CETEK TECHNOLOGIES INC
10SB12G/A, EX-3.2, 2000-06-23
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                            CETEK TECHNOLOGIES INC.
                                     BY-LAWS

                            ARTICLE I - STOCKHOLDERS

                  SECTION 1.        ANNUAL MEETING.

                  An annual meeting of the stockholders, for the election of
directors to succeed those whose terms expire and for the transaction of such
other business as may properly come before the meeting, shall be held at such
place, on such date, and at such time as the Board of Directors shall each year
fix, which date shall be within thirteen months subsequent to the later of the
date of incorporation or the last annual meeting of stockholders.

                  SECTION 2.        SPECIAL MEETINGS.

                  Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or
purposes prescribed in the notice of the meeting, may be called by the Board of
Directors or the chief executive officer and shall be held at such place, on
such date, and at such time as they or he or she shall fix.

                  SECTION 3.        NOTICE OF MEETINGS.

                  Written notice of the place, date, and time of all meetings of
the stockholders shall be given, not less than ten nor more than sixty days
before the date on which the meeting is to be held, to each stockholder entitled
to vote at such meeting, except as otherwise provided herein or required by law
(meaning, here and hereinafter, as required from time to time by the Delaware
General Corporation Law or the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation).

                  When a meeting is adjourned to another place, date or time,
written notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the place, date and
time thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken;
provided, however, that if the date of any adjourned meeting is more than thirty
days after the date for which the meeting was originally noticed, or if a new
record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, written notice of the place,
date, and time of the adjourned meeting shall be given in conformity herewith.
At any adjourned meeting, any business may be transacted which might have been
transacted at the original meeting.

                  SECTION 4.        QUORUM.

                  At any meeting of the stockholders, the holders of a majority
of all of the votes entitled to be voted at the meeting, present in person or by
proxy, shall constitute a quorum for all purposes, unless or except to the
extent that the presence of a larger number may be required by law.

                  If a quorum shall fail to attend any meeting, the chairman of
the meeting or the holders of a majority of the votes who are present, in person
or by proxy, may adjourn the meeting to another place, date, or time.

                  If a notice of any adjourned special meeting of stockholders
is sent to all stockholders entitled to vote thereat, stating that it will be
held with those present constituting a quorum, then except as otherwise required
by law, those present at such adjourned meeting shall constitute a quorum, and
all matters shall be determined by a majority of the votes cast at such meeting.

                  SECTION 5.        ORGANIZATION.

                  Such person as the Board of Directors may have designated or,
in the absence of such a person, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or, in
his or her absence, such person as may be chosen by the holders of a majority of
the shares entitled to vote who are present, in person or by proxy, shall call
to order any meeting of the stockholders and act as chairman of the meeting. In



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the absence of the Secretary of the Corporation, the secretary of the meeting
shall be such person as the chairman appoints.

                  SECTION 6.        CONDUCT OF BUSINESS.

                  The chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine
the order of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such
regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of discussion as seem to him
or her in order.

                  SECTION 7.        PROXIES AND VOTING.

                  At any meeting of the stockholders, every stockholder entitled
to vote may vote in person or by proxy authorized by an instrument in writing
filed in accordance with the procedure established for the meeting.

                  Each stockholder shall have one vote for every share of stock
entitled to vote which is registered in his or her name on the record date for
the meeting, except as otherwise provided herein or in the Corporation's
Certificate of Incorporation or as required by law.

                  All voting, including on the election of directors but
excepting where otherwise required by law, may be by a voice vote; provided,
however, that upon demand therefor by a stockholder entitled to vote or his or
her proxy, a stock vote shall be taken. Every stock vote shall be taken by
ballots, each of which shall state the name of the stockholder or proxy voting
and such other information as may be required under the procedure established
for the meeting. Every vote taken by ballots shall be counted by an inspector or
inspectors appointed by the chairman of the meeting.

                  All elections shall be determined by a plurality of the votes
cast, and except as otherwise required by law, all other matters shall be
determined by a majority of the votes cast.

                  SECTION 8.        STOCK LIST.

                  A complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at any
meeting of stockholders, arranged in alphabetical order for each class of stock
and showing the address of each such stockholder and the number of shares
registered in his or her name, shall be open to the examination of any such
stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business
hours for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a
place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be
specified in the notice of the meeting, or if not so specified, at the place
where the meeting is to be held.

