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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
Registration Statement
on
FORM SB-2
Under The Securities Act of 1933
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
DELAWARE 3674 84-1070278
(State or other jurisdiction (Primary Standard Industrial (IRS Employer
of incorporation or organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number)
</TABLE>
10989 VIA FRONTERA ROBERT PUTNAM, SECRETARY
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92127 PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
(619) 674-5000 10989 VIA FRONTERA
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92127
(619) 674-5000
(Address and telephone number of (Name, address and telephone number
registrant's principal executive of agent for service)
offices and principal place of business)
COPIES TO:
OTTO E. SORENSEN, ESQ.
LUCE, FORWARD, HAMILTON & SCRIPPS LLP, ATTORNEYS AT LAW
600 WEST BROADWAY, #2600, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92101
(619) 236-1414
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:
From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE(1)
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=========================================================================================================
Title of Proposed Proposed
each Class Amount Offering Offering Amount of
of Securities Being Price Per Aggregate Registration
Being Registered Registered Share Price(2) Fee(3)
=========================================================================================================
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common Stock(1) ..................... 3,172,068 $2.00 $6,344,136 $1,922.47
</TABLE>
(1) Shares of the Registrant's common stock, $.00001 par value per share, being
registered for resale on behalf of selling security holders.
(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.
(3) The fee with respect to these shares has been calculated pursuant to Rule
457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is based upon the
average of the bid and asked prices per share of the Registrant's common
stock on July 11, 1997, as quoted on the OTC Electronic Bulletin Board.
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES
AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE
A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT
SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL
BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SECTION
8(a), MAY DETERMINE.
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SUBJECT TO COMPLETION; JULY 17, 1997
P R O S P E C T U S
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
3,172,068 Common Shares
This Prospectus relates to 3,172,068 shares of the Common Stock, $.00001
par value ("Common Stock" or "Common Shares"), of Patriot Scientific
Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("Company"), being resold by the persons
listed herein as the Selling Shareholders. The Common Shares are being offered
hereunder for the respective accounts of the Selling Shareholders and will be
sold from time to time by the Selling Shareholders in the over-the-counter
market or otherwise at their prevailing market prices, or in negotiated
transactions. All 3,172,068 shares are presently outstanding. The expenses of
preparing and filing the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus forms a
part are being borne by the Company. The Company will receive no proceeds from
the sale of the Common Shares by the Selling Shareholders.
The Company has only recently emerged from the development stage and has
had only limited revenues amounting to approximately $1,847,000. See "Risk
Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis."
THE COMMON SHARES OFFERED HEREBY INVOLVE A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE
"RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE 6 OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, NOR HAS THE COMMISSION
PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The Common Shares offered hereby were acquired by the Selling
Shareholders from the Company in private transactions and are "restricted
securities" under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Act"). This
Prospectus has been prepared for the purpose of registering the Common Shares
under the Act to allow for future sales by the Selling Shareholders to the
public without restriction. To the knowledge of the Company, the Selling
Shareholders have made no arrangement with any brokerage firm for the sale of
the Common Shares. The Selling Shareholders may be deemed to be "underwriters"
within the meaning of the Act. Any commissions received by a broker or dealer in
connection with resales of the Common Shares may be deemed to be underwriting
commissions or discounts under the Act. See "Plan of Distribution."
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
Registration Statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold, nor may
offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the Registration Statement becomes
effective. This Prospectus shall not constitute an offer
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to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy, nor shall there be any sale of
these securities in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be
unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any
such state.
The Common Stock of the Company is traded in the over-the-counter market
and is quoted on the OTC Electronic Bulletin Board operated by the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. under the symbol "PTSC". On July 11,
1997, the last bid and asked prices per share were $2.02 and $1.98,
respectively.
This Prospectus is dated July 17, 1997
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NO PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION,
OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING
DESCRIBED HEREIN, AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATION MUST
NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR ANY SELLING
SECURITY HOLDER. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL, OR A
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY, NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE SECURITIES
BY ANY PERSON IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR SUCH PERSON TO
MAKE SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS
NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES CREATE AN IMPLICATION
THAT THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO
THE DATE HEREOF.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of Section
13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), and
in accordance therewith files periodic reports and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission") as a "small business" issuer
pursuant to Regulation S-B of the Commission. Reports, proxy statements and
other information filed by the Company with the Commission may be inspected and
copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the Commission at 450
Fifth Street N.W., Judiciary Plaza, Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the following
Regional Offices of the Commission: 75 Park Place, New York, New York 10007; and
the Northwest Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago,
Illinois 60621. Copies of such material may be obtained from the Public
Reference Section of the Commission's Washington, D.C. office at prescribed
rates.
The Company has filed with the Commission a registration statement on
Form SB-2 of which this Prospectus is a part. This registration statement or any
part thereof may be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities
maintained by the Commission at 450 Fifth Street N.W., Judiciary Plaza,
Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such material may be obtained from the Public
Reference Section of the Commission's Washington, D.C. office at prescribed
rates. . The Company's filings under the Exchange Act and its Registration
Statement on Form S-3 may also be accessed through the Commission's web site
(http://www.sec.gov).
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DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Prospectus, including all documents incorporated by reference, includes
"forward-looking" statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities
Act and Section 12E of the Exchange Act and the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995, and the Company desires to take advantage of the "safe
harbor" provisions thereof. Therefore, the Company is including this statement
for the express purpose of availing itself of the protections of such safe
harbor with respect to all of such forward-looking statements. The
forward-looking statements in this Prospectus reflect the company's current
views with respect to future events and financial performance. These
forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties,
including specifically absence of significant revenues, history of losses, no
assurance that technology can be completed or that it might be delayed,
significant competition, the uncertainty of patent and proprietary rights, the
uncertainty as to royalty payments and indemnification risks, possible adverse
effects of future sales of shares on the market, trading risks of low-priced
stocks and those other risks and uncertainties discussed herein, that could
cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those
anticipated. In this Prospectus, the words "anticipates," "believes," "expects,"
"intends," "future" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.
Readers are cautioned to consider the specific risk factors described herein and
in "Risk Factors", and not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking
statements contained herein, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company
undertakes no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to
reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date hereof. All
subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the
Company or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their
entirety by this section.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary is intended only to supply certain facts and
highlights from material contained in the body of this Prospectus and the
documents incorporated by reference herein and is qualified in its entirety by
the detailed information and financial statements (incorporated by reference)
appearing elsewhere below.
THE COMPANY. Patriot Scientific Corporation (the "Company" or "Patriot")
is engaged in the development and marketing of patented microprocessor
technology and high-performance digital communication products. These products
have applications in the Internet and computer, networking and telecommunication
markets. The Company also owns and is developing radar and antenna technology.
The Company's strategy is to exploit its technologies and products through
product sales, licensing, strategic alliances and government contracting.
The markets for digital communication products and microprocessors are
experiencing dramatic growth, in part due to the Internet. The Internet is a
global web of computer networks. Developed over 25 years ago, this "network of
networks" allows any computer connected to the Internet to talk to any other.
The Internet provides organizations and individuals with new means to conduct
business. The growth of the Internet and corporate Intranets is creating a
demand for hardware, software and peripherals. The large number of users
connecting to the Internet is creating a demand for traditional analog modems
and higher speed digital modems. New software, such as Java, is emerging to
serve the requirements of Internet users.
The Java programming language is an object-oriented language for the
Internet. With Java, data and programs do not have to be stored on the user's
computer, they can reside anywhere on the Internet to be called upon as needed.
Java can run on a variety of computer operating systems, thus avoiding the
problem of incompatibility across networks, and Java offers high data security.
Because of Java's useful features, it may also become a popular programming
language for embedded control applications. The growth of Java is also causing a
number of companies to consider it as a basis for a new style of computing
tailored to the Internet using inexpensive Internet computer devices.
A microprocessor is the computer chip providing intelligence for
electronic devices. The Company's microprocessor technology, trade named ShBoom,
uses a proprietary architecture in a high-performance microprocessor integrated
on a single silicon chip manufacturable at a low production cost. The Company's
first ShBoom-architecture microprocessors, the PSC-1000 family, are being
developed and targeted as Java programming language processors, for internally
developed digital communication products and for use as the computer or embedded
controller in sophisticated
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products including laser printers, motion and industrial controllers and digital
communication devices such as cable and satellite modems and television set-top
boxes. The Company believes the PSC1000 family can be competitive based on
factors such as cost, speed and performance with other newly announced
microprocessors targeted for the Internet device market. The Company is also
seeking to license the ShBoom core technology for use by others in
multi-function microprocessors.
Effective on December 26, 1996, in a business combination accounted for
as a pooling-of-interests, the Company acquired 96.9% of Metacomp, Inc.
("Metacomp") a company engaged in designing, manufacturing and marketing
high-performance digital communication products. As a result of the merger, the
Company no longer qualifies as a development stage company. In addition to the
Company's CyberShark digital modem providing consumers with a high-performance
interface between a computer and ISDN telephone lines (Integrated Services
Digital Network, a standard digital communication protocol using existing
telephone lines), the Company's communications division offers OEMs (original
equipment manufacturers), system integrators and VARs (value added resellers)
products for high speed access to the Internet, remote access drivers, video
conferencing equipment and digital telephony. Existing products include
electronic subassemblies used in building hubs and bandwidth-on-demand
applications for satellite and other communications.
The Company has been engaged in developing its radar targeted for ground
penetration applications and new antenna technology. The Company's GPR (ground
penetrating radar) prototype has demonstrated the ability to penetrate multiple
solid objects (walls and barriers); and in certain ground strata, the Company
has been able to resolve objects of six inch size at approximately ten feet in
depth. The Company also has patented new antenna technology for which a small
government contract was awarded in April, 1997 to evaluate and characterize the
antenna's performance. There can be no assurance of future contracts or grants
or alliances to further develop the radar or antenna technology. The Company
does not presently plan to devote any significant resources to further
development except with outside funding or assistance.
The Company has had limited revenues since its inception and, as a
result of the acquisition of Metacomp and initiation of CyberShark sales, has
only recently begun to generate revenues from sales. There can be no assurance
the Company can achieve profitable operations and the Company may need
additional financial resources during the next twelve months. The Company's
address is 10989 Via Frontera, San Diego, California 92127, and its telephone
number is (619) 674-5000. The Company's home page can be located on the World
Wide Web at http://www.ptsc.com. See "The Company" and "Business."
SECURITIES OFFERED. No securities will be offered or sold by the Company
pursuant to this Prospectus, which relates solely to the resale of 3,172,068
shares of the Common Stock of the Company held and beneficially owned by persons
listed herein as the Selling Security Holders. The Common Shares are being
offered hereunder for the respective accounts of the Selling Security Holders
and will be sold from time to time by the Selling Security Holders in the
over-the-counter market or otherwise at prevailing market prices or in
negotiated transactions. See "Plan of Distribution", "Selling Security Holders"
and "Description of Securities."
OUTSTANDING SHARES. As of the date of this Prospectus, 33,189,195 of the
Company's Common Shares are outstanding. A total of 5,000,000 of the outstanding
shares are subject to an earnout escrow arrangement which provides for the
release of the shares based on future revenues of the Company. See "Description
of Securities."
COSTS; USE OF PROCEEDS. The expenses of preparing and filing the
Registration Statement of which this Prospectus forms a part are being borne by
the Company. The Company will receive no proceeds from the sale of the Common
Shares by the Selling Security Holders.
RISK FACTORS. The securities offered involve a high degree of risk. See
"Risk Factors."
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RISK FACTORS
The securities offered for sale hereunder by the Selling Security
Holders are speculative in nature, involve a high degree of risk and should be
purchased by persons who can afford to lose the entire sum invested in the
Common Shares. Prospective purchasers of the Common Shares should carefully
consider the following factors relating to the business and prospects of the
Company, in addition to other information concerning the Company and its
business contained in this Prospectus, before purchasing any of the Common
Shares.
PREVIOUSLY A DEVELOPMENT STAGE BUSINESS; ABSENCE OF SIGNIFICANT REVENUES
The Company commenced its current operations in 1989, and its activities
have been primarily directed to research and development of its technologies and
administrative activities. The Company only recently emerged from the
development stage as a result of the acquisition of Metacomp and initiation of
CyberShark sales. The Company has had limited revenues and financial results
upon which prospective investors may base an assessment of its potential. There
is no assurance that the Company will become profitable. The Company has
experienced in the past and may experience in the future many of the problems,
delays and expenses encountered by any early stage business, some of which are
beyond the Company's control. These include, but are not limited to, substantial
delays and expenses related to testing and development of new products,
production and marketing problems in connection with new products and
technologies, unexpectedly high manufacturing costs, lack of market acceptance
of such products and technologies, and other unforeseen difficulties. See
"Company."
HISTORY OF LOSSES; UNCERTAIN PROFITABILITY
To date, the Company has incurred significant losses. As of May 31, 1997
its accumulated deficit was $11,344,838. For the fiscal years ended May 31, 1997
and 1996, the Company incurred net losses of $1,463,792 and $557,720
respectively, $612,333 of the loss for each of the years ended May 31, 1997 and
1996 resulted from amortization of purchased technology. The Company expects to
incur additional operating losses in the future until and if it is able to
generate operating revenues sufficient to support expenditures. There is no
assurance that sales of the Company's products will ever generate sufficient
revenues to fund its continuing operations, that the Company will generate
positive cash flow from operations or that the Company will attain or hereafter
sustain profitability in any future period.
NEED FOR ADDITIONAL FINANCING; INSUFFICIENT FUNDS FOR THE NEXT TWELVE MONTHS
Based on the potential rate of cash operating expenditures and current
plans, management anticipates the cash requirements for the next twelve months
have been satisfied with the June 1997 financing. The Company anticipates that
future cash requirements will be satisfied by improved product sales, the sale
of additional Company equity securities, debt financing and/or the sale or
licensing of certain of the Company's technologies. There can be no assurance
that any future funds required will be generated from operations or from the
aforementioned or other potential sources. The lack of additional capital could
force the Company to substantially curtail or cease operations and would
therefore have a material adverse effect on the Company's business. Further
there can be no assurance that any such required funds, if available, will be
available on attractive terms or that they will not have a significantly
dilutive effect on existing shareholders of the Company.
TECHNOLOGIES IN VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT; NO ASSURANCE OF COMPLETION; MAY
BE SUBJECT TO ADDITIONAL DELAYS
The Company's technologies and products are in various stages of
development. There can be no assurance that additional products can be
introduced or technologies completed to production or marketability due to the
inherent risks of new product and technology development, limitations on
financing, competition, obsolescence, loss of key personnel and other factors.
Although certain technology of the Company may be licensable at the current
stage of development, there can be no assurance thereof. The Company has
generated limited revenues from its various technologies to date and has no
agreements or arrangements providing any assurance of revenues in the future.
The Company's development projects are high risk in nature, where unanticipated
technical obstacles can arise at any time and result in lengthy and costly
delays or in a determination that further development is not feasible. Discovery
of chip design errors, frequent in the industry prior to and after production,
could result in lengthy and costly redesign, fabrication (production) and
testing in an industry where new technology rapidly eclipses prior innovations.
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The development of the Company's technologies has taken longer than
anticipated by management and could be subject to additional delays. Therefore,
there can be no assurance of timely completion and introduction of improved
ShBoom-architecture microprocessors on a cost-effective basis, or that if
introduced, that they will achieve market acceptance. See "Business - Stage of
Development."
FUTURE DEPENDENT ON MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF THE COMPANY'S TECHNOLOGIES AND
PRODUCTS
The future of the Company is dependent upon the success of the current
and future generations of one or more of the Company's technologies and the
success of its digital communication products. There can be no assurance the
Company can introduce any of its technologies or new products or that, if
introduced, they will achieve market acceptance such that in combination with
existing products they will sustain the Company or allow it to achieve
profitable operations. See "Business - Business Strategy."
SIGNIFICANT COMPETITION AND POSSIBLE OBSOLESCENCE
Technological competition from other and longer established
microprocessor, digital communication and radar and antenna companies is
significant and expected to increase. Most of the companies with which the
Company compete and expects to compete have far greater capital resources,
research and development staffs, marketing and distribution programs and
facilities, and many of them have substantially greater experience in the
production and marketing of products. The Company's ability to compete
effectively may be adversely affected by the ability of these competitors to
devote greater resources to the sales and marketing of their products than are
available to the Company. In addition, one or more of the Company's competitors
may succeed in developing technologies and products that are more effective than
any of those offered or being developed by the Company, rendering the Company's
technology and products obsolete or noncompetitive. See "Business Competition."
PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS SUBJECT TO UNCERTAINTY; POSSIBLE INFRINGEMENT BY
THE COMPANY
The Company relies on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyright
and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to
protect its intellectual property rights. The Company currently has four U.S.
patents issued and six U.S. patents pending. The Company has one patent pending
in Europe and Japan and has filed an application for another patent in Europe,
Japan and elsewhere. The Company is considering additional patent applications.
There can be no assurance that any patents held by the Company will not be
challenged and invalidated, that patents will issue from any of the Company's
pending applications or that any claims allowed from existing or pending patents
will be of sufficient scope or strength or be issued in all countries where the
Company's products can be sold so as to provide meaningful protection or any
commercial advantage to the Company. Competitors of the Company may also be able
to design around the Company's patents.
The fiercely competitive semiconductor industry is characterized by
vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights or positions,
which has resulted in significant and often protracted and expensive litigation.
There is currently no pending intellectual property litigation against the
Company. There is no assurance however, that the Company's technologies or
products do not and will not infringe the patents or proprietary rights of third
parties. Problems with patents or other rights could potentially increase the
cost of the Company's products or delay or preclude new product development and
commercialization by the Company. If infringement claims against the Company are
deemed valid, the Company may seek licenses which might not be available on
acceptable terms or at all. Litigation could be costly and time-consuming but
may be necessary to protect the Company's future patent and/or technology
license positions or to defend against infringement claims. A successful
challenge to the Company's technology could have a materially adverse effect on
the Company and its business prospects. There can be no assurance that any
application of the Company's technologies will not infringe upon the proprietary
rights of others or that licenses required by the Company from others will be
available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. See "Business - Licenses,
Patents, Trade Secrets and Other Proprietary Rights."
UNCERTAINTY AS TO ROYALTY PAYMENTS AND INDEMNIFICATION RISKS
The Company does not believe it is obligated to pay any royalties on
aspects of the ShBoom technology specified in prior agreements between
nanoTronics Corporation and previous inventors. The Company believes that,
should there be royalties due to previous inventors, the obligation is that of
nanoTronics. However, the Company could become subject to unindemnified claims
relating to any failure by nanoTronics to pay such royalties, if due. Also the
Company could become liable for up to $1,250,000 to nanoTronics under certain
indemnification provisions. Should the Company be required to
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make any royalty payments or indemnification payments, such payments could
adversely impact operating margins and sales volumes.
The Company obtained its rights to the ShBoom technology pursuant to a
chain of agreements from multiple inventors. Accordingly there can be no
assurance the Company will not be subject to claims from prior parties related
to the technology or that any such parties will not attempt to exploit the
technology independently of the Company's rights to do so. Pursuant to the
Assets Purchase Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between the Company,
nanoTronics Corporation and Helmut Falk, the Company was the recipient of a
number of warranties and indemnities related to the ownership of the technology
and other matters. The Company believes nanoTronics Corporation has been
liquidated and, due to Mr. Falk's death in July 1995, the Company may be limited
in its ability to obtain satisfaction from his estate should it have any future
claims pursuant to the Agreement. In January 1996 the Company filed a general
claim against Mr. Falk's estate in an attempt to preserve its ability to avail
itself of indemnification should claims arise against the Company that were
indemnified. However, there can be no assurance that the Company could obtain
indemnification from the estate of Mr. Falk. See "Business - Licenses, Patents,
Trade Secrets and Other Proprietary Rights."
PRODUCTION DEPENDENT ON OUTSIDE FOUNDRIES, MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS
With respect to the production of ShBoom-architecture microprocessors,
the Company is dependent on the availability of contract fabrication facilities.
To produce microprocessors for customers, the Company will be required to locate
a foundry or foundries that can allocate a portion of their foundry capacity
sufficient to meet the Company's needs, to produce products of acceptable
quality and with acceptable manufacturing yields, and to deliver these products
to the Company on time. There can be no assurance the Company can locate a
foundry to meet its needs. The contract fabrication industry has and is expected
to experience capacity shortages from time to time which could adversely impact
the Company. With respect to digital communication products, the Company relies
on contract assembly from standardized components purchased from independent
sources, and it is therefor dependent upon such outside vendors for the
components and assembly of end-products it sells to customers. There can be no
assurance that these manufacturers and suppliers will be able to provide
adequately for the future product needs of the Company's customers. In the event
that any of the targeted suppliers should suffer quality control problems or
financial difficulties, the Company would be required to find alternative
sources, which could result in temporary business dislocations and a decline in
revenues. See "Business - Business Strategy" and "Business - Production and
Marketing."
COMPANY PRODUCTS MAY BE DEPENDENT ON THE INTERNET, ISDN, JAVA AND GOVERNMENT
FUNDING
The Company's digital communication products and ShBoom microprocessor
applications in Java processing will depend in large part upon a robust and
growing industry and infrastructure for providing Internet access and carrying
Internet traffic. There can be no assurance that the infrastructure or
complementary products necessary to make the Internet a viable commercial
marketplace will be developed, or, if developed, that the Internet will become a
viable commercial marketplace. Even if the Internet continues robust growth,
there can be no assurance of a market for the Company's ISDN products given
their dependence upon telephone company policies and rates and the intense
competition from other access technologies such as cable modems and satellites.
There can be no assurance that Java will become a widespread programming
language for the Internet or in embedded applications or that a market will
develop for devices to efficiently run Java. If the Internet does not become a
viable commercial marketplace, or if ISDN products become technologically
obsolete or if Java applications for microprocessors do not develop, then the
Company's business, operating results and financial condition will be materially
and adversely affected. See "Business - Internet Growth and the Emergence of the
Java Programming Language."
