<PAGE> 1
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934 $ 250.00
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED]
For the transition period from to .
------ ------
Commission file number 0-17942
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A California Limited Partnership
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
California 94-3046886
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
444 Market Street, 15th Floor, San Francisco, California 94111
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code (415) 677-8990
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Name of each exchange on
Title of each class which registered
------------------- ------------------------
Not Applicable
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
UNITS OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS
----------------------------------------------------
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports, and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X . No .
--- ---
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein,
and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive
proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant is not applicable.
Documents incorporated by Reference
PART I
Item 1 - Business Prospectus of IEA Income Fund VIII, A California Limited
Partnership dated October 13, 1987 included as part of
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-16984)
Certificate of IEA Income Fund VIII, A California Limited
Partnership, filed as Exhibit 3.4 to the Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-16984)
<PAGE> 2
PART I
Item 1. Business
(a) General Development of Business
The Registrant is a California limited partnership formed on August
31, 1987 to engage in the business of leasing marine dry cargo containers to
unaffiliated third-party lessees. The Registrant was initially capitalized with
$100, and commenced offering its limited partnership interests to the public
during the week of October 13, 1987, pursuant to its Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 33-16984). The offering terminated on August 31, 1988.
The Registrant raised $10,746,600 in subscription proceeds. The
following table sets forth the use of said subscription proceeds:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Percentage of
Amount Gross Proceeds
------ --------------
<S> <C> <C>
Gross Subscription Proceeds $10,746,600 100.0%
Public Offering Expenses:
Underwriting Commissions $ 1,074,650 10.0%
Offering and Organization Expenses $ 386,635 3.6%
----------- -----
Total Public Offering Expenses $ 1,461,285 13.6%
----------- -----
Net Proceeds $ 9,285,315 86.4%
Acquisition Fees $ 91,234 0.8%
Working Capital Reserve $ 70,671 0.7%
----------- -----
Gross Proceeds Invested in Equipment $ 9,123,410 84.9%
=========== =====
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 3
The general partner of the Registrant is Cronos Capital Corp. ("CCC"), a
wholly-owned subsidiary of Cronos Holdings/Investments (U.S.), Inc., a Delaware
corporation. Cronos Holdings/Investments (U.S.), Inc. is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Cronos Investments B.V., a Dutch company. These and other
affiliated companies are ultimately wholly-owned by The Cronos Group, a holding
company registered in Luxembourg ("Holding Company") and are collectively
referred to as the "Group". The activities of the container division of the
Group are managed through the Group's subsidiary in the United Kingdom, Cronos
Containers Limited ("the Leasing Company"). The Leasing Company manages the
leasing operations of all equipment owned or managed by the Group on its own
behalf or on behalf of other third-party container owners, including all other
programs organized by CCC.
Pursuant to the Limited Partnership Agreement of the Registrant, all
authority to administer the business of the Registrant is vested in CCC. CCC has
entered into a Leasing Agent Agreement, whereby the Leasing Company has assumed
the responsibility for the container leasing activities of CCC's managed
programs.
For information concerning the containers acquired by the Registrant, see
Item 2, "Properties".
(b) Financial Information About Industry Segments
Inapplicable.
(c) Narrative Description of Business
(c)(1)(i) A marine cargo container is a reusable metal container designed
for the efficient carriage of cargo with a minimum of exposure to loss from
damage or theft. Containers are manufactured to conform to worldwide standards
of container dimensions and container ship fittings adopted by the International
Standards Organization ("ISO") in 1968. The standard container is either 20'
long x 8' wide x 8'6" high (one twenty-foot equivalent unit ("TEU"), the
standard unit of physical measurement in the container industry) or 40' long x
8' wide x 8'6" high (two TEU). Standardization of the construction, maintenance
and handling of containers allows containers to be picked up, dropped off,
stored and repaired effectively throughout the world. This standardization is
the foundation on which the container industry has developed.
Standard dry cargo containers are rectangular boxes with no moving parts,
other than doors, and are typically made of steel. They are constructed to carry
a wide variety of cargos ranging from heavy industrial raw materials to
light-weight finished goods. Specialized containers include, among others,
refrigerated containers for the transport of temperature-sensitive goods and
tank containers for the carriage of liquid cargo. Dry cargo containers
constitute approximately 85% of the worldwide container fleet. Refrigerated and
tank containers constitute approximately 7% of the worldwide container fleet,
with open-tops and other specialized containers constituting the remainder.
One of the primary benefits of containerization has been the ability of the
shipping industry to effectively lower freight rates due to the efficiencies
created by standardized intermodal containers. Containers can be handled much
more efficiently than loose cargo and are typically shipped via several modes of
transportation, including truck, railway and ship. Containers require loading
and unloading only once and remain sealed until arrival at the final
destination, significantly reducing transport time, labor and handling costs and
losses due to damage and theft. Efficient movement of containerized cargo
between ship and shore reduces the amount of time that a ship must spend in port
and reduces the transit time of freight moves.
The logistical advantages and reduced freight rates brought about by
containerization have been a major catalyst for world trade growth during the
last twenty-five years, which in turn has generated increased demand for
containerization. The world container fleet has grown from an estimated 270,000
TEU in 1969 to 9,198,000 TEU at the end of 1995, and according to recent
industry data, growth of containerized shipping since 1987 has generally
averaged two to three times that of average GDP growth in industrialized
countries.
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<PAGE> 4
The Registrant believes that growth of containerization will continue to
outpace GDP growth and the growth in world trade over the next five years for
the following reasons:
- Lower freight rates resulting from containerization are generating new
cargos that previously were not economical to export. Containerization
provides inexpensive, timely and secure transport to manufacturers
allowing them to take advantage of regional opportunities in technology
or labor, and to move products to different locations at various stages
of production;
- Intermodal traffic is expected to continue to grow, and industrialized
countries are continuing to improve intermodal infrastructure (i.e.,
railways, roads and ports);
- Shippers continue to demand transportation of cargo by containers rather
than break-bulk;
- Countries with rapidly-growing economies in emerging markets are
continuing to build new container port facilities that accommodate an
increased flow of containerized trade; and
- Recent trade agreements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement
("NAFTA") and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ("GATT"),
should further stimulate world trade, and, therefore containerized
trade.
The container leasing industry has been a significant contributor to the
growth of containerization, and, in 1995, had an approximately 47% share of the
total world container fleet with ocean carriers holding most of the remainder.
To an ocean carrier, the primary benefits of leasing rather than owning
containers are the following:
- Reduced Capital Expenditures. Leasing is an attractive option to ocean
carriers because ownership of containers requires significant capital
expenditures. Carriers constantly evaluate their investment strategy,
with container purchasing competing directly with other expenditure
requirements, such as ship purchases, ship conversions and terminal
improvements. Container leasing allows ocean carriers to invest capital
in assets that are more central to their business.
- Improved Asset Management. Trade flow imbalances and seasonal demands
frequently leave ocean carriers with regional surpluses or shortages of
containers, requiring costly repositioning of empty containers. Leasing
companies help ocean carriers manage these trade imbalances by providing
the inventory to service demand, reducing the costs of maintaining local
inventories and minimizing repositioning expenses. By matching different
carriers' container needs, leasing companies can reduce their own risks
of container inventory imbalances and seasonality through a portfolio of
lessees as well as variations in lease terms.
- Increased Container Fleet Flexibility. Ocean carriers benefit from the
variety of lease types offered by leasing companies such as the master
lease, long-term and short-term lease and direct financing lease. These
various leases give ocean carriers flexibility in sizing their fleets
while minimizing capital costs. For example, master lease agreements
give ocean carriers the option of adjusting the size of their fleets,
with the flexibility to pick-up and drop-off containers at various
locations around the world.
Dry cargo containers are the most-commonly used type of container in the
shipping industry. The Registrant's dry cargo container fleet is constructed of
all Corten steel (Corten roofs, walls, doors and undercarriage), a high-tensile
steel yielding greater damage and corrosion resistance than mild steel.
