Putnam
Managed
Municipal
Income Trust
SEMIANNUAL REPORT
April 30, 1997
[LOGO: BOSTON * LONDON * TOKYO]
Fund highlights
* "The fund's number-one priority remains high current income.
However, in a market with downside risk, we're balancing the need for
income with the need for total-return strategies that build net asset
value."
-- Richard P. Wyke, Fund Manager
Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust
* "Depending on your tax bracket, municipal bonds may offer juicier
after-tax yields than Treasuries of comparable maturities."
-- Money, May 1997
CONTENTS
4 Report from Putnam Management
8 Fund performance summary
10 Portfolio holdings
19 Financial statements
From the Chairman
[GRAPHIC OMITTED: PHOTO OF GEORGE PUTNAM]
[copyright] Karsh, Ottawa
Dear Shareholder:
In few places is the power of suggestion more aptly demonstrated than in the
securities markets. For months, the market has translated conjecture over the
prospect of an increase in short-term interest rates by the Federal Reserve
Board into volatility. Instead of settling down after the Fed finally raised
rates by a quarter point in late March, the market immediately began
responding to the suggestion that the Fed was about to raise rates again, if
not in May, then at some point.
Uncertainty heightens the intensity of volatility, as we have seen throughout
Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust's semiannual period. Over the long term,
however, rational research and analysis, backed by expertise and experience,
play a large role in investment success -- and thus generally work to the
advantage of those who maintain a long-term investment perspective.
Since Fund Manager Richard Wyke believes the current volatility may continue
for a while, this seems an appropriate time to counsel patience. In the
following report, Rick explains how he has been dealing with the current
market environment and what he sees in prospect for the months ahead.
Respectfully yours,
/S/ GEORGE PUTNAM
George Putnam
Chairman of the Trustees
June 18, 1997
Report from the Fund Manager
Richard P. Wyke
Speculation about an interest-rate increase by the Federal Reserve Board,
which eventually took place on March 25, overshadowed the fixed-income markets
for much of the six months ended April 30, 1997. April brought some relief, as
positive inflation reports and efforts in Washington to balance the federal
budget brightened bond investors' spirits. Putnam Managed Municipal Income
Trust's returns for the semiannual period were 2.46% at net asset value and
3.72% at market price, well ahead of the 2.02% returned by the Lehman
Municipal Bond Index, the fund's competitive benchmark. Returns for longer
time periods can be found on pages 9 and 10.
* HIGH-INCOME BONDS COME UNDER PRESSURE
During the period, the municipal bond market witnessed a very high number of
bond calls. Many of the tax-free bonds issued during the 1980s are now being
called by their issuers, who want to replace them with new bonds issued at the
lower rates available today. While your fund was affected by this trend, the
impact was relatively small; approximately 5% of the portfolio was called
away during the period. Bonds with double-digit coupons were most vulnerable.
Among them was one of the portfolio's highest-yielding holdings, Louisiana
Port Authority bonds for Continental Grain, yielding 14.5%.
In today's relatively low-interest-rate climate, yields in this range are
difficult to replace, but opportunities do exist. On a positive note, it
appears that much of the call activity is past, and we do not foresee any
further significant call activity over the balance of the fiscal year.
Furthermore, because of the strong performance of the fund thus far in fiscal
1997, as well as the conservative approach we have taken in setting the
dividend level, we do not anticipate any dividend adjustments in the immediate
future.
* SHIFTS MADE IN QUALITY AND MATURITY STRUCTURE
One obvious outcome of the bond calls has been a small reduction in the
lower-tier investment-grade and non-investment-grade portion of the portfolio
(below Baa), from 56.5% to 50.0%. This did not affect the portfolio's average
quality rating, which remains A. Interestingly, Aaa-rated holdings increased
from 31% to 32% by the end of the period. This is largely because half of the
new issuance coming to market is insured. While insured bonds offer greater
safety than less creditworthy sectors of the municipal market, they can also
be more interest-rate sensitive. These higher-quality bonds are likely to
decline more than lower-quality bonds in a rising-rate environment, but they
are also quicker to appreciate during a decline in rates.
A glance at the fund's maturity structure also reveals some changes during the
first half of fiscal 1997. We increased the fund's short-term holdings as well
as the allocation to bonds in the 10- to 15-year segment of the yield curve.
As a result, the portfolio's average maturity decreased from 21.45 years to
20.56 years. In a market that still has downside risk, we believe this
strategy holds the best opportunities for balancing the fund's priority of
high current income with price stability and appreciation potential.
* DURATION: KEY TO INTEREST-RATE MANAGEMENT
An ongoing focus on managing portfolio duration goes hand in hand with the
fund's yield-curve positioning. Duration is a measure of the portfolio's
maturity structure and reflects the price sensitivity of holdings to changes
in interest rates. A longer duration can mean a more volatile net asset value
if rates change, but also one that is more likely to appreciate substantially if
rates decline. On the other hand, a shorter duration can help preserve
portfolio value as interest rates rise.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED: horizontal bar chart TOP INDUSTRY SECTORS]
TOP INDUSTRY SECTORS*
Health Care 25.7%
Utilities 19.5%
Transportation 17.7%
Housing 5.5%
Education 5.1%
Footnote reads:
*Based on net assets as of 4/30/97. Holdings will vary over time.
Early in December, anticipating a change of climate in the rate environment,
we began shortening duration, selling longer-maturity discount bonds, and
adding premium bonds and shorter-maturity bonds to the portfolio. Discount
bonds -- those selling at prices below par value -- are attractive for their
significant appreciation potential when interest rates are falling. In the
current rising-rate environment, however, discount bonds can experience
greater price volatility than premium bonds -- those selling at prices above
par value. Premium bonds carry higher coupons than current market rates and
tend to be more stable in price. Shorter-maturity bonds are also adding an
element of price stability, since these securities typically fall less in
price than longer-term issues in response to a rise in interest rates. By
early April, after the peak in interest rates, the fund took on a more neutral
posture, and duration was extended to 7.04 years.
* AIRLINE, HOSPITAL, AND CALIFORNIA HOLDINGS DRIVE PERFORMANCE
Little has changed in the fund's overall sector composition. Instead, we have
added positions in securities that we believe were undervalued or whose
issuers were in turnaround situations, while taking profits selectively on
individual securities that have appreciated. At the end of the period, the
fund's portfolio remained heavily weighted in health care, utilities, and
transportation. Performance was fueled, in large part, by holdings in the
airline and hospital sectors, and those issued in California.
