AVONDALE INDUSTRIES INC
10-Q, 1998-08-14
SHIP & BOAT BUILDING & REPAIRING
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                                    FORM 10-Q
                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D. C. 20549

                   Quarterly Report Under Section 13 or 15(d)
                     of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

(Mark One)

[ X ]   Quarterly  Report  Pursuant  to  Section  13 or  15(d) of the Securities
        Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 1998

[   ]   Transition  Report  Pursuant to  Section  13 or 15(d)  of the Securities
        Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from                 to

For Quarter Ended June 30, 1998

Commission File Number  0-16572

                            AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.


        Louisiana                                       39-1097012
(State or other jurisdiction of                    (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)                      Identification No.)


P. O. Box 50280, New Orleans, Louisiana                    70150
(Address of principal executive offices)                 (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code 504/436-2121

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the  preceding 12 months (or for such  shorter  period that the  registrant  was
required  to file such  reports),  and (2) has been  subject to file such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. YES X NO .

Indicate the number of shares  outstanding  of each of the  issuer's  classes of
common stock as of the latest practicable date.

                      Class                        Outstanding at June 30, 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share                  13,249,228 shares


<PAGE>


                   AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

                                      INDEX


                                                                        Page No.

Part I. Financial Information

        Item 1.Financial Statements

               Independent Accountants' Report                                 1

               Consolidated Balance Sheets -
               June 30, 1998 and December 31, 1997                             2

               Consolidated Statements of Operations -
               Quarters and Six Months Ended June 30, 1998 and 1997            4

               Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows -
               Six Months Ended June 30, 1998 and 1997                         5

               Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                      6

        Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of
                      Financial Condition and Results of Operations           10

Part II.       Other Information                                              15

        Item 4.Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

        Item 6.Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K



<PAGE>

INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS' REPORT

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
  Avondale Industries, Inc.

We have reviewed the  condensed  consolidated  financial  statements of Avondale
Industries,  Inc. and subsidiaries,  as listed in the accompanying  index, as of
June 30, 1998 and for the three-month and six-month  periods ended June 30, 1998
and 1997.  These financial  statements are the  responsibility  of the Company's
management.

We conducted our review in accordance with standards established by the American
Institute  of  Certified  Public  Accountants.  A review  of  interim  financial
information consists principally of applying analytical  procedures to financial
data and of making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting
matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance
with  generally  accepted  auditing  standards,  the  objective  of which is the
expression of an opinion  regarding the financial  statements  taken as a whole.
Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our review, we are not aware of any material  modifications that should
be made to such condensed  consolidated  financial  statements for them to be in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.

We have  previously  audited,  in accordance  with generally  accepted  auditing
standards,  the  consolidated  balance  sheet of Avondale  Industries,  Inc. and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997, and the related consolidated statements of
operations,  shareholders'  equity,  and cash flows for the year then ended (not
presented  herein);  and in our report dated  February 20, 1998, we expressed an
unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.  In our opinion,
the information set forth in the accompanying  consolidated  balance sheet as of
December 31, 1997 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the
consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.




/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
New Orleans, Louisiana

August 3, 1998


<PAGE>
                         PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                   AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
                           CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
                        (In thousands, except share data)
                                   (UNAUDITED)
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                                                 June 30,               December 31,
                                                                                   1998                      1997
                                                                               ------------             ------------
<S>                                                                            <C>                      <C>
ASSETS
Current Assets:
  Cash and cash equivalents..........................................          $     67,439             $     81,752
  Receivables (Note 2):
    Accounts receivable..................................................            16,068                   13,162
    Contracts in progress................................................            87,925                   88,584
  Inventories:
    Goods held for sale..................................................            13,022                   14,915
    Materials and supplies...............................................             8,964                    8,311
  Deferred tax assets ...................................................            17,903                   23,253
  Prepaid expenses and other current assets..............................             3,054                    2,891
                                                                               ------------             ------------

    Total current assets.................................................           214,375                  232,868
                                                                               ------------             ------------

Property, Plant and Equipment:
  Land...................................................................             7,986                    7,843
  Buildings and improvements.............................................            60,578                   55,917
  Machinery and equipment................................................           205,747                  200,777
                                                                               ------------             ------------

    Total................................................................           274,311                  264,537

  Less accumulated depreciation..........................................          (137,001)                (134,481)
                                                                               ------------             ------------

    Property, plant and equipment - net..................................           137,310                  130,056
                                                                               ------------             ------------

Goodwill - net...........................................................             5,159                    5,357
Other assets.............................................................             7,205                    7,334
                                                                               ------------             ------------

    Total assets.........................................................      $    364,049             $    375,615
                                                                               ============             ============

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                   AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
                           CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
                        (In thousands, except share data)
                                   (UNAUDITED)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                                                  June 30,              December 31,
                                                                                    1998                     1997
                                                                               ------------             ------------
<S>                                                                            <C>                      <C>
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
  Current portion of long-term debt......................................      $      3,137             $      3,047
  Accounts payable.......................................................            67,853                   59,548
  Accrued employee compensation..........................................            16,330                   13,198
  Other..................................................................            11,726                   11,851
                                                                               ------------             ------------

    Total current liabilities............................................            99,046                   87,644

Long-term debt...........................................................            49,663                   51,819

Deferred income taxes....................................................            12,900                   13,400

Other liabilities and deferred credits...................................            14,604                   13,775
                                                                               ------------             ------------

  Total liabilities......................................................           176,213                  166,638
                                                                               ------------             ------------

Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)

Shareholders' Equity:
  Common stock, $1.00 par value, authorized -
    30,000,000 shares; issued - 15,962,244 shares in 1998
    and 15,956,227 shares in 1997........................................            15,962                   15,956
  Additional paid-in capital.............................................           374,301                  374,173
  Accumulated deficit....................................................          (154,265)                (169,296)
                                                                               ------------             ------------

    Total................................................................           235,998                  220,833

  Treasury stock (common: 2,713,016 shares in 1998
    and 1,463,016 shares in 1997) at cost (Note 4).......................           (48,162)                 (11,856)
                                                                               ------------             ------------

  Total shareholders' equity.............................................           187,836                  208,977
                                                                               ------------             ------------

  Total liabilities and shareholders' equity.............................      $    364,049             $    375,615
                                                                               ============             ============

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                    AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDARIES
                      CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
                      (In thousands, except per share data)
                                   (UNAUDITED)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Quarters Ended June 30,             Six Months Ended June 30,
                                                            1998            1997                  1998            1997
                                                        ----------      ----------            ----------      ----------
<S>                                                     <C>             <C>                   <C>             <C>  
Sales............................................       $  178,463      $  145,792            $  363,088      $  285,305

Cost of sales....................................          157,118         126,291               321,615         247,171
                                                        ----------      ----------            ----------      ----------
Gross profit.....................................           21,345          19,501                41,473          38,134

Selling, general and
  administrative expenses........................            9,409           8,635                17,722          16,969
                                                        ----------      ----------            ----------      ----------
Income from operations...........................           11,936          10,866                23,751          21,165

Interest expense.................................             (983)         (1,195)               (2,120)         (2,412)

Other-net, principally interest
  income ........................................            1,376             709                 2,600           1,318
                                                        ----------      ----------            ----------      ----------
Income before income taxes.......................           12,329          10,380                24,231          20,071

Income taxes ....................................            4,675           4,000                 9,200           7,400
                                                        ----------      ----------            ----------      ----------
Net income.......................................       $    7,654      $    6,380            $   15,031      $   12,671
                                                        ==========      ==========            ==========      ==========

Income per share of common stock (Notes 4 and 5):
Net income per share of
  common stock - basic...........................       $     0.54      $     0.44            $     1.05      $     0.87
                                                        ==========      ==========            ==========      ==========

Weighted average number
   of shares outstanding -
   basic.........................................           14,125          14,493                14,308          14,488
                                                        ==========      ==========            ==========      ==========

Net income per share of
  common stock - diluted.........................       $     0.54      $     0.44            $     1.04      $     0.87
                                                        ==========      ==========            ==========      ==========

Weighted average number
  of shares outstanding -
  diluted........................................           14,198          14,497                14,385          14,498
                                                        ==========      ==========            ==========      ==========
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                   AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
                      CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
                     SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1998 AND 1997
                                 (In thousands)
                                   (UNAUDITED)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                                                   1998                     1997
                                                                               ------------             ------------
<S>                                                                            <C>                      <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
  Net income.............................................................      $     15,031             $     12,671
  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
    provided by operating activities:
    Depreciation and amortization........................................             4,392                    5,716
    Deferred income taxes................................................             4,850                    7,400
    Loss on sale of assets  .............................................                41                     -
    Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
      Receivables........................................................            (2,247)                  10,643
      Inventories........................................................             1,240                   (2,270)
      Prepaid expenses and other assets..................................               (34)                     302
      Accounts payable...................................................             8,305                  (26,600)
      Accrued employee compensation and other liabilities................             3,836                    5,565
      Other - net........................................................               134                      303
                                                                               ------------             ------------
 Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities...............................            35,548                   13,730
                                                                               ------------             ------------

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
  Capital expenditures...................................................           (11,507)                  (3,306)
  Proceeds from sale of assets ..........................................                18                     -
                                                                               ------------             ------------
  Net Cash Used for Investing Activities.................................           (11,489)                  (3,306)
                                                                               -------------            ------------

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
  Payment of long-term borrowings........................................            (2,066)                  (3,976)
  Purchase of treasury stock  (Note 4)...................................           (36,306)                    -
                                                                               ------------             ------------
  Net Cash Used for Financing Activities.................................           (38,372)                  (3,976)
                                                                               ------------             ------------

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents.....................           (14,313)                   6,448
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period.........................            81,752                   48,944
                                                                               ------------             ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period...............................      $     67,439             $     55,392
                                                                               ============             ============

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest.................................................................      $      2,353             $      2,666
                                                                               ============             ============

Income taxes ............................................................      $      5,650             $        700
                                                                               ============             ============

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1.     BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The  accompanying   unaudited  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the
accounts  of  Avondale  Industries,   Inc.  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiaries
("Avondale" or the "Company").  In the opinion of the management of the Company,
all adjustments (such adjustments  consisting only of a normal recurring nature)
necessary  for a fair  presentation  of the  operating  results  for the interim
periods presented have been included in the interim financial statements.  These
interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the December 31,
1997 audited  financial  statements and related notes filed on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 1997 (the "1997 Form 10-K").

The  financial  statements  required by Rule 10-01 of  Regulation  S-X have been
reviewed by independent  public  accountants as stated in their report  included
herein.

 2.     RECEIVABLES

The following  information presents the elements of receivables at June 30, 1998
and December 31, 1997 (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                   1998                     1997
                                                                               ------------             ------------
        <S>                                                                    <C>                      <C>
        Long-term contracts:
               U.S. Government:
                  Amounts billed..........................................     $        767             $        967
                  Unbilled costs, including retentions, and
                      estimated profits on contracts in
                      progress............................................           76,299                   80,041
                                                                               ------------             ------------
                 Total ...................................................           77,066                   81,008

               Commercial:
                  Amounts billed..........................................            5,774                    4,180
                  Unbilled costs, including retentions, and
                      estimated profits on contracts in
                      progress............................................           11,626                    8,543
                                                                               ------------             ------------

               Total from long-term contracts.............................           94,466                   93,731
        Trade and other current receivables...............................            9,527                    8,015
                                                                               ------------             ------------
        Total  ...........................................................     $    103,993             $    101,746
                                                                               ============             ============
</TABLE>
Unbilled costs and estimated  profits on contracts in progress were not billable
to customers at the balance sheet dates under terms of the respective contracts.
<PAGE>
3.      FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

The Company's $65 million revolving credit agreement ("the agreement")  provides
liquidity for working  capital  purposes,  capital  expenditures  and letters of
credit. At June 30, 1998, there were  approximately  $11.3 million of letters of
credit  issued  against the  agreement  leaving  approximately  $53.7 million of
liquidity  available to Avondale for operations and other  purposes.  There have
been no borrowings  under the agreement since its inception in 1994.  Continuing
access to the agreement is conditioned upon the Company  remaining in compliance
with the  covenants  contained  therein.  At June 30,  1998,  the Company was in
compliance with such covenants.

 4.      TENDER OFFER

In June 1998,  the Company  completed a tender  offer  purchasing  1.25  million
shares of its common  stock at $28 7/8 per share.  Under the terms of the offer,
the  Company  had  invited its  shareholders  to tender  their  shares at prices
ranging  from $26 1/2 to $29 per share as  specified  by each  shareholder.  The
total cost to the  Company of  completing  the  tender was  approximately  $36.3
million,  including  legal,  consulting and other  professional  fees. The total
shares repurchased  represented  approximately 8.6% of the outstanding shares at
that date, and following the tender,  the Company had approximately 13.2 million
shares of its  common  stock  outstanding.  The  transaction  was  funded  using
existing cash balances.

5.      EARNINGS PER SHARE

The number of weighted average shares outstanding for "basic" EPS was 14,124,885
and 14,493,211  for the three months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997,  respectively
and  14,308,031  and 14,488,034 for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.  The number of weighted  average shares  outstanding for "diluted"
EPS was  14,197,661  and 14,496,853 for the three months ended June 30, 1998 and
1997, respectively,  and 14,385,443 and 14,498,211 for the six months ended June
30, 1998 and 1997,  respectively.  The  difference  in weighted  average  shares
outstanding  of 72,776 and 3,642 for the three  months  ended June 30,  1998 and
1997, respectively, and 77,412 and 10,177 for the six months ended June 30, 1998
and 1997, respectively, relate to stock appreciation rights and options.