The Registrant's containers are leased primarily to ocean-going steamship
companies operating in major trade routes (see Item 1(d)). Most if not all of
the Registrant's marine dry cargo containers are leased pursuant to operating
leases, primarily master leases where the containers are leased to the ocean
carrier on a daily basis for any desired length of time, with the flexibility of
picking up and dropping off containers at various agreed upon locations around
the world and, secondarily, term leases (1-5 years) and one-way or round-trip
leases.
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<PAGE> 5
Master lease agreements. A master lease is designed to provide greater
flexibility by allowing customers to pick-up and drop-off containers where and
when needed, subject to restrictions and availability, on pre-agreed terms. The
commercial terms of master leases are generally negotiated annually. Master
leases also define the number of containers that may be returned within each
calendar month and the return locations and applicable drop-off charges. Because
of the increased flexibility they offer, master leases usually command higher
per-diem rates and generate more ancillary fees (including pick-up, drop-off,
handling and off-hire fees) than term leases.
Term lease agreements. Term lease agreements include short-term and
long-term leases. Long-term lease agreements define the number of containers to
be leased, the pick-up and drop-off locations, the applicable per-diem rental
rate for the duration of the lease and the early termination penalties that may
apply in the event of early redelivery. Ocean carriers use long-term leases when
they have a need for identified containers for a specified term. Long-term
leases usually are not terminated early by the customer and provide the
Registrant with stable and relatively predictable sources of revenue, although
per-diem rates and ancillary charges are lower under long-term leases than under
master lease agreements. Short-term lease agreements have a duration of less
than one year and include one-way, repositioning and round-trip leases. They
differ from master leases in that they define the number and the term of
containers to be leased. Ocean carriers use one-way leases to manage trade
imbalances (where more containerized cargo moves in one direction than another)
by picking up a container in one port and dropping it off at another after one
or more legs of a voyage. Except for direct financing leases, lease rates
typically are highest for short-term leases.
Under these leases, customers are responsible for paying all taxes and
service charges arising from container use, maintaining the containers in good
and safe operating condition while on lease and paying for repairs upon
redelivery, other than ordinary wear and tear. Some leases provide for a "damage
protection plan" whereby lessees, for an additional payment (which may be in the
form of a higher per-diem rate), are relieved of the responsibility of paying
some of the repair costs upon redelivery of the containers. The Leasing Company
has historically provided this service on a limited basis to selected customers.
Repairs provided under such plans are carried out by the same depots, under the
same procedures, as are repairs to containers not covered by such plans.
Customers also are required to insure leased containers against physical damage
and loss, and against third party liability for loss, damage, bodily injury or
death.
All containers are inspected and repaired when redelivered by a customer,
and customers are obligated to pay for all damage repair, excluding wear and
tear, according to standardized industry guidelines. Depots in major port areas
perform repair and maintenance which is verified by independent surveyors or the
Leasing Company's technical and operations staff.
The non-cancelable terms of the operating leases of the Registrant's
containers will not be sufficient to return to the Registrant as lessor the
purchase price of the equipment. In order to recover the original investment in
the equipment and achieve an adequate return thereon, it is necessary to renew
the lease, lease the equipment to another lessee at the end of the initial lease
term, or sell the equipment.
The Registrant estimates that a dry cargo or refrigerated container may be
used as a leased marine cargo container for a period ranging from 10 to 15
years. The Registrant disposes of used containers in a worldwide market for used
containers in which buyers include wholesalers, mini-storage operators,
construction companies and others. As the Registrant's fleet ages, a larger
proportion of its revenues will be derived from selling its containers.
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<PAGE> 6
Of the 2,085 twenty-foot, 2,254 forty-foot and 143 forty-foot high-cube dry
cargo containers owned by the Registrant as of December 31, 1995, 1,691
twenty-foot (or 81% thereof), 1,846 forty-foot (or 82% thereof) and 134
forty-foot high-cube dry cargo containers (or 94% thereof) were on lease. The
following table sets forth the information on the lease terms with respect to
the containers on lease:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of
Containers
----------
<S> <C>
20-Foot Dry Cargo Containers:
Term Leases 131
Master Leases 1,560
40-Foot Dry Cargo Containers:
Term Leases 228
Master Leases 1,618
40-Foot High-Cube Dry Cargo Containers:
Term Leases 10
Master Leases 124
</TABLE>
The Leasing Company will make payments to the Registrant based upon rentals
collected from ocean carriers after deducting certain operating expenses
associated with the containers, such as the base management fee payable to CCC,
the costs of maintenance and repairs not performed by lessees, independent agent
fees and expenses, depot expenses for handling, inspection and storage, and
additional insurance.
The Registrant's sales and marketing operations are conducted through the
Leasing Company, in the United Kingdom, with support provided by area offices
and dedicated agents located in San Francisco, California; Iselin, New Jersey;
Windsor, England; Hamburg; Antwerp; Auckland; Genoa; Singapore; Hong Kong;
Sydney; Tokyo; Taipei; Seoul; Rio de Janeiro; and Shanghai. Each of the Leasing
Company's area offices and dedicated agents is staffed with local people
familiar with the customers and language of the region. The Leasing Company's
marketing directors have been employed in the container industry in their
respective regions for an average of 15 years, building direct personal
relationships with the local ocean carriers and locally based representatives of
other ocean carriers.
The Leasing Company also maintains agency relationships with over 20
independent agents around the world, who are generally paid a commission based
upon the amount of revenues they generate in the region or the number of
containers that are leased from their area on behalf of the Registrant. They are
located in jurisdictions where the volume of the Leasing Company's business
necessitates a presence in the area but is not sufficient to justify a
fully-functioning Leasing Company office or dedicated agent. These agents
provide marketing support to the area offices covering the region, together with
limited operational support.
In addition, the Leasing Company relies on the services of over 300
independently-owned and operated depots around the world to inspect, repair,
maintain and store containers while off-hire. The Leasing Company's area offices
authorize all container movements into and out of the depot and supervise all
repair and maintenance performed by the depot. The Leasing Company's technical
staff sets the standards for repair of its owned and managed fleet throughout
the world and monitors the quality of depot repair work. The depots provide
a vital link to the Leasing Company's operations, as the redelivery of a
container into a depot is the point at which the container is off-hired from one
customer and repaired in preparation for re-leasing to the next, and the point
when the Leasing Company's area offices report the container's movements onto
the Leasing Company's equipment tracking system. The Leasing Company's computer
system has the capability to accommodate future developments, such as allowing
depots access to record directly on the system the on-hire and off-hire activity
of containers delivered into the depot. It also has the capability of verifying
the terms of redelivery authorized by the area offices. These functions are
currently being performed by the Leasing Company's area offices.
(c)(1)(ii) Inapplicable.
(c)(1)(iii) Inapplicable.
(c)(1)(iv) Inapplicable.
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<PAGE> 7
(c)(1)(v) The Registrant's containers are leased globally, therefore,
seasonal fluctuations are minimal. Other economic and business factors to which
the transportation industry in general and the container leasing industry in
particular are subject, include inflation and fluctuations in general business
conditions and fluctuations in supply and demand for equipment resulting from,
among other things, obsolescence, changes in the methods or economics of a
particular mode of transportation or changes in governmental regulations or
safety standards.
(c)(1)(vi) The Registrant established an initial working capital reserve
of approximately $71,000 (approximately 0.7% of subscription proceeds raised).
In addition, the Registrant may reserve additional amounts from anticipated cash
distributions to the partners to meet working capital requirements.
Amounts due under master leases are calculated at the end of each month and
billed approximately six to eight days thereafter. Amounts due under short-term
and long-term leases are set forth in the respective lease agreements and are
generally payable monthly. However, payment is normally received within 45-100
days of receipt. Past due penalties are not customarily collected from lessees,
and accordingly are not generally levied by the Leasing Company against lessees
of the Registrant's containers.
(c)(1)(vii) For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995, no single lessee
accounted for 10% or more of the Registrant's rental income. The Registrant does
not believe that its ongoing business is dependent upon a single customer,
although the loss of one or more of its largest customers could have an adverse
effect upon its business.
(c)(1)(viii) Inapplicable.
(c)(1)(ix) Inapplicable.
