SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
[ ] REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 0-17601
BONSO ELECTRONICS INTERNATIONAL INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
British Virgin Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Flat A-D, 8th Floor
Universal Industrial Centre
23-25 Shan Mei Street
Fo Tan, Shatin
New Territories, Hong Kong
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act: NONE
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: COMMON STOCK,
PAR VALUE $.003; WARRANTS TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section
15(d) of the Act: NONE
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the Issuer's classes
of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report: 2,828,562 shares of Common Stock, $0.003 par value, at March 31, 1998.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (i) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (ii) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the Registrant has elected
to follow:
Item 17 [ ] Item 18 [X]
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Item 1. Description of Business. 1
Item 2. Description of Property. 18
Item 3. Legal Proceedings. 19
Item 4. Control of Registrant. 20
Item 5. Nature of Trading Market. 20
Item 6. Exchange Controls and Other Limitations Affecting Security
Holders. 22
Item 7. Taxation. 22
Item 8. Selected Financial Data. 23
Item 9. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations. 25
Item 10. Directors and Officers of Registrant. 32
Item 11. Compensation of Directors and Officers. 34
Item 12. Options to Purchase Securities from Registrant or Subsidiaries. 36
Item 13. Interest of Management in Certain Transactions. 37
Item 14. Description of Securities to be Registered. 37
Item 15. Defaults Upon Senior Securities. 37
Item 16. Changes in Securities and Changes in Security for Registered
Securities. 38
Item 17. Financial Statements. 38
Item 18. Financial Statements. 38
Item 19. Financial Statements and Exhibits. 38
This Annual Report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements. These
statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause
actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the
forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include,
but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled "Special Risk
Factors" under Item 1 - "Description of Business."
Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements,
which reflect management's view only as of the date of this Report. The Company
undertakes no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to
reflect subsequent events or circumstances. Readers should also carefully review
the risk factors described in other documents the Company files from time to
time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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PART I
------
As used in this Annual Report, "China" refers to all parts of the People's
Republic of China other than the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong. The
term "Company" refers to Bonso Electronics International Inc. and, where the
context so requires or suggests, its direct and indirect subsidiaries.
Item 1. Description of Business.
- --------------------------------
Overview
Bonso Electronics International Inc. was incorporated on August 8, 1988 as
a limited liability International Business Company under the laws of the British
Virgin Islands to serve as a holding company for the Company's operating
subsidiary, which was formed in 1980. As an International Business Company, the
Company is prohibited from doing business with persons resident in the British
Virgin Islands, owning real estate in the British Virgin Islands or acting as a
bank or insurance company. The Company was incorporated in the British Virgin
Islands principally to facilitate trading in its securities. The government of
Hong Kong imposes a stamp duty on the transfer of securities of Hong Kong
corporations. No such duty is imposed by the British Virgin Islands, and the
Company is also exempt from income tax in the British Virgin Islands. The
Company's corporate administrative matters are conducted through its registered
agent, HWR Services Limited, P.O. Box 71, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin
Islands. The Company's principal executive offices are located at Flat A-D, 8th
Floor, Universal Industrial Centre, 23-25 Shan Mei Street, Fo Tan, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong. Its telephone number is 852-2605-5822, its facsimile
number is 852-2691-1724 and its E-mail address is http//[email protected].
The Company designs, develops, manufactures and sells a comprehensive line
of electronic scales and weighing instruments and electronic consumer and health
care products. The Company's electronic scales include bathroom, kitchen,
office, jewelry, laboratory, pocket, hanging, postal, industrial and parcel
scales that are used in consumer, commercial and industrial applications. The
Company's electronic consumer and health care products include bicycle
computers, pedometers, joysticks, electronic thermometers and blood pressure
meters.
The Company also plans to enter the field of digital telecommunications.
The Company's first telecommunications product, which is currently under
development, is a 900MHz ISM Band cordless telephone, and management anticipates
that the prototype of this product will be completed in early calendar year
1999. Future products which management plans to develop include a 2.4GHz Band
cordless telephone and products in the home security and controls market. There
can be no assurance, however, that development of any of these products will be
successfully completed.
The Company has two wholly-owned Hong Kong subsidiaries - Bonso Electronics
Limited ("Bonso Electronics"), which is mainly responsible for the design,
development, manufacture and sale of the Company's products, and Bonso Advanced
Technology Limited (formerly, Bonso Optical Instruments Limited), which is
developing the Company's proposed cordless telephone. Bonso Electronics has one
active Hong Kong subsidiary - Bonso Investment Limited ("BIL"), which has been
used to acquire and hold the Company s real estate investments in Hong Kong and
China.
The Company has manufactured all of its products in China since 1989 in
order to take advantage of lower overhead costs and competitive labor rates
available there. In January 1997, the Company completed a new, larger
manufacturing facility in the DaYang Synthetical Development District in
Shenzhen, China, which has approximately tripled the Company's production
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capacity. The leasehold, facilities, machinery, furniture and equipment at that
facility are owned and operated by Bonso Electronics (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd.
("Shenzhen Bonso"), a 100% Company-owned Chinese limited liability company which
was formed in June 1994. The location of the Company's factory in Shenzhen, only
about 50 miles from Hong Kong, permits the Company to manage easily
manufacturing operations from Hong Kong, and facilitates transportation of the
Company's products out of China through the port of Hong Kong.
Business Strategy
The Company has experienced dramatic growth since 1994 with net sales
increasing from $12,548,770 in 1994 to $23,715,576 in the fiscal year ended
March 31, 1998, and profitability increasing from net income of $1,023,821 in
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1994 to net income of $2,274,645 in the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1998. Management believes that the Company's continued
growth depends on its ability to strengthen its customer base by enhancing and
diversifying its products, increasing the number of customers and expanding into
additional markets, while maintaining or increasing sales of its products to
existing customers. The Company's continued growth and profitability is also
dependent upon its ability to control production costs and increase production
capacity. The Company's strategy to achieve these goals is as follows:
Product Enhancement and Diversification. The Company continually seeks to
improve and enhance its existing products in order to provide a longer product
life-cycle and to meet increasing customer demands for additional features. The
Company's research and development staff are currently working on such projects
as redesigning the existing pedometer, bicycle computer and blood pressure
monitor, expanding the health care line and attempting to make the Company's
products more competitive in price and features, as well as developing new
products such as a series of low profile body scales, a generic LCD scale and a
new pocket scale. During the last fiscal year, the Company has completed
development of a built-in kitchen scale, a built-in bathroom scale, a waterproof
thermometer and a palm-top scale.
The Company intends to enter the field of digital telecommunications
through the development of its cordless telephone. Management believes that
other potential opportunities for the Company in this field include the
development of products in the home security and controls market. In addition,
the Company has, in varying stages of development, a bicycle accelerator,
chronograph and ear protector, which are being developed to the specifications
of OEM customers. See "Products," below.
Maintaining and Expanding Business Relations with Existing Customers. The
Company promotes its relationships with its significant customers through
regular communication with them, visits to its customers in their home countries
and by providing direct access to the Company's manufacturing and quality
control personnel. This access, together with the Company's concern for quality,
has resulted in a relatively low level of defective products. Moreover,
management believes that the Company's emphasis on timely delivery, good service
and low cost has contributed and will continue to contribute to good relations
with its customers and increased orders. Further, management of the Company
solicits suggestions from its customers for product enhancement and will develop
and incorporate the enhancements suggested by its customers into its products
when feasible.
Market Expansion. In 1997, the Company expanded its marketing efforts in
the United States and Europe. Management intends to continue increasing its
marketing efforts with the use of its Web page and mailing product brochures. In
addition, the Company intends to increase the frequency of its direct and
telemarketing contacts with both existing and potential customers.