As discussed in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements herein,
the Company  completed a tender  offer  purchasing  1.25  million  shares of its
common stock in June 1998. Had the repurchase taken place as of January 1, 1997,
the Company's diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June
30, 1997, would have been $0.45 and $0.90,  respectively.  For the three and six
months ended June 30, 1998, the Company's  diluted earnings per share would have
been $0.55 and $1.08, respectively.
<PAGE>
6.      COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

As  discussed  in  Note 9 of the  Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements
included  in the 1997 Form 10-K,  the  Company was advised in 1986 that it was a
potentially  responsible  party ("PRP") with respect to an oil reclamation  site
operated by an unaffiliated company in Walker,  Louisiana.  To date, the Company
and certain of the other PRPs (the "Funding Group") for the site have funded the
site's remediation expenses,  PRP identification  expenses and related costs for
the participating  parties. As of June 30, 1998 such costs totaled approximately
$19.0 million, of which the Company has funded approximately $4.0 million. Since
1988,  the  Funding  Group  filed  petitions  to add a number  of  companies  as
third-party defendants with regard to the remedial action. The Funding Group has
agreed to settle with the majority of these  companies.  All funds collected are
placed in escrow to fund future  expenses.  At June 30, 1998, the balance of the
escrow was $8.5  million,  which is to be used to fund any  ongoing  remediation
expenses.  The Company will not be required to fund any future assessments until
the  balance  in escrow is  depleted.  There are  additional  settlements  being
negotiated which could add to the balance in escrow.

Additional  remedial work scheduled for the site includes  completion of studies
and if  required  by the  results  of  these  studies,  subsequent  remediation.
Following  completion of any such required  additional  remediation,  it will be
necessary to obtain Environmental  Protection Agency approval to close the site,
which consent may require subsequent post-closure activities such as groundwater
monitoring  and site  maintenance  for many  years.  The  Company is not able to
estimate the final costs for any such  additional  remedial work or post-closure
costs that may be required; however, the Company believes that its proportionate
share of expenditures for any additional work will not have a material impact on
the Company's financial statements.  In addition,  the Company and other members
of the Funding  Group have  entered into a final cost  sharing  agreement  under
which all parties have agreed that there would be no  re-allocation  of previous
remediation  costs, but that future  remediation costs would be established by a
formula.  Under this  agreement,  the  Company's  share of future costs will not
exceed 17.5%.

Furthermore,  the Company  has  initiated  litigation  against its insurer for a
declaration of coverage of the  liability,  if any, that may arise in connection
with the remediation of the site referred to above. The court has ruled that the
insurer has the duty to defend the Company, but has not yet ruled on whether the
carrier has a duty to  indemnify  the  Company if any  liability  is  ultimately
assessed against it. After  consultation with counsel,  the Company is unable to
predict  the  eventual  outcome of this  litigation  or the degree to which such
potential liability would be indemnified by its insurance carrier.

In addition to the above,  the Company is also named as a defendant  in numerous
other lawsuits and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business,  some
of which involve substantial claims.

The Company has  established  accruals as appropriate for certain of the matters
discussed above. While the ultimate outcome of lawsuits and proceedings  against
the Company cannot be predicted with certainty,  management  believes,  based on
current facts and circumstances and after review with counsel, that the eventual
resolution  of these  matters  will not have a  material  adverse  effect on the
Company's consolidated financial statements.
<PAGE>
Guarantee

Pursuant to agreements related to the University of New Orleans ("UNO")/Avondale
Maritime Technology Center of Excellence (the "Center"),  the Company has agreed
to guarantee  indebtedness with a principal amount not to exceed $40 million for
expenditures incurred by the UNO Research and Technology  Foundation,  Inc. (the
"Foundation")  for the  construction  of the  facility  and the  acquisition  of
technology.  Under the terms of a Cooperative  Endeavor Agreement,  the State of
Louisiana  made a  non-binding  commitment  to  appropriate  $40  million,  plus
interest,  in installments  over a period from 1997 through 2007 for donation to
the  Foundation  for purposes of servicing the debt incurred in connection  with
construction  of  the  Center.  Avondale  and  the  Foundation  anticipate  that
appropriations by the State will be sufficient for the Foundation to service its
debt.  However,  if the State's  appropriations are insufficient,  Avondale will
ultimately be required to repay the debt. The Company's  guarantee is unsecured.
As of June 30,  1998,  the  Foundation  had  incurred  $29.2  million of cost to
construct and equip the Center.  In connection with its non-binding  commitment,
the State appropriated and paid $3.8 million during 1997, representing the first
installment  to the  Foundation.  The second  installment  in the amount of $6.5
million was  included  in the  Governor's  executive  budget for the fiscal year
beginning July 1, 1998. The budget has been approved and the Foundation  expects
to receive the second installment during the third quarter of 1998.

Letters of Credit and Bonds

In the normal  course of its  business  activities,  the  Company is required to
provide  letters  of  credit  and  bonds  to  secure  the  payment  of  workers'
compensation  obligations,  other  insurance  obligations  and to provide a debt
service reserve fund related to $34.4 million of Series 1994 industrial  revenue
bonds.  Additionally,  under  certain  contracts  the Company may be required to
provide  letters  of credit to secure  certain  performance  obligations  of the
Company  thereunder.  Outstanding  letters of credit and bonds relating to these
business activities amounted to approximately $32.3 million at June 30, 1998 and
December 31, 1997.

7.      RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

During 1997,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  issued  Statement of
Financial  Accounting  Standards Number 131,  "Disclosures  about Segments of an
Enterprise and Related Information" ("SFAS 131"). SFAS 131 establishes standards
for disclosure of operating segments, products,  services,  geographic areas and
major customers. The Company is required to adopt this standard for fiscal 1998.
Management believes that the implementation of SFAS 131 will not have a material
impact on the presentation of the Company's financial statements but may require
additional disclosure.

In February 1998, the Financial  Accounting  Standards Board issued Statement of
Financial  Accounting  Standards  Number  132,  "Employers'   Disclosures  about
Pensions and Other  Postretirement  Benefits" ("SFAS 132"). SFAS 132 revises the
standards for  disclosure of pension and other  postretirement  benefit plans by
standardizing the disclosure  requirements,  requiring additional information on
changes  in  the  benefit  obligations  and  fair  values  of  plan  assets  and
eliminating  certain disclosure  requirements no longer considered to be useful.
These new disclosure  requirements are designed to improve the understandability
of benefit disclosures for financial analysis.  The Company is required to adopt
this standard for fiscal 1998.  Management  believes that the  implementation of
SFAS 132 will not have a material  impact on the  presentation  of the Company's
financial statements but will require additional disclosure.
<PAGE>
Item 2: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
          of Operations

The  following  discussion  should  be read in  conjunction  with the  Company's
unaudited  consolidated financial statements for the periods ended June 30, 1998
and 1997 and  Management's  Discussion  and Analysis of Financial  Condition and
Results of Operations  included  under Item 7 of the Company's  Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997 (the "1997 Form 10-K").

Overview

The Company continued its trend of improvement in its operating results compared
to the same periods in the prior year. Income from operations  increased 10% for
the second  quarter of 1998 and 12% for the first six months of 1998 compared to
the same periods in the prior year.  Further,  net income  increased 20% for the
second quarter and 19% for the first six months of 1998 over the same periods in
1997.

The  Company's  firm  backlog at June 30, 1998 was  approximately  $1.5  billion
(including  estimated  contract  escalation)  exclusive of  unexercised  options
aggregating  approximately  $1.1  billion  held by the U.S.  Navy  (the  "Navy")
(including estimated contract escalation) and approximately $500 million held by
a  commercial  customer  for  additional  ship  orders.  During  1998,  the Navy
exercised  a portion  of its  option  for a  seventh  Strategic  Sealift  vessel
relating to approximately $50 million for long lead time materials.  The balance
of approximately  $200 million for this option is exercisable by the Navy during
the first  quarter of 1999.  Also, in July 1998,  the Navy  exercised a contract
modification, relating to approximately $78 million, authorizing the procurement
of long lead time  materials for  construction  of a second vessel in the LPD-17
program.  The  Navy's  option  on the  remainder  of the  second  LPD  vessel is
exercisable  before  the end of 1998.  During  the first  quarter  of 1998,  the
Company  delivered the LSD-CV 52 to the Navy  representing  the fourth and final
ship of this class constructed by the Company under two contracts.  In addition,
the  Company  expects to  complete  the first of a  contract  to  construct  six
Strategic Sealift ships during 1998.

As previously  disclosed,  in December 1996 the Navy awarded,  and in April 1997
the General Accounting Office affirmed, a $641 million contract to a Company-led
alliance,   which  includes  Bath  Iron  Works  ("Bath")  and  Raytheon  Company
("Raytheon"), to design and construct the first of an anticipated 12 ships under
the Navy's LPD-17 program.  The contract award provides for options  exercisable
by the Navy for two  additional  LPD-17 class ships to be built by the alliance.
Under the terms of an agreement between the alliance  members,  the Company will
build the ship  covered  under the  December  1996  contract,  and,  if the Navy
exercises  the two options,  the Company  would  construct the second while Bath
would  construct the third of the three LPD-17 class ships to be built under the
initial  contract.  Raytheon  is  responsible  for total ship  integration.  The
alliance is using an advanced three-dimensional ship design and product modeling
technology for the design and manufacture of the ships. As the prime  contractor
under the LPD-17  contract,  the Company is required to report in its  financial
statements as sales and cost of sales the entire contract amount for each vessel
in the LPD-17  program  constructed  by the alliance.  Under the  subcontracting
agreements  entered into between the Company and each of Bath and Raytheon,  the
award fees that can be earned  under the  LPD-17  contract  are to be  allocated
among the  alliance  members in  proportion  to each  member's  performance  and
participation in the construction of the vessel for which the award was granted.
To the extent that the Company's  revenues include costs incurred and award fees
paid to the other alliance members, such revenues will be recorded with no gross
profit margin.
<PAGE>
Results of Operations

The Company  recorded net income of $7.7  million,  or $0.54 per share,  for the
second  quarter of 1998  compared to $6.4 million,  or $0.44 per share,  for the
second quarter of 1997.  For the first six months of 1998, the Company  recorded
net income of $15.0 million,  or $1.04 per share,  compared to $12.7 million, or
$0.87 per share, for the same period in 1997. Per share amounts are on a diluted
basis.

Income  from  operations  for the quarter  and six months  ended June 30,  1998,
increased $1.1 million, or 10%, and $2.6 million, or 12%, respectively, compared
to the prior year periods.  The improvement in the Company's  operating  results
for the second quarter and first six months of 1998 compared to the same periods
of  the  prior  year  primarily  reflect  operating  profits  recognized  on the
contracts to construct the six Strategic  Sealift ships,  the Icebreaker and the
LSD-CV 52. Also contributing to the 1998 operating results were profits recorded
by the  Company's  wholesale  steel,  modular  construction  and  marine  repair
operations.

Sales for the second quarter of 1998 increased $32.7 million,  or 22%, to $178.5
million  compared to $145.8  million for the second  quarter of 1997 while sales
for the first six months of 1998 reflected an increase of $77.8 million, or 27%,
compared  to the same  period in the prior  year.  The  increase in sales in the
current  periods  is  primarily  a result of  increased  costs  associated  with
contracts in the initial stages of  construction.  In the second quarter and six
months  ended  June  30,  1998,  the  Company  recorded  increased  sales on the
contracts to construct  the six  Strategic  Sealift  ships (the last of which is
expected to be delivered in 2001), the two 125,000 DWT  double-hulled  crude oil
carriers  (both of which are  scheduled  for  delivery  in 2000) and the  LPD-17
(expected to be delivered in 2002). The oil carrier and LPD contracts are in the
initial stages of construction  resulting in significant  engineering design and
material  acquisition  costs. The increases noted above were partially offset by
decreased  sales  recorded  on  contracts  that are at or near  completion.  The
Company recorded  decreased sales on the contract to retrofit four single-hulled
commercial  tankers  with new double  hulls (the last of which was  delivered in
September  1997) and the contracts to construct the  Icebreaker  (expected to be
delivered in the first  quarter of 1999),  the LSD-CV 52  (delivered in February
1998),  the 100 river hopper barges (the last of which was delivered in November
1997) and the four  coastal  MHCs (the last of which was  delivered  in  January
1997).

Gross profit for the second  quarter and first six months of 1998 increased $1.8
million,  or 9%, and $3.3  million,  or 9%,  respectively,  compared to the same
periods  in  1997.  However,   the  gross  profit  margin  percentage  decreased
approximately  1.4% and 2.0%,  respectively,  for the three and six months ended
June 30, 1998 compared with the same periods in the prior year. The decreases in
gross profit margin percentages are primarily  attributable to the fact that the
LPD-17 and the two double-hulled crude oil carriers are in the initial stages of
contract performance which result in significant engineering design and material
acquisition  costs recorded as net sales with little or no  corresponding  gross
profit. The Company does not begin profit recognition until final results can be
estimated with reasonable accuracy. Refer to the 1997 Form 10-K for a discussion
of the Company's policies and procedures for revenue  recognition.  In addition,
the Company  includes costs incurred and award fees paid to other members of the
alliance in the LPD-17  program as sales and cost of sales with no gross  profit
margin.
<PAGE>
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses increased $774,000, or 9%,
in the second  quarter of 1998 and $753,000,  or 4%, for the first six months of
1998 compared to the same periods in 1997. The increase in SG&A expenses was due
primarily to an increase in proposal  preparation  and related  costs in 1998 in
connection  with   upcoming  U.S.   Government   and   commercial   shipbuilding
opportunities.

Other  income  increased  $667,000,  or 94%, and $1.3  million,  or 97%, for the
second quarter and first six months of 1998, respectively,  compared to the same
periods  in the prior  year.  This  increase  is  primarily  attributable  to an
increase in interest income  resulting from  significantly  higher cash and cash
equivalents  available  for  investment  during the period  preceding  the stock
repurchase.