(c)(1)(x) Competition among container leasing companies is based upon
several factors, including the location and availability of inventory, lease
rates, the type, quality and condition of the containers, the quality and
flexibility of the service offered and the confidence in and professional
relationship with the lessor. Other factors include the speed with which a
leasing company can prepare its containers for lease and the ease with which a
lessee believes it can do business with a lessor or its local area office. The
Leasing Company believes that it, on behalf of the Registrant, competes
favorably on all of these factors.
The Leasing Company, on behalf of the Registrant, competes with various
container leasing companies in the markets in which it conducts business,
including Genstar Container Corp., Transamerica Leasing, Triton Container
International Ltd., Trans Ocean Ltd., Textainer Corp. and others. In a series of
recent consolidations, one of the major leasing companies, as well as some
smaller ones, have been acquired by competitors. It is estimated that at the end
of 1995, the ten largest leasing companies (including the Leasing Company)
represented 94% of the global leased fleet. Genstar Container Corp. and
Transamerica Leasing, the two largest container leasing companies, had
approximately 50% of the worldwide leased container fleet at the end of 1995.
Some of the Leasing Company's competitors have greater financial resources than
the Leasing Company and may be more capable of offering lower per-diem rates on
a larger fleet. In the Leasing Company's experience, however, ocean carriers
will generally lease containers from more than one leasing company in order to
minimize dependence on a single supplier. In addition, not all container leasing
companies compete in the same market, as some supply only dry cargo containers
and not specialized containers, while others offer only long-term leasing.
(c)(1)(xi) Inapplicable.
(c)(1)(xii) Inapplicable.
(c)(1)(xiii) The Registrant, as a limited partnership, is managed by CCC,
the general partner, and accordingly does not itself have any employees. CCC has
27 employees, consisting of 5 officers, 4 other managers and 18 clerical and
staff personnel.
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<PAGE> 8
(d) Financial Information About Foreign and Domestic Operations and Export
Sales
The Registrant's business is not divided between foreign or domestic
operations. The Registrant's business is the leasing of containers worldwide to
ocean-going steamship companies. To this extent, the Registrant's operations are
subject to the fluctuations of worldwide economic and political conditions that
may affect the pattern and levels of world trade.
Rental income from leases to foreign customers constituted approximately
90% of the Registrant's total rental income for the years 1995, 1994 and 1993.
The Registrant believes that the profitability of, and risks associated with,
leases to foreign customers is generally the same as those of leases to domestic
customers. The Registrant's leases generally require all payments to be made in
United States currency.
Item 2. Properties
As of December 31, 1995, the Registrant owned 2,085 twenty-foot, 2,254
forty-foot and 143 forty-foot high-cube marine dry cargo containers suitable for
transporting cargo by rail, sea or highway. The average useful life and
manufacturers' invoice cost of the Registrant's containers as of December 31,
1995 was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Estimated
Useful Life Average Age Average Cost
----------- ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
20-Foot Dry Cargo Containers 10-15 years 6 years $2,410
40-Foot Dry Cargo Containers 10-15 years 8 years $2,624
40-Foot High-Cube Dry Cargo Containers 10-15 years 8 years $4,010
</TABLE>
All but 250 twenty-foot and 1,145 forty-foot containers were originally
acquired from container manufacturers located in Korea and India. Pursuant to
undertakings made in Sections 4.3 and 7.2(j) of the Partnership Agreement in the
Registration Statement (No. 33-16984), the Registrant purchased a total of 250
twenty-foot and 1,145 forty-foot marine dry cargo containers from the general
partner in 1988-1992. These containers were originally purchased by the general
partner from two manufacturers in Korea in 1987 and 1992.
Utilization by lessees of the Registrant's containers fluctuates over time
depending on the supply of and demand for containers in the Registrant's
inventory locations. During 1995, utilization averaged 87%.
During 1995, the Registrant disposed of 103 twenty-foot, 51 forty-foot and
3 forty-foot high-cube marine dry cargo containers at an average book gain of
$513 per container.
Item 3.Legal Proceedings
Inapplicable.
Item 4.Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Inapplicable.
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<PAGE> 9
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder
Matters
(a) Market Information
(a)(1)(i) The Registrant's outstanding units of limited partnership
interests are not traded on any market nor does an established public trading
market exist for such purposes.
(a)(1)(ii) Inapplicable.
(a)(1)(iii) Inapplicable.
(a)(1)(iv) Inapplicable.
(a)(1)(v) Inapplicable.
(a)(2) Inapplicable.
(b) Holders
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Unit Holders
(b)(1) Title of Class as of December 31, 1995
-------------------- ------------------------
<S> <C>
Units of limited partnership
interests 1,250
(c) Dividends
</TABLE>
Inapplicable. For the distributions made by the Registrant to its limited
partners, see Item 6 below, "Selected Financial Data."
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<PAGE> 10
Item 6.Selected Financial Data
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1994 1993 1992 1991
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net lease revenue $2,192,896 $2,181,200 $2,470,770 $2,893,651 $2,950,105
Net earnings $1,580,890 $1,489,343 $1,745,967 $2,112,007 $2,222,772
Net earnings per unit of
limited partnership interest $ 62.53 $ 60.24 $ 74.95 $ 92.19 $ 99.04
Cash distributions per unit of
limited partnership interest $ 106.88 $ 105.00 $ 118.75 $ 107.50 $ 80.00
At year-end:
Total assets $8,529,076 $9,484,299 $10,482,674 $11,450,343 $11,855,941
Long-term obligations $ - $ 7,111 $ 19,265 $ 47,764 $ 67,336
Partners' capital $8,521,965 $9,465,034 $10,434,911 $11,371,355 $11,690,061
</TABLE>
- --------------------
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result
of Operations
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Registrant's primary objective is to generate cash flow from operations
for distribution to its limited partners. Aside from the initial working capital
reserve retained from gross subscription proceeds (equal to approximately 0.7%
of such proceeds), the Registrant relies primarily on container rental receipts
to meet this objective as well as to finance current operating needs. No credit
lines are maintained to finance working capital.
At December 31, 1995, the Registrant had $807,639 in cash and cash
equivalents, an increase of $61,622 from December 31, 1994 and a decrease of
$173,761 from December 31, 1993. A slightly smaller operating fleet size and
fluctuating utilization and per-diem rental rates, contributed to these changes.
The Registrant's allowance for doubtful accounts increased from $109,915 in
1994 to $136,750 in 1995. The Leasing Company has either negotiated specific
payment terms or is pursuing other alternatives in an attempt to collect the
outstanding receivable balances. During 1995, the Leasing Company concentrated
on improving the credit quality of its customer portfolio. The Registrant
expects to gain long-term benefits from the improvement in the credit quality of
this customer portfolio, as the allowance for doubtful accounts and related
expenses should decline in subsequent periods.
Cash distributions from operations are allocated 5% to the general partner
and 95% to the limited partners. Distributions of sales proceeds are allocated
100% to the limited partners. However, if the amount of the limited partners'
capital contributions invested in equipment exceeds the minimum percentage
required by Section 3.5 of the Partnership Agreement and the limited partners
have received cumulative distributions equal to their capital contributions, the
general partner's interest in distributions of cash from operations will be
increased by one percentage point for each 1% of the limited partners' capital
contributions invested in equipment in excess of 80%. During the first quarter
of 1994, distributions of cash from operations were allocated 10% to the general
partner and 90% to the limited partners, pursuant to Sections 6.1(b) and (c) of
the Partnership Agreement. As a result of this threshold being reached,
distributions received by the limited partners are expected to decline from
levels experienced in prior periods. The sharing arrangement will remain in
place until the limited partners receive aggregate distributions in an amount
equal to their adjusted capital contributions plus a 10% cumulative, annual
return on their adjusted capital contributions. Thereafter, all distributions
will be allocated 20% to the general partner and 80% to the limited partners,
pursuant to Sections 6.1(b) and (c) of the Partnership Agreement.
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<PAGE> 11
From inception through February 29, 1996, the Registrant has distributed
$14,667,604 in cash from operations and $503,747 in cash from sales proceeds to
its limited partners. This represents total distributions of $15,171,351, or
approximately 141% of the Registrant's original limited partners' investment.