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Controlling Production Costs. In 1989, recognizing that labor cost is a
major factor permitting effective competition in the consumer electronic
products industry, the Company relocated all of its manufacturing operations to
China to take advantage of the large available pool of relatively inexpensive
manufacturing labor. The Company has made an effort to locate and operate its
manufacturing facilities consistent with the exigencies of manufacturing in
China. For example, the location of the Company's plant in China is in close
proximity, approximately 50 miles, to Hong Kong thereby facilitating
transportation of the Company's products to markets outside of China.
The Company is currently attempting to control production costs by such
means as redesigning its existing scales in order to decrease material and labor
costs, controlling the number of employees, increasing the efficiency of workers
by providing regular training and tools and redesigning the flow of the
production line.
Increasing Production Capacity. Since January 1997, the Company's products
have been manufactured at the Company's new manufacturing facility in the DaYang
Synthetical Development District in Shenzhen, China. This new facility has
triple the capacity of the Company's old manufacturing plant. The floor area of
this new facility is not fully utilized and the unused space is intended to be
used for production of the proposed telecommunication products. Although
management believes that the remaining space will be adequate, in the event that
the existing floor area is not adequate for the Company's increased production
needs, the Company may need to lease an additional building. Additional
machinery and equipment will be needed for production of the Company's cordless
telephone, which is currently under development, as well as additional workers
and staff personnel. Management believes that it will be able to obtain
additional funds to finance these activities from several sources.
Products
The following table sets forth the percentage of net sales of each of the
Company's product lines for the fiscal years ended March 31, 1997 and 1998.
Year ended March 31,
--------------------
Product Line 1997 1998
------------ ---- ----
Scales 70% 77%
Health care products 16 13
Electronic consumer products 4 3
Other products and services 10 7
--- ---
Total 100% 100%
Scales
The Company's weighing equipment ranges from the simplest spring scales to
high precision electronic scales that translate weight readings into
corresponding price and postage calculations.
All of the Company's electronic scales use a strain gauge sensor, which
management believes is one of the most reliable and accurate weight sensing
systems currently available. A strain gauge sensor is a thin metal foil resistor
which is bonded to a metal block, and which undergoes a change in electrical
resistance as weight is loaded onto the metal block. The measurement of change
in electrical resistance yields a measure of the applied weight.
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The Company offers a variety of scales for diverse consumer, commercial and
industrial applications. Scales currently offered by the Company include
bathroom, kitchen, office, jewelry, laboratory, pocket, hanging, postal,
industrial and parcel scales. The following table sets forth the net sales of
each type of scale as a percentage of total scale sales for the fiscal years
ended March 31, 1997 and 1998:
Year ended March 31,
--------------------
Type of Scale 1997 1998
------------- ---- ----
Postal and office 39% 45%
Kitchen 19 6
Jewelry and laboratory 15 18
Bathroom 10 14
Pocket and hanging 10 11
Industrial and parcel 7 6
Mechanical 0 0
--- ---
Total scale sales 100% 100%
The Company's electronic scales offer many advanced features such as a
talking feature, automatic power off, automatic range, audio signal, digital
auto-calibration, automatic zero tracking and multiple measuring units. The
scales are built with either metal or plastic housings and come in various
models and case designs. The Company's scales are described in more detail
below.
Postal Scales. The Company's postal scales are used primarily by businesses
for weighing letters and parcels of up to 2,000 grams (4.4 lbs.) and are
accurate to 1 gram. Postal scales are calibrated to give postal or franking cost
for the various classes of delivery service available to various destinations.
The scales are marketed primarily in Europe and the United States and are
customized for the postal system of the country of destination.
Office Scales. The Company sells several models of office scales with
capacities ranging from 2,000 grams (4.4 lbs.) to 5,000 grams (11 lbs.), and the
scales are accurate to 1 gram. The scales are used in offices to weigh small
packages and letters. The Company's office scales are sold principally in the
United States, Europe, Australia, Hong Kong and China.
Kitchen Scales. The Company's kitchen scales are used in households and
restaurants to weigh ingredients for cooking and portions for dieting, with
capacities ranging from 1,000 grams (2.2 lbs.) to 5,000 grams (11 lbs.), and the
scales are accurate to 1 gram. The Company's kitchen scales are marketed
principally in the United States and Europe.
Jewelry and Laboratory Scales. Jewelry and laboratory scales are used to
weigh precious metals and stones. In the laboratory, the scales are used to
weigh various chemicals and chemical compounds. The Company's jewelry and
laboratory scales are principally sold in the United States and Europe. The
capacities of these scales range from 120 grams (0.25 lb.) to 1,200 grams (2.6
lbs.), and these scales are accurate to 0.01 gram or 0.1 gram, respectively.
Bathroom Scales. The Company's bathroom scales are used by consumers to
monitor weight, with capacities up to 150 kilograms (330 lbs.). The Company's
bathroom scales are marketed primarily in the United States, Europe and Japan.
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Pocket and Hanging Scales. Pocket and hanging scales are small electronic
scales that can be carried by a business person in his or her attache or brief
case. The capacities of the Company's pocket scales range from 80 grams (2.8
oz.) to 250 grams (8.8 oz.), and the scales are accurate to 0.1 gram. The
hanging scales range from 15 kilograms (33 lbs.) to 25 kilograms (55 lbs.), and
the scales are accurate to 10 grams. The pocket scales are principally used in
the jewelry business for weighing low value metals and stones and the hanging
scales are primarily used in fishing. The Company's pocket and hanging scales
are marketed primarily in the United States and Europe.
Industrial/Parcel Scales. The Company manufactures different models of
industrial/parcel scales, which are used in business or industry to weigh
heavier parcels or objects (i.e., objects whose weight exceeds the capacity of
the Company's office scales). Industrial/parcel scales have a capacity ranging
from 25 kilograms (55 lbs.) to 150 kilograms (330 lbs.). The Company's
industrial/parcel scales are marketed primarily in Europe.
Health Care Products
Electronic Thermometers. The Company's electronic thermometers, which
include both fahrenheit and centigrade versions, measure body temperature. The
Company's electronic thermometer is classified as a medical device under United
States law. Medical devices are required to be approved by the United States
Food and Drug Administration (the FDA) prior to being marketed, unless the law
provides a legal exemption from such approval. The Company's electronic
thermometer has received pre-market approval from the FDA. Sales of electronic
thermometers were approximately 15% of the Company's net sales in the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1997, and 10% of net sales in the fiscal year ended March
31, 1998.
Blood Pressure Meters. The Company introduced electronic blood pressure
meters to its line of products in November 1994. The Company's electronic blood
pressure meters have digital displays for highest blood pressure (systolic),
lowest blood pressure (diastolic) and pulse rate (number of pulses per minute),
as well as mean blood pressure. The meters have automatic power off, automatic
pressure release, manual rubber bulb pump and many other standard features. The
Company has obtained FDA approval for marketing blood pressure meters in the
United States. Sales of blood pressure meters were approximately 1% of the
Company's net sales in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, and 3% of net sales
in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998 .
Electronic Consumer Products
Pedometers. The Company began shipping electronic pedometers in 1993. A
pedometer is worn by a walker or jogger to measure the distance traveled by
recording the steps taken. The Company's pedometer can be adjusted for varying
stride lengths, and will keep track of distance traveled, elapsed time and
average speed. Sales of pedometers were approximately 2.9% of the Company's net
sales in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, and 0.7% of net sales in the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1998.
Joysticks. The Company is manufacturing three models of joysticks for one
OEM customer. The Company began manufacturing joysticks in October 1995. Sales
of joysticks were approximately 0.7% of the Company's net sales in the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1997, and 1.9% of net sales in the fiscal year ended March
31, 1998.
