As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
December 1, 1995
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM N-1A
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 / X /
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Pre-Effective Amendment No. / /
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Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 / X /
and ----
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY / X /
ACT OF 1940 ----
----
Amendment No. 22 / X /
(Check appropriate box or boxes) ----
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PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND Registration No. 2-55091
811-2608
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 / X /
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Pre-Effective Amendment No. / /
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Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 / X /
and ----
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY / X /
ACT OF 1940 ----
----
Amendment No. 12 / X /
(Check appropriate box or boxes) ----
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PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND Registration No. 33-15238
811-5215
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrants' Telephone Number, including Area Code
(617) 292-1000
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It is proposed that this filing will become effective
(check appropriate box)
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/ / immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
----
----
/ / on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)
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/ / 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)
---- (1)
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/ X / on February 1, 1996 pursuant to
paragraph (a) ---- (1)
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/ / 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)
---- (2)
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/ / on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a) (2) of
Rule ---- 485 .
If appropriate, check the following box:
----
/ / this post-effective amendment designates a new
---- effective date for a previously filed post-
effective amendment.
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JOHN R. VERANI, Vice President
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
One Post Office Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
(Name and address of agent for service)
---------------
Copy to:
JOHN W. GERSTMAYR, Esquire
ROPES & GRAY
One International Place
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Each Registrant has registered an indefinite number or
amount of securities under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to
Rule 24f-2. Rule 24f-2 notices for each fund's fiscal
year ended September 30, 1995 were filed on November
17, 1995 .
<PAGE>
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed Proposed
maximum maximum
Amount offering aggregate Amount of
Title of securities being price per offering registration
being registeredregistered unit price* fee
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Shares of Beneficial
Interest 52,216,411 shs. $1.00 $290,000 $100.00
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Calculated pursuant to Rule 24e-2 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The
total amount of securities redeemed or repurchased during the Registrant's
previous fiscal year was 589,526,705 shares, 537,600,294 of which
have been used for reductions pursuant to Rules 24e-2(a) or Rule 24f-2(c) under
said Act in the current fiscal year, and 51,926,411 of which are being used
for such reduction in this Amendment.
/TABLE
<PAGE>
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
CROSS REFERENCE SHEET
(AS REQUIRED BY RULE 481(A))
PART A
N-1A ITEM NO. LOCATION
1. Cover Page....................... Cover page
2. Synopsis......................... Expenses summary
3. Condensed Financial Information.. Financial highlights;
How performance is shown
4. General Description of
Registrant....................... Objectives; How the
funds pursue their
objectives ;
Organization and history
5. Management of the Fund........... Expenses summary; How
the funds are
managed; About Putnam
Investments, Inc.
5A. Management's Discussion
of Fund Performance.............. (Contained in the
annual report of
each Registrant)
6. Capital Stock and Other
Securities....................... Cover page ;
Organization and
history; How a fund
determines net
income and makes
distributions to
shareholders ; tax
information
7. Purchase of Securities Being
Offered.......................... How to buy shares;
Distribution
plans ; How to
sell shares; How to
exchange shares; How
a fund values its
shares
8. Redemption or Repurchase......... How to buy shares; How
to sell shares; How to
exchange shares;
Organization and history
9. Pending Legal Proceedings........ Not applicable
PART B
N-1A ITEM NO. LOCATION
10. Cover Page....................... Cover page
11. Table of Contents................ Cover page
12. General Information and History.. Organization and history
(Part A)
13. Investment Objectives and
Policies......................... How the funds pursue
their objectives
(Part A);
Investment
restrictions;
Miscellaneous
investment
practices
14. Management of the Registrant..... Management
(Trustees;
Officers); Additional
officers
15. Control Persons and Principal
Holders of Securities............ Management
(Trustees;
Officers);
Charges and expenses
(Share ownership)
16. Investment Advisory and Other
Services......................... Management
(Trustees;
Officers; The
management
contract; Principal
underwriter;
Investor servicing
agent and
custodian); Charges
and expenses;
Distribution
plans;
Independent
accountants and
financial statements
17. Brokerage Allocation............. Management
(Portfolio
transactions);
Charges and
expenses
<PAGE>
18. Capital Stock and Other
Securities....................... Organization and history
(Part A); How a fund
determines net
income and makes
distributions to
shareholders ; tax
information (Part A);
Suspension of
redemptions
19. Purchase, Redemption , and Pricing
of Securities Being Offered...... How to buy shares (Part
A); How to sell shares
(Part A); How to
exchange shares (Part
A); How to buy
shares;
Determination of net
asset value;
Suspension of
redemptions
20. Tax Status....................... How a fund
determines net
income and makes
distributions to
shareholders ; tax
information (Part A);
Taxes
21. Underwriters..................... Management
(Principal
underwriter);
Charges and
expenses
22. Calculation of Performance Data.. How performance is shown
(Part A); Investment
performance;
Standard performance
measures
23. Financial Statements............. Independent
accountants and
financial statements
PART C
Information required to be included in Part C is set forth
under the appropriate Item, so numbered, in Part C of the
Registration Statement.
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS
FEBRUARY 1,
1996
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
CLASS A, B AND M SHARES
INVESTMENT STRATEGY: INCOME
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
INVESTMENT STRATEGY: TAX-ADVANTAGED
This prospectus explains concisely what you should know
before investing in Putnam Money Market Fund (the "Money
Market Fund") or Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund (the
"Tax Exempt Money Market Fund") (collectively, the
"funds") . Please read it carefully and keep it for future
reference. You can find more detailed information in the
February 1, 1996 statement of additional information (the
"SAI") , as amended from time to time. For a free copy of the
SAI or other information, call Putnam Investor Services at
1-800-225-1581. The SAI has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission and is incorporated into this
prospectus by reference.
INVESTMENTS IN THE FUNDS ARE NEITHER INSURED NOR
GUARANTEED BY THE U.S. GOVERNMENT . THERE CAN BE NO
ASSURANCE THAT EITHER FUND WILL BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN A
STABLE NET ASSET VALUE OF $1.00 PER SHARE.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY
STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY
OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
SHARES OF THE FUNDS ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF, OR
GUARANTEED OR ENDORSED BY, ANY FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, ARE NOT
INSURED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, THE FEDERAL
RESERVE BOARD OR ANY OTHER AGENCY, AND INVOLVE RISK, INCLUDING
THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF PRINCIPAL AMOUNT INVESTED .
BOSTON * LONDON * TOKYO
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUNDS
EXPENSES SUMMARY
This section describes the sales charges, management fees, and
annual operating expenses that apply to a fund's various classes
of shares. Use it to help you estimate the impact of transaction
costs on your investment over time.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Study this table to see, among other things, how a fund
performed each year for the past 10 years or since it began
investment operations if it has been in operation for less than
10 years.
OBJECTIVES
Read this section to make sure a fund's objective is
consistent with your own.
HOW THE FUNDS PURSUE THEIR OBJECTIVES
This section explains in detail how a fund seeks its
investment objective.
HOW PERFORMANCE IS SHOWN
This section describes and defines the measures used to assess
a fund's performance. All data are based on the fund's past
investment results and do not predict future performance.
HOW THE FUNDS ARE MANAGED
Consult this section for information about a fund's
management, allocation of a fund's expenses, and how purchases
and sales of securities are made for the fund.
ORGANIZATION AND HISTORY
In this section, you will learn when a fund was introduced,
how it is organized, how it may offer shares, and who its
Trustees are.
ABOUT YOUR INVESTMENT
HOW TO BUY SHARES
This section describes the ways you may purchase shares and
tells you the minimum amounts required to open various types of
accounts.
DISTRIBUTION PLANS
This section tells you what distribution fees are charged
against each class of shares.
HOW TO SELL SHARES
In this section you can learn how to sell shares of a fund,
either directly to the fund or through an investment dealer.
<PAGE>
HOW TO EXCHANGE SHARES
Find out in this section how you may exchange shares of a fund
for shares of other Putnam funds. The section also explains how
exchanges can be made without sales charges and the conditions
under which sales charges may be required.
HOW A FUND VALUES ITS SHARES
This section explains how a fund determines the value of its
shares.
HOW A FUND DETERMINES NET INCOME AND MAKES
DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS ; TAX INFORMATION
This section describes how a fund determines dividends and the
various options you have in choosing how to receive dividends
from a fund. It also discusses the federal tax status of the
payments and counsels shareholders to seek specific advice about
their own situation.
ABOUT PUTNAM INVESTMENTS, INC.
Read this section to learn more about the companies that
provide the marketing, investment management, and shareholder
account services to Putnam funds and their shareholders.
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUNDS
EXPENSES SUMMARY
Expenses are one of several factors to consider when investing
. The following table summarizes your maximum transaction
costs from investing in each fund and expenses incurred by
each fund based on the most recent fiscal year.
The examples show the cumulative expenses attributable to
a hypothetical $1,000 investment in each fund over
specified periods.
MONEY MARKET FUND
CLASS A CLASS B CLASS M
SHARES SHARES SHARES
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION
EXPENSES
Maximum sales charge
imposed on purchases
(as a percentage of
offering price) NONE NONE NONE
Deferred sales charge 5.0% in the
first
(as a percentage year, declining
of the lower of to 1.0% in the
original purchase sixth year, and
price or redemption eliminated
proceeds) NONE * thereafter NONE
TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION
EXPENSES
Maximum sales charge
imposed on purchases
(as a percentage of
offering price) NONE
Deferred sales charge
(as a percentage
of the lower of
original purchase
price or redemption
proceeds) NONE
<PAGE>
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES
(as a percentage of average net assets)
Total fund
Management 12b-1 Other operating
fees fees expenses expenses
- ---------- ----- -------------------
Money Market Fund
Class A 0.35% NONE 0.27% 0.62%
Class B 0.35% 0.50% 0.27% 1.12%
Class M 0.35% 0.15% 0.27% 0.77%
Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund 0.45% NONE 0.36% 0.81%
The table is provided to help you understand the expenses of
investing in each fund and your share of the operating expenses
that each fund incurs. The expenses shown in the table do not
reflect the application of credits related to brokerage service
and expense offset arrangements that reduce certain fund
expenses. The 12b-1 fees for class M shares of the Money Market
Fund reflect the amount currently payable under the class M
distribution plan. For class M shares of the Money Market Fund,
management fees and "Other expenses" are based on the
corresponding expenses for class A shares of the Money Market
Fund.
EXAMPLES
Your investment of $1,000 would incur the following expenses,
assuming 5% annual return and , except as indicated,
redemption at the end of each period:
1 3 5 10
year years years years
Money Market Fund
CLASS A $16 $20 $35 $
78
CLASS B $61 $66 $82
$122* *
CLASS B (NO REDEMPTION) $11 $36
$62 $122**
CLASS M $ 8 $25 $43 $
96
Tax Exempt Money Market Fund $ 8 $26 $45 $100
The examples do not represent past or future expense
levels. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown.
Federal regulations require the examples to assume a 5%
annual return, but actual annual return varies.
* A deferred sales charge of up to 1% may be assessed on
certain class A shares that were exchanged from another
fund where they were purchased without an initial sales
charge. See "How to buy shares."
** Reflects conversion of class B shares of the Money
Market Fund to class A shares of the Money
Market Fund (which pay lower ongoing expenses) approximately
eight years after purchase . See "How to buy
shares - - Class B shares."
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following tables present per share financial
information for the funds . This information has been
audited and reported on by each fund's independent
accountants. The " Report of independent
accountants" and financial statements included in each
fund's annual report to shareholders for its 1995
fiscal year are incorporated by reference into this
prospectus. The funds' annual reports , which contain
additional unaudited performance information, are available
without charge upon request.
Putnam Money Market Fund
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(FOR A SHARE OUTSTANDING THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD)
<TABLE><CAPTION>
Period December 8, 1994 For the April 27, 1992
(commencement eleven months Year (commencement of
of operations) to Year ended ended ended operations) to
September 30 September 30 September 30 October 31 October 31
1995 1995 1994 1993 1992
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Class M Class B
Net investment income $.0434 $.0469 $.0251 $.0195 $.0151
Net realized gain on investments -- --
Total from investment operations .0434 .0469 .0251 .0195 .0151
Total distributions: $(.0434) $(.0469) $(.0251) $(.0195) $(.0151)
Total investment return at net asset
value (%) (a) 4.43(b) 4.80 2.54(b) 1.98 1.52(b)
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) $8,440 $256,533 $194,187 $22,777 $2,864
Ratio of expenses to average net assets (%)(c) .67(b) 1.12 1.03(b) 1.20 .70(b)
Ratio of net investment income to average net
assets (%) 4.29(b) 4.75 2.77(b) 1.98 1.50(b)
<PAGE>
Financial highlights continued
For the
Year eleven months
ended ended
September 30 September 30 Year ended October 31
1995 1994* 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986
<C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Class A
$.0521 $.0299 $.0246 $.0353 $.0598 $.0764 $.0853 $.0655 $.0568 $.0642
- -- .0001
.0521 .0299 .0246 .0353 .0599 .0764 .0853 .0655 .0568 .0642
$(.0521) $(.0299) $(.0246)$(.0353) $(.0599)$(.0764) $(.0853)$(.0655) $(.0568)$(.0642)
5.33 3.03(b) 2.49 3.58 6.16 7.92 8.87 6.75 5.83 6.61
$1,189,640 $1,101,171$586,920 $839,185$684,987 $904,186$797,395 $659,590$775,954 $320,874
.62 .58(b) 0.70 .86 .77 .74 .85 .91 1.01 .89
5.23 3.03(b) 2.48 3.56 6.04 7.63 8.51 6.67 5.65 6.32
(a) Total investment return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.
(b) Not annualized.
(c) The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the year ended September 30, 1995 includes amounts paid through
brokerage service and expense offset arrangements. Prior period ratios exclude these amounts.
/TABLE
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
Financial highlights
(For a share outstanding throughout the period)
Year ended September 30
1995 1994 1993 1992
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Investment operations
Net Investment Income $.0312 $.0191 $ .0184 $ .0297(a)
Net Realized Gain (Loss) on Investments -- -- -- --
Total from investment .0312 .0191 .0184 .0297
Total Distributions (.0312) (.0191) (.0184) (.0297)
Total investment return at net asset value (%) (b) 3.16 1.93 1.85 3.02
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) $73,066 $98,397 $81,076 $81,820
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets (%)(c) .81 .71 .99 .87(a)
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets (%) 3.10 1.97 1.85 2.99(a)
<PAGE>
For the period
October 26, 1987
(commencement of
operations) to
September 30
Financial highlights (Continued)
1991 1990 1989 1988
Investment operations
Net Investment Income $ .0462(a) $ .0548(a) $ .0578(a) $ .0424(a)
Net Realized Gain (Loss) on Investments (.0001) -- -- .0002
Total from investment operations .0461 .0548 .0578 .0426
Total distributions (.0461) (.0548) (.0578) (.0426)
Total investment return at net asset value (%) (b) 4.74 5.61 5.92 4.35(d)
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) $100,077 $111,705 $98,867 $83,336
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets (%)(c) .79(a) .68(a) .69(a) .58(a)(d)
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets (%) 4.62(a) 5.45(a) 5.79(a) 4.29(a)(d)
(a) Reflects a voluntary expense limitation, and, during the period ended September 30, 1988, a waiver of a portion
of distribution fees, in effect during the period. As a result of such limitation and waiver, expenses of the
fund for the years ended September 30, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1989 and the period ended September 30, 1988 reflect per
share reductions of approximately $0.0029, $0.0030, $0.0034, $0.0035 and $0.0047, respectively.
(b) Total investment return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.
(c) The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the year ended September 30, 1995 includes amounts paid through
brokerage service and expense offset arrangements. Prior period ratios exclude these amounts.
(d) Not annualized.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
OBJECTIVES
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND SEEKS AS HIGH A RATE OF CURRENT INCOME
AS PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT , INC., EACH FUND'S
INVESTMENT MANAGER ("PUTNAM MANAGEMENT"), BELIEVES IS
CONSISTENT WITH PRESERVATION OF CAPITAL AND MAINTENANCE OF
LIQUIDITY. It is designed for investors seeking current income
with stability of principal.
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND SEEKS AS HIGH A LEVEL OF
CURRENT INCOME EXEMPT FROM FEDERAL INCOME TAX AS PUTNAM
MANAGEMENT BELIEVES IS CONSISTENT WITH PRESERVATION OF CAPITAL,
MAINTENANCE OF LIQUIDITY AND STABILITY OF PRINCIPAL.
Neither fund is intended to be a complete
investment program, and there is no assurance that either
fund will achieve its objective.
HOW THE FUNDS PURSUE THEIR OBJECTIVES
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
BASIC INVESTMENT STRATEGY
THE MONEY MARKET FUND INVESTS IN A PORTFOLIO OF HIGH-QUALITY
MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS. EXAMPLES OF THESE INSTRUMENTS INCLUDE:
o BANK CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT (CDS) : negotiable
certificates issued against funds deposited in a
commercial bank for a definite period of time and
earning a specified return.
<PAGE>
o BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES: negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, which have been "accepted" by a bank,
meaning, in effect, that the bank has unconditionally
agreed to pay the face value of the instrument on
maturity.
o PRIME COMMERCIAL PAPER: high-grade, short-term
obligations issued by banks, corporations and other
issuers.
o CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS: high-grade, short-term
corporate obligations other than prime commercial
paper.
o MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS: high-grade, short-term
municipal obligations.
o U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES: marketable securities
issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by
the U.S. government or by its agencies or
instrumentalities.
o REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS: with respect to U.S. Treasury
or U.S. Government agency obligations.
The Money Market Fund will invest only in high-quality securities
that Putnam Management believes present minimal credit risk.
High-quality securities are securities rated at the time of
acquisition in one of the two highest categories by at least two
nationally recognized rating services (or, if only one rating
service has rated the security, by that service) or, if the
security is unrated, judged to be of equivalent quality by Putnam
Management. The Money Market Fund will maintain a dollar-
weighted average maturity of 90 days or less and will not invest
in securities with remaining maturities of more than 397 days.
The Money Market Fund may invest in variable or floating rate
securities which bear interest at rates subject to periodic
adjustment or which provide for periodic recovery of principal on
demand. Under certain conditions, these securities may be
deemed to have remaining maturities equal to the time
remaining until the next interest adjustment date or the date on
which principal can be recovered on demand. The Money Market
Fund follows investment and valuation policies designed to
maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share. There is
no assurance that the Money Market Fund will be able to maintain
a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share.
SELECTION OF INVESTMENTS
The Money Market Fund may invest in bank certificates of deposit
and bankers' acceptances issued by banks having deposits in
excess of $2 billion (or the foreign currency equivalent) at the
close of the last calendar year. Should the Trustees decide to
reduce this minimum deposit requirement, shareholders would be
notified and this prospectus supplemented.
Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by
the U.S. government include a variety of Treasury securities,
which differ in their interest rates, maturities and dates of
issue. Securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or
instrumentalities of the U.S. government may or may
not be supported by the full faith and credit of the United
States or by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury.
Considerations of liquidity and preservation of capital mean that
the Money Market Fund may not necessarily invest in money market
instruments paying the highest available yield at a particular
time. Consistent with its investment objective, the Money Market
Fund will attempt to maximize yields by portfolio trading and by
buying and selling portfolio investments in anticipation of or in
response to changing economic and money market conditions and
trends. The Money Market Fund will also invest to take advantage
of what Putnam Management believes to be temporary disparities in
yields of different segments of the high-grade money market or
among particular instruments within the same segment of the
market. These policies, as well as the relatively short maturity
of obligations purchased by the Money Market Fund, may result in
frequent changes in the Money Market Fund's portfolio.
Portfolio turnover may give rise to taxable gains. The Money
Market Fund does not usually pay brokerage commissions in
connection with the purchase or sale of portfolio securities.
See "Management --Portfolio Transactions -- Brokerage and
research services" in the SAI for a discussion of
underwriters' commissions and dealers' spreads involved in the
purchase and sale of portfolio securities.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS. The Money Market Fund may invest without
limit in U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper of foreign
issuers and in bank certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances payable in U.S. dollars and issued by foreign banks
(including U.S. branches of foreign banks) or by foreign branches
of U.S. banks. These investments subject the Money Market Fund
to investment risks different from those associated with domestic
investments. Such risks include the possibility of
adverse political and economic developments in such countries,
the imposition of withholding taxes on interest income, seizure
or nationalization of foreign deposits or the adoption of other
governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the
payment of principal and interest on such obligations.
Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign
countries may be more limited than those available with respect
to investments in the United States or in other foreign
countries. Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations
may involve certain risks (such as delay in payment or delivery
of securities or in the recovery of the Money Market Fund's
assets held abroad) and expenses not present in the settlement of
domestic investments. In addition, foreign securities may be
less liquid than U.S. securities, and foreign accounting and
disclosure standards may differ from United States standards.
Special tax considerations apply to foreign securities.
A MORE DETAILED EXPLANATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS, AND THE RISKS
AND SPECIAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM, IS INCLUDED
IN THE SAI .
INTEREST RATES. The value of the securities in the Money
Market Fund's portfolio can be expected to vary inversely with
changes in prevailing interest rates. Although the Money
Market Fund's investment policies are designed to minimize these
changes and to maintain a net asset of $1.00 per share, there is
no assurance that these policies will be successful.
Withdrawals by shareholders could require the sale of portfolio
investments at a time when such a sale might not otherwise be
desirable.
CONCENTRATION. The Money Market Fund may invest without limit in
the banking industry and in commercial paper and short-term
corporate obligations of issuers in the personal credit
institution and business credit institution industries when, in
the opinion of Putnam Management, the yield, marketability and
availability of investments meeting the Money Market Fund's
quality standards in those industries justify any additional
risks associated with the concentration of the Money Market
Fund's assets in those industries. The Money Market Fund,
however, will invest more than 25% of its assets in the personal
credit institution or business credit institution industries only
when, to Putnam Management's knowledge, the yields then available
on securities issued by companies in such industries and
otherwise suitable for investment by the Money Market Fund exceed
the yields then available on securities issued by companies in
the banking industry and otherwise suitable for investment by the
Money Market Fund.
SECURITIES LENDING. The Money Market Fund may lend portfolio
securities amounting to not more than 25% of its assets to
broker-dealers. These transactions must be fully collateralized
at all times with cash and short-term debt obligations. These
transactions involve some risk to the Money Market Fund if the
other party should default on its obligation and the Money Market
Fund is delayed or prevented from recovering the collateral.
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
THE TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND FOLLOWS THE FUNDAMENTAL POLICY
THAT AT LEAST 80% OF ITS NET ASSETS NORMALLY WILL BE INVESTED IN
SHORT-TERM TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES (WHICH ARE DESCRIBED
BELOW). Subject to this limitation, the fund may also
invest in high - quality taxable money market instruments of
the type described under "Alternative investment strategies"
below.
The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund will invest in only the
following tax-exempt securities : (i) municipal notes; (ii)
municipal bonds; (iii) municipal securities backed by the U.S.
government; (iv) short-term discount notes (tax-exempt commercial
paper); (v) participation interests in any of the foregoing; and
(vi) unrated securities or new types of tax-exempt instruments
which become available in the future if Putnam Management
determines they meet the quality standards discussed below. In
connection with the purchase of tax-exempt securities , the
Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may acquire stand-by commitments,
which give the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund the right to resell
the security to the dealer at a specified price. Stand-by
commitments may provide additional liquidity for the Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund but are subject to the risk that the dealer may
fail to meet its obligations. The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
does not generally expect to pay additional consideration for
stand-by commitments or to assign any value to them.
The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund will invest only in high-quality
tax-exempt securities and other money market instruments
that Putnam Management believes present minimal credit risk.
High-quality securities are securities rated in one of the two
highest categories by at least two nationally recognized rating
services (or, if only one rating service has rated the security,
by that service) or, if the security is unrated, judged to be of
equivalent quality by Putnam Management. The Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund will maintain a dollar-weighted average maturity of
90 days or less and will not invest in securities with remaining
maturities of more than 397 days. The Tax Exempt Money Market
Fund may invest in variable or floating-rate tax-exempt
securities that bear interest at rates subject to periodic
adjustment or that provide for periodic recovery of
principal on demand. Under certain conditions, these securities
may be deemed to have remaining maturities equal to the time
remaining until the next interest adjustment date or the date on
which principal can be recovered on demand. The Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund follows investment and valuation policies designed to
maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share, although
there is no assurance that these policies will be successful.
Considerations of liquidity and preservation of capital mean that
the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may not necessarily invest in
tax-exempt securities paying the highest available yield
at a particular time. Consistent with its investment objective,
the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund will attempt to maximize yields
by portfolio trading and by buying and selling portfolio
investments in anticipation of or in response to changing
economic and money market conditions and trends. The Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund will also invest to take advantage of what
Putnam Management believes to be temporary disparities in yields
of different segments of the market for tax-exempt
securities or among particular instruments within the same
segment of the market. These policies, as well as the relatively
short maturity of obligations purchased by the Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund, may result in frequent changes in the Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund's portfolio. Portfolio turnover may give rise
to taxable gains. The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund does not
usually pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase
of portfolio securities. See "Management - Portfolio
transactions - Brokerage and research services" in the SAI
for a discussion of underwriters' commissions and dealers'
spreads involved in the purchase and sale of portfolio
securities.
<PAGE>
ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
At times Putnam Management may judge that conditions in the
markets for tax-exempt securities make pursuing the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund's basic investment strategy inconsistent
with the best interests of its shareholders. At such
times Putnam Management may temporarily use alternative
strategies.
In implementing these defensive strategies, the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund may invest in high quality
taxable money market instruments, including bank
certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, prime commercial
paper, high-grade, short-term corporate obligations, short-term
U.S. government securities or repurchase agreements, or
any other securities that Putnam Management
considers consistent with such defensive strategies. The
interest or other income from these instruments would be
subject to federal income tax.
It is impossible to predict when, or for how long, the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund will use these alternative
strategies.
DIVERSIFICATION
The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund is a "diversified"
investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 .
This means that with respect to 75% of its total assets the
fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in
the securities of any one issuer (except U.S. government
securities) and that up to 25% of the fund's total
assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer
. Because of the relatively small number of issuers of
tax-exempt securities in which the fund may invest,
the fund is more likely to invest a higher percentage of
its assets in the securities of a single issuer than an
investment company which invests in a broad range of tax-
exempt securities . This practice involves an increased risk
of loss to the fund if the issuer is unable to make
interest or principal payments or if the market value of such
issuer's securities declines. For diversification
purposes, tax-exempt securities backed only by the assets
and revenues of nongovernmental users may be deemed to be issued
by the nongovernmental users.
TAX -EXEMPT SECURITIES
TAX -EXEMPT SECURITIES INCLUDE OBLIGATIONS ISSUED BY A
STATE, AND CERTAIN OTHER GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES, SUCH AS U.S.
TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS, ITS POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS, AND
THEIR AGENCIES, INSTRUMENTALITIES OR OTHER GOVERNMENTAL UNITS,
THE INTEREST ON WHICH, IN THE OPINION OF BOND COUNSEL, IS
EXEMPT FROM FEDERAL INCOME TAX.
These securities are issued to obtain funds for various
public purposes, such as the construction of public facilities,
the payment of general operating expenses or the refunding of
outstanding debts. They may also be issued to finance various
private activities, including the lending of funds to public or
private institutions for the construction of housing, educational
or medical facilities, or to fund short-term cash
requirements. They may also include certain types of
industrial development bonds, private activity bonds or notes
issued by public authorities to finance privately owned or
operated facilities.
Short-term tax-exempt securities may be issued as interim
financing in anticipation of tax collections, revenue receipts or
bond sales to finance various public purposes.
THE TWO PRINCIPAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES
ARE GENERAL OBLIGATION AND SPECIAL OBLIGATION (OR SPECIAL REVENUE
OBLIGATION) SECURITIES.
GENERAL OBLIGATION securities involve a pledge of the credit
of an issuer possessing taxing power and are payable from the
issuer's general unrestricted revenues. Their payment may depend
on an appropriation by the issuer's legislative body. The
characteristics and methods of enforcement of general obligation
securities vary according to the law applicable to the particular
issuer.
SPECIAL OBLIGATION (or SPECIAL REVENUE OBLIGATION) securities
are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular
facility or class of facilities, or a specific revenue source,
and generally are not payable from the unrestricted revenues of
the issuer. Industrial development bonds and private activity
bonds are in most cases special obligation securities,
whose credit quality is tied to the private user of
the facilities.
INTEREST RATES. The value of the securities in the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund's portfolio can be expected to vary
inversely with interest rates . Although the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund's investment policies are designed to
minimize these changes and to maintain a net asset value of $1.00
per share, there is no assurance that these policies will be
successful. Withdrawals by shareholders could require the sale
of portfolio investments at a time when such a sale might not
otherwise be desirable.
CONCENTRATION. The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund will not invest
more than 25% of its total assets in any one industry.
Governmental issuers of tax-exempt securities are not
considered part of any "industry." However, for this purpose
(and for diversification purposes discussed above) tax-exempt
securities backed only by the assets and revenues of
nongovernmental users may be deemed to be issued by such
nongovernmental users. Thus, the 25% limitation would apply to
these obligations.
It is possible that the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may
invest more than 25% of its assets in a broader segment of the
market for tax-exempt securities , such as revenue
obligations of hospitals and other health care facilities,
housing revenue obligations, or airport revenue obligations.
This would be the case only if Putnam Management determined that
the yields available from obligations in a particular segment of
the market justified the additional risks associated with such
concentration.
Although these obligations could be supported by the
credit of governmental issuers or by the credit of
nongovernmental issuers engaged in a number of industries,
economic, business, political and other developments generally
affecting the revenues of their issuers may have a
general adverse effect on all tax-exempt securities in a market
segment. (Examples would include proposed legislation or
pending court decisions affecting the financing of such projects
and market factors affecting the demand for their services or
products.)
The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund reserves the right to invest
more than 25% of its assets in industrial development bonds and
private activity securities. The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
also reserves the right to invest more than 25% of its assets in
securities relating to one or more states (including the District
of Columbia), territories, or U.S. possessions, or any of
their political subdivisions. As a result of such an investment,
the performance of the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may be
especially affected by factors pertaining to the economy of the
relevant governmental issuer and other factors
specifically affecting the ability of issuers of such securities
to meet their obligations. As a result, the value of the
fund's shares may fluctuate more than the value of shares of a
portfolio investing in securities relating to a greater number of
different governmental issuers. The ability of governmental
issuers to meet their obligations will depend primarily on the
availability of tax and other revenues to those governments and
on their fiscal conditions generally. The amounts of tax and
other revenues available to governmental issuers may be affected
from time to time by economic, political, and demographic
conditions within the particular state. In addition,
constitutional or statutory restrictions may limit a government's
power to raise revenues or increase taxes. The availability of
federal, state, and local aid to issuers of such securities may
also affect their ability to meet their obligations. Payments of
principal and interest on special obligation securities will
depend on the economic condition of the facility or specific
revenue source from whose revenues the payments will be made,
which in turn could be affected by economic, political, and
demographic conditions in the particular state , territory or
possession . Any reduction in the actual or perceived ability
of an issuer of tax-exempt securities in a particular
state , territory or possession to meet its obligations
(including a reduction in the rating of its outstanding
securities) would likely affect adversely the market value and
marketability of its obligations and could affect adversely the
values of tax-exempt securities issued by others in that
state as well.
ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX. In determining compliance with
the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's 80% test described
above, it is a fundamental policy of the fund to exclude from
tax-exempt securities any securities the interest from
which may be subject to the federal alternative
minimum tax for individuals. To the extent that the fund
invests in these securities, individual as well as corporate
shareholders of the fund , depending on their own tax
status, may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax on the
part of the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's distributions derived
from these securities. An investment in the fund
may subject corporate shareholders to the
alternative minimum tax , because a portion of tax-exempt
income is generally included in the alternative minimum
taxable income of corporations.
OTHER INVESTMENT PRACTICES
THE FUNDS MAY ALSO ENGAGE IN THE FOLLOWING INVESTMENT
PRACTICES AS DESCRIBED BELOW , EACH OF WHICH MAY RESULT IN
TAXABLE INCOME OR CAPITAL GAINS AND INVOLVES CERTAIN SPECIAL
RISKS. THE SAI CONTAINS MORE DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT
THESE PRACTICES, INCLUDING LIMITATIONS DESIGNED TO REDUCE THESE
RISKS.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. Each fund may enter into
repurchase agreements, although the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
may only enter into repurchase agreements on up to 25% of its
assets. Under a repurchase agreement, a fund purchases a
debt instrument for a relatively short period (usually not more
than one week), which the seller agrees to repurchase at a fixed
time and price, representing the fund's cost plus
interest. The Money Market Fund will enter into repurchase
agreements only with commercial banks and with registered broker-
dealers who are members of a national securities exchange or
market makers in government securities, and only if the debt
instrument subject to the repurchase agreement is a U.S. Treasury
or agency obligation. Although Putnam Management will monitor
repurchase agreement transactions to ensure that they will be
fully collateralized at all times, a fund bears a risk of
loss if the other party defaults on its obligation and the
fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to
dispose of the collateral. If the other party should become
involved in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, it is possible
that a fund may be treated as an unsecured creditor and
required to return the underlying collateral to the other party's
estate.
FORWARD COMMITMENTS. The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may
purchase securities for future delivery, which may increase its
overall investment exposure and involves a risk of loss if the
value of the securities declines prior to the settlement date.
LIMITING INVESTMENT RISK
SPECIFIC INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS HELP THE FUNDS LIMIT
INVESTMENT RISKS FOR THEIR SHAREHOLDERS. These restrictions
prohibit each fund from investing more than:
(a) (for both funds) 5% of its total assets in the
securities of any one issuer (other than obligations issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or
instrumentalities for the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
only ); *
(b) (for the Money Market Fund only) 5% of its total assets
in companies that, together with any predecessors, have been in
operation for less than three years;*
(c) (for the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund only) 5% of its
total assets in securities of any issuer if the party
responsible for payment, together with any predecessor, has been
in operation for less than three years (except U.S. government
and agency obligations and obligations backed by the faith,
credit and taxing power of any person authorized to issue tax-
exempt securities) ;
(d) (for the Money Market Fund only) 10% of its
current net assets in securities restricted as to resale
( excluding restricted securities that have been determined
by the Trustees (or the person designated by the
Trustees to make such determinations) to be readily
marketable );*
(e) (for the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund only) 15% of its
total assets in securities restricted as to
resale , excluding restricted securities that have
been determined by the fund's Trustees (or the person
designated by them to make such determinations) to be readily
marketable;*
(f) (for both funds) 15% of its net assets in any combination of
securities that are not readily marketable, in securities
restricted as to resale (excluding securities determined by the
Trustees (or the person designated by the Trustees to make
such determinations) to be readily marketable), and in repurchase
agreements maturing in more than seven days.
The funds have not invested more than 10% of their net
assets in the types of securities listed in item (f) and have no
current intention of doing so.
Restrictions marked with an asterisk (*) above are summaries of
fundamental investment policies. See the SAI for the full
text of these policies and the funds' other
fundamental investment policies. Except for investment policies
designated as fundamental in this prospectus or the
SAI , the investment policies described in this
prospectus and in the SAI are not fundamental
policies. The Trustees may change any non-fundamental investment
policies without shareholder approval. As a matter of policy,
the Trustees would not materially change a fund's
investment objective without shareholder approval.
HOW PERFORMANCE IS SHOWN
EACH FUND'S INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE MAY FROM TIME TO TIME
BE INCLUDED IN ADVERTISEMENTS ABOUT THAT FUND . "Yield"
represents an annualization of the change in value of a
shareholder account (excluding any capital changes) for a
specific seven-day period. "Effective yield" compounds each
fund's yield for a year and is, for that reason, greater
than the fund's yield. Yield and effective yield are
computed separately for each class of shares of the Money Market
Fund. The yield and effective yield calculations for the Money
Market Fund's class B shares do not reflect deduction of
any contingent deferred sales charge. "Tax-equivalent" yield for
the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund shows the effect on performance
of the tax-exempt status of distributions received from the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund. It reflects the approximate yield that
a taxable investment must earn for shareholders at stated income
levels to produce an after-tax yield equivalent to the Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund's yield or effective yield.
ALL DATA ARE BASED ON PAST INVESTMENT RESULTS AND
DO NOT PREDICT FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
Investment performance, which will vary, is based on many
factors, including market conditions, the composition of each
fund's portfolio, each fund's operating expenses
and , in the case of the Money Market Fund , which class
of shares the investor purchases . Investment performance
also often reflects the risks associated with each fund's
investment objective and policies. These factors should be
considered when comparing each fund's investment results
with those of other mutual funds and other investment
vehicles.
Quotations of investment performance for any period when an
expense limitation was in effect will be greater than if the
limitation had not been in effect. Each Fund's
performance may be compared to that of various
indexes. See the SAI .
HOW THE FUNDS ARE MANAGED
THE TRUSTEES OF EACH FUND ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERALLY
OVERSEEING THE CONDUCT OF THAT FUND'S BUSINESS. Subject
to such policies as the Trustees may determine, Putnam Management
furnishes a continuing investment program for each fund
and makes investment decisions on each fund's behalf.
Subject to the control of the Trustees, Putnam Management also
manages the funds' other affairs and business.
Each fund pays Putnam Management a quarterly fee for these
services based on the fund's average net assets. See "Expenses
summary" and the SAI.
The following officer of Putnam Management has had
primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of each
fund's portfolio since the year stated below:
Business experience
Year (at least 5 years)
------- -----------------
Lindsey C. Strong 1992 Employed as an investment
Vice President professional by Putnam
Management since 1984.
Each fund pays all expenses not assumed by Putnam
Management, including Trustees' fees, auditing, legal, custodial,
investor servicing and shareholder reporting expenses and, in the
case of the Money Market Fund, payments under its distribution
plans (which are in turn allocated to the relevant class of
shares). Each fund also reimburses Putnam Management for
the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the
fund and their staff who provide administrative services
to the funds . The total reimbursement is determined
annually by the Trustees of each fund .
Putnam Management places all orders for purchases and sales of
each fund's securities. In selecting broker-dealers,
Putnam Management may consider research and brokerage services
furnished to it and its affiliates. Subject to seeking the most
favorable price and execution available, Putnam Management may
consider sales of shares of each fund (and, if permitted
by law, of the other Putnam funds) as a factor in the selection
of broker-dealers.
ORGANIZATION AND HISTORY
Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
are Massachusetts business trusts organized on
November 25, 1975 and December 3, 1986, respectively. A copy of
each Agreement and Declaration of Trust, which is governed by
Massachusetts law, is on file with the Secretary of State of The
Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Prior to September 1, 1994,
Putnam Money Market Fund was known as Putnam Daily Dividend
Trust.
Each fund is an open-end, diversified management
investment company with an unlimited number of authorized shares
of beneficial interest. Although shares of the Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund may be divided without shareholder
approval into two or more series of shares
representing separate investment portfolios, its
shares are not currently divided into series.
Shares of the Money Market Fund and shares of any such
series of the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may be
divided without shareholder approval into two or
more classes of shares having such preferences and special or
relative rights and privileges as the Trustees determine. The
Money Market Fund's shares are currently divided into
three classes . The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's
shares are not currently divided into classes. Each fund may
also offer other classes of shares with different sales charges
and expenses. Because of these different sales charges and
expenses, the investment performance of the classes will vary.
For more information, including your eligibility to purchase any
other class of shares, contact your investment dealer or Putnam
Mutual Funds (at 1-800-225-1581).
Each share has one vote, with fractional shares voting
proportionally. Shares of each class of the Money Market Fund
will vote together as a single class except when otherwise
required by law or as determined by the Trustees. Shares are
freely transferable, are entitled to dividends as declared by the
Trustees, and, if a fund were liquidated, would receive
the net assets of that fund. Either fund may
suspend the sale of shares at any time and may refuse any order
to purchase shares. Although neither fund is required to
hold annual meetings of its shareholders, shareholders of a
fund holding at least 10% of the outstanding shares of
such fund entitled to vote have the right to call a
meeting to elect or remove Trustees, or to take other actions as
provided in its Agreement and Declaration of Trust.
Although each fund is offering only its own shares in this
prospectus , it is possible that a fund might become
liable for any misstatement in the prospectus about
another fund . The Trustees of each fund have
considered this factor in approving the use of a single
prospectus.
If you own fewer shares than a minimum amount set by the Trustees
(presently 500 shares), a fund may choose to redeem your
shares . You will receive at least 30 days' written
notice before a fund redeems your shares, and you may
purchase additional shares at any time to avoid a redemption. A
fund may also redeem shares if you own shares above a
maximum amount set by the Trustees. There is presently no
maximum for either fund, but a fund's Trustees may
establish one at any time, which could apply to both present and
future shareholders.
THE FUNDS' TRUSTEES: GEORGE PUTNAM,* CHAIRMAN. President
of the Putnam funds. Chairman and Director of Putnam Management
and Putnam Mutual Funds Corp. ("Putnam Mutual Funds"). Director,
Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc.; WILLIAM F. POUNDS, VICE
CHAIRMAN. Professor of Management, Alfred P. Sloan School of
Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; JAMESON
ADKINS BAXTER, President, Baxter Associates, Inc.; HANS H.
ESTIN, Vice Chairman, North American Management Corp.; JOHN A.
HILL, Principal and Managing Director, First Reserve Corporation;
ELIZABETH T. KENNAN, President Emeritus and Professor ,
Mount Holyoke College; LAWRENCE J. LASSER,* Vice President of the
Putnam funds. President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of
Putnam Investments, Inc. and Putnam Management. Director, Marsh
& McLennan Companies, Inc.; ROBERT E. PATTERSON, Executive Vice
President, Cabot Partners Limited Partnership; DONALD S.
PERKINS, * Director of various corporations, including
AT&T, Kmart Corporation and Time Warner Inc.; GEORGE
PUTNAM, III,* President, New Generation Research, Inc. ; ELI
SHAPIRO, Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Management, Emeritus,
Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology ; A.J.C. SMITH,* Chairman, Chief Executive Officer
and Director, Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc.; and W. NICHOLAS
THORNDIKE, Director of various corporations and charitable
organizations, including Data General Corporation, Bradley
Real Estate, Inc. and Providence Journal Co. Also, Trustee
of Massachusetts General Hospital and Eastern Utilities
Associates. The funds' Trustees are also Trustees of
the other Putnam funds. Those marked with an asterisk (*)
are or may be deemed to be "interested persons" of a
fund , Putnam Management or Putnam Mutual Funds.
<PAGE>
ABOUT YOUR INVESTMENT
HOW TO BUY SHARES
SHARES OF THE TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND AND CLASS A AND
M SHARES OF THE MONEY MARKET FUND. The Tax Exempt Money Market
Fund continuously offers its shares, and the Money Market Fund
continuously offers its class A and class M shares,
at a price of $1.00 per share, without a front-end or
contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC") except that a CDSC of
up to 1% may be assessed on class A shares that were exchanged
from another fund where they were purchased without an
initial sales charge.
You can open a fund account for $1,000 or more and
make additional investments at any time with as little as
$100. You can buy the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's shares and
the Money Market Fund's class A and class M shares
three ways - by mail, by wire, or through most investment
dealers. A CDSC of 1.00% or 0.50%, respectively, will be
imposed on redemptions of class A shares of the Money Market Fund
that were purchased by exchange of class A shares of another
Putnam fund purchased without an initial sales charge as part of
a purchase of $1 million or more, if such redemption occurs
within the first or second year after the initial purchase. The
CDSC will be computed based on the lower of the shares' cost and
current net asset value. Any shares acquired by reinvestment of
distributions will be redeemed without a CDSC.
CLASS B SHARES (THE MONEY MARKET FUND). Class B shares of the
Money Market Fund may only be purchased (i) by investors opening
Dollar Cost Averaging accounts pursuant to which all of the
amount invested will be reinvested in other Putnam funds within
24 months of the initial purchase and (ii) by exchange of class B
shares of another Putnam fund. Class B shares of the Money
Market Fund are sold without an initial sales charge, although a
CDSC will be imposed if you redeem shares within a specified
period after purchase. For class B shares purchased by exchange
from another Putnam fund, the CDSC will be computed using the
schedule of any other Putnam fund into or from which you have
exchanged shares that would result in your paying the highest
CDSC applicable to class B shares. For class B shares purchased
by investors opening Dollar Cost Averaging Accounts, the CDSC
will be computed using the table below. The following types of
shares may be redeemed without charge at any time: (i) shares
acquired by reinvestment of distributions and (ii) shares
otherwise exempt from the CDSC, as described in "How to buy
shares--General" below. For other shares, the amount of the
charge is determined as a percentage of the lesser of the current
market value or the cost of the shares being redeemed.
YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7+
- -------------------------------------------------------------
CHARGE 5% 4% 3% 3% 2% 1% 0%
In determining whether a CDSC is payable on any redemption, the
Money Market Fund will first redeem shares not subject to any
charge, and then shares held longest during the CDSC period. For
this purpose, the amount of any increase in a share's value above
its initial purchase price is not regarded as a share exempt from
the CDSC. Thus, when a share that has appreciated in value is
redeemed during the CDSC period, a CDSC is assessed only on its
initial purchase price. For information on how sales charges are
calculated if you exchange your shares, see "How to exchange
shares." Putnam Mutual Funds receives the entire amount of any
CDSC you pay. Orders for class B shares for $250,000 or more
will be treated as orders for class A shares or declined. Class
B shares of the Money Market Fund will automatically convert into
class A shares approximately eight years after purchase. For
more information about the conversion of class B shares, see the
SAI. This discussion will include information about how shares
acquired through reinvestment of distributions are treated for
conversion purposes. This discussion will also note certain
circumstances under which a conversion may not occur.
GENERAL
Unlike class A shares of the Money Market Fund, class B
and class M shares of the Money Market Fund are subject to an
ongoing distribution fee which will cause such shares to have a
higher expense ratio and to pay lower dividends than class
A shares. See "Expenses summary." Not all investment dealers
sell all classes of shares. Investment dealers may
receive different compensation depending upon which class of
shares they sell. See "Distribution Plans . " For
more information, consult your investment dealer or Putnam
Investor Services.
Because the funds seek to be fully invested at all times,
investments must be in Same Day Funds to be accepted. Same Day
Funds are funds credited to the account of the relevant
fund's designated bank by the Federal Reserve Bank of
Boston. When payment in Same Day Funds is available to a
fund prior to the close of regular trading on the New York
Stock Exchange, that fund will accept the order to
purchase shares that day.
If you are considering redeeming or exchanging shares or
transferring shares to another person shortly after purchase, you
should pay for those shares with wired Same Day Funds or a
certified check to avoid any delay in redemption, exchange or
transfer. Otherwise, a fund may delay the payment or the
transaction until the purchase price of those shares has been
collected or, if you exchange your shares or redeem them by
check or telephone , until 15 calendar days after
the purchase date.
After you make your initial investment in a fund , Putnam
Investor Services will establish an Investing Account for you on
that fund's records. This account is a complete record of
all transactions between you and the fund , which at all
times shows the balance of shares you own. The funds will
not issue share certificates.
The Money Market Fund may sell class B shares at net asset
value without a CDSC to the fund's current and retired Trustees
(and their families), current and retired employees (and their
families) of Putnam Management and affiliates, registered
representatives and other employees (and their families) of
broker-dealers having sales agreements with Putnam Mutual Funds,
employees (and their families) of financial institutions having
sales agreements with Putnam Mutual Funds (or otherwise having an
arrangement with a broker-dealer or financial institution with
respect to sales of fund shares), financial institution trust
departments investing an aggregate of $1 million or more in
Putnam funds, clients of certain administrators of tax-qualified
plans, tax-qualified plans when proceeds from repayments of loans
to participants are invested (or reinvested) in Putnam funds,
"wrap accounts" for the benefit of clients of broker-dealers,
financial institutions or financial planners adhering to certain
standards established by Putnam Mutual Funds, and investors
meeting certain requirements who sold shares of certain Putnam
closed-end funds pursuant to a tender offer by the closed-end
fund.
In addition, the fund may sell shares at net asset value without
a CDSC in connection with the acquisition by the fund of assets
of an investment company or personal holding company, and the
CDSC will be waived on redemptions of shares arising out of death
or disability or in connection with certain withdrawals from IRA
or other retirement plans. Up to 12% of the value of shares
subject to a systematic withdrawal plan may also be redeemed each
year without a CDSC. The SAI contains additional information
about purchasing the fund's shares at reduced sales charges.
BUYING SHARES BY MAIL. Complete the order form and send it to
Putnam Investor Services with your check, Federal Reserve Draft
or other negotiable bank draft drawn on a U.S. bank and payable
in U.S. dollars to the order of the fund in which you are
investing. If you pay by check or draft, the fund's
designated bank will make Same Day Funds available to the
fund, and the fund will accept the order, on the
first business day after receipt of your check or draft. If you
pay by Federal Reserve Draft, the funds will accept the
order the day it is received provided it is received before the
close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange.
BUYING SHARES BY WIRE. You may invest in a fund by bank
wire transfer of Same Day Funds to that fund's designated
bank. For wiring instructions, see the order form. Investments
in Tax Qualified Retirement Plans cannot be made by wire.
Any commercial bank can transfer Same Day Funds by wire. Wired
funds received by a fund's designated bank by 3:00 p.m.
Boston time are normally accepted for investment on the day
received. To be sure that a bank wire order is accepted on the
same day it is sent, your bank should wire funds as early in the
day as possible. Your bank may charge for sending Same Day Funds
on your behalf. The funds' designated bank presently does
not charge you for receipt of wired Same Day Funds, but reserves
the right to charge for this service.
BUYING SHARES THROUGH INVESTMENT DEALERS. You may, if you wish,
purchase shares through investment dealers, which may charge a
fee for their services. Most investment dealers have a sales
agreement with Putnam Mutual Funds and will be glad to accept
your order. If you do not have a dealer, Putnam Mutual Funds can
refer you to one. Investment dealers must follow the
instructions in the order form.
DISTRIBUTION PLANS
Putnam Money Market Fund
THE MONEY MARKET FUND'S CLASS B AND CLASS M DISTRIBUTION
PLANS. The class B and class M plans provide for payments by
the fund to Putnam Mutual Funds at the annual rate of up
to 0.75% and 1.00%, respectively, of average net assets
attributable to class B shares and class M
shares , respectively . The Trustees currently limit
payments under the Money Market Fund's class B and class M
plans to the annual rate of 0.50% and 0.15%, respectively, of
such assets. Putnam Mutual Funds also receives the
proceeds of any CDSC imposed on redemptions of
class B shares.
Although class B shares are sold without an initial sales
charge, Putnam Mutual Funds pays a sales commission equal to
4.00% of the amount invested to dealers who sell class B shares.
These commissions are not paid on exchanges from other Putnam
funds or on sales to investors exempt from the CDSC.
In order to compensate investment dealers
(including qualifying financial institutions) for services
provided in connection with sales of class M shares and
the maintenance of shareholder accounts, Putnam Mutual Funds
makes quarterly payments to qualifying dealers . The payments
are based on the average net asset value of class M
shares attributable to shareholders for whom the dealers
are designated as the dealer of record. Putnam Mutual Funds
makes the payments at the annual rate of 0.15% of such
average net asset value of class M shares.
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's distribution plan
provides for payments by the fund to Putnam Mutual Funds
at the annual rate of up to 0.35% of the fund's average
net assets. At present, no payments are being made under the
plan .
GENERAL
Payments under the plans are intended to compensate Putnam
Mutual Funds for services provided and expenses incurred by it
as principal underwriter of the funds' shares, including the
payments to dealers mentioned above . Putnam
Mutual Funds may suspend or modify such payments
to dealers .
The payments are also subject to the continuation of
the relevant distribution plan , the terms of service
agreements between dealers and Putnam Mutual Funds, and any
applicable limits imposed by the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc.
HOW TO SELL SHARES
You can sell your shares to your fund any day the New York
Stock Exchange is open, by check or by telephone ,
by mail or through your investment dealer. Your fund must
receive your properly completed application before you may sell
shares; certain methods require additional documentation (see
below). To enable shareholders to earn daily dividends as long
as possible, the funds have arranged the following methods
of selling shares:
SELLING SHARES BY CHECK. If you would like to use a
fund's check - writing service, mark the proper box
on the order form and complete the signature card and, if
applicable, the resolution. Upon receiving the properly
completed order form, signature card , and resolution, your
fund will send you checks which may be made
payable to the order of any person in the amount of $500 or more.
When a check is presented for payment, a sufficient number of
full and fractional shares in your account will be redeemed at
that day's net asset value to cover the amount of the check. An
additional amount of shares will be redeemed to cover any
applicable CDSC.
Shareholders utilizing a fund's checks are subject to that
fund's bank's rules governing checking accounts. There is
currently no charge to shareholders for the use of checks.
You should make sure that there are sufficient shares in the
account to cover the amount of any check drawn plus any
applicable CDSC. If insufficient shares are in the account, the
check will be returned and no shares will be redeemed.
Because dividends declared on shares held in your account, the
imposition of any applicable CDSC, or prior withdrawals may cause
the value of your account to change, it is impossible to
determine in advance your account's total value. Accordingly,
you should not write a check for the entire value of your account
or close your account by writing a check. Redemptions by check
will be confirmed at least monthly.
SELLING SHARES BY TELEPHONE . If you would like to sell
shares by telephone with proceeds directed to your bank
account, please mark the proper box on the order form. You may
sell shares by calling toll-free 1-800-225-1581 . On the
following business day, the amounts withdrawn from your account
will either be mailed by check or wired in Same Day Funds to the
bank account designated on your application. (To wire proceeds,
the amount must be $1,000 or more and your designated bank must
be a commercial bank within the United States.) You may change
your designated bank account by sending a written request to
Putnam Investor Services with your signature guaranteed by a
bank,<PAGE>
broker-dealer or certain other financial institutions. See the
SAI for more information about how to obtain a signature
guarantee.
If you would like to redeem your shares by telephone and have the
proceeds sent to your address as it appears on the records of
Putnam Investor Services, you may use Putnam's Telephone
Redemption Privilege to redeem shares valued up to $100,000 from
your account unless you have notified Putnam Investor Services of
an address change within the preceding 15 days. Unless an
investor indicates otherwise on the account application ,
Putnam Investor Services will be authorized to act upon
redemption and transfer instructions received by telephone from a
shareholder, or any person claiming to act as his or her
representative, who can provide Putnam Investor Services with his
or her account registration and address as it appears on Putnam
Investor Services' records.
Putnam Investor Services will employ these and other
reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated
by telephone are genuine; if it fails to employ reasonable
procedures, Putnam Investor Services may be liable for any losses
due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. For information,
consult Putnam Investor Services.
During periods of unusual market changes and shareholder
activity, you may experience delays in contacting Putnam Investor
Services by telephone . In this event, you may wish to
submit a written redemption request, as described below, or
contact your investment dealer. The Telephone Redemption
Privilege may be modified or terminated without notice.
SELLING SHARES BY MAIL. You may also sell shares of a
fund by sending a written withdrawal request to: Putnam
Investor Services, P.O. Box 41203, Providence, RI 02940-1203. If
you sell shares having a net asset value of $100,000 or more, the
signatures of registered owners or their legal representatives
must be guaranteed by a bank, broker-dealer or certain other
financial institutions. See the SAI for more information
about how to obtain a signature guarantee.
Putnam Investor Services may require additional documentation
from shareholders selling shares which are corporations,
partnerships, agents, fiduciaries or surviving joint owners.
Contact Putnam Investor Services for details . If
you are currently a shareholder and did not request the check -
writing service or telephone redemption privilege on
your initial order form, you must first complete and return an
authorization form, available from Putnam Investor Services. A
shareholder may revoke authorization for check - writing
service or telephone redemption by written notice at any
time, effective when Putnam Investor Services receives such
notice.
The funds reserve the right to terminate or modify the
terms of the check - writing service or telephone
redemption privilege, or to charge shareholders for the use of
these services at any time.
THE FUNDS GENERALLY SEND YOU PAYMENT FOR YOUR SHARES THE
BUSINESS DAY AFTER YOUR REQUEST IS RECEIVED. Under unusual
circumstances, a fund may suspend redemptions, or postpone
payment for more than seven days, as permitted by federal
securities law. If, however, your request is made by telephone
shortly after purchase and the shares being sold were
paid for by an uncertified check, your fund will pay for
the shares on the 15th calendar day after the purchase of the
shares. Putnam Investor Services will first redeem shares of
your fund purchased by direct cash investment.
HOW TO EXCHANGE SHARES
Shareholders of the funds who received their shares in
exchange for shares of another Putnam fund with a sales charge
can exchange their shares for shares of other Putnam funds at net
asset value beginning 15 days after purchase. Other shareholders
of the funds may need to pay at the time of the
exchange a sales charge which varies or, with respect to
class B shares of the Money Market Fund , may continue to
be subject to the CDSC, depending on the fund to which they
exchange and the amount exchanged. Not all Putnam funds offer
all classes of shares. Shareholders of the Money Market Fund
may exchange their shares only for shares of the same class of
another fund . If the other Putnam fund offers only one
class of shares, only class A shares may be exchanged for
such class. Shareholders of the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
exchanging into funds with more than one class of shares may
exchange their shares only for class A shares. If you
exchange shares subject to a CDSC, the transaction will not be
subject to the CDSC. However, when you redeem the shares
acquired through the exchange, the redemption may be subject to
the CDSC, depending upon when you originally purchased the
shares . The CDSC will be computed using the schedule of
any fund into or from which you have exchanged your shares that
would result in your paying the highest CDSC applicable to your
class of shares. For purposes of computing the CDSC, the length
of time you have owned your shares will be measured from the date
of original purchase and will not be affected by the exchange.
To exchange your shares, simply complete an Exchange
Authorization Form and send it to Putnam Investor Services.
The form is available from Putnam Investor
Services. For federal income tax purposes, an exchange is
treated as a sale of shares. Since the net income of a fund is
declared as a dividend each time it is determined, the net asset
value per share of a fund generally remains at $1.00 immediately
after each determination and dividend declaration; therefore, an
exchange generally will not give rise to gain or loss. A
Telephone Exchange Privilege is currently available for amounts
up to $500,000. Putnam Investor Services' procedures for
telephonic transactions are described above under "How to sell
shares." Ask your investment dealer or Putnam Investor
Services for prospectuses of other Putnam funds. Shares of
certain Putnam funds are not available to residents of all
states.
The exchange privilege is not intended as a vehicle for short-
term trading. Excessive exchange activity may interfere with
portfolio management and have an adverse effect on all
shareholders. In order to limit excessive exchange activity and
in other circumstances where Putnam Management or the Trustees
believe doing so would be in the best interests of a fund,
each fund reserves the right to revise or terminate the
exchange privilege, limit the amount or number of exchanges or
reject any exchange. Shareholders would be notified of any such
action to the extent required by law. Consult Putnam Investor
Services before requesting an exchange. See the SAI to
find out more about the exchange privilege.
HOW A FUND VALUES ITS SHARES
THE TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND CALCULATES THE NET ASSET VALUE
OF A SHARE, AND THE MONEY MARKET FUND CALCULATES THE NET ASSET
VALUE OF A SHARE OF EACH CLASS, BY DIVIDING THE TOTAL VALUE OF
ITS ASSETS, LESS LIABILITIES, BY THE NUMBER OF ITS SHARES
OUTSTANDING. SHARES ARE VALUED AS OF THE CLOSE OF REGULAR
TRADING ON THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE EACH DAY THE EXCHANGE IS
OPEN.
The funds value their portfolio investments at amortized
cost according to Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 2a-7.
The amortized cost of an instrument is determined by valuing it
at cost originally and thereafter amortizing any discount or
premium from its face value at a constant rate until maturity.
HOW A FUND DETERMINES NET INCOME AND MAKES
DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS ; TAX INFORMATION
THE FUNDS DETERMINE THEIR NET INCOME ONCE EACH DAY THE NEW
YORK STOCK EXCHANGE IS OPEN, AS OF THE CLOSE OF REGULAR TRADING
ON THE EXCHANGE. Each determination of a fund's net
income includes (i) all accrued investment income on portfolio
investments of the fund , (ii) plus or minus all realized
and unrealized gains and losses on the fund's portfolio
investments, (iii) less all accrued expenses of the fund.
(The funds will not have unrealized gains or losses so
long as they value their investments by the amortized cost
method.)
All of the net income of the funds is declared each day
that the funds are open for business as a dividend to
shareholders of record at the time of each declaration.
Shareholders begin earning dividends on the day after a
fund accepts their order. Each month's dividends will be
paid on the last business day of each month. A shareholder who
withdraws the entire balance of an account at any time during the
month will be paid all dividends declared through the date of the
withdrawal.
Distributions paid by the Money Market Fund with respect to
class A shares will generally be greater than those paid
with respect to class B and class M shares because
expenses attributable to class B and class M shares
will generally be higher.
YOU CAN CHOOSE FROM TWO DISTRIBUTION OPTIONS:
- Automatically reinvest all
distributions in additional shares; or
- Receive all distributions in cash.
You can change your distribution option by notifying Putnam
Investor Services in writing. If you do not select an option
when you open your account, all distributions will be reinvested.
All distributions reinvested in additional fund shares
will be invested in shares of the class on which the
distributions are paid. You will receive a statement
confirming reinvestment of distributions in additional
shares (or in shares of other Putnam funds for Dividends Plus
accounts) promptly following the quarter in which the
reinvestment occurs.
If a check representing a fund distribution is not cashed
within a specified period, Putnam Investor Services will notify
you that you have the option of requesting another check or
reinvesting the distribution in that fund or in another
Putnam fund. If Putnam Investor Services does not receive your
election, the distribution will be reinvested in your
fund . Similarly, if correspondence sent by a fund
or Putnam Investor Services is returned as "undeliverable,"
fund distributions will automatically be reinvested in
that fund or in another Putnam fund.
With Putnam Dividends PLUS, you can invest distributions from net
investment income in shares of the same class of another Putnam
fund. A sales charge will apply (unless the shares were acquired
by exchange from a Putnam fund that assessed a sales charge or
the dividends are invested in another Putnam money market fund).
Contact Putnam Investor Services for details.
Each fund intends to qualify as a "regulated investment
company" for federal income tax purposes and to meet all other
requirements necessary for it to be relieved of federal
taxes on income and gains it distributes to shareholders. Each
fund will distribute substantially all of its ordinary
income and capital gain net income, if any, on a current basis.
Distributions designated by the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund as
"exempt-interest dividends" are not generally subject to federal
income tax. However, if you receive social security or
railroad retirement benefits, you should consult your tax adviser
to determine what effect, if any, an investment in the Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund may have on the taxation of your benefits. In
addition, an investment in the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may
result in liability for federal alternative minimum tax and for
state and local taxes, both for individual and corporate
shareholders.
All Money Market Fund distributions and all Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund distributions other than exempt-interest dividends
will be taxable to you as ordinary income, except that any
distributions of net long-term capital gains will be
taxable as such, regardless of how long you have held the
shares. Distributions will be taxable as described above whether
received in cash or in shares through the reinvestment of
distributions.
Early in each year Putnam Investor Services will notify
you of the amount and tax status of distributions paid to you
for the preceding year.
The foregoing is a summary of certain federal income tax
consequences of investing in the funds . You should
consult your tax adviser to determine the precise effect of an
investment in the funds on your particular tax situation
(including possible liability for federal alternative
minimum tax and state and local taxes).
ABOUT PUTNAM INVESTMENTS, INC.
PUTNAM MANAGEMENT HAS BEEN MANAGING MUTUAL FUNDS SINCE 1937.
Putnam Mutual Funds is the principal underwriter of the
funds and of other Putnam funds. Putnam Fiduciary Trust
Company is the funds' custodian. Putnam Investor
Services, a division of Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company, is the
funds' investor servicing and transfer agent.
Putnam Management, Putnam Mutual Funds and Putnam Fiduciary Trust
Company are subsidiaries of Putnam Investments, Inc., which is
wholly owned by Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc., a publicly-
owned holding company whose principal businesses are
international insurance and reinsurance brokerage, employee
benefit consulting and investment management.
<PAGE>
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
FUND INFORMATION:
INVESTMENT MANAGER
Putnam Investment Management, Inc.
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
MARKETING SERVICES
Putnam Mutual Funds Corp.
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
INVESTOR SERVICING AGENT
Putnam Investor Services
Mailing address:
P.O. Box 41203
Providence, RI 02940-1203
CUSTODIAN
Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
LEGAL COUNSEL
Ropes & Gray
One International Place
Boston, MA 02110
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P. (Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund)
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
Price Waterhouse LLP (Putnam Money Market Fund)
160 Federal Street
Boston, MA 02110
PUTNAMINVESTMENTS
One Post Office Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
Toll-free 1-800-225-1581
<PAGE>
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE, BOSTON, MA 02109
CLASS A SHARES
INVESTMENT STRATEGY: INCOME
PROSPECTUS-
FEBRUARY 1, 1996
This prospectus explains concisely what you should know
before investing in class A shares of Putnam Money Market
Fund (the "fund") which are offered without a sales charge
through eligible employer-sponsored defined contribution plans
("defined contribution plans"). Please read it carefully and
keep it for future reference. You can find more detailed
information about the fund in the February 1, 1996
statement of additional information (the "SAI") , as amended
from time to time. For a free copy of the SAI or for
other information, including a prospectus regarding class A
shares for other investors, call Putnam Investor Services at
1-800-752-9894. The SAI has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission and is incorporated into this
prospectus by reference.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY
STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY
OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
PUTNAMINVESTMENTS
PUTNAM DEFINED
CONTRIBUTION PLANS
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND
Expenses summary. .........................................
Financial highlights. .....................................
Objective. .............................................
How the fund pursues its objective
....................
How performance is shown. .................................
How the fund is
managed. ................................
Organization and history. .................................
ABOUT YOUR INVESTMENT
How to buy shares. ........................................
How to sell shares. .......................................
How to exchange shares. ...................................
How the fund values its
shares. .........................
How the fund determines net income and makes
distributions to shareholders ; tax
information. .........................
ABOUT PUTNAM INVESTMENTS, INC. ............................
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND
EXPENSES SUMMARY
Expenses are one of several factors to consider when investing
. The following table summarizes expenses attributable
to class A shares based on the fund's most recent
fiscal year. The example shows the cumulative expenses
attributable to a hypothetical $1,000 investment in class
A shares of the fund over specified periods.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES
(as a percentage of average net assets)
Management fees 0.35%
Other expenses 0.27%
Total fund operating expenses 0.62%
The table is provided to help you understand the expenses of
investing in the fund and your share of the operating
expenses that the fund incurs.
EXAMPLE
Your investment of $1,000 would incur the following expenses,
assuming 5% annual return and redemption at the end of each
period:
1 3 5 10
year years years years
$16 $20 $35 $78
The example does not represent past or future expense
levels, and actual expenses may be greater or less than those
shown. Federal regulations require the example to assume
a 5% annual return, but actual annual return varies. The
example does not reflect any charges or expenses related
to your employer's plan.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following table presents per share financial
information for the fund's class A shares . This
information has been derived from the fund's financial
statements, which have been audited and reported on by the
fund's independent accountants. The " Report of
independent accountants" and financial statements included
in the fund's annual report to shareholders for its
1995 fiscal year are incorporated by reference into this
prospectus. The fund's annual report , which contains
additional unaudited performance information, is available
without charge upon request.
<PAGE>
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(FOR A SHARE OUTSTANDING THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD)
<TABLE><CAPTION>
FOR THE
YEARELEVEN MONTHS
ENDED ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30 SEPTEMBER 30 YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31
1995 1994* 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986
<C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CLASS A
NET INVESTMENT INCOME $.0521 $.0299 $.0246 $.0353 $.0598 $.0764 $.0853 $.0655 $.0568 $.0642
NET REALIZED GAIN ON INVESTMENTS -- .0001
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS .0521 .0299 .0246 .0353 .0599 .0764 .0853 .0655 .0568 .0642
TOTAL DISTRIBUTIONS $(.0521) $(.0299)$(.0246)$(.0353) $(.0599) $(.0764)$(.0853) $(.0655)$(.0568) $(.0642)
TOTAL INVESTMENT RETURN
AT NET ASSET VALUE(%)(A) 5.33 3.03(B) 2.49 3.58 6.16 7.92 8.87 6.75 5.83 6.61
NET ASSETS, END OF PERIOD
(IN THOUSANDS) $1,189,640 $1,101,171$586,920$839,185 $684,987 $904,186$797,395 $659,590$775,954 $320,874
RATIO OF EXPENSES
TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS(%)C .62 .58(B) .70 .86 .77 .74 .85 .91 1.01 .89
RATIO OF NET INVESTMENT
INCOME TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS(%) 5.23 3.03(B) 2.48 3.56 6.04 7.63 8.51 6.67 5.65 6.32
(A) TOTAL INVESTMENT RETURN ASSUMES DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT AND DOES NOT REFLECT THE EFFECT OF SALES CHARGES.
(B) NOT ANNUALIZED.
(C) THE RATIO OF EXPENSES TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1995 INCLUDES AMOUNTS PAID THROUGH
EXPENSE OFFSET ARRANGEMENTS. PRIOR PERIOD RATIOS EXCLUDE THESE AMOUNTS.
/TABLE
<PAGE>
OBJECTIVE
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND SEEKS AS HIGH A RATE OF CURRENT INCOME
AS PUTNAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC., THE FUND'S
INVESTMENT MANAGER ("PUTNAM MANAGEMENT"), BELIEVES IS CONSISTENT
WITH PRESERVATION OF CAPITAL AND MAINTENANCE OF LIQUIDITY. It is
designed for investors seeking current income with stability of
principal. The fund is not intended to be a complete
investment program, and there is no assurance it will achieve its
objective.
HOW THE FUND PURSUES ITS OBJECTIVE
BASIC INVESTMENT STRATEGY
THE FUND INVESTS IN A PORTFOLIO OF HIGH-QUALITY MONEY
MARKET INSTRUMENTS. EXAMPLES OF THESE INSTRUMENTS INCLUDE:
o BANK CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT (CDS) : negotiable
certificates issued against funds deposited in a
commercial bank for a definite period of time and
earning a specified return.
o BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES: negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, which have been "accepted" by a bank,
meaning, in effect, that the bank has unconditionally
agreed to pay the face value of the instrument on
maturity.
o PRIME COMMERCIAL PAPER: high-grade, short-term
obligations issued by banks, corporations and other
issuers.
o CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS: high-grade, short-term
corporate obligations other than prime commercial
paper.
o MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS: high-grade, short-term
municipal obligations.
o U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES: marketable securities
issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by
the U.S. government or by its agencies or
instrumentalities.
o REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS: with respect to U.S. Treasury
or U.S. Government agency obligations.
The fund will invest only in high-quality securities that
Putnam Management believes present minimal credit risk. High-
quality securities are securities rated at the time of
acquisition in one of the two highest categories by at least two
nationally recognized rating services (or, if only one rating
service has rated the security, by that service) or, if the
security is unrated, judged to be of equivalent quality by Putnam
Management. The fund will maintain a dollar-weighted
average maturity of 90 days or less and will not invest in
securities with remaining maturities of more than 397 days. The
fund may invest in variable or floating rate securities
which bear interest at rates subject to periodic adjustment or
which provide for periodic recovery of principal on demand.
Under certain conditions, these securities may be deemed to have
remaining maturities equal to the time remaining until the next
interest adjustment date or the date on which principal can be
recovered on demand. The fund follows investment and
valuation policies designed to maintain a stable net asset value
of $1.00 per share. There is no assurance that the fund
will be able to maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per
share.
SELECTION OF INVESTMENTS
The fund may invest in bank certificates of deposit and
bankers' acceptances issued by banks having deposits in excess of
$2 billion (or the foreign currency equivalent) at the close of
the last calendar year. Should the Trustees decide to reduce
this minimum deposit requirement, shareholders would be notified
and this prospectus supplemented.
Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by
the U.S. government include a variety of Treasury securities,
which differ in their interest rates, maturities and dates of
issue. Securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or
instrumentalities of the U.S. government may or may
not be supported by the full faith and credit of the United
States or by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury.
Considerations of liquidity and preservation of capital mean that
the fund may not necessarily invest in money market
instruments paying the highest available yield at a particular
time. Consistent with its investment objective, the fund
will attempt to maximize yields by portfolio trading and by
buying and selling portfolio investments in anticipation of or in
response to changing economic and money market conditions and
trends. The fund will also invest to take advantage of
what Putnam Management believes to be temporary disparities in
yields of different segments of the high-grade money market or
among particular instruments within the same segment of the
market. These policies, as well as the relatively short maturity
of obligations purchased by the fund , may result in
frequent changes in the fund's portfolio. Portfolio
turnover may give rise to taxable gains. The fund does not
usually pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase
or sale of portfolio securities. See "Management --
Portfolio Transactions -- Brokerage and research services" in the
SAI for a discussion of underwriters' commissions and
dealers' spreads involved in the purchase and sale of portfolio
securities.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS. The fund may invest without limit in
U.S. dollar - denominated commercial paper of foreign
issuers and in bank certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances payable in U.S. dollars and issued by foreign banks
(including U.S. branches of foreign banks) or by foreign branches
of U.S. banks. These investments subject the fund to
investment risks different from those associated with domestic
investments. Such risks include the possibility of
adverse political and economic developments in such countries,
the imposition of withholding taxes on interest income, seizure
or nationalization of foreign deposits or the adoption of other
governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the
payment of principal and interest on such obligations.
Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign
countries may be more limited than those available with respect
to investments in the United States or in other foreign
countries. Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations
may involve certain risks (such as delay in payment or delivery
of securities or in the recovery of the fund's assets held
abroad) and expenses not present in the settlement of domestic
investments. In addition, foreign securities may be less liquid
than U.S. securities, and foreign accounting and disclosure
standards may differ from United States standards. Special tax
considerations apply to foreign securities.
A MORE DETAILED EXPLANATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS, AND THE RISKS
AND SPECIAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM, IS INCLUDED
IN THE SAI .
INTEREST RATES. The value of the securities in the
fund's portfolio can be expected to vary inversely with
changes in prevailing interest rates. Although the fund's
investment policies are designed to minimize these changes and to
maintain a net asset value of $1.00 per share, there is no
assurance that these policies will be successful.
Withdrawals by shareholders could require the sale of portfolio
investments at a time when such a sale might not otherwise be
desirable.
CONCENTRATION. The fund may invest without limit in the
banking industry and in commercial paper and short-term corporate
obligations of issuers in the personal credit institution and
business credit institution industries when, in the opinion of
Putnam Management, the yield, marketability and availability of
investments meeting the fund's quality standards in those
industries justify any additional risks associated with the
concentration of the fund's assets in those industries.
The fund , however, will invest more than 25% of its assets
in the personal credit institution or business credit institution
industries only when, to Putnam Management's knowledge, the
yields then available on securities issued by companies in such
industries and otherwise suitable for investment by the
fund exceed the yields then available on securities issued
by companies in the banking industry and otherwise suitable for
investment by the fund .
OTHER INVESTMENT PRACTICES
THE FUND MAY ALSO ENGAGE IN THE FOLLOWING
INVESTMENT PRACTICES, EACH OF WHICH INVOLVES CERTAIN SPECIAL
RISKS. THE SAI CONTAINS MORE DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT
THESE PRACTICES, INCLUDING LIMITATIONS DESIGNED TO REDUCE THESE
RISKS.
SECURITIES LENDING. The fund may lend portfolio securities
amounting to not more than 25% of its assets to broker-dealers.
These transactions must be fully collateralized at all times with
cash and short-term debt obligations. These transactions involve
some risk to the fund if the other party should default on its
obligation and the fund is delayed or prevented from recovering
the collateral.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The fund may enter into repurchase
agreements. Under a repurchase agreement, the fund
purchases a debt instrument for a relatively short period
(usually not more than one week), which the seller agrees to
repurchase at a fixed time and price, representing the
fund's cost plus interest. The fund will enter
into repurchase agreements only with commercial banks and with
registered broker-dealers who are members of a national
securities exchange or market makers in government securities,
and only if the debt instrument subject to the repurchase
agreement is a U.S. Treasury or agency obligation. Although
Putnam Management will monitor repurchase agreement transactions
to ensure that they will be fully collateralized at all times,
the fund bears a risk of loss if the other party defaults
on its obligation and the fund is delayed or prevented
from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral. If the
other party should become involved in bankruptcy or insolvency
proceedings, it is possible that the fund may be treated
as an unsecured creditor and required to return the underlying
collateral to the other party's estate.<PAGE>
LIMITING INVESTMENT RISK
SPECIFIC INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS HELP THE FUND LIMIT
INVESTMENT RISKS FOR ITS SHAREHOLDERS. These restrictions
prohibit the fund from investing more than:
(a) 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one
issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government or its agencies or instrumentalities);*
(b) 5% of its total assets in companies that, together with
any predecessors, have been in operation for less than
three years;*
(c) 10% of its current net assets in securities
restricted as to resale (excluding restricted securities that
have been determined by the Trustees (or the person designated by
the Trustees to make such determinations) to be readily
marketable);*
(d) 15% of its net assets in any combination of securities that
are not readily marketable, in securities restricted as to resale
(excluding securities determined by the Trustees (or the
person designated by the Trustees to make such
determinations) to be readily marketable), and in repurchase
agreements maturing in more than seven days.
The fund has not invested more than 10% of its net
assets in the types of securities listed in item (d) and has no
current intention of doing so.
Restrictions marked with an asterisk (*) above are summaries of
fundamental investment policies. See the SAI for the full
text of these policies and the fund's other fundamental
investment policies. Except for investment policies designated
as fundamental in this prospectus or the SAI , the
investment policies described in this prospectus and in
the SAI are not fundamental policies. The Trustees may
change any non-fundamental investment policies without
shareholder approval. As a matter of policy, the Trustees would
not materially change the fund's investment objective
without shareholder approval.
HOW PERFORMANCE IS SHOWN
THE FUND'S INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE MAY FROM TIME TO TIME BE
INCLUDED IN ADVERTISEMENTS ABOUT THE FUND . "Yield"
represents an annualization of the change in value of a
shareholder account (excluding any capital changes) for a
specific seven-day period. "Effective yield" compounds the
fund's yield for a year and is, for that reason, greater
than the fund's yield.
ALL DATA ARE BASED ON PAST INVESTMENT RESULTS AND
DO NOT PREDICT FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
Investment performance, which will vary, is based on many
factors, including market conditions, the composition of the
fund's portfolio, the fund's operating expenses and
which class of shares the investor purchases . Investment
performance also often reflects the risks associated with the
fund's investment objective and policies. These factors
should be considered when comparing the fund's investment
results with those of other mutual funds and other
investment vehicles.
Quotations of investment performance for any period when an
expense limitation was in effect will be greater than if the
limitation had not been in effect. The fund's performance
may be compared to that of various indexes. See
the SAI .
HOW THE FUND IS MANAGED
THE TRUSTEES OF THE FUND ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERALLY
OVERSEEING THE CONDUCT OF THE FUND'S BUSINESS. Subject to
such policies as the Trustees may determine, Putnam Management
furnishes a continuing investment program for the fund and
makes investment decisions on its behalf. Subject to the control
of the Trustees, Putnam Management also manages the fund's
other affairs and business.
The fund pays Putnam Management a quarterly fee for these
services based on the fund's average net assets. See "Expenses
summary" and the SAI.
The following officer of Putnam Management has had
primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the
fund's portfolio since the year stated below:
Business experience
Year (at least 5 years)
------- -----------------
Lindsey M. Strong 1992 Employed as an investment
Vice President professional by Putnam
Management since 1984.
The fund pays all expenses not assumed by Putnam
Management, including Trustees' fees , auditing, legal,
custodial, investor servicing and shareholder reporting expenses
and payments under its distribution plans (which are in
turn allocated to the relevant class of shares). The fund
also reimburses Putnam Management for the compensation and
related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their
staff who provide administrative services to the fund .
The total reimbursement is determined annually by the Trustees
of the fund .
Putnam Management places all orders for purchases and sales of
the fund's securities. In selecting broker-dealers,
Putnam Management may consider research and brokerage services
furnished to it and its affiliates. Subject to seeking the most
favorable price and execution available, Putnam Management may
consider sales of shares of the fund (and, if permitted by
law, of the other Putnam funds) as a factor in the selection of
broker-dealers.
ORGANIZATION AND HISTORY
Putnam Money Market Fund is a Massachusetts business trust
organized on November 25, 1975. A copy of the Agreement and
Declaration of Trust, which is governed by Massachusetts law, is
on file with the Secretary of State of The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts. Prior to September 1, 1994, the fund was
known as Putnam Daily Dividend Trust.
The fund is an open-end, diversified management investment
company with an unlimited number of authorized shares of
beneficial interest. Shares of the fund may be
divided without shareholder approval into two or more
classes of shares having such preferences and special or relative
rights and privileges as the Trustees determine. The
fund's shares are currently divided into three
classes . Only the fund's class A shares are
offered by this prospectus. The fund also offers other
classes of shares with different sales charges and
expenses. Because of these different sales charges and
expenses , the investment performance of the classes will
vary. For more information, including your eligibility to
purchase any other class of shares, contact your investment
dealer or Putnam Mutual Funds (at 1-800-225-1581).
Each share has one vote, with fractional shares voting
proportionally. Shares of each class will vote together
as a single class except when otherwise required by law or as
determined by the Trustees. Shares are freely transferable, are
entitled to dividends as declared by the Trustees, and, if the
fund were liquidated, would receive the net assets of the
fund. The fund may suspend the sale of shares at
any time and may refuse any order to purchase shares. Although
the fund is not required to hold annual meetings of its
shareholders, shareholders holding at least 10% of the
outstanding shares entitled to vote have the right to call a
meeting to elect or remove Trustees, or to take other actions as
provided in its Agreement and Declaration of Trust.
If you own fewer shares than a minimum amount set by the Trustees
(presently 500 shares), the fund may choose to
redeem your shares . You will receive at least 30 days'
written notice before the fund redeems your shares, and
you may purchase additional shares at any time to avoid a
redemption. The fund may also redeem shares if you own
shares above a maximum amount set by the Trustees. There is
presently no maximum, but the Trustees may establish one at any
time, which could apply to both present and future shareholders.
THE FUND'S TRUSTEES: GEORGE PUTNAM,* CHAIRMAN. President
of the Putnam funds. Chairman and Director of Putnam Management
and Putnam Mutual Funds Corp. ("Putnam Mutual Funds"). Director,
Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc.; WILLIAM F. POUNDS, VICE
CHAIRMAN. Professor of Management, Alfred P. Sloan School of
Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; JAMESON
ADKINS BAXTER, President, Baxter Associates, Inc.; HANS H. ESTIN,
Vice Chairman, North American Management Corp.; JOHN A. HILL,
Principal and Managing Director, First Reserve Corporation;
ELIZABETH T. KENNAN, President Emeritus and Professor ,
Mount Holyoke College; LAWRENCE J. LASSER,* Vice President of the
Putnam funds. President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of
Putnam Investments, Inc. and Putnam Management. Director, Marsh
& McLennan Companies, Inc.; ROBERT E. PATTERSON, Executive Vice
President, Cabot Partners Limited Partnership; DONALD S.
PERKINS, * Director of various corporations, including
AT&T, Kmart Corporation and Time Warner Inc.; GEORGE
PUTNAM, III,* President, New Generation Research, Inc. ; ELI
SHAPIRO, Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Management, Emeritus,
Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology ; A.J.C. SMITH,* Chairman, Chief Executive Officer
and Director, Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc.; and W. NICHOLAS
THORNDIKE, Director of various corporations and charitable
organizations, including Data General Corporation, Bradley
Real Estate, Inc. and Providence Journal Co. Also, Trustee
of Massachusetts General Hospital and Eastern Utilities
Associates. The fund's Trustees are also Trustees of
the other Putnam funds. Those marked with an asterisk (*)
are or may be deemed to be "interested persons" of the
fund , Putnam Management or Putnam Mutual Funds.
ABOUT YOUR INVESTMENT
HOW TO BUY SHARES
ALL ORDERS TO PURCHASE SHARES MUST BE MADE THROUGH YOUR
EMPLOYER'S DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN. FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES OF THE FUND THROUGH YOUR EMPLOYER'S
PLAN OR LIMITATIONS ON THE AMOUNT THAT MAY BE PURCHASED, PLEASE
CONSULT YOUR EMPLOYER. Shares are sold to eligible defined
contribution plans at the net asset value per share next
determined after receipt of an order by Putnam Mutual Funds.
Orders must be received by Putnam Mutual Funds before the
close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange in order
to receive that day's net asset value. Because the fund
seeks to be fully invested at all times, investments must be in
Same Day Funds to be accepted. Same Day Funds are funds credited
to the account of a bank designated by Putnam Fiduciary Trust
Company with the Boston Federal Reserve Bank. When payment in
Same Day Funds is available to the fund prior to the close
of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the
fund will accept the order to purchase shares that day.
To eliminate the need for safekeeping, the fund will not
issue certificates for your shares. Shares of the fund
are offered to other shareholders pursuant to another
prospectus and may be subject to a contingent deferred
sales charge.
HOW TO SELL SHARES
SUBJECT TO ANY RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED BY YOUR EMPLOYER'S PLAN, YOU
CAN SELL YOUR SHARES THROUGH THE PLAN TO THE FUND ANY DAY
THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE IS OPEN. For more information about
how to sell shares of the fund through your employer's
plan, including any charges that may be imposed by the plan,
please consult with your employer.
Your plan administrator must send a signed letter of instruction
to Putnam Investor Services. The price you will receive is the
next net asset value calculated after the fund receives
your request in proper form. All requests must be received by
the fund prior to the close of regular trading on the New
York Stock Exchange in order to receive that day's net asset
value. If your plan sells shares having a net asset value
of $100,000 or more, the signatures of registered owners or their
legal representatives must be guaranteed by a bank, broker-dealer
or certain other financial institutions. See the SAI for
more information about where to obtain a signature guarantee.
THE FUND GENERALLY PROVIDES PAYMENT FOR REDEEMED SHARES
THE BUSINESS DAY AFTER THE REQUEST IS RECEIVED. Under unusual
circumstances, the fund may suspend redemptions, or
postpone payment for more than seven days, as permitted by
federal securities law. The fund will only redeem shares
for which it has received payment.
HOW TO EXCHANGE SHARES
Subject to any restrictions contained in your plan, you can
exchange your shares for shares of other Putnam funds available
through your plan at net asset value. Contact your plan
administrator or Putnam Investor Services on how to exchange your
shares or how to obtain prospectuses of other Putnam funds in
which you may invest.
The exchange privilege is not intended as a vehicle for short-
term trading. Excessive exchange activity may interfere with
portfolio management and have an adverse effect on all
shareholders. In order to limit excessive exchange activity and
in other circumstances where Putnam Management or the Trustees
believe doing so would be in the best interests of the
fund, the fund reserves the right to revise or
terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount or number of
exchanges or reject any exchange. Shareholders would be notified
of any such action to the extent required by law . Consult
Putnam Investor Services before requesting an exchange. See the
SAI to find out more about the exchange privilege.
HOW THE FUND VALUES ITS SHARES
THE FUND CALCULATES THE NET ASSET VALUE OF A SHARE OF EACH
CLASS BY DIVIDING THE TOTAL VALUE OF ITS ASSETS, LESS
LIABILITIES, BY THE NUMBER OF ITS SHARES OUTSTANDING. SHARES ARE
VALUED AS OF THE CLOSE OF REGULAR TRADING ON THE NEW YORK STOCK
EXCHANGE EACH DAY THE EXCHANGE IS OPEN.
The fund values its portfolio investments at amortized
cost according to Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 2a-7.
The amortized cost of an instrument is determined by valuing it
at cost originally and thereafter amortizing any discount or
premium from its face value at a constant rate until maturity.
HOW THE FUND DETERMINES NET INCOME AND MAKES
DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS ; TAX INFORMATION
THE FUND DETERMINES ITS NET INCOME ONCE EACH DAY THE NEW
YORK STOCK EXCHANGE IS OPEN, AS OF THE CLOSE OF REGULAR TRADING
ON THE EXCHANGE. Each determination of the fund's net
income includes (i) all accrued investment income on portfolio
investments of the fund , (ii) plus or minus all realized
and unrealized gains and losses on the fund's portfolio
investments, (iii) less all accrued expenses of the fund.
(The fund will not have unrealized gains or losses so long
as it values its investments by the amortized cost method.)
All of the net income of the fund is declared each day
that the fund is open for business as a dividend to
shareholders of record at the time of each declaration.
Shareholders begin earning dividends on the day after the
fund accepts their order. Each month's dividends
will be paid on the last business day of each month. A
shareholder who withdraws the entire balance of an account at any
time during the month will be paid all dividends declared through
the date of the withdrawal.
Since the net income of the fund is declared as a dividend
each time it is determined, the net asset value per share of the
fund generally remains at $1.00 immediately after
each determination and dividend declaration ; therefore any
exchange generally will not give rise to gain or loss .
The terms of your plan will govern how your plan may receive
distributions from the fund . Generally, periodic
distributions from the fund to your plan are reinvested in
additional fund shares, although your plan may permit
you to receive fund distributions from net investment
income in cash while reinvesting capital gains distributions
in additional shares or to receive all fund distributions in
cash. If another option is not selected, all distributions will
be reinvested in additional fund shares.
The fund intends to qualify as a "regulated investment
company" for federal income tax purposes and to meet all other
requirements necessary for it to be relieved of federal
taxes on income and gains it distributes . The
fund will distribute substantially all of its ordinary
income and capital gain net income on a current basis.