The Company received its initial contract for characterization of its
antenna technology in April, 1997. The Company is devoting only limited
development and marketing efforts towards its radar and antennae technologies
and is seeking additional government or outside funding to further develop these
technologies. Government defense and other funding is facing serious cutbacks
and accordingly there is less opportunity to exploit new technologies within the
government. Opportunities for funding require significant efforts and long lead
times. The Company has limited experience in obtaining government funding and is
relying on consultants and agents to assist the Company in its efforts. There
can be no assurance the Company will be successful in its efforts to obtain
additional government assistance for any of its projects or technologies.
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PERFORMANCE DEPENDENT ON KEY PERSONNEL; ABSENCE OF KEY PERSON LIFE INSURANCE;
SUCCESS DEPENDENT ON ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL
The Company's performance is substantially dependent on the performance
of its executive officers and key technical employees. Given the Company's early
stage of development, the Company is dependent on its ability to retain and
motivate high quality personnel, especially its management and highly skilled
technical personnel. The Company does not have "key person" life insurance
policies on any of its executive officers or employees. The loss of the services
of any of its executive officers or other technical employees could have a
material adverse effect on the business, operating results or financial
condition of the Company.
The Company's future success and growth also depends on its continuing
ability to identify, hire, train and retain other highly qualified technical and
managerial personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and there can
be no assurance that the Company will be able to attract, assimilate or retain
other highly qualified technical and managerial personnel in the future. The
inability to attract and retain the necessary technical and managerial personnel
could have a material adverse effect upon the Company's business, operating
results or financial condition. See "Business - Employees."
POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF FUTURE SALES OF SHARES ON MARKET
Future sales of Common Stock by existing stockholders pursuant to Rule
144 of the Securities Act or pursuant to a concurrent registration on Form S-3
could have an adverse effect on the price of the Common Stock. In addition to
the 3,172,068 shares being registered herein, an additional 5,011,733 shares may
be registered concurrently on Form S-3 and a total of an additional 9,240,597
shares of Common Stock currently outstanding and not subject to escrow
restrictions may be deemed "restricted securities" as that term is defined in
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), and may only be sold
pursuant to a registration statement under the Act, in compliance with Rule 144
under the Act, or pursuant to another exemption therefrom.
GENERAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST DUE TO PART-TIME MANAGEMENT
Two of the Company's executive officers, devote only part-time services
to the Company and have other employment and business interests to which they
devote significant attention and will continue to do so notwithstanding the fact
that management time should be devoted to the Company's business. Mr. Elwood
Norris, Chairman, and Mr. Robert Putnam, Secretary and Treasurer, presently
devote approximately 10% of their time to the affairs of the Company. These
management members generally expect to devote time to the Company only on an
as-needed basis over the next twelve months. Certain conflicts of interest now
exist and will continue to exist between the Company and Mr. Norris and Mr.
Putnam due to the fact that each Mr. Norris and Mr. Putnam has other employment
or business interests to which he devotes significant attention. The Company has
not established policies or procedures for the resolution of current or
potential conflicts of interest between the Company and its management or
management-affiliated entities. There can be no assurance that Mr. Norris and
Mr. Putnam will resolve all conflicts of interest in the Company's favor.
SPECIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST DUE TO RELATIONSHIP OF EXECUTIVES
One of the Company's officers and directors, Mr. Robert Putnam, also
acts as Secretary of Norris Communications, Inc. (NCI), a company in which Mr.
Elwood Norris is the acting chief executive officer and chairman of the board.
Mr. Putnam is also the president and chief executive officer of American
Technology Corporation (ATC), a company in which Mr. Norris is a significant
shareholder and director. In these positions Mr. Putnam is subordinate to Mr.
Norris and the possibility exists that these relationships will affect Mr.
Putnam's independence as a director of the Company.
INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND OTHERS
The Company's Certificate of Incorporation provides for the
indemnification of its officers, directors, employees and agents, under certain
circumstances, against attorney's fees and other expenses incurred by them and
judgments rendered against them in any litigation to which they become a party
arising from their association with or activities on behalf of the Company. The
Company may also bear the expenses of such litigation for any of its officers,
directors, employees or agents, upon their promise to repay such sums if it is
ultimately determined that they are not entitled to indemnification. This
indemnification policy could result in substantial expenditures by the Company
which it may be unable to recoup even if so entitled.
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<PAGE> 11
EXCLUSION OF DIRECTOR LIABILITY
The Company's Certificate of Incorporation excludes personal liability
on the part of its directors to the Company for monetary damages for breach of
fiduciary duty, except in certain specified circumstances. Accordingly, the
Company will have a much more limited right of action against its directors than
otherwise would be the case. This exclusionary provision does not affect the
liability of any director under federal or applicable state securities laws. See
"Exclusion of Director Liability."
NO DIVIDENDS WILL BE PAID IN FORESEEABLE FUTURE
The Company does not contemplate paying cash dividends in the
foreseeable future. Future dividends will depend on the Company's earnings, if
any, and its financial requirements.
TRADING RISK OF LOW-PRICED STOCKS
The Company's common shares are currently defined as "penny stocks"
under the Exchange Act, and rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission
thereunder. The Exchange Act and such penny stock rules generally impose
additional sales practice and disclosure requirements upon broker-dealers who
sell the Company's securities to persons other than certain "accredited
investors" (generally, institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or
individuals with net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual income exceeding
$200,000, or $300,000 jointly with spouse) or in transactions not recommended by
the broker-dealer. For transactions covered by the penny stock rules, the
broker-dealer must make a suitability determination for each purchaser and
receive the purchaser's written agreement prior to the sale. In addition, the
broker-dealer must make certain mandated disclosures in penny stock
transactions, including the actual sale or purchase price and actual bid and
offer quotations, the compensation to be received by the broker-dealer and
certain associated persons, and deliver certain disclosures required by the
Securities and Exchange Commission. Consequently, the penny stock rules may
affect the ability of broker-dealers to make a market in or trade the Company's
shares and thus may also affect the ability of purchasers of shares to resell
those shares in the public markets.
LIMITED ACTIVE TRADING MARKET; MARKET VOLATILITY
The Company's shares are traded on the OTC Electronic Bulletin Board, a
screen-based trading system operated by the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc. Securities traded on the Bulletin Board are, for the most part
thinly traded and, as the preceding Risk Factor indicates, subject to special
regulations not imposed on securities listed or traded on the National
Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation ("NASDAQ") system or on a
national securities exchange. The Company's shares have experienced in the past
and are expected to experience in the future significant price and volume
volatility, increasing the risk of ownership to investors
MARKET OVERHANG OF REGISTERED STOCK MAY AFFECT MARKET AND TRADING PRICE OF
COMPANY'S SHARES
The purchase price of 1,325,000 shares of the stock being registered
herein was $0.50 per common share; 75,000 common shares being registered were
issued for services at $0.30 per common share; 500,000 shares being registered
were issued for technology at $0.38 per share; and 1,272,068 common shares being
registered were issued to shareholders of Metacomp in exchange for Metacomp
shares, many obtained for nominal consideration. The aforementioned pricings are
below the recent trading price of the Company's Common Stock. Due to the lack of
an active trading market and past volatility of the Company's shares, sales by
holders of any of the shares registered herein or those registered concurrently
on Form S-3 may have an adverse effect on the trading price of and market for
the Company's common shares. Sales of significant numbers of registered shares
into the open market probably will have a depressive effect on the market for
and trading price of the common stock, but the Company cannot predict the likely
timing or extent of any such sales or the long- or short-term market effect of
any sales.
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<PAGE> 12
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) - a chip built to meet the
specific application of one customer, requiring large volumes to recover
the high development costs.
ASSP (Application Specific Standard Product) - a chip designed for a particular
market application rather than a single customer, e.g. a keyboard
controller that can be used by many customers.
AT - The first IBM computer that had a 16 bit computer data bus (connectors
for communication cards).
BANDWIDTH - the rate or speed at which information can move in a given medium,
such as an electronic wire or the air.
BRI (Basic Rate Interface) - A digital service consisting of 2 B channels and 1
D channel. The B channels are used for data and the D channel is used for
control.
BIT - a binary digit, the smallest unit of digital information - either an "on"
(1) or "off" (0) signal. Microprocessors are generally 4-bit to 32-bit
referring to the amount of data they can process.
BROWSER OR WEB BROWSER - user interface software used to navigate the Internet.
It integrates many Internet functions such as Web searching and transfer,
file transfers, news group communications and electronic mail under one
simple easy-to-learn and use interface.
BUS - a group of connectors in a computer system that allow a number of
different cards to communicate.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) - the part of a computer that interprets and
executes instructions.
CHIP (DIE) - the small piece of a silicon wafer containing the microscopic
electrical components and wiring for an integrated circuit -- the
integrated circuit without a package surrounding it.
CMOS - (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) a structure for building
transistors using pairs of positively and negatively charged areas within
the silicon. It is the dominant semiconductor manufacturing process because
of its high-density and low-power attributes.
COMPUTER - a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed
mathematical and logical operations or otherwise processes information.
CYBERSHARK - the Company's tradename for its ISDN digital modem product.
DIGITAL MODEM - Allows non ISDN devices, e.g. computers, to be connected to ISDN
telephone lines. In computer use it operates comparable to modems for
analog telephone lines. A more technical term is a "terminal adapter," and
a Digital Modem is sometimes called an "ISDN modem."
E1 - The European equivalent of T1.
EMBEDDED CONTROL SYSTEMS (Embedded systems, embedded controller, embedded
control microprocessor) products that contain computers, but are not
necessarily used as computers. Used for control applications such as laser
printer controllers, graphics controllers, accelerator cards, motion
controllers, digital communication devices and video terminal controllers.
GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR) - a technique employing microwave radiation
(radar) to penetrate the earth's surface. Devices using this technique may
also be used to penetrate walls and other objects.
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<PAGE> 13
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT - A device that incorporates many transistors in a small area
or "chip" of silicon, which is encapsulated in plastic, ceramic or other
forms of packaging and connected to a circuit board.
INTERNET - a worldwide cooperative interconnection of smaller public and private
computer networks (an interconnected network of networks). The World Wide
Web is a portion of the Internet.
INTERNET COMPUTER - a portable computer-based device specifically designed to
access the Internet or the World Wide Web. Also referred to as a Internet
Terminal, Teleputer, Web Terminal, Net Computer, Internet PC, Internet
Appliance, Browser Box, Internet Box and similar names. A number of
companies have announced the introduction of such portable devices. Many of
these devices are expected to utilize Java.
INTRANET - private networks (primarily corporate) that use the infrastructure
and standards of the Internet and the World Wide Web but are cordoned off
from the public Internet.
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) - The name given by all the manufacturers
to the BUS used in the IBM AT computer.
JAVA - an object-oriented programming language that operates independent of any
particular operating system and was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc. Java
programs, called applets, can be accessed over a network and run on any
processor whenever needed.
JAVA PROCESSOR- a microprocessor designed primarily to execute the Java language
on a particular CPU.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) - is a set of digital transmission
protocols that virtually all of the world's communications carriers have
adopted as a standard to allow a standard twisted-pair copper telephone
line to be a high-speed high-capacity digital line capable of multiple
transmissions.
KBPS - Kilobits per second, thousand bits per second.
MICROCONTROLLER - a specialized microprocessor that contains embedded within a
single silicon chip memory and input-output devices in addition to the
central processing unit (CPU) designed to perform a specific function. For
example, the devices used for managing a car's odometer or running the
paper feeder in a printer.
MICROPROCESSOR - an integrated circuit that contains the entire central
processing unit (CPU) of a computer, typically fabricated on a single
silicon chip. A microprocessor processes system data and controls
input/output, peripheral and memory devices.
PRI - (Primary Rate Interface) - A variation of T1 which consists of 23 B
channels and 1 D channel. The B channels are used to carry data and the D
channel is used for controls. Each B channel has a data rate capacity of 64
kilo bits per second.
PROPRIETARY - means that the Company owns the technology and has the right to
economically exploit the technology.
PSC1000 - The Company's first proprietary RISC-based 32-bit microprocessor that
is based on the ShBoom technology and architecture and is integrated on a
single chip using a 0.8 micron silicon manufacturing process. The ShBoom
technology or architecture describes the broad technology that can be
incorporated in a number of microprocessors of different configurations and
silicon manufacturing processes.
PCI - A newer faster BUS which supports 32 or 64 data bit transfers.
REGISTER - a directly addressable location for storing data within a computer.
Most microprocessors are register based. Also see Stack/Register
Architecture.
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<PAGE> 14
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) - a computer whose instructions are much
simpler than Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC). This, and other
architectural differences, allow RISC instructions to execute at a faster
rate and thus provide higher performance than a similar technology CISC
machine.
SEMICONDUCTOR - a substance, such as silicon, on which many transistors and the
connections between them are fabricated as an integrated circuit. The term
"Semiconductors" is often more broadly defined as integrated circuits.
SHBOOM - The Company's tradename for its proprietary RISC-based 32-bit
microprocessor (CPU) technology and/or architecture.
STACK- A group of storage locations within a computer, maintained in sequence,
accessible for data retrieval primarily from the top of the stack. The
limited accessibility of stacks simplify computer algorithms by reducing
the amount of information that must be kept to find a given piece of
information -- all data is located relative to the top of the stack.
Stack-based or stack-oriented has advantages in certain applications over
the vast majority of computers which are register-based designs.
STACK/REGISTER ARCHITECTURE - The combined stack/register architecture employed
by the ShBoom is primarily stack-based but offers some design benefits of
register-based architectures.
SUB-MICRON - silicon chip design using transistors smaller than 1.0 micron. The
smaller the transistor size, the more functionality can be contained on a
chip of a given physical dimension The PSC1000 is currently designed in 0.8
micron geometry and the ShBoom technology is designed to accommodate
smaller micron geometry.
T1 - A telephone service which carries digital signals between the customer
and the central office at 1.544 megahertz speeds.
TRANSISTOR - a small electronic device containing a semiconductor. It is the
lowest level element in an integrated circuit which switches the flow of
electricity "on" or "off."
VME - An older BUS system typically used for industrial control systems.
WAFERS - the typically 6" or 8" diameter slices of silicon crystal on which
integrated circuits are fabricated.
WORLDWIDE WEB OR WWW- a portion of the Internet which is a distributed
hypermedia system using hypertext documents which use text with pointers to
other text. The World Wide Web is accessed using browser programs allowing
searches and linking of documents and databases. Allows non-technical users
to exploit the capabilities of the Internet.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
Each Selling Shareholder is free to offer and sell his or her Common
Shares at such times, in such manner and at such prices as he or she shall
determine. The Selling Shareholders have advised the Company that sales of
Common Shares may be effected from time to time in one or more types of
transactions (which may include block transactions) in the over-the-counter
market, in negotiated transactions through the writing of options on the Common
Shares, settlement of short sales of Common Shares, or a combination of such
methods of sale, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, or at
negotiated prices. Such transactions may or may not involve brokers, dealers or
cash transactions. The Selling Shareholders have advised the Company that they
have not entered into any agreements, understandings or arrangements with any
underwriters or broker-dealers regarding the sale of their securities, nor is
there an underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with the
proposed sale of the Common Shares by the Selling Shareholders.
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<PAGE> 15
The Selling Shareholders may effect such transactions by selling Common
Stock directly to purchasers or to or through broker-dealers, which may act as
agents or principals. Such broker-dealers may receive compensation in the form
of discounts, concessions, or commissions from the Selling Shareholders and/or
the purchasers of Common Shares for whom such broker-dealers may act as agents
or to whom they sell as principal, or both (which compensation as to a
particular broker-dealer might be in excess of customary commissions).
The Selling Shareholders and any broker-dealers that act in connection
with the sale of Common Shares might be deemed to be "underwriters" within the
meaning of Section 2(11) of the Act, and any commissions received by such
broker-dealers and any profit on the resale of the Common Shares sold by them
while acting as principals might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or
commissions under the Act. The Selling Shareholders may agree to indemnify any
agent, dealer or broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving sales
of the Common Shares against certain liabilities including liabilities arising
under the Act.
Because Selling Shareholders may be deemed to be "underwriters" within
the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Act, the Selling Shareholders will be
subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Act.
The Company has informed the Selling Shareholders that the
anti-manipulative Rules 10b-6, 10b-7, and Regulation M promulgated under the
Exchange Act may apply to their sales in the market.
Selling Shareholders also may resell all or a portion of the Common
Shares in open market transactions in reliance upon Rule 144 under the Act,
provided they meet the criteria and conform to the requirements of such Rule.
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the
Selling Shareholders as of July 11, 1997. Except as set forth below, none of the
Selling Shareholders currently is an affiliate of the Company, and none of them
has had a material relationship with the Company during the past three years.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Amount and
Percentage of
Beneficial Maximum Number Common Stock
Ownership of Shares of After the Sale
of Common Stock Common Stock --------------------------
Name at July 10, 1997 Offered for Sale Number %
- --------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
SEA Ltd. (1) 1,000,000 1,000,000 -- 0.0%
Helmut Falk Family Trust (8) 9,825,000 500,000 9,325,000 26.1%
Robert E. Crawford Jr 325,000 325,000 -- 0.0%
Jayanta K. Maitra (2) (3) 187,342 187,342 -- 0.0%
Progeny Resources LLC (2) 182,590 182,590 -- 0.0%
Shaw Laboratories Limited
Money Purchase Plan (5) 175,000 75,000 100,000 0.3%
Richard B. Rauch (2) 140,140 140,140 -- 0.0%
Norman J. Dawson (2) (4) 137,317 137,317 -- 0.0%
Erik R. Myrmo (2) 100,100 100,100 -- 0.0%
John L. Kolb (2) (5) 62,282 62,282 -- 0.0%
Brentwood Associates II (2) 54,932 54,932 -- 0.0%
Brotherhood of Engineers 50,050 50,050 -- 0.0%
The Michael F. Wells Family
Trust U/A/T dtd. 11/26/82 (2) 30,800 30,800 -- 0.0%
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 16
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Marilyn J. Wells (2) 27,500 27,500 -- 0.0%
Burton H. Alden (2) 19,595 19,595 -- 0.0%
Nestor Lopez (2) (5) 16,500 16,500 -- 0.0%
Michael J. Long and Penelope H. Long
as Trustees of the Michael J. Long
Family Trust, U/D/T Dated February 27,
1987 (2) 13,163 13,163 -- 0.0%
Harold G. Suiter & Brooke J. Suiter,
TTEES The Suiter Family Trust
Agreement Dated 6/22/87 (2) 12,513 12,513 -- 0.0%
Clifton H. Hawley & Martha S
Hawley, WROS (2) 12,375 12,375 -- 0.0%
Arthur C. Perry, M.D. A Medical
Corporation Defined Benefit
Retirement Plan (2) 12,375 12,375 -- 0.0%
Job Training Systems, Inc. (5) 9,900 9,900 -- 0.0%
Barbara C. Conn 9,900 9,900 -- 0.0%
Doak O. Conn, III (5) 9,900 9,900 -- 0.0%
Eric L. Dalton (5) 9,900 9,900 -- 0.0%
Sharon L. Severson 9,798 9,798 -- 0.0%
Robert W. Duncan 9,798 9,798 -- 0.0%
Harry L. White 8,862 8,862 -- 0.0%
James Coleman Carenzo (7) 8,800 8,800 -- 0.0%
Michael Tyler Carenzo (7) 8,800 8,800 -- 0.0%
Kristen Jean Carenzo (7) 8,800 8,800 -- 0.0%
King-Yan Lau (5) 8,687 8,687 -- 0.0%
Kathleen R. Krizo 7,812 7,812 -- 0.0%
Norman J. Dawson, Custodian FBO
David Dawson (6) 6,931 6,931 -- 0.0%
Alma B. Lopez 6,875 6,875 -- 0.0%
Matthew Dawson (6) 6,395 6,395 -- 0.0%
Katherine Dawson (6) 6,050 6,050 -- 0.0%
Pantheon USA Fund Limited 5,570 5,570 -- 0.0%
Mark Dawson (6) 5,500 5,500 -- 0.0%
Troy Pearson (6) 5,500 5,500 -- 0.0%
Shelley Pearson (6) 5,500 5,500 -- 0.0%
Lynn Dawson (6) 5,500 5,500 -- 0.0%
Doak O. Conn IV 4,512 4,512 -- 0.0%
Lynn Dawson (6) 4,400 4,400 -- 0.0%
Loisanne Mitchell 4,125 4,125 -- 0.0%
Agostino Burzio 3,761 3,761 -- 0.0%
Edward W. Unkhart & Michele T
Takei, Trustees of the Takei Unkhart
Family Trust U/D/T Dated August 26, 1987 3,761 3,761 -- 0.0%
Vonavie Sue Leonard (5) 3,713 3,713 -- 0.0%
Matthew Dawson (6) 3,300 3,300 -- 0.0%
ZZYZX Employee Benefit Trust 3,095 3,095 -- 0.0%
B.U.N.P 2,862 2,862 -- 0.0%
William E. Walker (5) 2,750 2,750 -- 0.0%
Peter & Ruth Wu 2,750 2,750 -- 0.0%
Shelley Pearson (6) 2,200 2,200 -- 0.0%
Van A. & Judy L. Forsyth 1,375 1,375 -- 0.0%
Stephen W. McClure 1,375 1,375 -- 0.0%
Lilly Nguyen (5) 1,375 1,375 -- 0.0%
Max B. and Susan B. DeLiema 1,263 1,263 -- 0.0%
Christopher Kendall Dalton 367 367 -- 0.0%
Michelle Adair Dalton 366 366 -- 0.0%
Kendra Elizabeth Dalton 366 366 -- 0.0%
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 17
(1) Richard D. McDaniel, a director of the Company, may direct certain
investment power over these shares.
(2) These shareholders have entered into a lockup agreement dated March
31, 1997 providing that only 5% of the respective holdings of each
shareholder may be sold in any one month period until December 1998.
(3) Vice President of Engineering of the Company.
(4) Vice President and General Manager of the Company.
(5) An employee of or consultant to the Company within the past three
years.
(6) These persons are children or children-in-law of Norman J. Dawson,
Vice President and General Manager of the Company. Mr. Dawson
disclaims any beneficial interest in these shares.
(7) These persons are adult children of Michael A. Carenzo, President
and CEO of the Company who disclaims any beneficial interest in
these shares.