Bicycle Computers. The Company introduced its first bicycle computer in
1990. A bicycle computer is a device that will give a cyclist his instant speed,
distance traveled, average speed and elapsed or trip time. The Company's bicycle
computer is battery operated, water resistant and includes a clock, a timer and
a compact LCD readout. The Company markets two models of its bicycle computer -
one under its own name and one through OEMs. The bicycle computer is marketed
mainly in Europe. Sales of the Company's bicycle computers were approximately
0.1% of the Company's net sales in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, and
0.014% of net sales in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998.
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Proposed Digital Telecommunications Products
The Company is developing a cordless telephone which represents its entry
into the field of digital telecommunications. The Company's first
telecommunications product, which is currently under development, is a 900MHz
ISM Band cordless telephone which uses a frequency hopping spread spectrum
technique for radio propagation. The software, which is being developed by a
German company under contract with the Company, is TDMA and TDD, providing
superior performance and distance. Management anticipates that the prototype of
this product will be completed in early calendar year 1999. Total costs for
development of this product are expected to be approximately $900,000.
Management anticipates that the core development of this product will be usable
for a universal cordless telephone through adjustment of power output and
frequency band.
Future digital telecommunications products which management plans to
develop include a 2.4GHz Band cordless telephone and products in the home
security and controls market. There can be no assurance, however, that
development of any of these products will be successfully completed.
Other Products and Services
The Company also receives revenue from customer funded research and
development for products subsequently produced and sold to them, the sale of
semi completed units and the sale of spare parts for repair work by its
customers and from repair work performed by the Company for its customers.
During the fiscal years ended March 31, 1997 and 1998, these revenues
constituted approximately 10% and 7.3% of net sales, respectively.
Product Development, Design and Research
The major responsibility of the product design and research and development
personnel is to develop and produce designs to the satisfaction of and in
accordance with the specifications provided by the OEMs. Management believes its
engineering and product development capabilities are important to the future
success of the Company's business. Some of the Company's product design,
research and development activities are customer funded and are initiated under
verbal agreements with specific customers for specific products. The Company has
successfully lowered its costs for its research and development team by moving
most research and development activities to its facility in China and
principally employing Chinese engineers and technicians at costs that are
substantially lower than would be required in Hong Kong.
At March 31, 1998, the Company employed two individuals in Hong Kong and 20
individuals in China on its engineering staff, who are at various times engaged
in research and development. The Company has also contracted with a firm in
Germany to develop the software for a new product being developed by the
Company. The Company spent $122,263 and $158,706 on research and development
during the fiscal years ended March 31, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
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The Company has commenced developing a cordless telephone, is in the final
stages of developing an ear protector and has recently commenced production of a
chronograph. In addition, the Company has recently completed development of a
bicycle accelerator and is awaiting approval of that product by the Japanese
government.
Manufacturing
The Company currently manufactures and assembles all of its products in
China. Generally, raw materials, electronic components and other parts are
transported to the Company's manufacturing plant in China where the finished
products are assembled. The finished goods are then transported back to Hong
Kong for sale by the Company.
The Company manufactures some of its own components, metal parts and
casings and plastic parts at its facility in China. In 1997, the Company
commenced manufacturing its own strain gauges, and it currently produces
approximately 80% of the strain gauges utilized in its scales. Management
believes that the Company will realize a substantial cost saving from producing
its own strain gauges in the future. Management hopes to produce 100% of the
strain gauges utilized by the Company by the end of the current fiscal year.
To take advantage of lower overhead costs and competitive labor rates
available in China, the Company constructed a manufacturing facility in
Shenzhen, China in 1989. The location of that factory in Shenzhen, only about 30
miles from Hong Kong, permitted the Company to manage easily manufacturing
operations from Hong Kong, and facilitated transportation of the Company's
products out of China through the port of Hong Kong, the busiest seaport for
containerized shipping in the world. As sales increased since the year ended
March 31, 1990, the Company's use of available factory capacity increased. In
planning for its future growth, the Company entered into a contract to acquire a
land lease for construction of a new manufacturing complex which, when
completed, would approximately triple the Company's production capacity. The
construction of phase one of the new manufacturing complex was completed in
December 1996 and the Company commenced operations in the new complex in January
1997. The second, and final, phase was completed in May 1998. The new
manufacturing complex is located in the DaYang Synthetical Development District
in Shenzhen, China and is approximately 50 miles from Hong Kong. See Item 2 -
"Description of Property--China," below.
Because the Company primarily sells and ships its products "F.O.B. Hong
Kong," most of its customers are responsible for the transportation of finished
products from Hong Kong to their final destination and bear the risk of loss
from such transportation. Components and finished products are transported to
and from China primarily with the Company's own truck. The majority of the
Company's component parts purchased from Japan, Taiwan and Korea are transported
by ship or by air to Hong Kong. In recent years, the Company has not been
materially affected by any transportation problems.
Management believes that it has sufficient water and power supplies for
daily usage at its new manufacturing complex. The Company has drilled two water
wells to obtain additional water and to minimize cost.
The availability of adequate power to run the Company's factory is one of
the difficulties of having a factory located in China. In order to minimize
potential power problems that could develop in the Shenzhen factory, the
factory, like most Chinese factories, is equipped with power generators capable
of providing adequate electric power to operate the assembly line.
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Component Parts and Suppliers
The Company purchases over 1,000 different component parts from more than
100 major suppliers and is not dependent upon any single supplier for any key
component. The Company purchases components for its products from suppliers in
Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong and elsewhere. The Company has not
experienced, and management does not expect to experience, any difficulty in
obtaining needed component parts for its products.
The major component parts purchased by the Company are integrated circuits
(chips), LEDs, LCDs, strain gauges, force sensors, resistors, capacitors,
transistors, diodes, printed circuit boards and batteries. The Company purchases
both stock or off the shelf chips and custom chips. There are many suppliers of
both stock and custom chips in Japan and Taiwan. At the present time, Micro
Chips in Taiwan, Samsung in South Korea and Hitachi, Toshiba and NEC in Japan
provide most of the Company's chips. Chips are one of the most expensive
component parts purchased by the Company.
Strain gauges are the second most expensive components purchased by the
Company. The Company currently produces approximately 80% of the strain gauges
utilized in its scales, and obtains the remainder principally from a Japanese
manufacturer. However, the Company could also purchase strain gauges from
suppliers located in the United States and China. LEDs and LCDs are generally
custom made to match the chip design and are principally supplied by companies
in Taiwan, Korea and Japan. The circuit boards can be purchased from circuit
board manufacturers in Hong Kong. Resistors, capacitors, transistors, diodes and
batteries are standard stock items and are generally purchased in Hong Kong and
Taiwan.
The Company produces metal and plastic casings and parts for use in its
products. Plastic resin and metal sheet can be purchased from suppliers in Hong
Kong and Japan.
Quality Control
Management maintains strict quality control procedures for every product
manufactured by the Company throughout the manufacturing process. Incoming raw
materials and components are checked by the Company's quality control personnel.
Moreover, during the production stage, the Company's quality control personnel
monitor each operation in the manufacturing process, including the bonding of
the chips, component insertion and assembly of the printed circuit boards and
casings. All work in process is also checked during the manufacturing and
assembly processes. After the assembly stage, every product is checked for
proper functioning and cosmetic appearance. After packing and before shipment,
the quality control personnel randomly check goods according to product
specifications. Historically, the Company's level of defective products has been
low, and not material to its financial statements. The Company's products are
generally covered by a one-year limited warranty which provides for repair or
replacement of defective products. In certain circumstances, an extended
warranty may be offered. To date, claims against the Company under its warranty
program have been negligible.