Generally, fund distributions are taxable as ordinary
income, except that any distributions of net long-term capital
gains will be taxed as such. However, distributions by
the fund to employer-sponsored defined contribution plans
that qualify for tax-exempt treatment under federal income tax
laws will not be taxable. Special tax rules apply to investments
through such plans. You should consult your tax adviser to
determine the suitability of the fund as an investment
through such a plan and the tax treatment of distributions
(including distributions of amounts attributable to an investment
in the fund) from such a plan.
The foregoing is a summary of certain federal income tax
consequences of investing in the fund . You should consult
your tax adviser to determine the precise effect of an investment
in the fund on your particular tax situation (including
possible liability for state and local taxes).
ABOUT PUTNAM INVESTMENTS, INC.
PUTNAM MANAGEMENT HAS BEEN MANAGING MUTUAL FUNDS SINCE 1937.
Putnam Mutual Funds is the principal underwriter of the
fund and of other Putnam funds. Putnam Defined
Contribution Plans is a division of Putnam Mutual Funds. Putnam
Fiduciary Trust Company is the fund's custodian. Putnam
Investor Services, a division of Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company,
is the fund's investor servicing and transfer agent.
Putnam Management, Putnam Mutual Funds and Putnam Fiduciary Trust
Company are located at One Post Office Square, Boston,
Massachusetts 02109 and are subsidiaries of Putnam Investments,
Inc., which is wholly owned by Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc.,
a publicly-owned holding company whose principal businesses are
international insurance and reinsurance brokerage, employee
benefit consulting and investment management.
<PAGE>
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
FORM N-1A
PART B
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ("SAI")
FEBRUARY 1, 1996
This SAI is not a prospectus and is only authorized
for distribution when accompanied or preceded by the
prospectus of the funds dated February 1, 1996, as revised
from time to time. This SAI contains information which
may be useful to investors but which is not included in the
prospectus. If a fund has more than one form of
current prospectus , each reference to the
prospectus in this SAI shall include all of that
fund's prospectuses , unless otherwise noted. The SAI
should be read together with the applicable prospectus .
Investors may obtain a free copy of the applicable
prospectus from Putnam Investor Services, Mailing address:
P.O. Box 41203, Providence, RI 02940-1203.
Part I of this SAI contains specific information about the
funds . Part II includes information about the
funds and the other Putnam funds.
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
^
TAX - EXEMPT SECURITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-3
SECURITIES RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-5
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-7
CHARGES AND EXPENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I- 13
AMORTIZED COST VALUATION AND DAILY DIVIDENDS . . . . . . . . . I-
19
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-20
EQUIVALENT YIELDS: TAX-EXEMPT VERSUS TAXABLE SECURITIES. . . . I- 21
ADDITIONAL OFFICERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-22
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS . . . . . . . I- 22
PART II
MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENT PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1
TAXES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II- 22
MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II- 27
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II- 36
HOW TO BUY SHARES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II- 38
DISTRIBUTION PLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II- 49
INVESTOR SERVICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-
50
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II- 56
SUSPENSION OF REDEMPTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II- 56
SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II- 56
STANDARD PERFORMANCE MEASURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II- 57
COMPARISON OF PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . .II- 58
DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II- 63
<PAGE>
SAI
PART I
TAX - EXEMPT SECURITIES
GENERAL DESCRIPTION. As used in the prospectus and in
this SAI, the term "tax-exempt securities" includes
obligations issued by a state, and certain other
governmental entities, such as U.S. territories and
possessions , its political subdivisions , and
their agencies, instrumentalities or other governmental units,
the interest on which , in the opinion of bond
counsel, is exempt from federal income tax. Such
obligations are issued to obtain funds for various public
purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public
facilities, such as airports, bridges, highways, housing,
hospitals, mass transportation, schools, streets and water and
sewer works. Other public purposes for which tax-exempt
securities may be issued include the refunding of outstanding
obligations or the payment of general operating expenses.
Short-term tax-exempt securities are generally issued by
state and local governments and public authorities as interim
financing in anticipation of tax collections, revenue receipts,
or bond sales to finance such public purposes. In addition,
certain types of "private activity" bonds may be issued by public
authorities to finance such projects as privately operated
housing facilities and certain local facilities for water supply,
gas, electricity or sewage or solid waste disposal, student
loans, or the obtaining of funds to lend to public or private
institutions for the construction of facilities such as
educational, hospital and housing facilities. Such obligations
are included within the term tax-exempt securities if the
interest paid thereon is, in the opinion of bond counsel, exempt
from federal income tax (such interest may, however, be subject
to federal alternative minimum tax). Other types of private
activity bonds, the proceeds of which are used for the
construction, repair or improvement of, or to obtain equipment
for, privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may
constitute tax-exempt securities , although the current
federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of
such issues. Tax -exempt securities also include short-
term discount notes (tax-exempt commercial paper), which are
promissory notes issued by municipalities to enhance their cash
flows.
PARTICIPATION INTERESTS. The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund may
invest in tax-exempt securities either by purchasing them
directly or by purchasing certificates of accrual or similar
instruments evidencing direct ownership of interest payments or
principal payments, or both, on tax-exempt securities, provided
that, in the opinion of counsel to the initial seller of each
such certificate or instrument, any discount accruing on the
certificate or instrument that is purchased at a yield not
greater than the coupon rate of interest on the related tax-
exempt securities will be exempt from federal income tax to the
same extent as interest on the tax-exempt securities. The Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund may also invest in tax-exempt securities
by purchasing from banks participation interests in all or part
of specific holdings of tax-exempt securities. These
participations may be backed in whole or in part by an
irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of the selling bank.
The selling bank may receive a fee from the fund in connection
with the arrangement. The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund will not
purchase such participation interests unless it receives an
opinion of counsel or a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service
that interest earned by it on tax-exempt securities in which it
holds such participation interests is exempt from federal income
tax. The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund does not expect to invest
more than 5% of its assets in participation interests.
STAND-BY COMMITMENTS. When the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
purchases tax-exempt securities , it has the authority to
acquire stand-by commitments from banks and broker-dealers with
respect to those tax-exempt securities . A stand-by
commitment may be considered a security independent of the
tax-exempt security to which it relates. The amount
payable by a bank or dealer during the time a stand-by commitment
is exercisable, absent unusual circumstances, would be
substantially the same as the market value of the underlying
tax-exempt security to a third party at any time. The Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund expects that stand-by commitments
generally will be available without the payment of direct or
indirect consideration. The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund does
not expect to assign any value to stand-by commitments.
YIELDS. The yields on tax-exempt securities depend on a
variety of factors, including general money market conditions,
effective marginal tax rates, the financial condition of the
issuer, general conditions of the tax-exempt security
market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the
obligation and the rating of the issue. The ratings of Moody's
Investors Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor's represent
their opinions as to the quality of the tax-exempt
securities which they undertake to rate. It should be
emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not
absolute standards of quality. Consequently, tax-exempt
securities with the same maturity and interest rate but with
different ratings may have the same yield. Yield disparities may
occur for reasons not directly related to the investment quality
of particular issues or the general movement of interest rates,
due to such factors as changes in the overall demand or supply of
various types of tax-exempt securities or changes in the
investment objectives of investors. Subsequent to purchase by
the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, an issue of tax-exempt
securities or other investments may cease to be rated or its
rating may be reduced below the minimum rating required for
purchase by the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund. Neither event will
require the elimination of an investment from the Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund's portfolio, but Putnam Management will
consider such an event in its determination of whether the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund should continue to hold an investment in
its portfolio.
"MORAL OBLIGATION" BONDS. The Tax Exempt Money Market Fund does
not currently intend to invest in so-called "moral obligation"
bonds, where repayment is backed by a moral commitment of an
entity other than the issuer, unless the credit of the issuer
itself, without regard to the "moral obligation," meets the
investment criteria established for investments by the
fund .
ADDITIONAL RISKS. Securities in which the Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund may invest, including tax-exempt securities ,
are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other
laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the
federal Bankruptcy Code (including special provisions related
to municipalities and other public entities) , and laws, if
any, which may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures
extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both,
or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such
obligations. There is also the possibility that as a result of
litigation or other conditions the power , ability or
willingness of issuers to meet their obligations for the
payment of interest and principal on their tax-exempt
securities may be materially affected.
From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress
for the purpose of restricting or eliminating the federal income
tax exemption for interest on debt obligations issued by states
and their political subdivisions. Federal tax laws limit the
types and amounts of tax-exempt bonds issuable for certain
purposes, especially industrial development bonds and
private activity bonds. Such limits may affect the
future supply and yields of these types of tax-exempt
securities . Further proposals limiting the issuance of tax-
exempt bonds may well be introduced in the future. If it
appeared that the availability of tax-exempt securities
for investment by the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund and the value
of that fund's portfolio could be materially affected by
such changes in law, the Trustees of the Tax Exempt Money Market
Fund would reevaluate its investment objective and policies and
consider changes in the structure of the fund or its
dissolution.
SECURITIES RATINGS
THE FOLLOWING RATING SERVICES DESCRIBE RATED SECURITIES AS
FOLLOWS:
<PAGE>
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.
BONDS
Aaa -- Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best
quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and
are generally referred to as "gilt- edged" . Interest
payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable
margin and principal is secure. While the various protective
elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized
are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of
such issues.
Aa -- Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality
by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what
are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower
than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as
large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements
may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements
present which make the long-term risk appear somewhat
larger than the Aaa securities.
NOTES
MIG 1/VMIG 1 -- This designation denotes best quality. There is
present strong protection by established cash flows, superior
liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the
market for refinancing.
MIG 2/VMIG 2 -- This designation denotes high quality. Margins
of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding
group.
COMMERCIAL PAPER
Issuers rated PRIME-1 (or supporting institutions) have a
superior ability for repayment of senior short-term
debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will
often be evidenced by the following characteristics:
- -- Leading market positions in well established industries.
- -- High rates of return on funds employed.
- -- Conservative capitalization structures with moderate
reliance on debt and ample asset protection.
- -- Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial
charges and high internal cash generation.
- -- Well established access to a range of financial markets and
assured sources of alternate liquidity.
<PAGE>
Issuers rated PRIME-2 (or supporting institutions) have a
strong ability for repayment of senior short-term
debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many
of the characteristics cited above to a lesser degree. Earnings
trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject to
variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still
appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample
alternate liquidity is maintained.
STANDARD & POOR'S
BONDS
AAA -- Debt rated 'AAA' has the highest rating assigned by
Standard & Poor's. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal
is extremely strong.
AA -- Debt rated 'AA' has a very strong capacity to pay
interest and repay principal and differs from the higher rated
issues only in small degree.
NOTES
SP-1 -- Strong capacity to pay principal and interest.
Issues determined to possess very strong
characteristics are given a plus sign (+)
designation .
SP-2 -- Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest ,
with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes
over the term of the notes .
COMMERCIAL PAPER
A-1 -- This highest category indicates that the degree of
safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues
determined to possess extremely strong safety
characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+)
designation .
A-2 -- Capacity for timely payment on issues with this
designation is satisfactory . However, the relative degree
of safety is not as high as for issues designated 'A-1' .
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
As fundamental investment restrictions of each fund , which
may not be changed without a vote of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities of the relevant fund, as
described below, a fund may not and will not :
(1a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Borrow money in excess of one-third of
the value (taken at the lower of cost or current value) of its
total assets (not including the amount borrowed) at the time the
borrowing is made, and then only as a temporary measure to
facilitate the meeting of redemption requests (not for leverage)
which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of
portfolio investments or for extraordinary or emergency purposes.
Such borrowings will be repaid before any additional investments
are made. Interest paid on such borrowings would reduce the
yield on the fund's investments.
(1b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Borrow money in excess of 10%
of the value (taken at the lower of cost or current value) of its
total assets (not including the amount borrowed) at the time the
borrowing is made, and then only from banks as a temporary
measure to facilitate the meeting of redemption requests (not for
leverage) which might otherwise require the untimely disposition
of portfolio investments or for extraordinary or emergency
purposes. Such borrowings will be repaid before any additional
investments are purchased.
(2a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Pledge, hypothecate, mortgage or
otherwise encumber its assets in excess of 10% of its total
assets (taken at the lower of cost or current value) and then
only to secure borrowings permitted by restriction 1a
above.
(2b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Pledge, hypothecate,
mortgage, or otherwise encumber its assets in excess of 10% of
its total assets (taken at the lower of cost or current value)
and then only to secure borrowings permitted by restriction 1b
above. For the purposes of this restriction, collateral
arrangements with respect to margin for financial futures
contracts or related options are not deemed to be a pledge of
assets.
(3a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase securities on margin
(except such short-term credits as may be necessary for the
clearance of purchases and sales of securities).
(3b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase securities on
margin, except such short-term credits as may be necessary for
the clearance of purchases and sales of securities, but it may
make margin payments in connection with financial futures
contracts or related options.
(4a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Make short sales of securities or
maintain a short position for the account of the fund
unless at all times when a short position is open it either owns
an equal amount of such securities or owns securities convertible
into or exchangeable for securities of the same issue as, and
equal in amount to, the securities sold short.
<PAGE>
(4b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Make short sales of
securities or maintain a short position for the account of the
fund unless at all times when a short position is open it
owns an equal amount of such securities or owns securities which,
without payment of any further consideration, are convertible
into or exchangeable for securities of the same issue as, and
equal in amount to, the securities sold short.
(5) (FOR BOTH FUNDS) Underwrite securities issued by other
persons except to the extent that, in connection with the
disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be deemed to be
an underwriter under federal securities laws.
(6) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Concentrate more than 25% of its assets
in any one industry, except that the fund may invest up to
100% of its assets (i) in the banking industry, (ii) in the
personal credit institution or business credit institution
industries when in the opinion of management yield differentials
make such investments desirable, or (iii) in any combination of
these.
(7a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase or sell real estate, although
it may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate
and may purchase securities which are secured by interests in
real estate.
(7b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase or sell real estate,
although it may purchase securities which are secured by or
represent interests in real estate.
(8a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase or sell commodities or
commodity contracts.
(8b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase or sell commodities
or commodity contracts except financial futures contracts and
related options.
(9a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Make loans, except by purchase of debt
obligations and through repurchase agreements, provided, however,
that repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days will
not exceed 10% of the fund's total assets (taken at
current value), or through the lending of its portfolio
securities with respect to not more than 25% of its total assets.
(9b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Make loans, except by
purchase of debt obligations in which the fund may invest
consistent with its investment policies, and through repurchase
agreements.
(10) (FOR BOTH FUNDS) Invest in securities of any issuer
if, to the knowledge of the fund , officers and Trustees of
the fund or officers and directors of Putnam Management
who beneficially own more than 0.5% of the shares or securities
of that issuer together own more than 5%.
(11a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Invest in securities of any issuer if,
immediately after such investment, more than 5% of the total
assets of the fund taken at current value would be
invested in securities of such issuer, provided that this
limitation does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed as
to interest and principal by the U.S. government or its agencies.
(11b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Invest in securities of any
issuer if, immediately after such investment, more than 5% of the
total assets of the fund taken at current value would be
invested in the securities of such issuer; provided that this
limitation does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed as
to interest and principal by the U.S. government, its agencies or
instrumentalities .
(12a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Acquire more than 10% of the
outstanding voting securities of any issuer.
(12b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Acquire more than 10% of the
voting securities of any issuer.
(13a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase securities the disposition of
which is restricted under federal securities laws, if, as a
result, such investments would exceed 10% of the value of the
fund's current net assets, excluding restricted securities
that have been determined by the Trustees of the fund (or
the person designated by them to make such determinations) to be
readily marketable.
(13b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase securities which
are restricted as to resale, if, as a result, such investments
would exceed 15% of the value of the fund's net assets,
excluding restricted securities that have been determined by the
Trustees of the fund (or the person designated by them to
make such determinations) to be readily marketable.
(14) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Invest in securities of businesses less
than three years old (including predecessors), if, as a result,
more than 5% of the fund's total assets (taken at current
value) would then be invested in such securities.
(15) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase securities (other
than securities of the U.S. government, its agencies or
instrumentalities) if as a result of such purchase more than 25%
of the fund's total assets would be invested in any one
industry.
(16) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Issue any class of securities
which is senior to the fund's shares of beneficial
interest.
IT IS CONTRARY TO EACH FUND'S PRESENT POLICY ,
WHICH MAY BE CHANGED WITHOUT SHAREHOLDER APPROVAL, TO:
(1) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Make investments for the purpose of
gaining control of a company's management.
(2a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Invest in securities of other investment
companies, except as they may be acquired as part of a merger,
consolidation or acquisition of assets.
(2b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Invest in securities of
registered open-end investment companies, except as they may be
acquired as part of a merger or consolidation or acquisition of
assets or by purchases in the open market involving only
customary brokers' commissions.
(3a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase options or puts, calls,
straddles, spreads or any combination thereof in connection with
the purchase of fixed-income securities; however, the fund
may acquire warrants or other rights to subscribe for securities
of companies issuing such fixed-income securities or securities
of parents or subsidiaries of such companies.
(3b) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Engage in puts, calls,
straddles, spreads or any combination thereof, except that the
fund may buy and sell put and call options (and any
combination thereof) on securities, on financial futures
contracts, and on securities indices and may, in connection with
the purchase of fixed-income securities, acquire attached
warrants or other rights to subscribe for securities of companies
issuing such fixed-income securities or securities of parents or
subsidiaries of such companies. (The fund's investment
policies do not currently permit the fund to exercise
warrants or rights with respect to equity securities.)
(4) (FOR BOTH FUNDS) Buy or sell oil, gas, or other
mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts.
(5) (FOR BOTH FUNDS) Invest in (a) securities which at the
time of such investment are not readily marketable, (b)
securities restricted as to resale (excluding securities
determined by the fund's Trustees (or the person
designated by the fund's Trustees to make such
determinations) to be readily marketable), and (c) repurchase
agreements maturing in more than seven days, if, as a result,
more than 15% of the fund's net assets (taken at current
value) would then be invested in the aggregate in securities
described in (a), (b) and (c) above.
(6a) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Purchase or sell real property
(including limited partnership interests), except that the
fund may (a) purchase or sell readily marketable interests
in real estate investment trusts or readily marketable securities
of companies which invest in real estate (b) purchase or sell
securities that are secured by interests in real estate or
interests therein, or (c) acquire real estate through exercise of
its rights as a holder of obligations secured by real estate or
interests therein or sell real estate so acquired.
(7) (TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND) Invest in securities of any
issuer if the party responsible for payment, together with any
predecessor, has been in operation for less than three years,
and, as a result of the investment, the aggregate of such
investments would exceed 5% of the value of the fund's net
assets; provided, however, that this restriction shall not apply
to any obligation of the United States or its agencies or for the
payment of which is pledged the faith, credit and taxing power of
any person authorized to issue tax-exempt securities .
(8) (MONEY MARKET FUND) Engage in arbitrage provisions (i.e. buy
and sell a security simultaneously on different exchanges).
Changes in the above policies will be reflected in the funds'
prospectus or in this SAI. The funds have
undertaken to certain state securities authorities that certain
of these policies will not be changed without approval of such
authorities so long as shares of a fund are registered for
sale in such states. Changes in these policies could result in
increased investment risk.
Although certain of the funds' fundamental investment
restrictions permit a fund to borrow money to a limited extent,
neither of the funds currently intends to do so or did so last
year. Although non-fundamental investment policy (3a) above
generally permits the Money Market Fund to acquire warrants or
other rights to subscribe for securities, neither of the funds
currently intends to acquire rights or warrants to subscribe for
securities or did so last year other than such warrants or other
rights which are attached to such fixed-income securities.
Neither of the funds currently intends to engage in options or
futures transactions.
---------------
All percentage limitations on investments will apply at the time
of the making of an investment and shall not be considered
violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists
immediately after and as a result of such investment.
The Investment Company Act of 1940 provides that a "vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities" of a fund
means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of
the outstanding shares of that fund , or (2) 67% or more of
the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the
outstanding shares of that fund are represented at the
meeting in person or by proxy.
CHARGES AND EXPENSES
MANAGEMENT FEES
Each fund pays a quarterly fee to Putnam Management based
on the average net assets of that fund , as determined at
the close of each business day during the quarter, at the
following rates expressed as a percentage of each fund's average
net assets:
FUND NAME CONTRACT DATE RATES
Money Market Fund 12/21/88 0.50% of the first
$100 million ,
0.40% of the next
$100 million, 0.35% of
the next $300 million,
0.325% of the next
$500 million and 0.30%
thereafter.
Tax Exempt Money 7/9/92 0.45% of the first
Market Fund $500 million, 0.35% of
the next $500 million,
0.30% of the next $500
million and 0.25%
thereafter.
For the past three fiscal years, pursuant to its
management contract and, in the case of Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund , a management contract in effect prior to July 9,
1992, under which the management fee payable to Putnam Management
was paid at the rate of 0.50% of average net assets, each fund
incurred the following fees:
FISCAL MANAGEMENT
YEAR FEE PAID
------ ----------
Money Market Fund
1995 $4,812,695
1994 $3,334,454
1993 $2,363,285
<PAGE>
Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund
1995 $ 412,686
1994 $ 398,614
1993 $ 357,072
BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS
It is anticipated that most purchases and sales of portfolio
investments will be with the issuer or with major dealers in
money market instruments acting as principal. Accordingly, it is
not anticipated that the Money Market Fund or the Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund will pay significant brokerage commissions.
Neither fund incurred any brokerage commissions in
fiscal 1993, 1994 or 1995.
ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT
Each fund reimbursed Putnam Management in the following
amounts for administrative services during fiscal
1995, including the following amounts for
compensation of certain officers of that fund and
contributions to the Putnam Investments, Inc. Profit Sharing
Retirement Plan for their benefit :
PORTION OF TOTAL
REIMBURSEMENT FOR
COMPENSATION
TOTAL AND
REIMBURSEMENT CONTRIBUTIONS
------------- ----------------
Money Market Fund $29,760 $29,007
Tax Exempt Money $ 5,147 $ 5,017
Market Fund
QUALIFICATION AND REGISTRATION FEES
Each fund pays all fees for its qualification or registration
as an issuer or broker-dealer or for registration of its shares
in states in which such fund sell its shares, as well as
out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with such
qualifications or registrations.
TRUSTEE FEES
Each Trustee receives a fee for his or her services.
Each Trustee also receives fees for serving as Trustee of other
Putnam funds. The Trustees periodically review
their fees to assure that such fees continue to be appropriate in
light of their responsibilities as well as in relation to fees
paid to trustees of other mutual fund complexes. The Trustees <TABLE>
meet monthly over a two-day period, except in August. The Compensation Committee, which consists solely of Trustees not
affiliated with Putnam Management and is responsible for recommending Trustee compensation, estimates that
Committee and Trustee meeting time together with the appropriate preparation requires the equivalent of at least three
business days per Trustee meeting. The following table shows the year each Trustee was first elected a Trustee of the
Putnam funds, the fees paid to each Trustee by each fund for fiscal 1995 and the fees paid to each Trustee by all of the
Putnam funds during calendar year 1995:
<CAPTION>
COMPENSATION TABLE
AGGREGATE COMPENSATION* FROM:
<C> <C> <C> <C>
TAX EXEMPT
MONEY MARKET MONEY MARKET ALL PUTNAM
TRUSTEE/YEAR FUND FUND FUNDS**
Jameson A. Baxter/1994 $2,655 $605 $
Hans H. Estin/1972 2,653 605
John A. Hill/1985 2,641 603
Elizabeth T. Kennan/1992 2,624 600
Lawrence J. Lasser/1992 2,653 605
Robert E. Patterson/1984 2,693 609
Donald S. Perkins/1982 2,653 605
William F. Pounds/1971 2,642 603
George Putnam/1957 2,653 605
George Putnam, III/1984 2,653 605
Eli Shapiro/1995 1,086 207
A.J.C. Smith/1986 2,639 603
W. Nicholas Thorndike/1992 2,683 609
* Includes an annual retainer and an attendance fee for each meeting attended.
** Reflects total payments received from all Putnam funds in the most recent calendar year. As of December 31, 1995,
there were funds in the Putnam family.
</TABLE>
The Trustees have approved Retirement Guidelines for Trustees of
the Putnam funds. These Guidelines provide generally that a
Trustee who retires after reaching age 72 and who has at least 10
years of continuous service will be eligible to receive a
retirement benefit from each Putnam fund for which he or she
served as a Trustee. The amount and form of such benefit is
subject to determination annually by the Trustees and, unless
otherwise determined by the Trustees, will be an annual cash
benefit payable for life equal to one-half of the Trustee
retainer fees paid by each fund at the time of retirement.
Several retired Trustees are currently receiving benefits
pursuant to the Guidelines and it is anticipated that the current
Trustees will receive similar benefits upon their retirement. A
Trustee who retired in calendar 1995 and was eligible to receive
benefits under these Guidelines would have received an annual
benefit of $ , based upon the aggregate retainer fees paid
by the Putnam funds for such year. The Trustees reserve the
right to amend or terminate such Guidelines and the related
payments at any time, and may modify or waive the foregoing
eligibility requirements when deemed appropriate.
For additional information concerning the Trustees, see
"Management" in Part II of this SAI.
SHARE OWNERSHIP
At October 31, 1995 , the officers and Trustees of each
fund as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares
of each class of each fund , and to the knowledge of
each fund no person owned of record or beneficially 5%
or more of the shares of any class of that fund.
DISTRIBUTION FEES
During fiscal 1995, the funds paid the following 12b-1
fees to Putnam Mutual Funds:
CLASS A CLASS B CLASS M
------- ------- -------
Money Market Fund N/A
$1,207,547 $3,588
Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund $0 N/A N/A
MONEY MARKET FUND
CLASS A SALES CHARGES AND CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGES
Class A shares of the Money Market Fund are
distributed directly through Putnam Mutual Funds, which
acts as principal underwriter . Putnam Mutual Funds does
not receive any fee for its services.
Putnam Mutual Funds received contingent deferred
sales charges with respect to class A shares of the Money
Market Fund that were purchased by exchange of class A shares
of<PAGE>
another Putnam fund purchased without an initial sales charge as
part of a purchase of $1 million or more in the following amounts
during the periods indicated:
CONTINGENT
DEFERRED
SALES
CHARGES
- -------
Fiscal year
- -----------
1995 $103,197
1994 $107,387
1993 $ 83,377
CLASS B CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGES
Putnam Mutual Funds received contingent deferred sales
charges upon redemptions of class B shares of the Money
Market Fund in the following amounts during the periods
indicated:
CONTINGENT DEFERRED
SALES CHARGES
- ------------------
Fiscal year
- -----------
1995 $2,224,454
1994 $ 977,137
1993 $ 86,763
CLASS M SALES CHARGES
Putnam Mutual Funds received no sales charges with respect to
class M shares of the Money Market Fund during its
1995 fiscal year.
TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
SALES CHARGES
Shares of the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund are
distributed directly through Putnam Mutual Funds, which
acts as principal underwriter. Putnam Mutual Funds does not
receive any fee for its services.
INVESTOR SERVICING AND CUSTODY FEES AND EXPENSES
During the 1995 fiscal year, each fund incurred the following
fees and out-of-pocket expenses for investor servicing and
custody services provided by Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company:
Money Market Fund $3,001,694
Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund $ 188,999
AMORTIZED COST VALUATION AND DAILY DIVIDENDS
The valuation of each fund's portfolio instruments at
amortized cost is permitted in accordance with Securities and
Exchange Commission Rule 2a-7 and certain procedures adopted by
the Trustees. The amortized cost of an instrument is determined
by valuing it at cost originally and thereafter amortizing any
discount or premium from its face value at a constant rate until
maturity, regardless of the effect of fluctuating interest rates
on the market value of the instrument. Although the amortized
cost method provides certainty in valuation, it may result at
times in determinations of value that are higher or lower than
the price a fund would receive if the instruments were
sold. Consequently, in the absence of circumstances described
below, changes in the market value of portfolio instruments
during periods of rising or falling interest rates will not
normally be reflected either in the computation of net asset
value of a fund's portfolio or in the daily computation of
net income . Under the procedures adopted by the Trustees,
the funds must maintain a dollar-weighted average
portfolio maturity of 90 days or less, purchase only instruments
having remaining maturities of 397 days or less and invest in
securities determined by the Trustees to be of high quality with
minimal credit risks. The Trustees have also established
procedures designed to stabilize, to the extent reasonably
possible, each fund's price per share as computed for the
purpose of distribution, redemption and repurchase at $1.00.
These procedures include review of a fund's portfolio
holdings by the Trustees, at such intervals as they may deem
appropriate, to determine whether the fund's net asset
value calculated by using readily available market quotations
deviates from $1.00 per share, and, if so, whether such deviation
may result in material dilution or is otherwise unfair to
existing shareholders. In the event the Trustees determine that
such a deviation exists, they will take such corrective action as
they regard as necessary and appropriate, including
selling portfolio instruments prior to maturity to realize
capital gains or losses or to shorten the average portfolio
maturity; withholding dividends; redeeming of shares in
kind; or establishing a net asset value per share by using
readily available market quotations.
Since the net income of a fund is declared as a dividend
each time it is determined, the net asset value per share of that
fund remains at $1.00 per share immediately after such
determination and dividend declaration. Any increase in the
value of a shareholder's investment in a fund representing
the reinvestment of dividend income is reflected by an increase
in the number of shares of that fund in the shareholder's
account on the last business day of each month for the Money
Market Fund and on the first day of the next month for the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund. It is expected that a fund's
net income will be positive each time it is determined. However,
if because of realized losses on sales of portfolio investments,
a sudden rise in interest rates, or for any other reason the net
income of a fund determined at any time is a negative
amount, a fund will offset such amount allocable to each
then shareholder's account from dividends accrued during the
month with respect to such account. If at the time of payment of
a dividend , such negative amount exceeds a shareholder's
accrued dividends, the fund will reduce the number of
outstanding shares by treating the shareholder as having
contributed to the capital of the fund that number of full
and fractional shares which represent the amount of the excess.
Each shareholder is deemed to have agreed to such contribution in
these circumstances by his or her investment in the fund .
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE
STANDARD PERFORMANCE MEASURES
(for periods ended September 30, 1995)
Money Market Fund
Class A Class B Class M
Inception date: 10/1/76 4/27/92 12/8/94
YIELD NAV NAV NAV
7 -day
yield 5.21% 4.70% 5.06%
Effective
yield 5.35 4.82 5.19
Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
Inception date:10/26/87
YIELD NAV
7 -day
yield 3.19%
Tax -exempt
effective
yield 3.24
Tax-equivalent
yield* 5.28
* Assumes the maximum 39.6% federal tax rate. Results for
investors subject to lower tax rates would not be as
advantageous.
Data represent past performance and are not indicative of future
results. See "Standard performance measures " in Part
II of this SAI for information on how performance
is calculated. Past performance is no guarantee of future
results.
<PAGE>
<TABLE><CAPTION>
EQUIVALENT YIELDS: TAX-EXEMPT VERSUS TAXABLE SECURITIES
The table below shows the effect of the tax status of tax-exempt securities on the effective yield received by
their individual holders under the federal income tax laws for 1995. It gives the approximate yield a taxable
security must earn at various income levels to produce after-tax yields equivalent to those of tax-exempt securities
yielding from 2.0% to 10.0% .
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------
MARGINAL
TAXABLE INCOME* FEDERAL TAX-EXEMPT YIELD
------------------------ INCOME ------------------------------------ -----------------------
TAX
SINGLE JOINT RATE** 2.0%3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% 10.0%
- ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EQUIVALENT TAXABLE YIELD
<C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$0- 23,350 $0-39,000 15.00% 2.35% 3.53% 4.71% 5.88% 7.06% 8.24% 9.41% 10.59% 11.76%
23,351-56,550 39,001-94,250 28.00 2.78 4.17 5.56 6.94 8.33 9.72 11.1112.5013.89
56,551-117,950 ***94,251-143,600 *** 31.00 2.90 4.35 5.80 7.25 8.70 10.1411.5913.0414.49
117,951-256,500 ***143,601-256,500 *** 36.00 3.13 4.69 6.25 7.81 9.38 10.9412.5014.0615.63
over 256,500 *** over 256,500 *** 39.60 3.31 4.97 6.62 8.28 9.93 11.59 13.25 14.90 16.56
- ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* This amount represents taxable income as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code").
** These rates are the marginal federal income tax rates on taxable income currently in effect for 1995
under the Code.
*** The amount of taxable income in this bracket may be affected by the phase-out of personal exemptions and the
limitation on itemized deductions under the Code.
Of course, there is no assurance that the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund will achieve any specific tax-exempt
yield. While it is expected that the fund will invest principally in obligations which pay interest exempt from
federal income tax, other income received by the fund may be taxable. The table does not take into account any
state or local taxes payable on fund distributions.</TABLE>
ADDITIONAL OFFICERS
In addition to the persons listed as officers of each fund
in Part II of this SAI, each of the following persons
is also a Vice President of each fund and Vice President of
certain of the Putnam funds . Officers of Putnam Management
hold the same offices in Putnam Management's parent company,
Putnam Investments, Inc.
GARY N. COBURN, Senior Managing Director of Putnam
Management. Director, Putnam Investments, Inc.
LINDSEY C. STRONG, Vice President of Putnam Management.
WILLIAM F. MCGUE, Managing Director of Putnam Management.
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
Price Waterhouse LLP, 160 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110, are
the Money Market Fund's independent accountants, providing audit
services, tax return review and other tax consulting services and
assistance and consultation in connection with the review of
various Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The Report
of Independent Accountants , financial highlights and
financial statements included in the Money Market Fund's Annual
Report for the fiscal year ended September 30,
1995 , filed electronically on November 28, 1995 (File
No. 811-2608), are incorporated by reference into this
SAI . The financial highlights included in the
prospectus and incorporated by reference into this SAI and
the financial statements incorporated by reference into the
prospectus and this SAI have been so included and
incorporated in reliance upon the report of the independent
accountants, given on their authority as experts in auditing and
accounting.
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P., One Post Office Square, Boston, MA
02109 , are the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's independent
accountants, providing audit services, tax return review
and other tax consulting services and assistance and consultation
in connection with the review of various Securities and Exchange
Commission filings. The Report of Independent Accountants ,
financial highlights and financial statements included in the
Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's Annual Report for the fiscal year
ended September 30, 1995 , filed electronically on November
29, 1995 (File No. 811-5215), are incorporated by
reference into this SAI . The financial highlights
included in the prospectus and incorporated by
reference into this SAI and the financial statements
incorporated by reference into the prospectus and this SAI
have been so included and incorporated in reliance upon the
report of the independent accountants, given on their
authority as experts in auditing and accounting.
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENT PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1
TAXES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-25
MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-30
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-40
HOW TO BUY SHARES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-41
DISTRIBUTION PLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-54
INVESTOR SERVICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-56
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-61
SUSPENSION OF REDEMPTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-62
SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-62
STANDARD PERFORMANCE MEASURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-62
COMPARISON OF PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-64
DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-68
<PAGE>
THE PUTNAM FUNDS
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ("SAI")
PART II
The following information applies generally to your fund and to
the other Putnam funds. In certain cases the discussion applies
to some but not all of the funds or their shareholders, and you
should refer to your prospectus to determine whether the matter
is applicable to you or your fund. You will also be referred to
Part I for certain information applicable to your particular
fund. Shareholders who purchase shares at net asset value
through employer-sponsored defined contribution plans should also
consult their employer for information about the extent to which
the matters described below apply to them.
MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENT PRACTICES
Your fund's prospectus states which of the following investment
practices are available to your fund. The fact that your fund is
authorized to engage in a particular practice does not
necessarily mean that it will actually do so. You should
disregard any practice described below which is not mentioned in
the prospectus.
Short-term Trading
In seeking the fund's objectives(s), Putnam Management will buy
or sell portfolio securities whenever Putnam Management believes
it appropriate to do so. In deciding whether to sell a portfolio
security, Putnam Management does not consider how long the fund
has owned the security. From time to time the fund will buy
securities intending to seek short-term trading profits. A
change in the securities held by the fund is known as "portfolio
turnover" and generally involves some expense to the fund. This
expense may include brokerage commissions or dealer markups and
other transaction costs on both the sale of securities and the
reinvestment of the proceeds in other securities. If sales of
portfolio securities cause the fund to realize net short-term
capital gains, such gains will be taxable as ordinary income. As
a result of the fund's investment policies, under certain market
conditions the fund's portfolio turnover rate may be higher than
that of other mutual funds. Portfolio turnover rate for a fiscal
year is the ratio of the lesser of purchases or sales of
portfolio securities to the monthly average of the value of
portfolio securities -- excluding securities whose maturities at
acquisition were one year or less. The fund's portfolio turnover
rate is not a limiting factor when Putnam Management considers a
change in the fund's portfolio.
<PAGE>
Lower-rated Securities
The fund may invest in lower-rated fixed-income securities
(commonly known as "junk bonds"), to the extent described in the
prospectus. The lower ratings of certain securities held by the
fund reflect a greater possibility that adverse changes in the
financial condition of the issuer or in general economic
conditions, or both, or an unanticipated rise in interest rates,
may impair the ability of the issuer to make payments of interest
and principal. The inability (or perceived inability) of issuers
to make timely payment of interest and principal would likely
make the values of securities held by the fund more volatile and
could limit the fund's ability to sell its securities at prices
approximating the values the fund had placed on such securities.
In the absence of a liquid trading market for securities held by
it, the fund at times may be unable to establish the fair value
of such securities.
Securities ratings are based largely on the issuer's historical
financial condition and the rating agencies' analysis at the time
of rating. Consequently, the rating assigned to any particular
security is not necessarily a reflection of the issuer's current
financial condition, which may be better or worse than the rating
would indicate. In addition, the rating assigned to a security
by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor's (or by
any other nationally recognized securities rating organization)
does not reflect an assessment of the volatility of the
security's market value or the liquidity of an investment in the
security. See the prospectus or Part I of this SAI for a
description of security ratings.
Like those of other fixed-income securities, the values of
lower-rated securities fluctuate in response to changes in
interest rates. A decrease in interest rates will generally
result in an increase in the value of the fund's assets.
Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of
the fund's assets will generally decline. The values of lower-
rated securities may often be affected to a greater extent by
changes in general economic conditions and business conditions
affecting the issuers of such securities and their industries.
Negative publicity or investor perceptions may also adversely
affect the values of lower-rated securities. Changes by
recognized rating services in their ratings of any fixed-income
security and changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments
of interest and principal may also affect the value of these
investments. Changes in the value of portfolio securities
generally will not affect income derived from these securities,
but will affect the fund's net asset value. The fund will not
necessarily dispose of a security when its rating is reduced
below its rating at the time of purchase. However, Putnam
Management will monitor the investment to determine whether its
retention will assist in meeting the fund's investment
objective(s).
Issuers of lower-rated securities are often highly leveraged, so
that their ability to service their debt obligations during an
economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest
rates may be impaired. Such issuers may not have more
traditional methods of financing available to them and may be
unable to repay outstanding obligations at maturity by
refinancing. The risk of loss due to default in payment of
interest or repayment of principal by such issuers is
significantly greater because such securities frequently are
unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior
indebtedness.
At times, a substantial portion of the fund's assets may be
invested in securities as to which the fund, by itself or
together with other funds and accounts managed by Putnam
Management and its affiliates, holds all or a major portion.
Although Putnam Management generally considers such securities to
be liquid because of the availability of an institutional market
for such securities, it is possible that, under adverse market or
economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the
financial condition of the issuer, the fund could find it more
difficult to sell these securities when Putnam Management
believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell the
securities only at prices lower than if they were more widely
held. Under these circumstances, it may also be more difficult
to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of
computing the fund's net asset value. In order to enforce its
rights in the event of a default under such securities, the fund
may be required to participate in various legal proceedings or
take possession of and manage assets securing the issuer's
obligations on such securities. This could increase the fund's
operating expenses and adversely affect the fund's net asset
value. In the case of tax-exempt funds, any income derived from
the fund's ownership or operation of such assets would not be
tax-exempt. The ability of a holder of a tax-exempt security to
enforce the terms of that security in a bankruptcy proceeding may
be more limited than would be the case with respect to privately-
issued securities. In addition, the fund's intention to qualify
as a "regulated investment company" under the Internal Revenue
Code may limit the extent to which the fund may exercise its
rights by taking possession of such assets.
Certain securities held by the fund may permit the issuer at its
option to "call," or redeem, its securities. If an issuer were
to redeem securities held by the fund during a time of declining
interest rates, the fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds
in securities providing the same investment return as the
securities redeemed.
If the fund's prospectus describes so-called "zero-coupon" bonds
and "payment-in-kind" bonds as possible investments, the fund may
invest without limit in such bonds unless otherwise specified in
the prospectus. Zero-coupon bonds are issued at a significant
discount from their principal amount in lieu of paying interest
periodically. Payment-in-kind bonds allow the issuer, at its
option, to make current interest payments on the bonds either in
cash or in additional bonds. Because zero-coupon and payment-in-
kind bonds do not pay current interest in cash, their value is
subject to greater fluctuation in response to changes in market
interest rates than bonds that pay interest currently. Both
zero-coupon and payment-in-kind bonds allow an issuer to avoid
the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments.
Accordingly, such bonds may involve greater credit risks than
bonds paying interest currently in cash. The fund is required to
accrue interest income on such investments and to distribute such
amounts at least annually to shareholders even though such bonds
do not pay current interest in cash. Thus, the fund could be
required at times to liquidate investments in order to satisfy
its dividend requirements.
To the extent the fund invests in securities in the lower rating
categories, the achievement of the fund's goals is more dependent
on Putnam Management's investment analysis than would be the case
if the fund were investing in securities in the higher rating
categories. This may be particularly true with respect to tax-
exempt securities, as the amount of information about the
financial condition of an issuer of tax-exempt securities may not
be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations
whose securities are publicly traded.
Investments in Miscellaneous Fixed Income Securities
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus or elsewhere in this
SAI, if the fund may invest in inverse floating obligations,
premium securities, or interest-only or principal-only classes of
mortgage-backed securities, it may do so without limit. The
fund, however, currently does not intend to invest more than 15%
of its assets in inverse floating obligations under normal market
conditions.
Private Placements
The fund may invest in securities that are purchased in private
placements and, accordingly, are subject to restrictions on
resale as a matter of contract or under federal securities laws.
Because there may be relatively few potential purchasers for such
investments, especially under adverse market or economic
conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial
condition of the issuer, the fund could find it more difficult to
sell such securities when Putnam Management believes it advisable
to do so or may be able to sell such securities only at prices
lower than if such securities were more widely held. At times,
it may also be more difficult to determine the fair value of such
securities for purposes of computing the fund's net assets value.
Mortgage Related Securities
The fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities, including
collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") and certain stripped
mortgage-backed securities. CMOs and other mortgage-backed
securities represent a participation in, or are secured by,
mortgage loans.
Mortgage-backed securities have yield and maturity
characteristics corresponding to the underlying assets. Unlike
traditional debt securities, which may pay a fixed rate of
interest until maturity, when the entire principal amount comes
due, payments on certain mortgage-backed securities include both
interest and a partial repayment of principal. Besides the
scheduled repayment of principal, repayments of principal may
result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing, or foreclosure
of the underlying mortgage loans. If property owners make
unscheduled prepayments of their mortgage loans, these
prepayments will result in early payment of the applicable
mortgage-related securities. In that event the fund may be
unable to invest the proceeds from the early payment of the
mortgage-related securities in an investment that provides as
high a yield as the mortgage-related securities. Consequently,
early payment associated with mortgage-related securities may
cause these securities to experience significantly greater price
and yield volatility than that experienced by traditional fixed-
income securities. The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is
affected by factors including the level of interest rates,
general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgage
and other social and demographic conditions. During periods of
falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments tends to
increase, thereby tending to decrease the life of mortgage-
related securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the
rate of mortgage prepayments usually decreases, thereby tending
to increase the life of mortgage-related securities. If the life
of a mortgage-related security is inaccurately predicted, the
fund may not be able to realize the rate of return it expected.
Mortgage-backed securities are less effective than other types of
securities as a means of "locking in" attractive long-term
interest rates. One reason is the need to reinvest prepayments
of principal; another is the possibility of significant
unscheduled prepayments resulting from declines in interest
rates. These prepayments would have to be reinvested at lower
rates. As a result, these securities may have less potential for
capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates
than other securities of comparable maturities, although they may
have a similar risk of decline in market value during periods of
rising interest rates.
Prepayments may cause losses in securities purchased at a
premium. At times, some of the mortgage-backed securities in
which the fund may invest will have higher than market interest
rates and therefore will be purchased at a premium above their
par value. Unscheduled prepayments, which are made at par, will
cause the fund to experience a loss equal to any unamortized
premium.
CMOs may be issued by a U.S. government agency or instrumentality
or by a private issuer. Although payment of the principal of,
and interest on, the underlying collateral securing privately
issued CMOs may be guaranteed by the U.S. government or its
agencies or instrumentalities, these CMOs represent obligations
solely of the private issuer and are not insured or guaranteed by
the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities or any
other person or entity.