Encouraged by a strengthening national economy, the fund's airline bond
holdings benefited from the record earnings posted for the first quarter of
calendar 1997 as well as from industry efforts to reduce costs. Within the
health-care sector, the improving quality of hospital management is increasing
profitability, favorably impacting investors' view of these bonds.
With one of the most diverse economies in the nation, California is enjoying
an economic resurgence. Fueled by the high-technology, entertainment, and
construction sectors, job growth has increased significantly, pushing the
unemployment rate to its lowest level in seven years. The state's finances are
improving and the budget is in surplus. California's general obligation bonds
have been strong beneficiaries of this renaissance.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED: pie chart CREDIT QUALITY OVERVIEW]
CREDIT QUALITY OVERVIEW*
Aaa -- 32.0%
Aa -- 6.0%
A -- 5.4%
Baa -- 31.5%
Ba -- 9.0%
B and under -- 12.9%
VMIGI -- 3.2%
Footnote reads:
As a percentage of market value as of 4/30/97. A bond rated Baa or higher is
considered investment grade. All ratings reflect Moody's descriptions unless
noted otherwise; percentages may include unrated bonds considered by Putnam
Management to be of comparable quality. Ratings will vary over time.
The portfolio's prerefunded sector delivered still more good news.
Prerefunding takes place when an issuer floats a second bond to raise funds to
pay off an older bond, generally at the first call date. The proceeds from the
second bond are invested in a top-quality instrument, usually U.S. Treasury
securities, that will mature close to the time that the older bond can be
called. The market often perceives this added safety as equal to a credit
upgrade, which can boost the bond's price and remove some risk from the
portfolio.
* INVESTMENT APPROACH CAUTIOUS BUT OPPORTUNISTIC
We can expect a bumpy ride in the months ahead as investors attempt to gauge
the economy's underlying strength and the real risk of inflation. Regardless
of the future course of interest rates, however, the fund's ability to respond
to changing market conditions will be an important and strategic advantage.
The views expressed here are exclusively those of Putnam Management. They are
not meant as investment advice. Although the described holdings were viewed
favorably as of 4/30/97, there is no guarantee the fund will continue to hold
these securities in the future.
Performance summary
Performance should always be considered in light of a fund's investment
strategy. Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust is designed for investors
seeking high current income free from federal income tax through a
diversified portfolio of tax-exempt securities.
TOTAL RETURN FOR PERIODS ENDED 4/30/97
Lehman Bros.
Market Municipal Consumer
NAV price Bond Index Price Index
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6 months 2.46% 3.72% 2.02% 1.20%
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1 year 7.35 11.52 6.65 2.50
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5 years 50.13 57.00 41.35 14.84
Annual average 8.47 9.44 7.17 2.81
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Life of fund (2/24/89) 100.05 107.94 119.15 31.74
Annual average 8.85 9.36 8.16 3.43
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TOTAL RETURN FOR PERIODS ENDED 3/31/97
(most recent calendar quarter)
Market
NAV price
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6 months 2.89% 2.53%
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1 year 6.07 7.71
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5 years 50.67 57.28
Annual average 8.54 9.48
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Life of fund (2/24/89) 98.43 101.93
Annual average 8.83 9.06
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Performance data represent past results and do not reflect future
performance. They do not take into account any adjustment for taxes
payable on reinvested distributions. Investment returns, net asset value
and market price will fluctuate so that an investor's shares, when sold,
may be worth more or less than their original cost.
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Total return shows how the value of the fund's shares changed over time,
assuming you held the shares through the entire period and reinvested all
distributions in the fund.
Net asset value (NAV) is the value of all your fund's assets, minus any
liabilities and the net assets allocated to remarketed preferred shares,
divided by the number of outstanding common shares.
Market price is the current trading price of one share of the fund. Market
prices are set by transactions between buyers and sellers on the New York
Stock Exchange.
COMPARATIVE BENCHMARKS
Lehman Brothers Municipal Bond Index is an unmanaged list of long-term
fixed-rate investment-grade tax-exempt bonds representative of the
municipal bond market. The index does not take into account brokerage
commissions or other costs, may include bonds different from those in the
fund, and may pose different risks than the fund. The index assumes
reinvestment of all distributions and interest payments.
Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a commonly used measure of inflation; it
does not represent an investment return.
PRICE AND DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION
6 months ended 4/30/97
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Distributions (common shares)
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Number 6
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Income $0.381000
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Capital gains1 --
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Total $0.381000
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Preferred shares Series A Series B Series C
(550 shares) (550 shares) (650 shares)
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Income $1,871.53 $1,637.47 $1,768.87
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Capital gains -- -- --
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Total $1,871.53 $1,637.47 $1,768.87
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Share value
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(common shares): NAV Market price
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10/31/96 $9.85 $10.875
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04/30/97 9.73 10.875
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Current return
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(common shares): NAV Market price
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End of period
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Current dividend rate2 7.83% 7.01%
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Taxable equivalent3 12.96 11.61
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1 Capital gains, if any, are taxable for federal and, in most cases, state
tax purposes. For some investors, investment income may also be subject to
the federal alternative minimum tax. Investment income may be subject to
state and local taxes.
2 Income portion of most recent distribution, annualized and divided by NAV
or POP at end of period.
3 Assumes maximum 39.6% federal tax rate. Results for investors subject to
lower tax rates would not be as advantageous.
Portfolio of investments owned
April 30, 1997 (Unaudited)
Key to Abbreviations
AMBAC -- AMBAC Indemnity Corporation
COP -- Certificate of Participation
FGIC -- Financial Guaranty Insurance Company
FSA -- Financial Security Assurance
GNMA Coll. -- Government National Mortgage Association Collateralized
G.O. Bonds -- General Obligation Bonds
IFB -- Inverse Floating Rate Bonds
IF COP -- Inverse Floating Rate Certificate of Participation
MBIA -- Municipal Bond Investors Assurance Corporation
VRDN -- Variable Rate Demand Notes
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (99.0%) *
PRINCIPAL AMOUNT RATINGS ** VALUE
Alabama (0.7%)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
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$4,000,000 Baldwin Cnty., Eastern Shore Hlth. Care Auth.
Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Thomas Hospital),
6 3/4s, 4/1/21 Baa $ 4,125,000
Arizona (3.6%)
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5,000,000 Central AZ Wtr. Conservation Dist. Contract
Rev. Bonds (Central AZ), Ser. A,
5 1/2s, 11/1/08 AA 5,112,500
4,000,000 Coconino Cnty., Poll. Control Corp. Rev. Bonds
(Tuscon/Navajo Elec. Pwr.), Ser. A,
7 1/8s, 10/1/32 B 4,070,000
3,965,000 Payson, Indl. Dev. Auth. Hosp. Rev. Bonds
(Payson Regl. Med. Ctr. Inc.), 7.7s, 10/1/23 B/P 3,598,238
6,402,442 Phoenix, Indl. Dev. Auth. Arpt. Fac. Rev. Bonds
(American West Airlines), Ser. A 95-1, 8.3s,
1/1/06 B/P 6,433,174
2,750,000 Tucson, Arpt. Auth. Special Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Lockheed Aermod Ctr. Inc.), 8.7s, 9/1/19 A 3,090,313
--------------
22,304,225
California (14.6%)
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14,000,000 CA Hlth. Fac. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Catholic
Healthcare West), AMBAC, 5.293s, 7/1/17 AAA 12,850,180
CA State G.O. Bonds
5,000,000 6.6s, 2/1/09 Aa 5,587,500
5,000,000 MBIA, 5 1/2s, 4/1/12 Aaa 5,012,500
6,660,000 CA State Wtr. Dept. Resources Rev. Bonds
(Central Valley), Ser. O, 5s, 12/1/22 Aa 5,927,400
4,000,000 Contra Costa Wtr. Dist. Rev. Bonds, Ser. G,
MBIA, 5s, 10/1/24 Aaa 3,550,000
3,000,000 Contra Costa, Trans. Auth. Sales Tax Rev. Bonds,
Ser. A, FGIC, 6s, 3/1/09 Aaa 3,187,500
Corona, COP (Vista Hosp. Syst. Inc.)
2,775,000 Ser. B, 9 1/2s, 7/1/20 B/P 2,948,438
5,000,000 Ser. C, 8 3/8s, 7/1/11 B/P 5,512,500
Kern High School Dist. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, MBIA
3,825,000 6 1/2s, 8/1/14 Aaa 4,212,281
3,840,000 6 1/2s, 2/1/14 Aaa 4,228,800
3,500,000 San Bernardino Cnty. IF COP (PA-100-Med.
Ctr. Fin.), MBIA, 8.858s, 8/1/28 (acquired
6/27/95 cost $3,777,340) [DBL. DAGGER] AAA/P 4,370,625
8,750,000 Santa Clara Cnty. Fin. Auth. Lease Rev. Bonds
(Vmc. Fac. Replacement), Ser. A, AMBAC,
6 3/4s, 11/15/20 Aaa 9,548,438
15,000,000 U. of CA Rev. Bonds (UCSD Med. Ctr. Satellite
Med. Fac.), 7.9s, 12/1/19 BBB/P 16,125,000
7,500,000 Valley Hlth. Syst. Hosp. Rev. Bonds, 6 1/2s, 5/15/25 BBB 7,575,000
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90,636,162
Colorado (3.6%)
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5,000,000 Colorado Postsecondary Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev.
Bonds (Ocean Journey, Inc.), 8.3s, 12/1/17 B/P 5,112,500
Denver, City & Cnty. Arpt. Rev. Bonds, Ser. D
4,000,000 Ser. A, 8 3/4s, 11/15/23 Baa 4,675,000
7,645,000 Ser. A, MBIA, 8 1/2s, 11/15/23 Baa 8,715,300
2,240,000 Ser. D, 7 3/4s, 11/15/21 Baa 2,458,400
1,050,000 Ser. D, 7 3/4s, 11/15/13 Baa 1,263,938
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22,225,138
Connecticut (0.7%)
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4,000,000 CT State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Norwalk Health Care Inc.), Ser. A,
8.7s, 7/1/22 BB/P 4,335,000
Florida (4.1%)
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2,000,000 Dade Cnty., Ind. Dev. Auth. VRDN (Dolphins
Stadium), Ser. C, 4 1/2s, 1/1/16 VMIG1 2,000,000
3,210,000 Escambia Cnty., Poll. Control Rev. Bonds
(Champion Intl. Corp.), 6.9s, 8/1/22 Baa 3,374,513
5,000,000 Hernando Cnty., Indl. Dev. Rev. Bonds
(FL Crushed Stone Co.), 8 1/2s, 12/1/14 B/P 5,550,000
7,900,000 Lee Cnty., Hosp. Board of Directors Hosp. IFB
(Lee Memorial Hosp.), MBIA, 8.411s, 3/26/20 Aaa 8,383,875
Orange Cnty., Hlth. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Orlando Regl. Hlthcare), MBIA
2,000,000 6 1/4s, 10/1/18 Aaa 2,142,500
2,170,000 6 1/4s, 10/1/11 Aaa 2,351,738
1,430,000 Pinellas Cnty. Hlth. Fac. Auth. Sun. Coast Hlth.
Syst. Rev. Bonds (Sun. Coast Hosp.),
Ser. A, 8 1/2s, 3/1/20 BBB 1,522,950
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25,325,576
Georgia (4.2%)
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2,000,000 Atlanta, Arpt. Fac. Rev. Bonds, AMBAC,
5 1/4s, 1/1/10 Aaa 1,967,500
1,505,000 Atlanta, Special Purpose Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Delta Air Lines, Inc.), Ser. B, 7.9s, 12/1/18 Baa 1,615,994
2,750,000 Fulton Cnty., Hsg. Auth. VRDN (Spring Creek
Crossing), 3 1/2s, 10/1/24 VMIG1 2,750,000
7,000,000 GA Muni. Elec. Auth. Special Obligation Rev.
Bonds (Fifth Crossover), Ser. One, AMBAC,
6.4s, 1/1/13 Aaa 7,673,750
5,000,000 GA Muni. Elec. Auth. VRDN, Ser. C,
3 3/4s, 3/1/20 VMIG1 5,000,000
3,250,000 Gwinnett Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Kawneer Co. Inc.), Ser. 1984, 9 1/2s, 6/1/15 BBB/P 3,534,375
3,180,000 Savannah, Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Chandler Hosp.),
7s, 1/1/11 Baa 3,243,600
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25,785,219
Hawaii (0.4%)
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2,250,000 HI State G.O. Bonds, Ser. CL, 6s, 3/1/11 Aa 2,365,313
Illinois (3.6%)
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Chicago, O'Hare Intl. Arpt. Special Fac. Rev.