In April 1995, the Company received an ISO 9001 certificate from Det Norske
Veritas Industry B.V., The Netherlands. The Company passed a reviewed audit by
Det Norske Veritas, processed in March 1998, and is qualified to maintain the
ISO 9001 certificate.
The ISO 9000 is a program developed initially by the International
Organization for Standardization in Geneva, Switzerland, to provide quality
control registration standards that could be relied upon to provide assurances
with regard to a registrant's quality control and manufacturing operations.
Management believes that ISO 9000 registration provides its customers with
quality control assurances that are recognized internationally, and that such
registration also provides the Company with a competitive advantage over many
other manufacturers in the Far East who have not registered for ISO 9000
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certification. In addition, the Company has submitted applications for the CE
mark for some products and, at the present time, over 36 product groups have
been approved, including the electromagnetic compatibility directive (EMC) and
the medical devices directive (MDD). A CE mark serves as confirmation to the
European authorities that the marked product complies with all European Union
directives relevant to the product and that the product may be traded freely in
the European market.
Customers and Marketing
The Company sells its products in the United States, Europe, Asia,
Australia and Africa. Customers for the Company's scales are primarily original
equipment manufacturers, which market the products under their own brand names.
Net export sales to customers by geographic area consisted of the following
for each of the three years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended March 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
North America $ 5,356,398 38% $ 7,537,401 44% $12,598,672 53%
Europe 3,960,816 28 5,492,294 33 8,129,063 34
Asia 4,140,088 29 3,454,505 20 2,117,914 9
Australia 723,783 5 425,314 3 756,354 3
Africa 67,150 -- 79,505 -- 113,573 1
----------- --- ----------- --- ---------- ---
Total Net Sales $14,248,235 100% $16,989,019 100% $23,715,576 100%
</TABLE>
The Company maintains a marketing team in Hong Kong. The Company markets
its products primarily through use of its Web page, advertising in trade
publications such as Hong Kong Enterprise and the use of direct mail catalogues
and product literature. In addition, the Company's marketing team contacts
existing and potential customers by telephone, mail, fax and in person.
Major Customers. Sales of the Company's products to OEMs accounted for
approximately 82%, 87% and 87%, respectively, of the Company's total net sales
during the years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998. The Company's principal
OEM customers include the following entities which market the Company's products
under the brand name indicated opposite their respective names:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Percent of Company's Sales
--------------------------
Year ended March 31,
--------------------
Customer Brand Name Products 1996 1997 1998
-------- ---------- -------- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Pitney Bowes, Inc. (USA) Pitney Bowes Postal scales -- 18% 30%
Globaltec Corporation ACCULAB Jewelry, educational and
(USA) high precision scales 21% 13% 15%
Werner Dorsch Gmbh & Co. WEDO Postal, office and
(Germany) parcel scales 13% 11% 9%
Omron Health Care OMRON Digital thermometers 6% 11% 8%
</TABLE>
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Werner Dorsch Gmbh & Co. and Globaltec Corporation have been customers of
the Company for thirteen and eleven years, respectively. Management believes
that the Company offers its customers superior quality of products and superior
product design and development capabilities, together with the low costs of
production associated with its operations in China.
If the Company were to lose any customers who account for a material
portion of total sales, or if any of these customers were to substantially
decrease their purchases from the Company, the Company's revenues, earnings and
financial position would be materially and adversely affected. The Company's
dependence on these four customers is expected to continue in the foreseeable
future. The Company follows normal and customary business practices in the
acceptance of orders from its customers. Orders from the Company's four largest
customers are generally supported by bank guarantees, letters of credit or
insurance from the Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation. For updated
information with respect to a decrease in orders from two of the Company's major
customers see Item 9 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations--Overview."
Sales of the Company's products directly by the Company under its own brand
name accounted for approximately 18%, 13% and 13%, respectively, of the
Company's total net sales during the years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998.
Backlog. The Company's backlog consists of orders from major customers and
purchase orders from other customers of products scheduled for shipment within
three to twelve months. It is the Company's practice to charge customers 50% of
the total order price when orders are cancelled and, as a result, the Company
has experienced nominal cancellations. This practice is not represented by a
written agreement, and the Company may not be able to enforce this arrangement
in every case in the future. The Company generally has not experienced any
difficulty in shipping orders by the dates requested by its customers or in
material returns of its products. The amount of backlog that is manufactured and
shipped during any period is dependent on various factors, including the timing
and scheduling of orders from material customers and accordingly, the amount of
backlog at any date is not necessarily indicative of actual shipments and sales.
The Company's backlog was $4,386,485 at March 31, 1998, compared to a backlog of
$7,305,470 at March 31, 1997.
Competition
The electronic products business is highly competitive. The Company's major
competitors in the scale market include Management Investment & Technology Co.,
Ltd. in Hong Kong, Charder Electronic Company, Ltd. in Taiwan and Ohaus in the
United States. In the blood pressure meter market, the Company's major
competitors are AnD Co. Ltd of Japan and Omron Corporation of Japan. In the
electronic thermometer market, its major competitors are Citizen Company and
Terumo, both of Japan. Competition is primarily based upon unit price, product
quality, reliability, product features and management's reputation for
integrity. Management believes that the Company competes favorably with respect
to each of these factors.
Employees
At March 31, 1998, the Company employed 927 persons on a full-time basis.
All of the Company's 27 employees located in Hong Kong held administrative,
clerical, sales and marketing positions. Of the 900 employees located in China,
789 were engaged in manufacturing and 111 were engaged in administrative and
clerical positions. The Company is not a party to any labor contract or
collective bargaining agreement. The Company has experienced no significant
labor stoppages in recent years, and management believes that relations with its
employees are satisfactory.
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The Company currently houses all 900 employees located in the PRC at the
Shenzhen facility, including administrative staff. The facility is able to house
up to 2,180 employees.
Patents, Licenses, Trademarks, Franchises, Concessions and Royalty Agreements
The Company has no patents, licenses, franchises, concessions or royalty
agreements that are material to its business as a whole. The Company has
obtained a trademark registration in Hong Kong and China for the marks BONSO and
MODUS in connection with certain electronic apparatus and intends to file an
application in the United States for registration of such trademarks.
Government Regulation
In the United States, the Medical Device Amendments of 1976 to the federal
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (Amendments) and the regulations issued or proposed
thereunder provide for regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (the FDA)
of the marketing, manufacturing, labeling, packaging and distribution of medical
devices. These regulations include requirements that manufacturers of medical
devices register with the FDA and furnish lists of devices manufactured by them.
Certain pre-market requirements must be met prior to the marketing of medical
devices introduced after May 28, 1976. These range from a minimum requirement to
wait 90 days after notification to the FDA before introduction of medical
devices substantially similar to devices already on the market to a maximum
requirement to comply with the potentially expensive and time consuming process
of pre-market analysis and testing necessary to obtain FDA approval prior to the
commercial marketing of new medical devices. In addition, the FDA also has the
authority to prescribe performance standards for the types of health care
products manufactured by the Company. Should such standards be prescribed, the
Company's products would be required to conform to them. To date, no such
standards have been adopted and the Company cannot predict what changes, if any,
may be necessitated in its products should such performance standards be issued
in the future. In addition to the Amendments, there are also certain
requirements of other federal laws and of state, local and foreign governments
that may apply to the manufacture and marketing of the Company's health care
products.
The only products of the Company that are subject to material government
regulation are its electronic thermometers and electronic blood pressure meters,
which are subject to qualifying procedures with the FDA. The qualifying
procedures set forth by the FDA for pre-market approval with respect to the
electronic thermometers and blood pressure meters have been satisfied.