Prepayments could cause early retirement of CMOs. CMOs are
designed to reduce the risk of prepayment for investors by
issuing multiple classes of securities, each having different
maturities, interest rates and payment schedules, and with the
principal and interest on the underlying mortgages allocated
among the several classes in various ways. Payment of interest
or principal on some classes or series of CMOs may be subject to
contingencies or some classes or series may bear some or all of
the risk of default on the underlying mortgages. CMOS of
different classes or series are generally retired in sequence as
the underlying mortgage loans in the mortgage pool are repaid.
If enough mortgages are repaid ahead of schedule, the classes or
series of a CMO with the earliest maturities generally will be
retired prior to their maturities. Thus, the early retirement of
particular classes or series of a CMO held by the fund would have
the same effect as the prepayment of mortgages underlying other
mortgage-backed securities.
Prepayments could result in losses on stripped mortgage-backed
securities. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are usually
structured with two classes that receive different portions of
the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage
loans. The fund may invest in both the interest-only or "IO"
class and the principal-only or "PO" class. The yield to
maturity on an IO class of stripped mortgage-backed securities is
extremely sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest
rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including
prepayments) on the underlying assets. A rapid rate of principal
prepayments may have a measurable adverse effect on the fund's
yield to maturity to the extent it invests in IOs. If the assets
underlying the IO experience greater than anticipated prepayments
of principal, the fund may fail to recoup fully its initial
investment in these securities. Conversely, POs tend to increase
in value if prepayments are greater than anticipated and decline
if prepayments are slower than anticipated.
The secondary market for stripped mortgage-backed securities may
be more volatile and less liquid than that for other mortgage-
backed securities, potentially limiting the fund's ability to buy
or sell those securities at any particular time.
Securities Loans
The fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities, on
either a short-term or long-term basis, amounting to not more
than 25% of its total assets, thereby realizing additional
income. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other
extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of
the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral
should the borrower fail financially. As a matter of policy,
securities loans are made to broker-dealers pursuant to
agreements requiring that the loans be continuously secured by
collateral consisting of cash or short-term debt obligations at
least equal at all times to the value of the securities on loan,
"marked-to-market" daily. The borrower pays to the fund an
amount equal to any dividends or interest received on securities
lent. The fund retains all or a portion of the interest received
on investment of the cash collateral or receives a fee from the
borrower. Although voting rights, or rights to consent, with
respect to the loaned securities may pass to the borrower, the
fund retains the right to call the loans at any time on
reasonable notice, and it will do so to enable the fund to
exercise voting rights on any matters materially affecting the
investment. The fund may also call such loans in order to sell
the securities.
Forward Commitments
The fund may enter into contracts to purchase securities for a
fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time
("forward commitments") if the fund holds, and maintains until
the settlement date in a segregated account, cash or high-grade
debt obligations in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase
price, or if the fund enters into offsetting contracts for the
forward sale of other securities it owns. In the case of to-be-
announced ("TBA") purchase commitments, the unit price and the
estimated principal amount are established when the fund enters
into a contract, with the actual principal amount being within a
specified range of the estimate. Forward commitments may be
considered securities in themselves, and involve a risk of loss
if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to
the settlement date, which risk is in addition to the risk of
decline in the value of the fund's other assets. Where such
purchases are made through dealers, the fund relies on the dealer
to consummate the sale. The dealer's failure to do so may result
in the loss to the fund of an advantageous yield or price.
Although the fund will generally enter into forward commitments
with the intention of acquiring securities for its portfolio or
for delivery pursuant to options contracts it has entered into,
the fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if
Putnam Management deems it appropriate to do so. The fund may
realize short-term profits or losses upon the sale of forward
commitments.
The fund may enter into TBA sale commitments to hedge its
portfolio positions or to sell securities it owns under delayed
delivery arrangements. Proceeds of TBA sale commitments are not
received until the contractual settlement date. During the time
a TBA sale commitment is outstanding, equivalent deliverable
securities, or an offsetting TBA purchase commitment deliverable
on or before the sale commitment date, are held as "cover" for
the transaction. Unsettled TBA sale commitments are valued at
current market value of the underlying securities. If the TBA
sale commitment is closed through the acquisition of an
offsetting purchase commitment, the fund realizes a gain or loss
on the commitment without regard to any unrealized gain or loss
on the underlying security. If the fund delivers securities
under the commitment, the fund realizes a gain or loss from the
sale of the securities based upon the unit price established at
the date the commitment was entered into.
Repurchase Agreements
The fund may enter into repurchase agreements up to the limit
specified in the prospectus. A repurchase agreement is a
contract under which the fund acquires a security for a
relatively short period (usually not more than one week) subject
to the obligation of the seller to repurchase and the fund to
resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing the
fund's cost plus interest). It is the fund's present intention
to enter into repurchase agreements only with commercial banks
and registered broker-dealers and only with respect to
obligations of the U.S. government or its agencies or
instrumentalities. Repurchase agreements may also be viewed as
loans made by the fund which are collateralized by the securities
subject to repurchase. Putnam Management will monitor such
transactions to ensure that the value of the underlying
securities will be at least equal at all times to the total
amount of the repurchase obligation, including the interest
factor. If the seller defaults, the fund could realize a loss on
the sale of the underlying security to the extent that the
proceeds of sale including accrued interest are less than the
resale price provided in the agreement including interest. In
addition, if the seller should be involved in bankruptcy or
insolvency proceedings, the fund may incur delay and costs in
selling the underlying security or may suffer a loss of principal
and interest if the fund is treated as an unsecured creditor and
required to return the underlying collateral to the seller's
estate.
Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the Securities and
Exchange Commission, the fund may transfer uninvested cash
balances into a joint account, along with cash of other Putnam
funds and certain other accounts. These balances may be invested
in one or more repurchase agreements and/or short-term money
market instruments.
Options on Securities
Writing covered options. The fund may write covered call options
and covered put options on optionable securities held in its
portfolio, when in the opinion of Putnam Management such
transactions are consistent with the fund's investment
objective(s) and policies. Call options written by the fund give
the purchaser the right to buy the underlying securities from the
fund at a stated exercise price; put options give the purchaser
the right to sell the underlying securities to the fund at a
stated price.
The fund may write only covered options, which means that, so
long as the fund is obligated as the writer of a call option, it
will own the underlying securities subject to the option (or
comparable securities satisfying the cover requirements of
securities exchanges). In the case of put options, the fund will
hold cash and/or high-grade short-term debt obligations equal to
the price to be paid if the option is exercised. In addition,
the fund will be considered to have covered a put or call option
if and to the extent that it holds an option that offsets some or
all of the risk of the option it has written. The fund may write
combinations of covered puts and calls on the same underlying
security.
The fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call
option, which increases the fund's return on the underlying
security in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed
out at a profit. The amount of the premium reflects, among other
things, the relationship between the exercise price and the
current market value of the underlying security, the volatility
of the underlying security, the amount of time remaining until
expiration, current interest rates, and the effect of supply and
demand in the options market and in the market for the underlying
security. By writing a call option, the fund limits its
opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of
the underlying security above the exercise price of the option
but continues to bear the risk of a decline in the value of the
underlying security. By writing a put option, the fund assumes
the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying
security for an exercise price higher than its then-current
market value, resulting in a potential capital loss unless the
security subsequently appreciates in value.
The fund may terminate an option that it has written prior to its
expiration by entering into a closing purchase transaction, in
which it purchases an offsetting option. The fund realizes a
profit or loss from a closing transaction if the cost of the
transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is less or
more than the premium received from writing the option. If the
fund writes a call option but does not own the underlying
security, and when it writes a put option, the fund may be
required to deposit cash or securities with its broker as
"margin," or collateral, for its obligation to buy or sell the
underlying security. As the value of the underlying security
varies, the fund may have to deposit additional margin with the
broker. Margin requirements are complex and are fixed by
individual brokers, subject to minimum requirements currently
imposed by the Federal Reserve Board and by stock exchanges and
other self-regulatory organizations.
Purchasing put options. The fund may purchase put options to
protect its portfolio holdings in an underlying security against
a decline in market value. Such protection is provided during
the life of the put option since the fund, as holder of the
option, is able to sell the underlying security at the put
exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying
security's market price. In order for a put option to be
profitable, the market price of the underlying security must
decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the
premium and transaction costs. By using put options in this
manner, the fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have
realized from appreciation of the underlying security by the
premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs.
Purchasing call options. The fund may purchase call options to
hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the
fund wants ultimately to buy. Such hedge protection is provided
during the life of the call option since the fund, as holder of
the call option, is able to buy the underlying security at the
exercise price regardless of any increase in the underlying
security's market price. In order for a call option to be
profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise
sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium and
transaction costs.
Risk Factors in Options Transactions
The successful use of the fund's options strategies depends on
the ability of Putnam Management to forecast correctly interest
rate and market movements. For example, if the fund were to
write a call option based on Putnam Management's expectation that
the price of the underlying security would fall, but the price
were to rise instead, the fund could be required to sell the
security upon exercise at a price below the current market price.
Similarly, if the fund were to write a put option based on Putnam
Management's expectation that the price of the underlying
security would rise, but the price were to fall instead, the fund
could be required to purchase the security upon exercise at a
price higher than the current market price.
When the fund purchases an option, it runs the risk that it will
lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short
period of time, unless the fund exercises the option or enters
into a closing sale transaction before the option's expiration.
If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the
case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent
sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, the
fund will lose part or all of its investment in the option. This
contrasts with an investment by the fund in the underlying
security, since the fund will not realize a loss if the
security's price does not change.
The effective use of options also depends on the fund's ability
to terminate option positions at times when Putnam Management
deems it desirable to do so. There is no assurance that the fund
will be able to effect closing transactions at any particular
time or at an acceptable price.
If a secondary market in options were to become unavailable, the
fund could no longer engage in closing transactions. Lack of
investor interest might adversely affect the liquidity of the
market for particular options or series of options. A market may
discontinue trading of a particular option or options generally.
In addition, a market could become temporarily unavailable if
unusual events -- such as volume in excess of trading or clearing
capability -- were to interrupt its normal operations.
A market may at times find it necessary to impose restrictions on
particular types of options transactions, such as opening
transactions. For example, if an underlying security ceases to
meet qualifications imposed by the market or the Options Clearing
Corporation, new series of options on that security will no
longer be opened to replace expiring series, and opening
transactions in existing series may be prohibited. If an options
market were to become unavailable, the fund as a holder of an
option would be able to realize profits or limit losses only by
exercising the option, and the fund, as option writer, would
remain obligated under the option until expiration or exercise.
Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying options
purchased or sold by the fund could result in losses on the
options. If trading is interrupted in an underlying security,
the trading of options on that security is normally halted as
well. As a result, the fund as purchaser or writer of an option
will be unable to close out its positions until options trading
resumes, and it may be faced with considerable losses if trading
in the security reopens at a substantially different price. In
addition, the Options Clearing Corporation or other options
markets may impose exercise restrictions. If a prohibition on
exercise is imposed at the time when trading in the option has
also been halted, the fund as purchaser or writer of an option
will be locked into its position until one of the two
restrictions has been lifted. If the Options Clearing
Corporation were to determine that the available supply of an
underlying security appears insufficient to permit delivery by
the writers of all outstanding calls in the event of exercise, it
may prohibit indefinitely the exercise of put options. The fund,
as holder of such a put option, could lose its entire investment
if the prohibition remained in effect until the put option's
expiration.
Foreign-traded options are subject to many of the same risks
presented by internationally-traded securities. In addition,
because of time differences between the United States and various
foreign countries, and because different holidays are observed in
different countries, foreign options markets may be open for
trading during hours or on days when U.S. markets are closed. As
a result, option premiums may not reflect the current prices of
the underlying interest in the United States.
Over-the-counter ("OTC") options purchased by the fund and assets
held to cover OTC options written by the fund may, under certain
circumstances, be considered illiquid securities for purposes of
any limitation on the fund's ability to invest in illiquid
securities.
Futures Contracts and Related Options
Subject to applicable law, and unless otherwise specified in the
prospectus, the fund may invest without limit in the types of
futures contracts and related options identified in the
prospectus for hedging and non-hedging purposes. The use of
futures and options transactions for purposes other than hedging
entails greater risks. A financial futures contract sale creates
an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of financial
instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery
month for a stated price. A financial futures contract purchase
creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the
type of financial instrument called for in the contract in a
specified delivery month at a stated price. The specific
instruments delivered or taken, respectively, at settlement date
are not determined until on or near that date. The determination
is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the
futures contract sale or purchase was made. Futures contracts
are traded in the United States only on commodity exchanges or
boards of trade -- known as "contract markets" -- approved for
such trading by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the
"CFTC"), and must be executed through a futures commission
merchant or brokerage firm which is a member of the relevant
contract market.
Although futures contracts (other than index futures) by their
terms call for actual delivery or acceptance of commodities or
securities, in most cases the contracts are closed out before the
settlement date without the making or taking of delivery.
Closing out a futures contract sale is effected by purchasing a
futures contract for the same aggregate amount of the specific
type of financial instrument or commodity with the same delivery
date. If the price of the initial sale of the futures contract
exceeds the price of the offsetting purchase, the seller is paid
the difference and realizes a gain. Conversely, if the price of
the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of the initial sale,
the seller realizes a loss. If the fund is unable to enter into
a closing transaction, the amount of the fund's potential loss is
unlimited. The closing out of a futures contract purchase is
effected by the purchaser's entering into a futures contract
sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase price,
the purchaser realizes a gain, and if the purchase price exceeds
the offsetting sale price, he realizes a loss. In general 40% of
the gain or loss arising from the closing out of a futures
contract traded on an exchange approved by the CFTC is treated as
short-term gain or loss, and 60% is treated as long-term gain or
loss.
Unlike when the fund purchases or sells a security, no price is
paid or received by the fund upon the purchase or sale of a
futures contract. Upon entering into a contract, the fund is
required to deposit with its custodian in a segregated account in
the name of the futures broker an amount of cash and/or U.S.
government securities. This amount is known as "initial margin."
The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different
from that of margin in security transactions in that futures
contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds to
finance the transactions. Rather, initial margin is similar to a
performance bond or good faith deposit which is returned to the
fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all
contractual obligations have been satisfied. Futures contracts
also involve brokerage costs.
Subsequent payments, called "variation margin" or "maintenance
margin," to and from the broker (or the custodian) are made on a
daily basis as the price of the underlying security or commodity
fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures
contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking to
the market." For example, when the fund has purchased a futures
contract on a security and the price of the underlying security
has risen, that position will have increased in value and the
fund will receive from the broker a variation margin payment
based on that increase in value. Conversely, when the fund has
purchased a security futures contract and the price of the
underlying security has declined, the position would be less
valuable and the fund would be required to make a variation
margin payment to the broker.
The fund may elect to close some or all of its futures positions
at any time prior to their expiration in order to reduce or
eliminate a hedge position then currently held by the fund. The
fund may close its positions by taking opposite positions which
will operate to terminate the fund's position in the futures
contracts. Final determinations of variation margin are then
made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to
the fund, and the fund realizes a loss or a gain. Such closing
transactions involve additional commission costs.
Options on futures contracts. The fund may purchase and write
call and put options on futures contracts it may buy or sell and
enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to
terminate existing positions. Options on future contracts give
the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume
a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise
price at any time during the period of the option. The fund may
use options on futures contracts in lieu of writing or buying
options directly on the underlying securities or purchasing and
selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to hedge
against a possible decrease in the value of its portfolio
securities, the fund may purchase put options or write call
options on futures contracts rather than selling futures
contracts. Similarly, the fund may purchase call options or
write put options on futures contracts as a substitute for the
purchase of futures contracts to hedge against a possible
increase in the price of securities which the fund expects to
purchase. Such options generally operate in the same manner as
options purchased or written directly on the underlying
investments.
As with options on securities, the holder or writer of an option
may terminate his position by selling or purchasing an offsetting
option. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can
be effected.
The fund will be required to deposit initial margin and
maintenance margin with respect to put and call options on
futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers' requirements
similar to those described above in connection with the
discussion of futures contracts.
Risks of transactions in futures contracts and related options.
Successful use of futures contracts by the fund is subject to
Putnam Management's ability to predict movements in various
factors affecting securities markets, including interest rates.
Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, the
purchase of call or put options on futures contracts involves
less potential risk to the fund because the maximum amount at
risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction
costs). However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of
a call or put option on a futures contract would result in a loss
to the fund when the purchase or sale of a futures contract would
not, such as when there is no movement in the prices of the
hedged investments. The writing of an option on a futures
contract involves risks similar to those risks relating to the
sale of futures contracts.
There is no assurance that higher than anticipated trading
activity or other unforeseen events might not, at times, render
certain market clearing facilities inadequate, and thereby result
in the institution by exchanges of special procedures which may
interfere with the timely execution of customer orders.
To reduce or eliminate a position held by the fund, the fund may
seek to close out such position. The ability to establish and
close out positions will be subject to the development and
maintenance of a liquid secondary market. It is not certain that
this market will develop or continue to exist for a particular
futures contract or option. Reasons for the absence of a liquid
secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there
may be insufficient trading interest in certain contracts or
options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on
opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (iii)
trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed
with respect to particular classes or series of contracts or
options, or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen
circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v)
the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not
at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or
(vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons,
decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the
trading of contracts or options (or a particular class or series
of contracts or options), in which event the secondary market on
that exchange for such contracts or options (or in the class or
series of contracts or options) would cease to exist, although
outstanding contracts or options on the exchange that had been
issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that
exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with
their terms.
U.S. Treasury security futures contracts and options. U.S.
Treasury security futures contracts require the seller to
deliver, or the purchaser to take delivery of, the type of U.S.
Treasury security called for in the contract at a specified date
and price. Options on U.S. Treasury security futures contracts
give the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to
assume a position in a U.S. Treasury security futures contract at
the specified option exercise price at any time during the period
of the option.
Successful use of U.S. Treasury security futures contracts by the
fund is subject to Putnam Management's ability to predict
movements in the direction of interest rates and other factors
affecting markets for debt securities. For example, if the fund
has sold U.S. Treasury security futures contracts in order to
hedge against the possibility of an increase in interest rates
which would adversely affect securities held in its portfolio,
and the prices of the fund's securities increase instead as a
result of a decline in interest rates, the fund will lose part or
all of the benefit of the increased value of its securities which
it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its
futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the fund
has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet
daily maintenance margin requirements at a time when it may be
disadvantageous to do so.
There is also a risk that price movements in U.S. Treasury
security futures contracts and related options will not correlate
closely with price movements in markets for particular
securities. For example, if the fund has hedged against a
decline in the values of tax-exempt securities held by it by
selling Treasury security futures and the values of Treasury
securities subsequently increase while the values of its
tax-exempt securities decrease, the fund would incur losses on
both the Treasury security futures contracts written by it and
the tax-exempt securities held in its portfolio.
Index futures contracts. An index futures contract is a contract
to buy or sell units of an index at a specified future date at a
price agreed upon when the contract is made. Entering into a
contract to buy units of an index is commonly referred to as
buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in
the index. Entering into a contract to sell units of an index is
commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short
position. A unit is the current value of the index. The fund
may enter into stock index futures contracts, debt index futures
contracts, or other index futures contracts appropriate to its
objective(s). The fund may also purchase and sell options on
index futures contracts.
For example, the Standard & Poor's Composite 500 Stock Price
Index ("S&P 500") is composed of 500 selected common stocks, most
of which are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The S&P 500
assigns relative weightings to the common stocks included in the
Index, and the value fluctuates with changes in the market values
of those common stocks. In the case of the S&P 500, contracts
are to buy or sell 500 units. Thus, if the value of the S&P 500
were $150, one contract would be worth $75,000 (500 units x
$150). The stock index futures contract specifies that no
delivery of the actual stocks making up the index will take
place. Instead, settlement in cash must occur upon the
termination of the contract, with the settlement being the
difference between the contract price and the actual level of the
stock index at the expiration of the contract. For example, if
the fund enters into a futures contract to buy 500 units of the
S&P 500 at a specified future date at a contract price of $150
and the S&P 500 is at $154 on that future date, the fund will
gain $2,000 (500 units x gain of $4). If the fund enters into a
futures contract to sell 500 units of the stock index at a
specified future date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500
is at $152 on that future date, the fund will lose $1,000 (500
units x loss of $2).
There are several risks in connection with the use by the fund of
index futures. One risk arises because of the imperfect
correlation between movements in the prices of the index futures
and movements in the prices of securities which are the subject
of the hedge. Putnam Management will, however, attempt to reduce
this risk by buying or selling, to the extent possible, futures
on indices the movements of which will, in its judgment, have a
significant correlation with movements in the prices of the
securities sought to be hedged.
Successful use of index futures by the fund is also subject to
Putnam Management's ability to predict movements in the direction
of the market. For example, it is possible that, where the fund
has sold futures to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the
market, the index on which the futures are written may advance
and the value of securities held in the fund's portfolio may
decline. If this occurred, the fund would lose money on the
futures and also experience a decline in value in its portfolio
securities. It is also possible that, if the fund has hedged
against the possibility of a decline in the market adversely
affecting securities held in its portfolio and securities prices
increase instead, the fund will lose part or all of the benefit
of the increased value of those securities it has hedged because
it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In
addition, in such situations, if the fund has insufficient cash,
it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin
requirements at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so.
In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect
correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the
index futures and the portion of the portfolio being hedged, the
prices of index futures may not correlate perfectly with
movements in the underlying index due to certain market
distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are
subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather
than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors
may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions which
could distort the normal relationship between the index and
futures markets. Second, margin requirements in the futures
market are less onerous than margin requirements in the
securities market, and as a result the futures market may attract
more speculators than the securities market does. Increased
participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause
temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price
distortions in the futures market and also because of the
imperfect correlation between movements in the index and
movements in the prices of index futures, even a correct forecast
of general market trends by Putnam Management may still not
result in a profitable position over a short time period.
Options on stock index futures. Options on index futures are
similar to options on securities except that options on index
futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium
paid, to assume a position in an index futures contract (a long
position if the option is a call and a short position if the
option is a put) at a specified exercise price at any time during
the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the
delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to
the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the
accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account which
represents the amount by which the market price of the index
futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or
is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the
option on the index future. If an option is exercised on the
last trading day prior to its expiration date, the settlement
will be made entirely in cash equal to the difference between the
exercise price of the option and the closing level of the index
on which the future is based on the expiration date. Purchasers
of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the
exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
Options on Indices
As an alternative to purchasing call and put options on index
futures, the fund may purchase and sell call and put options on
the underlying indices themselves. Such options would be used in
a manner identical to the use of options on index futures.
Index Warrants
The fund may purchase put warrants and call warrants whose values
vary depending on the change in the value of one or more
specified securities indices ("index warrants"). Index warrants
are generally issued by banks or other financial institutions and
give the holder the right, at any time during the term of the
warrant, to receive upon exercise of the warrant a cash payment
from the issuer based on the value of the underlying index at the
time of exercise. In general, if the value of the underlying
index rises above the exercise price of the index warrant, the
holder of a call warrant will be entitled to receive a cash
payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference
between the value of the index and the exercise price of the
warrant; if the value of the underlying index falls, the holder
of a put warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from
the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the
exercise price of the warrant and the value of the index. The
holder of a warrant would not be entitled to any payments from
the issuer at any time when, in the case of a call warrant, the
exercise price is greater than the value of the underlying index,
or, in the case of a put warrant, the exercise price is less than
the value of the underlying index. If the fund were not to
exercise an index warrant prior to its expiration, then the fund
would lose the amount of the purchase price paid by it for the
warrant.
The fund will normally use index warrants in a manner similar to
its use of options on securities indices. The risks of the
fund's use of index warrants are generally similar to those
relating to its use of index options. Unlike most index options,
however, index warrants are issued in limited amounts and are not
obligations of a regulated clearing agency, but are backed only
by the credit of the bank or other institution which issues the
warrant. Also, index warrants generally have longer terms than
index options. Although the fund will normally invest only in
exchange-listed warrants, index warrants are not likely to be as
liquid as certain index options backed by a recognized clearing
agency. In addition, the terms of index warrants may limit the
fund's ability to exercise the warrants at such time, or in such
quantities, as the fund would otherwise wish to do.
Foreign Securities
Under its current policy, which may be changed without
shareholder approval, the fund may invest up to the limit of its
total assets specified in its prospectus in securities
principally traded in markets outside the United States.
Eurodollar certificates of deposit are excluded for purposes of
this limitation. Since foreign securities are normally
denominated and traded in foreign currencies, the value of the
fund's assets may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes
in currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations and
restrictions or prohibitions on the repatriation of foreign
currencies. There may be less information publicly available
about a foreign company than about a U.S. company, and foreign
companies are not generally subject to accounting, auditing and
financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those
in the United States. The securities of some foreign companies
are less liquid and at times more volatile than securities of
comparable U.S. companies. Foreign brokerage commissions and
other fees are also generally higher than in the United States.
Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations may involve
certain risks (such as delay in payment or delivery of securities
or in the recovery of the fund's assets held abroad) and expenses
not present in the settlement of domestic investments.
In addition, there may be a possibility of nationalization or
expropriation of assets, imposition of currency exchange
controls, confiscatory taxation, political or financial
instability and diplomatic developments which could affect the
value of the fund's investments in certain foreign countries.
Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign
countries may be more limited than those available with respect
to investments in the United States or in other foreign
countries. The laws of some foreign countries may limit the
fund's ability to invest in securities of certain issuers located
in those foreign countries. Special tax considerations apply to
foreign securities.
The risks described above, including the risks of nationalization
or expropriation of assets, are typically increased to the extent
that the fund invests in issuers located in less developed and
developing nations, whose securities markets are sometimes
referred to as "emerging securities markets." Investments in
securities located in such countries are speculative and subject
to certain special risks. Political and economic structures in
many of these countries may be in their infancy and developing
rapidly, and such countries may lack the social, political and
economic stability characteristic of more developed countries.
Certain of these countries have in the past failed to recognize
private property rights and have at times nationalized and
expropriated the assets of private companies.
In addition, unanticipated political or social developments may
affect the values of the fund's investments in these countries
and the availability to the fund of additional investments in
these countries. The small size, limited trading volume and
relative inexperience of the securities markets in these
countries may make the fund's investments in such countries
illiquid and more volatile than investments in more developed
countries, and the fund may be required to establish special
custodial or other arrangements before making investments in
these countries. There may be little financial or accounting
information available with respect to issuers located in these
countries, and it may be difficult as a result to assess the
value or prospects of an investment in such issuers.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus or Part I of this
SAI, the fund may engage without limit in currency exchange
transactions, including purchasing and selling foreign currency,
foreign currency options, foreign currency forward contracts and
foreign currency futures contracts and related options, to
protect against uncertainty in the level of future currency
exchange rates. In addition, the fund may write covered call and
put options on foreign currencies for the purpose of increasing
its current return.
Generally, the fund may engage in both "transaction hedging" and
"position hedging." When it engages in transaction hedging, the
fund enters into foreign currency transactions with respect to
specific receivables or payables, generally arising in connection
with the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. The fund will
engage in transaction hedging when it desires to "lock in" the
U.S. dollar price of a security it has agreed to purchase or
sell, or the U.S. dollar equivalent of a dividend or interest
payment in a foreign currency. By transaction hedging the fund
will attempt to protect itself against a possible loss resulting
from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S.
dollar and the applicable foreign currency during the period
between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or
on which the dividend or interest payment is earned, and the date
on which such payments are made or received.
The fund may purchase or sell a foreign currency on a spot (or
cash) basis at the prevailing spot rate in connection with the
settlement of transactions in portfolio securities denominated in
that foreign currency. The fund may also enter into contracts to
purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date ("forward
contracts") and purchase and sell foreign currency futures
contracts.
For transaction hedging purposes the fund may also purchase
exchange-listed and over-the-counter call and put options on
foreign currency futures contracts and on foreign currencies. A
put option on a futures contract gives the fund the right to
assume a short position in the futures contract until the
expiration of the option. A put option on a currency gives the
fund the right to sell the currency at an exercise price until
the expiration of the option. A call option on a futures
contract gives the fund the right to assume a long position in
the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A call
option on a currency gives the fund the right to purchase the
currency at the exercise price until the expiration of the
option.
When it engages in position hedging, the fund enters into foreign
currency exchange transactions to protect against a decline in
the values of the foreign currencies in which its portfolio
securities are denominated (or an increase in the value of
currency for securities which the fund expects to purchase). In
connection with position hedging, the fund may purchase put or
call options on foreign currency and on foreign currency futures
contracts and buy or sell forward contracts and foreign currency
futures contracts. The fund may also purchase or sell foreign
currency on a spot basis.
It is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of
portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward
or futures contract. Accordingly, it may be necessary for the
fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market
(and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of
the security or securities being hedged is less than the amount
of foreign currency the fund is obligated to deliver and a
decision is made to sell the security or securities and make
delivery of the foreign currency. Conversely, it may be
necessary to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency
received upon the sale of the portfolio security or securities if
the market value of such security or securities exceeds the
amount of foreign currency the fund is obligated to deliver.
Transaction and position hedging do not eliminate fluctuations in
the underlying prices of the securities which the fund owns or
intends to purchase or sell. They simply establish a rate of
exchange which one can achieve at some future point in time.
Additionally, although these techniques tend to minimize the risk
of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency,
they tend to limit any potential gain which might result from the
increase in value of such currency. See "Risk factors in options
transactions" above.
The fund may seek to increase its current return or to offset
some of the costs of hedging against fluctuations in current
exchange rates by writing covered call options and covered put
options on foreign currencies. The fund receives a premium from
writing a call or put option, which increases the fund's current
return if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a
net profit. The fund may terminate an option that it has written
prior to its expiration by entering into a closing purchase
transaction in which it purchases an option having the same terms
as the option written.
The fund's currency hedging transactions may call for the
delivery of one foreign currency in exchange for another foreign
currency and may at times not involve currencies in which its
portfolio securities are then denominated. Putnam Management
will engage in such "cross hedging" activities when it believes
that such transactions provide significant hedging opportunities
for the fund. Cross hedging transactions by the fund involve the
risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of
the currencies to which such transactions relate and changes in
the value of the currency or other asset or liability which is
the subject of the hedge.
The value of any currency, including U.S. dollars and foreign
currencies, may be affected by complex political and economic
factors applicable to the issuing country. In addition, the
exchange rates of foreign currencies (and therefore the values of
foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures
contracts) may be affected significantly, fixed, or supported
directly or indirectly by U.S. and foreign government actions.
Government intervention may increase risks involved in purchasing
or selling foreign currency options, forward contracts and
futures contracts, since exchange rates may not be free to
fluctuate in response to other market forces.
The value of a foreign currency option, forward contract or
futures contract reflects the value of an exchange rate, which in
turn reflects relative values of two currencies, the U.S. dollar
and the foreign currency in question. Because foreign currency
transactions occurring in the interbank market involve
substantially larger amounts than those that may be involved in
the exercise of foreign currency options, forward contracts and
futures contracts, investors may be disadvantaged by having to
deal in an odd-lot market for the underlying foreign currencies
in connection with options at prices that are less favorable than
for round lots. Foreign governmental restrictions or taxes could
result in adverse changes in the cost of acquiring or disposing
of foreign currencies.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for
foreign currencies and there is no regulatory requirement that
quotations available through dealers or other market sources be
firm or revised on a timely basis. Available quotation
information is generally representative of very large round-lot
transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect
exchange rates for smaller odd-lot transactions (less than $1
million) where rates may be less favorable. The interbank market
in foreign currencies is a global, around-the-clock market. To
the extent that options markets are closed while the markets for
the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate
movements may take place in the underlying markets that cannot be
reflected in the options markets.
Currency forward and futures contracts. A forward foreign
currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a
specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number
of days from the date of the contract as agreed by the parties,
at a price set at the time of the contract. In the case of a
cancelable forward contract, the holder has the unilateral right
to cancel the contract at maturity by paying a specified fee.
The contracts are traded in the interbank market conducted
directly between currency traders (usually large commercial
banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has no
deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage
for trades. A foreign currency futures contract is a
standardized contract for the future delivery of a specified
amount of a foreign currency at a price set at the time of the
contract. Foreign currency futures contracts traded in the
United States are designed by and traded on exchanges regulated
by the CFTC, such as the New York Mercantile Exchange.
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts differ from foreign
currency futures contracts in certain respects. For example, the
maturity date of a forward contract may be any fixed number of
days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties,
rather than a predetermined date in a given month. Forward
contracts may be in any amounts agreed upon by the parties rather
than predetermined amounts. Also, forward foreign exchange
contracts are traded directly between currency traders so that no
intermediary is required. A forward contract generally requires
no margin or other deposit.
At the maturity of a forward or futures contract, the fund either
may accept or make delivery of the currency specified in the
contract, or at or prior to maturity enter into a closing
transaction involving the purchase or sale of an offsetting
contract. Closing transactions with respect to forward contracts
are usually effected with the currency trader who is a party to
the original forward contract. Closing transactions with respect
to futures contracts are effected on a commodities exchange; a
clearing corporation associated with the exchange assumes
responsibility for closing out such contracts.
Positions in the foreign currency futures contracts may be closed
out only on an exchange or board of trade which provides a
secondary market in such contracts. Although the fund intends to
purchase or sell foreign currency futures contracts only on
exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active
secondary market, there is no assurance that a secondary market
on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any particular
contract or at any particular time. In such event, it may not be
possible to close a futures position and, in the event of adverse
price movements, the fund would continue to be required to make
daily cash payments of variation margin.
Foreign currency options. In general, options on foreign
currencies operate similarly to options on securities and are
subject to many of the risks described above. Foreign currency
options are traded primarily in the over-the-counter market,
although options on foreign currencies are also listed on several
exchanges. Options are traded not only on the currencies of
individual nations, but also on the European Currency Unit
("ECU"). The ECU is composed of amounts of a number of
currencies, and is the official medium of exchange of the
European Community's European Monetary System.
The fund will only purchase or write foreign currency options
when Putnam Management believes that a liquid secondary market
exists for such options. There can be no assurance that a liquid
secondary market will exist for a particular option at any
specific time. Options on foreign currencies are affected by all
of those factors which influence foreign exchange rates and
investments generally.
Settlement procedures. Settlement procedures relating to the
fund's investments in foreign securities and to the fund's
foreign currency exchange transactions may be more complex than
settlements with respect to investments in debt or equity
securities of U.S. issuers, and may involve certain risks not
present in the fund's domestic investments. For example,
settlement of transactions involving foreign securities or
foreign currencies may occur within a foreign country, and the
fund may be required to accept or make delivery of the underlying
securities or currency in conformity with any applicable U.S. or
foreign restrictions or regulations, and may be required to pay
any fees, taxes or charges associated with such delivery. Such
investments may also involve the risk that an entity involved in
the settlement may not meet its obligations.
Foreign currency conversion. Although foreign exchange dealers
do not charge a fee for currency conversion, they do realize a
profit based on the difference (the "spread") between prices at
which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a
dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to the fund at one
rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the fund
desire to resell that currency to the dealer.
Restricted Securities
The SEC Staff currently takes the view that any delegation by the
Trustees of the authority to determine that a restricted security
is readily marketable (as described in the investment
restrictions of the funds) must be pursuant to written procedures
established by the Trustees. It is the present intention of the
funds' Trustees that, if the Trustees decide to delegate such
determinations to Putnam Management or another person, they would
do so pursuant to written procedures, consistent with the Staff's
position. Should the Staff modify its position in the future,
the Trustees would consider what action would be appropriate in
light of the Staff's position at that time.
TAXES
Taxation of the fund. The fund intends to qualify each year as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). In order so to
qualify and to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded
regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the fund
must, among other things:
(a) Derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends,
interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and
gains from the sale of stock, securities and foreign currencies,
or other income (including but not limited to gains from options,
futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its
business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies;
(b) derive less than 30% of its gross income from the sale or
other disposition of certain assets (including stock or
securities and certain options, futures contracts, forward
contracts and foreign currencies) held for less than three
months;
(c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of
the sum of its taxable net investment income, its net tax-exempt
income, and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains
over net long-term capital losses for such year; and
(d) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal
quarter, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the fund's
assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government
securities, securities of other regulated investment companies,
and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a
value not greater than 5% of the value of the fund's total assets
and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of
such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its
assets is invested in the securities (other than those of the
U.S. Government or other regulated investment companies) of any
one issuer or of two or more issuers which the fund controls and
which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or
businesses.
If the fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is
accorded special tax treatment, the fund will not be subject to
federal income tax on income paid to its shareholders in the form
of dividends (including capital gain dividends).
If the fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company
accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, the fund
would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates,
and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any
distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital
gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In
addition, the fund could be required to recognize unrealized
gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial
distributions before requalifying as a regulated investment
company that is accorded special tax treatment.
If the fund fails to distribute in a calendar year substantially
all of its ordinary income for such year and substantially all of
its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending
October 31 (or later if the fund is permitted so to elect and so
elects), plus any retained amount from the prior year, the fund
will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts.
A dividend paid to shareholders by the fund in January of a year
generally is deemed to have been paid by the fund on December 31
of the preceding year, if the dividend was declared and payable
to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or
December of that preceding year. The fund intends generally to
make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4%
excise tax.
Exempt-interest dividends. The fund will be qualified to pay
exempt-interest dividends to its shareholders only if, at the
close of each quarter of the fund's taxable year, at least 50% of
the total value of the fund's assets consists of obligations the
interest on which is exempt from federal income tax.
Distributions that the fund properly designates as exempt-
interest dividends are treated as interest excludable from
shareholders' gross income for federal income tax purposes but
may be taxable for federal alternative minimum tax purposes and
for state and local purposes. If the fund intends to be
qualified to pay exempt-interest dividends, the fund may be
limited in its ability to enter into taxable transactions
involving forward commitments, repurchase agreements, financial
futures and options contracts on financial futures, tax-exempt
bond indices and other assets.
Part or all of the interest on indebtedness, if any, incurred or
continued by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of a fund
paying exempt-interest dividends is not deductible. The portion
of interest that is not deductible is equal to the total interest
paid or accrued on the indebtedness, multiplied by the percentage
of the fund's total distributions (not including distributions
from net long-term capital gains) paid to the shareholder that
are exempt-interest dividends. Under rules used by the Internal
Revenue Service for determining when borrowed funds are
considered used for the purpose of purchasing or carrying
particular assets, the purchase of shares may be considered to
have been made with borrowed funds even though such funds are not
directly traceable to the purchase of shares.
In general, exempt-interest dividends, if any, attributable to
interest received on certain private activity obligations and
certain industrial development bonds will not be tax-exempt to
any shareholders who are "substantial users" of the facilities
financed by such obligations or bonds or who are "related
persons" of such substantial users.
A fund which is qualified to pay exempt-interest dividends will
inform investors within 60 days of the fund's fiscal year-end of
the percentage of its income distributions designated as
tax-exempt. The percentage is applied uniformly to all
distributions made during the year. The percentage of income
designated as tax-exempt for any particular distribution may be
substantially different from the percentage of the fund's income
that was tax-exempt during the period covered by the
distribution.
Hedging transactions. If the fund engages in hedging
transactions, including hedging transactions in options, futures
contracts, and straddles, or other similar transactions, it will
be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market,
straddle, wash sale, and short sale rules), the effect of which
may be to accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the
fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund's
securities, or convert short-term capital losses into long-term
capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount,
timing and character of distributions to shareholders. The fund
will endeavor to make any available elections pertaining to such
transactions in a manner believed to be in the best interests of
the fund.
Under the 30% of gross income test described above (see "Taxation
of the fund"), the fund will be restricted in selling assets held
or considered under Code rules to have been held for less than
three months, and in engaging in certain hedging transactions
(including hedging transactions in options and futures) that in
some circumstances could cause certain fund assets to be treated
as held for less than three months.
Certain of the fund's hedging activities (including its
transactions, if any, in foreign currencies or foreign
currency-denominated instruments) are likely to produce a
difference between its book income and its taxable income. If
the fund's book income exceeds its taxable income, the
distribution (if any) of such excess will be treated as (i) a
dividend to the extent of the fund's remaining earnings and
profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt
income), (ii) thereafter as a return of capital to the extent of
the recipient's basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter as gain
from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If the fund's book
income is less than its taxable income, the fund could be
required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify
as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax
treatment.
Return of capital distributions. If the fund makes a
distribution to you in excess of its current and accumulated
"earnings and profits" in any taxable year, the excess
distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent
of your tax basis in your shares, and thereafter as capital gain.
A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces your tax basis
in your shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on
a subsequent taxable disposition by you of your shares.
Securities issued or purchased at a discount. The fund's
investment in securities issued at a discount and certain other
obligations will (and investments in securities purchased at a
discount may) require the fund to accrue and distribute income
not yet received. In order to generate sufficient cash to make
the requisite distributions, the fund may be required to sell
securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have
continued to hold.
Capital loss carryover. Distributions from capital gains are
made after applying any available capital loss carryovers. The
amounts and expiration dates of any capital loss carryovers
available to the fund are shown in Note 1 (Federal income taxes)
to the financial statements included in Part I of this SAI or
incorporated by reference into this SAI.
Foreign currency-denominated securities and related hedging
transactions. The fund's transactions in foreign currencies,
foreign currency-denominated debt securities and certain foreign
currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and
similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to
the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the
value of the foreign currency concerned.
If more than 50% of the fund's assets at year end consists of the
debt and equity securities of foreign corporations, the fund may
elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or deduction on
their income tax returns for their pro rata portion of qualified
taxes paid by the fund to foreign countries. In such a case,
shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources
their pro rata shares of such taxes. A shareholder's ability to
claim a foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign
taxes paid by the fund may be subject to certain limitations
imposed by the Code, as a result of which a shareholder may not
get a full credit or deduction for the amount of such taxes.
Shareholders who do not itemize on their federal income tax
returns may claim a credit (but no deduction) for such foreign
taxes.
Investment by the fund in "passive foreign investment companies"
could subject the fund to a U.S. federal income tax or other
charge on the proceeds from the sale of its investment in such a
company; however, this tax can be avoided by making an election
to mark such investments to market annually or to treat the
passive foreign investment company as a "qualified electing
fund."
A "passive foreign investment company" is any foreign
corporation: (i) 75 percent of more of the income of which for
the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average
percentage of the assets of which (generally by value, but by
adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce or are held for
the production of passive income is at least 50 percent.
Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends,
interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties,
rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from certain
property transactions and commodities transactions, and foreign
currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include
rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from
active business and certain income received from related persons.
Sale or redemption of shares. The sale, exchange or redemption
of fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any
gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will
be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have
been held for more than 12 months, and otherwise as short-term
capital gain or loss. However, if a shareholder sells shares at
a loss within six months of purchase, any loss will be disallowed
for Federal income tax purposes to the extent of any exempt-
interest dividends received on such shares. In addition, any
loss (not already disallowed as provided in the preceding
sentence) realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for
six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than
short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain
distributions received by the shareholder with respect to the
shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable
disposition of fund shares will be disallowed if other shares of
the same fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the
disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased
shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Shares purchased through tax-qualified plans. Special tax rules
apply to investments though defined contribution plans and other
tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax
adviser to determine the suitability of shares of a fund as an
investment through such plans and the precise effect of an
investment on their particular tax situation.
Backup withholding. The fund generally is required to withhold
and remit to the U.S. Treasury 31% of the taxable dividends and
other distributions paid to any individual shareholder who fails
to furnish the fund with a correct taxpayer identification number
(TIN), who has under-reported dividends or interest income, or
who fails to certify to the fund that he or she is not subject to
such withholding. Shareholders who fail to furnish their correct
TIN are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless
the failure is due to reasonable cause and not wilful neglect.
An individual's taxpayer identification number is his or her
social security number.
MANAGEMENT
Trustees Name (Age)
*+George Putnam (69), Chairman and President. Chairman and
Director of Putnam Management and Putnam Mutual Funds. Director,
The Boston Company, Inc., Boston Safe Deposit and Trust Company,
Freeport-McMoRan, Inc., General Mills, Inc., Houghton Mifflin
Company, Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. and Rockefeller Group,
Inc.
+William F. Pounds (67), Vice Chairman. Professor of Management,
Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. Director of EG&G, Inc., Fisher Price, Inc., IDEXX,
M/A-COM, Inc., and Sun Company, Inc.
Jameson A. Baxter (52), Trustee. President, Baxter Associates,
Inc. (consultants to management). Director of Avondale Federal
Savings Bank, ASHTA Chemicals, Inc. and Banta Corporation.
Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Trustees, Mount Holyoke
College.
+Hans H. Estin (67), Trustee. Vice Chairman, North American
Management Corp. (a registered investment adviser). Director of
The Boston Company, Inc. and Boston Safe Deposit and Trust
Company.