During 1997,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  issued  Statement of
Financial  Accounting  Standards Number 131,  "Disclosures  about Segments of an
Enterprise and Related Information" ("SFAS 131"). SFAS 131 establishes standards
for disclosure of operating segments, products,  services,  geographic areas and
major customers. The Company is required to adopt this standard for fiscal 1998.
Management believes that the implementation of SFAS 131 will not have a material
impact on the presentation of the Company's financial statements but may require
additional disclosure.

In February 1998, the Financial  Accounting  Standards Board issued Statement of
Financial  Accounting  Standards  Number  132,  "Employers'   Disclosures  about
Pensions and Other  Postretirement  Benefits" ("SFAS 132"). SFAS 132 revises the
standards for  disclosure of pension and other  postretirement  benefit plans by
standardizing the disclosure  requirements,  requiring additional information on
changes  in  the  benefit  obligations  and  fair  values  of  plan  assets  and
eliminating  certain disclosure  requirements no longer considered to be useful.
These new disclosure  requirements are designed to improve the understandability
of benefit disclosures for financial analysis.  The Company is required to adopt
this standard for fiscal 1998.  Management  believes that the  implementation of
SFAS 132 will not have a material  impact on the  presentation  of the Company's
financial statements but will require additional disclosure.

In accordance  with the U. S. Securities and Exchange  Commission's  Staff Legal
Bulletin No. 5, the Company has  assessed  both the cost of  addressing  and the
cost or the  consequences of incomplete or untimely  resolution of the Year 2000
issue. This assessment  included a comprehensive  review to identify the systems
that  could be  affected  by the  Year  2000  issue  and the  development  of an
implementation  plan.  The  implementation  plan includes both  replacement  and
upgrades of certain systems or equipment. The Company is incurring both internal
staff costs as well as consulting  and other  expenses  related to these issues.
Maintenance  and  modification  costs  related  to the Year 2000  issue  will be
expensed as incurred and new software will be capitalized and amortized over its
useful life.

The Company has established a three-phased approach for its solution of the Year
2000 issue which  includes:  identification  of all systems,  assessment of each
system's   compliance   with  the  Year  2000   issue,   and  the   testing  and
modification/replacement  of non-compliant  systems. The Company is presently in
the final  phase of this  program  and  expects to incur a total of $5.0 to $7.0
million in remediating the Year 2000 issue.  The Company expects to complete its
solution to the Year 2000 issue during the first six months of 1999.
<PAGE>
In addition, the Company is in the process of initiating communications with its
significant  suppliers  and  large  customers  (including  the U.  S.  Navy)  to
determine the extent to which the Company is vulnerable to those third  parties'
failure  to  remediate  their  own Year 2000  issues.  The  Company  can give no
assurance that the systems of suppliers or customers on which the Company relies
will be converted on time or that  failure to convert by another  company  would
not have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's cash and cash  equivalents  totaled $67.4 million at June 30, 1998
as compared to $81.8 million at December 31, 1997. The Company's  primary use of
cash  during the first six  months of 1998 was the  repurchase  of 1.25  million
shares of the Company's  common stock for $36.3  million.  Other uses of cash in
the current six month period consisted of capital  expenditures of $11.5 million
and payments on long-term borrowings of $2.1 million.

As discussed above,  during the second quarter of 1998, the Company  completed a
tender offer  purchasing  1.25 million shares of its common stock at $28 7/8 per
share. Under the terms of the offer, the Company had invited its shareholders to
tender their shares at prices ranging from $26 1/2 to $29 per share as specified
by each shareholder.  The total cost to the Company of completing the tender was
approximately $36.3 million,  including legal, consulting and other professional
fees.  The  total  shares  repurchased  represent   approximately  8.6%  of  the
outstanding  shares at that date,  and  following  the  tender,  the Company had
approximately  13.2  million  shares  of  its  common  stock  outstanding.   The
transaction was funded using existing cash balances.

Capital  expenditures for the first six months of 1998 increased $8.2 million to
$11.5  million  compared  to $3.3  million  for the same  period  in 1997.  This
increase is primarily attributable to plant improvements and equipment additions
which are designed to improve the Company's  operating  efficiency.  The Company
continues to evaluate investment  opportunities,  particularly  productivity and
technology-focused  capital  expenditures,  in order to  enhance  the  Company's
overall  efficiency  and provide  for future  growth.  As a result,  the Company
expects to increase  capital  spending  during the next several  years above the
levels of 1996 and 1997.  Included in this increased  spending is  approximately
$5.0  million in  connection  with the  acquisition  and  implementation  of new
integrated business systems software.

The Company's $65 million revolving credit agreement (the "agreement")  provides
liquidity for working  capital  purposes,  capital  expenditures  and letters of
credit. At June 30, 1998, there were  approximately  $11.3 million of letters of
credit  issued  against the  agreement  leaving  approximately  $53.7 million of
liquidity  available to Avondale for operations and other  purposes.  There have
been no borrowings  under the agreement since its inception in 1994.  Continuing
access to the agreement is conditioned upon the Company  remaining in compliance
with the  covenants  contained  therein.  At June 30,  1998,  the Company was in
compliance with such covenants.  The Company believes that its capital resources
will be sufficient to finance  current and projected  operations,  existing debt
service requirements and planned capital expenditures.
<PAGE>
In order to comply  with the  terms of the  LPD-17  contract,  the  Company  was
required to make  significant  capital  improvements,  including  enhancing  its
computer-aided  design  and  product  modeling  capabilities.  As a result,  the
Company teamed with the University of New Orleans (the  "University"  or "UNO"),
the  University of New Orleans  Research and  Technology  Foundation,  Inc. (the
"Foundation")  and the State of Louisiana in a cooperative  effort.  Pursuant to
terms of various agreements,  the Foundation is purchasing hardware and software
required to implement the extensive three-dimensional ship design and Integrated
Product Data  Environment  teaming  technology and  constructed a 200,000 square
foot building on property  donated to the  University by the Company and located
adjacent to the Company's main shipyard.  This facility was completed during the
second  quarter  of  1998.  The  initial  $40  million  investment  in this  new
technology and facility, which is known as the "UNO/Avondale Maritime Technology
Center of Excellence" (the "Center"),  is being financed by the Foundation using
third-party  debt and  lease  financing,  both of which  are  guaranteed  by the
Company. The Company has entered into a long-term lease for the Center requiring
a nominal annual lease payment.  The Company  provides  access to the technology
and a portion of the Center to the  University  for its use in research  and the
development of educational  curricula  related to naval  architecture and marine
engineering. During the remainder of 1998, additional amounts are expected to be
incurred in order to complete the customization of the design software to comply
with the LPD-17 requirements.

The  Foundation  is the borrower on all  indebtedness  incurred to construct and
equip the Center. Under the terms of a Cooperative Endeavor Agreement, the State
of Louisiana  made a non-binding  commitment to  appropriate  $40 million,  plus
interest,  in installments  over a period from 1997 through 2007 for donation to
the Foundation  for purposes of funding the Center.  Avondale and the Foundation
anticipate  that  appropriations  by  the  State  will  be  sufficient  for  the
Foundation  to service  its debt.  However,  if the State's  appropriations  are
insufficient,  Avondale  will  ultimately  be  required  to repay the debt.  The
Company's  guarantee is  unsecured.  As of June 30,  1998,  the  Foundation  had
incurred $29.2 million of cost to construct and equip the Center.  In connection
with its non-binding  commitment,  the State  appropriated and paid $3.8 million
during 1997,  representing the first  installment to the Foundation.  The second
installment  in the  amount  of $6.5  million  was  included  in the  Governor's
executive budget for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1998. The budget has been
approved and the Foundation expects to receive the second installment during the
third quarter of 1998.
<PAGE>
Cautionary  Statement  for Purposes  of "Safe Harbor"  Provisions of the Private
  Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

Certain statements,  other than statements of historical fact, contained in this
Quarterly   Report  on  Form   10-Q  are   forward-looking   statements.   These
forward-looking  statements are generally  accompanied by such terms and phrases
as "anticipates,"  "estimates,"  "expects,"  "believes,"  "should,"  "projects,"
"scheduled,"  or similar  statements.  Although  the Company  believes  that the
expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can
give no  assurance  that such  expectations  will  prove to have  been  correct.
Important  factors that could cause the Company's  results to differ  materially
from the  results  discussed  in such  forward-looking  statements  include  the
Company's  reliance on U.S. Navy  contracts,  including its ability to replenish
its  backlog  by  securing  additional  contracts  from  the U.S.  Navy,  profit
recognition  on government  contracts,  the outcome of the Company's  litigation
involving  efforts  to  unionize  the  Company's   production  workers  and  the
competitive  impact of a resolution  in favor of the union,  the  importance  of
obtaining commercial contracts,  the Company's ability to complete its contracts
within its cost  estimates,  intense  competition  for government and commercial
contracts,  labor,  regulatory  and other risks in the  shipbuilding  and marine
construction  industries and other unanticipated  events affecting the Company's
efforts  and  the  efforts  of  its  suppliers,  subcontractors,  and  customers
(including  the U. S. Navy) to timely  correct  Year 2000  problems  inherent in
essential computer systems,  which could impair the Company's  operations or the
ability of its customers to timely pay for products and services provided.   All
forward-looking  statements in this Form 10-Q are  expressly  qualified in their
entirety by the cautionary statements in this paragraph.
<PAGE>
                           PART II - OTHER INFORMATION



Item 4.        Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

                At  the  Annual   Meeting  of  the   shareholders   of  Avondale
                Industries, Inc. held on June 12, 1998, 11,821,207 shares of the
                14,493,211 shares outstanding were present in person or by proxy
                at the meeting. The voting tabulation follows:

                (a)     The election of the following to the Board of Directors:

                         Francis R. Donovan, 11,088,704 votes for, 732,503 votes
                         withheld and Thomas M. Kitchen,  11,036,798  votes for,
                         784,409 votes  withheld.  The directors were elected by
                         plurality vote.

                        The  following  is a list of each other  director  whose
                        term  of  office  as  a  director  continued  after  the
                        meeting:

                        Albert L. Bossier, Jr., Anthony J. Correro, III, Kenneth
                        B. Dupont, and Hugh A. Thompson.

               (b)      A proposal to urge the Board of  Directors to redeem the
                        rights issued under the  Shareholder  Protection  Rights
                        Plan: 6,964,264 for, 3,707,745 against, 68,272 abstained
                        and  1,080,926  broker  nonvotes.  Proposal  (b),  which
                        required  the  approval  of a majority  of the shares of
                        Common  Stock  present  or  represented  at  the  Annual
                        Meeting, is a precatory, non-binding resolution.

               (c)      A proposal to urge the Board of  Directors  to implement
                        confidential  voting  by  Shareholders:  6,434,097  for,
                        4,238,999 against, 67,185 abstained and 1,080,926 broker
                        nonvotes.

               (d)      A proposal related to  declassification  of the Board of
                        Directors:  7,019,512  for,  3,645,396  against,  75,373
                        abstained and 1,080,926 broker nonvotes.

                Proposals  (c) and (d) required the  affirmative  vote of 80% of
                the total outstanding  Common Stock. Each of these proposals has
                failed to pass at five consecutive  annual meetings and, at each
                of these meetings,  received the affirmative vote of less than a
                majority of the outstanding shares.
<PAGE>
Item 6.        Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

                (a)     Exhibits

                           3.1   Articles of Incorporation of the Company(1).

                           3.2   Bylaws of the Company.

                          10.3   Employee Benefit Plans

                                 (c)      The  Company's  Amended  and  Restated
                                          Employee  Stock  Ownership  Plan(2) as
                                          further  amended by:  Amendment  No. 1
                                          adopted  April 5,  1995(3) , Amendment
                                          No.  2  adopted  June  16,  1995(4)  ,
                                          Amendment  No. 3 adopted  February  5,
                                          1996(5)  ,  Amendment  No.  4  adopted
                                          December 31, 1996(6) , Amendment No. 5
                                          adopted  December  30,  1997(7)  , and
                                          Amendment  No. 6  adopted  May 5, 1998
                                          and the related  Amended and  Restated
                                          Trust  Agreement(5) as further amended
                                          by  Amendment  No.  1  adopted  May 5,
                                          1998.

                                 (e)      The  Company's  Amended  and  Restated
                                          Supplemental   Pension   Plan(8),   as
                                          amended  by  Amendment  Nos.  1  and 2
                                          thereto adopted  December 29, 1989(9),
                                          and Amendment No.
                                          3 adopted May 5, 1998.

                                 (f)      The   Company's    Executive    Excess
                                          Retirement   Plan(9)   as  amended  by
                                          Amendment  No.1  adopted  February  2,
                                          1998 and  Amendment  No. 2 adopted May
                                          5, 1998.

                            15   Letter   re:    unaudited   interim   financial
                                 information.

                            27   Financial Data Schedule

               (b)      Reports on Form 8-K:

                                 Not applicable.

- ---------------

(1)            Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly  Report on
               Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 1993.

(2)            Incorporated  by  reference  from the Company's Annual  Report on
               Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994.

(3)            Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly  Report on
               Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 1995.
<PAGE>
(4)            Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly  Report on
               Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 1995.

(5)            Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly  Report on
               Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 1996.

(6)            Incorporated by reference  from the  Company's  Annual  Report on
               Form 10-K for the  fiscal  year  ended December 31, 1996.

(7)            Incorporated  by reference from the  Company's  Annual  Report on
               Form 10-K for the  fiscal  year ended
               December 31, 1997.

(8)            Incorporated   by   reference  from  the  Company's  Registration
               Statement on Form S-1 (Registration  No. 33-20145) filed with the
               Commission on February 16, 1988.

(9)            Incorporated by reference  from the  Company's  Annual  Report on
               Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1991, as amended
               by Form 10-K/A.
<PAGE>

                                   SIGNATURES



Pursuant  to the  requirements  of the  Securities  Exchange  Act of  1934,  the
registrant  has duly  caused  this  report  to be  signed  on its  behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



                                                AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.


