<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
Guidelines for Determining the Proper Identification Number for the Payee
(You) to Give the Payer.-- Social Security numbers have nine digits separated
by two hyphens: i.e. 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine
digits separated by only one hyphen: i.e. 00-0000000. The table below will
help determine the number to give the payer. All "Section" references are to
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. "IRS" is the Internal Revenue
Service.
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Give the name and
For this type of Social Security number
account: of--
----------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
1. An individual's The individual
account
2. Two or more The actual owner
individuals (joint of the account
account) or, if combined
funds, any one
of the
individuals(1)
3. Husband and wife The actual owner
(joint account) of the account
or, if joint
funds, either
person(1)
4. Custodian account The minor(2)
of a minor (Uniform
Gift to Minors Act)
5. Adult and minor The adult or, if
(joint account) the minor is the
only
contributor, the
minor(3)
6. Account in the name The ward, minor,
of guardian or or incompetent
committee for a person(4)
designated ward,
minor, or
incompetent person
7.a. The usual The grantor-
revocable savings trustee(3)
trust account
(grantor is also
trustee)
b. So-called trust The actual
account that is not owner(3)
a legal or valid
trust under State
law
----------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Give the name and
For this type of employer identification
account: number of--
---
<S> <C>
8. Sole The owner(5)
proprietorship
account
9. A valid trust, Legal entity(3)
estate, or
pension trust
10. Corporate account The corporation
11. Religious, The organization
charitable, or
educational
organization
account
12. Partnership The partnership
account held in
the name of the
business
13. Association, The organization
club, or other
tax-exempt
organization
14. A broker or The broker or
registered nominee
nominee
15. Account with the The public
Department of entity
Agriculture in
the name of a
public entity
(such as a State
or local
government,
school district,
or prison) that
receives
agricultural
program payments
---
</TABLE>
(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension
trust. (Do not furnish the identifying number of personal representative
or trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated in the
account title.)
(4) Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
person's social security number.
(5) Show the name of the owner. The name of the business or the "doing
business as" name may also be entered. Either the social security number
or the employer identification number may be used.
Note: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will
be considered to be that of the first name listed.
<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
Page 2
Obtaining a Number
If you don't have a taxpayer identification number ("TIN") or you don't know
your number, obtain Internal Revenue Service Form SS-5, Application for a
Social Security Number Card, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer
Identification Number, at your local office of the Social Security
Administration or the Internal Revenue Service or by calling 1-800-TAX-FORM,
and apply for a number.
Payees Exempt from Backup Withholding
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL payments include
the following:
. An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), an individual
retirement account (IRA), or a custodial account under Section 403(b)(7),
if the account satisfies the requirements of 401(f)(2).
. The United States or a state thereof, the District of Columbia, a
possession of the United States, or a political subdivision or wholly-owned
agency or instrumentality of any one or more of the foregoing.
. An international organization or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
. A foreign government and any political subsidiary, agency or
instrumentality thereof.
Payees that may be exempt from backup withholding include:
. A corporation.
. A financial institution.
. A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the United
States, the District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States.
. A real estate investment trust.
. A common trust fund operated by a bank under Section 584(a).
. A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or custodian.
. An entity registered at all times during the tax year under The Investment
Act of 1940.
. A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission.
. A foreign central bank of issue.
. A trust exempt from tax under Section 664 or described in Section 4947.
Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:
. Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
. Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
which have at least one nonresident alien partner.
. Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
money.
. Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
. Section 404(k) distributions made by an ESOP.
. Payments made to a nominee.
Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:
. Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. Note: You may be
subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more and is paid
in the course of the payer's trade or business and you have not provided
your correct taxpayer identification number to the payer.
. Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
section 852).
. Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
. Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
. Payments made by certain in foreign organizations.
Exempt payees described above should file Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous
backup withholding. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER. FURNISH YOUR TAXPAYER
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, AND RETURN IT
TO THE PAYER, IF THE PAYMENTS ARE INTEREST, DIVIDENDS, OR PATRONAGE DIVIDENDS,
ALSO SIGN AND DATE THE FORM.
Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the regulations under sections 6041, 6041A(a),
6042, 6044, 6045, 6049, 6050A, and 6050N and the regulations thereunder.
Privacy Act Notice.--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend,
interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers
who must report the payments to IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for
identification purposes and to help verify the accuracy of your return and may
also provide this information to various government agencies for tax
enforcement or litigation purposes. Payers must be given the numbers whether
or not recipients are required to file tax returns. Payers must generally
withhold 31% of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a
payee who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer.
Certain penalties may also apply.
Penalties
(1) Penalty for Failure to Furnish Taxpayer Identification Number.--If you
fail to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are
subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due
to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.
(2) Failure to Report Certain Dividend and Interest Payments.--If you fail to
include any portion of an includible payment for interest, dividends, or
patronage dividends in gross income, such failure will be treated as being due
to negligence and will be subject to a penalty of 5% on any portion of an
under-payment attributable to that failure unless there is clear and
convincing evidence to the contrary.
(3) Civil Penalty for False Information With Respect to Withholding.--If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
(4) Criminal Penalty for Falsifying Information.--Falsifying certifications or
affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.
(5) Misuse of Taxpayer Identification Numbers.--If the payer discloses or uses
taxpayer identification numbers in violation of Federal law, the payer may be
subject to civil and criminal penalties.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.