Elizabeth T. Kennan (57), Trustee. President Emeritus and
Professor, Mount Holyoke College. Director, the Kentucky Home
Life Insurance Companies, NYNEX Corporation, Northeast Utilities
and Talbots. Trustee of the University of Notre Dame.
*Lawrence J. Lasser (52), Trustee and Vice President. President,
Chief Executive Officer and Director of Putnam Investments, Inc.
and Putnam Investment Management, Inc. Director of Marsh &
McLennan Companies, Inc.
John A. Hill (53), Trustee. Chairman and Managing Director,
First Reserve Corporation (a registered investment adviser).
Director, Lantana Corporation, Maverick Tube Corporation, Snyder
Oil Corporation and various First Reserve Funds.
+Robert E. Patterson (50), Trustee. Executive Vice President,
Cabot Partners Limited Partnership (a registered investment
adviser).
*Donald S. Perkins (68), Trustee. Director of various
corporations, including American Telephone & Telegraph Company,
AON Corp., Cummins Engine Company, Inc., Illinois Power Company,
Inland Steel Industries, Inc., Kmart Corporation, LaSalle Street
Fund, Inc., Springs Industries, Inc., TBG, Inc. and Time Warner
Inc.
*#George Putnam III (44), Trustee. President, New Generation
Research, Inc. (publisher of bankruptcy information). Director,
World Environment Center.
Eli Shapiro (79), Trustee. Alfred P. Sloan Professor of
Management, Emeritus, Alfred P. Sloan School of Management,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Director of Nomura
Dividend Fund, Inc. (a privately held registered investment
company managed by Putnam Management) and former Trustee of the
Putnam funds (1984-1990).
*A.J.C. Smith (61), Trustee. Chairman, Chief Executive Officer
and Director, Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc.
W. Nicholas Thorndike (62), Trustee. Director of various
corporations and charitable organizations, including Courier
Corporation and Providence Journal Co. Also, Trustee and
President of Massachusetts General Hospital and Trustee of
Bradley Real Estate Trust and Eastern Utilities Associates.
Officers Name (Age)
Charles E. Porter (57), Executive Vice President. Managing
Director of Putnam Investments, Inc. and Putnam Management.
Patricia C. Flaherty (48), Senior Vice President. Senior Vice
President of Putnam Investments, Inc. and Putnam Management.
William N. Shiebler (53), Vice President. Director and Senior
Managing Director of Putnam Investments, Inc. President and
Director of Putnam Mutual Funds.
Gordon H. Silver (48), Vice President. Director and Senior
Managing Director of Putnam Investments, Inc. and Putnam
Management.
John R. Verani (56), Vice President. Senior Vice President of
Putnam Investments, Inc. and Putnam Management.
Paul M. O'Neil (42), Vice President. Vice President of Putnam
Investments, Inc. and Putnam Management.
John D. Hughes (60), Vice President and Treasurer.
Beverly Marcus (51), Clerk and Assistant Treasurer.
*Trustees who are or may be deemed to be "interested persons" (as
defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940) of the fund,
Putnam Management or Putnam Mutual Funds.
+Members of the Executive Committee of the Trustees. The
Executive Committee meets between regular meetings of the
Trustees as may be required to review investment matters and
other affairs of the fund and may exercise all of the powers of
the Trustees.
#George Putnam, III is the son of George Putnam.
-----------------
Certain other officers of Putnam Management are officers of the
fund. See "Additional officers" in Part I of this SAI. The
mailing address of each of the officers and Trustees is One Post
Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.
Except as stated below, the principal occupations of the officers
and Trustees for the last five years have been with the employers
as shown above, although in some cases they have held different
positions with such employers. Prior to January, 1992, Ms.
Baxter was Vice President and Principal, Regency Group, Inc. and
Consultant, The First Boston Corporation. Prior to May, 1991,
Dr. Pounds was Senior Advisor to the Rockefeller Family and
Associates, Chairman of Rockefeller Trust Company and Director of
Rockefeller Group, Inc. During the past five years Dr. Shapiro
has provided economic and financial consulting services to
various clients. Prior to November, 1990, Mr. Shiebler was
President and Chief Operating Officer of the Intercapital
Division of Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc., Vice President of the
Dean Witter funds and Director of Dean Witter Trust Company.
Each Trustee of the fund receives an annual fee and an additional
fee for each Trustees' meeting attended. Trustees who are not
interested persons of Putnam Management and who serve on
committees of the Trustees receive additional fees for attendance
at certain committee meetings and for special services rendered
in that connection. All of the Trustees are Trustees of all the
Putnam funds and each receives fees for his or her services. For
details of Trustees' fees paid by the fund and information
concerning retirement guidelines for the Trustees, see "Charges
and expenses" in Part I of this SAI.
The Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the fund provides that
the fund will indemnify its Trustees and officers against
liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with litigation
in which they may be involved because of their offices with the
fund, except if it is determined in the manner specified in the
Agreement and Declaration of Trust that they have not acted in
good faith in the reasonable belief that their actions were in
the best interests of the fund or that such indemnification would
relieve any officer or Trustee of any liability to the fund or
its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith,
gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties. The
fund, at its expense, provides liability insurance for the
benefit of its Trustees and officers.
Putnam Management and its affiliates
Putnam Management is one of America's oldest and largest money
management firms. Putnam Management's staff of experienced
portfolio managers and research analysts selects securities and
constantly supervises the fund's portfolio. By pooling an
investor's money with that of other investors, a greater variety
of securities can be purchased than would be the case
individually; the resulting diversification helps reduce
investment risk. Putnam Management has been managing mutual funds
since 1937. Today, the firm serves as the investment manager for
the funds in the Putnam Family, with over $78 billion in assets
in nearly 4.5 million shareholder accounts at June 30, 1995. An
affiliate, The Putnam Advisory Company, Inc., manages domestic
and foreign institutional accounts and mutual funds, including
the accounts of many Fortune 500 companies. Another affiliate,
Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company, provides investment advice to
institutional clients under its banking and fiduciary powers. At
June 30, 1995, Putnam Management and its affiliates managed over
$109 billion in assets, including over $16 billion in tax-exempt
securities and over $47 billion in retirement plan assets.
Putnam Management, Putnam Mutual Funds and Putnam Fiduciary Trust
Company are subsidiaries of Putnam Investments, Inc., a holding
company which is in turn wholly owned by Marsh & McLennan
Companies, Inc., a publicly-owned holding company whose principal
operating subsidiaries are international insurance and
reinsurance brokers, investment managers and management
consultants.
Trustees and officers of the fund who are also officers of Putnam
Management or its affiliates or who are stockholders of Marsh &
McLennan Companies, Inc. will benefit from the advisory fees,
sales commissions, distribution fees, custodian fees and transfer
agency fees paid or allowed by the fund.
The Management Contract
Under a Management Contract between the fund and Putnam
Management, subject to such policies as the Trustees may
determine, Putnam Management, at its expense, furnishes
continuously an investment program for the fund and makes
investment decisions on behalf of the fund. Subject to the
control of the Trustees, Putnam Management also manages,
supervises and conducts the other affairs and business of the
fund, furnishes office space and equipment, provides bookkeeping
and clerical services (including determination of the fund's net
asset value, but excluding shareholder accounting services) and
places all orders for the purchase and sale of the fund's
portfolio securities. Putnam Management may place fund portfolio
transactions with broker-dealers which furnish Putnam Management,
without cost to it, certain research, statistical and quotation
services of value to Putnam Management and its affiliates in
advising the fund and other clients. In so doing, Putnam
Management may cause the fund to pay greater brokerage
commissions than it might otherwise pay.
For details of Putnam Management's compensation under the
Management Contract, see "Charges and expenses" in Part I of this
SAI. Putnam Management's compensation under the Management
Contract may be reduced in any year if the fund's expenses exceed
the limits on investment company expenses imposed by any statute
or regulatory authority of any jurisdiction in which shares of
the fund are qualified for offer or sale. The term "expenses" is
defined in the statutes or regulations of such jurisdictions, and
generally excludes brokerage commissions, taxes, interest,
extraordinary expenses and, if the fund has a distribution plan,
payments made under such plan. The only such limitation as of
the date of this SAI (applicable to any fund registered for sale
in California) was 2.5% of the first $30 million of average net
assets, 2% of the next $70 million and 1.5% of any excess over
$100 million.
Under the Management Contract, Putnam Management may reduce its
compensation to the extent that the fund's expenses exceed such
lower expense limitation as Putnam Management may, by notice to
the fund, declare to be effective. The expenses subject to this
limitation are exclusive of brokerage commissions, interest,
taxes, deferred organizational and extraordinary expenses and,
if the fund has a distribution plan, payments required under such
plan. For the purpose of determining any such limitation on
Putnam Management's compensation, expenses of the fund shall not
reflect the application of commissions or cash management credits
that may reduce designated fund expenses. The terms of any
expense limitation from time to time in effect are described in
either the prospectus or Part I of this SAI.
In addition to the fee paid to Putnam Management, the fund
reimburses Putnam Management for the compensation and related
expenses of certain officers of the fund and their assistants who
provide certain administrative services for the fund and the
other Putnam funds, each of which bears an allocated share of the
foregoing costs. The aggregate amount of all such payments and
reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees. The
amount of this reimbursement for the fund's most recent fiscal
year is included in "Charges and Expenses" in Part I of this SAI.
Putnam Management pays all other salaries of officers of the
fund. The fund pays all expenses not assumed by Putnam
Management including, without limitation, auditing, legal,
custodial, investor servicing and shareholder reporting expenses.
The fund pays the cost of typesetting for its prospectuses and
the cost of printing and mailing any prospectuses sent to its
shareholders. Putnam Mutual Funds pays the cost of printing and
distributing all other prospectuses.
The Management Contract provides that Putnam Management shall not
be subject to any liability to the fund or to any shareholder of
the fund for any act or omission in the course of or connected
with rendering services to the fund in the absence of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of
its duties on the part of Putnam Management.
The Management Contract may be terminated without penalty by vote
of the Trustees or the shareholders of the fund, or by Putnam
Management, on 30 days' written notice. It may be amended only
by a vote of the shareholders of the fund. The Management
Contract also terminates without payment of any penalty in the
event of its assignment. The Management Contract provides that
it will continue in effect only so long as such continuance is
approved at least annually by vote of either the Trustees or the
shareholders, and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees
who are not "interested persons" of Putnam Management or the
fund. In each of the foregoing cases, the vote of the
shareholders is the affirmative vote of a "majority of the
outstanding voting securities" as defined in the Investment
Company Act of 1940.
Personal Investments by Employees of Putnam Management
Employees of Putnam Management are permitted to engage in
personal securities transactions, subject to requirements and
restrictions set forth in Putnam Management's Code of Ethics.
The Code of Ethics contains provisions and requirements designed
to identify and address certain conflicts of interest between
personal investment activities and the interests of investment
advisory clients such as the funds. Among other things, the Code
of Ethics, consistent with standards recommended by the
Investment Company Institute's Advisory Group on Personal
Investing, prohibits certain types of transactions absent prior
approval, imposes time periods during which personal transactions
may not be made in certain securities, and requires the
submission of duplicate broker confirmations and quarterly
reporting of securities transactions. Additional restrictions
apply to portfolio managers, traders, research analysts and
others involved in the investment advisory process. Exceptions
to these and other provisions of the Code of Ethics may be
granted in particular circumstances after review by appropriate
personnel.
Portfolio Transactions
Investment decisions. Investment decisions for the fund and for
the other investment advisory clients of Putnam Management and
its affiliates are made with a view to achieving their respective
investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of
many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular
client involved. Thus, a particular security may be bought or
sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or
sold for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular
security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more
other clients are selling the security. In some instances, one
client may sell a particular security to another client. It also
sometimes happens that two or more clients simultaneously
purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day's
transactions in such security are, insofar as possible, averaged
as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which
in Putnam Management's opinion is equitable to each and in
accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each.
There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio
securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on
other clients.
Brokerage and research services. Transactions on U.S. stock
exchanges, commodities markets and futures markets and other
agency transactions involve the payment by the fund of negotiated
brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different
brokers. A particular broker may charge different commissions
according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the
transaction. Transactions in foreign investments often involve
the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which may be higher
than those in the United States. There is generally no stated
commission in the case of securities traded in the
over-the-counter markets, but the price paid by the fund usually
includes an undisclosed dealer commission or mark-up. In
underwritten offerings, the price paid by the fund includes a
disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the
underwriter or dealer. It is anticipated that most purchases and
sales of securities by funds investing primarily in tax-exempt
securities and certain other fixed-income securities will be with
the issuer or with underwriters of or dealers in those
securities, acting as principal. Accordingly, those funds would
not ordinarily pay significant brokerage commissions with respect
to securities transactions. See "Charges and expenses" in Part I
of this SAI for information concerning commissions paid by the
fund.
It has for many years been a common practice in the investment
advisory business for advisers of investment companies and other
institutional investors to receive brokerage and research
services (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the "1934 Act")) from broker-dealers that execute
portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers and from
third parties with which such broker-dealers have arrangements.
Consistent with this practice, Putnam Management receives
brokerage and research services and other similar services from
many broker-dealers with which Putnam Management places the
fund's portfolio transactions and from third parties with which
these broker-dealers have arrangements. These services include
such matters as general economic and market reviews, industry and
company reviews, evaluations of investments, recommendations as
to the purchase and sale of investments, newspapers, magazines,
pricing services, quotation services, news services and personal
computers utilized by Putnam Management's managers and analysts.
Where the services referred to above are not used exclusively by
Putnam Management for research purposes, Putnam Management, based
upon its own allocations of expected use, bears that portion of
the cost of these services which directly relates to their
non-research use. Some of these services are of value to Putnam
Management and its affiliates in advising various of their
clients (including the fund), although not all of these services
are necessarily useful and of value in managing the fund. The
management fee paid by the fund is not reduced because Putnam
Management and its affiliates receive these services even though
Putnam Management might otherwise be required to purchase some of
these services for cash.
Putnam Management places all orders for the purchase and sale of
portfolio investments for the fund and buys and sells investments
for the fund through a substantial number of brokers and dealers.
In so doing, Putnam Management uses its best efforts to obtain
for the fund the most favorable price and execution available,
except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage
commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable
price and execution, Putnam Management, having in mind the fund's
best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant,
including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the
transaction, the nature of the market for the security or other
investment, the amount of the commission, the timing of the
transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the
reputation, experience and financial stability of the
broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the
broker-dealer in other transactions.
As permitted by Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, and by the
Management Contract, Putnam Management may cause the fund to pay
a broker-dealer which provides "brokerage and research services"
(as defined in the 1934 Act) to Putnam Management an amount of
disclosed commission for effecting securities transactions on
stock exchanges and other transactions for the fund on an agency
basis in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer
would have charged for effecting that transaction. Putnam
Management's authority to cause the fund to pay any such greater
commissions is also subject to such policies as the Trustees may
adopt from time to time. Putnam Management does not currently
intend to cause the fund to make such payments. It is the
position of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission
that Section 28(e) does not apply to the payment of such greater
commissions in "principal" transactions. Accordingly Putnam
Management will use its best effort to obtain the most favorable
price and execution available with respect to such transactions,
as described above.
The Management Contract provides that commissions, fees,
brokerage or similar payments received by Putnam Management or an
affiliate in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio
investments of the fund, less any direct expenses approved by the
Trustees, shall be recaptured by the fund through a reduction of
the fee payable by the fund under the Management Contract.
Putnam Management seeks to recapture for the fund soliciting
dealer fees on the tender of the fund's portfolio securities in
tender or exchange offers. Any such fees which may be recaptured
are likely to be minor in amount.
Consistent with the Rules of Fair Practice of the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. and subject to seeking
the most favorable price and execution available and such other
policies as the Trustees may determine, Putnam Management may
consider sales of shares of the fund (and, if permitted by law,
of the other Putnam funds) as a factor in the selection of
broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions for the fund.
Principal Underwriter
Putnam Mutual Funds is the principal underwriter of shares of the
fund and the other continuously offered Putnam funds. Putnam
Mutual Funds is not obligated to sell any specific amount of
shares of the fund and will purchase shares for resale only
against orders for shares. See "Charges and expenses" in Part I
of this SAI for information on sales charges and other payments
received by Putnam Mutual Funds.
Investor Servicing Agent and Custodian
Putnam Investor Services, a division of Putnam Fiduciary Trust
Company ("PFTC"), is the fund's investor servicing agent
(transfer, plan and dividend disbursing agent), for which it
receives fees which are paid monthly by the fund as an expense of
all its shareholders. The fee paid to Putnam Investor Services
is determined on the basis of the number of shareholder accounts,
the number of transactions and the assets of the fund. Putnam
Investor Services has won the DALBAR Quality Tested Service Seal
every year since the award's 1990 inception. Over 10,000 tests
of 38 separate shareholder service components demonstrated that
Putnam Investor Services tied for highest scores, with two other
mutual fund companies, in all categories.
PFTC is the custodian of the fund's assets. In carrying out its
duties under its custodian contract, PFTC may employ one or more
subcustodians whose responsibilities include safeguarding and
controlling the fund's cash and securities, handling the receipt
and delivery of securities and collecting interest and dividends
on the fund's investments. PFTC and any subcustodians employed
by it have a lien on the securities of the fund (to the extent
permitted by the fund's investment restrictions) to secure
charges and any advances made by such subcustodians at the end of
any day for the purpose of paying for securities purchased by the
fund. The fund expects that such advances will exist only in
unusual circumstances. Neither PFTC nor any subcustodian
determines the investment policies of the fund or decides which
securities the fund will buy or sell. PFTC pays the fees and
other charges of any subcustodians employed by it. The fund may
from time to time pay custodial expenses in full or in part
through the placement by Putnam Management of the fund's
portfolio transactions with the subcustodians or with a third-
party broker having an agreement with the subcustodians. The
fund pays PFTC an annual fee based on the fund's assets,
securities transactions and securities holdings and reimburses
PFTC for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it or any
subcustodian employed by it in performing custodial services.
See "Charges and expenses" in Part I of this SAI for information
on fees and reimbursements for investor servicing and custody
received by PFTC. The fees may be reduced by credits allowed by
PFTC.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The fund determines the net asset value per share of each class
of shares once each day the New York Stock Exchange (the
"Exchange") is open. Currently, the Exchange is closed
Saturdays, Sundays and the following holidays: New Year's Day,
Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July,
Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. The fund determines net
asset value as of the close of regular trading on the Exchange,
currently 4:00 p.m. However, equity options held by the fund are
priced as of the close of trading at 4:10 p.m., and futures
contracts on U.S. government and other fixed-income securities
and index options held by the fund are priced as of their close
of trading at 4:15 p.m.
Securities for which market quotations are readily available are
valued at prices which, in the opinion of Putnam Management, most
nearly represent the market values of such securities.
Currently, such prices are determined using the last reported
sale price or, if no sales are reported (as in the case of some
securities traded over-the-counter), the last reported bid price,
except that certain securities are valued at the mean between the
last reported bid and asked prices. Short-term investments
having remaining maturities of 60 days or less are valued at
amortized cost, which approximates market value. All other
securities and assets are valued at their fair value following
procedures approved by the Trustees. Liabilities are deducted
from the total, and the resulting amount is divided by the number
of shares of the class outstanding.
Reliable market quotations are not considered to be readily
available for long-term corporate bonds and notes, certain
preferred stocks, tax-exempt securities, and certain foreign
securities. These investments are valued at fair value on the
basis of valuations furnished by pricing services, which
determine valuations for normal, institutional-size trading units
of such securities using methods based on market transactions for
comparable securities and various relationships between
securities which are generally recognized by institutional
traders.
If any securities held by the fund are restricted as to resale,
Putnam Management determines their fair value following
procedures approved by the Trustees. The fair value of such
securities is generally determined as the amount which the fund
could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of
such securities over a reasonable period of time. The valuation
procedures applied in any specific instance are likely to vary
from case to case. However, consideration is generally given to
the financial position of the issuer and other fundamental
analytical data relating to the investment and to the nature of
the restrictions on disposition of the securities (including any
registration expenses that might be borne by the fund in
connection with such disposition). In addition, specific factors
are also generally considered, such as the cost of the
investment, the market value of any unrestricted securities of
the same class, the size of the holding, the prices of any recent
transactions or offers with respect to such securities and any
available analysts' reports regarding the issuer.
Generally, trading in certain securities (such as foreign
securities) is substantially completed each day at various times
prior to the close of the Exchange. The values of these
securities used in determining the net asset value of the fund's
shares are computed as of such times. Also, because of the
amount of time required to collect and process trading
information as to large numbers of securities issues, the values
of certain securities (such as convertible bonds, U.S. government
securities, and tax-exempt securities) are determined based on
market quotations collected earlier in the day at the latest
practicable time prior to the close of the Exchange.
Occasionally, events affecting the value of such securities may
occur between such times and the close of the Exchange which will
not be reflected in the computation of the fund's net asset
value. If events materially affecting the value of such
securities occur during such period, then these securities will
be valued at their fair value following procedures approved by
the Trustees.
Money market funds generally value their portfolio securities at
amortized cost according to Rule 2a-7 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940.
HOW TO BUY SHARES
General
The prospectus contains a general description of how investors
may buy shares of the fund and states whether the fund offers
more than one class of shares. This SAI contains additional
information which may be of interest to investors.
Class A shares and class M shares are generally sold with a sales
charge payable at the time of purchase (except for class A shares
and class M shares of money market funds). As used in this SAI
and unless the context requires otherwise, the term "class A
shares" includes shares of funds that offer only one class of
shares. The prospectus contains a table of applicable sales
charges. For information about how to purchase class A or class
M shares of a Putnam fund at net asset value through an
employer's defined contribution plan, please consult your
employer. Certain purchases of class A shares and class M shares
may be exempt from a sales charge or, in the case of class A
shares, may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge
("CDSC"). See "General--Sales without sales charges or
contingent deferred sales charges," "Additional Information About
Class A and Class M shares," and "Contingent Deferred Sales
Charges--Class A shares."
Class B shares and class C shares are sold subject to a CDSC
payable upon redemption within a specified period after purchase.
The prospectus contains a table of applicable CDSCs.
Class B shares will automatically convert into class A shares at
the end of the month eight years after the purchase date. Class
B shares acquired by exchanging class B shares of another Putnam
fund will convert into class A shares based on the time of the
initial purchase. Class B shares acquired through reinvestment
of distributions will convert into Class A shares based on the
date of the initial purchase to which such shares relate. For
this purpose, class B shares acquired through reinvestment of
distributions will be attributed to particular purchases of class
B shares in accordance with such procedures as the Trustees may
determine from time to time. The conversion of class B shares to
class A shares is subject to the condition that such conversions
will not constitute taxable events for Federal tax purposes.
Class Y shares, which are not subject to sales charges or a CDSC,
are available only to certain defined contribution plans. See
the prospectus that offers class Y shares for more information.
Certain purchase programs described below are not available to
defined contribution plans. Consult your employer for
information on how to purchase shares through your plan.
The fund is currently making a continuous offering of its shares.
The fund receives the entire net asset value of shares sold. The
fund will accept unconditional orders for shares to be executed
at the public offering price based on the net asset value per
share next determined after the order is placed. In the case of
class A shares and class M shares, the public offering price is
the net asset value plus the applicable sales charge, if any. No
sales charge is included in the public offering price of other
classes of shares. In the case of orders for purchase of shares
placed through dealers, the public offering price will be based
on the net asset value determined on the day the order is placed,
but only if the dealer receives the order before the close of
regular trading on the Exchange. If the dealer receives the
order after the close of the Exchange, the price will be based on
the net asset value next determined. If funds for the purchase
of shares are sent directly to Putnam Investor Services, they
will be invested at the public offering price based on the net
asset value next determined after receipt. Payment for shares of
the fund must be in U.S. dollars; if made by check, the check
must be drawn on a U.S. bank.
Initial and subsequent purchases must satisfy the minimums stated
in the prospectus, except that (i) individual investments under
certain employee benefit plans or Tax Qualified Retirement Plans
may be lower, (ii) persons who are already shareholders may make
additional purchases of $50 or more by sending funds directly to
Putnam Investor Services (see "Your investing account" below),
and (iii) for investors participating in systematic investment
plans and military allotment plans, the initial and subsequent
purchases must be $25 or more. Information about these plans is
available from investment dealers or from Putnam Mutual Funds.
As a convenience to investors, shares may be purchased through a
systematic investment plan. Pre-authorized monthly bank drafts
for a fixed amount (at least $25) are used to purchase fund
shares at the applicable public offering price next determined
after Putnam Mutual Funds receives the proceeds from the draft
(normally the 20th of each month, or the next business day
thereafter). Further information and application forms are
available from investment dealers or from Putnam Mutual Funds.
Except for funds that declare a distribution daily, distributions
to be reinvested are reinvested without a sales charge in shares
of the same class as of the ex-dividend date using the net asset
value determined on that date, and are credited to a
shareholder's account on the payment date. Dividends for Putnam
money market funds are credited to a shareholder's account on the
payment date. Distributions for all other funds that declare a
distribution daily are reinvested without a sales charge as of
the next day following the period for which distributions are
paid using the net asset value determined on that date, and are
credited to a shareholder's account on the payment date.
Payment in securities. In addition to cash, the fund may accept
securities as payment for fund shares at the applicable net asset
value. Generally, the fund will only consider accepting
securities to increase its holdings in a portfolio security, or
if Putnam Management determines that the offered securities are a
suitable investment for the fund and in a sufficient amount for
efficient management.
While no minimum has been established, it is expected that the
fund would not accept securities with a value of less than
$100,000 per issue as payment for shares. The fund may reject in
whole or in part any or all offers to pay for purchases of fund
shares with securities, may require partial payment in cash for
such purchases to provide funds for applicable sales charges, and
may discontinue accepting securities as payment for fund shares
at any time without notice. The fund will value accepted
securities in the manner described in the section "Determination
of Net Asset Value" for valuing shares of the fund. The fund
will only accept securities which are delivered in proper form.
The fund will not accept options or restricted securities as
payment for shares. The acceptance of securities by certain
funds in exchange for fund shares is subject to additional
requirements. In the case of Putnam American Government Income
Fund, Putnam Asia Pacific Growth Fund, Putnam Asset Allocation
Funds, Putnam Capital Appreciation Fund, Putnam Preferred Income
Fund, Putnam Diversified Equity Trust, Putnam Equity Income Fund,
Putnam Europe Growth Fund, The Putnam Fund for Growth & Income,
Putnam Global Governmental Income Trust, Putnam Growth and Income
Fund II, Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund, Putnam Investment
Funds, Putnam Intermediate Tax Exempt Fund, Putnam Investment-
Grade Bond Fund, Putnam Municipal Income Fund, Putnam Natural
Resources Fund, Putnam OTC Emerging Growth Fund, Putnam Overseas
Growth Fund, Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund and Putnam Tax-Free
Income Trust, transactions involving the issuance of fund shares
for securities or assets other than cash will be limited to a
bona-fide re-organization or statutory merger and to other
acquisitions of portfolio securities that meet all the following
conditions: (a) such securities meet the investment objective(s)
and policies of the fund; (b) such securities are acquired for
investment and not for resale; (c) such securities are liquid
securities which are not restricted as to transfer either by law
or liquidity of market; and (d) such securities have a value
which is readily ascertainable, as evidenced by a listing on the
American Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange or The
Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. In addition, Putnam Global
Governmental Income Trust may accept only investment grade bonds
with prices regularly stated in publications generally accepted
by investors, such as the London Financial Times and the
Association of International Bond Dealers manual, or securities
listed on the New York or American Stock Exchanges or on The
Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. Putnam Diversified Income Trust may
accept only bonds with prices regularly stated in publications
generally accepted by investors. For federal income tax
purposes, a purchase of fund shares with securities will be
treated as a sale or exchange of such securities on which the
investor will realize a taxable gain or loss. The processing of
a purchase of fund shares with securities involves certain delays
while the fund considers the suitability of such securities and
while other requirements are satisfied. For information
regarding procedures for payment in securities, contact Putnam
Mutual Funds. Investors should not send securities to the fund
except when authorized to do so and in accordance with specific
instructions received from Putnam Mutual Funds.
Sales without sales charges or contingent deferred sales charges.
The fund may sell shares without a sales charge or CDSC to:
(i) current and retired Trustees of the fund; officers of
the fund; directors and current and retired U.S. full-time
employees of Putnam Management, Putnam Mutual Funds, their
parent corporations and certain corporate affiliates;
family members of and employee benefit plans for the
foregoing; and partnerships, trusts or other entities in
which any of the foregoing has a substantial interest;
(ii) employee benefit plans, for the repurchase of shares
in connection with repayment of plan loans made to plan
participants (if the sum loaned was obtained by redeeming
shares of a Putnam fund sold with a sales charge) (not
offered by tax-exempt funds);
(iii) clients of administrators of tax-qualified employee
benefit plans which have entered into agreements with
Putnam Mutual Funds (not offered by tax-exempt funds);
(iv) registered representatives and other employees of
broker-dealers having sales agreements with Putnam Mutual
Funds; employees of financial institutions having sales
agreements with Putnam Mutual Funds or otherwise having an
arrangement with any such broker-dealer or financial
institution with respect to sales of fund shares; and
their spouses and children under age 21 (Putnam Mutual
Funds is regarded as the dealer of record for all such
accounts);
(v) investors meeting certain requirements who sold shares
of certain Putnam closed-end funds pursuant to a tender
offer by such closed-end fund;
(vi) a trust department of any financial institution
purchasing shares of the fund in its capacity as trustee
of any trust, if the value of the shares of the fund and
other Putnam funds purchased or held by all such trusts
exceeds $1 million in the aggregate; and
(vii) "wrap accounts" maintained for clients of broker-
dealers, financial institutions or financial planners who
have entered into agreements with Putnam Mutual Funds with
respect to such accounts.
In addition, the fund may issue its shares at net asset value
without an initial sales charge or a CDSC in connection with the
acquisition of substantially all of the securities owned by other
investment companies or personal holding companies, and the CDSC
will be waived on redemptions of shares arising out of death or
disability or in connection with certain withdrawals from IRA or
other retirement plans. Up to 12% of the value of class B shares
subject to a systematic withdrawal plan may also be redeemed each
year without a CDSC. The fund may sell class M shares at net
asset value to members of qualified groups. See "Group
purchases of class A and class M shares" below.
Payments to dealers. Putnam Mutual Funds may, at its expense,
pay concessions in addition to the payments disclosed in the
prospectus to dealers which satisfy certain criteria established
from time to time by Putnam Mutual Funds relating to increasing
net sales of shares of the Putnam funds over prior periods, and
certain other factors.
Additional Information About Class A and Class M Shares
The underwriter's commission is the sales charge shown in the
prospectus less any applicable dealer discount. Putnam Mutual
Funds will give dealers ten days' notice of any changes in the
dealer discount. Putnam Mutual Funds retains the entire sales
charge on any retail sales made by it.
Putnam Mutual Funds offers several plans by which an investor may
obtain reduced sales charges on purchases of class A shares and
class M shares. The variations in sales charges reflect the
varying efforts required to sell shares to separate categories of
purchasers. These plans may be altered or discontinued at any
time.
Combined purchase privilege. The following persons may qualify
for the sales charge reductions or eliminations shown in the
prospectus by combining into a single transaction the purchase of
class A shares or class M shares with other purchases of any
class of shares:
(i) an individual, or a "company" as defined in Section
2(a)(8) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (which
includes corporations which are corporate affiliates of
each other);
(ii) an individual, his or her spouse and their children
under twenty-one, purchasing for his, her or their own
account;
(iii) a trustee or other fiduciary purchasing for a single
trust estate or single fiduciary account (including a
pension, profit-sharing, or other employee benefit trust
created pursuant to a plan qualified under Section 401 of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
"Code"));
(iv) tax-exempt organizations qualifying under Section
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (not including tax-
exempt organizations qualifying under Section 403(b)(7) (a
"403(b) plan") of the Code; and
(v) employee benefit plans of a single employer or of
affiliated employers, other than 403(b) plans.
A combined purchase currently may also include shares of any
class of other continuously offered Putnam funds (other than
money market funds) purchased at the same time through a single
investment dealer, if the dealer places the order for such shares
directly with Putnam Mutual Funds.
Cumulative quantity discount (right of accumulation). A
purchaser of class A shares or class M shares may qualify for a
cumulative quantity discount by combining a current purchase (or
combined purchases as described above) with certain other shares
of any class of Putnam funds already owned. The applicable sales
charge is based on the total of:
(i) the investor's current purchase; and
(ii) the maximum public offering price (at the close of
business on the previous day) of:
(a) all shares held by the investor in all of the
Putnam funds (except money market funds); and
(b) any shares of money market funds acquired by
exchange from other Putnam funds; and
(iii) the maximum public offering price of all shares
described in paragraph (ii) owned by another shareholder
eligible to participate with the investor in a "combined
purchase" (see above).
To qualify for the combined purchase privilege or to obtain the
cumulative quantity discount on a purchase through an investment
dealer, when each purchase is made the investor or dealer must
provide Putnam Mutual Funds with sufficient information to verify
that the purchase qualifies for the privilege or discount. The
shareholder must furnish this information to Putnam Investor
Services when making direct cash investments.
Statement of Intention. Investors may also obtain the reduced
sales charges for class A shares or class M shares shown in the
prospectus for investments of a particular amount by means of a
written Statement of Intention, which expresses the investor's
intention to invest that amount (including certain "credits," as
described below) within a period of 13 months in shares of any
class of the fund or any other continuously offered Putnam fund
(excluding money market funds). Each purchase of class A shares
or class M shares under a Statement of Intention will be made at
the public offering price applicable at the time of such purchase
to a single transaction of the total dollar amount indicated in
the Statement of Intention. A Statement of Intention may include
purchases of shares made not more than 90 days prior to the date
that an investor signs a Statement; however, the 13-month period
during which the Statement of Intention is in effect will begin
on the date of the earliest purchase to be included.
An investor may receive a credit toward the amount indicated in
the Statement of Intention equal to the maximum public offering
price as of the close of business on the previous day of all
shares he or she owns on the date of the Statement of Intention
which are eligible for purchase under a Statement of Intention
(plus any shares of money market funds acquired by exchange of
such eligible shares). Investors do not receive credit for
shares purchased by the reinvestment of distributions. Investors
qualifying for the "combined purchase privilege" (see above) may
purchase shares under a single Statement of Intention.
The Statement of Intention is not a binding obligation upon the
investor to purchase the full amount indicated. The minimum
initial investment under a Statement of Intention is 5% of such
amount, and must be invested immediately. Class A shares or
class M shares purchased with the first 5% of such amount will be
held in escrow to secure payment of the higher sales charge
applicable to the shares actually purchased if the full amount
indicated is not purchased. When the full amount indicated has
been purchased, the escrow will be released. If an investor
desires to redeem escrowed shares before the full amount has been
purchased, the shares will be released from escrow only if the
investor pays the sales charge that, without regard to the
Statement of Intention, would apply to the total investment made
to date.
To the extent that an investor purchases more than the dollar
amount indicated on the Statement of Intention and qualifies for
a further reduced sales charge, the sales charge will be adjusted
for the entire amount purchased at the end of the 13-month
period, upon recovery from the investor's dealer of its portion
of the sales charge adjustment. Once received from the dealer,
which may take a period of time or may never occur, the sales
charge adjustment will be used to purchase additional shares at
the then current offering price applicable to the actual amount
of the aggregate purchases. These additional shares will not be
considered as part of the total investment for the purpose of
determining the applicable sales charge pursuant to the Statement
of Intention. No sales charge adjustment will be made unless and
until the investor's dealer returns any excess commissions
previously received.
To the extent that an investor purchases less than the dollar
amount indicated on the Statement of Intention within the 13-
month period, the sales charge will be adjusted upward for the
entire amount purchased at the end of the 13-month period. This
adjustment will be made by redeeming shares from the account to
cover the additional sales charge, the proceeds of which will be
paid to the investor's dealer and Putnam Mutual Funds in
accordance with the prospectus. If the account exceeds an amount
that would otherwise qualify for a reduced sales charge, that
reduced sales charge will be applied.
Statements of Intention are not available for certain employee
benefit plans.
Statement of Intention forms may be obtained from Putnam Mutual
Funds or from investment dealers. Interested investors should
read the Statement of Intention carefully.
Group purchases of class A and class M shares. Members of
qualified groups may purchase class A shares of the fund at a
group sales charge rate of 4.50% of the public offering price
(4.71% of the net amount invested). The dealer discount on such
sales is 3.75% of the offering price. Members of qualified
groups may also purchase class M shares at net asset value.
To receive the class A or class M group rate, group members must
purchase shares through a single investment dealer designated by
the group. The designated dealer must transmit each member's
initial purchase to Putnam Mutual Funds, together with payment
and completed application forms. After the initial purchase, a
member may send funds for the purchase of shares directly to
Putnam Investor Services. Purchases of shares are made at the
public offering price based on the net asset value next
determined after Putnam Mutual Funds or Putnam Investor Services
receives payment for the shares. The minimum investment
requirements described above apply to purchases by any group
member. Only shares purchased under the class A group discount
are included in calculating the purchased amount for the purposes
of these requirements.
Qualified groups include the employees of a corporation or a sole
proprietorship, members and employees of a partnership or
association, or other organized groups of persons (the members of
which may include other qualified groups) provided that: (i) the
group has at least 25 members of which, with respect to the class
A discount only, at least 10 members participate in the initial
purchase; (ii) the group has been in existence for at least six
months; (iii) the group has some purpose in addition to the
purchase of investment company shares at a reduced sales charge;
(iv) the group's sole organizational nexus or connection is not
that the members are credit card holders of a company, policy
holders of an insurance company, customers of a bank or
broker-dealer, clients of an investment adviser or security
holders of a company; (v) with respect to the class A discount
only, the group agrees to provide its designated investment
dealer access to the group's membership by means of written
communication or direct presentation to the membership at a
meeting on not less frequently than an annual basis; (vi) the
group or its investment dealer will provide annual certification
in form satisfactory to Putnam Investor Services that the group
then has at least 25 members and, with respect to the class A
discount only, that at least ten members participated in group
purchases during the immediately preceding 12 calendar months;
and (vii) the group or its investment dealer will provide
periodic certification in form satisfactory to Putnam Investor
Services as to the eligibility of the purchasing members of the
group.
Members of a qualified group include: (i) any group which meets
the requirements stated above and which is a constituent member
of a qualified group; (ii) any individual purchasing for his or
her own account who is carried on the records of the group or on
the records of any constituent member of the group as being a
good standing employee, partner, member or person of like status
of the group or constituent member; or (iii) any fiduciary
purchasing shares for the account of a member of a qualified
group or a member's beneficiary. For example, a qualified group
could consist of a trade association which would have as its
members individuals, sole proprietors, partnerships and
corporations. The members of the group would then consist of the
individuals, the sole proprietors and their employees, the
members of the partnerships and their employees, and the
corporations and their employees, as well as the trustees of
employee benefit trusts acquiring class A shares for the benefit
of any of the foregoing.
A member of a qualified group may, depending upon the value of
class A shares of the fund owned or proposed to be purchased by
the member, be entitled to purchase class A shares of the fund at
non-group sales charge rates shown in the prospectus which may be
lower than the group sales charge rate, if the member qualifies
as a person entitled to reduced non-group sales charges. Such a
group member will be entitled to purchase at the lower rate if,
at the time of purchase, the member or his or her investment
dealer furnishes sufficient information for Putnam Mutual Funds
or Putnam Investor Services to verify that the purchase qualifies
for the lower rate.
Interested groups should contact their investment dealer or
Putnam Mutual Funds. The fund reserves the right to revise the
terms of or to suspend or discontinue group sales at any time.
Employee benefit plans; Individual account plans. The term
"employee benefit plan" means any plan or arrangement, whether or
not tax-qualified, which provides for the purchase of class A
shares. The term "affiliated employer" means employers who are
affiliated with each other within the meaning of Section
2(a)(3)(C) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. The term
"individual account plan" means any employee benefit plan whereby
(i) class A shares are purchased through payroll deductions or
otherwise by a fiduciary or other person for the account of
participants who are employees (or their spouses) of an employer,
or of affiliated employers, and (ii) a separate investing account
is maintained in the name of such fiduciary or other person for
the account of each participant in the plan.
The table of sales charges in the prospectus applies to sales to
employee benefit plans, except that the fund may sell class A
shares at net asset value to employee benefit plans, including
individual account plans, of employers or of affiliated employers
which have at least 750 employees to whom such plan is made
available, in connection with a payroll deduction system of plan
funding (or other system acceptable to Putnam Investor Services)
by which contributions or account information for plan
participation are transmitted to Putnam Investor Services by
methods acceptable to Putnam Investor Services. The fund may
also sell class A shares at net asset value to participant-
directed qualified retirement plans with at least 200 eligible
employees, or prior to December 1, 1995, a plan sponsored by an
employer or by affiliated employers which have at least 750
employees and, beginning December 1, 1995, the fund may sell
class M shares at net asset value to participant-directed
qualified retirement plans with at least 50 eligible employees.
A participant-directed qualified retirement plan participating in
a "multi-fund" program approved by Putnam Mutual Funds may
include amounts invested in the other mutual funds participating
in such program for purposes of determining whether the plan may
purchase class A shares at net asset value based on the size of
the purchase as described in the prospectus. These investments
will also be included for purposes of the discount privileges and
programs described above.
Additional information about participant-directed qualified
retirement plans and individual account plans is available from
investment dealers or from Putnam Mutual Funds.
<PAGE>
Contingent Deferred Sales Charges
Class A shares. Class A shares purchased at net asset value by
shareholders investing $1 million or more, including purchases
pursuant to any Combined Purchase Privilege, Right of
Accumulation or Statement of Intention, are subject to a CDSC of
1.00% or 0.50%, respectively, if redeemed within the first or
second year after purchase. The class A CDSC is imposed on the
lower of the cost and the current net asset value of the shares
redeemed. The CDSC does not apply to shares sold without a sales
charge through participant-directed qualified retirement plans
and shares purchased by certain investors investing $1 million or
more that have made arrangements with Putnam Mutual Funds and
whose dealer of record waived the commission described in the
next paragraph.
Except as stated below, Putnam Mutual Funds pays investment
dealers of record commissions on sales of class A shares of $1
million or more based on an investor's cumulative purchases of
such shares, including purchases pursuant to any Combined
Purchase Privilege, Right of Accumulation or Statement of
Intention, during the one-year period beginning with the date of
the initial purchase at net asset value and each subsequent one-
year period beginning with the first net asset value purchase
following the end of the prior period. Such commissions are paid
at the rate of 1.00% of the amount under $3 million, 0.50% of the
next $47 million and 0.25% thereafter. On sales at net asset
value to a participant-directed qualified retirement plan
initially investing less than $20 million in Putnam funds and
other investments managed by Putnam Management or its affiliates
(including a plan with at least 200 eligible employees, or prior
to December 1, 1995, a plan sponsored by an employer with more
than 750 employees), Putnam Mutual Funds pays commissions during
each one-year measuring period, determined as described above, at
the rate of 1.00% of the first $2 million, 0.80% of the next $1
million and 0.50% thereafter, except that commissions on sales
prior to December 1, 1995 are based on cumulative purchases
during the life of the account and are paid at the rate of 1.00%
of the amount under $3 million and 0.50% thereafter. On sales at
net asset value to all other participant-directed qualified
retirement plans, Putnam Mutual Funds pays commissions on the
initial investment and on subsequent net quarterly sales (gross
sales minus gross redemptions during the quarter) at the rate of
0.15%. Money market fund shares are excluded from all commission
calculations, except for determining the amount initially
invested by a participant-directed qualified retirement plan.
Commissions on sales at net asset value to such plans are subject
to Putnam Mutual Funds' right to reclaim such commissions if the
shares are redeemed within two years.
Different CDSC and commission rates may apply to shares purchased
before April 1, 1994.
Class B and class C shares. Investors who set up an Automatic
Cash Withdrawal Plan ("ACWP") for a class B and class C share
account (see "Plans available to shareholders -- Automatic Cash
Withdrawal Plan") may withdraw through the ACWP up to 12% of the
net asset value of the account (calculated as set forth below)
each year without incurring any CDSC. Shares not subject to a
CDSC (such as shares representing reinvestment of distributions)
will be redeemed first and will count toward the 12% limitation.
If there are insufficient shares not subject to a CDSC, shares
subject to the lowest CDSC liability will be redeemed next until
the 12% limit is reached. The 12% figure is calculated on a pro
rata basis at the time of the first payment made pursuant to an
ACWP and recalculated thereafter on a pro rata basis at the time
of each ACWP payment. Therefore, shareholders who have chosen an
ACWP based on a percentage of the net asset value of their
account of up to 12% will be able to receive ACWP payments
without incurring a CDSC. However, shareholders who have chosen
a specific dollar amount (for example, $100 per month from a fund
that pays income distributions monthly) for their periodic ACWP
payment should be aware that the amount of that payment not
subject to a CDSC may vary over time depending on the net asset
value of their account. For example, if the net asset value of
the account is $10,000 at the time of payment, the shareholder
will receive $100 free of the CDSC (12% of $10,000 divided by 12
monthly payments). However, if at the time of the next payment
the net asset value of the account has fallen to $9,400, the
shareholder will receive $94 free of any CDSC (12% of $9,400
divided by 12 monthly payments) and $6 subject to the lowest
applicable CDSC. This ACWP privilege may be revised or
terminated at any time.