Date: August 14, 1998                       By:/s/  ALBERT L. BOSSIER, JR.
      ---------------                          ---------------------------
                                                    Albert L. Bossier, Jr.
                                                    Chairman, President &
                                                     Chief Executive Officer





Date: August 14, 1998                       By:/s/ THOMAS M. KITCHEN
      ---------------                          ---------------------
                                                   Thomas M. Kitchen
                                                   Corporate Vice President &
                                                    Chief Financial Officer
<PAGE>
                                 EXHIBIT INDEX

Number    Description
- ------    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.1      Articles of Incorporation of the Company(1).

 3.2      Bylaws of the Company.

10.3      Employee Benefit Plans

          (c) The  Company's  Amended  and  Restated  Employee  Stock  Ownership
              Plan(2) as further amended by:  Amendment  No. 1 adopted  April 5,
              1995(3) , Amendment No.  2  adopted  June  16,  1995(4), Amendment
              No.  3  adopted  February  5, 1996(5),  Amendment  No.  4  adopted
              December   31,   1996(6),   Amendment  No.  5 adopted December 30,
              1997(7), and Amendment No. 6  adopted  May 5, 1998 and the related
              Amended  and  Restated  Trust  Agreement (5) as further amended by
              Amendment No. 1 adopted May 5, 1998.

          (e) The Company's Amended and Restated Supplemental Pension   Plan(8),
              as amended by  Amendment  Nos.  1  and 2 thereto adopted  December
              29, 1989(9), and Amendment No. 3 adopted May 5, 1998.

          (f) The Company's Executive Excess Retirement Plan(9)  as  amended  by
              Amendment  No.1  adopted  February  2, 1998 and  Amendment  No.  2
              adopted May 5, 1998.

  15      Letter re:  unaudited interim financial information.

  27      Financial Data Schedule
       
- ---------------

(1)            Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly  Report on
               Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 1993.

(2)            Incorporated  by  reference  from the Company's Annual  Report on
               Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994.

(3)            Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly  Report on
               Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 1995.
<PAGE>
(4)            Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly  Report on
               Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 1995.

(5)            Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly  Report on
               Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 1996.

(6)            Incorporated by reference  from the  Company's  Annual  Report on
               Form 10-K for the  fiscal  year  ended December 31, 1996.

(7)            Incorporated  by reference from the  Company's  Annual  Report on
               Form 10-K for the  fiscal  year ended
               December 31, 1997.

(8)            Incorporated   by   reference  from  the  Company's  Registration
               Statement on Form S-1 (Registration  No. 33-20145) filed with the
               Commission on February 16, 1988.

(9)            Incorporated by reference  from the  Company's  Annual  Report on
               Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1991, as amended
               by Form 10-K/A.

                                     BY-LAWS
                                       OF
                            AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.
                         (as adopted on March 20, 1990)
               (Section 3.1 of which was amended on June 13, 1994,
                Section 5.2 of which was amended and Section 5.4
                    of which was deleted on December 5, 1994,
                Section 2.14 of which was added on July 17, 1995,
                  Section 12 of which was amended on August 4,
               1997, Section 5.2 of which was amended on November
                                  3, 1997, and
               Section 3.1 of which was amended on March 23, 1998)

                                    SECTION I

                                     OFFICES

         1.1 Principal Office.  The principal office of the Corporation shall be
located at 5100 River Road, Avondale, Louisiana 70094.

         1.2 Additional  offices.  The Corporation may have such offices at such
other  places as the Board of Directors  may from time to time  determine or the
business of the Corporation may require.

                                    SECTION 2

                              SHAREHOLDERS MEETINGS

         2.1  Place  of  Meetings.  Unless  otherwise  required  by law or these
By-laws,  all meetings of the shareholders shall be held at the principal office
of the  Corporation  or at such  other  place,  within or  without  the State of
Louisiana, as may be designated by the Board of Directors.

         2.2  Annual  Meetings;   Notice  Thereof.  An  annual  meeting  of  the
shareholders  shall be held on the fourth Monday of April in each year, at 10:00
a.m.,  or at such other date or at such  other  time  specified  as the Board of
Directors  shall  designate,  for the purpose of electing  directors and for the
transaction  of such  other  business  as may be  properly  brought  before  the
meeting.  If no annual  shareholders'  meeting is held for a period of  eighteen
months,  any  shareholder  may call such  meeting  to be held at the  registered
office of the  Corporation  as shown on the records of the Secretary of State of
Louisiana.
<PAGE>
         2.3 Special  Meetings.  Special meetings of the  shareholders,  for any
purpose or purposes, may be called by the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive
Officer and President or the Board of Directors.  At any time,  upon the written
request of any shareholder or group of shareholders  holding in the aggregate at
least 80% of the Total Voting Power (such term to have the same meaning in these
By-laws as is  assigned in Article III of the  Articles of  Incorporation),  the
Secretary  shall  call a  special  meeting  of  shareholders  to be  held at the
registered  office of the Corporation at such time as the Secretary may fix, not
less than  fifteen nor more than sixty days after the  receipt of said  request,
and if the Secretary  shall neglect or refuse to fix such time or to give notice
of the meeting,  the shareholder or  shareholders  making the request may do so.
Such request must state the specific purpose or purposes of the proposed special
meeting  and the  business  to be  conducted  thereat  shall be  limited to such
purpose or purposes.

         2.4  Notice of  Meetings.  Except as  otherwise  provided  by law,  the
authorized person or persons calling a shareholders' meeting shall cause written
notice  of the  time,  place  and  purpose  of the  meeting  to be  given to all
shareholders  entitled to vote at such  meeting,  at least ten days and not more
than  sixty days  prior to the day fixed for the  meeting.  Notice of the annual
meeting need not state the purpose or purposes  thereof,  unless action is to be
taken at the  meeting  as to which  notice is  required  by law or the  By-laws.
Notice of a special meeting shall state the purpose or purposes thereof, and the
business  conducted  at any special  meeting  shall be limited to the purpose or
purposes stated in the notice.

         2.5 List of Shareholders.  At every meeting of shareholders,  a list of
shareholders  entitled to vote,  arranged  alphabetically  and  certified by the
Secretary  or by the agent of the  Corporation  having  charge of  transfers  of
shares,  showing the number and class of shares held by each such shareholder on
the  record  date for the  meeting,  shall be  produced  on the  request  of any
shareholder.

         2.6 Quorum. At all meetings of shareholders,  the holders of a majority
of the  Total  Voting  Power  shall  constitute  a  quorum  provided  that  this
subsection shall not have the effect of reducing the vote required to approve or
affirm any matter that may be established by law, the Articles of  Incorporation
or these By-laws.

         2.7 Voting.  When a quorum is present at any  meeting,  the vote of the
holders of a  majority  of the Voting  Power (as  defined in Article  III of the
Articles  of  Incorporation)  present in person or  represented  by proxy  shall
decide each question  brought  before such  meeting,  unless the question is one
upon which,  by express  provision  of law or the Articles of  Incorporation,  a
different vote is required,  in which case such express  provision  shall govern
and  control  the  decision  of such  question.  Directors  shall be  elected by
plurality vote.

         2.8  Proxies.  At any meeting of the  shareholders,  every  shareholder
having  the  right  to vote  shall be  entitled  to vote in  person  or by proxy
appointed by an instrument in writing subscribed by such shareholder and bearing
a date not more than eleven months prior to the meeting,  unless the  instrument
provides for a long period,  but in no case will an  outstanding  proxy be valid
for longer than three years from the date of its execution,  provided that in no
event may a proxy be voted at a  meeting  called  pursuant  to La.  R.S.  12:138
unless it is executed and dated by the shareholder within 30 days of the date of
such meeting.  The person  appointed as proxy need not be a  shareholder  of the
Corporation.
<PAGE>
         2.9  Adjournments.  Adjournments  of any annual or  special  meeting of
shareholders  may be taken  without new notice  being given  unless a new record
date is fixed for the adjourned meeting,  but any meeting at which directors are
to be elected shall be adjourned only from day to day until such directors shall
have been elected.

         2.10  Withdrawal.  If a quorum  is  present  or  represented  at a duly
organized  meeting,  such meeting may continue to do business until adjournment,
notwithstanding  the  withdrawal  of enough  shareholders  to leave  less than a
quorum  as  fixed  in  Section  2.6 of  these  By-laws,  or the  refusal  of any
shareholders present to vote.

         2.11 Lack of Quorum.  If a meeting cannot be organized because a quorum
has not  attended,  those present may adjourn the meeting to such time and place
as they may  determine,  subject,  however,  to the  provisions  of Section  2.9
hereof.  In the case of any meeting called for the election of directors,  those
who attend the second of such adjourned meetings, although less than a quorum as
fixed in Section  2.6 hereof,  shall  nevertheless  constitute  a quorum for the
purpose of electing directors.

         2.12  Presiding  officer.  The Chairman of the Board,  Chief  Executive
Officer and President or in his absence,  a chairman  designated by the Board of
Directors, shall preside at all shareholders' meetings.

         2.13  Definition of Shareholder.  As used in these By-laws,  and unless
the context otherwise requires,  the term shareholder shall mean a person who is
(i) the  record  holder of shares of the  Corporation's  voting  stock or (ii) a
registered holder of any bonds, debentures or similar obligations granted voting
rights by the Corporation pursuant to La. R.S. 12:75A.

         2.14 Shareholder Proposals. No shareholder proposal shall be considered
by the  shareholders  at any annual or special  meeting unless such proposal has
been properly  brought  before such meeting.  No  shareholder  proposal shall be
deemed to have been properly  brought before a special  meeting of  shareholders
unless (i) the  proposal  is  submitted  by the person or  persons  calling  the
special meeting and (ii) the proposal is contained in the notice of the meeting.
No shareholder  proposal shall be deemed to have been properly brought before an
annual meeting unless each of the following conditions is satisfied:
<PAGE>
                  (a) Sufficient  notice of the proposal must be received by the
         Secretary of the  Corporation  not less than 120 days in advance of the
         date in the current  year that  corresponds  to the date on which proxy
         materials were first mailed by the  Corporation in connection  with the
         previous year's annual meeting.  In the event of the change of the date
         of the annual  meeting to a date that is 30 days  earlier or later than
         the date in the current year that  corresponds to the date on which the
         annual  meeting was held in the previous  year, or if no annual meeting
         was held in the previous year,  sufficient  notice of the proposal must
         be received by the Secretary of the  Corporation no later than the date
         set by the Corporation in a public announcement to shareholders,  which
         date  shall  be  no  earlier   than  a   reasonable   time  before  the
         Corporation's  proxy  solicitation is first made in connection with the
         meeting.  Notice of the proposal will be sufficient only if it contains
         (i) a  complete  and  accurate  description  of  the  proposal;  (ii) a
         statement  that the  shareholder  intends  to attend  the  meeting  and
         present  the  proposal  and  to  hold  of  record   securities  of  the
         Corporation  entitled to vote at the meeting  through the meeting date;
         and (iii) the  shareholder's  name and address and the number of shares
         of the  Corporation's  voting  securities that the shareholder holds of
         record or  beneficially  as of the notice date. The  shareholder  shall
         continue to hold of record  securities of the  Corporation  entitled to
         vote at the meeting through the meeting date.

                  (b) The Board of  Directors  shall have the power to limit the
         shareholder  proposals to be  considered  at a meeting to the first ten
         shareholder  proposals  of  which  the  Secretary  of  the  Corporation
         receives sufficient notice.

                  (c)  If  the  Secretary  of  the   Corporation   has  received
         sufficient  notice  of a  shareholder  proposal  that may  properly  be
         brought before the meeting, a shareholder proposal sufficient notice of
         which  is   subsequently   received  by  the   Secretary  and  that  is
         substantially  duplicative  of the first proposal shall not be properly
         brought  before  the  meeting.  If a  shareholder  proposal  deals with
         substantially the same subject matter as a prior proposal  submitted to
         shareholders  at a meeting  held  within the  preceding  five  calendar
         years, it shall not be properly  brought before any meeting held within
         three  calendar  years  after  the  latest  such  previous  submission,
         provided that:

                  (i)               if the  proposal  was  submitted at only one
                                    meeting  during such  preceding  period,  it
                                    received less than 3% of the total number of
                                    votes cast in regard thereto; or

                  (ii)              if the  proposal  was  submitted at only two
                                    meetings  during such preceding  period,  it
                                    received   at  the   time   of  its   second
                                    submission  less than 6% of the total number
                                    of votes cast in regard thereto; or

                  (iii)             if the  proposal  was  submitted at three or
                                    more meetings during such preceding  period,
                                    it  received  at  the  time  of  its  latest
                                    submission less than 10% of the total number
                                    of votes cast in regard thereto.
<PAGE>
                  (d) Notwithstanding compliance with Sections 2.14(a), (b), and
         (c), no  shareholder  proposal  shall be deemed to be properly  brought
         before a shareholders' meeting if it is not a proper subject for action
         by shareholders under Louisiana law or the Articles of Incorporation.

                  (e) Any proposal failing to comply with Sections 2.14(a), (b),
         (c), or (d) shall not be  considered  at the meeting and, if introduced
         at the meeting,  shall be ruled out of order. If a shareholder presents
         a  proposal  at a  meeting  but does  not  continue  to hold of  record
         securities of the  Corporation  entitled to vote at the meeting through
         the meeting date, as required by Section  2.14(a),  no proposal by that
         shareholder  shall be considered at any  shareholders'  meeting held in
         the following two calendar years.

                  (f)  Nothing in this  Section  2.14 is  intended to confer any
         rights to have any proposal included in the notice of any meeting or in
         proxy materials related to such meeting.