Bonds (United Airlines Inc.)
5,263,000 Ser. B, 8.95s, 5/1/18 Baa 5,907,718
3,155,000 Ser. 84A, 8.85s, 5/1/18 Baa 3,529,656
1,800,000 Ser. 84B, 8.85s, 5/1/18 Baa 2,013,750
Chicago, O'Hare Intl. Arpt. Special Fac. Rev.
Bonds (American Airlines Inc.)
3,000,000 8.2s, 12/1/24 Baa 3,491,250
5,000,000 Ser. A, 7 7/8s, 11/1/25 Baa 5,400,000
2,500,000 IL Dev. Fin. Auth. Retirement Hsg. Rev. Bonds
(Regency Park-Lincolnwood), Ser. A, 10 1/4s,
4/15/19(In default) + D/P 1,775,000
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22,117,374
Indiana (1.6%)
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9,300,000 Indianapolis Indl. Arpt. Auth. Special Fac. Rev.
Bonds (Federal Express Corp.), 7.1s, 1/15/17 Baa 9,974,250
Iowa (1.1%)
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IA Fin. Auth. Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Care Initiatives)
3,000,000 9 1/4s, 7/1/25 BB/P 3,671,250
2,350,000 9.15s, 7/1/09 BB/P 2,837,625
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6,508,875
Kansas (2.9%)
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7,500,000 Burlington, Poll. Control Poll. Control IFB
(KS Gas & Electric), Ser. 91-4, MBIA, 9.686s,
6/1/31(acquired 12/17/91 cost $7,800,000) [DBL. DAGGER] Aaa 8,793,750
8,400,000 Witchita, Hosp. IFB, Ser. 111-A, MBIA,
8.722s, 10/1/17 Aaa 9,250,500
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18,044,250
Kentucky (0.5%)
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2,000,000 Kenton Cnty., Arpt. Board Special Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Delta Air Lines, Inc.), Ser. A, 7 1/2s, 2/1/20 Baa 2,145,000
1,000,000 Scott Cnty. Indl. Dev. Rev. Bonds (Hoover
Group Inc.), 8 1/2s, 11/1/14 Baa 1,021,250
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3,166,250
Louisiana (3.6%)
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12,500,000 Lake Charles, Harbor & Term. Dist. Port Facs.
Rev. Bonds (Trunkline Co.), 7 3/4s, 8/15/22 Baa 14,140,624
5,050,000 St. James Parish, Solid Waste Disp. Rev. Bonds
(Kaiser Aluminum), 8s, 12/1/24 Baa 5,390,875
2,750,000 W. Feliciana Parish Poll. Control Rev. Bonds
(Gulf States Util.), Ser. C, 7s, 11/1/15 Ba 2,877,188
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22,408,687
Maryland (0.7%)
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4,000,000 MD, State Hlth. & Higher Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev.
Bonds (Doctors Cmnty. Hosp.), 8 3/4s, 7/1/12 Aaa 4,540,000
Massachusetts (5.1%)
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MA State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
2,000,000 (Norwood Hosp.), Ser. E, 8s, 7/1/12 Ba 2,082,500
4,000,000 (Rehab. Hosp. Cape & Islands), Ser. A,
7 7/8s, 8/15/24 BB/P 4,250,000
1,010,000 (MA Eye & Ear Infirmary), Ser. A, 7 3/8s, 7/1/11 Baa 1,023,888
3,000,000 (New England Baptist Hosp.), Ser. B, 7.3s, 7/1/11 Baa 3,198,750
1,100,000 (Beth Israel Hosp.), Ser. E, 7s, 7/1/14 A 1,156,375
1,185,000 (Norwood Hosp.), Ser. C, 7s, 7/1/14 Ba 1,153,894
2,000,000 (Beth Israel Hosp.), Ser. E, 7s, 7/1/09 A 2,095,000
3,400,000 (Sisters Providence Hlth. Syst), Ser. A,
6 5/8s, 11/15/22 Baa 3,404,250
MA State Indl. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds
5,000,000 (Southeastern MA), Ser. B, 9 1/4s, 7/1/15 BB/P 5,650,000
2,000,000 (Orchard Cove Inc.), 9s, 5/1/22 BB/P 2,397,500
2,835,000 (Mass Tpk.,), 9s, 10/1/20 AAA/P 3,253,163
2,000,000 (1st Mtge. Pioneer Valley Living Ctr.),
7s, 10/1/20 B/P 2,000,240
1,323,784 (1st Mtge. Pioneer Valley Living Ctr.),
zero %, 10/1/20 B/P 1,655
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31,667,215
Michigan (7.3%)
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4,340,000 Detroit, Loc. Dev. Fin. Auth. Tax Increment Rev.
Bonds, Ser. A, 8.72s, 5/1/21 BBB/P 5,283,950
4,780,000 Highland Park,Hosp. Fin. Auth. Fac. Rev. Bonds
(MI Hlth. Care Corp.), Ser. A, 9 7/8s, 12/1/19
(In Default) + Caa 860,400
MI State Hosp. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
3,000,000 (Detroit-Macomb Hosp. Corp.), Ser. A,
7.4s, 6/1/13 BB 3,013,770
4,905,000 (Pontiac Osteopathic Hosp.), Ser. A, 6s, 2/1/14 Baa 4,831,425
MI State Strategic Fund Ltd. Oblig. Rev. Bonds
6,685,000 (Env. Research), 8 1/8s, 10/1/14 A/P 7,286,650
4,000,000 (Blue Wtr. Fiber), 8s, 1/1/12 D/P 2,680,000
3,000,000 (Ford Motor Co.), Ser. A, 7.1s, 2/1/06 A 3,453,750
8,000,000 Midland Cnty., Econ. Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds
(Poll. Ctrl.), Ser. B, 9 1/2s, 7/23/09 B/P 8,700,000
2,700,000 Pontiac Hosp. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (NOMC
Obligation), 6s, 8/1/18 Baa 2,558,250
6,500,000 Waterford, Econ. Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds
(Canterbury Hlth. Care), 8 3/8s, 7/1/23 B/P 6,751,875
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45,420,070
Minnesota (2.2%)
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1,945,000 Chaska Indl. Dev. Rev. Bonds (Lifecore
Biomedical Inc.), 10 1/4s, 9/1/20 BB/P 2,210,006
5,000,000 MN State Hsg. Fin. Agcy. Single Fam. Rev.