All shares. No CDSC is imposed on shares of any class subject to
a CDSC ("CDSC Shares") to the extent that the CDSC Shares
redeemed (i) are no longer subject to the holding period
therefor, (ii) resulted from reinvestment of distributions on
CDSC Shares, or (iii) were exchanged for shares of another Putnam
fund, provided that the shares acquired in such exchange or
subsequent exchanges (including shares of a Putnam money market
fund) will continue to remain subject to the CDSC, if applicable,
until the applicable holding period expires. In determining
whether the CDSC applies to each redemption of CDSC Shares, CDSC
Shares not subject to a CDSC are redeemed first.
<PAGE>
The fund will waive any CDSC on redemptions, in the case of
individual, joint or Uniform Transfers to Minors Act accounts, in
the event of the death or post-purchase disability of a
shareholder, for the purpose of paying benefits pursuant to
tax-qualified retirement plans ("Benefit Payments"), or in the
case of living trust accounts in the event of the death or post-
purchase disability of the settlor of the trust). Benefit
payments currently include, without limitation, (1) distributions
from an IRA due to death or disability, (2) a return of excess
contributions to an IRA or 401(k) plan, and (3) distributions
from retirement plans qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code
or from a 403(b) plan due to death, disability, retirement or
separation from service. These waivers may be changed at any
time. Additional waivers may apply to IRA accounts opened prior
to February 1, 1994.
DISTRIBUTION PLANS
If the fund or a class of shares of the fund has adopted a
distribution plan, the prospectus describes the principal
features of the plan. This SAI contains additional information
which may be of interest to investors.
Continuance of a plan is subject to annual approval by a vote of
the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not
interested persons of the fund and who have no direct or indirect
interest in the plan or related arrangements (the "Qualified
Trustees"), cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose.
All material amendments to a plan must be likewise approved by
the Trustees and the Qualified Trustees. No plan may be amended
in order to increase materially the costs which the fund may bear
for distribution pursuant to such plan without also being
approved by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of
the fund or the relevant class of the fund, as the case may be.
A plan terminates automatically in the event of its assignment
and may be terminated without penalty, at any time, by a vote of
a majority of the Qualified Trustees or by a vote of a majority
of the outstanding voting securities of the fund or the relevant
class of the fund, as the case may be.
If plan payments are made to reimburse Putnam Mutual Funds for
payments to dealers based on the average net asset value of fund
shares attributable to shareholders for whom the dealers are
designated as the dealer of record, "average net asset value"
attributable to a shareholder account means the product of (i)
the fund's average daily share balance of the account and (ii)
the fund's average daily net asset value per share (or the
average daily net asset value per share of the class, if
applicable). For administrative reasons, Putnam Mutual Funds may
enter into agreements with certain dealers providing for the
calculation of "average net asset value" on the basis of assets
of the accounts of the dealer's customers on an established day
in each quarter.
Financial institutions receiving payments from Putnam Mutual
Funds as described above may be required to comply with various
state and federal regulatory requirements, including among others
those regulating the activities of securities brokers or dealers.
<PAGE>
INVESTOR SERVICES
Shareholder Information
Each time shareholders buy or sell shares, they will receive a
statement confirming the transaction and listing their current
share balance. (Under certain investment plans, a statement may
only be sent quarterly.) Shareholders will receive a statement
confirming reinvestment of distributions in additional fund
shares (or in shares of other Putnam funds for Dividends Plus
accounts) promptly following the quarter in which the
reinvestment occurs. To help shareholders take full advantage of
their Putnam investment, they will receive a Welcome Kit and a
periodic publication covering many topics of interest to
investors. The fund also sends annual and semiannual reports
that keep shareholders informed about its portfolio and
performance, and year-end tax information to simplify their
recordkeeping. Easy-to-read, free booklets on special subjects
such as the Exchange Privilege and IRAs are available from Putnam
Investor Services. Shareholders may call Putnam Investor
Services toll-free weekdays at 1-800-225-1581 between 8:30 a.m.
and 7:00 p.m. Boston time for more information, including account
balances.
Your Investing Account
The following information provides more detail concerning the
operation of a Putnam Investing Account. For further information
or assistance, investors should consult Putnam Investor Services.
Shareholders who purchase shares through a defined contribution
plan should note that not all of the services or features
described below may be available to them, and they should contact
their employer for details.
A shareholder may reinvest a cash distribution without a
front-end sales charge or without the reinvested shares being
subject to a CDSC, as the case may be, by delivering to Putnam
Investor Services the uncashed distribution check, endorsed to
the order of the fund. Putnam Investor Services must receive the
properly endorsed check within 1 year after the date of the
check.
The Investing Account also provides a way to accumulate shares of
the fund. In most cases, after an initial investment of $500, a
shareholder may send checks to Putnam Investor Services for $50
or more, made payable to the fund, to purchase additional shares
at the applicable public offering price next determined after
Putnam Investor Services receives the check. Checks must be
drawn on a U.S. bank and must be payable in U.S. dollars.
Putnam Investor Services acts as the shareholder's agent whenever
it receives instructions to carry out a transaction on the
shareholder's account. Upon receipt of instructions that shares
are to be purchased for a shareholder's account, shares will be
purchased through the investment dealer designated by the
shareholder. Shareholders may change investment dealers at any
time by written notice to Putnam Investor Services, provided the
new dealer has a sales agreement with Putnam Mutual Funds.
Shares credited to an account are transferable upon written
instructions in good order to Putnam Investor Services and may be
sold to the fund as described under "How to sell shares" in the
prospectus. Money market funds and certain other funds will not
issue share certificates. A shareholder may send to Putnam
Investor Services any certificates which have been previously
issued for safekeeping at no charge to the shareholder.
Putnam Mutual Funds, at its expense, may provide certain
additional reports and administrative material to qualifying
institutional investors with fiduciary responsibilities to assist
these investors in discharging their responsibilities.
Institutions seeking further information about this service
should contact Putnam Mutual Funds, which may modify or terminate
this service at any time.
Putnam Investor Services may make special services available to
shareholders with investments exceeding $1,000,000. Contact
Putnam Investor Services for details.
The fund pays Putnam Investor Services' fees for maintaining
Investing Accounts.
Reinstatement Privilege
An investor who has redeemed shares of the fund may reinvest
(within 1 year) the proceeds of such sale in shares of the same
class of the fund, or may be able to reinvest (within 1 year) the
proceeds in shares of the same class of one of the other
continuously offered Putnam funds (through the Exchange Privilege
described in the prospectus), including, in the case of shares
subject to a CDSC, the amount of CDSC charged on the redemption.
Any such reinvestment would be at the net asset value of the
shares of the fund(s) the investor selects, next determined after
Putnam Mutual Funds receives a Reinstatement Authorization. The
time that the previous investment was held will be included in
determining any applicable CDSC due upon redemptions and, in the
case of class B shares, the eight-year period for conversion to
class A shares. Shareholders will receive from Putnam Mutual
Funds the amount of any CDSC paid at the time of redemption as
part of the reinstated investment, which may be treated as
capital gains to the shareholder for tax purposes. Exercise of
the Reinstatement Privilege does not alter the federal income tax
treatment of any capital gains realized on a sale of fund shares,
but to the extent that any shares are sold at a loss and the
proceeds are reinvested in shares of the fund, some or all of the
loss may be disallowed as a deduction. Consult your tax adviser.
Investors who desire to exercise the Reinstatement Privilege
should contact their investment dealer or Putnam Investor
Services.
Exchange Privilege
Except as otherwise set forth in this section, by calling Putnam
Investor Services, investors may exchange shares valued up to
$500,000 between accounts with identical registrations, provided
that no certificates are outstanding for such shares and no
address change has been made within the preceding 15 days.
During periods of unusual market changes and shareholder
activity, shareholders may experience delays in contacting Putnam
Investor Services by telephone to exercise the Telephone Exchange
Privilege.
Putnam Investor Services also makes exchanges promptly after
receiving a properly completed Exchange Authorization Form and,
if issued, share certificates. If the shareholder is a
corporation, partnership, agent, or surviving joint owner, Putnam
Investor Services will require additional documentation of a
customary nature. Because an exchange of shares involves the
redemption of fund shares and reinvestment of the proceeds in
shares of another Putnam fund, completion of an exchange may be
delayed under unusual circumstances if the fund were to suspend
redemptions or postpone payment for the fund shares being
exchanged, in accordance with federal securities laws. Exchange
Authorization Forms and prospectuses of the other Putnam funds
are available from Putnam Mutual Funds or investment dealers
having sales contracts with Putnam Mutual Funds. The prospectus
of each fund describes its investment objective(s) and policies,
and shareholders should obtain a prospectus and consider these
objectives and policies carefully before requesting an exchange.
Shares of certain Putnam funds are not available to residents of
all states. The fund reserves the right to change or suspend the
Exchange Privilege at any time. Shareholders would be notified
of any change or suspension. Additional information is available
from Putnam Investor Services.
Shares of the fund must be held at least 15 days by the
shareholder requesting an exchange. There is no holding period
if the shareholder acquired the shares to be exchanged through
reinvestment of distributions, transfer from another shareholder,
prior exchange or certain employer-sponsored defined contribution
plans. In all cases, the shares to be exchanged must be
registered on the records of the fund in the name of the
shareholder requesting the exchange.
Shareholders of other Putnam funds may also exchange their shares
at net asset value for shares of the fund, as set forth in the
current prospectus of each fund.
For federal income tax purposes, an exchange is a sale on which
the investor generally will realize a capital gain or loss
depending on whether the net asset value at the time of the
exchange is more or less than the investor's basis. The Exchange
Privilege may be revised or terminated at any time. Shareholders
would be notified of any such change or suspension.
Dividends PLUS
Shareholders may invest the fund's distributions of net
investment income or distributions combining net investment
income and short-term capital gains in shares of the same class
of another continuously offered Putnam fund (the "receiving
fund") using the net asset value per share of the receiving fund
determined on the date the fund's distribution is payable. No
sales charge or CDSC will apply to the purchased shares unless
the fund paying the distribution is a money market fund. The
prospectus of each fund describes its investment objective(s) and
policies, and shareholders should obtain a prospectus and
consider these objective(s) and policies carefully before
investing their distributions in the receiving fund. Shares of
certain Putnam funds are not available to residents of all
states.
The minimum account size requirement for the receiving fund will
not apply if the current value of your account in the fund paying
the distribution is more than $5,000.
Shareholders of other Putnam funds (except for money market
funds, whose shareholders must pay a sales charge or become
subject to a CDSC) may also use their distributions to purchase
shares of the fund at net asset value.
For federal tax purposes, distributions from the fund which are
reinvested in another fund are treated as paid by the fund to the
shareholder and invested by the shareholder in the receiving fund
and thus, to the extent comprised of taxable income and deemed
paid to a taxable shareholder, are taxable.
The Dividends PLUS program may be revised or terminated at any
time.
Plans Available To Shareholders
The plans described below are fully voluntary and may be
terminated at any time without the imposition by the fund or
Putnam Investor Services of any penalty. All plans provide for
automatic reinvestment of all distributions in additional shares
of the fund at net asset value. The fund, Putnam Mutual Funds or
Putnam Investor Services may modify or cease offering these plans
at any time.
Automatic cash withdrawal plan ("ACWP"). An investor who owns or
buys shares of the fund valued at $10,000 or more at the current
public offering price may open an ACWP plan and have a designated
sum of money ($50 or more) paid monthly, quarterly, semi-annually
or annually to the investor or another person. (Payments from
the fund can be combined with payments from other Putnam funds
into a single check through a designated payment plan.) Shares
are deposited in a plan account, and all distributions are
reinvested in additional shares of the fund at net asset value
(except where the plan is utilized in connection with a
charitable remainder trust). Shares in a plan account are then
redeemed at net asset value to make each withdrawal payment.
Payment will be made to any person the investor designates;
however, if shares are registered in the name of a trustee or
other fiduciary, payment will be made only to the fiduciary,
except in the case of a profit-sharing or pension plan where
payment will be made to a designee. As withdrawal payments may
include a return of principal, they cannot be considered a
guaranteed annuity or actual yield of income to the investor.
The redemption of shares in connection with a plan generally will
result in a gain or loss for tax purposes. Some or all of the
losses realized upon redemption may be disallowed pursuant to the
so-called wash sale rules if shares of the same fund from which
shares were redeemed are purchased (including through the
reinvestment of fund distributions) within a period beginning 30
days before, and ending 30 days after, such redemption. In such
a case, the basis of the replacement shares will be increased to
reflect the disallowed loss. Continued withdrawals in excess of
income will reduce and possibly exhaust invested principal,
especially in the event of a market decline. The maintenance of
a plan concurrently with purchases of additional shares of the
fund would be disadvantageous to the investor because of the
sales charge payable on such purchases. For this reason, the
minimum investment accepted while a plan is in effect is $1,000,
and an investor may not maintain a plan for the accumulation of
shares of the fund (other than through reinvestment of
distributions) and a plan at the same time. The cost of
administering these plans for the benefit of those shareholders
participating in them is borne by the fund as an expense of all
shareholders. The fund, Putnam Mutual Funds or Putnam Investor
Services may terminate or change the terms of the plan at any
time. A plan will be terminated if communications mailed to the
shareholder are returned as undeliverable.
Investors should consider carefully with their own financial
advisers whether the plan and the specified amounts to be
withdrawn are appropriate in their circumstances. The fund and
Putnam Investor Services make no recommendations or
representations in this regard.
Tax Qualified Retirement Plans; 403(b) and SEP Plans. (Not
offered by funds investing primarily in tax-exempt securities.)
Investors may purchase shares of the fund through the following
Tax Qualified Retirement Plans, available to qualified
individuals or organizations:
Standard and variable profit-sharing (including 401(k))
and money purchase pension plans; and
Individual Retirement Account Plans (IRAs).
Each of these Plans has been qualified as a prototype plan by the
Internal Revenue Service. Putnam Investor Services will furnish
services under each plan at a specified annual cost. Putnam
Fiduciary Trust Company serves as trustee under each of these
Plans.
Forms and further information on these Plans are available from
investment dealers or from Putnam Mutual Funds. In addition,
specialized professional plan administration services are
available on an optional basis; contact Putnam Defined
Contribution Plan Services at 1-800-225-2465, extension 8600.
A 403(b) Retirement Plan is available for employees of public
school systems and organizations which meet the requirements of
Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Forms and
further information on the 403(b) Plan are also available from
investment dealers or from Putnam Mutual Funds. Shares of the
fund may also be used in simplified employee pension (SEP) plans.
For further information on the Putnam prototype SEP plan, contact
an investment dealer or Putnam Mutual Funds.
Consultation with a competent financial and tax adviser regarding
these Plans and consideration of the suitability of fund shares
as an investment under the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974, or otherwise, is recommended.
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES
Redemption requests for shares having a net asset value of
$100,000 or more must be signed by the registered owners or their
legal representatives and must be guaranteed by a bank,
broker/dealer, municipal securities dealer or broker, government
securities dealer or broker, credit union, national securities
exchange, registered securities association, clearing agency,
savings association or trust company, provided such institution
is acceptable under and conforms with Putnam Fiduciary Trust
Company's signature guarantee procedures. A copy of such
procedures is available upon request. If you want your
redemption proceeds sent to an address other than your address as
it appears on Putnam's records, you must provide a signature
guarantee. Putnam Investor Services usually requires additional
documentation for the sale of shares by a corporation,
partnership, agent or fiduciary, or a surviving joint owner.
Contact Putnam Investor Services for details.
SUSPENSION OF REDEMPTIONS
The fund may not suspend shareholders' right of redemption, or
postpone payment for more than seven days, unless the New York
Stock Exchange is closed for other than customary weekends or
holidays, or if permitted by the rules of the Securities and
Exchange Commission during periods when trading on the Exchange
is restricted or during any emergency which makes it
impracticable for the fund to dispose of its securities or to
determine fairly the value of its net assets, or during any other
period permitted by order of the Commission for protection of
investors.
SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain
circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of
the fund. However, the Agreement and Declaration of Trust
disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the
fund and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each
agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by
the fund or the Trustees. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust
provides for indemnification out of fund property for all loss
and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the
obligations of the fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder
incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is
limited to circumstances in which the fund would be unable to
meet its obligations. The likelihood of such circumstances is
remote.
STANDARD PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Yield and total return data for the fund may from time to time be
presented in Part I of this SAI and in advertisements. In the
case of funds with more than one class of shares, all performance
information is calculated separately for each class. The data is
calculated as follows.
Total return for one-, five- and ten-year periods (or for such
shorter periods as the fund has been in operation or shares of
the relevant class have been outstanding) is determined by
calculating the actual dollar amount of investment return on a
$1,000 investment in the fund made at the beginning of the
period, at the maximum public offering price for class A shares
and class M shares and net asset value for other classes of
shares, and then calculating the annual compounded rate of return
which would produce that amount. Total return for a period of
one year is equal to the actual return of the fund during that
period. Total return calculations assume deduction of the fund's
maximum sales charge or CDSC, if applicable, and reinvestment of
all fund distributions at net asset value on their respective
reinvestment dates.
The fund's yield is presented for a specified thirty-day period
(the "base period"). Yield is based on the amount determined by
(i) calculating the aggregate amount of dividends and interest
earned by the fund during the base period less expenses for that
period, and (ii) dividing that amount by the product of (A) the
average daily number of shares of the fund outstanding during the
base period and entitled to receive dividends and (B) the per
share maximum public offering price for class A shares or class M
shares, as appropriate, and net asset value for other classes of
shares on the last day of the base period. The result is
annualized on a compounding basis to determine the yield. For
this calculation, interest earned on debt obligations held by the
fund is generally calculated using the yield to maturity (or
first expected call date) of such obligations based on their
market values (or, in the case of receivables-backed securities
such as the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMAs"),
based on cost). Dividends on equity securities are accrued daily
at their stated dividend rates. The amount of expenses used in
determining the fund's yield includes, in addition to expenses
actually accrued by the fund, an estimate of the amount of
expenses that the fund would have incurred if brokerage
commissions had not been used to reduce such expenses.
If the fund is a money market fund, yield is computed by
determining the percentage net change, excluding capital changes,
in the value of an investment in one share over the seven-day
period for which yield is presented (the "base period"), and
multiplying the net change by 365/7 (or approximately 52 weeks).
Effective yield represents a compounding of the yield by adding 1
to the number representing the percentage change in value of the
investment during the base period, raising that sum to a power
equal to 365/7, and subtracting 1 from the result.
If the fund is a tax-exempt fund, the tax-equivalent yield during
the base period may be presented for shareholders in one or more
stated tax brackets. Tax-equivalent yield is calculated by
adjusting the tax-exempt yield by a factor designed to show the
approximate yield that a taxable investment would have to earn to
produce an after-tax yield equal, for that shareholder, to the
tax-exempt yield. The tax-equivalent yield will differ for
shareholders in other tax brackets.
<PAGE>
At times, Putnam Management may reduce its compensation or assume
expenses of the fund in order to reduce the fund's expenses. The
per share amount of any such fee reduction or assumption of
expenses during the fund's past ten fiscal years (or for the life
of the fund, if shorter) is reflected in the table in the section
entitled "Financial highlights" in the prospectus. Any such fee
reduction or assumption of expenses would increase the fund's
yield and total return during the period of the fee reduction or
assumption of expenses.
All data are based on past performance and do not predict future
results.
COMPARISON OF PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE
Independent statistical agencies measure the fund's investment
performance and publish comparative information showing how the
fund, and other investment companies, performed in specified time
periods. Three agencies whose reports are commonly used for such
comparisons are set forth below. From time to time, the fund may
distribute these comparisons to its shareholders or to potential
investors. The agencies listed below measure performance based
on their own criteria rather than on the standardized performance
measures described in the preceding section.
Lipper Analytical Services, Inc. distributes mutual fund
rankings monthly. The rankings are based on total return
performance calculated by Lipper, generally reflecting
changes in net asset value adjusted for reinvestment of
capital gains and income dividends. They do not reflect
deduction of any sales charges. Lipper rankings cover a
variety of performance periods, including year-to-date,
1-year, 5-year, and 10-year performance. Lipper
classifies mutual funds by investment objective and asset
category.
Morningstar, Inc. distributes mutual fund ratings twice a
month. The ratings are divided into five groups:
highest, above average, neutral, below average and lowest.
They represent a fund's historical risk/reward ratio
relative to other funds in its broad investment class as
determined by Morningstar, Inc. Morningstar ratings cover
a variety of performance periods, including 3-year, 5-
year, 10-year and overall performance. The performance
factor for the overall rating is a weighted-average
assessment of the fund's 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year total
return performance (if available) reflecting deduction of
expenses and sales charges. Performance is adjusted using
quantitative techniques to reflect the risk profile of the
fund. The ratings are derived from a purely quantitative
system that does not utilize the subjective criteria
customarily employed by rating agencies such as Standard &
Poor's and Moody's Investor Service, Inc.
CDA/Wiesenberger's Management Results publishes mutual
fund rankings and is distributed monthly. The rankings
are based entirely on total return calculated by
Weisenberger for periods such as year-to-date, 1-year,
3-year, 5-year and 10-year. Mutual funds are ranked in
general categories (e.g., international bond,
international equity, municipal bond, and maximum capital
gain). Weisenberger rankings do not reflect deduction of
sales charges or fees.
Independent publications may also evaluate the fund's
performance. The fund may from time to time refer to results
published in various periodicals, including Barrons, Financial
World, Forbes, Fortune, Investor's Business Daily, Kiplinger's
Personal Finance Magazine, Money, U.S. News and World Report and
The Wall Street Journal.
Independent, unmanaged indexes, such as those listed below, may
be used to present a comparative benchmark of fund performance.
The performance figures of an index reflect changes in market
prices, reinvestment of all dividend and interest payments and,
where applicable, deduction of foreign withholding taxes, and do
not take into account brokerage commissions or other costs.
Because the fund is a managed portfolio, the securities it owns
will not match those in an index. Securities in an index may
change from time to time.
The Consumer Price Index, prepared by the U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics, is a commonly used measure of the rate
of inflation. The index shows the average change in the
cost of selected consumer goods and services and does not
represent a return on an investment vehicle.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average is an index of 30 common
stocks frequently used as a general measure of stock
market performance.
The Dow Jones Utilities Average is an index of 15 utility
stocks frequently used as a general measure of stock
market performance.
CS First Boston High Yield Index is a market-weighted
index including publicly traded bonds having a rating
below BBB by Standard & Poor's and Baa by Moody's.
The Lehman Brothers Corporate Bond Index is an index of
publicly issued, fixed-rate, non-convertible
investment-grade domestic corporate debt securities
frequently used as a general measure of the performance of
fixed-income securities.
The Lehman Brothers Government/Corporate Bond Index is an
index of publicly issued U.S. Treasury obligations, debt
obligations of U.S. government agencies (excluding
mortgage-backed securities), fixed-rate, non-convertible,
investment-grade corporate debt securities and U.S.
dollar-denominated, SEC-registered non-convertible debt
issued by foreign governmental entities or international
agencies used as a general measure of the performance of
fixed-income securities.
The Lehman Brothers Intermediate Treasury Bond Index is an
index of publicly issued U.S. Treasury obligations with
maturities of up to ten years and is used as a general
gauge of the market for intermediate-term fixed-income
securities.
The Lehman Brothers Long-Term Treasury Bond Index is an
index of publicly issued U.S. Treasury obligations
(excluding flower bonds and foreign-targeted issues) that
are U.S. dollar-denominated and have maturities of 10
years or greater.
The Lehman Brothers Mortgage-Backed Securities Index
includes 15- and 30-year fixed rate securities backed by
mortgage pools of the Government National Mortgage
Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and
Federal National Mortgage Association.
The Lehman Brothers Municipal Bond Index is an index of
approximately 20,000 investment-grade, fixed-rate
tax-exempt bonds.
The Lehman Brothers Treasury Bond Index is an index of
publicly issued U.S. Treasury obligations (excluding
flower bonds and foreign-targeted issues) that are U.S.
dollar denominated, have a minimum of one year to
maturity, and are issued in amounts over $100 million.
The Morgan Stanley Capital International World Index is an
index of approximately 1,482 equity securities listed on
the stock exchanges of the United States, Europe, Canada,
Australia, New Zealand and the Far East, with all values
expressed in U.S. dollars.
The Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE Index is an
index of approximately 1,045 equity securities issued by
companies located in 18 countries and listed on the stock
exchanges of Europe, Australia, and the Far East. All
values are expressed in U.S. dollars.
The Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe Index is
an index of approximately 627 equity securities issued by
companies located in one of 13 European countries, with
all values expressed in U.S. dollars.
The Morgan Stanley Capital International Pacific Index is
an index of approximately 418 equity securities issued by
companies located in 5 countries and listed on the
exchanges of Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Hong Kong,
Singapore/Malaysia. All values are expressed in U.S.
dollars.
The NASDAQ Industrial Average is an index of stocks traded
in The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. National Market System.
The Salomon Brothers Long-Term High-Grade Corporate Bond
Index is an index of publicly traded corporate bonds
having a rating of at least AA by Standard & Poor's or Aa
by Moody's and is frequently used as a general measure of
the performance of fixed-income securities.
The Salomon Brothers Long-Term Treasury Index is an index
of U.S. government securities with maturities greater than
10 years.
The Salomon Brothers World Government Bond Index is an
index that tracks the performance of the 14 government
bond markets of Australia, Austria, Belgium Canada,
Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands,
Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States.
Country eligibility is determined by market capitalization
and investability criteria.
The Salomon Brothers World Government Bond Index (non
$U.S.) is an index of foreign government bonds calculated
to provide a measure of performance in the government bond
markets outside of the United States.
Standard & Poor's 500 Composite Stock Price Index is an
index of common stocks frequently used as a general
measure of stock market performance.
Standard & Poor's 40 Utilities Index is an index of 40
utility stocks.
In addition, Putnam Mutual Funds may distribute to shareholders
or prospective investors illustrations of the benefits of
reinvesting tax-exempt or tax-deferred distributions over
specified time periods, which may include comparisons to fully
taxable distributions. These illustrations use hypothetical
rates of tax-advantaged and taxable returns and are not intended
to indicate the past or future performance of any fund.
DEFINITIONS
"Putnam Management" -- Putnam Investment Management,
Inc., the fund's investment
manager.
"Putnam Mutual Funds" -- Putnam Mutual Funds Corp., the
fund's principal underwriter.
"Putnam Fiduciary Trust -- Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company,
Company" the fund's custodian.
"Putnam Investor Services" -- Putnam Investor Services, a
division of Putnam Fiduciary
Trust Company, the fund's
investor servicing agent.
<PAGE>
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
(THE "MONEY MARKET FUND")
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND (THE "TAX EXEMPT
MONEY MARKET FUND")
FORM N-1A
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 24. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
(a) Index to Financial Statements and Supporting
Schedules:
(1) Financial Statements for Putnam Money Market
Fund :
Statement of assets and liabilities --
September 30, 1995(a) .
Statement of operations -- year ended
September 30, 1995(a) .
Statement of changes in net assets -- year
ended September 30, 1995 and period ended
September 30, 1994 (a).
Financial highlights (a)(b).
Notes to financial statements(a).
Financial Statements for Putnam Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund :
Statement of assets and liabilities --
September 30, 1995(a).
Statement of operations -- year ended
September 30, 1995(a).
Statement of changes in net assets -- years
ended September 30, 1995 and September 30,
1994(a) .
Financial highlights (a)(b).
Notes to financial statements(a).
(2) Supporting Schedules:
Schedule I -- Portfolio of investments
owned for Putnam Money Market Fund
and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market
Fund --September 30, 1995(a) .
Schedules II through IX omitted because
the required matter is not present.
- ----------------------
(a) Incorporated by reference into
Parts A and B.
(b) Included in Part A.
<PAGE>
(b) Exhibits:
1a . Agreement and Declaration of
Trust as amended and restated
on July 7, 1994 for Putnam
Money Market Fund --
Incorporated by reference to Post-
Effective Amendment No. 25 to the
Money Market Fund's Registration
Statement.
1b. Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as
amended July 13, 1992, for Putnam Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund -- Incorporated
by reference to Post-Effective Amendment
No. 6 to the Tax Exempt Money Market
Fund's Registration Statement.
2. By-Laws, as amended through February 1, 1994
for Putnam Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund -- Incorporated
by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No.
25 to the Money Market Fund's Registration
Statement and Post-Effective Amendment No. 9
to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's
Registration Statement.
3. Not applicable.
4a . Portions of Agreement and
Declaration of Trust Relating to
Shareholders' Rights for Putnam
Money Market Fund --
Incorporated by reference to Post-
Effective Amendment No. 25
to the Money Market Fund's
Registration Statement.
4b. Portions of Agreement and Declaration
of Trust Relating to Shareholders'
Rights for Putnam Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund -- Incorporated
by reference to Post-Effective Amendment
No. 7 to the Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund's Registration
Statement.
4c. Portions of By-Laws Relating to Shareholders'
Rights for Putnam Money Market Fund and
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund --
Incorporated by reference to Post-
Effective Amendment No. 25 to the
Money Market Fund's Registration Statement
and Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration
Statement.
5a. Management Contract dated December 21,
1988 for Putnam Money Market Fund --
Incorporated by reference to Post-
Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Money
Market Fund's Registration Statement.
5b. Management Contract dated July 9,
1992 for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market
Fund -- Incorporated by reference to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the
Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's
Registration Statement.<PAGE>
6a. Distributor's Contract dated September
1, 1994 for Putnam Money Market
Fund --Incorporated by reference to Post-
Effective Amendment No. 25 to the
Money Market Fund's Registration
Statement.
6b. Distributor's Contract dated May 6,
1994 for Putnam Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund --Incorporated by reference to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to the
Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's
Registration Statement.
6c. Form of Specimen Dealer Sales
Contract for Putnam Money Market Fund
and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -
- Exhibit 1.
6d. Form of Specimen Financial Institution Sales
Contract for Putnam Money Market Fund and
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund --Exhibit
2.
7. Not applicable.
8a. Custodian Agreement with Putnam
Fiduciary Trust Company dated May 3, 1991, as
amended July 13, 1992 for Putnam Money Market
Fund --Incorporated by reference to Post-
Effective Amendment No. 23 to the Money
Market Fund's Registration Statement.
8b. Custodian Agreement with Putnam
Fiduciary Trust Company dated May 3, 1991, as
amended July 13, 1992 for Putnam Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by
reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7
to the Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's
Registration Statement.
9a. Investor Servicing Agreement dated
June 3, 1991 with Putnam Fiduciary Trust
Company for Putnam Money Market Fund --
Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective
Amendment No. 21 to the Money Market
Fund's Registration Statement.
9b. Investor Servicing Agreement dated
June 3, 1991 with Putnam Fiduciary Trust
Company for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market
Fund --Incorporated by reference to Post-
Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration
Statement.
10a. Opinion of Ropes & Gray, including consent
for Putnam Money Market Fund -- Incorporated
by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No.
23 to the Money Market Fund's Registration
Statement.
10b. Opinion of Ropes & Gray, including consent
for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund --
. Exhibit 3.
11. Not applicable.
12. Not applicable.
13a. Class B Investment Letter from The Putnam
Management Company, Inc. to the Registrant
dated April 24, 1992 for Putnam Money Market
Fund -- Incorporated by reference to Post-
Effective Amendment No. 22 to the
Money
Market Fund's Registration Statement.
13b. Investment Letter from The Putnam Management
Company, Inc. to Putnam Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund -- Incorporated by reference to
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the
Tax Exempt Money Market Fund's
Registration Statement.
14. Not applicable.
15a. Class B Distribution Plan and
Agreement dated April 24, 1992 for Putnam
Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by
reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22
to the Money Market Fund's
Registration Statement.
15b. Class M Distribution Plan and
Agreement dated November 28, 1994 for Putnam
Money Market Fund -- Incorporated by
reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9
to the Money Market Fund's Registration
Statement.
15c. Distribution Plan and Agreement dated
July 10, 1987, as amended on January 1, 1990
for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund --
Incorporated by reference to Post-
Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund's Registration
Statement.
15d. Form of Specimen Dealer Service
Agreement for Putnam Money Market Fund
and Putnam Tax Exempt Money
Market Fund -- Exhibit 4.
15e. Form of Specimen Financial Institution
Service Agreement for Putnam Money Market
Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt
Money Market Fund -- Exhibit 5.
16a. Schedules for computation of performance
quotations for Putnam Money Market Fund --
Exhibit 6 .
16b. Schedules for computation of performance
quotations for Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market
Fund -- Exhibit 7 .
17a. Financial Data Schedule for Class A
shares of Putnam Money Market Fund -- Exhibit
8 .
17b. Financial Data Schedule for Class B
shares of Putnam Money Market Fund -- Exhibit
9 .
17c. Financial Data Schedule for Class M
shares of Putnam Money Market Fund --
Exhibit 10.<PAGE>
17d. Financial Data Schedule for
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund --
Exhibit 11 .
18. Rule 18f-3(d) Plan for Putnam Money
Market Fund -- Exhibit 12.
ITEM 25. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH
REGISTRANTS
None.
ITEM 26. NUMBER OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of September 30, 1995, the number of record
holders of each class of securities of the Registrants
is as follows:
NUMBER OF RECORD HOLDERS
---------------- -------------------- -
CLASS A CLASS B CLASS M
------- ------- -------
MONEY MARKET FUND 53,451 11,392 440
TAX EXEMPT MONEY
MARKET FUND 4,521 N/A N/A
ITEM 27. INDEMNIFICATION
The information required by this item for Putnam Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund is incorporated herein by reference to
its initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-
5215).
Article VIII of Putnam Money Market Fund's Agreement and
Declaration of Trust provides as follows:
Section 1. The Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees
and officers (including persons who serve at the Trust's request
as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in
which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or
otherwise) (hereinafter referred to as a "Covered Person")
against all liabilities and expenses, including but not limited
to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as
fines and penalties, and counsel fees reasonably incurred by any
Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of
any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal,
before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which
such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party
or otherwise or with which such person may be or may have been
threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or
having been such a Trustee or officer, except with respect to any
matter as to which such Covered Person shall have been finally
adjudicated in any such action, suit or other proceeding (a) not
to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such
Covered Person's action was in the best interests of the Trust or
(b) to be liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of
wilful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless
disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered
Person's office. Expenses, including counsel fees so incurred by
any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in
satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or
penalties), shall be paid from time to time by the Trust in
advance to the final disposition if any such action, suit or
proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such
Covered Person to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is
ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is
not authorized under this Article, provided, however, that either
(a) such Covered Person shall have provided appropriate security
for such undertaking, (b) the Trust shall be insured against
losses arising out of any such advance payments or (c) either a
majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter
(provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in
office act on the matter), or independent legal counsel in a
written opinion shall have determined, based upon a review of
readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type
inquiry), that there is reason to believe that such Covered
Person will be found entitled to indemnification under this
Article.
Section 2. As to any matter disposed of (whether by a
compromise payment, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise)
without an adjudication by a court, or by any other body before
which the proceeding was brought, that such Trustee, or officer
either (a) did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief
that his or her action was in the best interests of the Trust or
(b) is liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of
wilful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless
disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her
office, indemnification shall be provided if (a) approved as in
the best interests of the Trust, after notice that it involved
such indemnification by at least a majority of the disinterested
Trustees acting on the matter (providing that a majority of the
disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter) upon a
determination, based upon a review of readily available facts (as
opposed to a full trial type inquiry), that such Trustee or
officer acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or
her action was in the best interests of the Trust and is not
liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reasons of wilful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of
the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office, or (b)
there has been obtained an opinion in writing of independent
legal counsel, based upon a review of readily available facts (as
opposed to a full trial type inquiry), to the effect that such
Covered Person appears to have acted in good faith in the
reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best
interests of the Trust and that such indemnification would not
protect such person against any liability to the Trust to which
such person would otherwise be subject by reason of wilful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of
the duties involved in the conduct of office. Any approval
pursuant to this paragraph shall not prevent the recovery from
any Covered Person of any amount paid to such Covered Person in
accordance with this Section as indemnification if such Covered
Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of competent
jurisdiction not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable
belief that such Covered Person's action was in the best
interests of the Trust or to have been liable to the Trust or its
shareholders by reason of wilful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of such Covered Person's office.
Section 3. The right of indemnification hereby provided
shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any
such Covered Person may be entitled. As used in this Article
VIII, the term "Covered Person" shall include such person's
heirs, executors and administrators and a "disinterested Trustee"
is a Trustee who is not an "interested person" of the Trust as
defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (or who has been exempted from being an
"interested person" by any rule, regulation or order of the
Securities and Exchange Commission) and against whom none of such
actions, suits or other proceedings or another action, suit or
other proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then or has
been pending. Nothing contained in this article shall affect any
rights to indemnification to which personnel of the Trust, other
than Trustees and officers, and other persons may be entitled by
contract or otherwise under law, nor the power of the Trust to
purchase and maintain liability insurance on behalf of any such
person.
----------------------
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to Trustees, officers and
controlling persons of the Trust pursuant to the foregoing
provisions or otherwise, the Trust has been advised that in the
opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act of 1933, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the
event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities
(other than the payment by the Trust of expenses incurred or paid
by a Trustee, officer or controlling person of the Trust in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted
against the Trust by such Trustee, officer or controlling person
in connection with the securities being registered, the Trust
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
Item 28. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
Except as set forth below, the directors and officers
of the Registrant's investment adviser have been engaged during
the past two fiscal years in no business, vocation or employment
of a substantial nature other than as directors or officers of
the investment adviser or certain of its corporate affiliates.
Certain officers of the investment adviser serve as officers of
some or all of the Putnam funds. The address of the investment
adviser, its corporate affiliates and the Putnam Funds is One
Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.
NAME NON-PUTNAM BUSINESS AND OTHER
CONNECTIONS
Gail S. Attridge Prior to November, 1993, International
Vice President Analyst, Keystone Custodian Funds,
200 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA
02116
James D. Babcock Prior to June, 1994, Interest
Assistant Vice President Supervisor, Salomon Brothers, Inc.