Certain Foreign Issuer Considerations
Transfer of Sovereignty over Hong Kong to China. The principal executive
offices of the Company and all manufacturing operations and assets of the
Company are located in Hong Kong and China. Prior to July 1, 1997, Hong Kong was
a British Crown Colony with responsibility for administering its own internal
affairs. After several years of negotiations concerning Hong Kong's future,
Great Britain and China signed (December 1984) and ratified (May 1985) the
Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Future of Hong Kong (the Sino-British
Agreement). Pursuant to the Sino-British Agreement, Hong Kong was restored to
China on July 1, 1997.
Ownership of Real Property. All land in Hong Kong is owned by the
Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the Government).
Prior to July 1, 1997, the Government granted Crown Leases to persons, firms and
corporations on the basis of an annual crown rental payment and other terms and
conditions therein contained. Crown Leases were freely assignable during their
term. In implementation of the Sino-British Agreement, the New Territories
Leases (Extension) Ordinance was enacted and came into effect on April 25, 1988.
Pursuant to that Ordinance, all leases in the New Territories of Hong Kong were
extended up to June 30, 2047. Such extension was at no premium but was subject
to an annual fee equivalent to 3% of the ratable value of the property to be
charged with effect from the date on which the original lease would have
expired.
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The land ownership system in China is similar to Hong Kong, in which all
land is owned by the government. The Chinese government and its various
government instrumentalities grant leases to persons, firms and corporations on
the basis of an annual rental payment and other terms and conditions. Such
leases are generally freely transferable during their term.
Enforceability of Certain Civil Liabilities. The Company is a British
Virgin Islands holding corporation. The Company has appointed Henry F.
Schlueter, 1050 Seventeenth Street, Suite 1700, Denver, Colorado 80265 as its
agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against it under the
securities laws of the United States. However, outside the United States, it may
be difficult for investors to enforce judgments against the Company obtained in
the United States in any such actions, including actions predicated upon civil
liability provisions of the United States securities laws. In addition, most of
the Company's officers and directors reside outside the United States and the
assets of these persons and of the Company are located outside of the United
States. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of
process within the United States upon such persons, or to enforce against the
Company or such persons judgments obtained in United States courts predicated
upon the liability provisions of the United States securities laws. The Company
has been advised by Harney, Westwood and Riegels ("HW&R"), its British Virgin
Islands counsel, and by Norman M.K. Yeung & Co., Solicitors ("Yeung & Co."), its
Hong Kong counsel, that there is substantial doubt as to the enforceability
against the Company or any of its directors and officers located outside the
United States in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of
United States courts of liabilities predicated solely on the civil liability
provisions of the United States securities laws.
The Company has been advised by Yeung & Co. and HW&R that no treaty exists
between Hong Kong or the British Virgin Islands and the United States providing
for the reciprocal enforcement of foreign judgments. However, the courts of Hong
Kong and the British Virgin Islands are generally prepared to accept a foreign
judgment as evidence of a debt due. An action may then be commenced in Hong Kong
or the British Virgin Islands for recovery of this debt. A Hong Kong or British
Virgin Islands court will only accept a foreign judgment as evidence of a debt
due if: (i) the judgment is for a liquidated amount in a civil matter; (ii) the
judgment is final and conclusive and has not been stayed or satisfied in full;
(iii) the judgment is not directly or indirectly for the payment of foreign
taxes, penalties, fines or charges of a like nature (in this regard, a Hong Kong
or British Virgin Islands court is unlikely to accept a judgment for an amount
obtained by doubling, trebling or otherwise multiplying a sum assessed as
compensation for the loss or damage sustained by the person in whose favor the
judgment was given); (iv) the judgment was not obtained by actual or
constructive fraud or duress; (v) the foreign court has taken jurisdiction on
grounds that are recognized by the common law rules as to conflict of laws in
Hong Kong or the British Virgin Islands; (vi) the proceedings in which the
judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice; (vii) the
proceedings in which the judgment was obtained, the judgment itself and the
enforcement of the judgment are not contrary to the public policy of Hong Kong
or the British Virgin Islands; (viii) the person against whom the judgment is
given is subject to the jurisdiction of the Hong Kong or the British Virgin
Islands court; and (ix) the judgment is not on a claim for contribution in
respect of damages awarded by a judgment that does not satisfy the foregoing.
Enforcement of a foreign judgment in Hong Kong or the British Virgin Islands may
also be limited or affected by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation,
arrangement, moratorium or similar laws relating to or affecting creditors'
rights generally and will be subject to a statutory limitation of time within
which proceedings may be brought.
Under United States law, majority and controlling shareholders generally
have certain "fiduciary" responsibilities to the minority shareholders.
Shareholder action must be taken in good faith and actions by controlling
shareholders that are obviously unreasonable may be declared null and void. The
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British Virgin Islands law protecting the interests of the minority shareholders
may not be as protective in all circumstances as the law protecting minority
shareholders in United States jurisdictions. While British Virgin Islands law
does permit a shareholder of a British Virgin Islands company to sue its
directors derivatively, i.e. in the name of and for the benefit of the company
and to sue the company and its directors for his benefit and the benefit of
others similarly situated, the circumstances in which any such action may be
brought and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect of any
such action may result in the rights of shareholders of a British Virgin Islands
company being more limited than those rights of shareholders in a United States
company.
Special Risk Factors
THIS ANNUAL REPORT CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF
SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 (THE "SECURITIES ACT") AND SECTION 21E
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (THE "EXCHANGE ACT"). ACTUAL RESULTS
COULD DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE PROJECTED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
AS A RESULT OF THE RISK FACTORS SET FORTH BELOW. PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS SHOULD
CAREFULLY CONSIDER, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION APPEARING IN THIS ANNUAL
REPORT, THE FOLLOWING FACTORS, AMONG OTHERS, IN EVALUATING THE COMPANY AND ITS
BUSINESS.
Forward-Looking Statements
Important Factors Related to Forward-Looking Statements and Associated
Risks. The Company may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking
statements. Written forward-looking statements may appear in documents filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"), in press
releases and in reports to shareholders. The forward-looking statements included
herein are based on current expectations that involve a number of risks and
uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are based on assumptions that
political, economic and commercial conditions in Hong Kong and China will not
change materially or adversely, that competitive conditions affecting the
Company will not change materially or adversely, that demand for the Company's
products will be strong, that the Company will retain existing key management
personnel, that the Company's forecasts will accurately anticipate market demand
and that there will be no material adverse change in the Company's operations or
business. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect
to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and
future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict
accurately and many of which are beyond the control of the Company. Although the
Company believes that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements
are reasonable, any of the assumptions could prove inaccurate and, therefore,
there can be no assurance that the results contemplated in forward-looking
information will be realized.
In addition, as disclosed elsewhere under other risk factors, the business
and operations of the Company are subject to substantial risks which increase
the uncertainty inherent in such forward-looking statements. In light of the
significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking information included
herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a
representation by the Company or any other person that the objectives or plans
of the Company will be achieved. The Private Securities Reform Act of 1995
contains a safe harbor for forward-looking statements on which the Company
relies in making such disclosures. In connection with this safe harbor the
Company is hereby identifying important factors that could cause actual results
to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements made
by or on behalf of the Company. Any such statement is qualified by reference to
the cautionary statements included in this Annual Report.
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Political, Legal, Economic and Other Uncertainties of Operations in China and
Hong Kong
Transfer of Sovereignty over Hong Kong to China. The principal executive
and corporate offices of the Company are located in Hong Kong, formerly a
British Crown Colony. Sovereignty over Hong Kong was transferred effective July
1, 1997 to China, and Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of China.
The National People's Congress of China enacted the Basic Law in 1990 as the
constitution of Hong Kong under China's sovereignty (Basic Law). While
management does not believe that the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong to
China will have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, there can
be no assurance as to the continued stability of political, economic or
commercial conditions in Hong Kong, and any instability could have an adverse
impact on the Company's business.