Bonds, Ser. E, 6.85s, 1/1/24 Aa 5,187,500
6,000,000 St. Paul, Hsg. & Hosp. Redev. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Healtheast), Ser. B, 6 5/8s, 11/1/17 Baa 6,127,500
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13,525,006
Mississippi (1.4%)
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Claiborne Cnty., Poll. Ctrl. Rev. Bonds
(Middle South Energy, Inc.)
4,000,000 Ser. C, 9 7/8s, 12/1/14 Ba 4,370,000
4,100,000 Ser. A, 9 1/2s, 12/1/13 BB/P 4,458,750
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8,828,750
Missouri (0.7%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3,800,000 Kansas City, Indl. Dev. Auth. Hlth. Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Park Lane Med. Ctr.), 8 3/4s, 1/1/15 BB/P 4,037,500
Nebraska (2.3%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,000,000 Gage Cnty, Indl. Dev. Rev. Bonds (Hoover
Group Inc.), 8 1/2s, 12/1/07 Ba 2,042,500
NE Investment Fin. Auth. Single Fam. Mtge. IFB
1,900,000 GNMA Coll., 9.271s, 9/15/24 Aaa 2,094,750
1,100,000 Ser. B, GNMA Coll., 11.371s, 3/15/22 Aaa 1,219,625
1,900,000 Ser. B, GNMA Coll., 9.976s, 9/15/23 Aaa 2,030,625
2,150,000 Ser. C, 8.101s, 3/1/20 Aaa 2,160,750
4,660,000 NE Investment Fin. Auth. Single Fam. Mtge. Rev.
Bonds, Ser. 1, MBIA, 8 1/8s, 8/15/38 Aaa 4,840,575
--------------
14,388,825
Nevada (0.7%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4,000,000 Clark Cnty., Indl. Dev. Rev. Bonds (NV Pwr. Co.),
7.8s, 6/1/20 Baa 4,285,000
New Hampshire (0.9%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,190,000 NH Higher Edl. & Hlth. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Alice Peck Day Memorial Hosp.),
9 3/8s, 11/1/20 BB/P 2,387,100
2,800,000 NH State Indl. Dev. Auth. Poll. Control Rev.
Bonds (United Illuminating Co.), Ser. B,
10 3/4s, 10/1/12 Baa 2,944,676
--------------
5,331,776
New Jersey (1.4%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8,000,000 NJ Hlth. Care Fac. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(St. Elizabeth Hosp.), Ser. B, 8 1/4s, 7/1/20 Aaa 8,960,000
New York (4.7%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NY City, G.O. Bonds
560,000 Ser. F, 8 1/4s, 11/15/10 BBB 638,400
6,440,000 Ser. F, Rfdg., 8 1/4s, 11/15/10 AAA 7,414,050
4,925,000 Ser. D, (Group C), 8s, 8/1/18 Aaa 5,583,719
1,800,000 NY City Muni. Wtr. Fin. Auth. Wtr. & Swr.
VRDN, 4 1/4s, 6/15/25 VMIG1 1,800,000
2,300,000 NY State Hsg. Fin. Agcy. VRDN (Normadie
Court I), Ser. B, 4.4s, 4/1/23 VMIG1 2,300,000
5,000,000 Port Auth. NY & NJ G.O. Bonds, Ser. 96,
FGIC, 6.6s, 10/1/23 AAA 5,368,750
6,000,000 Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Auth. Special
Obligation VRDN, FGIC, 4 1/2s, 1/1/24 VMIG1 6,000,000
--------------
29,104,919
Ohio (4.1%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,950,000 Dayton, Special Fac. Rev. Bonds (Emery Air
Freight Corp.), Ser. A, 12 1/2s, 10/1/09 BB/P 2,169,375
20,000,000 OH State Air Quality Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Cleveland Co.), FGIC, 8s, 12/1/13 Aaa 23,075,000
--------------
25,244,375
Oklahoma (1.1%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,910,000 Oklahoma Cnty., Indl. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Epworth Villa), Ser. A, 10 1/4s, 4/1/19 AAA/P 3,241,013
3,500,000 Tulsa Muni. Arpt. Trust Rev. Bonds (American
Airlines, Inc.), 7 3/8s, 12/1/20 Baa 3,727,500
--------------
6,968,513
Pennsylvania (7.1%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4,000,000 Allegheny Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Arpt. Special
Fac. Rev. Bonds (U.S. Air, Inc.), Ser. B,
8 1/2s, 3/1/21 B 4,365,000
1,240,000 Langhorne Manor Boro Higher Ed. Hlth. Auth.
Rev. Bonds (Lower-Bucks Hosp.), 7.35s, 7/1/22 Ba 1,173,350
Montgomery Cnty., Higher Ed. & Hlth.
Auth. Rev. Bonds
2,615,000 (Northwestern Corp.), Ser. A, 8 3/8s, 6/1/04 BBB 2,801,319
1,000,000 (United Hosp. Inc.), 8 1/2s, 11/1/17 Aaa 1,041,920
7,250,000 PA Convention Ctr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, MBIA,
6.7s, 9/1/14 # Aaa 7,947,813
PA Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
7,750,000 (MacMillan Ltd. Partnership), 7.6s, 12/1/20 Baa 8,621,875
7,000,000 (Ponderosa Fibres), Ser. A, 9 1/4s, 1/1/22 B/P 5,993,750
6,000,000 PA State Higher Ed. Assistance Agcy. IFB, Ser. B,
MBIA, 10.941s, 3/1/20 Aaa 6,690,000
5,000,000 Philadelphia, Hosp. & Higher Ed. Fac. Auth. Rev.
Bonds (Graduate Hlth. Syst.), 7 1/4s, 7/1/10 Baa 5,256,250
--------------
43,891,277
South Carolina (0.9%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5,000,000 SC State Hsg. Fin. & Dev. Auth. Multi-Fam. Mtge.