                                    SECTION 3

                                    DIRECTORS

         3.1 Number.  All of the  corporate  powers  shall be vested in, and the
business  and  affairs  of the  Corporation  shall  be  managed  by,  a Board of
Directors.  Except as  otherwise  fixed by or  pursuant  to  Article  III of the
Articles of Incorporation (as it may be duly amended from time to time) relating
to the rights of the holders of any class or series of stock having a preference
over the Common  Stock as to dividends or upon  liquidation  to elect,  by class
vote,  additional  directors  under  particular  circumstances,   the  Board  of
Directors  shall  consist  of not less than six and not more  than nine  natural
persons,  as  established  from  time to time by a  resolution  of the  Board of
Directors   provided  that,  if  after  proxy   materials  for  any  meeting  of
shareholders at which directors are to be elected are mailed to shareholders any
person or persons named therein to be nominated at the direction of the Board of
Directors  becomes  unable  or  unwilling  to  serve,  the  foregoing  number of
authorized directors as provided by the Board resolution then in effect shall be
automatically reduced by a number equal to the number of such persons unless the
Board  of  Directors,  by a  majority  vote  of the  entire  Board,  selects  an
additional nominee. The Board of Directors may, by a two-thirds vote, amend this
Section 3.1 to increase or decrease the number of  directors,  provided  that no
amendment to this Section to decrease the number of directors  shall shorten the
term of any incumbent director. No director need be a shareholder. The Secretary
shall  have the  power to  certify  at any time as to the  number  of  directors
authorized  and as to the  class to which  each  director  has been  elected  or
assigned.

         3.2 Powers.  The Board may exercise all such powers of the  Corporation
and do all such lawful  acts and things  which are not by law,  the  Articles of
Incorporation  or  these  By-laws  directed  or  required  to  be  done  by  the
shareholders.
<PAGE>
         3.3 Classes. The Board of Directors, other than those directors who may
be elected by the holders of any class or series of stock having preference over
the Common  Stock as to  dividends  or upon  liquidation,  shall be divided into
three  classes as nearly  equal in number as may be,  with the  initial  term of
office of Class I expiring at the first annual meeting of shareholders occurring
more than nine months after the  incorporation of the  Corporation,  of Class II
expiring at the first succeeding annual meeting of shareholders and of Class III
expiring at the second succeeding  annual meeting of shareholders.  Any increase
or  decrease in the number of  directors  shall be  apportioned  by the Board of
Directors so that all classes of directors shall be as nearly equal in number as
can be.

         3.4 General Election. At each annual meeting of shareholders, directors
shall be elected to succeed those directors whose terms then expire.  Such newly
elected  directors  shall serve  until the third  succeeding  annual  meeting of
shareholders  after their  election and until their  successors  are elected and
qualified.  A director  elected to fill a vacancy  shall hold  office for a term
expiring at the annual  meeting at which the term of the class to which he shall
have been elected expires.  No decrease in the number of directors  constituting
the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

         3.5  Vacancies.  Except  as  otherwise  provided  in  the  Articles  of
Incorporation  or these By-laws (a) the office of a director shall become vacant
if he dies, resigns or is removed from office and (b) the Board of Directors may
declare  vacant the office of a director if he (i) is interdicted or adjudicated
an incompetent, (ii) is adjudicated a bankrupt, (iii) in the sole opinion of the
Board of Directors  becomes  incapacitated by illness or other infirmity so that
he is unable to perform his duties for a period of six months or longer, or (iv)
ceases at any time to have the  qualifications  required by law, the Articles of
Incorporation or these By-laws.

         3.6 Filling Vacancies. In the event of a vacancy (including any vacancy
resulting  from an  increase  in the  authorized  number of  directors,  or from
failure of the  shareholders  to elect the full number of authorized  directors)
the remaining  directors,  even though not  constituting a quorum,  may fill any
vacancy on the Board for the unexpired term by a vote of at least  two-thirds of
the  directors  remaining in office at any time that there is no Related  Person
(as such term is defined in Article V.A.2 of the Articles of Incorporation)  and
a two-thirds  vote of all Continuing  Directors who remain in office at any time
there is a Related Person,  provided that the shareholders shall have the right,
at any special meeting called for the purpose prior to such action by the Board,
to fill the vacancy.

         3.7  Directors  Elected  by  Preferred  Shareholders.   Notwithstanding
anything in the  foregoing to the  contrary,  whenever the holders of any one or
more series of preferred stock of the Corporation  shall have the right,  voting
separately as a class,  to elect one or more directors of the  Corporation,  the
provisions  of Article III of the Articles of  Incorporation  (as it may be duly
amended from time to time) fixing the rights and  preferences  of such preferred
stock shall govern with  respect to the  election,  removal,  vacancies or other
related matters with respect to such directors.
<PAGE>
         3.8 Notice of Shareholder  Nominees.  Only persons who are nominated in
accordance  with the  procedures set forth in this Section 3.8 shall be eligible
for election as directors.  Nominations  of persons for election to the Board of
Directors of the  Corporation  may be made at a meeting of shareholders by or at
the direction of the Board of Directors or by a shareholder  of the  Corporation
entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting who complies  with
the notice  procedures  set forth in this Section 3.8. Such  nominations,  other
than those made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors,  shall be made
pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation.  To be
timely,  a shareholder's  notice must be delivered or mailed and received at the
principal  executive  offices of the  Corporation not less than 45 days nor more
than 90 days prior to the  meeting;  provided,  however,  that in the event that
less than 55 days notice or prior public  disclosure  of the date of the meeting
is given or made to shareholders, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be
received no later than the close of business on the 10th day  following  the day
on which  such  notice of the date of the  meeting  was  mailed  or such  public
disclosure was made. Such shareholder's notice shall set forth the following:

                  a. as to each person whom the shareholder proposes to nominate
         for election or re-election as a director (i) the name,  age,  business
         address  and  residence  address  of such  person,  (ii) the  principal
         occupation or employment of such person,  (iii) the class and number of
         shares of the capital stock of the  Corporation of which such person is
         the beneficial  owner  (determined in accordance  with Article V.A.2 of
         the Articles of Incorporation) and (iv) any other information  relating
         to such person that would be required to be disclosed in  solicitations
         of proxies for election of directors,  or would be otherwise  required,
         in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the  Securities  Exchange
         Act of 1934, as amended  (including  without  limitation  such person's
         written  consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and
         to serving as a director if elected); and

                  b. as to the  shareholder  giving  the notice (i) the name and
         address of such  shareholder  and (b) the class and number of shares of
         the capital stock of the  Corporation of which such  shareholder is the
         beneficial  owner  (determined in accordance  with Article V.A.2 of the
         Articles of  Incorporation)  . If requested in writing by the Secretary
         the  Corporation  at  least 15 days in  advance  of the  meeting,  such
         shareholder  shall  disclose to the  Secretary,  within 10 days of such
         request, whether such person is the sole beneficial owner of the shares
         held of record by him;  and, if not, the name and address of each other
         person  known  by the  shareholder  of  record  to  claim a  beneficial
         interest in such shares.
<PAGE>
At the  request of the Board of  Directors,  any person  nominated  by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors for election as a director  shall furnish to
the Secretary of the Corporation that information  required to be set forth in a
shareholder's  notice  of  nomination  which  pertains  to  the  nominee.  If  a
shareholder  seeks to nominate one or more persons as  directors,  the Secretary
shall appoint two Inspectors,  who shall not be affiliated with the Corporation,
to determine  whether a  shareholder  has complied with this Section 3.8. If the
Inspectors shall determine that a shareholder has not complied with this Section
3.8, the  Inspectors  shall direct the Chairman of the meeting to declare to the
meeting  that a  nomination  was not  made in  accordance  with  the  procedures
prescribed by the Articles of Incorporation  or these By-laws;  and the Chairman
shall  so  declare  to  the  meeting  and  the  defective  nomination  shall  be
disregarded.

         The  provisions  of this Section 3.8 shall not apply to the election of
any directors  which the holders of preferred stock of the  Corporation,  voting
separately as a class, may be entitled to elect.

         3.9  Compensation of Directors.  Directors as such,  shall receive such
compensation  for their  services as may be fixed by  resolution of the Board of
Directors  and shall receive their actual  expenses of  attendance,  if any, for
each  regular or special  meeting of the Board;  provided  that  nothing  herein
contained  shall  be  construed  to  preclude  any  director  from  serving  the
Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
<PAGE>
                                    SECTION 4

                              MEETINGS OF THE BOARD

         4.1 Place of Meetings.  The  meetings of the Board of Directors  may be
held at such place within or without the State of Louisiana as a majority of the
directors may from time to time appoint.

         4.2 Initial  Meetings.  The first  meeting of each newly  elected Board
shall be held immediately following the shareholders' meeting at which the Board
is elected  and at the same place as such  meeting,  and no notice of such first
meeting shall be necessary  for the newly elected  directors in order legally to
constitute the meeting.

         4.3 Regular Meetings; Notice. Regular meetings of the Board may be held
at such  times as the Board may from time to time  determine.  Notice of regular
meetings of the Board of  Directors  shall be  required,  but no special form of
notice or time of notice shall be necessary.

         4.4  Special  Meetings;  Notice.  Special  meetings of the Board may be
called by the Chairman of the Board,  Chief  Executive  Officer and President on
reasonable  notice given to each  director,  either  personally or by telephone,
mail or by  telegram.  Special  meetings  shall be called by the Chairman of the
Board,  Chief Executive  Officer and President,  or the Secretary in like manner
and on like notice on the written  request of a majority of the directors and if
such  officers  fail or refuse,  or are unable within 24 hours to call a meeting
when  requested,  then the directors  making the request may call the meeting on
two days' written notice given to each director. The notice of a special meeting
of directors need not state its purpose or purposes,  but if the notice states a
purpose or purposes and does not state a further  purpose to consider such other
business as may properly  come before the meeting,  the business to be conducted
at the special meeting shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.

         4.5  Waiver of  Notice.  Directors  present  at any  regular or special
meeting shall be deemed to have received due, or to have waived, notice thereof,
provided  that a  director  who  participates  in a  meeting  by  telephone  (as
permitted by Section 4.9 hereof)  shall not be deemed to have received or waived
due notice if, at the beginning of the meeting, he objects to the transaction of
any business because the meeting is not lawfully called.

         4.6 Quorum.  A majority of the Board shall be necessary to constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business,  and except as otherwise provided by law
or the Articles of Incorporation or these By-laws, the acts of a majority of the
entire Board of Directors at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the
acts of the Board.  If a quorum is not  present  at any  meeting of the Board of
Directors,  the  directors  present may  adjourn  the meeting  from time to time
without  notice  other  than  announcement  at the  meeting,  until a quorum  is
present.
<PAGE>
         4.7 Withdrawal.  If a quorum is present when the meeting convened,  the
directors  present  may  continue  to do  business,  taking  action by vote of a
majority  of a  quorum  as fixed  in  Section  4.6  hereof,  until  adjournment,
notwithstanding  the withdrawal of enough  directors to leave less than a quorum
as fixed in Section 4.6 hereof or the refusal of any director present to vote.

         4.8 Action by  Consent.  Any action  which may be taken at a meeting of
the Board or any committee thereof,  may be taken by a consent in writing signed
by all of the directors or by all members of the committee,  as the case may be,
and filed with the records of proceedings of the Board or Committee.

         4.9  Meetings by  Telephone  or Similar  Communication.  Members of the
Board may  participate  at and be  present  at any  meeting  of the Board or any
committee  thereof by means of  conference  telephone or similar  communications
equipment if all persons  participating in such meeting can hear and communicate
with each other.

                                    SECTION 5

                             COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD

         5.1  General.  The Board may  designate  one or more  committees,  each
committee to consist of two or more of the directors of the Corporation (and one
or more  directors  may be named as  alternate  members to replace any absent or
disqualified  regular  members),  which, to the extent provided by resolution of
the Board or the By-laws, shall have and may exercise the powers of the Board in
the  management  of the  business and affairs of the  Corporation,  and may have
power to authorize the seal of the  Corporation to be affixed to documents,  but
no such  committee  shall have power or  authority  in reference to amending the
Articles of  Incorporation,  adopting an agreement  of merger or  consolidation,
recommending  to  the  stockholders  the  sale,  lease  or  exchange  of  all or
substantially all of the Corporation's property and assets,  recommending to the
stockholders  a dissolution of the  Corporation or a revocation of  dissolution,
removing or  indemnifying  directors  or amending  the  By-laws;  and unless the
resolution  expressly so  provides,  no such  committee  shall have the power or
authority to declare a dividend or authorize  issuance of stock.  Such committee
or committees shall have such name or names as may be stated in the By-laws,  or
as may be determined,  from time to time, by the Board. Any vacancy occurring in
any such committee shall be filled by the Board, but the President may designate
another  director to serve on the committee  pending  action by the Board.  Each
such  member of a  committee  shall  hold  office  during  the term of the Board
constituting it, unless otherwise ordered by the Board.
<PAGE>
         5.2  Compensation  Committee.  The Board shall establish a Compensation
Committee consisting of at least two directors. The Compensation Committee shall
administer  the  Performance  Share  Plan,  the  Stock  Appreciation  Plan,  any
incentive  compensation plans involving securities of the Corporation adopted by
the  Corporation in the future and employment  contracts with any employee,  and
shall have plenary  authority with respect to all compensation  related matters.
Each of the  members of the  Compensation  Committee  shall be a  "disinterested
person" as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated  under the Securities  Exchange Act
of 1934 and an  "outside  director"  as defined in the  regulations  promulgated
under 162(m) of the Internal  Revenue Code.  The  Compensation  Committee  shall
determine  the  general  compensation   policies  of  the  Corporation  and  the
compensation  to be  paid  to  executive  officers  of the  Corporation.  If the
Compensation Committee is composed of an even number of persons, in the event of
a disagreement,  which cannot in good faith be resolved,  it will be resolved by
the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board.