The Hong Kong dollar and the United States dollar have been fixed at
approximately 7.80 Hong Kong dollars to $1.00 since 1983. The Chinese government
expressed its intention in the Basic Law to maintain the stability of the Hong
Kong currency after the sovereignty of Hong Kong was transferred to China. There
can be no assurance that this will continue and the Company could face increased
currency risks if the current exchange rate mechanism is changed.
Internal Political and Other Risks of Manufacturing in China. The Company's
manufacturing facility is located in China. As a result, the Company's
operations and assets are subject to significant political, economic, legal and
other uncertainties. Changes in policies by the Chinese government resulting in
changes in laws, regulations or the interpretation thereof, confiscatory
taxation, restrictions on imports and sources of supply, import duties,
corruption, currency revaluations or the expropriation of private enterprise
could materially and adversely affect the Company. Over the past several years,
the Chinese government has pursued economic reform policies including the
encouragement of private economic activity and greater economic
decentralization. There can be no assurance that the Chinese government will
continue to pursue such policies, that such policies will be successful if
pursued, that such policies will not be significantly altered from time to time
or that business operations in China would not become subject to the risk of
nationalization, which could result in the total loss of investment in that
country. Economic development may be limited as well by the imposition of
austerity measures intended to reduce inflation, the inadequate development of
infrastructure and the potential unavailability of adequate power and water
supplies, transportation and communications. If for any reason the Company were
required to move its manufacturing operations outside of China, the Company's
profitability would be substantially impaired, its competitiveness and market
position would be materially jeopardized and there can be no assurance that the
Company could continue its operations.
Recent Relations with the U.S. In 1995, the United States considered
revocation of China's most favored nation (MFN) trade status, which provides
China with the trading privileges generally available to trading partners of the
United States, and in 1996 the United States and China were involved in
controversy over the protection in China of intellectual property rights. In
1996, China and the United States reached an agreement on copyright protection,
and renewed China's MFN trade status. In July 1998, the United States extended
China's MFN status for another year. Various interest groups continue to urge
that the United States not renew China's trade status. There can be no assurance
that future controversies will not arise that threaten trade relations between
the United States and China or that the United States will not revoke or refuse
to extend China's MFN status. In any of such eventualities, the business of the
Company could be adversely affected.
Uncertain Chinese Legal System and Application of Laws. The legal system of
China relating to foreign investments is both new and continually evolving, and
currently there can be no certainty as to the application of its laws and
regulations in particular instances. China does not have a comprehensive system
of laws. Enforcement of existing laws or agreements may be sporadic and
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implementation and interpretation of laws inconsistent. The Chinese judiciary is
relatively inexperienced in enforcing the laws that exist, leading to a higher
than usual degree of uncertainty as to the outcome of any litigation. Even where
adequate law exists in China, it may not be possible to obtain swift and
equitable enforcement of that law.
Possible Changes and Uncertainties in Economic Policies. As part of its
economic reform, China has designated certain areas, including Shenzhen where
the Company's manufacturing complex is located, as Special Economic Zones.
Foreign enterprises in these areas benefit from greater economic autonomy and
more favorable tax treatment than enterprises in other parts of China. Changes
in the policies or laws governing Special Economic Zones could have a material
adverse effect on the Company. Moreover, economic reforms and growth in China
have been more successful in certain provinces than others, and the continuation
or increase of such disparities could affect the political or social stability
of China.
Dependence on Single Factory. All of the Company's products are currently
manufactured at its manufacturing facility located in Shenzhen, China. The
Company does not own the land underlying its factory complex. It occupies the
site under an agreement with the local Chinese government pursuant to which the
Company is entitled to use the land upon which its factory complex is situated
until May 2044. This agreement and the operations of the Company's Shenzhen
factory are dependent on the Company's relationship with the local government.
The Company's operations and prospects would be materially and adversely
affected by the failure of the local government to honor the agreement. In the
event of a dispute, enforcement of the agreement could be difficult in China.
Moreover, fire fighting and disaster relief or assistance in China may not
be as developed as in Western countries. The Company currently maintains
property damage insurance aggregating approximately $11,923,000 covering its
stock in trade, goods and merchandise, furniture and equipment and the
buildings. The Company does not maintain business interruption insurance.
Investors are cautioned that material damage to, or the loss of, the Company's
factory due to fire, severe weather, flood or other act of God or cause, even if
insured against, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial
condition, results of operations, business and prospects.
Asian Economic Problems. Recently, several countries in Southeast Asia have
experienced a significant devaluation of their currencies and decline in the
value of their capital markets. In addition, several Asian countries have
experienced a number of bank failures and consolidations. The Company does not
believe that the declines in Southeast Asia will affect the demand for the
Company's products, because virtually all of the Company's products are sold
into developed countries not experiencing these declines. Moreover, because most
of the Company's products are paid for in U.S. dollars, the Company believes
that it is less susceptible to the effects of a devaluation in the Hong Kong
dollar or Chinese renminbi if either or both were to occur despite assurances to
the contrary by the Chinese government. However, the decline in the currencies
of other Southeast Asian countries could render the Company's products less
competitive if competitors located in these countries are able to manufacture
competitive products at a lower effective cost. Investors are cautioned that
there can be no assurance that the decline in Southeast Asia will not have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, results
of operations or market price of its securities.
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Risk Factors Relating to the Business of the Company
Dependence on Major Customers. Four major customers accounted for
approximately 53% of the Company's sales in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997
and 62% of its sales during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998. The loss of
any of these major customers could have a material negative impact on the
Company's business. See Item 1 - "Description of Business--Customers and
Marketing--Major Customers" and Item 9 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition--Overview."
Dependence on Key Personnel. The Company's future performance will depend
to a significant extent upon the efforts and abilities of certain members of
senior management as well as upon the Company's ability to attract and retain
other qualified personnel. In particular, the Company is largely dependent upon
the continued efforts of Mr. Anthony So, the Company's President, Secretary,
Treasurer and Chairman of its Board of Directors, and Mr. Kim Wah Chung,
Director of Engineering and Research and Development. To the extent that the
services of Mr. So or Mr. Chung would be unavailable to the Company, the Company
would be required to obtain other personnel to perform the duties that they
otherwise would perform. There can be no assurance that the Company would be
able to employ another qualified person or persons, with the appropriate
background and expertise, to replace Mr. So or Mr. Chung on terms suitable to
the Company. See Item 10 - "Directors and Officers of Registrant."
Competition. The Company's business is in an industry that is highly
competitive, and many of its competitors, both local and international, have
substantially greater technical, financial and marketing resources than the
Company. See Item 1 - "Description of Business--Competition."
Need for Qualified Employees. The success of the Company is dependent on
its ability to attract and retain qualified technical, marketing and production
personnel. The Company will have to compete with other larger companies for such
personnel, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
attract or retain such qualified personnel.
Control by Founder. At the present time and without taking into account the
shares of Common Stock that will be issued upon the exercise of the Public
Warrants and the Representative's Warrants, Mr. Anthony So, the founder and
President of the Company, beneficially owns approximately 39.6% of the
outstanding shares of Common Stock. Due to his stock ownership, Mr. So may be in
a position to elect the Board of Directors and, therefore, to control the
business and affairs of the Company including certain significant corporate
actions such as acquisitions, the sale or purchase of assets and the issuance
and sale of the Company's securities. See Item 4 - "Control of Registrant."