Rev. Bonds, 8 1/2s, 10/1/21 BBB 5,393,750
Tennessee (0.3%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,000,000 Memphis-Shelby Cnty. Arpt. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Federal Express), 6 3/4s, 9/1/12 Baa 2,112,500
Texas (5.2%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5,000,000 Alliance, Arpt. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Federal
Express Corp.), 6 3/8s, 4/1/21 Baa 5,006,250
3,000,000 Alliance, Arpt. Auth. Special Fac. Rev. Bonds
(American Airlines, Inc.), 7 1/2s, 12/1/29 Baa 3,206,250
3,850,000 Amarillo, Hlth. Fac. Hosp. Corp. IFB (High Plains
Baptist Hosp.), FSA, 9.271s, 1/3/22 Aaa 4,235,000
Bexar Cnty., Hlth. Fac. Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds
3,170,000 (Heartway Corp.), Ser. A-1, 10 1/4s, 3/1/19
(In Default) + CCC/P 2,599,400
3,200,000 (St. Luke's Lutheran Hosp.), 7.9s, 5/1/11 AAA/P 3,676,000
7,250,000 Brazos River, Poll. Control Auth. Rev. Bonds
(TX Utils. Elec. Co.), Ser. A, 7 7/8s, 3/1/21 Baa 7,911,563
5,495,000 Texas State Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A,
5.9s, 10/1/12 Aa 5,666,711
--------------
32,301,174
Utah (2.6%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15,350,000 Intermountain Pwr. Agcy. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B,
AMBAC, 7 3/4s, 7/1/20 A 16,155,875
Virginia (1.0%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5,400,000 Fredericksburg, Indl. Dev. Auth. Hosp. Fac. IFB,
FGIC, 9.195s, 8/15/23 Aaa 6,351,750
Washington (3.5%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11,500,000 Port Walla Walla Pub. Corp. Solid Waste
Recycling Rev. Bonds (Ponderosa Fibres),
9 1/8s, 1/1/26 B/P 10,120,000
WA State Pub. Pwr. Supply Syst. Rev. Bonds
6,315,000 (Nuclear Pwr., No. 1), Ser. A, 7 1/2s, 7/1/15 Aa 6,812,306
5,000,000 (Nuclear Pwr., No. 2), Ser. A, AMBAC,
5.6s, 7/1/09 Aaa 5,012,500
--------------
21,944,806
West Virginia (0.6%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3,500,000 Randolph Cnty. Rev. Bonds (Davis Memorial Hosp.),
Ser. A, 7.65s, 11/1/21 Baa 3,745,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Investments (cost $597,771,026) *** $613,519,400
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $619,525,840.
+ Non-income-producing security.
** The Moody's or Standard & Poor's ratings indicated are believed to
be the most recent ratings available at April 30, 1997 for the
securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the
time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such
ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not
necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these
securities at April 30, 1997. Securities rated by Putnam are indicated
by "/P" and are not publicly rated.
The table below shows the percentage of the fund's investment on April
30, 1997 in securities assigned to various rating categories by Moody's
and Standard & Poor's and in unrated securities determined by Putnam
Management to be of comparable quality.
<CAPTION>
Fund rated securities of comparable
Rated securities as a percentage quality as a percentage
Rating of fund's net assets of fund's net assets
<S> <C> <C>
AAA/Aaa 29.3% 2.4%
AA/Aa 5.9 --
A/A 4.2 1.2
BBB/Baa 27.2 4.0
BB/Ba 2.7 6.2
B/B 1.4 10.1
Caa/CCC 0.1 0.4
Ca/CC -- --
C -- --
D -- 0.7
A-1/VMIGI 3.2 --
-------- --------
74.0% 25.0%
======== ========
[DBL. DAGGER] Restricted, excluding 144A securities, as to public resale. The total
market value of restricted securities held at April 30, 1997 was
$13,164,375 or 2.1% of net assets.
# A portion of this security was pledged and segregated with the
custodian to cover margin requirements for futures contracts at April
30, 1997. The market value of this security is $7,947,813 or 1.3% of net
assets.
*** The aggregate identified cost on a tax basis is $597,791,738,
resulting in gross unrealized appreciation and depreciation of
$27,769,719 and $12,042,057, respectively, or net unrealized
appreciation of $15,727,662.
The rates shown on IFB and IF COP, which are securities paying interest
rates that vary inversely to changes in the market interest rates, and
VRDN's are the current interest rates at April 30, 1997.
The fund had the following industry group concentrations greater than
10% at April 30, 1997 (as a percentage of net assets):
Health care 25.7%
Utilities 19.5
Transportation 17.7
The fund had the following insurance concentration greater than 10% at
April 30, 1997 Report (as a percentage of net assets):
MBIA 13.5%
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Futures Contracts Outstanding at April 30, 1997 (Unaudited)
(aggregate face value $21,713,126)
Unrealized
Aggregate Face Expiration Appreciation/
Total Value Value Date (Depreciation)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
20 year Treasury Bond
Future (Long) $16,392,188 16,082,813 Jun 97 $309,375
Muni Index Future
(Short) 5,718,750 5,630,313 Jun 97 (88,437)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$220,938
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Statement of assets and liabilities
April 30,1997 (Unaudited)
<S> <C>
Assets
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investments in securities, at value
(identified cost $597,771,026) (Note 1) $613,519,400
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash 70,100
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest and other receivable 12,922,664
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Receivable for securities sold 10,245,792
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Receivable for variation margin 32,813
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets 636,790,769
Liabilities
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributions payable to shareholders 2,899,159
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Payable for securities purchased 13,105,420
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2) 1,020,737
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Payable for investor servicing and custodian fees (Note 2) 44,686
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Payable for compensation of Trustees (Note 2) 13,837
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Payable for administrative services (Note 2) 956
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other accrued expenses 180,134
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities 17,264,929
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net assets $619,525,840
Represented by
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Series A, B, and C remarketed preferred shares (8,000 shares
authorized, 1,750 shares issued and outstanding at $100,000
per share) (Note 4) $175,000,000
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paid-in capital -- common shares (Unlimited shares authorized)
(Note 1) $421,731,219
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Undistributed net investment income (Note 1) 15,206,091
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accumulated net realized loss on investments
(Note 1) (8,159,844)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net unrealized appreciation of investments 15,748,374
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total -- Representing net assets applicable to
capital shares outstanding $619,525,840
Computation of net asset value
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Series A, B, and C remarketed preferred shares $175,000,000
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cumulative undeclared dividends on remarketed preferred shares 96,875
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net assets allocated to remarketed preferred
shares -- liquidation preference $175,096,875
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net assets available to common shares $444,428,965
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net asset value per common share
($444,428,965 divided by 45,656,598 shares) $9.73
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Statement of operations
Six months ended April 30,1997 (Unaudited)
<S> <C>
Tax exempt interest income: $21,800,747
Expenses:
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compensation of Manager (Note 2) 2,078,669
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investor servicing and custodian fees (Note 2) 180,367
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compensation of Trustees (Note 2) 20,319
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Administrative services (Note 2) 5,505
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reports to shareholders 44,139
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Auditing 33,739
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Legal 12,719
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Postage 50,549
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exchange listing fees 20,445
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other 81,838
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preferred share remarketing agent fees 238,196
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total expenses 2,766,485
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expense reduction (Note 2) (46,066)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net expenses 2,720,419
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income 19,080,328
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net realized loss on investments (Notes 1 and 3) (3,684,138)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net realized gain on futures contracts (Note 1) 57,310