                  The stock list shall also be kept at the place of the meeting
during the whole time thereof and shall be open to the examination of any such
stockholder who is present. This list shall presumptively determine the identity
of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and the number of shares
held by each of them.

                  SECTION 9.        CONSENT OF STOCKHOLDERS IN LIEU OF MEETING.

                  Any action required to be taken at any annual or special
meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, or any action which may be taken at
any annual or special meeting of the stockholders, may be taken without a
meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in
writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of
outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be
necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares
entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the
Corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware, its principal
place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of
the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery
made to the Corporation's registered office shall be made by hand or by
certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.

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                  Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each
stockholder who signs the consent and no written consent shall be effective to
take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty days of the
date the earliest dated consent is delivered to the Corporation, a written
consent or consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to take action are
delivered to the Corporation in the manner prescribed in the first paragraph of
this Section.

                  ARTICLE II - BOARD OF DIRECTORS

                  SECTION 1.        NUMBER AND TERM OF OFFICE.

                  The number of directors who shall constitute the whole Board
shall be such number as the Board of Directors shall from time to time have
designated, except that in the absence of any such designation, such number
shall be five (5). Each director shall be elected for a term of one year or
until his or her successor is elected and qualified, except as otherwise
provided herein or required by law.

                  Whenever the authorized number of directors is increased
between annual meetings of the stockholders, a majority of the directors then in
office shall have the power to elect such new directors for the balance of a
term and until their successors are elected and qualified. Any decrease in the
authorized number of directors shall not become effective until the expiration
of the term of the directors then in office unless, at the time of such
decrease, there shall be vacancies on the board which are being eliminated by
the decrease.

                  SECTION 2.        VACANCIES.

                  If the office of any director becomes vacant by reason of
death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other cause, a majority of the
directors remaining in office, although less than a quorum, may elect a
successor for the unexpired term and until his or her successor is elected and
qualified.

                  SECTION 3.        REGULAR MEETINGS.

                  Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at
such place or places, on such date or dates, and at such time or times as shall
have been established by the Board of Directors and publicized among all
directors. A notice of each regular meeting shall not be required.

                  SECTION 4.        SPECIAL MEETINGS.

                  Special meetings of the Board of directors may be called by
one-third of the directors then in office (rounded up to the nearest whole
number) or by the Chairman of the Board or by the President and shall be held at
such place, on such date, and at such time as they or he or she shall fix.
Notice of the place, date, and time of each such special meeting shall be given
each director by whom it is not waived by mailing written not less than five
days before the meeting or by telegraphing the same not less than twenty-four
hours before the meeting. Unless otherwise indicated in the notice thereof, any
and all business may be transacted at a special meeting.

                  SECTION 5.        QUORUM.

                  At any meeting of the Board of Directors, one-third of the
total number of the whole Board (rounded up to the nearest whole number) shall
constitute a quorum for all purposes. If a quorum shall fail to attend any
meeting, a majority of those present may adjourn the meeting to another place,
date, or time, without further notice or waiver thereof.

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                  SECTION 6.        PARTICIPATION IN MEETINGS BY CONFERENCE
                                    TELEPHONE.

                  Members of the Board of Directors, or of any committee
thereof, may participate in a meeting of such Board or committee by means of
conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all
persons participating in the meeting can hear each other and such participation
shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

                  SECTION 7.        CONDUCT OF BUSINESS.

                  At any meeting of the Board of Directors, business shall be
transacted in such order and manner as the Board may from time to time
determine, and all matters shall be determined by the vote of a majority of the
directors present, except as otherwise provided herein or required by law.
Action may be taken by the Board of Directors without a meeting if all members
thereof consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with
the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors.

                  SECTION 8.        POWERS.

                  The Board of Directors may, except as otherwise required by
law, exercise all such powers and do all such acts And things as may be
exercised or done by the Corporation, including, without limiting the generality
of the foregoing, the unqualified power:

                           (1) To declare dividends from time to time in
                  accordance with law;

                           (2) To purchase or otherwise acquire any property,
                  rights or privileges on such terms as it shall determine;

                           (3) To authorize the creation, making and issuance,
                  in such form as it may determine, of written obligations of
                  every kind, negotiable or non-negotiable, secured or
                  unsecured, and to do all things necessary in conjunction
                  therewith;

                           (4) To remove any officer of the Corporation with or
                  without cause, and from time to time to devolve the powers and
                  duties of any officer upon any other person for the time
                  being;

                           (5) To confer upon any officer of the corporation the
                  power to appoint, remove and suspend subordinate officers,
                  employees and agents;

                           (6) To adopt from time to time such stock option,
                  stock purchase, bonus or other compensation plans for
                  directors, officers, employees and agents of the Corporation
                  and its subsidiaries as it may determine;

                           (7) To adopt from time to time such insurance.,
                  retirement, and other benefit plans for directors, officers,,
                  employees and agents of the Corporation and its subsidiaries
                  as it may determine; and,

                           (8) To adopt from time to time regulations, not
                  inconsistent with these By-Laws, for the management of the
                  Corporation's business and affairs.