(8) This trust is deemed an affiliate of the Company due to its greater
than 5% beneficial ownership
The number of Common Shares reported above as beneficially owned by each
Selling Shareholder is based solely on a review of a list of the Company's
shareholders prepared by the Company's transfer agent and registrar as of such
date. The foregoing table assumes that all Common Shares offered for sale
hereunder will be sold. There is no assurance that any of the Selling
Shareholders will sell all or any of the Common Shares respectively offered by
them hereunder.
THE COMPANY
GENERAL
Patriot Scientific Corporation (the "Company" or "Patriot") was
organized under Delaware law on March 24, 1992 as the successor by merger to
Patriot Financial Corporation, a Colorado corporation incorporated on June 10,
1987. Its address is 10989 Via Frontera, San Diego, California 92127, and its
telephone number is (619) 674-5000. The Company's home page can be located on
the World Wide Web at http://www.ptsc.com.
The Company is engaged in the development and marketing of patented
microprocessor technology and high-performance digital communication products.
The Company also owns and is developing innovative radar and antenna technology.
The Company's strategy is to exploit its technologies through product sales,
licensing, strategic alliances or government contracting.
The Company has had limited revenues since its inception and, as a
result of the acquisition of Metacomp and initiation of CyberShark sales, only
recently emerged from the development stage. There can be no assurance the
Company can achieve profitable operations.
BACKGROUND
In February of 1989 the Company completed its initial public offering
pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-18 under the Securities Act of
1933 (the "Act"), raising gross proceeds of $50,000 and net proceeds of
approximately $28,640 upon the sale of 2,500,000 units at $.02 per unit. Each
unit sold in the public offering consisted of one Common Share and one Class A
common stock purchase warrant exercisable to acquire one share of common stock
and one Class B common stock purchase warrant. All Class A and Class B warrants
have since been exercised or have lapsed.
On August 10, 1989, the Company acquired its GPR technology from the
inventor, Mr. Elwood G. Norris, now the Company's Chairman. The details of that
acquisition and certain related agreements are described in more detail in
"Certain Transactions" below. A description of the GPR technology, certain
information about the industry generally, and the Company's operational plans
are discussed below under the caption "Business".
On May 12, 1992, the Company redomiciled itself from Colorado to
Delaware by merging into a wholly-owned Delaware subsidiary (Patriot Scientific
Corporation) organized for that purpose. The reincorporation resulted in a
combination (reverse split) of each three of the Company's common shares, par
value $.00001, into one share of the Delaware corporation, par value $.00001.
The reincorporation also effected a change in the Company's charter and bylaws
and a name change to Patriot Scientific Corporation.
In May of 1993, the Company registered under the Act a total of
7,631,606 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding Class A and Class B
common stock purchase warrants. The Company received net proceeds of $3,343,915
16
<PAGE> 18
upon the exercise of those warrants and the issuance of 7,538,102 common shares.
None of such warrants remain outstanding.
Effective May 31, 1994, pursuant to an Assets Purchase Agreement and
Plan of Reorganization ("nanoTronics Agreement") between the Company,
nanoTronics Corporation ("nanoTronics") located in Eagle Point, Oregon and
Helmut Falk ("Falk"), the Company issued a total of 10,000,000 restricted common
shares to nanoTronics to acquire certain microprocessor technology of
nanoTronics. The technology acquired ("ShBoom technology") is being used to
develop a sophisticated yet low cost microprocessor. 5,000,000 of the shares
were issued on a non-contingent basis and the remaining 5,000,000 shares are
subject to the terms of an earnout escrow arrangement. See "Business."
Effective December 26, 1996, pursuant to an exchange offer and letter of
transmittal, the Company acquired 96.9% of the outstanding shares of Metacomp
Inc., a California corporation ("Metacomp") from 56 shareholders in exchange for
the issuance of 1,272,068 shares of the Company's common stock. Based on the
closing price of the Company's common stock of $1.375 on the date of the
acquisition, the price of the acquisition was $1,749,094. This business
combination has been accounted for as a pooling-of-interests. Sixteen persons
who hold an aggregate of 1,059,574 common shares issued in the Metacomp
acquisition, have agreed to a lock-up arrangement limiting sales by each holder
to 5% of their shares per month through December 1998.
BUSINESS
ORGANIZATION AND CORPORATE DEVELOPMENT
The Company's business is managed as three major technologies/divisions
(1) ShBoom microprocessor technology, (2) digital communications and (3) radar
and antennae technology. The Company anticipates that the PSC1000 family of the
ShBoom microprocessors will benefit the radar and antennae technology and the
digital communications division, in that the ShBoom microprocessor may provide a
low-cost, high performance alternative to existing microprocessors. Due to the
Company's small size, staffing overlaps among the divisions with certain
personnel working on more than one of the technologies from time to time. As a
result of the business combination with Metacomp, the Company is no longer a
development stage company.
During fiscal years 1997 and 1996 the Company focused its efforts on the
ShBoom technology and digital communications technologies. The ShBoom technology
and the Company's initial microprocessors, the PSC1000 family, are targeted for
the embedded controller and Java language processor marketplaces.
In reviewing markets for the ShBoom technology, the Company identified
within the communications market a possible opportunity for its ISDN product.
During fiscal 1995 the Company initiated the development of a computer
compatible plug-in card allowing high-speed, cost-effective digital ISDN access
to the Internet and other networks. This product, the CyberShark digital modem,
is being marketed to Internet providers, distributors, value added resalers and
original equipment manufacturers and has been integrated with Metacomp's digital
communication products.
In 1994, during the course of the Company's GPR development, the Company
identified certain antenna technology employing ionized gas as the conducting
element. In April, 1997 the Company obtained a government contract to evaluate
and characterize the gas antenna technology. Management believes this technology
could also have applications in digital communications and radar. However,
Company has no present plans to devote significant resources to this technology
other than from outside funding.
INTERNET GROWTH AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
The Internet is a rapidly growing global web of computer networks.
Developed over 25 years ago, this "network of networks" allows any computer
connected to the Internet to talk to any other using the Internet Protocol. The
Internet provides organizations and individuals with new means to conduct
business. Commercial uses of the Internet include business-to-business and
business-to-consumer transactions, product marketing, advertising,
entertainment, electronic publishing, electronic services and customer support.
The Company believes that organizations will also increasingly use the Internet
and private Intranet networks to improve communications, distribute information,
lower operating costs and change operations.
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<PAGE> 19
Use of the Internet has grown rapidly since its commercialization in the
early 1990's. While industry estimates of the number of Internet users varies
widely, a survey conducted by CommerceNet-Nielsen Media Research in December
1996 and January 1997 indicates that 50.6 million persons in the U.S. and Canada
use the Internet, more than twice the usage that occurred in 1995. The Internet
is a rapidly growing market segment impacting computer hardware, software and
peripheral industries. The rapid growth in popularity of the Internet is in part
due to continuing penetration of computers and modems into U.S. households,
growth of the informational, entertainment and commercial applications and
resources of the Internet and the growing awareness of such resources among
individuals, and increasing availability of user-friendly navigational and
utility tools which enable easier access to the Internet's resources.
The growth of the Internet and corporate Intranets is creating a demand
for hardware, software and peripherals. The large and growing number of users
connecting to the Internet is creating a demand for traditional analog modems
and ISDN digital modems, such as the Company's CyberShark, and other digital
communication devices such as those produced by Metacomp. New software, such as
Java, is emerging to serve the requirements of Internet users.
The Java programming language was originally developed for personal
digital assistant devices (PDA's) and television set top boxes. It was formally
announced as an object-oriented language for the Internet in May 1995 by Sun
Microsystems Inc. It was launched on the Internet through the free offer of a
Java programming software developer's kit and Java related browser, a form of
Internet software interface. A large number of major computer, software, browser
and on-line service provider companies have licensed the Java language.
Accordingly, although no assurance can be given, Java appears to be emerging as
the fundamental platform for distributed, network-centric applications. There is
a growing list of Java applications or applets now available on the Internet
that not only enhance Web pages but perform many functions of traditional
computer software programs. The Company's ShBoom technology lends itself to
potential acceptance in this market.
With Java, data and programs do not have to be stored on the user's
computer, but can reside anywhere on the Internet to be called upon as needed,
sometimes referred to as just-in-time software. Among its various attributes,
two key features of Java are (1) its ability to run on a variety of computer
operating systems thus avoiding the problem of incompatibility across networks,
and (2) security, because Java enables the construction of virus-free,
tamper-free systems by using resource-access control and public-key encryption.
Because of Java's useful features, it may also become a popular programming
language for embedded applications.
Since Java is designed to run on multiple types of computers and
operating systems, it allows developers to write a program once for many types
of operating systems, instead of having to write new versions for each type.
Java does this by interpreting a program's commands into something a particular
type of computer can understand. This interpretive design runs programs slower
than if they were tailored for each type of computer and is resulting in a need
for specialized microprocessors and compilers to increase Java's speed.
The growth of Java is causing a number of companies to consider it as a
basis for a new style of computing tailored to the Internet and not encumbered
by the limitations of, or requiring, traditional operating systems (such as
Microsoft DOS or Windows, UNIX or Macintosh). The concept is to design
inexpensive Internet computer devices or scaled down computers to access and
compute via the Internet. Public announcements of such devices have been made by
major companies such as Oracle and Sun Microsystems. There can be no assurance
that any such devices will become successful or that any will use the ShBoom
technology in the future.
SHBOOM MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY
GENERAL BACKGROUND. nanoTronics Corporation was formed in 1991 and
acquired the ShBoom technology, a base technology for an advanced microprocessor
integrated on a single chip. nanoTronics subsequently engaged in substantial
technical development and fabricated a first-generation microprocessor in early
1994.
Since the acquisition of the ShBoom technology from nanoTronics,
effective May 31, 1994, the Company has been engaged in correcting errors in the
microprocessor design, adding additional technical features to further modernize
the design, and improving and testing the new design. The Company obtained the
latest run of prototype chips in late May
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1996 (current version, the PSC1008, an 0.8 micron chip). These chips are being
employed in demonstrations for prospective customers and are available for sale.
However, prospective customers are generally awaiting the next generation of the
PSC1000 family, the PSC1005, a 0.5 micron production chip which is expected to
feature lower cost, reduced size and improved performance. Future enhancements
and generations or modifications of chips employing the ShBoom technology and
architecture are contemplated by the Company.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND. The semiconductor logic market has three major
sectors: (1) Standard Logic Products, (2) Application Specific Standard Products
(ASSPs), and (3) Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASICs). Standard logic
products, such as the Intel 80X86 and Motorola 680X0 microprocessor families,
are neither application nor customer specific. They are intended to be utilized
by a large group of systems designers for a broad range of applications. Because
they are designed to be used in a broad array of applications, they may not be
cost effective for specific applications. ASICs are designed to meet the
specific application of one customer. While cost effective for that application,
ASICs require large sales volumes of that application to recover their
development costs. ASSPs are developed for one or more applications but are not
generally proprietary to one customer. Examples of ASSP applications include
modems, cellular telephones, wireless communications, multimedia applications,
facsimile machines and local area networks. The Company's chip is a
microprocessor designed to be combined with application-specific software to
serve as an embedded control product for the ASSP market sector.
ASSPs are typically used in embedded control systems by manufacturers to
provide an integrated solution for application specific control requirements.
Such systems usually contain a microprocessor or microcontroller, logic
circuitry, memory and input/output circuitry. Electronic system manufacturers
combine one or more of these elements to fit a specific application. The
microprocessor provides the intelligence to control the system. The logic
circuitry provides functions specific to the end application. The input/output
circuitry may also be application specific or an industry standard component.
The memory element, if not on the microprocessor, is usually a standard product
to store program instructions and data. In the past, these functions have been
executed through multiple integrated circuits assembled on a printed circuit
board. The requirements for reduced cost and improved system performance have
created market opportunities for semiconductor suppliers to integrate some or
all of these elements into a single ASSP chip or chip set, such as the
ShBoom-architecture PSC1000 family. The PSC1000 family provides close
integration of the microprocessor and input/output function with the logic
circuitry, thereby providing an advanced ASSP.
Embedded control systems enable manufacturers to differentiate their
products, replace less efficient electromechanical control devices, add product
functionality and reduce product costs. In addition, embedded control systems
facilitate the emergence of completely new classes of products. Embedded control
systems have been incorporated into thousands of products and subassemblies
worldwide including automotive systems, remote controls, appliances, portable
computers and devices, cordless and cellular telephones, motor controls and many
other systems.
Microcontrollers are generally available in 4-bit through 32-bit
architectures, which refers to the amount of data they can process. Although
4-bit microcontrollers are relatively inexpensive, typically less than $1.00
each, they lack performance and features but account for more than 40% of
worldwide microcontroller volume. Also, in general use today are 8-bit
architectures, generally costing $1.00 to $10.00 each and accounting for an
additional 40% of worldwide microcontroller volume. To date 16-bit and 32-bit
architectures, with typical costs of over $10.00 each, have offered very high
performance, but are generally considered to be expensive for high-volume
embedded control applications. The use of 16-bit and 32-bit architectures offers
fewer internal limitations, making programming easier and providing higher
performance. Although generally more expensive per unit and requiring more
support logic and memory, these devices offer many advantages for more
sophisticated embedded control systems.
Electronic system designers, driven by competitive market forces, seek
semiconductor products with more intelligence, functionality and control which
can be used to reduce system costs and improve performance. For these needs, the
ShBoom architecture was designed to be a sophisticated 32-bit RISC (reduced
instruction set computer) microprocessor with advanced features, including the
most commonly needed support logic, but at a low cost; thereby providing
improved performance to existing embedded control applications and creating the
opportunity for the development of new, cost-effective applications.
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TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION. Conventional high-performance microprocessors
are register-based with large register sets. These registers are directly
addressable storage locations requiring a complex architecture that consumes
costly silicon. This conventional architecture provides processing power for
computer applications but complicates and slows the execution of individual
instructions and increases silicon size, thereby increasing chip cost.
The Company's technology is fundamentally different from most other
microprocessors because it is stack-oriented, in that the data is stored in
groups. The Company's microprocessor further employs certain features of both
register and stack designs. The resultant merged stack-register architecture
improves program execution for a wide range of embedded applications. The
Company's design combines two processors in one highly-integrated package, a
microprocessing unit (MPU) for performing conventional processing tasks, and an
input-output processor (IOP) for performing input-output functions. The IOP
replaces many dedicated peripheral functions supplied with other processors. The
microprocessor's design simplifies the manipulation of data. ShBoom's
architecture employs instructions which are shrunk from 32-bits to 8-bits. This
simplified instruction scheme improves execution speed for computer
instructions. The Company's architecture incorporates many on-chip system
functions, thus eliminating the requirement of support chips and reducing system
cost to users.
The PSC1008, the 0.8 micron chip, has been designed to operate at a
speed of 50Mhz; and the PSC1005, the 0.5 micron chip, has been designed to
operate at a speed of 100Mhz. They are compatible with a wide range of memory
technology from low cost DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) to high speed SRAM
(static random access memory). The chips can be packaged in various
surface-mount and die-form packaging. There can be no assurance that the
designed speed will be achieved with production chips or future versions or that
all of the desired functions will perform as anticipated.
The ShBoom technology is not designed or targeted to compete with
high-end processors for use in personal computers. It is targeted for embedded
control applications. The Company believes that the above advanced features
differentiate the PSC1000 family from other 8-bit to 32-bit chips targeted for
embedded control applications. Considering the reduced requirement for support
chips, the PSC1000 family is intended to be available at a high volume price
that should be price competitive with high-end 8-bit chip and general 16-bit
chip systems but with higher performance (speed and functional capability). The
PSC1000 family has been designed to allow high-speed and high-yield fabrication
using generally available wafer fabrication technology and facilities.
THE SHBOOM MICROPROCESSOR AS A JAVA PROCESSOR. The Company believes the
ShBoom microprocessor architecture is capable of being a highly-efficient and
cost-effective Java programming language processor. This is because Java is
designed to run on a stack-oriented architecture and the stack-oriented ShBoom
architecture is very efficient for executing the virtual stack machine internal
to Java. Many Java bytecodes (byte or 8-bit sized operation codes or
instructions) require only a single 8-bit PSC1000 family instruction to be
executed, providing a performance advantage over other more expensive processors
that require six or more 32-bit instructions to do the same task. This is an
important advantage for executing Java programs with increased speed. In
addition, the incorporation of many on-chip system functions is expected to
allow the PSC1000 family to perform most of the other functions required of an
Internet computer device or Java accelerator, thereby eliminating components.
Since Internet computers are designed to be inexpensive appliances for Internet
access, cost, speed and performance are expected to be key requirements for
designers. The Company believes the ShBoom technology can compete favorably on
the basis of such requirements, although there can be no assurance the Company
can successfully exploit Java related applications or that competitors will not
create superior Java processors.
The Company is currently in the process of porting a Java operating
system to the PSC1000 family, which currently utilizes the C programming
language for software support. In June 1997 the Company signed a Technology
License and Distribution Agreement with Sun Microsystems which will enable the
Company to develop and distribute products based on Sun's JavaOS Technology.
Successful implementation of a Java operating system is expected to produce one
of the best price performance chips available in silicon supporting the Java
virtual machine amongst many having been announced, including Sun
Microelectronics' PicoJava chip. The Company believes that, if the
implementation is successfully completed, the PSC1000 family will be competitive
with Java chips announced by competitors. However, there can be no assurance of
successful implementation of a Java operating system or of a market for a
PSC1000 family Java chip.
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STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT. An initial first-generation production of wafers
was fabricated in early 1994 at a contract fabrication facility using 6-inch
wafers employing 0.8 micron double-metal CMOS technology. After the May 31, 1994
acquisition, the Company improved the original design, added new features and
performed simulations and tests of the improved designs. In October 1995 a run
of six wafers of second-generation chips (of the same CMOS technology) were
fabricated by a contract fabrication facility. Subsequently, the Company tested
the resultant chips, while completing a C computer language compiler and
preparing application development tools. The compiler and application
development tools are necessary to enable system designers to program the
PSC1000 family for specific applications. The Company made corrections to the
design from testing the first run and produced an additional run of
second-generation chips from existing wafers. Second run chips (the PSC1008)
were received in May 1996. In July 1996, the Company commenced employing these
chips in demonstration boards for use by developers and prospective customers
and licensees.
In December 1996 the Company commenced development efforts aimed at
producing a 0.5 micron chip based on the ShBoom technology. Management
anticipates that a reduction to 0.5 micron double-metal CMOS technology (the
PSC1005) will improve operating speed, reduce power requirements, reduce
physical size and reduce fabrication cost resulting in improved cost-performance
over the PSC1008 and competitors. Management believes, although there can be no
assurance, that the reduction in size and the Java language implementation can
be completed by the end of August, 1997.
At each stage of development, chips require extensive testing to
ascertain performance limitations and the extent and nature of errors (bugs), if
any. When significant limitations or errors are discovered, additional rounds of
design modifications and fabrication are required prior to having functional and
demonstrable chips for prospective customers and licensees. Although PSC1008
version chips have been sent to prospective customers in anticipation of
production quantity orders, there can be no assurance that the Company, during
its continued testing of these products, will not identify errors requiring
additional rounds of design and fabrication prior to commercial production.
Additional delays could have an adverse effect on the marketability of the
Company's technology and the Company's financial condition.
The Company has developed marketing materials, product manuals and
application development tools for use by prospective licensees and customers.
The manuals and tools are necessary to enable system designers to quickly and
easily program the PSC1000 family for specific applications.
Management believes that the PSC1000 family is ready for licensing or
sale and that any additional changes encountered in current testing will be
minor and can be made during initial production runs of PSC1000 family chips for
customers, when and if orders are obtained. Management also believes the ShBoom
core technology is ready for licensing for use by others to develop custom
multiple function chips. Certain initial licensing discussions and customer
demonstrations have commenced. However, there can be no assurance of market
acceptance of the PSC1000 family or the Company's ShBoom technology.
BUSINESS STRATEGY. The increasing demand for embedded control has made
the market for microcontrollers one of the largest segments of the semiconductor
logic market. The Company's strategy does not entail competing directly with
suppliers who have multiple chips in various market segments, but on identifying
certain market niches that would benefit from the advanced features of the
ShBoom-architecture embedded microprocessors and its corresponding low system
cost.
Because of the above factors and competitive conditions, management
intends to focus most of its marketing development efforts on the Java processor
business, a new but highly-competitive field without an established base of
efficient chips and for which management believes the ShBoom architecture has
certain technical advantages.
Management believes that the ShBoom architecture is suited for
controller applications requiring high-performance and low system cost, such as
laser printers, dot-matrix printers, video terminals, robotics, motion
controllers, industrial controllers, digital communication devices, video games,
cable and satellite modems and TV set-top boxes. The Company expects that early
licensing of the technology and product applications will focus on embedded
control.
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Management believes the appropriate approach for the Company initially
lies in a balanced effort of cultivating licensees and developing specific
product enhancement partnerships, producing OEM products, developing innovative
in-house products, and providing technical support to third parties on a
contract basis. The overall balance of these approaches will be monitored and
modified as management attempts to ascertain and capitalize on the highly
dynamic and competitive embedded microprocessor market. There can be no
assurance that the Company can successfully exploit its ShBoom microprocessor
technology.
Subject to the availability of financial and personnel resources, while
the Company is commercializing the PSC1000 family and the ShBoom core
technology, the Company's strategy is to also design and develop future versions
of the chip with more demanding sub-micron technology and with more features.
However, the Company's resources are limited and there can be no assurance the
Company will be able to continue chip enhancement.
Initial fabrications of the PSC1008 were performed by a contract
fabrication facility. The PSC1005 has been delivered for fabrication to a
contract fabrication facility that has agreed to provide production quantities
for the Company's customers. There can be no assurance fabrication facilities
will be available to produce the PSC1000 family in the future. However, since
there are a large number of fabrication facilities with the capability to
produce the PSC1008 or PSC1005, management believes chips can be produced on a
contract basis. Industry shortages of fabrication facilities that may exist and
are predicted to exist in the future are generally limited to the more demanding
architectures. If a shortage of fabrication facilities develop, it could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's profitability.
The Company has appointed Compunetics Incorporated, a private company
controlled by a director of the Company, as its exclusive ShBoom microprocessor
representative to the three major U.S. auto producers and Premier Technical
Sales, Inc. as the primary marketing representative organization in the U.S.