Distributions to the partners are determined and paid quarterly, based primarily
on each quarter's cash flow from operations and cash generated from container
sales. The Registrant will continue to distribute to its partners all cash
generated from operations and sales proceeds, to the extent possible,
periodically increasing or decreasing working capital reserves, as deemed
appropriate by CCC.
Another of the Registrant's original objectives was to realize the residual
value of its containers after the expiration of their economic useful lives. The
decision to dispose of containers is influenced by various factors including
age, condition, suitability for continued leasing as well as the geographical
location when disposed. Cash generated from sales proceeds should continue to
fluctuate in subsequent periods as a result of these factors. Cash generated
from sales proceeds totaled $190,590, $127,301 and $66,392 for the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
The container leasing market generally softened during the fourth quarter
of 1995 and has remained so during the early months of 1996. Demand for leased
containers remains stable in some areas of the world; however, sluggish activity
in other markets, particularly in Southeast Asia, has resulted in an increase in
container inventories. The current market conditions cannot be attributed to any
one factor; rather, a series of factors, in combination, have resulted in a
slowdown in leasing activity. Some of the contributing factors are: a slowdown
in some European economies, as well as in some Far East exporting countries;
increased efficiencies in the shipping industry through the formation of
alliances between shipping lines; and a prolonged seasonal slowdown in container
demand during the holiday season. Although some further softening in market
conditions may be anticipated, the volume of world trade continues to grow and
the long-term outlook is a positive one.
Results of Operations
1995 - 1994
In 1995, the Registrant's operations were impacted by its declining fleet
size, increasingly competitive market conditions, including, but not limited to,
the container leasing market's resistance to higher per-diem rental rates, an
expanding supply of containers within the container industry, as well as
increased efficiencies in the shipping industry. The Registrant's net lease
revenue, which increased by less than 1% when compared to 1994, is determined by
deducting direct operating expenses, management fees and reimbursed
administrative expenses, from rental revenues billed by the Leasing Company from
the leasing of the Registrant's containers. The Registrant's net lease revenue
is directly related to the size of its fleet and the utilization and per-diem
rental rates of the equipment owned by the Registrant.
During 1995, the Registrant's average fleet size (as measured in
twenty-foot equivalent units ("TEU")) was 6,971 TEU, as compared to 7,154 TEU in
1994. At December 31, 1995, 94% of the original equipment remained in the
Registrant's fleet, and was comprised of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
40-Foot
20-Foot 40-Foot High-Cube
----------- ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Containers on lease:
Term leases 131 228 10
Master lease 1,560 1,618 124
----- ----- ---
Subtotal 1,691 1,846 134
Containers off lease 394 408 9
----- ----- ---
Total container fleet 2,085 2,254 143
===== ===== ===
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
40-Foot
20-Foot 40-Foot High-Cube
------------ ----------- -------------
Units % Units % Units %
----- ---- ----- ---- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Total purchases 2,244 100% 2,396 100% 150 100%
Less disposals 159 7% 142 6% 7 5%
----- --- ----- --- --- ---
Remaining fleet at
December 31, 1995 2,085 93% 2,254 94% 143 95%
===== === ===== === === ===
</TABLE>
-11-
<PAGE> 12
Utilization rates declined slightly from an average of 89% during 1994 to
an average of 87% during 1995. However, gross lease revenues, a component of net
lease revenue, increased from $3,267,529 in 1994 to $3,321,393 in 1995.
Contributing to this increase was a rise in per-diem rental rates of
approximately 1% from 1994 levels, which partially offset the effects of the
declining fleet size and lower utilization rates. A 47% increase in ancillary
revenue from 1994 levels also contributed to the increase in gross rental
revenue. Ancillary revenue contributed to approximately 14% and 10% of the
Registrant's total gross rental revenue in 1995 and 1994, respectively, and was
comprised of pick-up, drop-off, handling and off-hire charges, as well as lease
incentives such as drop-off and pick-up credits.
The Registrant's slightly smaller fleet size contributed to a 3% decline in
depreciation expense during 1995. The Leasing Company makes payments to the
Registrant based upon the rentals collected from ocean carriers after deducting
certain operating expenses associated with the containers, such as base
management fees and reimbursed administrative expense payable to CCC and its
affiliates, the costs of maintenance and repairs not performed by lessees,
independent agent fees and expenses, depot expenses for handling, inspection and
storage, and additional insurance. Rental equipment direct operating expenses
increased 10% when compared to 1994, as a result of those costs usually
associated with lower utilization. Additionally, repair and maintenance, as well
as the cost associated with the recovery actions against the doubtful accounts
of certain lessees, including legal and container recovery expenses, increased
during 1995. Base management fees declined by $13,568, or approximately 6%,
during 1995.
The Registrant disposed of 103 twenty-foot, 51 forty-foot and three
forty-foot high-cube marine dry cargo containers during 1995, as compared to 27
twenty-foot, 42 forty-foot and two forty-foot high-cube marine dry cargo
containers during 1994. As a result, approximately 5% of the Registrant's net
earnings for 1995 were from gain on disposal of equipment, as compared to 3% for
1994. The decision to repair or dispose of a container is made when it is
returned by a lessee. This decision is influenced by various factors including
the age, condition, suitability for continued leasing, as well as the
geographical location of the container when disposed. These factors also
influence the amount of sales proceeds received and the related gain on
container disposals.
1994 - 1993
The container leasing industry began to benefit from a global economic
recovery during the latter half of 1994, experiencing an improvement in
conditions that existed during 1993, including an upward trend in utilization
rates, a reduction in container inventories, and a stabilization of declining
per-diem rental rates during the fourth quarter of 1994. Despite these
conditions, the Registrant's net lease revenue decreased by approximately 12%,
when compared to 1993. During 1994, the Registrant operated a fleet averaging
7,154 TEU, slightly lower than the 7,224 TEU averaged during 1993. The
Registrant's average per-diem rental rates during 1994 were 3% lower than 1993
levels, while utilization averaged 89% during 1994, as compared to the average
rate of 90% experienced during 1993.
Rental equipment direct operating expenses increased as slightly lower
utilization rates resulted in increased storage, handling and repositioning
expenses during 1994. Additionally, the provision for doubtful accounts
increased from $59,404 in 1993 to $108,445 in 1994.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
-12-
<PAGE> 13
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
The Partners
IEA Income Fund VIII,
A California Limited Partnership:
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of IEA Income Fund VIII, A
California Limited Partnership, as of December 31, 1995 and 1994 and the related
statements of operations, partners' capital and cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 1995. These financial statements and the
schedule referred to below are the responsibility of the Partnership's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of IEA Income Fund VIII, A
California Limited Partnership, as of December 31, 1995 and 1994 and the results
of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1995 in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles.
Our audits were made for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic
financial statements taken as a whole. The supplementary information included in
Schedule 1 is presented for purposes of additional analysis and is not a
required part of the basic financial statements. This information has been
subjected to the auditing procedures applied in our audits of the basic
financial statements and, in our opinion, is fairly stated in all material
respects in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole.