7 World Trade Center, New York, NY
10048
Robert K. Baumbach Prior to August, 1994, Vice President
Vice President and Analyst, Keystone Custodian
Funds, 200 Berkeley St., Boston, MA
02110
Janet S. Becker Prior to July, 1995, National Account
Assistant Vice President Manager for Booz-Allen & Hamilton,
American Express Travel Management
Services, 100 Cambridge Park Drive,
02140; Prior to August, 1994,
Account Manager, Hilton at Dedham
Place, Dedham, MA 02026
Sharon A. Berka Prior to January, 1994, Vice
Vice President President - Compensation Manager,
BayBanks, Inc., 175 Federal Street,
Boston, MA 02110
Matthew G. Bevin Prior to February, 1995, Consultant,
Assistant Vice President SEI Corporation, 680 East Swedesford
Road, Wayne, PA 19807
Thomas Bogan Prior to November, 1994, Analyst
Senior Vice President Lord, Abbett & Co., 767 Fifth
Avenue, New York, NY 10153
Michael F. Bouscaren Prior to May, 1994, President and
Senior Vice President Chairman of the Board of Directors
at Salomon Series Funds, Inc. and a
Director of Salomon Brothers Asset
Management, 7 World Trade Center,
New York, NY 10048
Brett Browchuk Prior to April, 1994, Managing
Managing Director Director, Fidelity Investments, 82
Devonshire St., Boston, MA 02109
Andrea Burke Prior to August, 1994, Vice President
Vice President and Portfolio Manager, Back Bay
Advisors, 399 Boylston St., Boston,
MA 02116
Susan Chapman Prior to June, 1995, Vice President,
Senior Vice President Forbes, Walsh, Kelly & Company,
Inc., 17 Battery Place, New York, NY
10004
Steven Cheshire Prior to January, 1994, Assistant
Vice President Vice President, Wellington
Management, 75 State Street, Boston,
MA 02109
Louis F. Chrostowski Prior to August, 1995, Manager of
Vice President Compensation and Benefits, Itek
Optical Systems, 10 MacGuire Rd.,
Lexington, MA 02173
Judith S. Deming Prior to May, 1995, Asset Manager,
Assistant Vice President Fidelity Management & Research
Company, 82 Devonshire St., Boston,
MA 02109
John A. DeTore Prior to January, 1994, Director of
Managing Director Quantitative Portfolio Management,
Wellington Management, 75 State
Street, Boston, MA 02109
Theodore J. Deutz Prior to January, 1995, Senior Vice
Vice President President, Metropolitan West
Securities, Inc. 10880 Wilshire
Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA
90024
Michael G. Dolan Prior to February, 1994, Senior
Assistant Vice President Financial Analyst, General Electric
Company, 1000 Western Ave., Lynn, MA
01905
Joseph J. Eagleeye Prior to August, 1994, Associate,
Assistant Vice President David Taussig & Associates, 424
University Ave., Sacramento, CA
95813
Michael T. Fitzgerald Prior to September, 1994, Senior
Senior Vice President Vice President, Vantage Global
Advisers, 1201 Morningside Dr.,
Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
Roland Gillis Prior to March, 1995, Vice President
Senior Vice President and Senior Portfolio Manager,
Keystone Group, Inc., 200 Berkeley
St., Boston, MA 02116
Mark D. Goodwin Prior to May, 1994, Manager, Audit &
Assistant Vice President Operations Analysis, Mitre
Corporation, 202 Burlington Rd.,
Bedford, MA 01730
Stephen A. Gorman Prior to July, 1994, Financial
Assistant Vice President Analyst, Boston Harbor Trust
Company, 100 Federal St., Boston, MA
02110
Jill Grossberg Prior to March, 1995, Associate
Assistant Vice President Counsel, 440 Financial Group of
and Associate Counsel Worcester, Inc., 440 Lincoln St.,
Worcester, MA 01653; Prior to
November, 1993, Counsel, Berman
DeValerio & Pease, One Liberty
Square, Boston, MA 02109
Deborah R. Healey Prior to June, 1994, Senior Equity
Senior Vice President Trader, Fidelity Management &
Research Company, 82 Devonshire St.,
Boston, MA 02109
Lisa A. Heitman Prior to July, 1994, Securities
Senior Vice President Analyst, Lord, Abbett & Company, 767
Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10153
Pamela Holding Prior to May, 1995, Senior Securities
Vice President Analyst, Kemper Financial Services,
Inc., 120 South LaSalle St.,
Chicago, IL 60603
Michael F. Hotchkiss Prior to May, 1994, Vice President,
Vice President Massachusetts Financial Services,
500 Boylston St., Boston, MA 02116
<PAGE>
Walter Hunnewell, Jr. Prior to April, 1994, Managing
Vice President Director, Veronis, Suhler &
Associates, 350 Park Avenue, New
York, NY 10022
Joseph Joseph Prior to October, 1994, Managing
Vice President Director, Vert Independent Capital
Research, 53 Wall St., New York, NY
10052
Mary E. Kearney Prior to February, 1995, Partner,
Managing Director Price Waterhouse, 160 Federal St.,
Boston, MA 02110
D. William Kohli Prior to September, 1994, Executive
Managing Director Vice President and Co-Director of
Global Bond Management, Franklin
Advisors/Templeton Investment
Counsel, 777 Mariners Island Blvd.,
San Mateo, CA 94404
Karen R. Korn Prior to June, 1994, Vice President,
Vice President Assistant to the President, Designs,
Inc. 1244 Boylston St., Chestnut
Hill, MA 02167
Peter B. Krug Prior to January, 1995, Owner and
Vice President Director, Griswold Special Care, 42
Ethan Allen Drive, Acton, MA 01720
Catherine A. Latham Prior to August, 1995, Director of
Vice President Human Resources, Electronic Data
Systems, 1601 Trapello Rd., Waltham,
MA 02154
Kevin Lemire Prior to March, 1995, Corporate
Assistant Vice President Facilities Manager, Bose
Corporation, The Mountain,
Framingham, MA 01701; Prior to June,
1994, Facilities Manager, The
Pioneer Group, 60 State St., Boston,
MA 02109
Lawrence J. Lasser Director, Marsh & McLennan Companies,
President, Director Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas,
and Chief Executive New York, NY 10020; Director,
Officer INROADS/Central New England, Inc.,
99 Bedford St., Boston,MA 02111
Jeffrey R. Lindsey Prior to April, 1994, Vice President
Vice President and Board Member, Strategic
Portfolio Management, 900 Ashwood
Parkway, Suite 290, Atlanta, GA
30338
James W. Lukens Prior to February, 1995, Vice
Senior Vice President President of Institutional
Marketing, Keystone Group, Inc., 200
Berkeley St., Boston, MA 02116
Michael Martino Prior to January, 1994, Executive
Managing Director Vice President and Chief Investment
Officer until 1992
Helen Mazareas Prior to May, 1995, Librarian,
Assistant Vice President Scudder, Stevens & Clark, 2
International Place, Boston, MA
02110; Prior to January, 1994,
Systems Librarian, Goodwin, Procter
& Hoar, Exchange Place, Boston, MA
02109
Alexander J. McAuley Prior to June, 1995, Vice President,
Senior Vice President Deutsche Bank Securities Corp. -
Deutsche Asset Management, 1290
Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY
10019
Susan A. McCormack Prior to May, 1994, Associate
Vice President Investment Banker, Merrill Lynch &
Co., 350 South Grand Ave., Suite
2830, Los Angeles, CA 90071
Carol McMullen Prior to June, 1995, Senior Vice,
Managing Director President and Senior Portfolio
Manager, Baring Asset Management,
125 High Street, Boston, MA 02110
Darryl Mikami Prior to June, 1995, Vice President,
Senior Vice President Fidelity Management & Research
Company, 82 Devonshire St., Boston,
MA 02109
Carol H. Miller Prior to July, 1995, Business
Assistant Vice President Development Officer, Bank of Boston
- Connecticut, 100 Pearl St.,
Hartford, CT 06101
Seung H. Minn Prior to June, 1995, Vice President
Vice President in Portfolio Management and
Research, Templeton Quantitative
Advisors, Inc.,
Maziar Minovi Prior to January, 1995, Associate
Vice President Privatization Specialist, The
International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development, 1818
H St. N.W., Washington, DC 20433
Kenneth Mongtomery Prior to July, 1995, Senior Vice
Managing Director President and Director of World Wide
Sales, Chemcial Banking Corporation,
Paul G. Murphy Prior to January, 1995, Section
Assistant Vice President Manager, First Data Corp., 53 State
Street, Boston, MA 02109
C. Patrick O'Donnell, Jr. Prior to May, 1994, President,
Managing Director Exeter Research, Inc., 163 Water
Street, Exeter, New Hampshire, 03833
Brian O'Keefe Prior to December, 1993, Vice
Vice President President - Foreign Exchange Trader,
Bank of Boston, 100 Federal Street,
Boston, MA 02109
Margaret Pietropaolo Prior to January, 1994, Data Base/
Assistant Vice President Production Analyst, Wellington
Management, 75 State Street, Boston,
MA 02109
Jane E. Price Prior to February, 1995, Associate
Assistant Vice President ERISA Attorney, Hale & Dorr,
60 State St., Boston, MA 02109
Keith Quinton Prior to July, 1995, Vice President,
Senior Vice President Falconwood Securities Corporation.,
Paul T. Quistberg Prior to July, 1995, Assistant
Assistant Vice President Investment Officer, The Travelers
Insurance Group.,
George Putnam Chairman and Director, Putnam Mutual
Chairman and Director Funds Corp.; Director, The Boston
Company, Inc., One Boston Place,
Boston, MA 02108; Director, Boston
Safe Deposit and Trust Company, One
Boston Place, Boston, MA 02108;
Director, Freeport-McMoRan, Inc.,
200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166;
Director, General Mills, Inc., 9200
Wayzata Boulevard, Minneapolis, MN
55440; Director, Houghton Mifflin
Company, One Beacon Street, Boston,
MA 02108; Director, Marsh & McLennan
Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the
Americas, New York, NY 10020;
Director, Rockefeller Group, Inc.,
1230 Avenue of the Americas, New
York, NY 10020
Thomas Rosalanko Prior to February, 1995, Senior
Senior Vice President Account Manager, SEI Corporation,
680 East Swedesford Road, Wayne, PA
19807
Michael Scanlon Prior to February, 1995, Senior
Assistant Vice President Financial Analyst, Massachusetts
Financial Services, 500 Boylston
St., Boston, MA 02116
Robert M. Shafto Prior to January, 1995, Account
Assistant Vice President Manager, IBM Corporation, 404 Wyman
St., Waltham, MA 02254
Karen F. Smith Prior to May, 1994, Consultant and
Assistant Vice President Portfolio Manager, Wyatt Asset
Services, Inc., 1211 W.W. 5th Ave.,
Portland, OR 97204
Margaret Smith Prior to September, 1995, Vice
Senior Vice President President, State Street Research,
One Financial Center, Boston, MA
02111
Steven Spiegel Prior to December, 1994, Managing
Senior Managing Director Director/Retirement, Lehman
Brothers, Inc., 200 Vesey St., World
Financial Center, New York, NY 10285
George W. Stairs Prior to July, 1994, Equity Research
Vice President Analyst, ValueQuest Limited,
Roundy's Hill, Marblehead, MA 01945
James H. Steggall Prior to May, 1995, Senior Municipal
Assistant Vice President Analyst, Colonial Management
Associates, Inc., One Financial
Center, Boston, MA 02111; Prior to
May, 1994, Controller, Wheelabrator
Environmental Systems, Libery Lane,
Hampton, NH 03842
Karen Stewart Prior to May, 1995, Equity Research
Assistant Vice President Analyst, Chancellor Capital
Management, 1166 Avenue of the
Americas, New York, NY 10036
Roger Sullivan Prior to December, 1994, Vice
Senior Vice President President, State Street Research &
Management Co., One Financial
Center, Boston, MA 02111
Robert Swift Prior to August, 1995, Far East Team
Senior Vice President Leader and Portfolio Manager, IAI
International/Hill Samuel Investment
Advisors, 10 Fleet Place, London,
England
Jerry H. Tempelman Prior to May, 1994, Senior Money
Assistant Vice President Market Trader, State Street Bank &
Trust Co., 225 Franklin, Street,
Boston, MA 02110
Michael Temple Prior to June, 1995, Vice President,
Vice President Duff & Phelps, 55 East Monroe,
Chicago, IL 60613
Hillary F. Till Prior to May, 1994, Fixed-Income
Vice President Derivative Trader, Bank of Boston,
100 Federal Street, Boston, MA
02109; Prior to December, 1993,
Equity Analyst, Harvard Management
Company, 600 Atlantic St., Boston,
MA 02109
Lisa L. Trubiano Prior to July, 1995, Senior Marketing
Vice President Consultant, John Hancock Mutual Life
Insurance Company,
Elizabeth A. Underhill Prior to August, 1994, Vice President
Senior Vice President and Senior Equity Analyst, State
Street Bank and Trust Company, 225
Franklin St., Boston, MA 02110
Charles C. Van Vleet Prior to August, 1994, Vice President
Senior Vice President and Fixed-Income Manager, Alliance
Capital Management, 1345 Avenue of
the Americas, New York, NY 10105
Francis P. Walsh Prior to November, 1994, Research
Vice President Analyst, Furman, Selz, Inc. 230 Park
Avenue, New York, NY 10169; Prior to
December, 1993, Strategic Marketing
Analyst, Lotus Development,
Corporation 55 Cambridge Parkway,
Cambridge, MA 02142
Michael R. Weinstein Prior to March, 1994, Management
Vice President Consultant, Arthur D. Little, Acorn
Park, Cambridge, MA 02140
<PAGE>
Item 29. Principal Underwriter
(a) Putnam Mutual Funds Corp. is the principal underwriter for
each of the following investment companies, including the
Registrant:
Putnam Adjustable Rate U.S. Government Fund, Putnam American
Government Income Fund, Putnam American Renaissance Fund, Putnam
Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Asia Pacific Growth Fund,
Putnam Asset Allocation Funds, Putnam Balanced Retirement Fund,
Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Trust, Putnam California Tax
Exempt Money Market Fund, Putnam Capital Appreciation Fund,
Putnam Capital Manager Trust, Putnam Convertible Income-Growth
Trust, Putnam Diversified Equity Trust, Putnam Diversified Income
Trust, Putnam Equity Income Fund, Putnam Europe Growth Fund,
Putnam Federal Income Trust, Putnam Florida Tax Exempt Income
Fund, The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income, The George Putnam
Fund of Boston, Putnam Global Governmental Income Trust, Putnam
Global Growth Fund, Putnam Growth Fund, Putnam Growth and Income
Fund, Putnam Health Sciences Trust, Putnam High Yield Trust,
Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund, Putnam Income Fund, Putnam
Intermediate Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Intermediate U.S.
Government Income Fund, Putnam Investment Funds, Putnam
Investment-Grade Bond Fund, Putnam Investors Fund, Putnam
Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt
Income Fund, Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam
Money Market Fund, Putnam Municipal Income Fund, Putnam Natural
Resources Fund, Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam
New Opportunities Fund, Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Trust,
Putnam New York Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, Putnam New York Tax
Exempt Opportunities Fund, Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund,
Putnam OTC Emerging Growth Fund, Putnam Overseas Growth Fund,
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund, Putnam Preferred
Income Fund, Putnam Research Fund, Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund,
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund, Putnam Tax-Free Income
Trust, Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust, Putnam Utilities
Growth and Income Fund, Putnam Vista Fund, Putnam Voyager Fund<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(b) The directors and officers of the Registrant's principal underwriter are:
Positions and Offices Positions and Offices
Name with Underwriter with Registrant
<C> <C> <C>
John V. Adduci Assistant Vice President None
Christopher S. Alpaugh Vice President None
Paulette C. Amisano Vice President None
Ronald J. Anwar Vice President None
Steven E. Asher Senior Vice President None
Scott A. Avery Vice President None
Hallie L. Baron Assistant Vice President None
Ira G. Baron Senior Vice President None
John L. Bartlett Senior Vice President None
Dale Beardon Senior Vice President None
Steven M. Beatty Vice President None
Matthew F. Beaudry Vice President None
Janet S. Becker Assistant Vice President None
John J. Bent Vice President None
Thomas A. Beringer Vice President None
Sharon A. Berka Vice President None
Maureen L. Boisvert Vice President None
John F. Boneparth Managing Director None
Keith R. Bouchard Vice President None
Linda M. Brady Assistant Vice President None
Leslee R. Bresnahan Senior Vice President None
James D. Brockelman Senior Vice President None
Scott C. Brown Vice President None
Gail D. Buckner Senior Vice President None
Robert W. Burke Senior Managing Director None
Ellen S. Callahan Vice President None
Thomas C. Callahan Assistant Vice President None
Peter J. Campagna Vice President None
Robert Capone Vice President None
Charles A. Carey Vice President None
Patricia A. Cartwright Assistant Vice President None
Janet Casale-Sweeney Vice President None
Stephen J. Chaput Assistant Vice President None
Louis F. Chrostowski Vice President None
Daniel J. Church Vice President None
James E. Clinton Assistant Vice President None
Kathleen M. Collman Managing Director None
Mark L. Coneeny Vice President None
Donald A. Connelly Senior Vice President None
Karen E. Connolly Assistant Vice President None
Anna Coppola Vice President None
F. Nicholas Corvinus Senior Vice President None
Thomas A. Cosmer Vice President None
Chad H. Cristo Assistant Vice President None
Lisa M. D'Allesandro Assistant vice President None
Jessica E. Dahill Vice President None
Kenneth L. Daly Senior Vice President None
Edward H. Dane Vice President None
Nancy M. Days Assistant Vice President None
Pamela De Oliveira-Smith Assistant Vice President None
Richard D. DeSalvo Vice President None
Joseph C. DeSimone Assistant Vice President None
Daniel J. Delianedis Vice President None
Judith S. Deming Assistant Vice President None
Teresa F. Dennehy Assistant Vice President None
J. Thomas Despres Senior Vice President None
Michael G. Dolan Assistant Vice President None
Scott M. Donaldson Vice President None
Emily J. Durbin Vice President None
Dwyer Cabana, Susan Vice President None
David B. Edlin Senior Vice President None
James M. English Senior Vice President None
Vincent Esposito Managing Director None
Mary K. Farrell Assistant Vice President None
Michael J. Fechter Vice President None
Susan H. Feldman Vice President None
Paul F. Fichera Senior Vice President None
C. Nancy Fisher Senior Vice President None
Mitchell B. Fishman Senior Vice President None
Joseph C. Fiumara Vice President None
Patricia C. Flaherty Senior Vice President None
Samuel F. Gagliardi Vice President None
Karen M. Gardner Assistant Vice President None
Judy S. Gates Vice President None
Richard W. Gauger Assistant Vice President None
Joseph P. Gennaco Vice President None
Stephen E. Gibson Managing Director None
Mark P. Goodfellow Assistant Vice President None
Robert Goodman Managing Director None
Mark D. Goodwin Assistant Vice President None
Anthony J. Grace Assistant Vice President None
Linda K. Grace Assistant Vice President None
Robert G. Greenly Vice President None
Jill Grossberg Assistant Vice President None
Jeffrey P. Gubala Vice President None
James E. Halloran Vice President None
Thomas W. Halloran Vice President None
Meghan C. Hannigan Assistant Vice President None
Bruce D. Harrington Assistant Vice President None
Marilyn M. Hausammann Senior Vice President None
Howard W. Hawkins, III Vice President None
Deanna R. Hayes-Castro Vice President None
Paul P. Heffernan Vice President None
Susan M. Heimanson Vice President None
Joanne Heyman Assistant Vice President None
Bess J.M. Hochstein Vice President None
Maureen A. Holmes Assistant Vice President None
Paula J. Hoyt Assistant Vice President None
William J. Hurley Senior Vice President None
Gregory E. Hyde Senior Vice President None
Dwight D. Jacobsen Senior Vice President None
Douglas B. Jamieson Senior Managing Director, Director None
Jay M. Johnson Vice President None
Kevin M. Joyce Senior Vice President None
Karen R. Kay Senior Vice President None
Mary E. Kearney Managing Director None
John P. Keating Vice President None
A. Siobahn Kelly Assistant Vice President None
Brian J. Kelly Vice President None
Anne Kinsman Assistnat Vice President None
Deborah H. Kirk Senior Vice President None
Jill A. Koontz Assistant Vice President None
Linda G. Kraunelis Assistant Vice President None
Howard H. Kreutzberg Senior Vice President None
Marjorie B. Krieger Assistant Vice President None
Charles Lacasia Assistant Vice President None
Arthur B. Laffer, Jr. Vice President None
Catherine A. Lathan Vice President None
James D. Lathrop Vice President None
Charles C. Ledbetter Vice President None
Kevin Lemire Assistant Vice President None
Eric S. Levy Vice President None
Edward V. Lewandowski Senior Vice President None
Edward V. Lewandowski, Jr. Vice President None
Samuel L. Lieberman Vice President None
David M. Lifsitz Assistant Vice President None
Ann Marie Linehan Assistant Vice President None
Maura A. Lockwood Vice President None
Rufino R. Lomba Vice President None
Peter V. Lucas Senior Vice President None
Robert F. Lucey Senior Managing Director, Director None
Kathryn A. Lucier Assistant Vice President None
Alana Madden Vice President None
Ann Malatos Assistant Vice President None
Bonnie Mallin Vice President None
Renee L. Maloof Assistant Vice President None
Frederick S. Marius Assistant Vice President None
Karen E. Marotta Vice President None
Kathleen M. McAnulty Assistant Vice President None
Anne B. McCarthy Assistant Vice President None
Paul McConville Vice President None
Marla J. McDougall Assistant Vice President None
Walter S. McFarland Vice President None
Mark J. McKenna Senior Vice President None
Gregory J. McMillan Vice President None
Claye A. Metelmann Vice President None
J. Chris Meyer Senior Vice President None
Bart D. Miller Vice President None
Douglas W. Miller Vice President None
Jeffery M. Miller Senior Vice President None
Ronald K. Mills Vice President None
Peter M. Moore Assistant Vice President None
Mitchell Moret Senior Vice President None
Donald E. Mullen Vice President None
Paul G. Murphy Assistant Vice President None
Brendan R. Murray Vice President None
Robert Nadherny Vice President None
Alexander L. Nelson Managing Director None
John P. Nickodemus Vice President None
Michael C. Noonis Assistant Vice President None
Kristen P. O'Brien Vice President None
Kevin L. O'Shea Senior Vice President None
Nathan D. O'Steen Assistant Vice President None
Joseph R. Palombo Managing Director None
Scott A. Papes Vice President None
Cynthia O. Parr Vice President None
John D. Pataccoli Vice President None
John G. Phoenix Vice President None
Joseph Phoenix Senior Vice President None
Jeffrey E. Place Senior Vice President None
Keith Plapinger Vice President None
Jane E. Price Assistant Vice President None
Douglas H. Powell Vice President None
Susannah Psomas Vice President None
Scott M. Pulkrabek Vice President None
George Putnam Director Chairman & President
George A. Rio Senior Vice President None
Debra V. Rothman Vice President None
Robert B. Rowe Vice President None
Kevin A. Rowell Senior Vice President None
Thomas C. Rowley Vice President None
Charles A. Ruys de Perez Senior Vice President None
Deborah A. Ryan Assistant Vice President None
Robert M. Santosuosso Assistant Vice President None
Debra J. Sarkisian Assistant Vice President None
Catherine A. Saunders Senior Vice President None
Robbin L. Saunders Assistant Vice President None
Karl W. Saur Vice President None
Michael Scanlon Assistant Vice President None
Shannon D. Schofield Vice President None
Christine A. Scordato Vice President None
Joseph W. Scott Assistant Vice President None
John B. Shamburg Vice President None
Kathleen G. Sharpless Managing Director None
John F. Sharry Managing Director None
Stuart D. Sheppard Assistant Vice President None
William N. Shiebler Director and President Vice President
Daniel S. Shore Vice President None
Mark J. Siebold Assistant Vice President None
Gordon H. Silver Senior Managing Director Vice President
John Skistimas, Jr. Assistant Vice President None
Steven Spiegel Senior Managing Director None
Nicholas T. Stanojev Senior Vice President None
Paul R. Stickney Vice President None
Brian L. Sullivan Vice President None
Guy Sullivan Seniior Vice President None
Kevin J. Sullivan Vice President None
Moira Sullivan Vice President None
James S. Tambone Managing Director None
B. Iris Tanner Assistant Vice President None
Louis Tasiopoulos Managing Director None
David S. Taylor Vice President None
John R. Telling Vice President None
Richard B. Tibbetts Senior Vice President None
Patrice M. Tirado Vice President None
Janet E. Tosi Assistant Vice President None
John C. Tredinnick Vice President None
Bonnie L. Troped Vice President None
Christine M. Twigg Assistant Vice Presient None
Larry R. Unger Vice President None
Douglas J. Vander Linde Senior Vice President None
Edward F. Whalen Vice President None
Robert J. Wheeler Senior Vice President None
John B. White Vice President None
Kirk E. Williamson Senior Vice President None
Leigh T. Williamson Vice President None
Jane Wolfson Vice President None
Benjamin I. Woloshin Vice President None
William H. Woolverton Senior Vice President None
Timothy R. Young Vice President None
SooHee L. Zebedee Vice President None
Laura J. Zografos Vice President None
</TABLE>
The principal business address of each person listed above is One
Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109, except for:
Mr. Alpaugh, 5980 Richmond Highway, Alexandria, VA 22303
Mr. Anwar, 131 Crystal Road, Colmar, PA 18915
Mr. Avery, 7031 Spring Ridge Rd., Cary NC 27511
Mr. Baron, 31 Cala Moreya, Laguna Niguel, CA 92667
Mr. Bartlett, 7 Fairfield St., Boston, MA 02116
Mr. Beatty, 200 High St., Winchester, MA 01890
Mr. Beringer, 4915 Dupont Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55409
Ms. Besset, 1140 North LaSalle Blvd, Chicago, IL 60610
Mr. Bouchard, 18 Brice Rd., Annapolis, MD 21401
Mr. Brockelman, 94 Middleton Rd., Boxford, MA 01921
Mr. Brown, 2012 West Grove Drive, Gibson, PA 15044
Ms. Buckner, 21012 West Grove Drive, Gibsonia, PA 15044
Mr. Campagna, 2091-B Lake Park Drive, Smyrna, GA 30080
Ms. Castro, 26 Gould Road, Andover, MA 01810
Mr. Church, 4504 Sir Winston Place, Charlotte, NC 28211
Mr. Cristo, 11 Schenck Ave., Great Neck, NY 11021
Mr. Coneeny, 10 Amherst St., Arlington, MA 02174
Mr. Connelly, 4634 Mirada Way, Sarasota, FL 34238
Mr. Corvinus, 208 Water St., Newburyport, MA 01950
Ms. Dahill, 270-1 C Iven Ave., St. David's, PA 19087
Mr. Deliandis, 206 Promontory Drive, Newport Beach, CA 92660
Mr. DeSalvo, 54 Morriss Place, Maddison, NJ 07940
Mr. DeSimone, Pheasant Run Apartments, Inlet Ridge Drive,
Maryland Heights, MO 63043
Ms. Dwyer-Cabana, 7730 Herrick Park, Hudson, OH 44236
Mr. Edlin, 7 River Road, 305 Palmer Point, Cos Cob, CT 06807
Mr. English, 1184 Pintail Circle, Boulder, CO 80303
Mr. Goodman, 14 Clover Place, Cos Cob, CT 06807
Mr. Gubala, 4308 Rickover Drive, Dallas, TX 75244
Mr. J. Halloran, 978 W. Creek Lane, Westlake Village, CA 91362
Mr. T. Halloran, 19449 Misty Lake Dr., Strongsville, OH 44136
Mr. Hyde, 3305 Sulky, Marietta, GA 30067
Mr. Jacobsen, 2744 Joyce Ridge Drive, Chesterfield, MO 63017
Mr. Johnson, 200 Clock Tower Place, Carmel, CA 93923
Mr. Keating, 5521 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75206
Mr. Kelley, 3356 North Lakeharbor Lane, Boise, ID 83703
Ms. Kelly, 31 Jeffrey's Neck Road, Ipswich, MA 01938
Ms. Kinsman, 9599 Brookview Circle, Woodbury, MN 55125
Ms. Kirk, 124 Rivermist Dr., Buffalo, NY 14202
Ms. Kraunelis, 584 East Eighth St., South Boston, MA 02127
Mr. Lathrop, 14814 Straub Hill Lane, Chesterfield, MO 63017
Mr. Lewandowski, 805 Darrell Road, Hillsborough, CA 94010
Mr. Lewandowski, Jr., 1 Kara East, Irvine, CA 92720
Mr. Lieberman, 200 Roy St., Seattle, WA 98109
Ms. Madden, 8649 North Himes Avenue, Tampa, FL 33614
Mr. McConville, 515 S. Arlington Heights Rd., Arlington
Heights, IL 6005
Mr. McFarland, 8012 Dancing Fern Trail, Chattanooga, TN 37421
Mr. McMillan, 203 D. Zigler St., Zelienople, PA 16063
Mr. McMurtrie, 14529 Glastonbury, Detroit, MI 48223
Mr. B. Miller, 24815 Acropolis Drive, Mission Viejo, CA 92691
Mr. D. Miller, 70 Williams St., Greenwich, CT 06380
Mr. Moret, 4519 Lawn Avenue, Western Springs, IL 60558
Mr. Murray, 710 Cheyenne Drive, Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417
Mr. Nadherny, 9714 Marmount Drive, Seattle, WA 98117
Mr. Nickodemus, 463 Village Oaks Court, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Mr. O'Steen, 2091-B Lake Park Drive, Smyrna, GA 30080
Mr. Papes, 3102 Wood View Bridge Drive, Kansas City, KS 66103
Mr. Pataccoli, 333 39th St., Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
Mr. Joe Phoenix, 1426 Asbury Avenue, Hubbard Woods, IL 60093
Mr. John Phoenix, 709 South Rome Avenue, Tampa, FL 33606
Mr. Place, 4211 Loch Highland Parkway, Roswell, GA 30075
Mr. Pulkrabek, 190 Jefferson Lane, Streamwood, IL 60107
Mr. Powell, 1508 Ruth Lane, Newport Beach, CA 92660
Mr. Rowe, 109 Shore Drive, Longwood, FL 32779
Mr. Rowell, 2240 Union St., San Francisco, CA 94123
Mr. Rowley, 237 Peeke Avenue, Kirkwood, MO 63122
Ms. Sarkisian, 1 Goodridge Ct., Boston, MA 02113
Ms. Saunders, 39939 Stevenson Common, Freemont, CA 94538
Ms. Schofield, 618 Rimington Lane, Decatur, GA 30030
Mr. Shamburg, 10603 N. 100th Street, Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Mr. Shore, 2870 Pharr Court South, N.W., Atlanta, GA 30305
Mr. Stickney, 1314 Log Cabin Lane, St. Louis, MO 63124
Mr. B. Sullivan, 777 Pinoake Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15243
Mr. G. Sullivan, 35 Marlborough St., Boston, MA 02116
Ms. M. Sullivan, 493 Zinfandel Lane, St. Helena, CA 94574
Ms. Sweeney, 31 Heritage Way, Marblehead, MA 01945
Mr. Tambone, 10 Commercial Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
Mr. Tasiopolous, 5 Homestead Farms Drive, Norwell, MA 02061
Mr. Tredinnick, 2995 Glenwood Drive, Boulder, CO 80301
Mr. Telling, 5 Spindriff Court, Williamsville, NY 14221
Mr. Unger, 212 E. Broadway, New York, NY 10002
Mr. Williamson, 111 Maple Ridge Way, Covington, LA 70433
Mr. White, 10 Mannion Place, Littleton, MA 01460
Mr. Woloshin, 100 West 89th St., New York, NY 10024
Ms. Zografos, 12712 Coeur de Monde Ct., St. Louis, MO 63146
<PAGE>
ITEM 30. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS
Persons maintaining physical possession of accounts, books
and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of
the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules promulgated
thereunder are Registrants' Clerk, Beverly Marcus;
Registrants' investment adviser, Putnam Investment
Management, Inc.; Registrants' principal underwriter, Putnam
Mutual Funds Corp.; Registrants' custodian, Putnam Fiduciary
Trust Company ("PFTC"); and Registrants' transfer and dividend
disbursing agent, Putnam Investor Services, a division of PFTC.
The address of the Clerk, investment adviser, principal
underwriter, custodian and transfer and dividend disbursing agent
is One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.
ITEM 31. MANAGEMENT SERVICES
None.
ITEM 32. UNDERTAKINGS
Each Registrant undertakes to furnish to each person to whom
a prospectus of that Registrant is delivered a copy of that
Registrant's latest annual report to shareholders, upon request
and without charge.
<PAGE>
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
FOR PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the
Prospectuses and Statement of Additional Information constituting
parts of this Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the
Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 2-55091) and Post-
Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registration Statement
on Form N-1A (File No. 33-15238) for Putnam Money Market
Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund,
respectively, (the "Registration Statements") of our report dated
November 10, 1995 , relating to the financial statements
and financial highlights appearing in the September 30,
1995 Annual Report of Putnam Money Market Fund, which
financial statements and financial highlights are also
incorporated by reference into the Registration Statements. We
also consent to the references to us under the heading
"Independent Accountants and Financial Statements" in such
Statement of Additional Information and under the heading
"Financial highlights" in such Prospectuses.
PRICE WATERHOUSE LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
November 29, 1995
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
FOR PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Post-
Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registration Statement
of Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund on Form N-1A (File
No. 33-15238) of our report dated November 10, 1995 on our
audits of the financial statements and financial highlights of
the Fund, which report is included in the Annual Report for
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund for the year ended September
30, 1995 , which is incorporated by reference in the
Registration Statement.
We also consent to the references to our firm under
the caption "Independent Accountants and Financial Statements" in
the Statement of Additional Information and under the heading
financial highlights in the Prospectus .
COOPERS & LYBRAND L.L.P.
Boston, Massachusetts
November 29, 1995
<PAGE>
NOTICE
A copy of the Agreement and Declarations of Trust of Putnam
Money Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund is on
file with the Secretary of State of The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this instrument is
executed on behalf of each Registrant by an officer of each
Registrant as an officer and not individually and the obligations
of or arising out of this instrument are not binding upon any of
the Trustees, officers or shareholders individually but are
binding only upon the assets and property of the Registrants.
<PAGE>
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned Trustee of Putnam Money Market Fund,
hereby severally constitute and appoint George Putnam, Charles E.
Porter, Gordon H. Silver, Edward A. Benjamin, Timothy W. Diggins
and John W. Gerstmayr, and each of them singly, my true and
lawful attorneys, with full power to them and each of them, to
sign for me, and in my name and in the capacity indicated below,
the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Putnam Money Market
Fund and any and all amendments (including post-effective
amendments) to said Registration Statement and to file the same
with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection
therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting
unto my said attorneys, and each of them acting alone, full power
and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully to
all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, and
hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys or any of them
may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.
WITNESS my hand and seal on the date set forth below.
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
/s/ Eli Shapiro
- --------------------- Trustee July 13, 1995
Eli Shapiro
<PAGE>
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned Trustee of Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market
Fund, hereby severally constitute and appoint George Putnam,
Charles E. Porter, Gordon H. Silver, Edward A. Benjamin, Timothy
W. Diggins and John W. Gerstmayr, and each of them singly, my
true and lawful attorneys, with full power to them and each of
them, to sign for me, and in my name and in the capacity
indicated below, the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund and any and all amendments
(including post-effective amendments) to said Registration
Statement and to file the same with all exhibits thereto, and
other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, granting unto my said attorneys, and each of
them acting alone, full power and authority to do and perform
each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in
the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or
could do in person, and hereby ratify and confirm all that said
attorneys or any of them may lawfully do or cause to be done by
virtue thereof.
WITNESS my hand and seal on the date set forth below.
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
/s/ Eli Shapiro
- --------------------- Trustee May 4, 1995
Eli Shapiro
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933
and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrants
have duly caused this Amendment to their Registration Statements
to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Boston, and The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, on the 30th day of November, 1995 .
PUTNAM MONEY MARKET FUND
PUTNAM TAX EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUND
By: Gordon H. Silver, Vice President
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933,
this Amendment to the Registration Statements of Putnam Money
Market Fund and Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund have been
signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on
the dates indicated:
SIGNATURE TITLE
George Putnam President and Chairman of the Board;
Principal Executive Officer; Trustee
William F. Pounds Vice Chairman; Trustee
John D. Hughes Vice President; Treasurer and
Principal Financial Officer
Paul G. Bucuvalas Assistant Treasurer and Principal
Accounting Officer
Jameson A. Baxter Trustee
Hans H. Estin Trustee
John A. Hill Trustee
Elizabeth T. Kennan Trustee
Lawrence J. Lasser Trustee
Robert E. Patterson Trustee
Donald S. Perkins Trustee
George Putnam, III Trustee
Eli Shapiro Trustee
A.J.C. Smith Trustee
<PAGE>
W. Nicholas Thorndike Trustee
By: Gordon H. Silver,
as Attorney-in-Fact
November 30, 1995
DEALER SALES CONTRACT
Between: PUTNAM MUTUAL FUNDS CORP. and
General Distributor of
The Putnam Family of Mutual Funds
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
As general distributor of The Putnam Family of Mutual Funds (the
"Funds"), we agree to sell you shares of beneficial interest
issued by the Funds (the "Shares"), subject to any limitations
imposed by any of the Funds and to confirmation by us in each
instance of such sales. By your acceptance hereof, you agree to
all of the following terms and conditions:
1. OFFERING PRICE AND FEES
The public offering price at which you may offer the Shares is
the net asset value thereof, as computed from time to time, plus
any applicable sales charge described in the then-current
Prospectus of the applicable Fund. As compensation for each sale
of Shares made by you, you will be allowed the dealer discount if
any, on such Shares described in the then-current Prospectus of
the Fund whose Shares are sold. We reserve the right to revise
the dealer discount referred to herein upon ten days' written
notice to you. We will furnish you upon request with the public
offering prices for the Shares, and you agree to quote such
prices in connection with any Shares offered by you for sale.
Your attention is specifically called to the fact that each sale
is always made subject to confirmation by us at the public
offering price next computed after receipt of the order. There
is no sales charge or dealer discount to dealers on the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions.
In addition to the dealer discount, if any, allowed pursuant to
the foregoing provisions of this Section 1, we may, at our
expense, provide additional promotional incentives or payments to
dealers. If non-cash concessions are provided, each dealer
earning such a concession may elect to receive an amount in cash
equivalent to the cost of providing such concessions. Notice of
the availability of concessions will be given to you by us. All
dealer discounts, promotional incentives, payments and
concessions will be made by us in accordance with National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASD") guidelines and
rules.
<PAGE>
2. MANNER OF OFFERING,
SELLING AND PURCHASING SHARES
We have delivered to you a copy of each Fund's current Prospectus
and will provide you with such number of copies of each Fund's
Prospectus, Statement of Additional Information and shareholder
reports and of supplementary sales materials prepared by us, as
you may reasonably request. You will offer and sell the Shares
only in accordance with the terms and conditions of the current
Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of the
applicable Fund. Neither you nor any other person is authorized
to give any information or to make any representations other than
those contained in such Prospectuses, Statements of Additional
Information and shareholder reports or in such supplementary
sales materials. You agree that you will not use any other
offering materials for the Funds without our written consent.
You hereby agree:
(i) to exercise your best efforts to find purchasers for
the Shares of the Funds,
(ii) to furnish to each person to whom any sale is made a
copy of the then-current Prospectus of the applicable fund,
(iii) to transmit to us promptly upon receipt any and all
orders received by you, and
(iv) to pay to us the offering price, less any dealer
discount to which you are entitled, within three (3)
business days of our confirmation of your order, or such
shorter time as may be required by law. If such payment is
not received within said time period, we reserve the right,
without prior notice, to cancel the sale, or at our option
to return the Shares to the issuer for redemption or
repurchase. In the latter case, we shall have the right to
hold you responsible for any loss resulting to us. Should
payment be made by check on your local bank, liquidation of
Shares may be delayed pending clearance of your check. You
agree to issue confirmations promptly for all accepted
purchase orders for accounts held in street name. You shall
make all sales subject to our confirmation. All orders are
subject to acceptance or rejection by us in our sole
discretion, and by the Funds in their sole discretion. The
procedure stated herein relating to the pricing and handling
of orders shall be subject to instructions which we may
forward to you from time to time.
3. COMPLIANCE WITH LAW
You hereby represent that you are registered as a broker-dealer
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are
licensed and qualified as a broker-dealer or otherwise authorized
to offer and sell the Shares under the laws of each jurisdiction
in which the Shares will be offered and sold by you. You further
confirm that you are a member in good standing of the NASD and
agree to maintain such membership in good standing or, in the
alternative, you are a foreign dealer not eligible for membership
in the NASD.
You agree that in selling Shares you will comply with all
applicable laws, rules and regulations, including the applicable
provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the
applicable rules and regulations of the NASD, and the applicable
rules and regulations of any jurisdiction in which you sell,
directly or indirectly, any Shares. You agree not to offer for
sale or sell the Shares in any jurisdiction in which the Shares
are not qualified for sale or in which you are not qualified as a
broker-dealer.
4. RELATIONSHIP WITH DEALERS
In offering and selling Shares under this Contract, you shall be
acting as principal and nothing herein shall be construed to
constitute you or any of your agents, employees or
representatives as our agent or employee, or as an agent or
employee of the Funds. As general distributor of the Funds, we
shall have full authority to take such action as we may deem
advisable in respect of all matters pertaining to the
distribution of the Shares. We shall not be under any obligation
to you, except for obligations expressly assumed by us in this
Contract.
5. TERMINATION
Either party hereto may terminate this Contract, without cause,
upon ten days' written notice to the other party. We may
terminate this Contract for cause upon the violation by you of
any of the provisions hereof, such termination to become
effective on the date such notice of termination is mailed to
you. This Contract shall terminate automatically if either Party
ceases to be a member of the NASD.
6. ASSIGNABILITY
This Contract is not assignable or transferable, except that we
may assign or transfer this Contract to any successor which
becomes general distributor of the Funds.
7. GOVERNING LAW
This Contract and the rights and obligations of the parties
hereunder shall be governed by and construed under the laws of
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
If the foregoing correctly sets forth our understanding, please
indicate your acceptance thereof in the space provided below for
that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding
agreement between us.
Very truly yours,
PUTNAM MUTUAL FUNDS CORP.
By:
------------------------------
William N. Shiebler, President
and Chief Executive Officer
We accept and agree to the foregoing Contract as of the date set
forth below.
Please indicate which best Dealer:-------------
describes your firm's entity:
/ / Partnership --------------------
/ / Corporation
By: --------------------
/ / Other - please specify: Authorized
Signature, Title
---------------------
-------------------------
Please provide your organization's
Tax Identification Number on the -------------------------
following line: Address
- ---------------------------- Dated:-------------------
Please return the signed Putnam copy to Putnam Mutual Funds
Corp., P.O. Box 41203, Providence, RI 02940-1203
Approval:---------------------
Date required:----------------
NF-22.94
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION SALES CONTRACT
Between: and
PUTNAM MUTUAL FUNDS CORP.
General Distributor of
The Putnam Family of Mutual Funds
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
As general distributor of The Putnam Family of Mutual Funds (the
"Funds"), we agree that you will make available to your
customers, under an agency relationship with your customers,
shares of beneficial interest issued by the Funds (the "Shares"),
subject to any limitations imposed by any of the Funds and to
confirmation by us of each transaction. By your acceptance
hereof, you agree to all of the following terms and conditions:
1. OFFERING PRICES AND FEES
The public offering price at which you may make the Shares
available to your customers is the net asset value thereof, as
computed from time to time, plus any applicable sales charge
described in the then-current Prospectus of the applicable Fund.
In the case of purchases by you, as agent for your customers, of
Shares sold with a sales charge, you shall receive an agency
commission consisting of a portion of the public offering price,
determined on the same basis as the "dealer discount" described
in the then-current Prospectus of the Fund, and such other
compensation to dealers as may be described therein, which shall
be payable to you at the same time and on the same basis as the
same is paid to such dealers, consistent with applicable law,
rules and regulations. In determining the amount of any agency
commission payable to you hereunder, we reserve the right to
exclude any purchases for any accounts which we reasonably
determine are not made in accordance with the terms of the
applicable Fund Prospectus and the provisions of this Contract.
We reserve the right to revise the agency commission referred to
herein upon ten days' written notice to you. We will furnish you
upon request with the public offering prices for the Shares, and
you agree to quote such prices in connection with any Shares made
available by you as agent for your customers. Your attention is
specifically called to the fact that each purchase of Shares by
your customers is always made subject to confirmation by us at
the public offering price next computed after receipt of the
order. There is no sales charge or agency commission to you on
the reinvestment of dividends and distributions.
<PAGE>
2. MANNER OF MAKING SHARES AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE
We will, upon request, deliver to you a copy of each Fund's then-
current Prospectus and will provide you with such number of
copies of each Fund's then-current Prospectus, Statement of
Additional Information and shareholder reports and of
supplementary sales materials prepared by us, as you may
reasonably request. It shall be your obligation to ensure that
all such information and materials are distributed to your
customers who own Shares, in accordance with securities and/or
banking law and regulations and any other applicable regulations.
Neither you nor any other person is authorized to give any
information or to make any representations other than those
contained in such Prospectuses, Statements of Additional
Information and shareholder reports or in such supplementary
sales materials. You shall not furnish or cause to be furnished
to any person, display or publish any information or materials
relating to any Fund (including, without limitation, promotional
materials and sales literature, advertisements, press releases,
announcements, statements, posters, signs or other similar
material), except such information and materials as may be
furnished to you by us or the Fund, and such other information
and materials as may be approved in writing by us.
You hereby agree:
(i) to not purchase any Shares as agent for any customer,
unless you deliver or cause to be delivered to such
customer, at or prior to the time of such purchase, a copy
of the then-current Prospectus of the applicable Fund unless
such customer has acknowledged receipt of the Prospectus of
such Fund. You hereby represent that you understand your
obligation to deliver a prospectus to customers who purchase
Shares pursuant to federal securities laws and you have
taken all necessary steps to comply with such prospectus
delivery requirements;
(ii)to transmit to us promptly upon receipt any and all
orders received by you, it being understood that no
conditional orders will be accepted;
(iii) to obtain from each customer for whom you act as agent
for the purchase of Shares any taxpayer identification
number certification and backup withholding information
required under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
from time to time (the "Code"), and the regulations
promulgated thereunder, or other sections of the Code which
may become applicable, and to provide us or our designee
with timely written notice of any failure to obtain such
taxpayer identification number certification or information
in order to enable the implementation of any required backup
withholding in accordance with the Code and the regulations
thereunder; and
(iv) to pay to us the offering price, less any agency
commission to which you are entitled, within three (3)
business days of our confirmation of your customer's order,
or such shorter time as may be required by law. You may,
subject to our approval, remit the total public offering
price to us, and we will return to you your agency
commission. If such payment is not received within said
time period, we reserve the right, without prior notice, to
cancel the sale, or at our option to return the Shares to
the issuer for redemption or repurchase. In the latter
case, we shall have the right to hold you responsible for
any loss resulting to us. Should payment be made by local
bank check, liquidation of Shares may be delayed pending
clearance of your check.
Unless otherwise mutually agreed in writing or except as provided
below, each transaction placed by you shall be promptly confirmed
by us in writing to you, and shall be confirmed to the customer
promptly upon receipt by us of instructions from you as to such
customer. In the case of a purchase order by customer's
application, each transaction shall be promptly confirmed in
writing directly to the customer and a copy of each confirmation
shall be sent simultaneously to you. We reserve the right, at
our discretion and without notice, to suspend the sale of Shares
or withdraw entirely the sale of Shares of any or all of the
Funds. All orders are subject to acceptance or rejection by us
in our sole discretion, and by the Funds in their sole
discretion. The procedure stated herein relating to the pricing
and handling of orders shall be subject to instructions which we
may forward to you from time to time.
3. COMPLIANCE WITH LAW
You hereby represent that you are either (1) a "bank" as defined
in Section 3(a)(6) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the "Exchange Act"), and at the time of each transaction
in shares of the Funds, are not required to register as a broker-
dealer under the Exchange Act or regulations thereunder; or (2)
registered as a broker-dealer under the Exchange Act, a member in
good standing of the National Association of Securities Dealers,
Inc. ("NASD") and affiliated with a bank.
(a) If you are a bank, not required to register as a broker-
dealer under the Exchange Act: You further represent and warrant
to us that with respect to any sales in the United States, you
will use your best efforts to ensure that any purchase of Shares
by your customers constitutes a suitable investment for such
customers. You shall not effect any transaction in, or induce
any purchase or sale of, any Shares by means of any manipulative,
deceptive or other fraudulent device or contrivance, and shall
otherwise deal equitably and fairly with your customers with
respect to transactions in Shares of a Fund.
(b)If you are a NASD member broker-dealer affiliated with a
bank and registered under the Exchange Act: You further
represent and warrant to us that with respect to any sales in the
United States, you agree to abide by all of the applicable laws,
rules and regulations including applicable provisions of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the applicable rules and
regulations of the NASD, including, without limitation, its Rules
of Fair Practice, and the applicable rules and regulations of any
jurisdiction in which you make Shares available for sale to your
customers. You agree not to make available for sale to your
customers the Shares in any jurisdiction in which the Shares are
not qualified for sale or in which you are not qualified as a
broker-dealer. We shall have no obligation or responsibility as
to your right to make Shares of any Funds available to your
customers in any jurisdiction. You agree to notify us
immediately in the event of (i) your expulsion or suspension from
the NASD or your becoming subject to any enforcement action by
the Securities and Exchange Commission, NASD, or any other self-
regulatory organization, or (ii) your violation of any applicable
federal or state law, rule or regulation including, but not
limited to, those of the SEC, NASD or other self-regulatory
organization, arising out of or in connection with this
Agreement, or which may otherwise affect in any material way your
ability to act in accordance with the terms of this Contract.
You shall not make Shares of any Fund available to your
customers, including your fiduciary customers, except in
compliance with all federal and state laws and rules and
regulations of regulatory agencies or authorities applicable to
you, or any of your affiliates engaging in such activity, which
may affect your business practices. You confirm that you are not
in violation of any banking law or regulations as to which you
are subject.
4. RELATIONSHIP WITH CUSTOMER
With respect to any and all transactions in the Shares of any
Fund pursuant to this Contract, it is understood and agreed in
each case that: (a) you shall be acting solely as agent for the
account of your customer; (b) each transaction shall be initiated
solely upon the order of your customer; (c) we shall execute
transactions only upon receiving instructions from you acting as
agent for your customer or upon receiving instructions directly
from your customer; (d) as between you and your customer, your
customer will have full beneficial ownership of all Shares; (e)
each transaction shall be for the account of your customer and
not for your account; and (f) unless otherwise agreed in writing
we will serve as a clearing broker for you on a fully disclosed
basis, and you shall serve as the introducing agent for your
customers' accounts. Subject to the foregoing, however, and
except for Shares sold subject to a contingent deferred sales
charge, you may maintain record ownership of such customers'
Shares in an account registered in your name or the name of your
nominee, for the benefit of such customers. With respect to
Shares sold subject to a contingent deferred sales charge, you
agree not to hold shares of such Funds in an account registered
in your name or in the name of your nominee for the benefit of
certain of your customers. You understand that such Shares must
be held in a separate account for each shareholder of such Funds.