They are responsible for representing the PSC1000 family to a wide range of
prospective embedded control users. The Company has appointed additional
representatives in other markets and/or for other distribution channels. The
Company has also created a full-time Vice President position to lead marketing
of the PSC1000 family.
COMPETITION. The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and has
been characterized by price erosion, rapid technological change and foreign
competition in many markets. The industry consists of major domestic and
international semiconductor companies, most of which have greater financial,
technical, marketing, distribution, development and other resources than the
Company. The market for microprocessors and for embedded control applications is
at least as competitive.
While the Company's strategy is to target high-volume licensees and
markets requiring more sophisticated but low-cost devices, the Company can still
expect significant competition. The Company may also elect to develop embedded
control system products utilizing the ShBoom architecture for itself or by
contract for other manufacturers.
The Company expects that the PSC1000 family, if successfully
commercialized in the embedded controller market, will compete with a variety of
16/32-bit microprocessors manufactured by major competitors including Intel,
Motorola, NEC, Zilog, and Advanced Micro Devices. As a Java processor, the
Company expects its PSC1000 family will compete with a broad range of
microprocessors including most modern standard logic chips such as the Pentium,
PowerPC, 80486, Sparc and ARM. A number of major companies have recently
announced chips targeted for low-cost Internet Terminals including Sun
Microsystems, Inc. and Digital Equipment Corp. These companies have
significantly greater resources than the Company.
A new entrant, such as the Company, is at a competitive disadvantage
compared to these and other established producers due to a number of factors,
including the lack of product performance experience, lack of experience by
customers in using application development systems, no record of technical
service and support, and limited marketing and sales capabilities.
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DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
GENERAL BACKGROUND. Starting in fiscal 1995 the Company initiated the
development of a computer compatible plug-in card allowing high-speed,
cost-effective digital ISDN access to the Internet and other networks. In
December, 1996 the Company acquired 96.9% of Metacomp Inc. to create a
communications division including engineering, assembly, marketing and
distribution. The acquisition of Metacomp expanded the product line and added a
digital communications revenue and customer base. Digital communication revenues
accounted for substantially all of the Company's revenues for the fiscal year
ended May 31, 1997.
Metacomp, founded in 1978, is a high technology company that designs,
assembles, and sells a wide range of high performance data and
telecommunications solutions for wide area networking and digital communications
requirements. In 1990, Metacomp filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition. In 1991,
the Bankruptcy Court confirmed Metacomp's plan of reorganization. As of July 31,
1996, all unsecured creditors debt had been discharged and one secured creditor
had entered into a forbearance agreement for a balance of $252,796, which was
paid in full by the Company in January 1997.
The business combination with Metacomp is being treated as a
pooling-of-interests, and the Metacomp product line has been combined with the
Company's ISDN product to form the communications division.
ISDN AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS DESCRIPTION. The Integrated Services
Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of digital transmission protocols that virtually
all of the world's communications carriers have adopted as a standard. ISDN
brings the digital network to the individual user by turning the twisted-pair
copper telephone line into a high-speed, high-capacity ISDN line with the
capacity for three transmissions (two voice, fax or computer conversations and
one data conversation) to happen at the same time. Further, up to eight separate
devices (telephones, computers, fax machines, etc.) can be connected to the same
ISDN line and each given separate telephone numbers. In many home and business
applications, the use of an ISDN line provides dramatically increased speed and,
by allowing multiple uses of one line, improved economics over multiple lines.
ISDN service is easily connected by local telephone companies.
In addition to ISDN products, the Company's communications division is
also engaged in providing solutions in wide area networking for both personal
computers as well as higher speed industrial systems using VME interfaces.
MAJOR COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION PRODUCTS. The Company has a line of ISDN
interface products for high speed, cost effective digital communications through
telephone networks. These products include:
CyberShark Family
CyberShark - This low-cost Basic Rate ISDN (BRI) adapter card for ISA
bus is targeted to allow home users, small businesses, and telecommuters
to access corporate networks and the Internet via ISDN. The card
includes an analog phone jack which allows the user to connect his
existing analog phone or fax machines for simultaneous voice
conversation. This card is designed specifically for Windows/95.
CyberShark/HSET - This BRI adapter card for ISA bus is designed to be
used with a headset/handset as opposed to an analog phone. It offers
access to the D channel and supports domestic as well as European telco
switches. Drivers for Windows/95, Windows/NT, and Linux are available.
CyberShark/BRI - This BRI adapter card for ISA bus is designed for OEM
integrators for the international market. Drivers for Windows/95,
Windows/NT, and Linux are available.
CyberShark/PRI - This Primary Rate ISDN (PRI) adapter card for ISA bus
provides intelligent support of up to 23 simultaneous digital
connections offered by the 23B+D interface. An optional MVIP Bus
interface on board allows easy integration into third-party voice or
video codec boards. Other downloadable firmware engines are available to
support T1/Fractional-T1 services. Drivers for Windows/NT and Linux are
available.
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FlagShip Family
FlagShip/PRI-2 - This newest member of the Company's ISDN product family
is a dual-span PRI adapter card for PCI bus which supports up to 46
simultaneous digital connections. The MVIP Bus interface is also
available as an option. Firmware engines to support T1/Fractional-T1
services will be offered. A driver for Windows/NT will be available.
VME Product Line - The Company also offers a line of intelligent high
speed communications engines in a VME form factor. Some of our customers
for these products include the military as well as large satellite based
data communications companies.
ATcomm2/4 Product Line - The Company also markets an intelligent two or
four channel product which is used around the world for high speed data
communications.
Other - The communications division also obtains revenue from providing
contract engineering and software development for customers. The Company
from time to time is able to retain a proprietary interest in developed
products and in such circumstances retains a license/royalty interest.
The Company's product strategy is to continue to provide data
communication solutions through improving current products and introducing new
products. The Company has seven research and development personnel assigned to
digital communication product development and enhancement. These activities
include customer specific development for OEMs, VARs and others as well as new
proprietary product development and enhancement.
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING STRATEGY. The Company's strategy is to have its
digital communication products manufactured on a sub-contract basis with, in
some instances, final assembly at the Company's facility. Products are tested
and distributed by the Company. Effective February 28, 1996, with respect to
CyberShark, the Company entered into a non-exclusive manufacturing agreement and
line of credit with Labway Corporation, a Taiwan-based contract manufacturer.
Labway Corporation has agreed to manufacture the CyberShark product for the
Company.
The Company recently hired a Vice President of Sales and Marketing for
the communications division. The marketing of the Company's digital
communications products is managed by an in-house marketing staff. The Company's
satellite and telecommunication products and ISDN products (other than
CyberShark) are targeted for OEMs, systems integrators, VARs and sophisticated
end users. The CyberShark is more of a consumer product and is targeted for
Internet service providers (businesses that provide individuals and businesses
access to the Internet through a local telephone number), sales through Internet
marketers and ISDN equipment resellers. Effective February 28, 1996 the Company
entered into a non-exclusive distribution and representation agreement with
Innoware, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Labway Corporation based in San
Diego, California. Innoware, Inc. currently markets multimedia products (sound
cards, video cards and communication cards for PC's) to PC system OEMs, PC
peripheral distributors and computer retailers.
COMPETITION. There are a number of ISDN terminal adapters competitive to
CyberShark offered by competitors including Ascend Communications, Inc.,
Motorola, Inc., ISDN-tek, Inc., Zyxel, Digi International and U.S. Robotics.
These companies have substantially greater resources than the Company. Although
not all of these companies offer PC plug-in card terminal adapters directly
competitive with the Company's product, there can be no assurance additional
direct competitors will not introduce competitive products.
The Company believes its products are competitive on both features and
price with the products currently in the marketplace or those known by
management to have been announced. ISDN modems also compete with traditional
analog modems and with other interface technologies such as cable modems.
Accordingly this field is subject to rapid technological change and fierce
competition.
The Company does not believe it can avail itself of patent protection on
most of its digital communication products in development. The Company does rely
on trade secrets and copyrights to protect its digital communications products.
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RADAR AND ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY
BACKGROUND. During the period from 1980-1983, Mr. Norris, Chairman of
the Company, developed a technique employing microwave radiation to penetrate
the earth's surface. This radar technology relates to "ground penetrating radar"
or "GPR." GPR technology is one of many of a family of geophysical tools and
sensing technologies which include seismic, electromagnetics, gravity, borehole
sampling and other techniques. GPR is a technique for producing profiles of
subsurface strata and features by emitting radar waves and recording the
reflected signals.
The Company commenced active development of its GPR technology in April
1992. By May 1993 the Company was able to demonstrate the sensing, processing
and crude visualization of images from its technology, and by May 1994 the
Company had completed its prototype device. Since May 1994 the Company has
focused its efforts and limited financial resources on the ShBoom technology and
communication products, effectively suspending development and most marketing
efforts related to GPR.
GPR TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION. The Company has developed sensors (wave
generators and antennae) and techniques for the processing, conversion,
compression, storage, and visualization (collectively, computer processing) of
GPR data. The Company has developed proprietary techniques for wave generation
and proprietary antennae for the sending and receiving of data. The Company uses
proprietary methods to capture and process returned signals.
The Company has assembled a mobile prototype version of its GPR
technology. This prototype encompasses a blending of laboratory equipment (with
internal software and hardware custom configured and modified to function as
desired) and specialized components including antennae, power generators and
amplifiers. The prototype has demonstrated the ability to penetrate multiple
solid objects (walls and barriers) and identify return signals from additional
objects such as walls, persons and manmade barriers. In certain ground strata,
the Company has been able to resolve objects of six inch size at approximately
ten feet in depth. The Company's device does not require contact with the ground
providing enhanced mobility, extended area coverage and the ability to look
sideways (for example through walls and in mine shafts).
The Company has one U.S. patent on antenna technology for its GPR. Other
aspects of the GPR system are maintained as trade secrets, although additional
patent applications may be filed in the future.
STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF GPR TECHNOLOGY. As of the date of this
Prospectus, the Company's prototype system is used for limited prospective
customer and user evaluations of the technology. The Company has demonstrated
using the technology to detect plastic mines, side viewing through walls and
solid structures for detection of bodies or other objects, and viewing of
plastic pipes and other underground objects.
The Company believes most prospective users will require more
specifically tailored equipment and multiple devices. Commercialization of the
GPR technology will require additional development to improve visualization
software and to replace the current system with specifically designed components
to minimize cost and weight and improve portability.
There can be no assurance that a commercially viable device will or can
be produced, and the Company has no existing users or customers. There can be no
assurance any prospective users will select the Company's device over
competitive devices (See "Competition").
GAS ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY. In September 1994 the Company filed a patent
application on certain gas antenna technology invented during its radar
development. Immediately upon receiving notice of allowance, the invention was
classified secret by the U.S. Department of Commerce in June, 1995 at the
request of a defense agency. This technology is not currently used in and is
separate and apart from the GPR technology, although it may be employed in the
GPR technology in the future.
In January 1996 the Company filed an application seeking
declassification of the technology, and in June 1996 was advised that
de-classification had been approved and the U.S. patent issued in
January, 1997. The de-classification allows the Company to exploit the
technology for both governmental and commercial purposes.
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The Company's gas antenna technology employs ionized gas as the
conducting element of an antenna. This is a fundamental change from traditional
antenna design which generally employs solid wires as the conducting element.
Management believes ionized gas is an efficient conducting element with a number
of advantages. Since the gas is ionized only for the precise time of
transmission or reception, ringing and associated effects of solid wire antenna
design is reduced. The design allows for extremely short pulses, important to
many forms of digital communication and radar. The design further provides the
opportunity to construct an antenna that can be dynamically reconfigured for
frequency, direction, bandwidth, gain and beamwidth. Management believes
antennas can be designed that are low in weight, small in size and with lower
power consumption than traditional solid wire antennas.
In April, 1997 the Company obtained a small contract to evaluate a
prototype of the gas antenna technology. There can be no assurance that the
Company will obtain additional development funds or that it can successfully
exploit this technology.
BUSINESS STRATEGY. The Company has limited resources to pursue further
development to commercialize a GPR system for the above markets and to exploit
the gas antenna technology. The Company's strategy is to use its GPR and gas
antenna prototypes to demonstrate to prospective users the Company's
capabilities and to seek partnering arrangements to develop custom commercial
devices for specific applications. The Company's marketing activities to date
have been very limited and are focused primarily towards governmental agencies.
The strategy is to seek sponsorship to assist in further development and
commercialization of the present technology. There can be no assurance that the
Company can obtain any outside assistance or successfully complete development
and commercially exploit its GPR or gas antenna technology.
COMPETITION. The segment of the electronics industry which involves the
manufacture and sale of GPR equipment is not large or cohesive enough to be
referred to as an "industry" but is more a specialized subset of geophysical
tools which include seismic equipment and other geophysical and scientific
instruments. The antenna industry is very competitive and consists of a large
number of companies with substantial resources, a large installed base,
established government and commercial relationships, and large research and
development staffs. It is possible that any such technology owned or developed
by others may be further advanced than the Company's technology.
The Company has not yet developed a commercially marketable prototype of
its GPR or gas antenna technology. Most of the Company's potential competitors
are actively engaged in operations and have had time to develop product
recognition and market share and have greater financial and other resources than
the Company.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Company's current development efforts are focused on the
introduction of the PSC1000-family microprocessor and digital communication
products. The development of the Company's technologies has taken longer than
anticipated by management and could be subject to additional delays. Therefore,
there can be no assurance of timely or successful marketing of the
PSC1000-family or of continued market acceptance of existing and proposed
digital communication products.
The Company incurred research and development expenditures of $1,367,937
and $1,527,759 for the fiscal years ended May 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
The majority of the Company's expenditures in fiscal 1997 and 1996 have been
expended on its ShBoom and digital communications technologies. To date, the
Company has expensed internal software development costs as incurred. The
Company believes that technical advances are essential to its success and
expects that it will continue to expend funds on research and development of its
technologies; however, there can be no assurance that such research and
development efforts will result in the design and development of competitive
technologies in a timely manner.
LICENSES, PATENTS, TRADE SECRETS AND OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS The Company relies
on a combination of patents, copyright and trademark
laws, trade secrets, software security measures, license agreements and
nondisclosure agreements to protect its proprietary technologies. The Company
pursues a policy of seeking the issuance of patents that it considers important
to its business to protect inventions and technology that support the Company's
microprocessor and radar and antennae technologies.
26
<PAGE> 28
The Company has three U.S. patents issued and has six U.S. patents
pending, most dating back to 1989, on the ShBoom microprocessor technology. The
Company has one ShBoom technology patent pending in five European countries and
Japan and may file additional applications under international treaties
depending on an evaluation of the costs and anticipated benefits that may be
obtained by expanding possible patent coverage.
In addition to such factors as innovation, technological expertise and
experienced personnel, the Company believes that a strong patent position is
becoming increasingly important to compete effectively in the semiconductor
industry. It may become necessary or desirable in the future for the Company to
obtain patent and technology licenses from other companies relating to certain
technology that may be employed in future products or processes. To date, the
Company has not received notices of claimed infringement of patents with any
existing processes or products; but, due to the nature of the industry, the
Company may receive such claims in the future. Likewise, the Company believes
that it may have claims against other semiconductor companies should certain of
its pending patents be favorably granted, but there can be no assurance thereof
nor any assurance that the Company could successfully exploit any potential
patent claims against larger competitors.
The Company believes that it is not obligated to pay royalties with
regard to the ShBoom Technology. The Company acquired the ShBoom Technology from
nanoTronics for common stock but expressly did not assume any royalty
obligations of nanoTronics. However, pursuant to its agreement with nanoTronics,
the Company could become liable for up to $1,250,000 of indemnification costs if
a court of competent jurisdiction determines that nanoTronics is liable for cash
royalties based on sales by the Company of products incorporating the ShBoom
Technology. nanoTronics has claimed that it is also entitled to indemnification
in the event that it is required to transfer any of its shares of Company common
stock as an up-front license fee to the inventor of the technology. royalty
payment. The Company disputes this claim.
Pursuant to the Assets Purchase Agreement and Plan of Reorganization
(Agreement) between the Company, nanoTronics Corporation and Helmut Falk (Falk),
the Company was the recipient of a number of warranties and indemnities. The
Company believes nanoTronics Corporation has been or is in the process of
liquidation and due to Mr. Falk's death in July 1995, the Company may be limited
in its ability to obtain satisfaction should it have any future claims pursuant
to the Agreement.
The Company has one U.S. patent on its gas antenna technology which was
issued in January, 1997. The Company's ability to obtain protection in other
countries may be limited due to the time delay caused by the secrecy order. The
Company also has one U.S. patent on antennae technology directly related to its
GPR technology. No foreign application was made. Although plans in this regard
are not definite, the Company's intention is to apply for patents only as to
selected aspects of the Company's GPR and gas antenna technology in order to
reduce the risk of infringement or duplication by competitors. Considering the
rapid advancements in the field of electronics generally, the Company believes
that its interests will best be served by treating as trade secrets non-patented
components or instrumentation groups used in some of its technologies. There are
a large number of patents owned by others in the radar and antenna fields
generally and in the field of GPR specifically. Accordingly, although the
Company is not aware of any possible infringement and has not received any
notices of claimed infringement, the Company may receive claims in the future.
Certain base-ISDN software technology has been licensed to the Company
by a third party. In addition to the protection afforded the Company through the
ISDN technology licenses, the Company has created its own software and hardware
designs and uses copyright, trade secrets, software security measures and
nondisclosure agreements to protect its proprietary products, technology and
software. The Company has no patent applications pending with respect to its
digital communication technology. Despite the Company's precautions, it may be
possible for unauthorized third parties to copy aspects of, or otherwise obtain
and use, the Company's digital communication technology and software without
authorization. In addition, the Company cannot be certain that others will not
develop substantially equivalent or superseding proprietary technology thereby
substantially reducing the value of the Company's proprietary rights.
Metacomp has licensed a family of chips to Sipex Corporation under a
royalty agreement providing for approximately $100,000 per year. There can be no
assurance that royalties will continue in the future.
27
<PAGE> 29
There can be no assurance that any patents will issue from pending or
future applications or that any patents that are issued will provide meaningful
protection or other commercial advantages to the Company. Although the Company
intends to protect its rights vigorously, there can be no assurance that these
measures will be successful.
The Company generally requires all its employees and consultants,
including its management, to sign a non-disclosure and invention assignment
agreement upon employment with the Company.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
The Company's products are marketed through a combination of a direct
sales force and distributors. Approximate sales by principal geographic area (as
a percentage of sales) were for fiscal years ended:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Domestic sales 77% 91%
Foreign sales
North America 13% 6%
Europe 6% 3%
Other 4% -
--- ----
Total sales 100% 100%
==== ====
</TABLE>
All operating assets are located within the United States. While sales
to certain geographic areas generally vary from year to year, the Company does
not expect that changes in the geographic composition of sales will have a
material adverse effect on operations.
DEPENDENCE UPON SINGLE CUSTOMERS
Ten percent (10%) or more of the Company's consolidated net sales for
the fiscal years indicated were derived from shipments to the following
customers:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
A $473,000 $396,000
B $472,000 $450,000
C $212,000
D $330,000
</TABLE>
While the level of shipments to individual customers generally varies
from year to year, the Company does not expect that changes in customer
composition will have a material adverse effect on operations.
EMPLOYEES
The Company currently has twenty-three full-time and three part-time
personnel. Fourteen full-time personnel were employees of Metacomp prior to the
December 1996 acquisition. Ten full-time persons are employed in research and
development, six full-time persons are engaged in manufacturing and assembly,
two full-time persons, and one part-time person are engaged in marketing and
five full-time and two part-time persons are engaged in general and
administrative activities. These persons include Mr. Norris and Mr. Putnam, who
only devote a part of their available time to the affairs of the Company. This
also includes a full-time chief financial officer who was hired in May, 1997 who
had previously been engaged as a consultant. The Company also engages additional
consultants and part-time persons as needed from time to time.
The Company's future success depends in significant part upon the
continued service of its key technical and senior management personnel. The
competition for highly qualified personnel is intense and there can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to retain its key managerial and
technical employees or that it will be able to attract and retain
28
<PAGE> 30
additional highly qualified technical and managerial personnel in the future.
None of the Company's employees is represented by a labor union and it considers
its relations with its employees to be good.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
To the Company's knowledge, its products are not subject to governmental
regulation by any federal, state or local agencies which would affect the
manufacture, sale or use of its products. The Company cannot, of course, predict
what sort of regulations of this type may be imposed in the future but does not
anticipate any unusual difficulties in complying with governmental regulations
which may be adopted in the future. If any technical or rating standards of
professional bodies (such as UL or SAE) are applicable to any equipment or
components produced by the Company, it is management's intention to comply with
such standards.
The Company's proposed GPR device and antenna technology uses microwave
radio waves. The use of such waves are regulated by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) and, should the Company elect to sell such devices, their
operation would have to meet applicable FCC rules and regulations. Management
does not believe that the operation of the GPR prototype on contract analysis
projects requires FCC approval.
The Company has not incurred costs associated with environmental laws
and does not anticipate such laws will have any significant effect on the future
business of the Company.
PROPERTIES
Effective January, 1997 the Company merged its operations with Metacomp
and moved its principal executive and operating office to space leased by
Metacomp at 10989 Via Frontera, San Diego, California. This space contains
approximately 7,300 square feet of space, including approximately 5,000 square
feet of improved space for office and technical personnel and approximately
2,300 square feet of unimproved warehouse space. Management believes this
facility is adequate for the present needs of the Company and Metacomp for at
least the next twelve months. Three research and development personnel are
located in Los Gatos, California. The Company has executed a one year lease at a
monthly rate of $1,975 commencing August 19, 1996 for 1,795 square feet of
improved office space at 170 Knowles Drive, #200, Los Gatos, California as a
research and development facility.
LITIGATION
The Company is not party to any material legal proceedings.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
The Company's results of operations have and may continue to be subject
to significant variations. The results for a particular period may vary due to a
number of factors, including the overall state of the semiconductor and
communications segments of the economy, the development status of and demand for
the Company's products, economic conditions in the Company's markets, the timing
of orders, the timing of expenditures in anticipation of future sales, the mix
of products sold by the Company, the introduction of new products and product
enhancements by the Company or its competitors and pricing and other competitive
conditions.