Arthur Andersen, LLP
San Francisco, California,
March 15, 1996
-13-
<PAGE> 14
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 1995 AND 1994
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Assets 1995 1994
------ ---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash, includes $151,831 in 1995 and $171,565
in 1994 in interest-bearing accounts $ 152,012 $ 181,017
Short-term investments (note 2) 655,627 565,000
Net lease receivables due from Leasing Company
(notes 1 and 4) 425,492 506,381
----------- -----------
Total current assets 1,233,131 1,252,398
----------- -----------
Container rental equipment, at cost 12,088,535 12,476,930
Less accumulated depreciation 4,792,590 4,245,029
----------- -----------
Net container rental equipment 7,295,945 8,231,901
----------- -----------
$ 8,529,076 $ 9,484,299
=========== ===========
Liabilities and Partners' Capital
---------------------------------
Current liabilities:
Due to general partner
(notes 1 and 5) $ 7,111 $ 12,154
----------- -----------
Total current liabilities 7,111 12,154
----------- -----------
Due to general partner, net (note 5) - 7,111
----------- -----------
Total liabilities 7,111 19,265
----------- -----------
Partners' capital (deficit) (note 9):
General partner 3,171 (6,916)
Limited partners 8,518,794 9,471,950
----------- -----------
Total partners' capital 8,521,965 9,465,034
----------- -----------
$ 8,529,076 $ 9,484,299
=========== ===========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
-14-
<PAGE> 15
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995, 1994 AND 1993
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1995 1994 1993
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net lease revenue (note 7) $2,192,896 $2,181,200 $2,470,770
Other operating expenses:
Depreciation and amortization (notes 1 and 3) 706,143 725,956 772,718
Other general and administrative expenses 34,155 41,535 31,197
---------- ---------- ----------
740,298 767,491 803,915
---------- ---------- ----------
Earnings from operations 1,452,598 1,413,709 1,666,855
Other income:
Interest income 47,700 28,248 30,528
Net gain on disposal of equipment 80,592 47,386 48,584
---------- ---------- ----------
128,292 75,634 79,112
---------- ---------- ----------
Net earnings $1,580,890 $1,489,343 $1,745,967
========== ========== ==========
Allocation of net earnings:
General partner $ 236,960 $ 194,629 $ 135,006
Limited partners 1,343,930 1,294,714 1,610,961
---------- ---------- ----------
$1,580,890 $1,489,343 $1,745,967
========== ========== ==========
Limited partners' per unit share of net earnings $ 62.53 $ 60.24 $ 74.95
========== ========== ==========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
-15-
<PAGE> 16
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS' CAPITAL
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995, 1994 AND 1993
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Limited
Partners General
(Note 9) Partner Total
-------- ------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balances at January 31, 1993 $11,375,382 $ (4,027) $11,371,355
Net earnings 1,610,961 135,006 1,745,967
Cash distributions (2,552,319) (130,092) (2,682,411)
----------- --------- -----------
Balances at December 31, 1993 10,434,024 887 10,434,911
Net earnings 1,294,714 194,629 1,489,343
Cash distributions (2,256,788) (202,432) (2,459,220)
----------- --------- -----------
Balances at December 31, 1994 9,471,950 (6,916) 9,465,034
Net earnings 1,343,930 236,960 1,580,890
Cash distributions (2,297,086) (226,873) (2,523,959)
----------- --------- -----------
Balances at December 31, 1995 $ 8,518,794 $ 3,171 $ 8,521,965
=========== ========= ===========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
-16-
<PAGE> 17
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995, 1994 AND 1993
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1995 1994 1993
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings $1,580,890 $1,489,343 $1,745,967
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash
provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 706,143 725,956 772,718
Net gain on disposal of equipment (80,592) (47,386) (48,584)
Decrease (increase) in net lease receivables
due from Leasing Company 200,705 (42,879) 50,469
----------- ----------- -----------
Total adjustments 826,256 635,691 774,603
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash provided by operating activities 2,407,146 2,125,034 2,520,570
----------- ----------- -----------
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of container rental equipment 190,590 127,301 66,392
Purchases of container rental equipment - - -
Acquisition fees paid to general partner (12,155) (28,498) (31,224)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash provided by investing activities 178,435 98,803 35,168
----------- ----------- -----------
Cash flows used in financing activities:
Distributions to partners (2,523,959) (2,459,220) (2,682,411)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 61,622 (235,383) (126,673)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning at year 746,017 981,400 1,108,073
----------- ----------- -----------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 807,639 $ 746,017 $ 981,400
=========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
-17-
<PAGE> 18
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1995, 1994 AND 1993
(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Nature of Operations
IEA Income Fund VIII, A California Limited Partnership (the
"Partnership") was organized under the laws of the State of California
on August 31, 1987 for the purpose of owning and leasing marine cargo
containers. Cronos Capital Corp. ("CCC") is the general partner and,
with its affiliate Cronos Containers Limited (the "Leasing Company"),
manages and controls the business of the Partnership.
The Partnership commenced operations on January 6, 1988, when the
minimum subscription proceeds of $1,000,000 were obtained. The
Partnership offered 40,000 units of limited partnership interest at
$500 per unit, or $20,000,000. The offering terminated on August 31,
1988, at which time 21,493 limited partnership units had been
purchased.
As of December 31, 1995, the Partnership operated 2,085 twenty-foot,
2,254 forty-foot and 143 forty-foot high-cube marine dry cargo
containers.
(b) Leasing Company and Leasing Agent Agreement
Pursuant to the Limited Partnership Agreement of the Partnership, all
authority to administer the business of the Partnership is vested in
CCC. CCC has entered into a Leasing Agent Agreement whereby the Leasing
Company has the responsibility to manage the leasing operations of all
equipment owned by the Partnership. Pursuant to the Agreement, the
Leasing Company is responsible for leasing, managing and re-leasing the
Partnership's containers to ocean carriers and has full discretion over
which ocean carriers and suppliers of goods and services it may deal
with. The Leasing Agent Agreement permits the Leasing Company to use
the containers owned by the Partnership, together with other containers
owned or managed by the Leasing Company and its affiliates, as part of
a single fleet operated without regard to ownership. Since the Leasing
Agent Agreement meets the definition of an operating lease in Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 13, it is accounted for as
a lease under which the Partnership is lessor and the Leasing Company
is lessee.
The Leasing Agent Agreement generally provides that the Leasing Company
will make payments to the Partnership based upon rentals collected from
ocean carriers after deducting direct operating expenses and management
fees to CCC. The Leasing Company leases containers to ocean carriers,
generally under operating leases which are either master leases or term
leases (mostly one to five years). Master leases do not specify the
exact number of containers to be leased or the term that each container
will remain on hire but allow the ocean carrier to pick up and drop off
containers at various locations; rentals are based upon the number of
containers used and the applicable per-diem rate. Accordingly, rentals
under master leases are all variable and contingent upon the number of
containers used. Most containers are leased to ocean carriers under
master leases; leasing agreements with fixed payment terms are not
material to the financial statements. Since there are no material
minimum lease rentals, no disclosure of minimum lease rentals is
provided in these financial statements.
-18-
<PAGE> 19
IEA INCOME FUND VIII, A
CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(c) Basis of Accounting
The Partnership utilizes the accrual method of accounting. Revenue is
recorded when earned.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires the Partnership to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reported period.
(d) Allocation of Net Earnings and Partnership Distributions
Net earnings have been allocated between general and limited partners
in accordance with the Partnership Agreement.
Actual cash distributions differ from the allocations of net earnings
between the general and limited partners as presented in these
financial statements. Partnership distributions are based on
"distributable cash" and are paid to the general and limited partners
on a quarterly basis, in accordance with the provisions of the
Partnership Agreement. Distributions from operations are allocated 95%
to the limited partners and 5% to the general partner. Sales proceeds
are allocated 100% to the limited partners. However, if the amount of
the limited partners' capital contributions invested in equipment
exceeds the minimum percentage required by Section 3.5 of the
Partnership Agreement, and the limited partners have received
cumulative distributions equal to their capital contributions, the
general partner's interest in distributions from operations will be
increased by one percentage point for each 1% of the limited partners'
capital contribution invested in equipment in excess of 80%.
These allocations remain in effect until such time as the limited
partners have received from the Partnership aggregate distributions in
an amount equal to their capital contributions plus a 10% cumulative,
compounded (daily), annual return on their adjusted capital
contributions. Thereafter, all Partnership distributions will be
allocated 85% to the limited partners and 15% to the general partner.
(e) Acquisition Fees
Pursuant to Article IV Section 4.2 of the Partnership Agreement,
acquisition fees paid to CCC are based on 5% of the equipment purchase
price. These fees are capitalized and included in the cost of the
rental equipment. The fees are payable in five equal annual
installments commencing in the year of purchase.
(f) Rental Equipment - Depreciation
Rental equipment is depreciated over a twelve-year life on a
straight-line basis to its estimated salvage value.
(g) Amortization
The Partnership's organization costs were amortized over 60 months on a
straight-line basis.
-19-
<PAGE> 20
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(h) Income Taxes
The Partnership is not subject to income taxes, consequently no
provision for income taxes has been made. The Partnership files an
annual information tax return, prepared on the accrual basis of
accounting. At December 31, 1995, the tax basis of total partners'
capital was $3,447,509.