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net unrealized depreciation of investments and futures during the period (188,988)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss on investments (3,815,816)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations $15,264,512
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Statement of changes in net assets
Six months ended Year ended
April 30 October 31
1997* 1996
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Decrease in net assets
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operations:
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income $ 19,080,328 $ 39,136,095
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net realized gain (loss) on investments (3,626,828) 3,872,103
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net unrealized depreciation
of investments (188,988) (13,084,238)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations 15,264,512 29,923,960
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributions to remarketed preferred shareholders
from net investment income (3,079,717) (6,326,188)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations
applicable to common shareholders (excluding
cumulative undeclared dividends on remarketed
preferred shares of $96,875 and $106,169, respectively) 12,184,795 23,597,772
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributions to common shareholders
from net investment income (17,362,306) (34,469,622)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issuance of common shares in connection
with reinvestment of distributions 2,137,225 4,983,757
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total decrease in net assets (3,040,286) (5,888,093)
Net Assets
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beginning of period 622,566,126 628,454,219
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of period (including undistributed net investment
income of $15,206,091 and $16,567,786, respectively) $619,525,840 $622,566,126
Number of fund shares
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common shares outstanding at beginning of period 45,450,073 44,961,926
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common shares issued in connection with
reinvestment of distributions 206,525 488,147
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common shares outstanding at end of period 45,656,598 45,450,073
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remarketed preferred shares outstanding at
beginning and end of period 1,750 1,750
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Unaudited
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Financial highlights
(For a share outstanding throughout the period)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Six months
ended
Per-share April 30
operating performance (Unaudited) Year ended October 31
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net asset value,
beginning of period
(common shares) $9.85 $10.08 $9.49 $10.88 $9.81 $9.44
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment operations
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net investment income .42 .86 .90 .94 .98 1.01
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net realized and unrealized
gain (loss) on investments (.09) (.19) .60 (1.37) 1.04 .26
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total from
investment operations .33 .67 1.50 (.43) 2.02 1.27
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributions to shareholders:
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From net
investment income
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To preferred shareholders (.07) (.14) (.15) (.11) (.11) (.14)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To common shareholders (.38) (.76) (.76) (.76) (.76) (.76)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From net realized gain
on investments
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To common shareholders -- -- -- (.09) (.08) --
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total distributions (.45) (.90) (.91) (.96) (.95) (.90)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net asset value,
end of period
(common shares) $9.73 $9.85 $10.08 $9.49 $10.88 $9.81
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Market value,
end of period
(common shares) $10.88 $10.88 $10.63 $9.25 $11.38 $9.88
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ratios and supplemental data
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total investment return
at market value
(common shares) (%)(a) 3.72 10.26 24.23 (11.56) 24.84 6.72
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net assets, end of period
(total fund) (in thousands) $619,526 $622,566 $628,454 $596,992 $652,660 $600,849
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ratio of expenses to
average net assets (%)(b)(c) .62 1.24 1.20 1.23 1.22 1.24
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ratio of net investment income
to average net assets (%)(b) 3.59 7.31 7.70 9.20 8.44 8.94
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portfolio turnover rate (%) 5.82 78.92 79.71 48.40 35.16 67.72
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) Total investment return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effects of sales charges.
(b) Ratios reflect net assets available to common shares only; net investment income ratio also reflects
reduction for dividend payments to preferred shareholders.
(c) The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the year ended October 31, 1995 and thereafter
includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements. Prior period ratios
exclude these amounts.(Note 2)
</TABLE>
Notes to financial statements
April 30, 1997 (Unaudited)
Note 1
Significant accounting policies
Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust (the "fund") is registered under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a diversified, closed-end
management investment company. The fund's investment objective is to seek a
high level of current income exempt from federal income tax. The fund intends
to achieve its objective by investing in a diversified portfolio of tax-exempt
municipal securities which Putnam believes does not involve undue risk to
income or principal. Up to 50% of the fund's assets may consist of high-yield
tax-exempt municipal securities that are below investment grade and involve
special risk considerations. The fund also uses leverage by issuing preferred
shares in an effort to increase the income to the common shares.
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently
followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The
preparation of financial statements is in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles and requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
A) Security valuation Tax-exempt bonds and notes are stated on the basis of
valuations provided by a pricing service, approved by the Trustees, which uses
information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond
dealers, market transactions in comparable securities and various
relationships between securities in determining value. The fair value of
restricted securities is determined by the Putnam Investment Management, Inc.
("Putnam Management"), the fund's manager, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam
Investments, Inc. following procedures approved by the Trustees, and such
valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by Trustees.
B) Determination of net asset value Net asset value of the common shares is
determined by dividing the value of all assets of the fund (including accrued
interest and dividends), less all liabilities (including accrued expenses) and
the liquidation preference of any outstanding remarketed preferred shares, by
the total number of common shares outstanding.
C) Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions
are accounted for on the trade date (date the order to buy or sell is
executed). Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis.
D) Futures and options contracts The fund may use futures and options
contracts to hedge against changes in the values of securities the fund owns
or expects to purchase. The fund may also write options on securities it owns
or in which it may invest to increase its current returns.
The potential risk to the fund is that the change in value of futures and
options contracts may not correspond to the change in value of the hedged
instruments. In addition, losses may arise from changes in the value of the
underlying instruments, if there is an illiquid secondary market for the
contracts, or if the counterparty to the contract is unable to perform.
Futures contracts are valued at the quoted daily settlement prices established
by the exchange on which they trade. Exchange traded options are valued at the
last sale price, or if no sales are reported, the last bid price for purchased
options and the last ask price for written options. Options traded
over-the-counter are valued using prices supplied by dealers.
E) Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its taxable
income within the prescribed time and otherwise comply with the provisions of
the Internal Revenue Code applicable to regulated investment companies. It is
also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid
imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended. Therefore, no provision has been made for federal taxes
on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for
excise tax on income and capital gains.