As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements of the
Company, effective December 26, 1996, the Company acquired 96.9% of the common
stock of Metacomp. The business combination was accounted for as a
pooling-of-interests and, accordingly, the Company's financial statements have
been presented to include the results of Metacomp as though the business
combination occurred as of June 1, 1995. In addition, Metacomp changed its
fiscal year end from July 31 to May 31 to conform to the Company's fiscal
year-end. Based on the difference in fiscal year-ends, results of operations for
the two months ended July 31, 1996 have been included in both years ended May
31, 1997 and 1996.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net sales. Total net sales for the fiscal year ended May 31, 1997
decreased 17.0% to $1,847,421 from $2,224,708 for the fiscal year ended May 31,
1996. This decrease was due primarily to the completion of a government contract
for
29
<PAGE> 31
VME communications products during fiscal 1996 and the phase out of older
product lines, offset partially by revenues from a new communications product,
the CyberShark.
Cost of sales. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales increased to
54.3% in fiscal 1997 compared to 48.0% in fiscal 1996. This increase in the cost
of sales percentage was a result of a write down in inventory values related to
the obsolescence of components and finished parts of the older product lines
being phased out.
Research and development expenses decreased 10.5% from $1,527,759 in
fiscal 1996 to $1,367,937 for fiscal 1997. This decrease was due primarily to
the completion of software for the communication products discussed above.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 26.9% from
$1,358,673 in fiscal 1996 to $1,723,751 in fiscal 1997. This increase was due
primarily to the costs related to the business combination with Metacomp, the
costs of raising funds, and non-cash compensation arising from the issuance of
employee stock options at an exercise price less than the market price on the
date of grant.
Amortization of purchased technology was constant between the two
periods at $612,333.
Other income (expense) was significantly higher for fiscal year 1997 as
a result of the non-cash interest related to discounted Notes discussed in Note
5 to the consolidated financial statements.
An extraordinary income item of $1,779,457 is included in both periods.
This item is the result of the discharge of debts by Metacomp in July, 1996 as a
result of their successful completion of their Chapter 11 case. The amount is
included in both periods as a result of Metacomp changing its year end to May 31
from July 31 resulting in the months of June and July 1996 being reflected in
both fiscal years. This income was the primary source of income for these two
months.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At May 31, 1997, working capital was $846,741 and cash and cash
equivalents totaled $477,675. In addition, the Company concluded a financing in
early June 1997 for net proceeds of $1,700,000. The Company has funded its
operations primarily through cash flows from operations and the issuance of
securities. The cash and cash equivalents decreased $386,269 during fiscal year
1997. The net cash used in operating activities of $1,733,168, additions to
property and equipment of $238,447, and a payment on Metacomp's line of credit
of $312,306 was offset by a new issuance of convertible debt in the amount of
$1,500,000 and the issuance of common stock and common stock warrants in the
amount of $405,362. The convertible debt was subsequently converted into common
shares of the Company.
The Company's liquidity for the next twelve months is anticipated to be
supplemented by introducing to market and commencing sales and licensing of
ShBoom microprocessors, designing future generations of the ShBoom and
communication product technologies and exploiting the radar and antenna
technology and by expanding the marketing of communication products through its
recent acquisition of Metacomp.
The Company anticipates that it may require additional equipment,
fabrication, components and supplies during the next twelve months to continue
development of the Company's technologies. Product introductions such as those
currently underway for communication products and the ShBoom microprocessor may
require significant inventory and other expenditures not presently estimable by
management. Further, if expanded development is commenced or new generations of
microprocessors or radar are accelerated beyond current plans, additional
expenditures, not currently estimable by management, may be required. It is
possible therefore, that higher levels of expenditures may be required than
currently contemplated by management resulting from changes in development plans
or as required to support new developments or commercialization activities or
otherwise.
Based on the potential rate of cash operating expenditures and current
plans, management anticipates the cash requirements for the next twelve months
have been satisfied with the June 1997 financing. The Company anticipates that
future cash requirements will be satisfied by improved product sales, the sale
of additional Company equity securities, debt financing and/or the sale or
licensing of certain of the Company's technologies. There can be no assurance
that any future funds required will be generated from operations or from the
aforementioned or other potential sources. The lack of additional capital could
force the Company to substantially curtail or cease operations and would
therefore have a material adverse effect on the Company's business. Further
there can be no assurance that any such required funds, if available, will be
available on attractive terms or that they will not have a significantly
dilutive effect on existing shareholders of the Company.
30
<PAGE> 32
TAX LOSS CARRYFORWARDS
As of May 31, 1997, the Company has approximately $5,997,000 of tax loss
carryforwards. A valuation allowance has been recorded for the net deferred tax
asset of $3,111,000 arising primarily from tax loss carryforwards because
management can not determine that it is more likely than not that the deferred
tax asset will not be realized.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
On March 3, 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 128, "Earnings Per Share."
This pronouncement provides a different method of calculating earnings per share
than is currently used in accordance with Accounting Board Opinion ("APB") No.
15, "Earnings Per Share". SFAS 128 provides for the calculation of "Basic" and
"Dilutive" earnings per share. Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and
is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per
share reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in the
earnings of an entity, similar to fully diluted earnings per share. The Company
will adopt SFAS No. 128 in 1998 and its implementation is not expected to have a
material effect on the consolidated statements.
MANAGEMENT
IDENTIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The current directors and executive officers of the Registrant, their
ages, positions held in the Company and duration as such, are as follows:
<TABLE>
NAME AGE POSITION AND OFFICES DIRECTOR SINCE
---- --- -------------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Elwood G. Norris 58 Chairman and Director August 1989
Michael A. Carenzo 56 President, CEO and Director June 1996
Robert Putnam 39 Secretary, Treasurer, Director August 1989
Norman J. Dawson 56 Vice President, General Manager
and Director January 1997
Jayanta K. Maitra 47 Vice President Engineering n/a
Lowell W. Giffhorn 50 Chief Financial Officer n/a
Donald R. Bernier 55 Director January 1995
Richard D. McDaniel 72 Director December 1995
Peter vR. Cooper 41 Director January 1996
</TABLE>
The terms of all directors will expire at the next annual meeting of the
Company's shareholders, or when their successors are elected and have qualified.
Directors are elected each year, and all directors serve one-year terms.
Officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. No family relationship
exists among the Company's management members.
BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
ELWOOD G. NORRIS. Mr. Norris has been a director of Patriot since 1989
and served as Chairman and CEO until June 1994. In June 1995 he was again
appointed President and CEO until June 1996 when he was appointed Chairman.
Since March 1988 he has been a director of Norris Communications Inc. ("NCI"), a
public company engaged in electronic product development, distribution and
sales. Until October 1995, when he became Chief Technology Officer, he was also
President of NCI, and in January 1997 he was appointed interim CEO. Since August
1980 he has also been a director of American Technology Corporation ("ATC"), a
publicly held consumer electronics products company, and served as its President
and CEO until February 1994. Mr. Norris is an inventor with over twenty U.S.
patents primarily in the fields of electrical and acoustical engineering. He
invented the base GPR technology and the gas antenna technology owned by the
Company. Mr. Norris devotes only part-time services to the Company.
31
<PAGE> 33
MICHAEL A. CARENZO. Mr. Carenzo has been the President, CEO and a
Director of the Company since June 1996. He was a Senior Partner of CADWA
Associates, a management consulting group specializing in extended executive
consulting assignments, from July 1994 to December 1996. Prior to joining the
Company in June 1996, he devoted a majority of his consulting efforts to
developing strategic alliances and international markets at the senior executive
level with the Coors Ceramics division of NYSE listed ACX Technologies Inc. From
February 1992 to June 1994, he served as President and Director of Datakey Inc.,
a public company engaged in semiconductor-based manufacturing of portable memory
devices. Prior to February 1992, Mr. Carenzo served 22 years with the DuPont
Co., where he held a number of key executive positions with the DuPont
Electronics Group. Mr. Carenzo is a 1966 graduate of American International
College where he received a B.S. degree in Business.
ROBERT PUTNAM. Mr. Putnam has been the Secretary and Treasurer of the
Company since 1989. Since 1988 he has served as Secretary of NCI. Since 1984 he
has been a director of ATC, where he served as Secretary/Treasurer from 1984
until February 1994 when he was appointed President and CEO. He received a B.A.
degree in Mass Communication/Advertising from Brigham Young University in 1983.
Mr. Putnam devotes only part-time services to the Company.
NORMAN J. DAWSON. Mr. Dawson has been the President & CEO of Metacomp
since July, 1995 and was appointed a Director and Vice President and General
Manager of the Company in January 1997. From June, 1990 to July 1995 he was Vice
President-Operations of Metacomp. From 1962 to 1990 he held various executive
positions with several computer companies including NCR and Control Data. In
1962 Mr. Dawson obtained a B.S. in Engineering from Montreal Institute of
Technology.
JAYANTA K. MAITRA. Mr. Maitra has been Vice President of Engineering of
Metacomp since 1990 and was appointed Vice President of Engineering of the
Company in January 1997. From 1985 to 1987 he was Manager of Hardware
Engineering for Systech Corporation, a San Diego based hardware and software
communications company. From 1974 to 1985 he held various engineering positions
with several computer related technology companies. He obtained a B.S. in
Electrical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in 1972 and an
M.S. in Electrical Sciences at State University of New York in 1973.
LOWELL W. GIFFHORN. Mr. Giffhorn was the principal in his own financial
management consulting firm from August 1996 until joining the Company as Chief
Financial Officer in May 1997. Since November 1996, Mr. Giffhorn, in addition to
other consulting engagements, performed the duties of Acting Chief Financial
Officer for the Company. From June 1992 to August 1996 and from September 1987
to June 1990 he was the Chief Financial Officer of Sym-Tek Systems, Inc. and
Vice President of Finance for its successor, Sym-Tek Inc. Sym-Tek Systems, Inc.
was a major supplier of capital equipment to the semiconductor industry which
filed under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in May 1994 while Mr.
Giffhorn was the Chief Financial Officer. He was instrumental in selling the
assets of Sym-Tek Systems, Inc. to Sym-Tek Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of
Aetrium Inc. He continued with Sym-Tek Inc. as Vice President Finance during the
transition and concluded the liquidation of Sym-Tek Systems, Inc. He has over
twenty-five years of experience in a variety of financial positions, including
eleven years as Controller for Langley Corporation, a publicly traded, San
Diego, defense contractor. In 1975 Mr. Giffhorn obtained an M.B.A. degree from
National University, and in 1969 he obtained a B.S. in Accountancy from the
University of Illinois.
DONALD R. BERNIER. Since 1971, Mr. Bernier has been the owner and
President of Compunetics Incorporated, a Troy, Michigan-based electronics firm
of which he the founder. Compunetics engages in contract research and
development, specializing in microelectronics primarily for the automotive
industry.
RICHARD D. MCDANIEL. Mr. McDaniel retired as Chairman and CEO of The
First National Bank of North East, Maryland in 1987. He is presently engaged in
private investment banking and personal investments. Since 1960 he has been the
Chairman of McDaniel Enterprises, Inc., a Wilmington, Delaware based family
holding company. In July 1995 he became Chairman of Smart Business Systems, a
copier and facsimile equipment distributor located in Wilmington. He graduated
with a degree in Business from the University of Delaware in 1950.
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<PAGE> 34
PETER VR. COOPER. Mr. Cooper has been an officer, Director and owner of
Virtual Research Corporation, a Westlake Village, California-based software firm
since its founding in 1986. He is currently its President. Virtual Research
Corporation provides hardware, software and consulting services to the insurance
industry. Mr. Cooper previously held senior management systems positions at
Delphi Systems Inc. and Promethean Systems Inc., both which supplied hardware,
software and services to vertical market industries. Mr. Cooper received his
B.A. Degree in Economics from the University of California at Los Angeles in
1979.
GENERAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Conflicts of interest now exist and will continue to exist between the
Company and certain of its officers and directors due to the fact that certain
officers and directors have other employment or business interests to which they
devote attention. The Company has not established policies or procedures for the
resolution of current or potential conflicts of interest between the Company and
its management or management-affiliated entities. There can be no assurance that
members of management will resolve all conflicts of interest in the Company's
favor.
It is conceivable that the respective areas of interest of the Company,
ATC and NCI could overlap or conflict. The Company believes that, although each
of the three corporations is involved in the electronics industry, their
respective areas of focus, products and technology are sufficiently distinct
that no conflict in business lines or executive loyalties will result.
Therefore, no steps have been taken to resolve possible conflicts among the
Company, ATC, and NCI; and any such conflicts, should they arise, will be
addressed at the appropriate time.
SPECIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Officer and director Robert Putnam also acts as Secretary of NCI and
President and Chief Executive Officer of ATC, and both companies are effectively
controlled by Elwood Norris. The possibility exists that these other
relationships could affect Mr. Putnam's independence as a Director of the
Company.
The Company has not provided a method of resolving these conflicts (such
as refusal from voting as directors and obtaining an independent third-party
evaluation of proposed actions) and probably will not do so, partly due to
inevitable extra expense and delay any such measures would occasion and partly
because Mr. Norris and Mr. Putnam do not represent a majority of the Board of
Directors and do not control the outside directors. Mr. Norris and Mr. Putnam
are obligated to perform their duties in good faith and to act in the best
interest of the Company and its shareholders, and any failure on their part to
do so may constitute a breach of their fiduciary duties and expose them to
damages and other liability under applicable law.
INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND OTHERS
As permitted by Delaware law, the Company's Certificate of Incorporation
provides that the Company will indemnify its officers, directors, employees and
agents against attorneys' fees and other expenses and liabilities they incur to
defend, settle or satisfy any civil or criminal action brought against them
arising out of their association with or activities on behalf of the Company
unless, in any such action, they are adjudged to have acted with gross
negligence or to have engaged in willful misconduct. The Company may also bear
the expenses of such litigation for any such persons upon their promise to repay
such sums if it is ultimately determined that they are not entitled to
indemnification. Such expenditures could be substantial and may not be recouped,
even if the Company is so entitled. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities
arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers
or persons controlling the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the
Company has been informed that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in that
Act and may, therefore, unenforceable.
EXCLUSION OF DIRECTOR LIABILITY
Pursuant to the General Corporation Law of Delaware, the Company's
Certificate of Incorporation excludes personal liability on the part of its
directors to the Company for monetary damages based upon any violation of their
fiduciary duties as directors, except as to liability for any breach of the duty
of loyalty, acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law, acts in violation of Section 174 of
the General Corporation Law of Delaware, or any transaction from which a
director receives an improper personal benefit. This
33
<PAGE> 35
exclusion of liability does not limit any right which a director may have to be
indemnified and does not affect any director's liability under federal or
applicable state securities laws.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
There is shown below information concerning the compensation of the
Company's chief executive officers (each a "Named Officer") for the fiscal years
ended May 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997. Compensation for the other four most highly
compensated executive officers is neither required nor presented as no such
other executive officer's salary and bonus exceeded $100,000. Information is
also set forth below for two officers (each also a "Named Officer") of Metacomp
for the fiscal year ended May 31, 1997, the year in which Metacomp was acquired
by the Company. No other officer of Metacomp received a salary and bonus
exceeding $100,000 in fiscal 1997.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Annual Cash Compensation Long-Term Compensation
----------------------------- ---------------------------------
Name and Fiscal Options All Other
Principal Position Year Salary Bonus (# of Shares) Compensation (6)
- ------------------ ------ -------- ----- -------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Michael A. Carenzo 1997 $138,000 Nil 900,000 shares None
President and CEO (1)
Elwood G. Norris 1996 $ 60,693 Nil 50,000 shares None
President and CEO (2) 1995 $ 43,599 Nil None None
Helmut Falk 1996 $ 9,231 Nil None None
Chairman, President and 1995 $104,069 Nil None None
CEO (3)
Norman J. Dawson 1997 $128,483 Nil 533,953 $4,241
Vice President and
General Manager (4)
Jayanta K. Maitra 1997 $118,700 Nil 535,753 $2,874
Vice President
Engineering (5)
</TABLE>
(1) Mr. Carenzo has served as President and CEO since June 1, 1996.
(2) Mr. Norris served as CEO from 1989 to June 1994, upon the
appointment of Mr. Falk as Chairman, President and CEO. He was
reappointed President and CEO on June 5, 1995 due to Mr. Falk's illness
and served in such capacity until June 1, 1996 when Mr. Michael A
Carenzo was appointed President and CEO.
(3) Mr. Falk served as Chairman from June 1994 until his death on July
6, 1995. He also served as President and CEO from June 1994 to June 5,
1995.
(4) Mr. Dawson was appointed Vice President and General Manager on
December 26, 1996 as a result of the business combination with Metacomp.
The amounts disclosed reflect his compensation before and after the
acquisition.
(5) Mr. Maitra was appointed Vice President Engineering on December 26,
1996 as a result of the business combination with Metacomp. The amounts
disclosed reflect his compensation before and after the acquisition.
34
<PAGE> 36
(6) Represents long-term disability insurance payments made by the
Company on behalf of Mr. Dawson and Mr. Maitra during the fiscal year
ended May 31, 1997.
The Company maintains employee benefits that are generally available to
all Company employees, including medical, dental and life insurance benefits and
a 401(k) retirement savings plan. There were no Company matching contributions
under the 401(k) plan to the Named Officers during the fiscal year ended May 31,
1997.
OPTION GRANTS
Shown below is information on grants of stock options pursuant to the
Company's 1996 Stock Option Plan to the Named Officers reflected in the Summary
Compensation Table shown above.
OPTION GRANTS TABLE FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 1997
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Percent of Total
Number of Options Granted Exercise Expiration
Name Options Granted to Employees in Fiscal Year Price Date
- ---- --------------- --------------------------- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Norman J. Dawson 72,000 3.5% $1.37 12/26/01
428,000 20.8% $1.17 12/26/01
33,953 1.7% $0.18 12/26/01
Jayanta K. Maitra 72,000 3.5% $1.37 12/26/01
428,000 20.8% $1.17 12/26/01
35,753 1.7% $0.18 12/26/01
</TABLE>
Of the above options granted during the fiscal year ended May 31, 1997,
500,000 each of Mr. Dawson's and Mr. Maitra's are subject to shareholders
approval of an increase in the number of shares authorized under the 1996 Stock
Option Plan.
AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES AND FISCAL YEAR-END VALUES
There were no options exercised by Named Officers during the fiscal year
ended May 31, 1997. The following table provides information on unexercised
options at May 31, 1997:
FISCAL YEAR-END OPTION VALUES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Unexercised Value of Unexercised
Options Held At In-The-Money Options At
May 31, 1997 May 31, 1997
------------ ------------
Name Exercisable Unexercisable Exercisable Unexercisable
- ---- ----------- ------------- ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Elwood G. Norris 50,000 - $ - $ -
Michael A. Carenzo 337,500 562,500 $ 213,355 $ 365,625
Norman J. Dawson 83,953 450,000 $ 47,120 $ 121,600
Jayanta K. Maitra 85,753 450,000 $ 49,406 $ 121,600
</TABLE>
(1) Based on the last sale price at the close of business on the last trading
day of the fiscal year of $1.45.
The Company has not awarded stock appreciation rights to any employee of
the Company and has no long-term incentive plans, as that term is defined in
Securities and Exchange Commission regulations (other than a $50,000
demonstration bonus payable to Mr. Norris upon successful demonstration of a
prototype GPR device meeting specified performance criteria, see "Certain
Transactions").
35
<PAGE> 37
During the fiscal year ended May 31, 1997, pursuant to Mr. Carenzo's
Employment Contract, the Company amended the exercise price of stock options
awarded to Mr. Carenzo on April 23, 1996 from $2.30 for 900,000 shares to $0.94
for 43,000 shares and $0.80 for 857,000 shares. The Company has no defined
benefit or actuarial plans covering any person.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
No direct or indirect remuneration has been paid or is payable by the
Company to the directors in their capacity as directors other than the granting
of stock options. It is anticipated that during the next twelve months the
Company will not pay any direct or indirect remuneration to any directors of the
Company in their capacity as directors other than in the form stock option
grants or the reimbursement of expenses of attending directors' or committee
meetings.
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
Mr. Norris may be entitled to future compensation pursuant to agreements
described in "Certain Transactions". The Company has an employment agreement
dated November 20, 1995 with Mr. Norris, the Company's Chairman, for a three
year term providing for a base salary of $60,000 with annual increases of 5% on
each June 1. The Company may terminate Mr. Norris' employment with or without
cause, but termination without cause (other than disability or death) would
result in a lump sum severance payment of 24 months salary. Likewise upon a
change in control, as defined in the agreement, Mr. Norris may elect to
terminate employment and obtain a lump sum severance payment of 24 months
salary.
The Company entered into an employment agreement dated as of May 8,
1996, approved by the Company's directors and executed on May 17, 1996, and
amended by the Board of Directors on September 23, 1996, with Mr. Carenzo
providing for his employment as President and CEO effective June 1, 1996. The
agreement, as amended, is for a three year term providing for a base salary of
$168,000 per year (for the period November 1, 1996 to May 31, 1997) with an
increase in the second and third years to at least $186,000 as determined by the
Board of Directors. The agreement provides for incentive bonuses in certain
instances of at least 50% of the total yearly base compensation. The Company may
terminate Mr. Carenzo's employment with or without cause, but termination
without cause (other than disability or death) would result in a lump sum
severance payment ranging, depending on length of service, from six to twelve
months salary plus any prorated earned bonuses. Likewise upon a change of
control, as defined in the agreement, Mr. Carenzo may elect to terminate
employment and obtain a lump sum severance payment ranging, depending on length
of service, from six to twelve months salary plus any prorated earned bonuses.
The Company has granted Mr. Carenzo options to purchase 900,000 common shares,
90,000 vesting on June 1, 1996 and the balance vesting monthly in equal amounts
over three years subject to earlier vesting based on certain events.
The Company entered into an employment agreement dated January 1, 1997
with Mr. Dawson providing for his employment as Vice President and General
Manager. The agreement is for a three year term providing for a base salary of
$120,000 per year with an increase in the second and third years as recommended
by the President and Chief Executive Officer and approved by the Board of
Directors. The agreement provides for incentive bonuses in certain instances of
up to 50% of the total yearly base compensation. The Company may terminate Mr.