(i) Foreign Operations
The Partnership's business is not divided between foreign or domestic
operations. The Partnership's business is the leasing of containers
worldwide to ocean-going steamship companies and does not fit the
definition of reportable foreign operations within Financial Accounting
Standards Board Statement No. 14 "Financial Reporting for Segments of a
Business Enterprise." Any attempt to separate "foreign" operations from
"domestic" operations would be dependent on definitions and assumptions
that are so subjective as to render the information meaningless and
potentially misleading.
(j) Financial Statement Presentation
The Partnership has determined that for accounting purposes the Leasing
Agent Agreement is a lease, and the receivables, payables, gross
revenues and operating expenses attributable to the containers managed
by the Leasing Company are, for accounting purposes, those of the
Leasing Company and not of the Partnership. Consequently, the
Partnership's balance sheets and statement of operations display the
payments to be received by the Partnership from the Leasing Company as
the Partnership's receivables and revenues.
(2) Short-term Investments
Short-term investments are carried at cost which approximates market value.
Short-term investments with an original maturity of less than three months
are considered cash equivalents.
(3) Organization Costs
The Partnership incurred $386,635 in offering and organizational costs
during its offering period. The costs were fully amortized during 1993.
Amortization of these costs was $39,870 for the year ended December 31,
1993.
-20-
<PAGE> 21
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(4) Net Lease Receivables Due from Leasing Company
Net lease receivables due from the Leasing Company are determined by
deducting direct operating payables and accrued expenses, base management
fees payable, and reimbursed administrative expenses payable to CCC and its
affiliates from the rental billings payable by the Leasing Company to the
Partnership under operating leases to ocean carriers for the containers
owned by the Partnership. Net lease receivables at December 31, 1995 and
December 31, 1994 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31, December 31,
1995 1994
----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Lease receivables, net of doubtful accounts
of $136,750 in 1995 and $109,915 in 1994 $773,483 $855,929
Less:
Direct operating payables and accrued expenses 166,803 114,443
Damage protection reserve (note 6) 92,138 137,410
Base management fees 75,211 82,030
Reimbursed administrative expenses 13,839 15,665
-------- --------
$425,492 $506,381
======== ========
</TABLE>
(5) Due to General Partner
The amounts due to CCC at December 31, 1995 and 1994, consist of
acquisition fees.
(6) Damage Protection Plan
The Leasing Company offers a repair service to several lessees of the
Partnership's containers, whereby the lessee pays an additional rental fee
for the convenience of having the Partnership incur the repair expense for
containers damaged while on lease. This revenue is recorded when earned
according to the terms of the rental contract. A reserve has been
established to provide for the estimated costs incurred by this service.
This reserve is a component of net lease receivables due from the Leasing
Company (see note 4). The Partnership is not responsible in the event
repair costs exceed predetermined limits, or for repairs that are required
for damages not defined by the damage protection plan agreement.
(7) Net Lease Revenue
Net lease revenue is determined by deducting direct operating expenses,
management fees and reimbursed administrative expenses to CCC from the
rental revenue billed by the Leasing Company under operating leases to
ocean carriers for the containers owned by the Partnership. Net lease
revenue for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993, was as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1995 1994 1993
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Rental revenue (note 10) $3,321,393 $3,267,529 $3,443,239
Rental equipment operating expenses 720,743 655,052 507,956
Base management fees (note 8) 224,843 238,411 234,417
Reimbursed administrative expenses (note 8) 182,911 192,866 230,096
---------- ---------- ----------
$2,192,896 $2,181,200 $2,470,770
========== ========== ==========
</TABLE>
-21-
<PAGE> 22
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(8) Compensation to General Partner
Base management fees are equal to 7% of gross lease revenues attributable
to operating leases pursuant to Section 4.4 of the Partnership Agreement.
Reimbursed administrative expenses are equal to the costs expended by CCC
for services necessary to the prudent operation of the Partnership pursuant
to Section 4.5 of the Partnership Agreement. The following compensation was
paid or will be paid by the Partnership to CCC:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1995 1994 1993
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Base management fees $224,843 $238,411 $234,417
Reimbursed administrative expenses 182,911 192,866 230,096
-------- -------- --------
$407,754 $431,277 $464,513
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
(9) Limited Partners' Capital
Cash distributions made to the limited partners during 1995, 1994 and 1993
included distributions of proceeds from equipment sales in the amount of
$255,231, $80,600 and $80,599, respectively. This distribution, as well as
cash distributed from operations, are used in determining "Adjusted Capital
Contributions" as defined by the Partnership Agreement.
The limited partners' per unit share of capital at December 31, 1995, 1994
and 1993 was $396, $441 and $485 , respectively. This is calculated by
dividing the limited partners' capital at the end of the year by the total
number of limited partnership units, 21,493.
(10) Major Lessees
No single lessee contributed more than 10% of the rental revenue earned
during 1995, 1994 and 1993.
-22-
<PAGE> 23
Schedule 1
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
SCHEDULE OF REIMBURSED ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
PURSUANT TO ARTICLE IV SECTION 4.5
OF THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995, 1994 AND 1993
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1995 1994 1993
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Salaries $ 93,050 $ 90,329 $119,849
Other payroll related expenses 14,335 25,358 34,203
General and administrative expenses 75,526 77,179 76,044
-------- -------- --------
Total reimbursed administrative expenses $182,911 $192,866 $230,096
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
-23-
<PAGE> 24
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure
Inapplicable.
-24-
<PAGE> 25
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
The Registrant, as such, has no officers or directors, but is managed by
CCC, the general partner. The officers and directors of CCC at January 31, 1995,
are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Office
-------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Dennis J. Tietz President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
John P. McDonald Vice President/Sales
Elinor Wexler Vice President/Administration and Secretary
John Kallas Vice President/Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
Laurence P. Sargent Director
Stefan M. Palatin Director
A. Darrell Ponniah Director
</TABLE>
DENNIS J. TIETZ Mr. Tietz, 43, as President and Chief Executive Officer,
is responsible for the general management of CCC. From 1986 until August 1992,
Mr. Tietz was responsible for the organization, marketing and after-market
support of CCC's investment programs. Mr. Tietz is also President and a director
of Cronos Securities Corp. and a director of The Cronos Group. Mr. Tietz was a
regional manager for CCC, responsible for various container leasing activities
in the U.S. and Europe from 1981 to 1986. Prior to joining CCC in December 1981,
Mr. Tietz was employed by Trans Ocean Leasing Corporation as Regional Manager
based in Houston, with responsibility for all leasing and operational activities
in the U.S. Gulf.
Mr. Tietz holds a B.S. degree in Business Administration from San Jose
State University and is a Registered Securities Principal with the NASD.
JOHN P. MCDONALD Mr. McDonald, 34, was elected Vice President - National
Sales Manager of CCC in August 1992, with responsibility for marketing CCC's
investment programs. Since 1988, Mr. McDonald had been Regional Marketing
Manager for the Southwestern U.S. From 1983 to 1988, Mr. McDonald held a number
of container leasing positions with CCC, the most recent of which was as Area
Manager for Belgium and the Netherlands, based in Antwerp.
Mr. McDonald holds a B.S. degree in Business Administration from Bryant
College, Rhode Island. Mr. McDonald is also a Vice President of Cronos
Securities Corp.
ELINOR A. WEXLER Ms. Wexler, 47, was elected Vice President -
Administration and Secretary of CCC in August 1992. Ms. Wexler has been employed
by the General Partner since 1987, and is responsible for investor services,
compliance and securities registration. From 1983 to 1987, Ms. Wexler was
Manager of Investor Services for The Robert A. McNeil Corporation, a real estate
syndication company, in San Mateo, California. From 1971 to 1983, Ms. Wexler
held various positions, including securities trader and international research
editor, with Nikko Securities Co., International, based in San Francisco.
Ms. Wexler attended the University of Oregon, Portland State University and
the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Ms. Wexler is also Vice President
and Secretary of Cronos Securities Corp. and a Registered Principal with the
NASD.