         5.3 Audit  Committee.  The Board  shall  establish  an Audit  Committee
consisting of at least three  directors who are not officers or employees of the
Corporation or any of its  affiliates.  The Audit Committee shall (i) serve as a
focal point for communication  between noncommittee  directors,  the independent
accountants,  internal audit and management, as their duties relate to financial
accounting,  reporting  and  controls,  (ii)  assist the Board of  Directors  in
fulfilling  its  fiduciary   responsibilities  as  to  accounting  policies  and
reporting  practices of the Corporation and all subsidiaries and the sufficiency
of auditing relative thereto and (iii) operate as the Board's principal agent in
ensuring the  independence of the  Corporation's  independent  accountants,  the
integrity of management and the adequacy of disclosure to shareholders.

                                    SECTION 6

                             REMOVAL OF BOARD MEMBER

         Any  director or the entire  Board of  Directors  may be removed at any
time,  but only for  cause  (as such  term is  defined  in  Article  IV.C of the
Articles of Incorporation),  by the affirmative vote of not less than 80% of the
Total Voting Power,  provided that the removal may only be effected at a meeting
of shareholders  duly called for that purpose.  The shareholders at such meeting
may proceed to elect a successor or  successors  for the  unexpired  term of the
director  or  directors   removed.   Except  as  provided  in  the  Articles  of
Incorporation and in this Section 6, directors shall not be subject to removal.

                                    SECTION 7

                                     NOTICES

         7.1 Form of Delivery. Whenever under the provisions of law the Articles
of  Incorporation  or  these  By-laws  notice  is  required  to be  given to any
shareholder  or  director,  it shall not be construed  to mean  personal  notice
unless otherwise specifically provided in the Articles of Incorporation or these
By-laws,  but said notice may be given by mail, addressed to such shareholder or
director at his address as it appears on the  records of the  Corporation,  with
postage thereon prepaid.  Such notices shall be deemed to have been given at the
time they are deposited in the United States mail. Notice to a director pursuant
to Section 4.4 hereof may also be given  personally  or by telephone or telegram
sent to his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation.
<PAGE>
         7.2 Waiver.  Whenever  any notice is  required to be given by law,  the
Articles of Incorporation  or these By-laws,  a waiver thereof in writing signed
by the person or persons  entitled to said notice,  whether  before or after the
time stated therein,  shall be deemed equivalent  thereto.  In addition,  notice
shall be deemed to have been given to, or waived by, any shareholder or director
who attends a meeting of shareholders or directors in person,  or is represented
at such meeting by proxy,  without protesting at the commencement of the meeting
the  transaction of any business  because the meeting is not lawfully  called or
convened.

                                    SECTION 8

                                    OFFICERS

         8.1  Designations.  The officers of the corporation  shall be chosen by
the directors and shall be the Chairman of the Board,  Chief  Executive  officer
and President (with all such offices to be held by one person),  a Secretary and
a  Treasurer.  The  directors  may elect one or more  Vice  Presidents.  Any two
offices may be held by one person, provided that no person holding more than one
office may sign, in more than one capacity,  any certificate or other instrument
required by law to be signed by two officers.

         8.2  Additional  Designations.  The Board of Directors may appoint such
other officers as it shall deem necessary, who shall hold their offices for such
terms and  shall  exercise  such  powers  and  perform  such  duties as shall be
determined from time to time by the Board.

         8.3 Term of Office.  The officers of the Corporation  shall hold office
at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.  Except as otherwise  provided in the
resolution  of the Board of Directors  electing any officer,  each officer shall
hold office until the first  meeting of the Board of Directors  after the annual
meeting of shareholders  next  succeeding his or her election,  and until his or
her successor is elected and  qualified or until his or her earlier  resignation
or removal. Any officer may resign at any time upon written notice to the Board,
to the Chairman,  Chief Executive Officer and President,  or to the Secretary of
the  Corporation.  Such  resignation  shall  take  effect at the time  specified
therein  as  acceptance  of  such  resignation  shall  be  necessary  to make it
effective.  The Board may remove any officer with or without  cause at any time,
except that the removal of the Chairman of the Board,  Chief  Executive  Officer
and  President  shall require the vote of at least  three-fourths  of the entire
Board. Any such removal shall be without prejudice to the contractual  rights of
such offices, if any, with the Corporation, but the election of an officer shall
not in and of itself create  contractual  rights.  Any vacancy  occurring in any
office of the  Corporation  by death,  resignation,  removal or otherwise may be
filled  for the  unexpired  portion  of the term by the Board at any  regular or
special meeting.

         8.4 The Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President. The Chairman,
Chief   Executive   Officer  and   President   shall  have  general  and  active
responsibility  for the management of the business of the Corporation,  shall be
responsible  for  implementing  all  orders  and  resolutions  of the  Board  of
Directors,  shall be the chief operating  officer of the Corporation,  and shall
supervise the daily operations of the business of the Corporation.  The Chairman
of the Board  shall  preside at meetings  of the Board of  Directors  and of the
shareholders.
<PAGE>
         8.5 The Vice  Presidents.  The Vice  Presidents  (if any) in the  order
specified by the Board or, if not so specified,  in the order of their seniority
shall,  in the absence or  disability of the  President,  perform the duties and
exercise the powers of the President, and shall perform such other duties as the
President or the Board of Directors shall prescribe.

         8.6 The Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board
of Directors and all meetings of the  shareholders  and record all votes and the
minutes of all proceedings in a book to be kept for that purpose. He shall give,
or cause to be given,  notice of all  meetings of the  shareholders  and special
meetings of the Board,  and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed
by the Board or President, under whose supervision he shall be. He shall keep in
safe  custody  the seal of the  Corporation,  if any,  and affix the same to any
instrument requiring it.

         8.7  The  Treasurer.  The  Treasurer  shall  have  the  custody  of the
corporate funds and shall keep or cause to be kept full and accurate accounts of
receipts  and  disbursements  in books  belonging to the  Corporation  and shall
deposit all monies and other  valuable  effects in the name and to the credit of
the  Corporation  in such  depositories  as may be  designated  by the  Board of
Directors.  He shall keep a proper  accounting of all receipts and disbursements
and  shall  disburse  the funds of the  Corporation  only for  proper  corporate
purposes or as may be ordered by the Board and shall render to the President and
the Board at the regular meetings of the Board, or whenever they may require it,
an account of all his  transactions as Treasurer and of the financial  condition
of the Corporation.

                                    SECTION 9

                                      STOCK

         9.1  Certificates.  Every holder of stock in the  Corporation  shall be
entitled to have a certificate  signed by the President or a Vice  President and
the  Secretary or an Assistant  Secretary  evidencing  the number and class (and
series, if any) of shares owned by him,  containing such information as required
by law and  bearing the seal of the  Corporation.  If any stock  certificate  is
manually  signed by a transfer  agent or  registrar  other than the  Corporation
itself or an employee of the Corporation,  the signature of any such officer may
be a facsimile. In case any officer,  transfer agent or registrar who has signed
or whose  facsimile  signature  has been  placed upon a  certificate  shall have
ceased to be such officer,  transfer agent or registrar  before such certificate
is issued,  it may be issued by the  Corporation  with the same  effect as if he
were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
<PAGE>
         9.2 Missing  Certificates.  The  President  or any Vice  President  may
direct  a new  certificate  or  certificates  to  be  issued  in  place  of  any
certificate or certificates  theretofore  issued by the  Corporation  alleged to
have been lost,  stolen or  destroyed,  upon the making of an  affidavit of that
fact by the  person  claiming  the  certificate  of stock to be lost,  stolen or
destroyed.  As a condition  precedent  to the issuance of a new  certificate  or
certificates,  the officers of the Corporation  shall,  unless dispensed with by
the President,  require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed  certificate
or  certificates,  or his legal  representative,  (i) to  advertise  or give the
Corporation  a bond or (ii) enter into a written  indemnity  agreement,  in each
case in an amount  appropriate  to indemnify the  Corporation  against any claim
that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged
to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

         9.3 Transfers.  Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent
of the Corporation,  of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by
proper evidence of succession,  assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be
the duty of the  Corporation to issue a new  certificate to the person  entitled
thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.

                                   SECTION 10

                          DETERMINATION OF SHAREHOLDERS

         10.1 Record Date. For the purpose of determining  shareholders entitled
to notice of and to vote at a meeting,  or to receive a dividend,  or to receive
or  exercise   subscription   or  other   rights,   or  to   participate   in  a
reclassification  of stock, or in order to make a determination  of shareholders
for any other proper purpose, the Board of Directors may fix in advance a record
date for  determination  of shareholders  for such purpose,  such date to be not
more than sixty days and, if fixed for the purpose of  determining  shareholders
entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting, not less than ten days, prior to
the date on which the action requiring the determination of shareholder is to be
taken.

         10.2 Registered Shareholders.  Except as otherwise provided by law, the
Corporation,  and its  directors,  officers and agents may recognize and treat a
person  registered  on its records as the owner of shares,  as the owner in fact
thereof for all purposes,  and as the person exclusively entitled to have and to
exercise all rights and privileges incident to the ownership of such shares, and
rights  under this  Section  shall not be  affected  by any actual  constructive
notice which the Corporation,  or any of its directors,  officers or agents, may
have to the contrary.
<PAGE>
                                   SECTION 11

                                  MISCELLANEOUS

         11.1 Dividends.  Except as otherwise provided by law or the Articles of
Incorporation,  dividends upon the stock of the  Corporation  may be declared by
the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting.
Dividends may be paid in cash, property, or in shares of stock.

         11.2  Checks.  All  checks  or  demands  for  money  and  notes  of the
Corporation  shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or
persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
Signatures of the authorized signatories may be by facsimile.

         11.3  Fiscal  Year.  The  fiscal  year  of this  Corporation  will be a
calendar year.

         11.4 Seal.  The Board of Directors  may adopt a corporate  seal,  which
seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation.  Said seal may be
used by  causing  it or a  facsimile  thereof  to be  impressed  or  affixed  or
reproduced or otherwise.  Failure to affix the seal shall not,  however,  affect
the validity of any instrument.

         11.5 Gender.  All pronouns and variations thereof used in these By-laws
shall be deemed to refer to the masculine,  feminine or neuter gender,  singular
or plural, as the identity of the person,  persons,  entity or entities referred
to require.
<PAGE>
                                   SECTION 12

                                 INDEMNIFICATION

         12.1     Definitions.  As  used  in  this  section the following  terms
shall have the meanings set forth below:

                  (a)      "Board" - the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

                  (b)  "Claim" - any  threatened,  pending or  completed  claim,
action,  suit,  or  proceeding,  whether  civil,  criminal,   administrative  or
investigative and whether made judicially or  extra-judicially,  or any separate
issue or matter therein, as the context requires.

                  (c)  "Determining  Body" - (i) those  members of the Board who
are not named as parties to the Claim for which  indemnification is being sought
("Impartial Directors"), if there are at least three Impartial Directors, (ii) a
committee  of  at  least  three  Impartial  Directors  appointed  by  the  Board
(regardless  whether  the  members  of the  Board of  Directors  voting  on such
appointment  are  Impartial  Directors)  or (iii) if there are fewer  than three
Impartial  Directors  or if the Board of Directors  or the  committee  appointed
pursuant to clause (ii) of this  paragraph  so directs  (regardless  whether the
members thereof are Impartial Directors),  independent legal counsel,  which may
be the regular outside counsel of the Corporation.

                  (d) "Disbursing  Officer" - the Chief Executive Officer of the
Corporation or, if the Chief Executive Officer is a party to the Claim for which
indemnification  is being  sought,  any officer not a party to such Claim who is
designated  by the Chief  Executive  Officer to be the  Disbursing  Officer with
respect to  indemnification  requests  related to the Claim,  which  designation
shall be made promptly after receipt of the initial request for  indemnification
with respect to such Claim.

                  (e)  "Expenses"  - any expenses or costs  (including,  without
limitation, attorney's fees, judgments, punitive or exemplary damages, fines and
amounts paid in settlement).

                  (f)  "Indemnitee"  - each  person who is or was a director  or
officer of the Corporation.
<PAGE>
         12.2     Indemnity and Advancement of Expenses.

                  (a) To the extent such Expenses exceed the amounts  reimbursed
or  paid  pursuant  to  policies  of  liability  insurance   maintained  by  the
Corporation,  the  Corporation  shall  indemnify  each  Indemnitee  against  any
Expenses  actually  and  reasonably  incurred by him (as they are  incurred)  in
connection  with any  Claim  either  against  him or as to which he is  involved
solely  as a witness  or  person  required  to give  evidence,  by reason of his
position (i) as a director or officer of the Corporation,  (ii) as a director or
officer of any subsidiary of the Corporation,  (iii) as a fiduciary with respect
to any employee benefit plan of the Corporation, or (iv) as a director, officer,
partner, employee or agent of another Corporation,  partnership,  joint venture,
trust or other  for-profit  or  not-for-profit  entity  or  enterprise,  if such
position is or was held at the request of the  Corporation,  whether relating to
service in such position before or after the effective date of this Section,  if
he (i) is  successful  in his defense of the Claim on the merits or otherwise or
(ii) has been found by the  Determining  Body (acting in good faith) to have met
the Standard of Conduct (defined below);  provided that (A) the amount otherwise
payable by the Corporation may be reduced by the Determining Body to such amount
as it deems  proper if it  determines  that the Claim  involved the receipt of a
personal  benefit by  Indemnitee,  and (B) no  indemnification  shall be made in
respect of any Claim as to which  Indemnitee shall have been adjudged by a court
of competent  jurisdiction,  after  exhaustion of all appeals  therefrom,  to be
liable for willful or intentional  misconduct in the  performance of his duty to
the Corporation or to have obtained an improper  personal benefit,  unless,  and
only to the extent that, a court shall determine upon application that,  despite
the adjudication of liability but in view of all the  circumstances of the case,
Indemnitee is fairly and  reasonably  entitled to indemnity for such Expenses as
the court deems proper.