Dawson's employment with or without cause, but termination without cause (other
than disability or death) during either of the first two years of the agreement
would result in a lump sum severance payment equal to twelve months salary. The
Company has granted Mr. Dawson options to purchase 533,953 common shares, 83,953
vesting on December 26, 1996 and the balance vesting one-third per year starting
December 31, 1997 subject to certain performance standards. Options may vest
earlier subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors.
The Company entered into an employment agreement dated January 1, 1997
with Mr. Maitra providing for his employment as Vice President of Engineering.
The agreement is for a three year term providing for a base salary of $104,400
per year with an increase in the second and third years as recommended by the
President and Chief Executive Officer and approved by the Board of Directors.
The agreement provides for incentive bonuses in certain instances of up to 50%
of the total yearly base compensation. The Company may terminate Mr. Maitra's
employment with or without cause, but termination without cause (other than
disability or death) during the first year of the agreement would result in a
lump sum severance payment equal to twelve months salary. The Company has
granted Mr. Maitra options to purchase 535,753 common shares, 85,753 vesting on
December 26, 1996 and the balance vesting one-third per year starting December
31, 1997 subject to certain performance standards. Options may vest earlier
subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors.
36
<PAGE> 38
CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
There were no transactions, or series of transactions, during fiscal 1996 or
1997, nor are there any currently proposed transactions, or series of
transactions, to which the Company is a party, in which the amount exceeds
$60,000, and in which to the knowledge of the Company any director, executive
officer, nominee, five percent or greater shareholder, or any member of the
immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, have or will have any direct
or indirect material interest other than described below.
Pursuant to an Assets Purchase Agreement and Plan of Reorganization
("Purchase Agreement") dated June 22, 1994 between the Company, nanoTronics
Corporation ("nanoTronics") and Helmut Falk ("Falk"), the Company issued a total
of 10,000,000 restricted common shares to nanoTronics, 5,000,000 of which are a
contingent payment subject to the terms of an earnout escrow. These shares were
issued in consideration of technology acquired.
NanoTronics was formed in 1991 and acquired certain base technology for
a RISC-based (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) 32-bit microprocessor
integrated on a single chip with merged stack/register architecture. NanoTronics
expended in excess of $1.9 million (unaudited) while engaged in further
development of that technology and produced from the basic architecture an
enhanced chip (ShBoom-architecture microprocessor). In connection with the
acquisition, the Company also acquired certain fixed assets including a Sun
Sparc 2 Work Station and various terminals, peripheral devices and software. A
majority of the expenditures by nanoTronics consisted of chip and related
software development costs. The result of these efforts was a successful initial
fabrication of the chip in early 1994 demonstrating technical feasibility of the
ShBoom architecture. nanoTronics also expended funds on the preparation and
prosecution of patent applications.
The shares were issued to nanoTronics of which Falk was the sole
shareholder. Although 5,000,000 of the shares issued are subject to the terms of
an earnout escrow, as more fully described below, the shares are issued for the
purpose of dividends and voting. Prior to the transaction, Mr. Falk was an
unaffiliated person with respect to the Company. At the time of issuance the
10,000,000 common shares represented approximately 36% of the total issued and
outstanding shares of the Company.
Although the transaction did not result in a majority change in the
board of directors of the Company, or a majority change in stock ownership of
Company, the issuance of new stock resulted in a large percentage ownership
controlled by one entity with the ability to have significant influence over the
Company's future affairs.
Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, 5,000,000 of the common
shares were issued to nanoTronics pursuant to an earnout escrow arrangement as a
contingent purchase price. The terms of the escrow arrangement, as defined in
the Purchase Agreement, provides for the release from escrow of 500,000 common
shares for each $500,000 of Patriot revenues commencing June 1, 1994 and ending
May 31, 1999. The Purchase Agreement also provides for release on other major
corporate events including a sale of substantially all the assets of the
Company, certain mergers, combinations or consolidations, certain tender offers
and upon a liquidation or dissolution. Any shares not earned by May 31, 1999
would be canceled. The shares may be sold, assigned or transferred within the
escrow arrangement but would still be subject to the escrow terms.
The Company has granted certain registration and information rights with
respect to the shares issued to nanoTronics, such rights being assignable to
Falk and the Fish Family Trust (such trust having certain rights to become a
shareholder in nanoTronics). The Company has been advised that nanoTronics has
been liquidated with the 10,000,000 shares in the process of being transferred
to the Helmut Falk Family Trust which is entitled to the same registration
rights. The Company is obligated to use its best efforts to effect a
registration upon written request up to two times subject to certain
limitations. The Company is also obligated to include the shares, subject to
certain limitations, in any underwriting and in any other registration filed by
the Company.
Under the terms of an Agreement to Exchange Technology for Stock dated
August 8, 1989 between Mr. Norris and the Company, Mr. Norris is entitled to a
royalty equal to two and one-half percent (2.5%) of the gross revenues received
by the Company directly or indirectly from exploitation of its GPR technology
(up to a maximum royalty of $400,000), against which royalty an advance payment
of $17,000 already has been made. Mr. Norris also is entitled to a cash bonus of
$50,000
37
<PAGE> 39
within 45 days after the Company successfully demonstrates a working prototype
of a GPR unit meeting specified performance criteria and a request for such
bonus is made to the Board of Directors and approved.
Mr. Norris provided the Company with an independent valuation report to
satisfy the valuation provisions of the Share Escrow Agreement dated August 10,
1989 for the release of all of the 5,000,000 common shares of the Company
therein. However, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement to Exchange Technology
for Stock dated August 8, 1989, the acquisition of the technology from
nanoTronics as described above resulted in a termination of the Share Escrow
Agreement and pursuant to the terms thereof the shares were released to Mr.
Norris on July 8, 1994.
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth, as of July 11, 1997, the stock ownership
of each officer and director of the Company, of all officers and directors of
the Company as a group, and of each person known by the Company to be a
beneficial owner of 5% or more of its Common Stock. Except as otherwise noted,
each person listed below is the sole beneficial owner of the shares and has sole
investment and voting power over such shares. No person listed below has any
option, warrant or other right to acquire additional securities of the Company,
except as otherwise noted.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name and Address Amount & Nature
Title of Beneficial of Beneficial Percent
of Class Owner Ownership of Class
- -------------- ------------------------------- --------------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Common stock Gloria Felcyn, CPA 9,825,000 (1) 28.8%
par value 14395 Saratoga Ave., Suite 110
$.00001 Saratoga, California 95070
SAME nanoTronics Corporation 5,000,000 (2) 14.7%
attn: Gloria Felcyn, CPA
14395 Saratoga Ave., Suite 110
Saratoga, California 95070
SAME Helmut Falk Family Trust 4,825,000 (3) 14.2%
Gloria Felcyn, Trustee
14395 Saratoga Ave., Suite 110
Saratoga, California 95070
SAME Elwood G. Norris 4,645,000 (4) 13.6%
10989 Via Frontera
San Diego, California 92127
SAME Richard D. McDaniel 1,050,000 (4)(5)(6) 3.1%
10989 Via Frontera
San Diego, California 92127
SAME Michael A. Carenzo 427,500 (7) 1.3%
10989 Via Frontera
San Diego, California 92127
SAME Jayanta K. Maitra 273,095 (10) *
10989 Via Frontera
San Diego, California 92127
</TABLE>
38
<PAGE> 40
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
SAME Norman J. Dawson 201,270 (8) *
10989 Via Frontera
San Diego, California 92127
SAME Lowell W. Giffhorn 30,000 (9) *
10989 Via Frontera
San Diego, California 92127
SAME Robert Putnam 100,000 (11) *
10989 Via Frontera
San Diego, California 92127
SAME Donald R. Bernier 75,000 (4) *
10989 Via Frontera
San Diego, California 92127
SAME Peter vR. Cooper 50,000 (4) *
10989 Via Frontera
San Diego, California 92127
All directors & officers 6,851,865 (12) 20.1%
as a group (9 persons)
</TABLE>
* Less than 1%.
(1) As trustee of the Helmut Falk Family Trust and executor of the
Helmut Falk estate, Ms. Felcyn effectively controls the shares
described in Notes 2 and 3 below.
(2) These shares have been issued but are subject to an escrow
arrangement as described in "Certain Transactions" below. The shares
were originally issued to nanoTronics in connection with the ShBoom
technology acquisition.
(3) These shares remain from 5,000,000 non-escrowed shares that were
originally issued to nanoTronics in connection with the ShBoom
technology acquisition and were subsequently transferred to the Helmut
Falk Family Trust.
(4) For each of Messrs. Norris, McDaniel, Bernier and Cooper, the amount
includes 50,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of immediately
exercisable outstanding stock options granted pursuant to the 1996 Stock
Option Plan.
(5) Includes 1,000,000 common shares held by Sea Ltd., a corporation
through which Mr. McDaniel may direct certain investment powers.
(6) Mr. McDaniel is pursuing a claim against the Falk estate pursuant to
a written agreement with Mr. Falk pursuant to which he believes he is
entitled to 5% of Patriot common shares (representing 250,000 shares
held outside of escrow and 250,000 shares held in escrow for a total of
500,000 common shares) held by nanoTronics (see Notes 2 and 3).
Representatives of nanoTronics have advised the Company that they
believe Mr. McDaniel's claim relates only to an interest in nanoTronics
and that he therefore has no direct interest in nanoTronics' Patriot
common shares until and if the claim is resolved. The additional 500,000
shares claimed by Mr. McDaniel are not included in Mr. McDaniel's
holdings described herein since he cannot presently exert investment or
voting control over the shares and there can be no assurance he will
prevail in his claim.
(7) Consists entirely of shares issuable upon the exercise of
outstanding stock options. A total of 90,000 options vested on June 1,
1996 and the balance at the rate of 22,500 monthly for 36 months,
however any unvested options may vest earlier in certain circumstances.
39
<PAGE> 41
(8) Includes 83,953 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding
stock options.
(9) Includes 30,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding
stock options.
(10) Includes 85,753 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding
stock options.
(11) Includes 100,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding
stock options.
(12) Includes 5,955,525 shares issued and outstanding and 896,340 shares
issuable upon exercise of stock options.
TRADING MARKET AND RELATED MATTERS
The Company's Common Stock is traded in the over-the-counter market and
is quoted on the NASD OTC Bulletin Board system maintained by the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Prices reported represent prices between
dealers, do not include markups, markdowns or commissions and do not necessarily
represent actual transactions. The market for the Company's Shares has been
sporadic and at times very limited.
The following table sets forth the high and low bid quotations for the
Common Stock for the fiscal years ended May 31, 1997 and 1996.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HIGH LOW
---- ---
<S> <C> <C>
Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 1997
First Quarter $3.50 $1.75
Second Quarter $2.44 $1.12
Third Quarter $1.83 $0.94
Fourth Quarter $1.62 $0.97
Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 1996
First Quarter $0.35 $0.12
Second Quarter $0.76 $0.22
Third Quarter $3.53 $0.47
Fourth Quarter $3.97 $2.00
</TABLE>
The Company had approximately 200 shareholders of record as of May 8,
1997. At July 11, 1997 there were 33,189,195 shares of Common Stock issued and
outstanding. The Company has never paid a cash dividend on its Common Stock and
does not expect to pay one in the foreseeable future.
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 60,000,000
shares of Common Stock, $.00001 par value per share. At July 11, 1997, a total
of 33,189,195 Common Shares were issued and outstanding. The holders of Common
Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held. The affirmative vote of a
majority of votes cast at a meeting which commences with a lawful quorum is
sufficient for approval of most matters upon which shareholders may or must
vote, including the questions presented for approval or ratification at the
Annual Meeting. However, removal of a director from office or repeal of the
certificate of incorporation in its entirety require the affirmative vote of a
majority of the total voting power for approval, and certain other matters (such
as shareholder amendment of the bylaws, and amendment, repeal or adoption of any
provision inconsistent with provisions in the certificate of incorporation
regarding indemnification of directors, officers and others, exclusion of
director liability, and the Company's election not to be governed by statutory
40
<PAGE> 42
provisions concerning business combinations with interested shareholders)
require the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total voting power for
approval. Common Shares do not carry cumulative voting rights, and holders of
more than 50% of the Common Stock have the power to elect all directors and, as
a practical matter, to control the Company. Holders of Common Stock are not
entitled to preemptive rights, and the Common Stock may only be redeemed at the
election of the Company.
A special meeting of shareholders may be called by or at the request of
the Chairman of the Board, the President or any two directors, and at the
request of persons owning in the aggregate not less than 20% of the issued and
outstanding Common Shares entitled to vote in elections for directors. After the
satisfaction of requirements with respect to preferential dividends, if any,
holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive, pro rata, dividends when and as
declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. Upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, after distribution in
full of the preferential amount, if any, to be distributed to holders of the
preferred stock, holders of Common Stock are entitled to share ratably in the
Company's assets legally available for distribution to its shareholders.
The Company's board of directors is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares
of undesignated preferred stock, $.00001 par value, without any further action
by the stockholders. The board of directors may also divide any and all shares
of preferred stock into series and fix and determine the relative rights and
preferences of the preferred stock, such as the designation of series and the
number of shares constituting such series, dividend rights, redemption and
sinking fund provisions, liquidation and dissolution preferences, conversion or
exchange rights and voting rights, if any. Issuance of preferred stock by the
board of directors will result in such shares having dividend and/or liquidation
preferences senior to the rights of the holders of Common Stock and could dilute
the voting rights of the holders of Common Stock. There are currently no shares
of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
The Company has not paid any cash dividends to date, and no cash
dividends will be declared or paid on the Common Shares in the foreseeable
future. Payment of dividends is solely at the discretion of the Company's board
of directors.
Interwest Transfer Company, Inc., 1981 East 4800 South, Suite 100, Salt
Lake City, Utah 84117, acts as transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock
of the Company. Their telephone number is (801) 272-9294.
LEGAL OPINION
The validity of the Common Stock offered hereby will be passed on for
the Company by Luce, Forward, Hamilton & Scripps LLP, 600 West Broadway Street,
Suite 2600, San Diego, California 92101.
EXPERTS
The financial statements of the Company included in the Prospectus and
Registration Statement for the fiscal years ended May 31, 1997 and 1996,
respectively, have been audited by BDO Seidman, LLP, independent certified
public accountants, as set forth in their report appearing elsewhere herein and
in the Registration Statement, and are included in reliance upon such report
given upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The financial statements of Metacomp, Inc. for the fiscal year ended
July 31, 1996 have been audited by Harlan & Boettger, LLP, independent certified
public accountants, as set forth in their report appearing elsewhere herein and
in the Registration Statement, and are included in reliance upon such report
given upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
41
<PAGE> 43
Patriot Scientific Corporation
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants .......... F-2-
F-3
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of May 31, 1997 ............... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended
May 31, 1997 and 1996 ................................ F-5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years
Ended May 31, 1997 and 1996 ......................... F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years ended
May 31, 1997 and 1996 ................................ F-7
Summary of Accounting Policies .............................. F-8-
F-11
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements .................. F-12-
F-22
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE> 44
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Patriot Scientific Corporation
San Diego, California
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Patriot
Scientific Corporation as of May 31, 1997 and the related statements of
operations, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the years in the two
year period ended May 31, 1997. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. The consolidated
financial statements give retroactive effect to the merger of Patriot Scientific
Corporation and Metacomp, Inc., which has been accounted for as a pooling of
interests as described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. We
did not audit the financial statements of Metacomp Inc., the Company's majority
owned subsidiary for 1996, which statements reflect total assets of $838,193 as
of July 31, 1996 and total revenues of $2,224,708 for the year then ended.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits and the report of other auditors for 1996 provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, based on our audits and the report of other auditors for 1996,
the consolidated financial statements referred to above, present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Patriot Scientific Corporation as
of May 31, 1997, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for
each of the years in the two year period ended May 31, 1997 in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ BDO Seidman, LLP
Denver, Colorado
July 3, 1997
F-2
<PAGE> 45
(Harlan & Boettger, LLP, Certified Public Accountants Letterhead)
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of METACOMP, INC.:
We have audited the balance sheet of METACOMP, Inc. a California Corporation, as
of July 31, 1996, and the related statements of operations, changes in
shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of July 31,
1996, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then
ended in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Harlan & Boettger, LLP
San Diego, California
December 17, 1996
F-3
<PAGE> 46
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
May 31, 1997
- ------- ------------
<S> <C>
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 477,675
Accounts receivable, net of allowance
of $5,000 for uncollectible accounts 260,120
Inventories (Note 2) 529,533
Prepaid expenses 88,353
------------
Total current assets 1,355,681
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net (Note 3) 380,312
OTHER ASSETS:
Patents and trademarks, net 193,688
Other 6,773
------------
Total other assets 200,461
------------
$ 1,936,454
============
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable $ 340,983
Accrued liabilities 165,236
Current portion-capital lease obligations (Note 8) 2,721
------------
Total current liabilities 508,940
------------
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS (Note 8) 3,534
------------
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 8)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Notes 5, 7 and 10) Common Stock, $.00001 par value;
40,000,000 shares
authorized: issued and outstanding 33,068,329 331
Additional paid-in capital 12,768,487
Accumulated deficit (11,344,838)
------------
Total stockholders' equity 1,423,980
------------
$ 1,936,454
============
</TABLE>
See accompanying summary of accounting policies and notes to consolidated
financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 47
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(SEE NOTE 1)
Years Ended May 31, 1997 1996
- ------------------- ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Net sales $ 1,847,421 $ 2,224,708
Cost of sales 1,003,445 1,067,190
------------ ------------
Gross profit 843,976 1,157,518
Operating expenses:
Research and development 1,367,937 1,527,759
Selling, general and
administrative 1,723,751 1,358,673
Amortization 612,333 612,333
------------ ------------
3,704,021 3,498,765
------------ ------------
Other income (expenses):
Interest income 39,302 54,013
Interest expense (47,506) (49,943)
Non-cash interest expense
related to convertible
notes (Note 5) (375,000) -
------------ ------------
(383,204) 4,070
------------ ------------
Net loss before taxes on income
and extraordinary item (3,243,249) (2,337,177)
Taxes on income (Note 6) - -
------------ ------------
Net loss before extraordinary
item (3,243,249) (2,337,177)
Extraordinary income (Note 9) 1,779,457 1,779,457
------------ ------------
Net loss $ (1,463,792) $ (557,720)
============ ============
Net loss per share before
extraordinary item $ (0.12) $ (0.09)
Extraordinary income 0.07 0.07
------------ ------------
Net loss per share $ (0.05) $ (0.02)
============ ============
Weighted average number of
common shares outstanding
during the period (Note 5) 27,188,255 24,601,501
============ ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying summary of accounting policies and notes to consolidated
financial statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 48
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (See Note 1)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended May 31, 1997 and 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Common Stock Additional Total
--------------------------- Paid-in Accumulated Stockholders'
Shares Amount Capital Deficit Equity
---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE, June 1, 1995 28,330,569 $ 283 $ 8,311,818 $ (7,581,626) $ 730,475
Common stock issued for services
at $.30 to $2.00 per share 270,000 3 264,747 - 264,750
Issuance of common stock in
private offering for cash at
$.50, net of offering costs 700,000 7 349,993 - 350,000
Issuance of common stock in
private offering for cash at
$1.28, net of offering costs 140,281 2 179,998 - 180,000
Issuance of common stock in
private offering for cash at
$1.58, net of offering costs 253,166 3 399,997 - 400,000
Value assigned to warrants issued - - 8,400 - 8,400
Exercise of warrants at $.50
and $1.58 per share 826,583 8 549,992 - 550,000
Exercise of options at $.20
per share 464,658 4 86,079 - 86,083
Net loss - - - (557,720) (557,720)
---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
BALANCE, May 31, 1996 30,985,257 310 10,151,024 (8,139,346) 2,011,988
Exercise of warrants at $1.58
per share 154,883 2 239,499 - 239,501
Common stock issued for services
at $1.28 per share 22,600 - 28,927 - 28,927
Exercise of stock options at $.20 to
$.625 per share 380,486 4 165,857 - 165,861
Non-cash interest expense related to
convertible notes recorded to
additional paid-in capital - - 375,000 - 375,000
Non-cash compensation expense - - 291,180 - 291,180
Conversion of 6% Convertible
Subordinated Notes plus interest
at $.85 to $1.27 per share 1,525,103 15 1,517,000 - 1,517,015
Adjustment for Metacomp Inc.
pooling of interests from year-
end change (Note 1) - - - (1,741,700) (1,741,700)
Net loss - - - (1,463,792) (1,463,792)
---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
BALANCE, May 31, 1997 33,068,329 $ 331 $ 12,768,487 $(11,344,838) $ 1,423,980
========== ============ ============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying summary of accounting
policies and notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
<PAGE> 49
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Years Ended May 31, 1997 1996
----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
OPETATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss $(1,463,792) $ (557,720)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss
to cash used in operating activities:
Adjustment for Metacomp Inc. pooling of
interests from year-end change (Note 1) (1,741,700) -
Amortization and depreciation 836,692 770,447
Common stock and warrants issued for services 28,927 269,450
Non-cash interest expense related to
convertible notes 375,000 -
Non-cash compensation expense 291,180 -
Changes in:
Accounts and note receivable (60,719) 109,399
Inventories 81,623 (243,302)
Prepaid and other assets (23,163) (6,322)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (57,216) 170,107
Chapter 11 debt obligations - (1,845,518)
----------- -----------
Net cash used in operating activities (1,733,168) (1,333,459)
----------- -----------
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of property, equipment and patents (238,447) (343,330)
----------- -----------
Net cash used in investing activities (238,447) (343,330)
----------- -----------
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Principal payments on notes payable and
long-term debt (320,016) (164,117)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
and exercise of common stock warrants
and options 405,362 1,569,783
Proceeds from issuance of convertible
notes and accrued interest 1,500,000 -
----------- -----------
Net cash provided by financing activities 1,585,346 1,405,666
----------- -----------
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (386,269) (271,123)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year 863,944 1,135,067
----------- -----------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year $ 477,675 $ 863,944
=========== ===========
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Convertible notes and accrued interest
exchanged for common stock $ 1,500,000 $ -
Cash payments for interest 30,491 49,943
----------- -----------
</TABLE>
See accompanying summary of accounting policies and
notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7
<PAGE> 50
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES
ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS
Patriot Scientific Corporation (the "Company") is engaged in the development and
marketing of patented microprocessor technology and high-performance digital
communication products. The Company also owns and is developing innovative radar
and antenna technology.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles and include the accounts of the Company
and its majority owned subsidiary, Metacomp Inc. All material intercompany
transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
As described in Note 1, effective December 26, 1996, the Company acquired 96.9%
of the common stock of Metacomp. The business combination was accounted for as a
pooling-of-interests and, accordingly, the Company's financial statements have
been presented to include the results of Metacomp as though the business
combination occurred as of June 1, 1995.
DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY
As a result of the business combination with Metacomp, the Company no longer
qualifies as a development stage company. Accordingly, the consolidated
statements of operations and statements of cash flows no longer include
development stage cumulative results.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
The Company's financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit
risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.
The Company's cash equivalents are placed in high quality money market accounts
with major financial institutions. The investment policy limits the Company's
exposure to concentrations of credit risk. Such deposit accounts at times may
exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in
such accounts.
Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited
due to the wide variety of customers and markets which comprise the Company's
customer base, as well as their dispersion across many different geographic
areas. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers
and, as a consequence, believes that its accounts receivable credit risk
exposure is limited. Generally, the Company does not require collateral or other
security to support customer receivable.
The carrying amounts of financial instruments including cash and cash
equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses
approximated fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these
instruments.
F-8
<PAGE> 51
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
INVENTORIES
Inventories consist of raw materials, work in process and finished goods and are
valued at the weighted average cost method, which approximates cost on a
first-in, first-out basis, not in excess of market value.
PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND DEPRECIATION
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed over the
estimated useful life of three to five years using the straight line method.
PURCHASED TECHNOLOGY
In accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board
("FASB") Interpretation No. 4, "Applicability of FASB Statement No. 2 to
Business Combinations Accounted for by the Purchase Method", purchased
semiconductor microprocessor technology that is determined to have alternative
future uses is capitalized at cost. Effective June 1, 1994, the Company began
amortizing such technology using the straight-line method over its estimated
useful life of three years (See Note 4).
Purchased technology is assessed periodically for impairment. The amount of
impairment, if any, is charged to operations. The Company recovers its
investments in purchased technology based upon net cash flows from future sales
and license agreements.
PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
Patents and trademarks are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and are
amortized over their estimated useful lives of four years. The carrying value of
patents and trademarks is periodically reviewed and impairments, if any, are
recognized when the expected future benefit to be derived from individual
intangible assets is less than its carrying value.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue is recognized upon the shipment of product to the customer. Licensing
and royalty income is recognized when earned.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes under Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 109 ("SFAS No. 109"). Temporary differences are differences
between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in
the financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in
future years.
F-9
<PAGE> 52
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
NET LOSS PER SHARE
Net loss per common share is based on the weighted average number of shares
outstanding during each period presented. Options and warrants to purchase stock
are included as common stock equivalents, when dilutive. Outstanding shares of
common stock held in escrow whose release are dependent upon the attainment of
future revenues or other events are not considered outstanding for purposes of
the calculation of net loss per share until such shares are released from escrow
(See Note 4).
USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
During the quarter ended May 31, 1997, based upon information then available,
the Company revised its estimates regarding the recovery of certain inventories.
As a result, the Company increased existing reserves for obsolescence by
approximately $110,000.
STOCK OPTIONS
The Company applies APB Opinion 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,
and related Interpretations in accounting for all stock option plans. Under APB
Opinion 25, compensation cost has been recognized for stock options granted to
employees when the option price is less than the market price of the underlying
common stock on the date of grant.
SFAS Statement No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," requires the
Company to provide pro forma information regarding net income as if compensation
cost for the Company's stock option plans had been determined in accordance with
the fair value based method prescribed in SFAS No. 123. To provide the required
pro forma information, the Company estimates the fair value of each stock option
at the grant date by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly
liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less
to be cash equivalents.
F-10
<PAGE> 53
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
On March 3, 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 128 "Earnings Per Share" ("SFAS No. 128").
This pronouncement provides a different method of calculating earnings per share
than is currently used in accordance with Accounting Board Opinion ("APB") No.
15, "Earnings Per Share." SFAS 128 provides for the calculation of "Basic" and
"Dilutive" earnings per share. Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and
is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per
share reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in the
earnings of an entity, similar to fully diluted earnings per share. The Company
will adopt SFAS No. 128 in 1998 and its implementation is not expected to have a
material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain items included in the 1996 financial statements have been reclassified
to conform to the current year presentation.
F-11
<PAGE> 54
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ACQUISITION OF METACOMP, INC. COMMON STOCK
On December 26, 1996, the Company acquired 96.9% of the common stock of
Metacomp, Inc. ("Metacomp") in exchange for 1,272,068 shares of the Company's
common stock. Metacomp designs, manufactures, and sells high-performance digital
communication products. The business combination was accounted for as a pooling
of interests. Accordingly, the Company's financial statements have been restated
to include the results of Metacomp for all periods presented. Metacomp's fiscal
year-end has been changed from July 31 to May 31 to conform to the Company's
fiscal year-end. Based on the difference in fiscal year-ends, results of
operations for the two months ended July 31, 1996 have been included in the
consolidated statements of operations for both years ended May 31, 1997 and
1996. For the two months ended July 31, 1996, Metacomp recorded total revenues
of $239,501, a net loss before extraordinary item of $37,759, extraordinary
income of $1,779,457 and net income after extraordinary item of $1,741,700. The
accompanying consolidated statements of stockholders' equity and cash flows for
the year ended May 31, 1997, have also been adjusted to eliminate the net income
after extraordinary item. The extraordinary income was the primary source of
income for these two months.
Separate net sales, net income and related per share amounts of the merged
entities through the date of the business combination are presented in the
following table. In addition, the table includes unaudited pro forma net income
and net income per share amounts as of the date of the business combination
which reflect the elimination of the nonrecurring merger costs and expenses.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
Net sales
Patriot $ 19,362 $ -
Metacomp 874,377 2,224,708
----------- -----------
Total $ 893,739 $ 2,224,708
----------- -----------
Net income (loss)
Patriot $(1,202,485) $(2,358,649)
Metacomp before extraordinary income 40,706 1,910
Metacomp extraordinary income 1,779,457 1,779,457
----------- -----------
Pro forma net income (loss) 617,678 (577,282)
Merger costs and expenses (30,000) -
Interest income (6,000) (19,562)
Interest expense 15,625 39,124
----------- -----------
Net income (loss), as reported $ 597,303 $ (557,720)
----------- -----------
Net income (loss) per share
As reported $ 0.02 $ (0.02)
Pro forma $ 0.02 $ (0.02)
</TABLE>
Merger costs and expenses consisted of legal and accounting fees.
F-12
<PAGE> 55
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
2. INVENTORIES Inventories at May 31, 1997 consisted of the
following:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Component parts $ 344,334
Work in process 90,086
Finished goods 95,113
-----------
$ 529,533
-----------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
3. PROPERTY AND Property and equipment consisted of the following
EQUIPMENT at May 31, 1997:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Computer equipment and software $ 737,832
Furniture and fixtures 304,249
Laboratory equipment 193,954
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1,236,035
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 855,723
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Net property and equipment $ 380,312
----------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Depreciation expense was approximately $184,055 and
$146,903 for the years ended May 31, 1997 and 1996.
At May 31, 1997 property and equipment includes
certain equipment under capital lease agreements
with an original cost of $36,427 and accumulated
depreciation of $21,310.
4. PURCHASED TECHNOLOGY
SEMICONDUCTOR MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY
Effective May 31, 1994, the Company acquired certain proprietary semiconductor
microprocessor technology (the "ShBoom Chip") and related computer software from
a corporation in exchange for 10,000,000 restricted shares of the Company's
common stock (5,000,000 of which are in escrow subject to release as discussed
below).
The cost of this technology of $1,875,000 was based upon the estimated current
fair market value of the 5,000,000 non-contingent shares of the Company's common
stock issued under this agreement. The remaining 5,000,000 shares issued for
this technology are subject to an earnout escrow arrangement. As such, when the
escrowed shares are earned, they will be charged to compensation in a manner
similar to a variable stock option plan. The terms of the escrow arrangement
provide for
F-13
<PAGE> 56
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
the release from escrow of 500,000 shares for each $500,000 of revenues earned
by the Company during the period from June 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999.
Additionally, this agreement also provides for the release of these shares upon
the occurrence of certain defined major corporate events. Any of the contingent
shares not released by May 31, 1999 would be returned to the Company and
canceled.
The terms of the above purchase agreement contain a provision that if rights to
the technology are licensed to certain entities, then the Company may be
required to make certain payments. Such payments, as defined in the agreement,
are based upon up-front license fees received and any royalties for a period of
five years. As of May 31, 1997 no amounts have been paid nor are due.
RADAR TECHNOLOGY
Effective August 8, 1989, the Company acquired certain proprietary ground
penetrating radar ("GPR technology") from a current director of the Company,
primarily in exchange for 5,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock. Such
shares were subject to an escrow agreement and were releaseable to the director
under various specified conditions including the Company's subsequent merger or
business combination with any third party.
As a result of the Company's acquisition of the ShBoom, these 5,00,000 shares
were released to the director and the escrow agreement was terminated. Effective
May 31, 1994, additional cost totaling $1,875,000 of this previously purchased
GPR technology was recorded as compensation expense due to the release of the
5,000,000 shares. Such cost was based upon the estimated current fair market
value of the Company's common stock.
Additionally, under the terms of the agreement to acquire the GPR technology,
the director is to be paid a royalty equal to 2.5% of all gross revenues
received from the GPR technology, up to a maximum of $400,000. The director also
is to receive a $50,000 bonus upon the successful demonstration of a working
prototype of the technology meeting specified performance criteria. As of May
31, 1997 no amounts were due under this agreement; however, an advance of
$17,000 against the royalty was paid at the inception of the agreement.
5. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
COMMON STOCK
During fiscal 1996, the Company issued 75,000 shares of common stock valued at
the estimated fair market value of $.30 per share in exchange for services.
1995 EMPLOYEE STOCK COMPENSATION PLAN ("ESC")
Effective October 1995, the Company adopted the ESC Plan, expiring September 30,
1998, reserving for issuance 250,000 shares of the Company's common stock. The
ESC Plan provides for compensation awards of the Company's common stock to
employees (as defined), at the discretion
F-14
<PAGE> 57
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
of the Board of Directors. During fiscal 1997 and 1996, the Company issued
22,600 and 195,000 shares of common stock under the Plan recording compensation
expense of $28,928 and $242,250 for awards valued at an estimated fair market
value ranging from $.59 to $2.00 per share.
PRIVATE OFFERINGS AND WARRANTS
During fiscal 1996, the Company completed private offerings of 700,000 units and
253,166 units, consisting each of one share of the Company's common stock and
one warrant to purchase one share of the Company's common stock at $.50 and
$1.58 per share, respectively. During fiscal 1996, in connection with such
offerings, a total of 826,583 shares of the Company's common stock were issued
upon the exercise of outstanding warrants providing net proceeds of $550,000.
Additionally, in connection with a $250,000 manufacturing line-of-credit
agreement and a sales contractual agreement, the Company granted warrants which
were exercisable into 50,000 shares of the Company's common stock at $1.58 per
share and 25,000 shares at $2.85 per share.
During fiscal 1997, a total of 151,583 shares of the Company's common stock were
issued upon the exercise of outstanding warrants which had been issued in fiscal
1996. The net proceeds from the exercise were $239,501.
During fiscal 1997, the Company issued for cash an aggregate of $1,500,000 of
unsecured 6% Convertible Subordinated Promissory Notes due September 30, 1998
("Notes"). The principal and interest amount of each Note could at the election
of the Note holder be converted one or more times into fully paid and
nonassessable shares of common stock, $.00001 par value, ("Shares") of the
Company, at a price which was the lower of (i) $2.00 per share or (ii) 80% of
the average of the five days market price prior to conversion but not less than
$0.80 per share. As of May 31, 1997 all Notes plus accrued interest had been
converted into 1,525,103 shares of common stock of the Company.
According to the Securities and Exchange Commission, convertible debt
instruments which are convertible at a discount to market should be accounted
for by treating such discount as additional interest expense. The Company
computed the amount of the discount based on the difference between the
conversion price and fair value of the underlying common stock on the date the
Notes were issued. The Company has recorded $375,000 of additional paid-in
capital for the discount related to the embedded interest in the Notes. This
same amount has been expensed during fiscal 1997 under the caption "Non-cash
interest expense related to convertible notes."
1992 INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION PLAN ("ISO")
The Company has an ISO Plan, expiring May 20, 2002, reserving for issuance
750,000 shares of the Company's common stock. The ISO Plan provides for grants
to either full or part time employees, at the discretion of the Board of
Directors, options to purchase common stock of the Company at a price not less
than the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant. In the case of a
significant stockholder, the option price of the share is not less than 110
percent of the fair market value of the share on the date of grant. Any options
granted under the ISO Plan must be exercised within ten years of the date they
were granted (five years in the case of a significant stockholder).
F-15
<PAGE> 58
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
1992 NON-STATUTORY STOCK OPTION PLAN("NSO")
The Company has an NSO Plan, expiring May 20, 2002, reserving for issuance
750,000 shares of the Company's common stock. The NSO Plan provides for grants
to either full or part time employees, at the discretion of the Board of
Directors, options to purchase common stock of the Company at a price not less
than the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant. Any options
granted under the NSO Plan must be exercised within ten years of the date they
were granted.
1996 STOCK OPTION PLAN
Effective March 1996, the Company adopted the 1996 Stock Option Plan, expiring
March 24, 2006, reserving for issuance 1,500,000 shares of the Company's common
stock. The 1996 Stock Option Plan provides for grants to either full or part
time employees, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, options to purchase
common stock of the Company at a price not less than the fair market value on
the date of grant for incentive stock options or not less than 85% of the fair
market value on the date of grant for non-qualified stock options. In the case
of a significant stockholder, the option price of the share is not less than 110
percent of the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant. Any option
granted under the 1996 Stock Option Plan must be exercised within ten years of
the date they are granted (five years in the case of a significant stockholder).
During the fiscal year ended May 31, 1997, the Company issued options to
purchase 1,713,000 shares of stock under the non-qualified provisions of the
plan at an exercise price of 85% of the fair market value on the date of grant
and recorded, during the quarter ended May 31, 1997, corresponding non-cash
compensation in the amount of $291,180.
At May 31, 1997, options to purchase 3,290,526 shares of the Company's Common
Stock had been granted under the 1996 Stock Option Plan. Of this amount,
1,875,000 are subject to shareholders' approval to increase the number of shares
reserved for issuance from 1,500,000 to 3,500,000.
FASB Statement 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS No. 123"),
requires the Company to provide pro forma information regarding net loss and net
loss per share as if compensation costs for the Company's stock option plans and
other stock awards had been determined in accordance with the fair value based
method prescribed in SFAS No. 123. The Company estimates the fair value of each
stock award at the grant date by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model
with the following weighted-average assumptions used respectively: dividend
yield of zero percent for all years; expected volatility of 40 percent;
risk-free interest rates of 6.0 to 6.4 percent; and expected lives of 3 to 5
years.
F-16
<PAGE> 59
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Under the accounting provisions for SFAS No. 123, the Company's net loss per
share would have been increased by the pro forma amounts indicated below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
As reported
Net loss before extraordinary item $ (3,243,249) $ (2,337,177)
Extraordinary item 1,779,457 1,779,457
------------- -------------
Net loss $ (1,463,792) $ (557,720)
============= =============
Proforma
Net loss before extraordinary item $ (3,735,409) $ (2,549,503)
Extraordinary item 1,779,457 1,779,457
------------- -------------
Net loss $ (1,955,952) $ (770,046)
============= =============
As reported per share
Net loss before extraordinary item $ (0.12) $ (0.09)
Extraordinary item 0.07 0.07
------------- -------------
Net loss $ (0.05) $ (0.02)
============= =============
Proforma per share
Net loss before extraordinary item $ (0.14) $ (0.10)
Extraordinary item 0.07 0.07
------------- -------------
Net loss $ (0.07) $ (0.03)
============= =============
</TABLE>
During the initial phase-in period of SFAS 123, the effect on pro forma results
are not likely to be representative of the effects on pro forma results in
future years since options vest over several years and additional awards could
be made each year.
F-17
<PAGE> 60
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
A summary of the status of the Company's stock option plans and warrants as of
May 31, 1997 and 1996 and changes during the years ending on those dates is
presented below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
-------------------------------- -------------------------------
Weighted
Average Range of
Exercise Exercise
Shares Price Shares Prices
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding, beginning of year 3,077,775 $ 1.08 1,609,713 $ .18 - .88
Granted 1,940,000 1.36 2,724,666 .18 - 2.85
Cancelled (362,375) 2.01 (207,500) .18 - .63
Exercised (532,069) 0.76 (1,049,104) .18 - 1.58
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding, end of year 4,123,331 $ 1.24 3,077,775 $ .18 - 2.85
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercisable, end of year 1,526,332 $ 0.85 1,190,670 $ .18 - 2.85
========================================================================================================================
Weighted average fair value of options
and warrants granted during the year $ 0.68 $ 1.15
========================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes information about stock options and warrants
outstanding at May 31, 1997:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Outstanding Exercisable
---------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Weighted
Average Weighted Weighted
Range of Number Remaining Average Number Average
Exercise Outstanding Contractual Exercise Exercisable Exercise
Prices at 5/31/97 Life Price at 5/31/97 Price
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$ 0.18 113,331 4.56 $ 0.18 113,331 $ 0.18
0.30 - 0.37 575,000 1.63 0.35 493,750 0.36
0.50 - 0.94 1315000 3.11 0.74 524,050 0.68
1.12 - 1.76 1590000 4.59 1.22 155,001 1.25
2.28 - 2.30 530000 3.82 2.30 240,200 2.30
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 0.18 - 2.30 4,123,331 3.61 $ 1.24 1,526,332 $ 0.85
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
F-18
<PAGE> 61
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
6. INCOME TAXES As of May 31, 1997, the net deferred tax asset recorded
and its approximate tax effect consisted of the
following.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net operating loss carryforwards $ 2,039,000
Purchased technology 642,000
Depreciation and amortization 242,000
Other, net 188,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3,111,000
Valuation allowance (3,111,000)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net deferred tax asset $ -
==========================================================================
</TABLE>
As of May 31, 1997, a valuation allowance equal to the net deferred tax asset
recognized has been recorded, as Management has not determined that it is more
likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized.
At May 31, 1997, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards of
approximately $5,997,000 which expire through 2012 and are subject to certain
limitations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
7. PROFIT-SHARING PLAN
Effective July 1, 1993, the Company adopted a savings and profit-sharing plan
which allows participants to make contributions by salary reduction pursuant to
Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. At the Company's discretion, the
Company may match contributions at 20% of the employee's contribution up to 6%
of the employee's salary. The Company contributions are vested 20% per year
beginning with the first year of service. The Company's contributions to the
plan were $642 and $1,045 in fiscal 1997 and 1996.
F-19
<PAGE> 62
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
8. COMMITMENT AND CAPITAL Patriot Scientific Corp. through its
LEASE OBLIGATIONS subsidiary, Metacomp, entered into an eight
year operating lease for its office and
manufacturing facilities located in San
Diego, California.
The Company also leases a copier, computers,
and test equipment at interest rates between
(4-18%). Future minimum lease payments
required under the operating and capital
leases are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating Capital Leases
--------- --------------
<S> <C> <C>
1998 $ 65,590 $ 3,104
1999 63,460 2,388
2000 10,610 1,393
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total minimum lease payments 139,660 6,885
Less amount representing interest - 630
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present value of net minimum
lease payments 139,660 6,255
Less current portion - 2,721
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $139,660 $ 3,534
==================================================================================
</TABLE>
Rent expense for fiscal 1997 and 1996 was $80,371 and $89,918,respectively.
9. EXTRAORDINARY INCOME
The extraordinary income is a gain from the discharge of debt as a result of the
completion of Metacomp's Plan of Reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S.
Bankruptcy Code as of July, 1996.
In 1990 Metacomp filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition. In 1991 the Bankruptcy
Court confirmed Metacomp's plan of reorganization which provided for 60 monthly
payments to creditors with minimum payments averaging $23,400 per month or
larger depending on operating results. As of July, 1996, the unsecured creditors
were paid approximately 13% of their approved claims and the balance was
discharged. One secured creditor was scheduled to be paid in full as part of the
plan of reorganization. As of July 31, 1996, this secured creditor had a
remaining balance of $312,306. The Company paid to this secured creditor a
remaining balance of $252, 306 plus accrued interest in conjunction with the
business combination with Metacomp.
F-20
<PAGE> 63
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
10. SALES INFORMATION
EXPORT SALES
During the fiscal year ended May 31, 1997, the Company's sales by geographic
area consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Domestic sales $1,428,000
Foreign sales:
Canada 244,000
Other 175,000
----------
Total foreign sales 419,000
----------
Total net product sales $1,847,000
==========
</TABLE>
The Company has no foreign assets. During the fiscal year ended May 31, 1996,
the Company's foreign sales were less than 10% of total sales.
SALES TO MAJOR CUSTOMERS
The Company had sales in excess of 10% to the following customers:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
---- ----
Customer Sales Percent Sales Percent
- -------- ----- ------- ----- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
A $473,000 25.6% $396,000 17.8%
B $472,000 25.5% $450,000 20.2%
C $212,000 11.5% - -
D - - $330,000 14.8%
</TABLE>
11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
FINANCING
On June 2, 1997, the Company issued to a limited number of investors for cash an
aggregate of $2,000,000 of unsecured 5% Convertible Term Debentures due June 2,
1999 and Stock Purchase Warrants ("Securities") with a right to purchase an
aggregate 611,733 shares of common stock, par value $.00001 per share, at an
exercise price of $1.69125. The principal and interest amount of each Debenture
may, at the election of the holder, be converted in whole or in part and from
time to time into fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock, $.00001
par value, of the Company, at a price which is the lower of (i) $1.1646 per
share or (ii) depending on the number of days the
F-21
<PAGE> 64
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Debentures have been held after the funding date, from 75% to 91% of the average
of the closing bid prices for the common stock for the ten consecutive trading
days ending on the trading day immediately preceding such conversion date. If
the Debentures have not been converted into common shares of the Company by June
2, 1999, under certain conditions the Debentures will automatically be converted
into shares of the common stock of the Company. Under certain conditions, at the
election of the Company and for a certain period of time, the Company may issue
an additional $1,000,000 of unsecured 5% Convertible Term Debentures due June 2,
1999 and Stock Purchase Warrants with a right to purchase an additional 305,867
shares of common stock.