JOHN KALLAS Mr. Kallas, 33, was elected Vice President/Treasurer and
Chief Financial Officer of CCC in December 1993 and is directly responsible for
CCC's accounting operations and reporting activities. Mr. Kallas has held
various accounting positions since joining CCC in 1989, including Controller,
Director of Accounting and Corporate Accounting Manager. From 1985 to 1989, Mr.
Kallas was an accountant with KPMG Peat Marwick, San Francisco, California.
Mr. Kallas holds a B.S. degree in Business Administration from the
University of San Francisco and is a certified public accountant. Mr. Kallas
is also Treasurer of Cronos Securities Corp.
-25-
<PAGE> 26
LAURENCE P. SARGENT Mr. Sargent, 66, joined the Board of Directors of
CCC in 1991. Mr. Sargent was a founder of Leasing Partners International
("LPI") and served as its Managing Director from 1983 until 1991. From 1977 to
1983, Mr. Sargent held a number of positions with Trans Ocean Leasing
Corporation, the last of which was as a director of its refrigerated container
leasing activities. From 1971 to 1977, Mr. Sargent was employed by SSI
Container Corporation (later Itel Container International), ultimately serving
as Vice President / Far East. Prior to that, Mr. Sargent was a Vice President
of Pacific Intermountain Express, a major U.S. motor carrier, responsible for
its bulk container division. Mr. Sargent holds a B.A. degree from Stanford
University. Mr. Sargent also serves as a director of the Institute of
International Container Lessors ("IICL"), an industry trade association. Mr.
Sargent is also a director of Cronos Securities Corp.
Mr. Sargent retired as Deputy Chairman of the Group as of January 1, 1996.
He will remain a director of CCC, The Cronos Group, as well as other various
subsidiaries of The Cronos Group.
STEFAN M. PALATIN Mr. Palatin, 42, joined the Board of Directors of CCC
in January 1993. Mr. Palatin is Chairman and CEO of The Cronos Group, and was a
founder of LPI in 1983. From 1980 to 1991, Mr. Palatin was an executive director
of the Contrin Group, which has provided financing to the container leasing
industry, as well as other business ventures, and has sponsored limited
partnerships organized in Austria. From 1977 to 1980, Mr. Palatin was a
consultant to a number of companies in Austria, including Contrin. From 1973 to
1977, Mr. Palatin was a sales manager for Generali AG, the largest insurance
group in Austria.
Mr. Palatin, who is based in Austria, holds a Doctorate in Business
Administration from the University of Economics and World Trade in Vienna. Mr.
Palatin is also a director of The Cronos Group.
A. DARRELL PONNIAH Mr. Ponniah, 46, was elected to the Board of
Directors of CCC in January 1993. Mr. Ponniah is Chief Financial Officer of The
Cronos Group and is based in the United Kingdom. Prior to joining Cronos in
1991, Mr. Ponniah was employed by the Barclays Bank Group and served as Chief
Operating Officer of Barclays European Equipment Finance. From 1973 to 1988,
Mr. Ponniah was employed by Rank Xerox, the European-based subsidiary of Xerox
Corporation of the U.S.A., in a number of positions, the most recent of which
was as Group Controller and Chief Financial Officer of the International
Equipment Financing Division of Rank Xerox Limited.
Mr. Ponniah is an honors graduate of Manchester University in England and
holds post graduate degrees in operational research from Brunel University and
in Business Administration from the Manchester Business School. Mr. Ponniah is
also a director of The Cronos Group and Cronos Securities Corp.
The key management personnel of the Leasing Company at January 31, 1996,
were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Title
--------------------- --------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Nigel J. Stribley President
John M. Foy Vice President/Americas
Geoffrey J. Mornard Vice President/Europe, Middle East and Africa
Danny Wong Vice President/Asia Pacific
David Heather Vice President/Technical Services
John C. Kirby Vice President/Operations
J. Gordon Steel Vice President/Tank Container Division
</TABLE>
NIGEL J. STRIBLEY Mr. Stribley, 42, has been responsible for the general
management of the Leasing Company since September 1991. From 1985 to 1991, Mr.
Stribley was a director of LPI, based in the United Kingdom and responsible for
worldwide lease marketing and operations of refrigerated containers. From 1978
to 1985, Mr. Stribley was employed by Sea Containers Limited, London, where he
was involved in refrigerated container leasing, ultimately as Manager of
Refrigerated Containers with responsibility for world-wide activities. From 1975
to 1978, Mr. Stribley was employed by Sealand Containerships, Ltd., the United
Kingdom subsidiary of a major U.S. container shipping company, as a management
trainee and later as Operations Manager and a Container Terminal Manager.
-26-
<PAGE> 27
Mr. Stribley holds a BA degree with honors from Bristol University in
England. Mr. Stribley is a director of The Cronos Group.
JOHN M. FOY Mr. Foy, 50, is directly responsible for the Leasing
Company's lease marketing and operations in North America, Central America, and
South America, and is based in San Francisco. From 1985 to 1993, Mr. Foy was
Vice President/Pacific with responsibility for dry cargo container lease
marketing and operations in the Pacific Basin. From 1977 to 1985 Mr. Foy was
Vice President of Marketing for Nautilus Leasing Services in San Francisco with
responsibility for worldwide leasing activities. From 1974 to 1977, Mr. Foy was
Regional Manager for Flexi-Van Leasing, a container lessor, with responsibility
for container leasing activities in the Western United States. Mr. Foy holds a
B.A. degree in Political Science from University of the Pacific, and a Bachelor
of Foreign Trade from Thunderbird Graduate School of International Management.
GEOFFREY J. MORNARD Mr. Mornard, 36, is directly responsible for the
Leasing Company's lease marketing and operations in Europe, the Middle East and
Africa. From 1991 to 1993, Mr. Mornard was Director of Marketing for
refrigerated containers in Australia and New Zealand. From 1989 to 1991, Mr.
Mornard held the same position with LPI. From 1979 to 1989, Mr. Mornard was
employed by Cooltainer Services, Ltd., a refrigerated container carrier company,
initially as Melbourne Branch Manager, later as Sydney Branch Manager, and
ultimately as Australian Trade Manager, responsible for marketing and operations
of all container traffic to and from Australia.
DANNY WONG Mr. Wong, 42, is responsible for the Leasing Company's lease
marketing and operations in Asia, Australia and the Indian sub-continent, and is
based in Singapore. From 1991 to 1993, Mr. Wong was Vice President/Refrigerated
Containers, responsible for the marketing of refrigerated containers worldwide
for the Leasing Company. From 1988 to 1991, Mr. Wong was employed by LPI, as
Director of Marketing for the Far East and Southeast Asia based in Singapore.
From 1987 to 1988, Mr. Wong was a district manager in Singapore covering leasing
activities in Southeast Asia for Gelco CTI, a major container leasing company.
From 1979 to 1987, Mr. Wong was employed by Flexi-Van Leasing in Singapore as a
sales manager and later as Regional Manager for Southeast Asia and the Indian
sub-continent. Mr. Wong holds a Diploma in Marketing Management from the
Singapore Institute of Management.
DAVID HEATHER Mr. Heather, 48, is responsible for all technical and
engineering activities of the fleet managed by the Leasing Company. Mr. Heather
was Technical Director for LPI, based in the United Kingdom, from 1986 to 1991.
From 1980 to 1986, Mr. Heather was employed by ABC Containerline NV as Technical
Manager with technical responsibility for the shipping line's fleet of dry
cargo, refrigerated and other specialized container equipment. From 1974 to
1980, Mr. Heather was Technical Supervisor for ACT Services Ltd., a shipping
line, with responsibility for technical activities related to refrigerated
containers. Mr. Heather holds a Marine Engineering Certificate from Riversdale
Marine Technical College in England.
JOHN C. KIRBY Mr. Kirby, 42, is responsible for container purchasing,
contract and billing administration, container repairs and leasing-related
systems, and is based in the United Kingdom. Mr. Kirby joined CCC in 1985 as
European Technical Manager and advanced to Director of European Operations in
1986, a position he held with CCC, and later the Leasing Company, until his
promotion to Vice President/Operations of the Leasing Company in 1992. From 1982
to 1985, Mr. Kirby was employed by CLOU Containers a container leasing company,
as Technical Manager based in Hamburg, Germany. Mr. Kirby acquired a
professional engineering qualification from the Mid-Essex Technical College in
England.