                  SECTION 9.        COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS.

                  Directors, as such, may receive, pursuant to resolution of the
Board of Directors, fixed fees and other compensation for their services as
directors, including, without limitation, their services as members of
committees of the Board of Directors.

                  SECTION 10.       DIVISION AND DEPARTMENTS.

                  The Board of Directors may cause the business and operations
of the Corporation to be divided into divisions based upon such basis of


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division as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine to be
advisable, and may cause the business and operations of any such division to be
further divided into sub-divisions or departments if deemed advisable by the
Board of Directors and upon such basis of subdivision as the Board may
determine.

                            ARTICLE III - COMMITTEES

                  SECTION 1.        COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

                  The Board of Directors, by a vote of a majority of the whole
Board, may from time to time designate committees of the Board, with such
lawfully delegable powers and duties as it thereby confers, to serve at the
pleasure of the Board and shall, for those committees and any others provided
for herein, elect a director or directors to serve as the member or members,
designating, if it desires, other directors as alternate members who may replace
any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. Any committee
so designated may exercise the power and authority of the Board of Directors to
declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock or to adopt a certificate
of ownership and merger pursuant to Section 253 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law if the resolution which designates the committee or a
supplemental resolution of the Board of Directors shall so provide. In the
absence or disqualification of any member of any committee and any alternate
member in his place, the member or members of the committee present at the
meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or she or they
constitute a quorum, may by unanimous vote appoint another member of the Board
of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of the absent or disqualified
member.

                  SECTION 2.        CONDUCT BUSINESS.

                  Each committee may determine the procedural rules for meeting
and conducting its business and shall act in accordance therewith, except as
otherwise provided herein or required by law. Adequate provision shall be made
for notice to members of all meetings; one-third of the members shall constitute
a quorum unless the committee shall consist of one or two members, in which
event one member shall constitute a quorum; and all matters shall be determined
by a majority vote of the members present. Action may be taken by any committee
without a meeting if all members thereof consent thereto in writing, and the
writing or writings are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of such
committee.

                              ARTICLE IV - OFFICERS

                  SECTION 1.        GENERALLY.

                  The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a Chairman of
the Board, a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer
and such other officers as may from time to time be appointed by the Board of
Directors. Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor is elected
and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. Any number of
offices may be held by the same person.

                  SECTION 2.        CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD.

                  The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall be the chief
executive officer of the Corporation. He or she shall preside at all meetings of
the Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholders. Subject to the
provisions of these By-Laws and to the discretion of the Board of Directors, he
or she shall have the responsibility for the general management and control of
the business and affairs of the Corporation and shall perform all duties which
are commonly incident to the office of chief executive officer or which are
delegated to him or her by the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board
shall be a member of the Board of Directors of the Corporation. He or she shall
have power to sign all stock certificates, contracts and other instruments of
the Corporation which are authorized.


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                  SECTION 3.        PRESIDENT.

                  The President shall be the chief operating officer of the
Corporation. Subject to the provisions of these By-Laws and to the direction of
the Board of Directors, he or she shall have the responsibility for the general
management and control of the operating divisions of the Corporation and shall
perform all duties and have all powers which are commonly incident to the office
of chief operating officer or which are delegated to him or her by the Board of
Directors or the Chairman of the Board. He or she shall have power to sign all
stock certificates, contracts and other instruments of the Corporation which are
authorized and shall have general supervision and direction of all of the other
officers, employees and agents of the Corporation.

                  SECTION 4.        VICE PRESIDENT.

                  Each Vice President shall have such powers and duties as may
be delegated to him or her by the Board of Directors. One Vice President shall
be designated by the Board to perform the duties and exercise the powers of the
President in the event of the President's absence or disability.

                  SECTION 5.        TREASURER.

                 The Treasurer shall have the responsibility for maintaining the
financial records of the Corporation. He or she shall make such disbursements of
the funds of the Corporation as are authorized and shall render from time to
time an account of all such transactions and of the financial condition of the
Corporation. The Treasurer shall also perform such other duties as the Board of
Directors may from time to time prescribe.

