanges out of the Fund during any calendar year or who makes exchanges
that appear to coincide with a market-timing strategy may be deemed to be
engaged in excessive trading. Accounts under common ownership or control will be
considered as one account for purposes of determining a pattern of excessive
trading. In addition, the Fund may refuse or restrict purchase or exchange
requests by any person or group if, in the judgment of the Fund's management,
the Fund would be unable to invest the money effectively in accordance with its
investment objective and policies or could otherwise be adversely affected or if
the Fund receives or anticipates receiving simultaneous orders that may
significantly affect the Fund (e.g., amounts equal to 1% or more of the Fund's
total assets). If an exchange request is refused, the Fund will take no other
action with respect to the shares until it receives further instructions from
the investor. The Fund may delay forwarding redemption proceeds for up to seven
days if the investor redeeming shares is engaged in excessive trading or if the
amount of the redemption request otherwise would be disruptive to efficient
portfolio management or would adversely affect the Fund. The Fund's policy on
excessive trading applies to investors who invest in the Fund directly or
through financial intermediaries, but does not apply to the Dreyfus Auto-
Exchange Privilege, to any automatic investment or withdrawal privilege
described herein, or to participants in employer-sponsored retirement plans.
During times of drastic economic or market conditions, the Fund may
suspend Fund Exchanges temporarily without notice and treat exchange requests
based on their separate components--redemption orders with a simultaneous
request to purchase the other fund's shares. In such a case, the redemption
request would be processed at the Fund's next determined net asset value but the
purchase order would be effective only at the net asset value next determined
after the fund being purchased receives the proceeds of the redemption, which
may result in the purchase being delayed.
To offset the relatively higher costs of servicing smaller accounts,
the Fund will charge regular accounts with balances below $2,000 an annual fee
of $12. The valuation of accounts and the deductions are expected to take place
during the last four months of each year. The fee will be waived for any
investor whose aggregate Dreyfus mutual fund investments total at least $25,000,
and will not apply to IRA accounts or to accounts participating in automatic
investment programs or opened through a securities dealer, bank or other
financial institution, or to other fiduciary accounts.
The Fund sends annual and semi-annual financial statements to all its
shareholders.
COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP, 180 Maiden Lane, New York, New York
10038-4982, as counsel for the Fund, has rendered its opinion as to certain
legal matters regarding the due authorization and valid issuance of the shares
being sold pursuant to the Fund's Prospectus.
Ernst & Young LLP, 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019,
independent auditors, have been selected as independent auditors of the Fund.
<PAGE>
APPENDIX
Description of certain bond, note, commercial paper and other
short-term rating categories assigned by the Rating Agencies.
S&P
MUNICIPAL BOND RATINGS
An S&P municipal bond rating is a current assessment of the
creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation.
The ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer
or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable, and will include:
(1) likelihood of default-capacity and willingness of the obligor as to the
timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with the
terms of the obligation; (2) nature of and provisions of the obligation; and (3)
protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of
bankruptcy, reorganization or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and
other laws affecting creditors' rights.
AAA
Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay
interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA
Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay
principal and differs from the highest rated issues only in a small degree.
A
Principal and interest payments on bonds in this category are regarded
as safe. This rating describes the third strongest capacity for payment of debt
service. It differs from the two higher ratings because:
General Obligation Bonds -- There is some weakness in the local
economic base, in debt burden, in the balance between revenues and expenditures,
or in quality of management. Under certain adverse circumstances, any one such
weakness might impair the ability of the issuer to meet debt obligations at some
future date.
Revenue Bonds -- Debt service coverage is good, but not exceptional.
Stability of the pledged revenues could show some variations because of
increased competition or economic influences on revenues. Basic security
provisions, while satisfactory, are less stringent. Management performance
appears adequate.
BBB
Of the investment grade, this is the lowest.
General Obligation Bonds -- Under certain adverse conditions, several
of the above factors could contribute to a lesser capacity for payment of debt
service. The difference between "A" and "BBB" rating is that the latter shows
more than one fundamental weakness, or one very substantial fundamental
weakness, whereas the former shows only one deficiency among the factors
considered.
Revenue Bonds -- Debt coverage in only fair. Stability of the pledged
revenues could show substantial variations, with the revenue flow possibly being
subject to erosion over time. Basic security provisions are no more than
adequate. Management performance could be stronger.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings AA and A may be modified by the
addition of a plus or minus designation to show relative standing within the
major ratings categories.