                  (b) The  Standard  of  Conduct  is met when the  conduct by an
Indemnitee  with  respect to which a Claim is asserted  was conduct  that was in
good faith and that he reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best
interest  of  the  Corporation,  and,  in  the  case  of a  criminal  action  or
proceeding,  that he had no  reasonable  cause  to  believe  was  unlawful.  The
termination of any Claim by judgment,  order, settlement,  conviction, or upon a
plea of nolo  contendere  or its  equivalent,  shall not,  of  itself,  create a
presumption that Indemnitee did not meet the Standard of Conduct.

                  (c) Promptly upon becoming aware of the existence of any Claim
as to which he may be indemnified  hereunder,  Indemnitee shall notify the Chief
Executive Officer of the Corporation of the Claim and whether he intends to seek
indemnification  hereunder.  If such notice  indicates that  Indemnitee  does so
intend,  the Chief Executive Officer shall promptly advise the Board thereof and
notify the Board that the  establishment of the Determining Body with respect to
the Claim will be a matter presented at the next regularly  scheduled meeting of
the Board.  After the Determining  Body has been established the Chief Executive
Officer shall inform the  Indemnitee  thereof and Indemnitee  shall  immediately
provide the Determining  Body with all facts relevant to the Claim known to him.
Within 60 days of the receipt of such information, together with such additional
information as the Determining  Body may request of Indemnitee,  the Determining
Body shall determine, and shall advise Indemnitee of its determination,  whether
Indemnitee has met the Standard of Conduct.
<PAGE>
                  (d) During  such  60-day  period,  Indemnitee  shall  promptly
inform the  Determining  Body upon his becoming  aware of any relevant facts not
therefore  provided by him to the Determining  Body, unless the Determining Body
has obtained such facts by other means.

                  (e) In the  case  of  any  Claim  not  involving  a  proposed,
threatened or pending criminal proceeding,

                           (i)  if  Indemnitee  has, in the good faith  judgment
of the  Determining  Body, met the Standard of Conduct, the Corporation may,  in
its sole discretion after notice to Indemnitee,  assume  all  responsibility for
the defense of the Claim, and, in any event,  the Corporation and the Indemnitee
each shall keep the other informed as to the progress of the defense,  including
prompt  disclosure  of  any  proposals  for  settlement;  provided  that  if the
Corporation is a party to the  Claim  and Indemnitee  reasonably determines that
there is a conflict between the positions of the Corporation and Indemnitee with
respect to the Claim, then Indemnitee shall be entitled to conduct his  defense,
with counsel of his choice;  and provided  further that Indemnitee  shall in any
event be entitled at his expense  to employ counsel chosen by him to participate
in the defense of the Claim; and

                           (ii)  the  Corporation   shall  fairly  consider  any
proposals by Indemnitee for settlement of the Claim.   If  the  Corporation  (A)
proposes  a  settlement  acceptable to  the  person  asserting the Claim, or (B)
believes  a  settlement  proposed  by the person  asserting  the Claim should be
accepted,  it  shall  inform  Indemnitee  of  the  terms thereof and shall fix a
reasonable date by which Indemnitee shall respond.  If Indemnitee agrees to such
terms,  he shall  execute  such  documents  as  shall be necessary to effect the
settlement. If he does not agree he may proceed with the defense of the Claim in
any manner he chooses,  but if he is not successful  on the merits or otherwise,
the  Corporation's  obligation  to  indemnify  him  for  any  Expenses  incurred
following  his  disagreement  shall  be  limited to  the lesser of (A) the total
Expenses  incurred by him  following his decision not to agree to such  proposed
settlement  or (B) the  amount the  Corporation  would have paid pursuant to the
terms of the  proposed  settlement.  If, however, the proposed settlement  would
impose upon Indemnitee any requirement to act or refrain from acting  that would
materially  interfere  with  the  conduct of his  affairs, Indemnitee may refuse
such settlement and proceed with the defense of the Claim,  if he so desires, at
the  Corporation's  expense  without regard to  the  limitations  imposed by the
preceding sentence. In no event,  however, shall the Corporation be obligated to
indemnify  Indemnitee  for any amount paid in a settlement  that the Corporation
has not approved.

                  (f) In the case of a Claim involving a proposed, threatened or
pending criminal proceeding, Indemnitee shall be entitled to conduct the defense
of the Claim,  and to make all decisions with respect  thereto,  with counsel of
his choice,  provided,  however,  that the Corporation shall not be obligated to
indemnify  Indemnitee for an amount paid in settlement  that the Corporation has
not approved.
<PAGE>
                  (g) After  notifying  the  Corporation  of the  existence of a
Claim,  Indemnitee  may from time to time  request  the  Corporation  to pay the
Expenses (other than judgments,  fines, penalties or amounts paid in settlement)
that he incurs in  pursuing  a defense  of the Claim  prior to the time that the
Determining Body determines whether the Standard of Conduct has been met. If the
Disbursing Officer believes the amount requested to be reasonable,  he shall pay
to Indemnitee the amount requested  (regardless of Indemnitee's apparent ability
to repay  such  amount)  upon  receipt  of an  undertaking  by or on  behalf  of
Indemnitee to repay such amount if it shall  ultimately be determined that he is
not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation  under the  circumstances.  If
the  Disbursing  Officer  does not  believe  such amount to be  reasonable,  the
Corporation  shall pay the amount deemed by him to be reasonable  and Indemnitee
may apply  directly  to the  Determining  Body for the  remainder  of the amount
requested.

                  (h)  After  the  Determining  Body  has  determined  that  the
Standard  of  Conduct  was  met,  for so  long  as and to the  extent  that  the
Corporation  is required  to  indemnify  Indemnitee  under this  Agreement,  the
provisions  of  Paragraph  (g) shall  continue to apply with respect to Expenses
incurred  after such time  except that (i) no  undertaking  shall be required of
Indemnitee and (ii) the Disbursing  Officer shall pay to Indemnitee  such amount
of any fines,  penalties or judgments against him which have become final as the
Corporation is obligated to indemnify him.

                  (i) Any  determination  by the  Corporation  with  respect  to
settlements of a Claim shall be made by the Determining Body.

                  (j) The Corporation and Indemnitee shall keep confidential, to
the  extent  permitted  by law and their  fiduciary  obligations,  all facts and
determinations  provided or made  pursuant to or arising out of the operation of
this Section,  and the  Corporation  and  Indemnitee  shall  instruct its or his
agents and employees to do likewise.

         12.3     Enforcement.

                  (a) The rights  provided by this Section shall be  enforceable
by Indemnitee in any court of competent jurisdiction.

                  (b) If Indemnitee seeks a judicial  adjudication of his rights
under this Section Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Corporation,
and  shall be  indemnified  by the  Corporation  against,  any and all  Expenses
actually and reasonably  incurred by him in connection  with such proceeding but
only if he  prevails  therein.  If it shall be  determined  that  Indemnitee  is
entitled to receive part but not all of the relief  sought,  then the Indemnitee
shall  be  entitled  to be  reimbursed  for  all  Expenses  incurred  by  him in
connection  with  such  judicial  adjudication  if the  amount  to  which  he is
determined to be entitled exceeds 50% of the amount of his claim. Otherwise, the
Expenses  incurred by Indemnitee in connection  with such judicial  adjudication
shall be appropriately prorated.

                  (c) In any judicial  proceeding  described in this subsection,
the Corporation shall bear the burden of proving that Indemnitee is not entitled
to any Expenses sought with respect to any Claim.
<PAGE>
         12.4 Saving Clause. If any provision of this Section is determined by a
court having  jurisdiction  over the matter to require the  Corporation to do or
refrain  from doing any act that is in violation  of  applicable  law, the court
shall be  empowered to modify or reform such  provision so that,  as modified or
reformed, such provision provides the maximum indemnification  permitted by law,
and such provision, as so modified or reformed, and the balance of this Section,
shall be applied in accordance with their terms. Without limiting the generality
of the  foregoing,  if any portion of this Section shall be  invalidated  on any
ground, the Corporation shall  nevertheless  indemnify an Indemnitee to the full
extent  permitted by any applicable  portion of this Section that shall not have
been  invalidated  and to the full extent  permitted by law with respect to that
portion that has been invalidated.

         12.5     Non-Exclusivity.

                  (a) The  indemnification  and advancement of Expenses provided
by or granted  pursuant to this  Section  shall not be deemed  exclusive  of any
other rights to which  Indemnitee is or may become  entitled  under any statute,
article of  incorporation,  by-law,  authorization of shareholders or directors,
agreement, or otherwise.

                  (b) It is the  intent of the  Corporation  by this  Section to
indemnify and hold harmless  Indemnitee to the fullest extent  permitted by law,
so that if  applicable  law would  permit the  Corporation  to  provide  broader
indemnification  rights than are  currently  permitted,  the  Corporation  shall
indemnify  and hold  harmless  Indemnitee  to the fullest  extent  permitted  by
applicable  law  notwithstanding  that the  other  terms of this  Section  would
provide for lesser indemnification.

         12.6  Successors  and Assigns.  This Section  shall be binding upon the
Corporation,  its successors and assigns,  and shall inure to the benefit of the
Indemnitee's heirs, personal representatives,  and assigns and to the benefit of
the Corporation, its successors and assigns.

         12.7  Indemnification  of Other Persons.  The Corporation may indemnify
any person not covered by Sections 12.1 through 12.6 to the extent provided in a
resolution of the Board or a separate section of these By-laws.

                                   SECTION 13

                                   AMENDMENTS

         13.1  Adoption  of  By-laws;   Amendments   Thereof.   By-laws  of  the
Corporation  may be  adopted  only by (i) a  majority  of the  entire  Board  of
Directors  at any time when  there is no Related  Person (as  defined in Article
V.A.2 of the  Articles of  Incorporation)  or (ii) both a majority of the entire
Board of Directors  and a majority of the  Continuing  Directors  (as defined in
Article  V.A.4 of the  Articles  of  Incorporation)  at any time when there is a
Related  Person  Article  (as  defined  in  Article  V.A.2  of the  Articles  of
Incorporation). By-laws may be amended or repealed only by (i) a majority of the
entire Board of Directors  at any time when there is no Related  Person  (except
that any  amendment to or repeal of Section 6 of these  By-laws shall require an
affirmative vote of at least  three-quarters  of the entire Board of Directors),
(ii) both a  majority  of the  entire  Board and a  majority  of the  Continuing
Directors  at any time when  there is a Related  Person  (as  defined in Article
V.A.2 of the Articles of  Incorporation),  or (iii) the affirmative  vote of the
holders  of at least 80% of the Total  Voting  Power at any  regular  or special
meeting of shareholders,  the notice of which expressly states that the proposed
amendment or repeal is to be considered at the meeting.
<PAGE>
         13.2  Re-Amendment or Re-adoption by Board of Directors.  Any provision
of these By-laws  amended or repealed by the  shareholders  may be re-amended or
re-adopted in the manner provided in Section 13.1.

         13.3 New By-laws;  Amendments. Any purported amendment to these By-laws
which  would add  hereto a matter not  covered  herein  prior to such  purported
amendment  shall be deemed to constitute the adoption of a By-law  provision and
not an amendment to the By-laws.

                              AMENDMENT NUMBER SIX
                                       TO
                            AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.
                          EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN


         WHEREAS,  Avondale  Industries,   Inc.,  a  corporation  organized  and
existing  under  the  laws of the  State  of  Louisiana,  adopted  the  Avondale
Industries,  Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the "Plan") effective September
1, 1985, said Plan has been amended from time to time, said Plan was amended and
restated on December 28, 1994 effective January 1, 1989;

         WHEREAS,  Avondale  Industries,   Inc. reserved  the right to amend the
Plan by resolution of the Board of Directors;

         WHEREAS, it is desirable to amend  the Plan to revise the Plan's tender
offer provisions;

         NOW,  THEREFORE,  as  authorized  by Section  11.1,  the Plan is hereby
amended, effective May 1, 1998, as follows:


         Section  10.5 of Article X, Tender  Offers,  is amended and restated to
read as follows:

                  10.5  Tender  Offer.  The  Trustee  shall  tender or  exchange
         Company  Stock  in  accordance  with   directions   received  from  the
         Committee.  The Committee shall instruct the Trustee in response to the
         tender offer in accordance  with ERISA's  fiduciary  duties to act as a
         prudent  person would act in a similar  situation  and to act solely in
         the interests of the Participants and their Beneficiaries.


         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Avondale Industries, Inc. has caused this amendment
to be executed in multiple  originals by its officers  thereunto duly authorized
and its corporate seal to be hereunto affixed, as of the 5th day of May, 1998.

                                            AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.


                                            BY: /s/ Thomas M. Kitchen
                                               ----------------------
                                                Thomas M. Kitchen, Secretary



ATTEST

/s/ Jackie H. Walker
- --------------------
(Corporate Seal)
<PAGE>


                                 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
                                 --------------

STATE OF LOUISIANA

PARISH OF JEFFERSON

         BEFORE ME, the undersigned Notary Public,  personally came and appeared
Thomas M. Kitchen, who being by me sworn did depose and state that he signed the
foregoing Amendment Number Six to the Avondale  Industries,  Inc. Employee Stock
Ownership Plan as a free act and deed on behalf of Avondale Industries, Inc. for
the purposes therein set forth.



                                            /s/ Thomas M. Kitchen
                                            ---------------------
                                                Thomas M. Kitchen


SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED
BEFORE ME THIS 5th DAY
OF MAY, 1998.