J. GORDON STEEL Mr. Steel, 63, is directly responsible for the overall
lease marketing activity for the Leasing Company's Tank Container Division. From
1990 to 1992, Mr. Steel held the position of Director/General Manager for
Tiphook Container's Tank Division. From 1977 to 1990, Mr. Steel held various
managerial positions, involving manufacturing and transportation of hazardous
materials, with Laporte Industries and ICI, major chemical distribution
companies. Mr. Steel is a qualified Chemical Engineer and attended the Associate
Royal Technical College in Scotland.
-27-
<PAGE> 28
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The Registrant pays a management fee and will reimburse the general partner
for various administrative expenses.
The Registrant also makes quarterly distributions to its partners (general
and limited) from distributable cash from operations (allocated 95% to the
limited partners and 5% to the general partner) or sales proceeds (allocated
100% to the limited partners). However, if the amount of the limited partners'
capital contributions invested in equipment exceeds the minimum percentage
required by Section 3.5 of the Limited Partnership Agreement, and the limited
partners have received cumulative distributions equal to their capital
contributions, the general partner's interest in distributions from operations
and sales proceeds will be increased by one percentage point for each 1% of the
limited partners' capital contribution invested in equipment in excess of 80%.
The allocation of distributions of cash from sales proceeds remains unchanged.
During the first quarter of 1994, distributions of cash from operations were
allocated 10% to the general partner and 90% to the limited partners, pursuant
to Sections 6.1 (b) and (c) of the Partnership Agreement.
These allocations will remain in effect until such time as the limited
partners have received from the Partnership aggregate distributions in an amount
equal to their adjusted capital contributions plus a 10% cumulative, compounded
(daily), annual return on their adjusted capital contributions. Thereafter, all
Partnership distributions will be allocated 80% to the limited partners and 20%
to the general partner.
The Registrant does not pay or reimburse CCC and its affiliates for any
remuneration payable by them to their executive officers, directors or any other
controlling persons. However, the Registrant does reimburse the general partner
for certain services pursuant to Section 4.5 of the Partnership Agreement. These
services include but are not limited to (i) salaries and related salary expenses
for services which could be performed directly for the Registrant by independent
parties, such as legal, accounting, transfer agent, data processing, operations,
communications, duplicating and other such services; and, (ii) performing
administrative services necessary to the prudent operations of the Registrant.
The following table sets forth the fees the Registrant paid (on a cash
basis) to CCC for the fiscal year 1995.
Cash Fees and Distributions
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Cash Fees and
Name Description Distributions
---- ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
1) CCC Acquisition fee - equal to 5% of the purchase $ 12,154
price of containers acquired by the Registrant
pursuant to Section 4.2 of the Limited
Partnership Agreement
2) CCC Base management fees - equal to 7% of gross $241,137
lease revenues attributable to operating
leases pursuant to Section 4.4 of the
Limited Partnership Agreement
3) CCC Reimbursed administrative expenses - equal to $184,738
the costs expended by CCC for services
necessary to the prudent operation of the
Registrant pursuant to Section 4.5 of the
Limited Partnership Agreement
4) CCC Interest in Fund - 5% of distributions of $226,873
distributable cash for any quarter pursuant
to Section 6.1 of the Limited Partnership
Agreement
</TABLE>
-28-
<PAGE> 29
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
(a) Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
There is no person or "group" of persons known to the management of CCC, the
general partner of the Registrant, to be the beneficial owner of more than five
percent of the outstanding units of limited partnership interests of the
Registrant.
(b) Security Ownership of Management
The Registrant has no directors or officers. It is managed by CCC, the
general partner. Ownership of units of limited partnership interests of the
Registrant by CCC, its officers and/or director of CCC is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number Percent of
Name of Beneficial Owner of Units All Units
-------------------------------------- -------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Elinor Wexler 15.0 0.07%
Cronos Capital Corp. 166.2 0.77%
----- ----
Officers, Directors and CCC as a Group 181.2 0.84%
===== ====
</TABLE>
(c) Changes in Control
Inapplicable.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
(a) Transactions with Management and Others
The Registrant's only transactions with management and other related parties
during 1995 were limited to those fees paid or amounts committed to be paid (on
an annual basis) to CCC, the general partner. See Item 11, "Executive
Compensation," herein.
(b) Certain Business Relationships
Inapplicable.
(c) Indebtedness of Management
Inapplicable.
(d) Transactions with Promoters
Inapplicable.
-29-
<PAGE> 30
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K
(a)1. Financial Statements
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page
----
<S> <C>
The following financial statements of the Registrant are included in Part II, Item 8:
Report of Independent Public Accountants .............................................. 13
Balance sheets - December 31, 1995 and 1994 ........................................... 14
Statements of operations - for the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993.................................................... 15
Statements of partners' capital - for the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993.................................................... 16
Statements of cash flows - for the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993.................................................... 17
Notes to financial statements ......................................................... 18
</TABLE>
All other schedules are omitted as the information is not required or the
information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.
-30-
<PAGE> 31
(a)3. Exhibits
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit
No. Description Method of Filing
------- ----------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C>
3(a) Limited Partnership Agreement of the Registrant, amended and
restated as of October 13, 1987 *
3(b) Certificate of Limited Partnership of the Registrant **
27 Financial Data Schedule Filed with this document
</TABLE>
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
No reports on Form 8-K were filed by the Registrant during the
quarter ended December 31, 1995
- --------------
* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit "A" to the Prospectus of the
Registrant dated October 13, 1987, included as part of Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-16984)
** Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (No. 33-16984)
-31-
<PAGE> 32
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
IEA INCOME FUND VIII,
A California Limited Partnership
By Cronos Capital Corp.
The General Partner
By /s/ John Kallas
--------------------------------
John Kallas
Vice President/Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
Principal Accounting Officer
Date: March 28, 1996
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Cronos
Capital Corp., the general partner of the Registrant, in the capacities and on
the dates indicated:
Signature Title Date
/s/ Dennis J. Tietz President and Director of March 28, 1996
- ---------------------------- Cronos Capital Corp.
Dennis J. Tietz ("CCC") (Principal Executive
Officer of CCC)
/s/ John Kallas Vice President/Treasurer and March 28, 1996
- ---------------- Chief Financial Officer
John Kallas (Principal Accounting Officer
of CCC)
/s/ Laurence P. Sargent Director of CCC March 28, 1996
- ------------------------
Laurence P. Sargent
/s/ A. Darrell Ponniah Director of CCC March 28, 1996
- -----------------------
A. Darrell Ponniah
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
The Registrant's annual report will be furnished to its limited partners on
or about April 30, 1996. Copies of the annual report will be concurrently
furnished to the Commission for information purposes only, and shall not be
deemed to be filed with the Commission.
<PAGE> 33
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit
No. Description Method of Filing
------- ----------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C>
3(a) Limited Partnership Agreement of the Registrant, amended and *
restated as of October 13, 1987
3(b) Certificate of Limited Partnership of the Registrant **
27 Financial Data Schedule Filed with this document
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit "A" to the Prospectus of the Registrant
dated October 13, 1987, included as part of Registration Statement on Form
S-1 (No. 33-16984)
** Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (No. 33-16984)
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE BALANCE
SHEET AT DECEMBER 31, 1995 AND THE STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS
ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INCLUDED AS PART OF ITS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR THE
PERIOD DECEMBER 31, 1995.
</LEGEND>
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> 12-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1995
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1995
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1995
<CASH> 807,639
<SECURITIES> 0
<RECEIVABLES> 425,492
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 0
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 1,233,131
<PP&E> 12,088,535
<DEPRECIATION> 4,792,590
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 8,529,076
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 7,111
<BONDS> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 0
<OTHER-SE> 8,521,965
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 8,529,076
<SALES> 0
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 2,321,188
<CGS> 0
<TOTAL-COSTS> 740,298
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 0
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 0
<INCOME-PRETAX> 0
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> 0
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> 1,580,890
<EPS-PRIMARY> 0
<EPS-DILUTED> 0
</TABLE>