Each transaction shall be without recourse to you provided that
you act in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. You
represent and warrant to us that you will have full right, power
and authority to effect transactions (including, without
limitation, any purchases and redemptions) in Shares on behalf of
all customer accounts provided by you.
5. RELATIONSHIP WITH FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
Neither this Contract nor the performance of the services of the
respective parties hereunder shall be considered to constitute an
exclusive arrangement, or to create a partnership, association or
joint venture between you and us. In making available Shares of
the Funds under this Contract, nothing herein shall be construed
to constitute you or any of your agents, employees or
representatives as our agent or employee, or as an agent or
employee of the Funds, and you shall not make any representations
to the contrary. As general distributor of the Funds, we shall
have full authority to take such action as we may deem advisable
in respect of all matters pertaining to the distribution of the
Shares. We shall not be under any obligation to you, except for
obligations expressly assumed by us in this Contract.
6. TERMINATION
Either party hereto may terminate this Contract, without cause,
upon ten days' written notice to the other party. We may
terminate this Contract for cause upon the violation by you of
any of the provisions hereof, such termination to become
effective on the date such notice of termination is mailed to
you. If you are registered as a broker-dealer and affiliated
with a bank, this Contract shall terminate automatically if
either Party ceases to be a member of the NASD.
7. ASSIGNABILITY
This Contract is not assignable or transferable, except that we
may assign or transfer this Contract to any successor which
becomes general distributor of the Funds.
<PAGE>
8. MISCELLANEOUS
(a) All communications mailed to us should be sent to the above
address. Any notice to you shall be duly given if mailed or
delivered to you at the address specified by you below.
(b)This Contract constitutes the entire agreement and
understanding between the parties and supercedes any and all
prior agreements between the parties.
(c)This Contract and the rights and obligations of the parties
hereunder shall be governed by and construed under the laws of
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Very truly yours,
PUTNAM MUTUAL FUNDS CORP.
By: ------------------------------
William N. Shiebler, President
and Chief Executive Officer
We accept and agree to the foregoing Contract as of the date
set forth below.
Financial Institution: ---------------------------
By: ----------------------------
Authorized Signature, Title
----------------------------
----------------------------
Address
Dated: ----------------------------
Please return the signed Putnam copy of this sales Contract to
Putnam Mutual Funds Corp., P. O. Box 41203, Providence, RI
02940-1203
NF-59.94
ROPES & GRAY
One International Place
Boston, Massachusetts 02110-2624
(617) 951-7000
November 27, 1995
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund (the "Fund")
One Post Office Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
Gentlemen:
You have informed us that you propose to offer and sell from time to time
52,216,411 of your shares of beneficial interest (the "Shares"), for cash or
securities at the net asset value per share, determined in accordance with your
Bylaws, which Shares are in addition to your shares of beneficial interest which
you have previously offered and sold or which you are currently offering.
We have examined copies of (i) your Agreement and Declaration of Trust as
on file at the office of the Secretary of State of The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, which provides for an unlimited number of authorized shares of
beneficial interest, and (ii) your Bylaws, which provide for the issue and sale
by the Fund of such Shares.
We assume that appropriate action will be taken to register or qualify the
sale of the Shares under any applicable state and federal laws regulating
offerings and sales of securities.
Based upon the foregoing, we are of the opinion that:
1. The Fund is a legally organized and validly existing voluntary
association with transferable shares of beneficial interest under the laws of
The
Commonwealth of Massachusetts and is authorized to issue an unlimited number of
shares of beneficial interest.
2. Upon the issue of any of the Shares referred to in the first
paragraph hereof for cash or securities at net asset value, and the receipt of
the appropriate consideration therefor as provided in your Bylaws, such Shares
so issued will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable by the Fund.
The Fund is an entity of the type commonly known as a "Massachusetts
business trust". Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain
circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund.
However, the Agreement and Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability
for acts or obligations of the Fund and requires that notice of such disclaimer
be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by
the Fund or its Trustees. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides for
indemnification out of the property of the Fund for all loss and expense of any
shareholder of the Fund held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund
solely by reason of his being or having been a shareholder. Thus, the risk of
a shareholder's incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is
limited to circumstances in which the Fund itself would be unable to meet its
obligations.
<PAGE>
ROPES & GRAY
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -2- November 27, 1995
We understand that this opinion is to be used in connection with the
registration of the Shares for offering and sale pursuant to the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended, and the provisions of Rule 24e-2 under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended. We consent to the filing of this opinion with
and as a part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to your Registration Statement
No. 2-55091.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Ropes & Gray
Ropes & Gray
s:\shared\funds\new\A25R&G24
DEALER SERVICE AGREEMENT
Between: and
PUTNAM MUTUAL FUNDS CORP.
General Distributor of
The Putnam Family of Mutual Funds
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
We are pleased to inform you that, pursuant to the terms of this
Dealer Service Agreement, we are authorized to pay you service
fees in connection with the accounts of your customers that hold
shares of certain Putnam funds listed in SCHEDULE 1 that have
adopted distribution plans pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (the "12b-1
Funds"). Payment of the service fees is subject to your initial
and continuing satisfaction of the following terms and conditions
which may be revised by us from time to time:
1. QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
(a) You have entered into a Sales Contract with us with respect
to the Putnam Family of Mutual Funds (the "Putnam Funds").
(b) You are the dealer of record for accounts in Putnam Funds
having an aggregate average net asset value of at least the
minimum amount set forth in SCHEDULE 2 (DEALER FIRM REQUIREMENTS)
during the period for which a service fee is to be paid. Putnam
Fund accounts are accounts in any open-end Putnam Fund, but
excluding any accounts for your firm's own retirement plans.
(c) One or more of your current employees must be the designated
registered representative(s) on accounts in Putnam Funds having
an aggregate average net asset value of at least the minimum
amount set forth in SCHEDULE 2 (REGISTERED REPRESENTATIVE
REQUIREMENTS) during the period for which a service fee is to be
paid.
(d) You will provide the following information and agree that we
will be entitled to rely on the accuracy of such information in
updating our records for determining the levels of service fees
payable to you under the terms of this Agreement. You understand
that such payments will be based solely on Putnam's records.
For each Putnam Fund account registered in the name of
one of your customers, you will advise us, preferably
by electronic means, before the end of the second month
in each calendar quarter, of the registered
representative's name, identification number, branch
number, and telephone number.
2. SERVICE FEES
(a) If you meet the qualification requirements set forth above
in Paragraph 1, you will be paid a service fee on assets in the
12b-1 Funds for which you are the dealer of record and which are
serviced by a registered representative of your firm meeting the
Registered Representative Requirements, if any, at the annual
rates specified in SCHEDULE 3 (excluding any accounts for your
firm's own retirement plans).
(b) You understand and agree that:
(i) all service fee payments are subject to the
limitations contained in each 12b-1 Fund's Distribution
Plan, which may be varied or discontinued at any time;
(ii) your failure to provide the services described in
Paragraph 4 below as may be amended by us from time to
time, or otherwise comply with the terms of this
Agreement, will render you ineligible to receive
service fees; and
(iii) failure of an assigned registered representative
to provide services required by this Agreement will
render that representative's accounts ineligible as
accounts on which service fees are paid.
3. PAYMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS TO REGISTERED REPRESENTATIVES
(a) You will pass through to your registered representatives a
significant share of the service fees paid to you pursuant to
this Agreement.
(b) You will assist us in distributing to your registered
representatives periodic statements which we will have prepared
showing the aggregate average net asset value of shares in Putnam
Funds with which they are credited on our records.
<PAGE>
4. REQUIRED SERVICES
(a) You will assign one of your registered representatives to
each Putnam Fund account on your records and reassign the Putnam
Fund account should that representative leave your firm.
(b) You and your registered representatives will assist us and
our affiliates in providing the following services to
shareholders of the Putnam Funds:
(i) Maintain regular contact with shareholders in
assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries
concerning the Putnam Funds.
(ii) Assist in distributing sales and service
literature provided by us, particularly to the
beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name
(nominee name accounts).
(iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment
and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records.
(iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative
changes, such as changing dividend options, account
designations, address, automatic investment programs or
systematic investment plans.
(v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption
transactions.
(vi) Provide any other information or services as the
customer or we may reasonably request.
(c) You will support our marketing efforts by granting
reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers
and by including all Putnam Funds on your "approved" list.
(d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in
this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by
surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring
redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by
such other methods as we deem appropriate.
(e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from
time to time upon notice to you.
5. AMENDMENT
This Agreement, including any Schedule hereto, shall be deemed
amended as provided in any written notice delivered by us to you.
6. EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION
The provisions of this Agreement shall remain in effect for not
more than one year from the date of its execution or adoption and
thereafter for successive annual periods only so long as such
continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the
Trustees of each of the 12b-1 Funds in conformity with Rule 12b-1
under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"). This
Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of its
assignment (as defined by the 1940 Act). In addition, this
Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of
any penalty, by either party upon written notice delivered or
mailed by registered mail, postage prepaid, to the other party,
or, as provided in Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, by the Trustees
of any 12b-1 Fund or by the vote of the holders of the
outstanding voting securities of any 12b-1 Fund.
7. WRITTEN REPORTS
Putnam Mutual Funds Corp. shall provide the Trustees of each of
the 12b-1 Funds, and such Trustees shall review at least
quarterly, a written report of the amounts paid to you under this
Agreement and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.
8. MISCELLANEOUS
(a) All communications mailed to us should be sent to the
address listed below. Any notice to you shall be duly given if
mailed or delivered to you at the address specified by you below.
(b) The provisions of this Agreement shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts.
Very truly yours,
PUTNAM MUTUAL FUNDS CORP.
By: ------------------------------
William N. Shiebler, President
and Chief Executive Officer
<PAGE>
We accept and agree to the foregoing Agreement as of the date set
forth below.
Dealer: -------------------------
By: ----------------------------
Authorized Signature, Title
------------------------------
------------------------------
Address
Dated: -------------------------
Please return the signed Putnam copy of this Agreement to Putnam
Mutual Funds Corp., P.O. Box 41203, Providence, RI 02940-1203.
<PAGE>
SCHEDULE 1: THE 12B-1 FUNDS
Service fees will be paid on the following Putnam Funds at the
rates set forth in the Prospectus of that Fund:
Putnam Adjustable Rate U.S. Government Fund
Putnam American Government Income Fund
Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Asia Pacific Growth Fund
Putnam Asset Allocation Funds
-Putnam Asset Allocation: Growth Portfolio
-Putnam Asset Allocation: Balanced Portfolio
-Putnam Asset Allocation: Conservative Portfolio
Putnam Balanced Retirement Fund
Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Trust
-Putnam California Intermediate Tax Exempt Fund
-Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Capital Appreciation Fund
Putnam Convertible Income-Growth Trust
Putnam Diversified Equity Trust
Putnam Diversified Income Trust
Putnam Equity Income Fund
Putnam Europe Growth Fund
Putnam Federal Income Trust
Putnam Florida Tax Exempt Income Fund
The George Putnam Fund of Boston
Putnam Global Governmental Income Trust
Putnam Global Growth Fund
The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income
Putnam Growth and Income Fund II
Putnam Health Sciences Trust
Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund
Putnam High Yield Trust
Putnam Income Fund
Putnam Intermediate Tax Exempt Fund
Putnam Intermediate U.S. Government Fund
Putnam Investment Funds
-Putnam International New Opportunities Fund
Putnam Investors Fund
Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Money Market Fund
Putnam Municipal Income Fund
Putnam Natural Resources Fund
Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam New Opportunities Fund
Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Trust
-Putnam New York Intermediate Tax Exempt Fund
-Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam New York Tax Exempt Opportunities Fund
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam OTC Emerging Growth Fund
Putnam Overseas Growth Fund
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Preferred Income Trust
Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Tax-Free Income Trust
-Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund
-Putnam Tax-Free Insured Fund
Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust
Putnam Utilities Growth and Income Fund
Putnam Vista Fund
Putnam Voyager Fund
Putnam Voyager Fund II
SCHEDULE 2: MINIMUM ASSETS
DEALER FIRM REQUIREMENTS. The minimum aggregate average net
asset value of all accounts in Putnam Funds specified by
Paragraph 1(b) is $250,000. We will review this requirement
prior to the start of each year and inform you of any changes.
REGISTERED REPRESENTATIVE REQUIREMENTS. With respect to
Paragraph 1(c), there is no minimum asset qualification
requirement in the Putnam Funds applicable to each of your
representatives. We will review this requirement prior to the
start of each year and inform you of any changes.
NF-57
10/2/95
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
SERVICE AGREEMENT
Between: and
PUTNAM MUTUAL FUNDS CORP.
General Distributor of
The Putnam Family of Mutual Funds
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
We are pleased to inform you that, pursuant to the terms of this
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION SERVICE AGREEMENT, we are authorized to pay
you service fees in connection with the accounts of your
customers that hold shares of certain Putnam funds listed in
SCHEDULE 1 that have adopted distribution plans pursuant to Rule
12b-1 (the "12b-1 Funds"). Payment of the service fees is
subject to your initial and continuing satisfaction of the
following terms and conditions which may be revised by us from
time to time:
1. QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
(a) You have entered into a Financial Institution Sales Contract
with us with respect to the Putnam Family of Mutual Funds (the
"Putnam Funds"), whose shares you have agreed to make available
to your customers on an agency basis.
(b) You are the financial institution of record for accounts in
Putnam Funds having an aggregate average net asset value of at
least the minimum amount set forth in SCHEDULE 2 (FINANCIAL
INSTITUTION REQUIREMENTS) during the period for which a service
fee is to be paid. Putnam Fund accounts are accounts in any
open-end Putnam Fund but excluding any accounts for your
organization's own retirement plans.
(c) One or more of your current employees must be the designated
registered representative(s) in the case of a bank affiliated
dealer, or agent representative(s) in the case of a bank (both
referred to as "representatives"), on accounts in Putnam Funds
having an aggregate average net asset value of at least the
minimum amount set forth in SCHEDULE 2 (REPRESENTATIVE
REQUIREMENTS) during the period for which a service fee is to be
paid.
(d) You will provide the following information and agree that we
will be entitled to rely on the accuracy of such information in
updating our records for determining the levels of service fees
payable to you under the terms of this Agreement. You understand
that such payments will be based solely on Putnam's records:
<PAGE>
For each Putnam Fund account registered in the name of one
of your customers, you will advise us, preferably by
electronic means, before the end of the second month in each
calendar quarter, of the representative's name,
identification number, branch number, and telephone number.
2. SERVICE FEES
(a) If you meet the qualification requirements set forth above in
Paragraph 1, you will be paid, at the end of each calendar
quarter, a service fee on assets of your customers in the 12b-1
Funds for which you are the financial institution of record and
which are serviced by a representative of your organization
meeting the Representative Requirements, if any at the annual
rates specified in SCHEDULE 3 (excluding any accounts for your
organization's own retirement plans), provided that you have
evaluated such service fees and have concluded that it is
consistent with applicable laws, rules, regulations and
regulatory interpretations for you to receive such service fees.
(b) You understand and agree that:
(i) all service fee payments are subject to the limitations
contained in each 12b-1 Fund's Distribution Plan, which may
be varied or discontinued at any time;
(ii) your failure to provide the services described in
Paragraph 4 below as may be amended by us from time to time,
or otherwise comply with the terms of this Agreement, will
render you ineligible to receive service fees; and
(iii) failure of an assigned representative to provide
services required by this Agreement will render that
representative's accounts ineligible as accounts on which
service fees are paid.
3. PAYMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS TO REPRESENTATIVES
(a) Where consistent with applicable laws, rules, regulations and
regulatory interpretations, you will pass through to your
representatives a significant share of the service fees paid to
you pursuant to this Agreement, or you will otherwise use the
payments of service fees to advance the objective of providing
and improving service to shareholders of the Putnam Funds in a
manner specifically approved by Putnam Mutual Funds (for example,
via training courses for representatives or shareholder
seminars).
(b) You will assist us in distributing to your representatives
periodic statements which we will have prepared showing the
aggregate average net asset value of shares in Putnam Funds with
which they are credited on our records.
4. REQUIRED SERVICES
(a) You will assign one of your representatives to each Putnam
Fund account on your records and reassign the Putnam Fund account
should that representative leave your organization.
(b) You and your representatives will assist us and our
affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of
the Putnam Funds:
(i) Maintain regular contact with shareholders in assigned
accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the
Putnam Funds.
(ii) Assist in distributing sales and service literature
provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of
accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts).
(iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and
maintenance of shareholder accounts and records.
(iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative
changes, such as changing dividend options, account
designations, address, automatic investment programs or
systematic investment plans.
(v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption
transactions.
(vi) Provide any other information or services as the
customer or we may reasonably request.
(c) You will grant reasonable requests for visits to your offices
by our wholesalers and include all Putnam Funds on your menu or
list of investments made available by you to your customers.
(d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in
this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by
surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring
redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by
such other methods as we deem appropriate.
(e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from
time to time upon notice to you.
5. AMENDMENT
This Agreement, including any Schedule hereto, shall be deemed
amended as provided in any written notice delivered by us to you.
6. EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION
The provisions of this Agreement shall remain in effect for one
year from the date of its execution or adoption and thereafter
for successive annual periods only so long as such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually by the Trustees of each
of the 12b-1 Funds in conformity with Rule 12b-1 under the
Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"). This Agreement
shall automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as
defined by the 1940 Act). In addition, this Agreement may be
terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by
either party upon written notice to the other party, or, as
provided in Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, by the Trustees of any
12b-1 Fund or by the vote of the holders of the outstanding
voting securities of any 12b-1 Fund.
7. WRITTEN REPORTS
Putnam Mutual Funds Corp. shall provide the Trustees of each of
the 12b-1 Funds, and such Trustees shall review at least
quarterly, a written report of the amounts paid to you under this
Agreement and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.
8. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS
With respect to the receipt of service fees under the terms of
this Agreement, you will comply with all applicable federal and
state laws and rules, and all applicable regulations and
interpretations of regulatory agencies or authorities, which may
affect your business practices, including any requirement of
written authorization or consent by your customers to your
receipt of service fees, and any requirement to provide
disclosure to your customers of such service fees.
9. MISCELLANEOUS
(a) All communications mailed to us should be sent to the address
listed below. Any notice to you shall be duly given if mailed or
delivered to you at the address specified by you below.
<PAGE>
(b) The provisions of this Agreement shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts.
Very truly yours,
PUTNAM MUTUAL FUNDS CORP.
By: --------------------------
William N. Shiebler,
President and
Chief Executive Officer
We accept and agree to the foregoing Agreement as of the date set
forth below.
Financial Institution: --------------------------
By: --------------------------
Authorized Signature, Title
--------------------------
--------------------------
Address
Dated: --------------------------
Please return the signed Putnam copy of this Agreement to Putnam
Mutual Funds Corp., P.O. Box 41203, Providence, RI 02940-1203.
<PAGE>
SCHEDULE 1: THE 12B-1 FUNDS
Service fees will be paid on the following Putnam Funds at the
rates set forth in the Prospectus of that Fund:
Putnam Adjustable Rate U.S. Government Fund
Putnam American Government Income Fund
Putnam Arizona Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Asia Pacific Growth Fund
Putnam Asset Allocation Funds
-Putnam Asset Allocation: Growth Portfolio
-Putnam Asset Allocation: Balanced Portfolio
-Putnam Asset Allocation: Conservative Portfolio
Putnam Balanced Retirement Fund
Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Trust
-Putnam California Intermediate Tax Exempt Fund
-Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Capital Appreciation Fund
Putnam Convertible Income-Growth Trust
Putnam Diversified Equity Trust
Putnam Diversified Income Trust
Putnam Equity Income Fund
Putnam Europe Growth Fund
Putnam Federal Income Trust
Putnam Florida Tax Exempt Income Fund
The George Putnam Fund of Boston
Putnam Global Governmental Income Trust
Putnam Global Growth Fund
The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income
Putnam Growth and Income Fund II
Putnam Health Sciences Trust
Putnam High Yield Advantage Fund
Putnam High Yield Trust
Putnam Income Fund
Putnam Intermediate Tax Exempt Fund
Putnam Intermediate U.S. Government Fund
Putnam Investment Funds
-Putnam International New Opportunities Fund
Putnam Investors Fund
Putnam Massachusetts Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Michigan Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Minnesota Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Money Market Fund
Putnam Municipal Income Fund
Putnam Natural Resources Fund
Putnam New Jersey Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam New Opportunities Fund
Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Trust
-Putnam New York Intermediate Tax Exempt Fund
-Putnam New York Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam New York Tax Exempt Opportunities Fund
Putnam Ohio Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam OTC Emerging Growth Fund
Putnam Overseas Growth Fund
Putnam Pennsylvania Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Preferred Income Trust
Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam Tax-Free Income Trust
-Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund
-Putnam Tax-Free Insured Fund
Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust
Putnam Utilities Growth and Income Fund
Putnam Vista Fund
Putnam Voyager Fund
Putnam Voyager Fund II
SCHEDULE 2: MINIMUM ASSETS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION REQUIREMENTS. The minimum aggregate
average net asset value of all accounts in Putnam Funds specified
by Paragraph 1(b) is $250,000. We will review this requirement
prior to the start of each year and inform you of any changes.
REPRESENTATIVE REQUIREMENTS. With respect to Paragraph
1(c), there is no minimum asset qualification requirement in the
Putnam Funds applicable to each of your representatives. We will
review this requirement prior to the start of each year and
inform you of any changes. We reserve the right to set a minimum
at any time.
NF-58
10/2/95
SCHEDULES FOR COMPUTATION OF PERFORMANCE QUOTATIONS
Fund name: Putnam Money Market Fund -- Class A Shares
Fiscal period ending: 9/30/95
Inception date (if less than 10 years of performance):
7 DAY YIELD FORMULA - DIVIDENDS DECLARED FOR LAST 7 DAYS / 7 *365
TOTAL DIVIDENDS DECLARED
PER SHARE FOR LAST 7 DAYS:
7 DAY YIELD = 5.21%
CALCULATION OF 7 DAY EFFECTIVE YIELD
Formula:
7 DAY YIELD 52.142857)
((1+-------------------- )
( 52.142857)
7 DAY EFFECTIVE YIELD = 5.35%
<PAGE>
SCHEDULES FOR COMPUTATION OF PERFORMANCE QUOTATIONS
Fund name: Putnam Money Market Fund -- Class B Shares
Fiscal period ending: 9/30/95
Inception date (if less than 10 years of performance): 4/27/92
7 DAY YIELD FORMULA - DIVIDENDS DECLARED FOR LAST 7 DAYS / 7 *365
TOTAL DIVIDENDS DECLARED
PER SHARE FOR LAST 7 DAYS:
7 DAY YIELD = 4.70%
CALCULATION OF 7 DAY EFFECTIVE YIELD
Formula:
7 DAY YIELD 52.142857)
((1+-------------------- )
( 52.142857)
7 DAY EFFECTIVE YIELD = 4.82%
<PAGE>
SCHEDULES FOR COMPUTATION OF PERFORMANCE QUOTATIONS
Fund name: Putnam Money Market Fund -- Class M Shares
Fiscal period ending: 9/30/95
Inception date (if less than 10 years of performance): 12/8/94
7 DAY YIELD FORMULA - DIVIDENDS DECLARED FOR LAST 7 DAYS / 7 *365
TOTAL DIVIDENDS DECLARED
PER SHARE FOR LAST 7 DAYS:
7 DAY YIELD = 5.06%
CALCULATION OF 7 DAY EFFECTIVE YIELD
Formula:
7 DAY YIELD 52.142857)
((1+-------------------- )
( 52.142857)
7 DAY EFFECTIVE YIELD = 5.19%
S:\SHARED\FUNDS\NEW\AOAcal
SCHEDULES FOR COMPUTATION OF PERFORMANCE QUOTATIONS
Fund name: Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund -- Class A Shares
Fiscal period ending: 9/30/95
Inception date (if less than 10 years of performance): 10/26/87
7 DAY YIELD FORMULA - DIVIDENDS DECLARED FOR LAST 7 DAYS / 7 *365
TOTAL DIVIDENDS DECLARED
PER SHARE FOR LAST 7 DAYS:
7 DAY YIELD = 3.19%
CALCULATION OF 7 DAY EFFECTIVE YIELD
Formula:
7 DAY YIELD 52.142857)
((1+-------------------- )
( 52.142857)
7 DAY EFFECTIVE YIELD = 3.24%
TAX-EXEMPT EQUIVALENT YIELD
Formula: 30 day yield
--------------- =
1-(Highest Individual Tax Rate)
3.04% 3.04%
------ = ------ =5.03%
1-39.6% 60.4%
s:\shared\funds\new\A25cal
WARNING: THE EDGAR SYSTEM ENCOUNTERED ERROR(S) WHILE PROCESSING THIS SCHEDULE.
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 6
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED
FROM Putnam Money Market Class A AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY
BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> Sep-30-1995
<PERIOD-END> Sep-30-1995
<INVESTMENTS-AT-COST>1,491,587,657
<INVESTMENTS-AT-VALUE> 1,491,587,657
<RECEIVABLES> 26,822,632
<ASSETS-OTHER> 552
<OTHER-ITEMS-ASSETS> 0
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 1,518,410,841
<PAYABLE-FOR-SECURITIES> 0
<SENIOR-LONG-TERM-DEBT> 0
<OTHER-ITEMS-LIABILITIES> 0
<TOTAL-LIABILITIES> 63,797,375
<SENIOR-EQUITY> 0
<PAID-IN-CAPITAL-COMMON> 1,454,613,466
<SHARES-COMMON-STOCK> 1,189,639,582
<SHARES-COMMON-PRIOR> 1,101,171,393
<ACCUMULATED-NII-CURRENT> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-NII> 0
<ACCUMULATED-NET-GAINS> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-GAINS> 0
<ACCUM-APPREC-OR-DEPREC> 0
<NET-ASSETS> 1,454,613,466
<DIVIDEND-INCOME> 0
<INTEREST-INCOME> 81,328,984
<OTHER-INCOME> 0
<EXPENSES-NET> 9,846,369
<NET-INVESTMENT-INCOME> 71,482,615
<REALIZED-GAINS-CURRENT> 0
<APPREC-INCREASE-CURRENT> 0
<NET-CHANGE-FROM-OPS> 71,482,615
<EQUALIZATION> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-INCOME> (59,886,945)
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-GAINS> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OTHER> 0
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-SOLD> 4,779,510,741
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-REDEEMED> (4,745,700,888)
<SHARES-REINVESTED> 54,658,336
<NET-CHANGE-IN-ASSETS> 159,255,295
<ACCUMULATED-NII-PRIOR> 0
<ACCUMULATED-GAINS-PRIOR> 0
<OVERDISTRIB-NII-PRIOR> 0
<OVERDIST-NET-GAINS-PRIOR> 0
<GROSS-ADVISORY-FEES> 4,812,695
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 0
<GROSS-EXPENSE> 9,854,914
<AVERAGE-NET-ASSETS> 1,145,186,433
<PER-SHARE-NAV-BEGIN> 1.00
<PER-SHARE-NII> .052
<PER-SHARE-GAIN-APPREC> 0
<PER-SHARE-DIVIDEND> 0
<PER-SHARE-DISTRIBUTIONS> (.052)
<RETURNS-OF-CAPITAL> 0
<PER-SHARE-NAV-END> 1.00
<EXPENSE-RATIO> .62
<AVG-DEBT-OUTSTANDING> 0
<AVG-DEBT-PER-SHARE> 0
</TABLE>
WARNING: THE EDGAR SYSTEM ENCOUNTERED ERROR(S) WHILE PROCESSING THIS SCHEDULE.
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 6
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED
FROM Putnam Money Market Class B AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY
BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> Sep-30-1995
<PERIOD-END> Sep-30-1995
<INVESTMENTS-AT-COST>
1,491,587,657
<INVESTMENTS-AT-VALUE> 1,491,587,657
<RECEIVABLES> 26,822,632
<ASSETS-OTHER> 552
<OTHER-ITEMS-ASSETS> 0
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 1,518,410,841
<PAYABLE-FOR-SECURITIES> 0
<SENIOR-LONG-TERM-DEBT> 0
<OTHER-ITEMS-LIABILITIES> 63,797,375
<TOTAL-LIABILITIES> 63,797,375
<SENIOR-EQUITY> 0
<PAID-IN-CAPITAL-COMMON> 1,454,613,466
<SHARES-COMMON-STOCK> 256,533,435
<SHARES-COMMON-PRIOR> 194,186,778
<ACCUMULATED-NII-CURRENT> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-NII> 0
<ACCUMULATED-NET-GAINS> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-GAINS> 0
<ACCUM-APPREC-OR-DEPREC> 0
<NET-ASSETS> 1,454,613,466
<DIVIDEND-INCOME> 0
<INTEREST-INCOME> 81,328,984
<OTHER-INCOME> 0
<EXPENSES-NET> 9,846,369
<NET-INVESTMENT-INCOME> 71,482,615
<REALIZED-GAINS-CURRENT> 0
<APPREC-INCREASE-CURRENT> 0
<NET-CHANGE-FROM-OPS> 71,482,615
<EQUALIZATION> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-INCOME> (11,472,948)
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-GAINS> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OTHER> 0
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-SOLD> 1,012,064,608
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-REDEEMED> (959,317,895)
<SHARES-REINVESTED> 9,599,944
<NET-CHANGE-IN-ASSETS> 159,255,295
<ACCUMULATED-NII-PRIOR> 0
<ACCUMULATED-GAINS-PRIOR> 0
<OVERDISTRIB-NII-PRIOR> 0
<OVERDIST-NET-GAINS-PRIOR> 0
<GROSS-ADVISORY-FEES> 4,812,695
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 0
<GROSS-EXPENSE> 9,854,914
<AVERAGE-NET-ASSETS> 241,670,598
<PER-SHARE-NAV-BEGIN> 1.00
<PER-SHARE-NII> 0.047
<PER-SHARE-GAIN-APPREC> 0
<PER-SHARE-DIVIDEND> 0
<PER-SHARE-DISTRIBUTIONS> (0.047)
<RETURNS-OF-CAPITAL> 0
<PER-SHARE-NAV-END> 1.00
<EXPENSE-RATIO> 1.12
<AVG-DEBT-OUTSTANDING> 0
<AVG-DEBT-PER-SHARE> 0
</TABLE>
WARNING: THE EDGAR SYSTEM ENCOUNTERED ERROR(S) WHILE PROCESSING THIS SCHEDULE.
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 6
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED
FROM Putnam Money Market Class M AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY
BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> Sep-30-1995
<PERIOD-END> Sep-30-1995
<INVESTMENTS-AT-COST>
1,491,587,657
<INVESTMENTS-AT-VALUE> 1,491,587,657
<RECEIVABLES> 26,822,632
<ASSETS-OTHER> 552
<OTHER-ITEMS-ASSETS> 0
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 1,518,410,841
<PAYABLE-FOR-SECURITIES> 0
<SENIOR-LONG-TERM-DEBT> 0
<OTHER-ITEMS-LIABILITIES> 0
<TOTAL-LIABILITIES> 63,797,375
<SENIOR-EQUITY> 0
<PAID-IN-CAPITAL-COMMON> 1,454,613,466
<SHARES-COMMON-STOCK> 8,440,449
<SHARES-COMMON-PRIOR> 0
<ACCUMULATED-NII-CURRENT> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-NII> 0
<ACCUMULATED-NET-GAINS> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-GAINS> 0
<ACCUM-APPREC-OR-DEPREC> 0
<NET-ASSETS> 1,454,613,466
<DIVIDEND-INCOME> 0
<INTEREST-INCOME> 81,328,984
<OTHER-INCOME> 0
<EXPENSES-NET> 9,846,369
<NET-INVESTMENT-INCOME> 71,482,615
<REALIZED-GAINS-CURRENT> 0
<APPREC-INCREASE-CURRENT> 0
<NET-CHANGE-FROM-OPS> 71,482,615
<EQUALIZATION> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-INCOME> (122,722)
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-GAINS> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OTHER> 0
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-SOLD> 16,449,326
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-REDEEMED> (8,118,436)
<SHARES-REINVESTED> 109,559
<NET-CHANGE-IN-ASSETS> 159,255,295
<ACCUMULATED-NII-PRIOR> 0
<ACCUMULATED-GAINS-PRIOR> 0
<OVERDISTRIB-NII-PRIOR> 0
<OVERDIST-NET-GAINS-PRIOR> 0
<GROSS-ADVISORY-FEES> 4,812,695
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 0
<GROSS-EXPENSE> 9,854,914
<AVERAGE-NET-ASSETS> 2,857,516
<PER-SHARE-NAV-BEGIN> 1.00
<PER-SHARE-NII> 0.043
<PER-SHARE-GAIN-APPREC> 0
<PER-SHARE-DIVIDEND> 0
<PER-SHARE-DISTRIBUTIONS> (0.043)
<RETURNS-OF-CAPITAL> 0
<PER-SHARE-NAV-END> 1.00
<EXPENSE-RATIO> .67
<AVG-DEBT-OUTSTANDING> 0
<AVG-DEBT-PER-SHARE> 0
</TABLE>
WARNING: THE EDGAR SYSTEM ENCOUNTERED ERROR(S) WHILE PROCESSING THIS SCHEDULE.
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 6
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED
FROM Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS
ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> Sep-30-1995
<PERIOD-END> Sep-30-1995
<INVESTMENTS-AT-COST>92,172,098
<INVESTMENTS-AT-VALUE> 92,172,098
<RECEIVABLES> 662,114
<ASSETS-OTHER> 287,463
<OTHER-ITEMS-ASSETS> 0
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 93,121,675
<PAYABLE-FOR-SECURITIES> 0
<SENIOR-LONG-TERM-DEBT> 0
<OTHER-ITEMS-LIABILITIES> 20,055,487
<TOTAL-LIABILITIES> 20,055,487
<SENIOR-EQUITY> 0
<PAID-IN-CAPITAL-COMMON> 0
<SHARES-COMMON-STOCK> 73,066,188
<SHARES-COMMON-PRIOR> 98,397,327
<ACCUMULATED-NII-CURRENT> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-NII> 0
<ACCUMULATED-NET-GAINS> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-GAINS> 0
<ACCUM-APPREC-OR-DEPREC> 0
<NET-ASSETS> 73,066,188
<DIVIDEND-INCOME> 0
<INTEREST-INCOME> 3,388,858
<OTHER-INCOME> 0
<EXPENSES-NET> 546,391
<NET-INVESTMENT-INCOME> 2,842,467
<REALIZED-GAINS-CURRENT> 0
<APPREC-INCREASE-CURRENT> 0
<NET-CHANGE-FROM-OPS> 2,842,467
<EQUALIZATION> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-INCOME> (2,842,467)
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-GAINS> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OTHER> 0
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-SOLD> 561,608,126
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-REDEEMED> (589,526,705)
<SHARES-REINVESTED> 2,587,440
<NET-CHANGE-IN-ASSETS> (25,331,139)
<ACCUMULATED-NII-PRIOR> 0
<ACCUMULATED-GAINS-PRIOR> 0
<OVERDISTRIB-NII-PRIOR> 0
<OVERDIST-NET-GAINS-PRIOR> 0
<GROSS-ADVISORY-FEES> 412,686
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 0
<GROSS-EXPENSE> 740,266
<AVERAGE-NET-ASSETS> 91,723,183
<PER-SHARE-NAV-BEGIN> 1.00
<PER-SHARE-NII> 0.031
<PER-SHARE-GAIN-APPREC> 0
<PER-SHARE-DIVIDEND> 0
<PER-SHARE-DISTRIBUTIONS> (0.031)
<RETURNS-OF-CAPITAL> 0
<PER-SHARE-NAV-END> 1.00
<EXPENSE-RATIO> .81
<AVG-DEBT-OUTSTANDING> 0
<AVG-DEBT-PER-SHARE> 0
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
PUTNAM FUNDS
Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3(D) under the
Investment Company act of 1940
Effective July 1, 1995*
Each of the open-end investment companies managed by Putnam
Investment Management, Inc. (each a "Fund" and, together, the
"Funds") may from time to time issue one or more of the following
classes of shares: Class A shares, Class B shares, Class C
shares, Class M shares and Class Y shares. Each class is subject
to such investment minimums and other conditions of eligibility
as are set forth in the Funds' registration statements as from
time to time in effect. The differences in expenses among these
classes of shares, and the conversion and exchange features of
each class of shares, are set forth below in this Plan. Except
as noted below, expenses are allocated among the classes of
shares of each Fund based upon the net assets of each Fund
attributable to shares of each class. This Plan is subject to
change, to the extent permitted by law and by the Agreement and
Declaration of Trust and By-laws of each Fund, by action of the
Trustees of each Fund.
- ---------------------------
*The Funds have been offering multiple classes of shares,
prior to the effectiveness of this Plan, pursuant to an exemptive
order of the Securities and Exchange Commission. This Plan is
intended to permit the Funds to offer multiple classes of shares
pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940,
without any change in the arrangements and expense allocations
that have previously been approved by the Trustees of each Fund
under such order of exemption.
<PAGE>
CLASS A SHARES
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE FEES
Class A shares pay distribution and service fees pursuant to
plans (the "Class A Plans") adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under
the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"). Class A
shares also bear any costs associated with obtaining shareholder
approval of the Class A Plans (or an amendment to a Class A
Plan). Pursuant to the Class A Plans, Class A shares may pay up
to 0.35% of the relevant Fund's average net assets attributable
to the Class A shares* (which percentage may be less for certain
Funds, as described in the Funds' registration statements as from
time to time in effect). Amounts payable under the Class A Plans
are subject to such further limitations as the Trustees may from
time to time determine and as set forth in the registration
statement of each Fund as from time to time in effect.
CONVERSION FEATURES
Class A shares do not convert to any other class of shares.
EXCHANGE FEATURES
Class A shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder's
option, for Class A shares of any other Fund that offers Class A
shares without the payment of a sales charge beginning 15 days
after purchase, provided that Class A shares of such other Fund
are available to residents of the relevant state. The holding
period for determining any contingent deferred sales charge (a
"CDSC") will include the holding period of the shares exchanged,
and will be calculated using the schedule of any Fund into or
from which shares have been exchanged that would result in the
highest CDSC applicable to such Class A shares.
- ---------------------------
*Class A shares of Putnam Diversified Equity Trust may pay
up to 0.65% of average net assets attributable to Class A shares.
<PAGE>
INITIAL SALES CHARGE
Class A shares are offered at a public offering price that
is equal to their net asset value ("NAV") plus a sales charge of
up to 5.75% of the public offering price (which maximum may be
less for certain Funds, as described in each Fund's registration
statement as from time to time in effect). The sales charges on
Class A shares are subject to reduction or waiver as permitted by
Rule 22d-1 under the 1940 Act and as described in the Funds'
registration statements as from time to time in effect.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
Purchases of Class A shares of $1 million or more that are
redeemed within one or two years of purchase are subject to a
CDSC of 1.00% and 0.50%, respectively, of either the purchase
price or the NAV of the shares redeemed, whichever is less.
Class A shares are not otherwise subject to a CDSC.
The CDSC on Class A shares is subject to reduction or waiver
in certain circumstances, as permitted by Rule 6c-10 under the
1940 Act and as described in the Funds' registration statements
as from time to time in effect.
CLASS B SHARES
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE FEES
Class B shares pay distribution and service fees pursuant to
plans adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the
"Class B Plans"). Class B shares also bear any costs associated
with obtaining shareholder approval of the Class B Plans (or an
amendment to a Class B Plan). Pursuant to the Class B Plans,
Class B shares may pay up to 1.00% of the relevant Fund's average
net assets attributable to Class B shares (which percentage may
be less for certain Funds, as described in the Funds'
registration statements as from time to time in effect). Amounts
payable under the Class B Plans are subject to such further
limitations as the Trustees may from time to time determine and
as set forth in the registration statement of each Fund as from
time to time in effect.
CONVERSION FEATURES
Class B shares automatically convert to Class A shares of
the same Fund at the end of the month eight years after purchase
(or such earlier date as the Trustees of a Fund may authorize),
except that Class B shares purchased through the reinvestment of
dividends and other distributions on Class B shares convert to
Class A shares at the same time as the shares with respect to
which they were purchased are converted and Class B shares
acquired by the exchange of Class B shares of another Fund will
convert to Class A shares based on the time of the initial
purchase.
EXCHANGE FEATURES
Class B shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder's
option, for Class B shares of any other Fund that offers Class B
shares without the payment of a sales charge beginning 15 days
after purchase, provided that Class B shares of such other Fund
are available to residents of the relevant state. The holding
period for determining any CDSC will include the holding period
of the shares exchanged, and will be calculated using the
schedule of any Fund into or from which shares have been
exchanged that would result in the highest CDSC applicable to
such Class B shares.
INITIAL SALES CHARGE
Class B shares are offered at their NAV, without an initial
sales charge.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
Class B shares that are redeemed within 6 years of purchase
are subject to a CDSC of up to 5.00% of either the purchase price
or the NAV of the shares redeemed, whichever is less (which
period may be shorter and which percentage may be less for
certain Funds, as described in the Funds' registration statements
as from time to time in effect); such percentage declines the
longer the shares are held, as described in the Funds'
registration statements as from time to time in effect. Class B
shares purchased with reinvested dividends or capital gains are
not subject to a CDSC.
The CDSC on Class B shares is subject to reduction or waiver
in certain circumstances, as permitted by Rule 6c-10 under the
1940 Act and as described in the Funds' registration statements
as from time to time in effect.
CLASS C SHARES
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE FEES
Class C shares pay distribution and service fees pursuant to
plans adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the
"Class C Plans"). Class C shares also bear any costs associated
with obtaining shareholder approval of the Class C Plans (or an
amendment to a Class C Plan). Pursuant to the Class C Plans,
Class C shares may pay up to 1.00% of the relevant Fund's average
net assets attributable to the Class C shares (which percentage
may be less for certain Funds, as described in the Funds'
registration statements as from time to time in effect). Amounts
payable under the Class C Plans are subject to such further
limitations as the Trustees may from time to time determine and
as set forth in the registration statement of each Fund as from
time to time in effect.
CONVERSION FEATURES
Class C shares do not convert to any other class of shares.
EXCHANGE FEATURES
Class C shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder's
option, for Class C shares of any other Fund that offers Class C
shares without the payment of a sales charge beginning 15 days
after purchase, provided that Class C shares of such other Fund
are available to residents of the relevant state. The holding
period for determining any CDSC will include the holding period
of the shares exchanged, and will be calculated using the
schedule of any Fund into or from which shares have been
exchanged that would result in the highest CDSC applicable to
such Class C shares.
<PAGE>
INITIAL SALES CHARGE
Class C shares are offered at their NAV, without an initial
sales charge.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
Class C shares are subject to a 1.00% CDSC if the shares are
redeemed within one year of purchase. The CDSC on Class C shares
is subject to reduction or waiver in certain circumstances, as
permitted by Rule 6c-10 under the 1940 Act and as described in
the Funds' registration statements as from time to time in
effect.
CLASS M SHARES
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE FEES
Class M shares pay distribution and service fees pursuant to
plans adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the
"Class M Plans"). Class M shares also bear any costs associated
with obtaining shareholder approval of the Class M Plans (or an
amendment to a Class M Plan). Pursuant to the Class M Plans,
Class M shares may pay up to 1.00% of the relevant Fund's average
net assets attributable to Class M shares (which percentage may
be less for certain Funds, as described in the Funds'
registration statements as from time to time in effect). Amounts
payable under the Class M Plans are subject to such further
limitations as the Trustees may from time to time determine and
as set forth in the registration statement of each Fund as from
time to time in effect.
CONVERSION FEATURES
Class M shares do not convert to any other class of shares.
EXCHANGE FEATURES
Class M shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder's
option, for Class M shares of any other Fund that offers Class M
shares without the payment of a sales charge beginning 15 days
after purchase, provided that Class M shares of such other Fund
are available to residents of the relevant state.
INITIAL SALES CHARGE
Class M shares are offered at a public offering price that
is equal to their NAV plus a sales charge of up to 3.50% of the
public offering price (which maximum may be less for certain
Funds, as described in each Fund's registration statement as from
time to time in effect). The sales charges on Class M shares are
subject to reduction or waiver as permitted by Rule 22d-1 under
the 1940 Act and as described in the Funds' registration
statements as from time to time in effect.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
Class M shares are not subject to any CDSC.
CLASS Y SHARES
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE FEES
Class Y shares do not pay a distribution fee.
CONVERSION FEATURES
Class Y shares do not convert to any other class of shares.
EXCHANGE FEATURES
Class Y shares of any Fund may be exchanged, at the holder's
option, for Class Y shares of any other Fund that offers Class Y
shares without the payment of a sales charge beginning 15 days
after purchase, provided that Class Y shares of such other Fund
are available to residents of the relevant state, and further
provided that shares of such other Fund are available through the
relevant employer's plan.
<PAGE>
INITIAL SALES CHARGE
Class Y shares are offered at their NAV, without an initial
sales charge.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
Class Y shares are not subject to any CDSC.
s:\shared\boiler\newfunds\nf-69