At October 31, 1996, the fund had a capital loss carryover of approximately
$2,415,000 available to offset future capital gains, if any. The amount of the
carryover and the expiration dates are:
Loss Carryover Expiration
- -------------- ------------
$2,094,000 October 31, 2002
$ 321,000 October 31, 2003
F) Distributions to shareholders Distributions to common and preferred
shareholders are recorded by the fund on the ex-dividend date. Dividends on
remarketed preferred shares become payable when, as and if declared by the
Trustees. Each dividend period for the remarketed preferred shares is
generally a 28 day period for Series A and B, and a 7 day period for Series C.
The applicable dividend rate for the remarketed preferred shares on April
30, 1997 was Series A 3.750%, Series B 3.713% and Series C 4.100%. The amount
and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in
accordance with income tax regulations which may differ from generally
accepted accounting principles. Reclassifications are made to the fund's
capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or
available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations.
G) Amortization of bond premium and accretion of bond discount Any premium
resulting from the purchase of securities in excess of maturity value is
amortized on a yield-to-maturity basis. The premium in excess of the call
price, if any, is amortized to the call date; thereafter, the remaining excess
premium is amortized to maturity. Discounts on zero coupon bonds, original
issue discount, stepped-coupon bonds and payment in kind bonds are accreted
according to the effective yield method.
Note 2
Management fee, administrative services and other transactions
Compensation of Putnam Management, for management and investment advisory
services is paid quarterly based on the weekly average net assets of the fund.
Such fee is based on the following annual rates: 0.70% of the first $500
million, 0.60% of the next $500 million, 0.55% of the next $500 million and
0.50% of any amount over $1.5 billion.
If dividends payable on remarketed preferred shares during any dividend
payment period plus any expenses attributable to remarketed preferred shares
for that period exceed the fund's net income attributable to the proceeds of
the remarketed preferred shares during that period, then the fee payable to
Putnam Management for that period will be reduced by the amount of the excess
(but not more than .70% of the liquidation preference of the remarketed
preferred shares outstanding during the period).
The fund reimburses Putnam Management for the compensation and related
expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide
administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such
reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.
Custodial functions for the fund's assets are provided by Putnam Fiduciary
Trust Company (PFTC), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, Inc.
Investor servicing agent functions are provided by Putnam Investor Services, a
division of PFTC.
For the six months ended April 30, 1997, fund expenses were reduced by $46,066
under expense offset arrangements with PFTC. Investor servicing and custodian
fees reported in the Statement of operations exclude these credits. The fund
could have invested a portion of the assets utilized in connection with the
expense offset arrangements in an income producing asset if it had not entered
into such arrangements.
Trustees of the fund receive an annual Trustees fee of $810 and an additional
fee for each Trustee's meeting attended. Trustees who are not interested
persons of Putnam Management and who serve on committees of the Trustees
receive additional fees for attendance at certain committee meetings.
The fund adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the "Plan") which allows the
Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees Fees payable on
or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain in the fund and are invested
in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Plan.
The Fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan
covering all Trustees of the Fund who have served as Trustee for at least five
years. Benefits under the plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee's average total
retainer and meeting fees for the three years preceding retirement. Pension
expense for the fund is included in Trustee fees in the Statement of
operations for the period ended April 30, 1997. Accrued pension liability is
included in Payable for compensation of Trustees in the Statement of assets
and liabilities.
Note 3
Purchase and sales of securities
During the six months ended April 30, 1997, purchases and sales of investment
securities other than short-term investments aggregated $34,792,553 and
$47,150,794, respectively. There were no purchases and sales of U.S.
government obligations. In determining the net gain or loss on securities
sold, the cost of securities has been determined on the identified cost basis.
Note 4
Remarketed preferred shares
The Series A(550), B(550) and C(650) shares are redeemable at the option of
the fund on any dividend payment date at a redemption price of $100,000 per
share, plus an amount equal to any dividends accumulated on a daily basis but
unpaid through the redemption date (whether or not such dividends have been
declared) and, in certain circumstances, a call premium.
It is anticipated that dividends paid to holders of remarketed preferred
shares will be considered tax-exempt dividends under the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986. To the extent that the fund earns taxable income and capital gains by
the conclusion of a fiscal year, it will be required to apportion to the
holders of the remarketed preferred shares throughout that year additional
dividends as necessary to result in an after-tax equivalent to the applicable
dividend rate for the period.
Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, the fund is required to maintain
asset coverage of at least 200% with respect to the remarketed preferred
shares as of the last business day of each month in which any such shares are
outstanding. Additionally, the fund is required to meet more stringent asset
coverage requirements under terms of the remarketed preferred shares and the
shares' rating agencies. Should these requirements not be met, or should
dividends accrued on the remarketed preferred shares not be paid, the fund may
be restricted in its ability to declare dividends to common shareholders or
may be required to redeem certain of the remarketed preferred shares. At April
30, 1997, no such restrictions have been placed on the fund.
Fund information
INVESTMENT MANAGER
Putnam Investment
Management, Inc.
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
MARKETING SERVICES
Putnam Mutual Funds Corp.
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
CUSTODIAN
Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company
LEGAL COUNSEL
Ropes & Gray
TRUSTEES
George Putnam, Chairman
William F. Pounds, Vice Chairman
Jameson Adkins Baxter
Hans H. Estin
John A. Hill
Ronald J. Jackson
Elizabeth T. Kennan
Lawrence J. Lasser
Robert E. Patterson
Donald S. Perkins
George Putnam, III
A.J.C. Smith
W. Nicholas Thorndike
OFFICERS
George Putnam
President
Charles E. Porter
Executive Vice President
Patricia C. Flaherty
Senior Vice President
John D. Hughes
Senior Vice President and Treasurer
Lawrence J. Lasser
Vice President
Gordon H. Silver
Vice President
Gary N. Coburn
Vice President
William J. Curtin
Vice President
Jerome J. Jacobs
Vice President
Richard P. Wyke
Vice President and Fund Manager
William N. Shiebler
Vice President
John R. Verani
Vice President
Paul M. O'Neil
Vice President
Beverly Marcus
Clerk and Assistant Treasurer
Call 1-800-225-1581 weekdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Eastern Time for up-to-date
information about the fund's NAV.
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PUTNAM INVESTMENTS
The Putnam Funds
One Post Office Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
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Bulk Rate
U.S. Postage
PAID
Putnam
Investments
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33883-052 6/97