The Company expects that the net proceeds of the offering, $1,760,000 after
offering costs, will be used for the purchase of software development tools,
chip development, silicon runs, radar and antenna development, development of
communications software, marketing and sales collateral and for general
corporate purposes.
According to the Securities and Exchange Commission, convertible debt
instruments which are convertible at a discount to market should be accounted
for by treating such discount as additional interest expense. The Company
computed the amount of the discount based on the difference between the
conversion price and fair value of the underlying common stock on the date the
Notes were issued. The Company will record in fiscal 1998 $507,300 of additional
paid-in capital for the discount related to the embedded interest in the Notes.
This same amount will be expensed during fiscal 1998 under the caption "Non-cash
interest expense related to convertible notes."
PREFERRED STOCK
On June 19, 1997, a majority of the shareholders of the Company approved an
increase in the authorized shares of capital stock to 65,000,000 shares of which
5,000,000 shares were designated Preferred Stock, par value $.00001, and
60,000,000 shares were designated as Common Stock, par value $.00001. As of July
3, 1997, none of the Preferred Stock was issued or outstanding.
F-22
<PAGE> 65
No dealer, salesman or other person has been authorized to give any information
or to make any representation not contained in, or incorporated by reference in,
this Prospectus, and if given or made such information or representation must
not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Company. This Prospectus
does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of
the securities offered hereby in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is
unlawful to make such offer in such jurisdiction. Neither the delivery of this
Prospectus nor any sale made hereunder shall, under any circumstances, create
any implication that the information contained herein is correct as of any time
subsequent to the date hereof, or that there has been no change in the affairs
of the Company since such date.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Additional Information ...................... 3
Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements ................................ 4
Prospectus Summary .......................... 4
Risk Factors ................................ 6
Plan of Distribution ........................ 13
Selling Shareholders ........................ 14
The Company ................................. 16
Litigation .................................. 29
Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations ............................. 29
Management .................................. 31
Certain Transactions ........................ 37
Principal
Shareholders ................................ 38
Trading Market and Related Matters .......... 40
Description of Securities ................... 40
Legal Matters ............................... 41
Experts ..................................... 41
Index to Financial Statements .............. F-1
</TABLE>
3,172,068 Shares
of
Common Stock
offered by
Selling Shareholders
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC
CORPORATION
PROSPECTUS
July 17, 1997
<PAGE> 66
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 24. INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS.
Pursuant to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, and as permitted
by Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, the Company may
indemnify its directors and officers under certain circumstances against
reasonable expenses (including court costs and attorney's fees), judgments,
penalties, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative, to which any of them is a party by
reason of his being a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Company if it
is determined that he acted in accordance with the applicable standard of
conduct set forth in such statutory provisions. Thus, the indemnification
provisions will protect officers and directors from liability only if the
officer or director meets the applicable standard of conduct and the Company has
the financial ability to honor the indemnity.
ITEM 25. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.
Expenses payable in connection with the registration and distribution of
the securities being registered hereunder, all of which will be borne by the
Registrant, are as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Registration Fee - Securities and Exchange Commission ...... $ 1,922
Printing and Engraving ..................................... 1,000*
Legal Fees and Expenses .................................... 5,000*
Accounting Fees ............................................ 2,000*
Blue Sky Fees and Expenses ................................. 1,000*
-------
Total ................................................. $10,922
* Estimated
</TABLE>
ITEM 26. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.
The following sets forth certain information with respect to all common
stock, $.00001 par value, of the Registrant sold by it within the three-year
period preceding the date of this Registration Statement:
(a) The Registrant offered and sold the following described securities,
either for cash or in consideration of services rendered as below indicated,
without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and exemption
for such sales from registration under that Act is claimed in reliance upon the
exemption provided by Section 4(2) thereof on the basis that such offers and
sales were transactions not involving any public offering. Appropriate
precautions against transfer have been taken, including the placing of a
restrictive legend on all certificates evidencing such securities. All such
sales were effected without the aid of underwriters, and no sales commissions
were paid.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Aggregate Purchase
Date of Number of Purchase Price
Sale Common Shares Price Per Share
-------- ------------- --------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
9/12/95 75,000 $ 22,500 $.30 Services
11/30/95 500,000 (1) 250,000 .50 Cash
1/10/96 200,000 (1) 100,000 .50 Cash
2/29/96 200,000 (2) 100,000 .50 Cash
5/29/96 500,000 (2) 250,000 .50 Cash
</TABLE>
II-1
<PAGE> 67
(1) Sold as units at $.50 per unit, each consisting of one share of common stock
and one warrant to purchase an additional share of common stock at price of
$.50 per share.
(2) This reflects exercise of warrants granted as described in footnote (1) of
this table.
(b) Effective May 31, 1994, the Registrant acquired certain intellectual
property and other assets from nanoTronics Corporation, for which the Registrant
issued an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of its common stock, valued at $.375
per share, to nanoTronics Corporation in payment for those assets. Such shares
were issued without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
on the ground that such transactions did not involve any public offering.
Appropriate precautions against transfer have been taken, including the placing
of a restrictive legend on all certificates evidencing such securities. Such
shares were issued without the aid of underwriters, and no sales commissions
were paid.
(c) The Registrant on February 29, 1996 offered and sold for cash an
aggregate of 253,166 shares of common stock at a price of $1.58 per share to a
limited number of investors (all of whom but one already were shareholders of
the Registrant), plus a like number of warrants to purchase an additional
253,166 common shares at a price of $1.58 until August 31, 1996. During May 1996
warrants were exercised resulting in the issuance of 126,583 common shares and
in August, 1996 warrants were exercised for the balance of 126,583 common shares
and warrants granted with a manufacturing agreement were exercised at $1.58 per
share into 25,000 common shares. In November, 1996 the Company issued 431,297
shares of common stock at $1.04 per share, in December, 1996, 933,622 shares at
from $0.85 to $1.08 per share and in February, 1997, 160,184 shares at $1.27 per
share in conversion of 6% convertible subordinated notes and accrued interest
aggregating $1,517,015. These securities were offered and sold without
registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and exemption for
such sales from registration under that Act is claimed in reliance upon the
exemption provided by Rule 903 of Regulation S thereunder on the basis that such
offers and sales were made in offshore transactions to persons who were not
"U.S. Persons" as defined in Rule 902 of Regulation S. Appropriate precautions
were taken against transfer into the United States or to any "U.S. Person"
during the applicable restricted period, including the placing of a restrictive
legend on all certificates issued. All such sales were effected without the aid
of underwriters, and no sales commissions were paid.
(d) On January 8, 1997 the Company issued 1,272,068 common shares to 56
persons in connection with the acquisition of Metacomp pursuant to an Exchange
Offer and Letter of Transmittal dated December 4, 1996. The effective date of
the acquisition was December 26, 1996. The closing price of the common shares on
December 26, 1996 was $1.375 per share resulting in aggregate consideration of
$1,749,094. These common shares were issued without registration under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to the exemption provided by
Regulation D on the ground that such transactions did not involve any public
offering. Appropriate precautions against transfer have been taken, including
the placing of a restrictive legend on all certificates evidencing such
securities. Such shares were issued without the aid of underwriters, and no
sales commissions were paid.
ITEM 27. EXHIBITS.
The Exhibits to this Registration Statement are listed in the Exhibit Index
commencing at page EX-1 hereof.
ITEM 28. UNDERTAKINGS.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes the following:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:
(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933;
II-2
<PAGE> 68
(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after
the effective date of this Registration Statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate,
represent a fundamental change in the information in this Registration
Statement; and
(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in this registration, or any material
change to such information in the Registration Statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment to
this Registration Statement any of the securities being registered which remain
unsold at the termination of this offering.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the
Registrant pursuant to the General Corporation Law of Delaware, the Certificate
of Incorporation, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the
opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is
against public policy as expressed in such Act, and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such
liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or
paid by a director, officer or person controlling the Registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
director, officer or person controlling the Registrant in connection with any
securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its
counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court
of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is
against public policy as expressed in such Act and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
II-3
<PAGE> 69
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant
certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all the
requirements for filing on Form SB-2 and has duly caused this registration
statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of San Diego, State of California, on the date below.
DATED: July 17, 1997 PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
By /s/LOWELL W. GIFFHORN
------------------------------
Lowell W. Giffhorn,
Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
Signature Title Date
- --------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/MICHAEL A. CARENZO President, Director, Chief Executive July 17, 1997
- --------------------- Officer
Michael A. Carenzo
/s/LOWELL W. GIFFHORN Chief Financial Officer, Principal July 17, 1997
- --------------------- Financial Officer and Principal
Lowell W. Giffhorn Accounting Officer
/s/ROBERT PUTNAM Director, Treasurer and Secretary July 17, 1997
- ----------------
Robert Putnam
/s/ELWOOD G. NORRIS Chairman and Director July 17, 1997
- -------------------
Elwood G. Norris
/s/NORMAN J. DAWSON Vice President, General Manager July 17, 1997
- ------------------- and Director
Norman J. Dawson
/s/DONALD BERNIER Director July 17, 1997
- -------------------
Donald Bernier
/s/PETER vR. COOPER Director July 17, 1997
- -------------------
Peter vR. Cooper
/s/RICHARD D. MCDANIEL Director July 17, 1997
- ----------------------
Richard D. McDaniel
</TABLE>
II-4
<PAGE> 70
EXHIBIT INDEX
PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
The following exhibits are included as part of this registration statement,
except those exhibits marked (1), which have previously been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission and are incorporated by reference to another
registration statement, report or document. References to the "Company" in this
Exhibit Index mean PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exh.No. Document No.
- ------- -------- ---
<S> <C> <C>
2.0 PLAN OF ACQUISITION, REORGANIZATION, ARRANGEMENT, LIQUIDATION OR SUCCESSION.
2.1 Agreement to Exchange Technology for Stock in Patriot Scientific
Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K
dated August 10, 1989 (1)
2.2 Assets Purchase Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated
June 22, 1994, among the Company, nanoTronics Corporation
and Helmut Falk, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4
to Form 8-K dated July 6, 1994 (1)
2.2.1 Amendment to Development Agreement dated April 23, 1996 between the
Company and Sierra Systems, incorporated by reference to Exhibit
2.2.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on
Form SB-2 dated April 29, 1996 (1)
2.3 Form of Exchange Offer dated December 4, 1996 between the Company
and certain shareholders of Metacomp, Inc. incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 2.3 to Form 8-K dated January 9, 1997 (1)
2.4 Letter of Transmittal to Accompany Shares of Common Stock of
Metacomp, Inc. Tendered Pursuant to the Exchange Offer Dated
December 4, 1996 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to
Form 8-K dated January 9, 1997 (1)
3.0 ARTICLES AND BYLAWS.
3.1 Original Articles of Incorporation of the Company's predecessor,
Patriot Financial Corporation, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to registration statement on Form S-18, file no.
33-23143-FW (1)
3.2 Articles of Amendment of Patriot Financial Corporation, as filed
with the Colorado Secretary of State on July 21, 1988, incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to registration statement on Form S-18,
File No. 33-23143-FW (1)
3.3 Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as filed with the
Delaware Secretary of State on March 24, 1992, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (1)
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 71
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
3.3.1 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the
Company, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on April 18,
1995, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.1 to Form 10-KSB for
the fiscal year ended May 31, 1995 (1)
3.3.2 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the
Company, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on June
19,1997, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.2 to Form 10-KSB
for the fiscal year ended May 31, 1997 (1)
3.4 Articles and Certificate of Merger of Patriot Financial Corporation
into the Company dated May 1, 1992, with Agreement and Plan of
Merger attached thereto as Exhibit A, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (1)
3.5 Certificate of Merger issued by the Delaware Secretary of State on
May 8, 1992, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Form 8-K
dated May 12, 1992 (1)
3.6 Certificate of Merger issued by the Colorado Secretary of State on
May 12, 1992, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to Form 8-K
dated May 12, 1992 (1)
3.7 Bylaws of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to
Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (1)
4.0 INSTRUMENTS ESTABLISHING RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
4.1 Specimen common stock certificate, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (1)
4.2 Form of Stock Purchase Warrant (Labway Corporation) dated
February 29, 1996, exercisable to purchase 253,166 common
shares at $1.58 per share until August 31, 1996, granted
to investors in connection with an offering of securities
made in reliance upon Regulation S, incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 10-QSB for fiscal quarter ended 2/29/96 (1)
4.3 Form of 6% Convertible Subordinated Promissory Note due
September 30, 1998 aggregating $1,500,000 to six investors
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 10-QSB for
fiscal quarter ended August 31, 1996 (1)
4.4 Form of 5% Convertible Term Debenture (CC Investments, LDC) due
June 2, 1999 aggregating $2,000,000 to two investors incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Form 8-K dated June 16, 1997 (1)
4.5 Form of Stock Purchase Warrant (CC Investments, LDC) dated June 2,
1997 exercisable to purchase an aggregate of 400,000 common shares
at $1.69125 per share until June 2, 2002, granted to two investors
in connection with the offering of securities in Exhibit 4.4
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Form 8-K dated June 16,
1997 (1)
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 72
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
4.6 Registration Rights Agreement dated June 2, 1997 by and among the
Company and CC Investments, LDC and the Matthew Fund, N.V. related
to the registration of the common stock related to Exhibits 4.4 and
4.5 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Form 8-K dated June
16, 1997 (1)
4.7 Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock (Swartz Family
Partnership, L.P.) dated June 2, 1997 exercisable to purchase an
aggregate of 211,733 common shares at $1.69125 per share until June
2, 2002, granted to a group of investors in connection with the
offering of securities in Exhibit 4.4 incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.7 to Form 8-K dated June 16, 1997 (1)
4.8 Registration Rights Agreement dated June 2, 1997 by and among the
Company and Swartz Investments, LLC related to the registration of
the common stock related to Exhibit 4.7 incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.8 to Form 8-K dated June 16, 1997 (1)
5.0 OPINION RE LEGALITY.
5.1 Legal opinion of Luce, Forward, Hamilton & Scripps LLP, attorneys at law (2)
10.0 MATERIAL CONTRACTS.
10.1 1992 Incentive Stock Option Plan of the Company, incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (1)
10.1.1 Amendment to 1992 Incentive Stock Option Plan dated January 11, 1995,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1.1 to Form S-8 dated July 17, 1996 (1)
10.2 1992 Non-Statutory Stock Option Plan of the Company,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K
dated May 12, 1992 (1)
10.2.1 Amendment to 1992 Non-Statutory Stock Option Plan dated January 11,
1995 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2.1 to Form 10-KSB for
fiscal year ended May 31, 1996 (1)
10.3 Lease Agreement between the Company's subsidiary Metacomp, Inc. and
Clar-O-Wood Partnership, a California limited partnership dated
April 11, 1991 as amended November 11, 1992 and November 2, 1995
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-KSB for fiscal
year ended May 31, 1997 (1)
10.4 Stock Purchase Agreement dated November 29 and 30, 1995, between
the Company and SEA, Ltd., incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.4 to Form 8-K dated December 11, 1995 (1)
10.4.1 Letter Amendment to Stock Purchase Agreement dated February 21,
1996, between the Company and SEA, Ltd., incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.4.1 to Form 10-QSB for fiscal quarter ended 2/29/96 (1)
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 73
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
10.5 1995 Employee Stock Compensation Plan of the Company,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-QSB
for fiscal quarter ended 11/30/95 (1)
10.6 Letter Stock and Warrant Agreement dated January 10, 1996 between
the Company and Robert E. Crawford, Jr., incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.6 to Form 10-QSB for fiscal quarter ended February
29, 1996 (1)
10.7 Non-Exclusive Manufacturing and Line of Credit Agreement dated
February 28, 1996, between the Company and Labway Corporation,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Form 10-QSB for fiscal
quarter ended February 29, 1996 (1)
10.8 Distribution and Representation Agreement dated February 28, 1996,
between the Company and Innoware, Inc., incorporated by reference
to Form 10-QSB for fiscal quarter ended February 29, 1996 (1)
10.9 Employment Agreement dated November 20, 1995 between the
Company and Elwood G. Norris, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9
to Registration Statement on Form SB-2 dated March 18, 1996 (1)
10.9.1 First Amendment to Employment Agreement dated May 17, 1996
between the Company and Elwood G. Norris, incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.9.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration
Statement on Form SB-2 dated May 23, 1996 (1)
10.10 Employment Agreement dated November 20, 1995 between the Company
and Robert Putnam, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to
Registration Statement on Form SB-2 dated March 18, 1996 (1)
10.11 Sales Contractual Agreement dated March 19, 1996 between the
Company and Evolve Software, Inc., incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registration
Statement on Form SB-2 dated April 29, 1996 (1)
10.11.1 Two Year Stock Purchase Warrant dated March 19, 1996 Granted to
Evolve Software, Inc. Providing for the Purchase of up to 50,000
Common Shares at $2.85, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form SB-2 dated
April 29, 1996 (1)
10.12 Employment Agreement dated as of May 8, 1996 between the
Company and Michael A. Carenzo, including Schedule A - Stock
Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form SB-2
dated May 23, 1996 (1)
10.13 1996 Stock Option Plan of the Company dated March 25, 1996
and approved by the Shareholders on May 17, 1996, incorporated by
reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement
on Form SB-2 dated May 23, 1996 (1)
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 74
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
10.14 Sales Contractual Agreement dated June 20, 1996 between the Company
and Compunetics Incorporated incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14
to Form 10-KSB for fiscal year ended May 31, 1996 (1)
10.15 Sales Contractual Agreement dated July 31, 1996 between the Company and
Premier Technical Sales, Inc. incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15
to Form 10-KSB for fiscal year ended May 31, 1996 (1)
10.16 Employment Agreement dated January 1, 1997 between the Company
and Norman J. Dawson incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to
Form 10-KSB for fiscal year ended May 31, 1997 (1)
10.17 Employment Agreement dated January 1, 1997 between the Company
and Jayanta K. Maitra incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to
Form 10-KSB for fiscal year ended May 31, 1997 (1)
10.18 Technology License and Distribution Agreement dated June 23, 1997
between the Company and Sun Microsystems, Inc. incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year
ended May 31, 1997 (1)
23.0 CONSENTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL.
23.1 Consent of BDO Seidman, LLP (2)
23.2 Consent of Luce, Forward, Hamilton & Scripps LLP, attorneys at law
(included in Exhibit 5.1)
23.3 Consent of Harlan & Boettger, LLP, Certified Public Accountants (2)
99.0 ADDITIONAL EXHIBITS.
99.1 Form of ISO Plan Option (Gaspar) dated May 29, 1992,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 28.2 to registration
statement on Form SB-2, file no. 33-57858 (1)
99.2 Form of NSO Plan Option (Berlin) dated May 29, 1992,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 28.3 to registration
statement on Form SB-2, file no. 33-57858 (1)
99.3 Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement to the Company's 1996
Stock Option Plan (individual agreements differ as to number of
shares, dates, prices and vesting), incorporated by reference to
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form
SB-2 dated May 23, 1996 (1)
99.4 Form of NonQualified Stock Option Agreement to the Company's 1996
Stock Option Plan (individual agreement differ as to number of
shares, date, prices and vesting), incorporated by reference to
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form
SB-2 dated May 23, 1996 (1)
99.5 Press Release of the Company dated November 4, 1996 incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.5 to Form 8-K dated January 9, 1997 (1)
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 75
(1) Previously filed in indicated registration statement or report.
(2) Exhibit filed herewith this Registration Statement on Form SB-2.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 5.1
(Luce, Forward, Hamilton & Scripps, LLP Letterhead)
July 17, 1997
Patriot Scientific Corporation
10989 Via Frontera
San Diego, California 92127
Re: Registration Statement on Form SB-2
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are counsel for Patriot Scientific Corporation, a Delaware corporation
("Patriot"), in connection with the preparation of a Registration Statement on
Form SB-2 of which this opinion is a part, to be filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "Commission"), for the sale by certain selling
shareholders (the "Selling Shareholders") of 3,172,068 shares of Patriot's
common stock (the "Common Stock").
In connection with rendering our opinion as set forth below, we have reviewed
and examined originals or copies of such corporate records and other documents
and have satisfied ourselves as to such other matters as we have deemed
necessary to enable us to express our opinion hereinafter set forth.
Based upon the foregoing, it is our opinion that:
The shares of Common Stock being registered for the account of the Selling
Shareholders have been validly issued, and are fully paid and non-assessable.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an Exhibit to the
Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the caption
"Legal Matters" in the Prospectus included in the Registration Statement.
Very truly yours,
/s/ LUCE, FORWARD, HAMILTON & SCRIPPS LLP
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF
INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
Patriot Scientific Corporation
San Diego, California
We hereby consent to the use in the Prospectus constituting a part of this
Registration Statement of our report dated July 3, 1997 relating to the
consolidated financial statements of Patriot Scientific Corporation, which is
contained in that Prospectus.
We also consent to the reference to us under the caption "Experts" in the
Prospectus.
/s/ BDO SEIDMAN, LLP
Denver, Colorado
July 17, 1997
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.3
CONSENT OF
INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
Patriot Scientific Corporation
San Diego, California
We hereby consent to the use in the Prospectus constituting a part of this
Registration Statement of our report dated December 17, 1996 relating to the
financial statements of Metacomp, Inc., which is contained in that Prospectus.
We also consent to the reference to us under the caption "Experts" in the
Prospectus.
/s/ HARLAN & BOETTGER, LLP
San Diego, California
July 17, 1997