                  SECTION 6.        SECRETARY.

                  The Secretary shall issue all authorized notices for, and
shall keep minutes of, all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of
Directors. He or she shall have charge of the corporate books and shall perform
such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

                  SECTION 7.        DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY.

                  The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the
powers or duties of any officer to any other officers or agents, notwithstanding
any provision hereof.

                  SECTION 8.        REMOVAL.

                  Any officer of the Corporation may be removed at any time,
with or without cause, by the Board of Directors.

                  SECTION 9.        ACTION WITH RESPECT TO SECURITIES OF OTHER
                                    CORPORATIONS.

                  Unless otherwise directed by the Board of Directors, the
Chairman of the Board, the President or any officer of the Corporation
authorized by the Chairman of the Board or the President shall have power to
vote and otherwise act on behalf of the Corporation, in person or by proxy, at
any meeting of stockholders of or with respect to any action of stockholders of
any other corporation in which this Corporation may hold securities and
otherwise to exercise any and all rights and powers which this Corporation may
possess by reason of its ownership of securities in such other corporation.

                                ARTICLE V - STOCK

                  SECTION 1.        CERTIFICATES OF STOCK.

                  Each stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate signed by,
or in the name of the Corporation by, the President or a Vice President,

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and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the Treasurer or an Assistant
Treasurer, certifying the number of shares owned by him or her. Any or all of
the signatures on the certificate may be facsimile.

                  SECTION 2.        TRANSFERS OF STOCK.

                  Transfers of stock shall be made only upon the transfer books
of the Corporation kept at an office of the Corporation or by transfer agents
designated to transfer shares of the stock of the Corporation. Except where a
certificate is issued in accordance with Section 4 of Article V of these
By-Laws, an outstanding certificate for the number of shares involved shall be
surrendered for cancellation before a new certificate is issued therefor.

                  SECTION 3.        RECORD DATE.

                  In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders, or to receive
payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or to
exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or
for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a
record date, which record date shall not precede the date on which the
resolution fixing the record date is adopted and which record date shall not be
more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of any meeting of
stockholders, nor more than sixty days prior to the time for such other action
as hereinbefore described; provided, however, that if no record date is fixed by
the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at a meeting of stock holders shall be at the close of
business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if
notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on
which the meeting is held, and, for determining stockholders entitled to receive
payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of rights or to
exercise any rights of change, conversion or exchange of stock or for any other
purpose, the record date shall be at the close of business on the day on which
the Board of Directors adopts a resolution relating thereto.

                 A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of
or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the
meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record
date for the adjourned meeting.

                  SECTION 4.        LOST, STOLEN OR DESTROYED CERTIFICATES.

                 In the event of the loss, theft or destruction of any
certificate of stock, another may be issued in its place pursuant to such
regulations as the Board of Directors may establish concerning proof of such
loss, theft or destruction and concerning the giving of a satisfactory bond or
bonds of indemnity.

                  SECTION 5.        REGULATIONS.

                  The issue, transfer, conversion and registration of
certificates of stock shall be governed by such other regulations as the Board
of Directors may establish.

                              ARTICLE VI - NOTICES

                  SECTION 1.        NOTICES.

                  Except as otherwise specifically provided herein or required
by law, all notices required to be given to any stockholder, director, officer,
employee or agent shall be in writing and may in every instance by effectively
given by hand delivery to the recipient thereof, by depositing such notice in
the mails, postage paid, or by sending such notice by prepaid telegram or
mailgram. Any such notice shall be addressed to such stockholder, director,
officer, employee or agent at his or her last known address as the same appears
on the books of the Corporation. The time when such notice is received, if hand
delivered, or dispatched, if delivered through the mails or by telegram or


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mailgram, shall be the time of the giving of the notice.

                  SECTION 2.        WAIVERS.

                  A written waiver of any notice, signed by a stockholder,
director, officer, employee or agent, whether before or after the time of the
event for which notice is to be given, shall be deemed equivalent to the notice
required to be given to such stockholder, director, officer, employee or agent.
Neither the business nor the purpose of any meeting need be specified in such a
waiver.

                           ARTICLE VII - MISCELLANEOUS

                  SECTION 1.        FACSIMILE SIGNATURES.

                  In addition to the provisions for use of facsimile signatures
elsewhere specifically authorized in these By-Laws, facsimile signatures of any
officer or officers of the Corporation may be used whenever and as authorized by
the Board of Directors or a committee thereof.