MUNICIPAL NOTE RATINGS
SP-1
The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit very strong or strong
capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess
overwhelming safety characteristics are given a plus (+) designation.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
Issues assigned an A rating by S&P are regarded as having the greatest
capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated with the
numbers 1, 2 and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety. Paper rated A-1
indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is either
overwhelming or very strong. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming
safety characteristics are denoted with a plus (+) sign designation. Capacity
for timely payment on issues with an A-2 designation is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1.
<PAGE>
Moody's
MUNICIPAL BOND RATINGS
Aaa
Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the
smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt edge."
Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin
and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to
change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa
Bonds rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards.
Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade
bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection
may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements
may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make
the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A
Bonds rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to
be considered as upper medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present
which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Moody's applies the numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to show relative
standing within the major rating categories, except in the Aaa category and in
the categories below B. The modifier 1 indicates a ranking for the security in
the higher end of a rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range
ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of a rating
category.
Baa
Bonds rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they
are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal
security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be
lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time.
Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have
speculative characteristics as well.
<PAGE>
MUNICIPAL NOTE RATINGS
Moody's ratings for state and municipal notes and other short-term
loans are designated Moody's Investment Grade (MIG). Such ratings recognize the
difference between short-term credit risk and long-term risk. A short-term
rating may also be assigned to an issue having a demand feature. Such ratings
will be designated as VMIG. The Municipal Obligations bearing the designation
MIG 1/VMIG 1 are of the best quality. There is present strong protection by
established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based
access to the market for refinancing. The Municipal Obligations bearing the
designation MIG 2/VMIG 2 are of high quality. Margins of protection are ample
although not so large as in the preceding group.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATING
The rating Prime-1 (P-1) is the highest commercial paper rating
assigned by Moody's. Issuers of P-1 paper must have a superior capacity for
repayment of short-term promissory obligations, and ordinarily will be evidenced
by leading market positions in well established industries, high rates of return
on funds employed, conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance
on debt and ample asset protection, broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed
financial charges and high internal cash generation and well established access
to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.
Issuers (or related supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 (P-2) have a strong
capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This ordinarily
will be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser
degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject
to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be
more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
Fitch
MUNICIPAL BOND RATINGS
The ratings represent Fitch's assessment of the issuer's ability to
meet the obligations of a specific debt issue or class of debt. The ratings take
into consideration special features of the issue, its relationship to other
obligations of the issuer, the current financial condition and operating
performance of the issuer and of any guarantor, as well as the political and
economic environment that might affect the issuer's future financial strength
and credit quality.
AAA
Bonds rated AAA are considered to be investment grade and of the
highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay
interest and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably
foreseeable events.
<PAGE>
AA
Bonds rated AA are considered to be investment grade and of very high
credit quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is
very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds
rated in the AAA and AA categories are not significantly vulnerable to
foreseeable future developments, short-term debt of these issuers is generally
rated F-1+.
A
Bonds rated A are considered to be investment grade and of high credit
quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered
to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic
conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
Plus (+) and minus (-) signs are used with a rating symbol to indicate
the relative position of a credit within the rating category. Plus and minus
signs, however, are not used in the AAA category covering 12-36 months.
BBB
Bonds rated BBB are considered to be investment grade and of
satisfactory credit quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay
principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions
and circumstances, however, are more likely to have an adverse impact on these
bonds and, therefore, impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of
these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for bonds with
higher ratings.
SHORT-TERM RATINGS
Fitch's short-term ratings apply to debt obligations that are payable
on demand or have original maturities of up to three years, including commercial
paper, certificates of deposit, medium-term notes, and municipal and investment
notes.
Although the credit analysis is similar to Fitch's bond rating
analysis, the short-term rating places greater emphasis than bond ratings on the
existence of liquidity necessary to meet the issuer's obligations in a timely
manner.
F-1+
EXCEPTIONALLY STRONG CREDIT QUALITY. Issues assigned this rating are
regarded as having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
<PAGE>
F-1
VERY STRONG CREDIT QUALITY. Issues assigned this rating reflect an
assurance of timely payment only slightly less in degree than issues rated F-1+.
F-2
GOOD CREDIT QUALITY. Issues carrying this rating have a satisfactory
degree of assurance for timely payments, but the margin of safety is not as
great as the F-1+ and F-1 categories.
DEMAND BOND OR NOTES RATINGS
Certain demand securities empower the holder at his option to require
the issuer, usually through a remarketing agent, to repurchase the security upon
notice at par with accrued interest. This is also referred to as a put option.
The ratings of the demand provision may be changed or withdrawn at any time if,
in Fitch's judgment, changing circumstances warrant such action.
Fitch demand provision ratings carry the same symbols and related
definitions as its short-term ratings.