Potential Fluctuations in Operating Results. The Company's quarterly and
annual operating results are affected by a wide variety of factors that could
materially and adversely affect net sales, gross profit and profitability. This
could result from any one or a combination of factors, many of which are beyond
the control of the Company. Results of operations in any period should not be
considered indicative of results to be expected in any future period, and
fluctuations in operating results may also result in fluctuations in the market
price of the Company's Common Stock.
No Assurance of Exercise of Warrants or Sufficient Operating Revenue;
Potential Need for Outside Funding. The Company is currently soliciting the
exercise of certain outstanding warrants which were issued to the public in 1994
(the "Public Warrants") and management intends to utilize a portion of the
proceeds from such exercises to fund expansion of operations, including the
development and production of the Company's proposed cordless telephone. There
is no assurance that any of the Company's outstanding Public Warrants will be
exercised. Accordingly, funding for the expansion of the Company's operations
will be dependent on the Company's ability to generate significant operating
revenue or procure additional financing. There can be no assurance that
sufficient operating revenue can be generated or that any additional financing
can be arranged on favorable terms and in the amounts required to fund the
expanded operations of the Company.
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Possible Inability of Warrantholders to Exercise Warrants. Exercise of the
Company's Warrants is subject to the Company either maintaining the
effectiveness of its Registration Statement, or filing an effective registration
statement with the Commission and complying with the appropriate state
securities laws. No assurance can be given that at the time a Warrant holder
seeks to exercise the right to purchase the Company's Common Stock an effective
registration statement will in fact be in effect or that the Company will have
complied with all appropriate state securities laws.
Future Sales of Common Stock. As of the date of this Annual Report,
1,199,171 of the Company's outstanding shares of Common Stock are restricted
securities as that term is defined in Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities
Act. The Securities Act and Rule 144 promulgated thereunder place certain
prohibitions on the sale of such restricted securities. Further, the Company has
issued options to purchase 765,000 shares of Common Stock and has reserved an
additional 30,000 shares for issuance upon exercise of stock options which may
be granted in the future under the Company's existing Stock Option Plans. The
possibility exists that, when permitted, the sale to the public of these shares,
or shares acquired upon exercise of the options, could have a depressing effect
on the price of the Common Stock. Further, future sales of such shares and the
exercise of such options could adversely affect the Company's ability to raise
capital in the future.
Volatility of Stock Price. The markets for equity securities have been
volatile and the price of the Company's Common Stock has been and could continue
to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to quarter to quarter variations
in operating results, news announcements, trading volume, sales of Common Stock
by officers, directors and principal shareholders of the Company, general market
trends and other factors.
Potential Adverse Effect of Redemption of Public Warrants. The Public
Warrants are redeemable by the Company at any time at $0.05 per Warrant upon 30
to 45 days notice if the closing price of the Common Stock for 20 consecutive
trading days within the 30-day period preceding the date the notice is given
equals or exceeds $8.575 per share. If the Company calls the Public Warrants for
redemption, the holders of the Public Warrants must either (i) exercise the
Public Warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be
disadvantageous for the holders to do so; (ii) sell the Public Warrants at the
then current market price when they might otherwise wish to hold the Public
Warrants; or (iii) accept the nominal redemption price, which is likely to be
substantially less than the market value of the Public Warrants. No assurance
can be given that at the time of redemption an effective registration statement
will be in effect or that the Company will have complied with all appropriate
state securities laws so that a Public Warrantholder will be able to exercise
his Public Warrants rather than accepting the $0.05 per Warrant redemption
price.
Certain Legal Consequences of Foreign Incorporation and Operations
Enforceability of Civil Liabilities. The Company is a holding corporation
organized as an International Business Company under the laws of the British
Virgin Islands and its principal operating subsidiary is organized under the
laws of Hong Kong, where the Company's principal executive offices are also
located. Outside the United States, it may be difficult for investors to enforce
judgments against the Company obtained in the United States in actions brought
against the Company, including actions predicated upon civil liability
provisions of federal securities laws. In addition, most of the Company's
officers and directors reside outside the United States and the assets of these
persons and of the Company are located outside of the United States. As a
result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process within
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the United States upon such persons, or to enforce against the Company or such
persons judgments predicated upon the liability provisions of U.S. securities
laws. The Company has been advised by its Hong Kong counsel and its British
Virgin Islands counsel that there is substantial doubt as to the enforceability
against the Company or any of its directors or officers located outside the
United States in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of
U.S. courts of liabilities predicated solely on the civil liability provisions
of federal securities laws. See Item 1 - "Description of Business--Certain
Foreign Issuer Considerations--Enforceability of Certain Civil Liabilities."
Certain Legal Consequences of Incorporation in the British Virgin Islands.
The Company is organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands.
Principles of law relating to matters affecting the validity of corporate
procedures, the fiduciary duties of the Company's management, directors and
controlling shareholders and the rights of the Company's shareholders differ
from, and may not be as protective of shareholders as, those that would apply if
the Company were incorporated in a jurisdiction within the United States.
Directors of the Company have the power to take certain actions without
shareholder approval, including an amendment of the Company's Memorandum or
Articles of Association and certain fundamental corporate transactions,
including reorganizations, certain mergers or consolidations and the sale or
transfer of assets. In addition, there is doubt that the courts of the British
Virgin Islands would enforce liabilities predicated upon U.S. securities laws.
Exemptions under the Exchange Act as a Foreign Private Issuer. The Company
is a foreign private issuer within the meaning of rules promulgated under the
Exchange Act. As such, and though its Common Stock is registered under Section
12(g) of the Exchange Act, it is exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange
Act applicable to United States public companies including: the rules under the
Exchange Act requiring the filing with the Commission of quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K, the sections of the Exchange Act
regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect to
a security registered under the Exchange Act and the sections of the Exchange
Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and
trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from
any short-swing trading transaction (i.e., a purchase and sale, or sale and
purchase, of the issuer's equity securities within six months or less). Because
of the exemptions under the Exchange Act applicable to foreign private issuers,
shareholders of the Company are not afforded the same protections or information
generally available to investors in public companies organized in the United
States.
Item 2. Description of Property.
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British Virgin Islands
The offices of the Company are located at Cragmuir Chambers, Road Town,
Tortola, British Virgin Islands. Only corporate administrative matters are
conducted at such offices, through the Company's registered agent, HWR Services
Limited.
Hong Kong
The Company leases approximately 9,185 square feet in the Universal
Industrial Centre, 23-25 Shan Mei Street, Fo Tan, Shatin, New Territories, Hong
Kong. This facility is used primarily as the Company's principal executive
office. The lease expires on May 31, 1999 and provides for a monthly rental of
$12,820. Management anticipates that the lease for this facility will be renewed
for an additional one-year term at approximately the same monthly rental of
$12,820.
The Company owns a residential property in Hong Kong, which is located at
Savanna Garden, House No. 27, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong. House No. 27
consists of approximately 2,475 square feet plus a 177 square foot terrace and a
2,308 square foot garden area. The use of House No. 27 is provided to Mr.
Anthony So as part of his compensation. See Item 13 - "Interest of Management in
Certain Transactions."
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China
The Company's existing factory in China is located at Shenzhen in the
DaYang Synthetical Development District, close to the border between Hong Kong
and China. This factory consists of two factory buildings, which contain
approximately 194,990 square feet, two workers' quarters, containing
approximately 115,050 square feet, a canteen and recreation center of
approximately 25,270 square feet, an office building, consisting of
approximately 25,230 square feet, and staff quarters for the Company's
supervisory employees, consisting of approximately 35,110 square feet, for a
total of approximately 395,650 square feet. The facility is utilized pursuant to
a Contract on the Use of Land and Supply of Workers with Shenzhen Baoan Fuan
Industrial Company. The agreement provides that the Company will use
approximately 269,000 square feet of land for a period of 50 years, commencing
May 10, 1994. To obtain the land lease, the Company agreed to pay $1,810,344
plus a monthly management fee in the amount of $2,750. The Company used part of
the proceeds of a $1,500,000 loan it received in July 1994 to pay a portion of
the initial acquisition cost; the balance of the initial acquisition cost was
paid out of the net proceeds of a public offering of the Company's securities
conducted in December 1994. The facility is wholly-owned by the Company. The
agreement provides that at the expiration of the land lease, the Company will be
given priority for negotiation of a new agreement for the use of the land. The
Company's total investment in the facility is approximately $8,000,000. Phase
one of the facility was completed in December 1996, and manufacturing commenced
in the new facility in January 1997. The second, and final, phase of the
facility was completed in May 1998.