                  SECTION 2.        CORPORATE SEAL.

                 The Board of Directors may provide a suitable seal, containing
the name of the Corporation, which seal shall be in the charge of the Secretary.
If and when so directed by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof,
duplicates of the seal may be kept and used by the Treasurer or by an Assistant
Secretary or Assistant Treasurer.

                  SECTION 3.        RELIANCE UPON BOOKS, REPORTS AND RECORDS.

                  Each director, each member of any committee designated by the
Board of Directors, and each officer of the Corporation shall, in the
performance of his duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the
books of account or other records of the Corporation and upon such information,
opinions, reports or statements presented to the Corporation by any of its
officers or employees, or committees of the Board of Directors so designated, or
by any other person as to matters the director or committee member reasonably
believes are within such other person's professional or expert competence and
who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Corporation.

                  SECTION 4.        FISCAL YEAR.

                  The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be as fixed by the
Board of Directors.

                  SECTION 5.        TIME PERIODS.

                  In applying any provision of these By-Laws which require that
an act be done or not done a specified number of days prior to an event or that
an act be done during a period of a specified number of days prior to an event,
calendar days shall be used, the day of the doing of the act shall be excluded,
and the day of the event shall be included.

                  SECTION 6.        PLACE OF BUSINESS.

                  The principal place of business of the Corporation shall be 19
Commerce Street, Poughkeepsie, New York 12603 or such other location that in the
determination of the Board of Directors is advantageous to the Corporation.

            ARTICLE VIII - INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

                  SECTION 1.        RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION.

                  Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be
made a party to or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a


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"proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or an
officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the
Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or
of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service
with respect to an employee benefit plan (hereinafter an "indemnitee"), whether
the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a
director, officer, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a
director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by
the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General
Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the
case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the
Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted
the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against all expense,
liability and loss (including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise
taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or
suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith; provided, however, that,
except as provided in Section 3 hereof with respect to proceedings to enforce
rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee
in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee
only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of
Directors of the Corporation.

                  SECTION 2.        RIGHT TO ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES.

                  The right to indemnification conferred in Section 1 of this
Article shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses
incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition
(hereinafter an "advancement of expenses"); provided, however, that, if the
Delaware General Corporation Law requires an advancement of expenses incurred by
an indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any
other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such indemnitee,
including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) such
advancement of expenses shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of
an undertaking (hereinafter an "undertaking"), by or on behalf of such
indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be
determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to
appeal (hereinafter a "final adjudication") that such indemnitee is not entitled
to be indemnified for such expenses under this Section or otherwise. The rights
to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in Sections 1
and 2 of this Article shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as
to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and
shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee's heirs, executors and
administrators.

                  SECTION 3.        RIGHT OF INDEMNITEE TO BRING SUIT.

                  If a claim under Section 1 or 2 of this Article is not paid in
full by the Corporation within sixty days after a written claim has been
received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of
expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be twenty days, the
indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to
recover the unpaid amount of the claim. If successful in whole or in part in any
such suit, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of
expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee shall be
entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In
(i) any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification
hereunder (but not in a suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to an
advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense that, and (ii) in any suit by the
Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an
undertaking the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a
final adjudication that, the indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for
indemnification set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law. Neither the
failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal
counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the
commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in
the circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of

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conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual
determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent
legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such
applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee
has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit
brought by the indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the
indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of
expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses
pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the
indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of
expenses, under this Article or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.

                  SECTION 4.        NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS.

                  The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of
expenses conferred in this Article shall not be exclusive of any other right
which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, the
Corporation's Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws, agreement, vote of
stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

                  SECTION 5.        INSURANCE.

                  The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to
protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation
or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise
against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would
have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss
under the Delaware General Corporation Law.

                  SECTION 6.        INDEMNIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES OF THE
                                    CORPORATION.

                  Except to the extent that rights to indemnification and
advancement of expenses of employees of the Corporation may be required by any
statute, the Certificate of Incorporation, this Article VIII or any other
By-Law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise,
the Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of
Directors, grant rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to
any employee of the Corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this
Article with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of
directors and officers of the Corporation.

                             ARTICLE IX - AMENDMENTS

                  These By-laws may be amended or repealed by the Board of
Directors at any meeting or by the stockholders at any meeting.




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