/s/ A. Blomkalns
- ----------------
NOTARY PUBLIC
<PAGE>
                              AMENDMENT NUMBER ONE
                                       TO
                            AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.
                    EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP TRUST AGREEMENT


        WHEREAS, Avondale Industries, Inc., a corporation organized and existing
under the laws of the State of Louisiana,  adopted the Avondale Industries, Inc.
Employee Stock Ownership Trust  Agreement (the "Trust")  effective  September 1,
1985;  said Trust has been amended from time to time; said Trust was amended and
restated effective January 1, 1996 and executed February 12, 1996;

        WHEREAS,  Avondale  Industries,  Inc.  reserved  the right to  amend the
Trust by  resolution of the Board of Directors;

        WHEREAS, it is desirable to amend the Trust as herein provided;

        NOW,  THEREFORE,  as  authorized  by  Section  8.1,  the Trust is hereby
amended, effective May 1, 1998, as follows:

        Section 11.4 of Article XI,  Tender  Offers,  is amended and restated to
read as follows:

                  11.4  Tender  Offer.  The  Trustee  shall  tender or  exchange
        Company Stock in accordance with directions received from the Committee.
        The Committee shall instruct the trustee in response to the tender offer
        in accordance with ERISA's  fiduciary  duties to act as a prudent person
        would act in a similar  situation  and to act solely in the interests of
        the Participants and their Beneficiaries.

        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Avondale Industries,  Inc. has caused this amendment
to be executed in multiple  originals by its officers  thereunto duly authorized
and its corporate seal to be hereunto affixed, as of the 5th day of May, 1998.

                                            AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.



                                            BY: /s/ Eugene K. Simon, Jr.
                                                ------------------------
                                                    Eugene K. Simon, Jr.
ATTEST                                              Assistant Secretary

(Corporate Seal)

<PAGE>

ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF                      TRUSTEES OF THE AVONDALE
THE AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.                    INDUSTRIES, INC. EMPLOYEE
EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN                    STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN TRUST

/s/ Blance S. Barlotta                           /s/ Blanche S. Barlotta
- ------------------------------                   ----------------------------
Blanche S. Barlotta, Member                      Blanche S. Barlotta, Trustee

/s/ Eugene E. Blanchard                          /s/ R. Dean Church
- ------------------------------                   ----------------------------
Eugene E. Blanchard, Member                      R. Dean Church, Trustee

/s/ R. Dean Church                               /s/ Rodney J. Duhon, Jr. 
- ------------------------------                   ----------------------------
R. Dean Church, Member                           Rodney J. Duhon, Trustee

/s/ Rodney J. Duhon, Jr.
- ------------------------------
Rodney J. Duhon, Jr., Member

/s/ Ernest F. Griffin, Jr.
- ------------------------------
Ernest F. Griffin, Jr., Member

<PAGE>


                                 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

STATE OF LOUISIANA

PARISH OF ORLEANS

         BEFORE ME, the undersigned Notary Public,  personally came and appeared
Eugene K. Simon,  Jr., who being by me sworn did depose and state that he is the
duly elected Secretary of Avondale Industries, Inc. and that in such capacity he
executed  the  foregoing   Amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated   Avondale
Industries,  Inc.  Employee  Stock  Ownership  Trust,  as a free act and deed on
behalf of Avondale Industries, Inc. for the purposes therein set forth.

WITNESSES:
/s/ Jan T. White                                 /s/ Eugene K. Simon, Jr.
- -----------------                                ------------------------
/s/ Kim D. Dodgen                                Eugene K. Simon, Jr.
- -----------------


SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED
BEFORE ME THIS 5th  DAY
OF MAY, 1998.

/s/ A. Blomkalns
- -----------------
NOTARY PUBLIC

<PAGE>


                                 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

STATE OF LOUISIANA

PARISH OF ORLEANS

         BEFORE ME, the undersigned Notary Public,  personally came and appeared
Blanche  S.  Barlotta,  who being by me sworn  did  depose  and  state  that she
executed  the  foregoing   Amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated   Avondale
Industries,  Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Trust Agreement, as the undersigned's
free act and deed for the purposes therein set forth.


WITNESSES:
/s/ Jan T. White                                 /s/ Blanche S. Barlotta
- -----------------                                -----------------------
/s/ Kim D. Dodgen                                Blanche S. Barlotta
- -----------------

                                                             



SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED
BEFORE ME THIS 5th  DAY
OF MAY, 1998.

/s/ A. Blomkalns
- -----------------
NOTARY PUBLIC

<PAGE>


                                 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

STATE OF LOUISIANA

PARISH OF ORLEANS

         BEFORE ME, the undersigned Notary Public,  personally came and appeared
Eugene E. Blanchard, who being by me sworn did depose and state that he executed
the foregoing  Amendment to the Amended and Restated Avondale  Industries,  Inc.
Employee Stock Ownership Trust Agreement, as the undersigned's free act and deed
for the purposes therein set forth.


WITNESSES:
/s/ Jan T. White                                 /s/ Eugene E. Blanchard, Jr.
- -----------------                                ----------------------------
/s/ Kim D. Dodgen                                Eugene E. Blanchard
- -----------------

                                                              



SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED
BEFORE ME THIS 5th  DAY
OF MAY, 1998.

/s/ A. Blomkalns
- -----------------
NOTARY PUBLIC

<PAGE>


                                 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

STATE OF LOUISIANA

PARISH OF ORLEANS

         BEFORE ME, the undersigned Notary Public,  personally came and appeared
R. Dean Church,  who being by me sworn did depose and state that he executed the
foregoing  Amendment  to the  Amended and  Restated  Avondale  Industries,  Inc.
Employee Stock Ownership Trust Agreement, as the undersigned's free act and deed
for the purposes therein set forth.


WITNESSES:
/s/ Jan T. White                                 /s/ R. Dean Church
- -----------------                                ----------------------------
/s/ Kim D. Dodgen                                R. Dean Church
- -----------------

                                               



SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED
BEFORE ME THIS 5th  DAY
OF MAY, 1998.

/s/ A. Blomkalns
- -----------------
NOTARY PUBLIC

<PAGE>


                                 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

STATE OF LOUISIANA

PARISH OF ORLEANS

         BEFORE ME, the undersigned Notary Public,  personally came and appeared
Rodney  J.  Duhon,  Jr.,  who  being by me sworn did  depose  and state  that he
executed  the  foregoing   Amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated   Avondale
Industries,  Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Trust Agreement, as the undersigned's
free act and deed for the purposes therein set forth.


WITNESSES:
/s/ Jan T. White                                 /s/ Rodney J. Duhon, Jr.
- -----------------                                ----------------------------
/s/ Kim D. Dodgen                                Rodney J. Duhon, Jr.
- -----------------

                                                 



SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED
BEFORE ME THIS 5th  DAY
OF MAY, 1998.

/s/ A. Blomkalns
- -----------------
NOTARY PUBLIC

<PAGE>


                                 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

STATE OF LOUISIANA

PARISH OF ORLEANS

         BEFORE ME, the undersigned Notary Public,  personally came and appeared
Ernest F.  Griffin,  Jr.,  who being by me sworn did  depose  and state  that he
executed  the  foregoing   Amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated   Avondale
Industries,  Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Trust Agreement, as the undersigned's
free act and deed for the purposes therein set forth.


WITNESSES:
/s/ Jan T. White                                 /s/ Ernest F. Griffin, Jr.
- -----------------                                ----------------------------
/s/ Kim D. Dodgen                                Ernest F. Griffin, Jr.
- -----------------

                                                              



SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED
BEFORE ME THIS 5th  DAY
OF MAY, 1998.

/s/ A. Blomkalns
- -----------------
NOTARY PUBLIC

                                 AMENDMENT NO. 3
                            AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.
                       RESTATED SUPPLEMENTAL PENSION PLAN


         WHEREAS,  Avondale   Industries,  Inc.,   a corporation  organized  and
existing  under  the  laws of  the State  of  Louisiana,  adopted  the  Restated
Supplemental Pension Plan (the "Plan") effective  January 1, 1988 to replace the
Avondale Shipyards, Inc. Revised Supplemental Pension Plan;

         WHEREAS, Avondale Industries, Inc. reserved the right to amend the Plan
by resolution of the Board of Directors;

         NOW,  THEREFORE,  as  authorized  by  Section  6.2,  the Plan is hereby
amended as follows:

                                       I.

         The  definition  of Final  Average  Monthly  Compensation  contained in
Section  1.6 of the Plan is hereby  amended  by  adding  thereto  the  following
sentence:

         For purposes of  determining  a  Participant's  Final  Average  Monthly
         Compensation,  a  Participant  who has deferred all or a portion of his
         compensation shall have that compensation considered in the year earned
         rather than in the year paid.

                                       II.

         Except  as  amended  hereby,  the  Plan  shall remain in full force and
         effect

         Executed this 5th day of May, 1998.


                                                 AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.


/s/ George E. White, Jr.                         By: /s/ Thomas M. Kitchen
- ------------------------                         -------------------------
/s/ Jackie H. Walker
- ------------------------


                                 AMENDMENT NO. 1
                            AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.
                        EXECUTIVE EXCESS RETIREMENT PLAN


         WHEREAS,  Avondale  Industries,   Inc.,  a  corporation  organized  and
existing under the laws of the State of Louisiana,  adopted the Executive Excess
Retirement Plan (the "Plan") effective January 1, 1989;

         WHEREAS, Avondale Industries, Inc. reserved the right to amend the Plan
by resolution of the Board of Directors; and

         WHEREAS, Avondale Industries, Inc. desires to amend the Plan;

         NOW, THEREFORE, the Plan is hereby amended as follows:

                                       I.

         The reference to "age 65" in Section 3.3 of the Plan is hereby replaced
with the words "age 75".

                                       II.

         Except as  amended  hereby,  the Plan  shall  remain in full  force and
effect.

         Executed this 2nd day of February, 1998.


                                                 AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.


/s/ Jackie H. Walker                             By: /s/ Thomas M. Kitchen
- --------------------                                 ---------------------
/s/ Joy T. Rinaldi
- --------------------
<PAGE>
                                 AMENDMENT NO. 2
                            AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.
                        EXECUTIVE EXCESS RETIREMENT PLAN


         WHEREAS,  Avondale  Industries,   Inc.,  a  corporation  organized  and
existing under the laws of the State of Louisiana,  adopted the Executive Excess
Retirement Plan (the "Plan") effective January 1, 1989;

         WHEREAS, Avondale Industries, Inc. reserved the right to amend the Plan
by resolution of the Board of Directors; and

         WHEREAS, Avondale Industries, Inc. desires to amend the Plan;

         NOW, THEREFORE, the Plan is hereby amended as follows:

                                       I.

         Section  3.1  of  the  Plan  is  hereby  amended by  adding thereto the
following Paragraph (c):

                  (c)   For purposes of computing the benefits  provided in this
                        Section 3.1,  a Participant  who  has deferred  all or a
                        portion of his compensation shall have that compensation
                        considered  in the  year earned  rather than in the year
                        paid.

                                       II.

         In  order  to  conform  the  cross-references  to  the Pension  Plan as
restated effective January 1,  1997, the reference in Section 3.2 of the Plan to
Section 6.2 of the Pension Plan is hereby changed to "Section 6.5 of the Pension
Plan."

                                      III.

         Except  as  amended  hereby,  the  Plan shall  remain in full force and
effect.

         Executed this 5th day of May, 1998.


                                                 AVONDALE INDUSTRIES, INC.


/s/ George E. White, Jr.                         By: /s/ Thomas M. Kitchen
- ------------------------                         -------------------------
/s/ Jackie H. Walker
- ------------------------


August 12, 1998

Avondale Industries, Inc.
Post Office Box 50280
New Orleans, Louisiana  70150

We have made a review, in accordance with standards  established by the American
Institute of Certified Public  Accountants,  of the unaudited  interim financial
information of Avondale Industries,  Inc. and subsidiaries for the periods ended
June 30, 1998 and 1997, as indicated in our report dated August 3, 1998; because
we did not perform an audit, we expressed no opinion on that information.

We are aware  that our  report  referred  to above,  which is  included  in your
Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for  the  quarter  ended  June  30,  1998  is
incorporated by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-32165 on Form S-8.

We also are aware that the aforementioned report,  pursuant to Rule 436(c) under
the  Securities  Act of  1933,  is not  considered  a part  of the  Registration
Statement  prepared  or  certified  by an  accountant  or a report  prepared  or
certified by an accountant within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of that Act.



/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
New Orleans, Louisiana

<TABLE> <S> <C>

<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM AVONDALE
INDUSTRIES, INC.'S QUARTERLY REPORT FILED ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED
JUNE 30, 1998 AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
       
<S>                             <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE>                   6-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END>                          DEC-31-1998
<PERIOD-END>                               JUN-30-1998
<CASH>                                          67,439
<SECURITIES>                                         0
<RECEIVABLES>                                  103,993
<ALLOWANCES>                                         0
<INVENTORY>                                     21,986
<CURRENT-ASSETS>                               214,375
<PP&E>                                         274,311
<DEPRECIATION>                               (137,001)
<TOTAL-ASSETS>                                 364,049
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES>                           99,046
<BONDS>                                         49,663
                                0
                                          0
<COMMON>                                        15,962
<OTHER-SE>                                     171,874
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY>                   364,049
<SALES>                                        363,088
<TOTAL-REVENUES>                               363,088
<CGS>                                          321,615
<TOTAL-COSTS>                                  321,615
<OTHER-EXPENSES>                                     0
<LOSS-PROVISION>                                     0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE>                               2,120
<INCOME-PRETAX>                                 24,231
<INCOME-TAX>                                     9,200
<INCOME-CONTINUING>                             15,031
<DISCONTINUED>                                       0
<EXTRAORDINARY>                                      0
<CHANGES>                                            0
<NET-INCOME>                                    15,031
<EPS-PRIMARY>                                     1.05
<EPS-DILUTED>                                     1.04
        

</TABLE>


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