The Company also owns two residential properties, one consisting of
approximately 1,000 square feet, located at Lijingge Court, Unit F, 15th Floor,
Hai Li Building, Shenzhen, China, and one consisting of approximately 1,125
square feet located at the 12th floor, Yuk Yui Court, Gui Hua Garden, Shenzhen
Bay, China. Both properties are utilized by management staff and directors when
they require accommodations in China.
Adequacy of Facilities
Management believes that the Company's new manufacturing complex will be
adequate for its reasonably foreseeable needs.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
- --------------------------
On August 28, 1998, a lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court
for the Central District of California against the Company and the Warrant Agent
alleging that the Company had committed securities fraud, common law fraud and
breach of contract arising out of the original sale of the Public Warrants and
the issuance on July 22, 1998 of a notice to redeem the Public Warrants on
September 4, 1998 for $0.05 per Public Warrant. The lawsuit was dismissed,
without prejudice, on September 2, 1998, and the Company rescinded the
redemption of the Public Warrants that was noticed on July 22, 1998. However,
the plaintiffs have agreed not to refile the lawsuit for at least four months.
Management is not aware of any legal proceedings contemplated by any
governmental authority involving the Company, its subsidiaries or their
property. No director, officer or affiliate of the Company, or any associate of
a director, officer or affiliate of the Company: (i) is a party adverse to the
Company or its subsidiaries in any legal proceedings; or (ii) has an adverse
interest to the Company or its subsidiaries in any legal proceedings. Except as
described herein, the Company and its subsidiaries are not parties to any legal
proceedings and there are no other material legal proceedings pending with
respect to the property of the Company and its subsidiaries.
19
<PAGE>
Item 4. Control of Registrant.
- ------------------------------
The Company is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by any
foreign government or by another corporation. The following table sets forth, as
of June 30, 1998, the beneficial ownership of the Company's Common Stock by each
person known by the Company to own beneficially more than 10% of the Common
Stock of the Company outstanding as of such date and by the officers and
directors of the Company as a group. Except as otherwise indicated, all shares
are owned directly.
Person or Group Amount Owned
--------------- -----------------------------------
Shares of Options to Purchase Percent of
Common Stock Common Stock Class(1)
------------ ------------ --------
Anthony So 1,199,171(2) 303,000 45.1%
Officers and directors 1,199,171 627,000 50.0%
as a group (7 persons)
- ----------------------
(1) Based on beneficial ownership of both shares of Common Stock and options to
purchase Common Stock which are immediately exercisable.
(2) Owned of record by a corporation that is wholly owned by a trust of which
Mr. So is the sole beneficiary.
There are no arrangements known to the Company the operation of which may
at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company.
Item 5. Nature of Trading Market.
- ---------------------------------
The Company's Common Stock and Public Warrants are traded only in the
United States over-the-counter market. The Common Stock is quoted on the
National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System
("Nasdaq") National Market under the trading symbol BNSOF; the Public Warrants
are quoted under the trading symbol BNSWF on Nasdaq.
The table set forth below presents the range, on a quarterly basis, of high
and low closing sales prices per share of Common Stock and per Public Warrant as
reported by Nasdaq for the last two fiscal years and for the first quarter of
the fiscal year ending March 31, 1999. The quotations represent prices between
dealers and do not include retail markup, markdown or commissions and may not
necessarily represent actual transactions.
20
<PAGE>
Common Stock
Quarter Ended High Low
------------- ---- ---
Fiscal 1997
-----------
June 30, 1996 $ 3-1/8 $ 2-1/4
September 30, 1996 $ 3-1/8 $ 2-1/8
December 31, 1996 $ 2-13/16 $ 2
March 31, 1997 $ 2-5/8 $ 1-3/4
Fiscal 1998
-----------
June 30, 1997 $ 2-1/4 $ 1-11/16
September 30, 1997 $ 6-1/2(2) $ 2-1/16(2)
December 31, 1997 $ 8-3/8(2) $ 5-3/8(2)
March 31, 1998 $ 10-1/8(2) $ 5-7/8(2)
Fiscal 1999
-----------
June 30, 1998 $ 11-3/8(2) $ 9-1/16(2)
Public Warrants(1)
Quarter Ended High Low
------------- ---- ---
Fiscal 1997
-----------
June 30, 1996 $ 1-3/16 $ 13/32
September 30, 1996 $ 7/8 $ 5/8
December 31, 1996 $ 13/16 $ 13/32
March 31, 1997 $ 19/32 $ 13/32
Fiscal 1998
-----------
June 30, 1997 $ 13/32 $ 5/16
September 30, 1997 $ 1-1/2(2) $ 13/32(2)
December 31, 1997 $ 2-3/8(2) $ 25/32(2)
March 31, 1998 $ 2-9/16(2) $ 1-1/8(2)
Fiscal 1999
-----------
June 30, 1998 $ 3-3/8(2) $ 2-1/8(2)
- ----------------------
(1) The Public Warrants were issued in December 1994 pursuant to a public
offering of Units each consisting of one share of Common Stock and two
Public Warrants.
(2) Reflects high and low closing prices as reported by Nasdaq.
21
<PAGE>
The 2,828,562 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of June 30, 1998 (which
does not include 200,000 shares of Common Stock subscribed for by an
unaffiliated party which will be issued by the Company's transfer agent in the
near future), were held by approximately 312 holders of record worldwide,
including 309 holders of record in the United States. Management believes that
holders of record hold for approximately 1,051 beneficial holders.
Transfer and Warrant Agent
The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock and the Warrant Agent
for the Public Warrants is U.S. Stock Transfer Corporation, 1745 Gardena Avenue
#200, Glendale, California 91204.
Item 6. Exchange Controls and Other Limitations Affecting Security Holders.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are no exchange control restrictions on payments of dividends on the
Company's Common Stock or on the conduct of the Company's operations either in
Hong Kong, where the Company's principal executive offices are located, or the
British Virgin Islands, where the Company is incorporated. Other jurisdictions
in which the Company conducts operations may have various exchange controls.
Taxation and repatriation of profits regarding the Company's China operations
are regulated by Chinese laws and regulations. To date, these controls have not
had and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial
results. There are no material British Virgin Islands laws that impose foreign
exchange controls on the Company or that affect the payment of dividends,
interest or other payments to holders of the Company's securities who are not
residents of the British Virgin Islands. British Virgin Islands law and the
Company's Memorandum and Articles of Association impose no limitations on the
right of nonresident or foreign owners to hold or vote the Company's securities.
Item 7. Taxation.
- -----------------
Taxation
Under current British Virgin Islands law, the Company is not subject to tax
on its income. Most of the Company's subsidiaries' profits accrue in Hong Kong,
where the corporate tax rate is currently 16.5%. There is no tax payable in Hong
Kong on offshore profit or on dividends paid to Bonso Electronics Limited by its
subsidiaries or by Bonso Electronics Limited to the Company. Therefore, the
overall effective tax rate of the Company may be lower than that of most United
States corporations; however, such could be materially and adversely affected by
changes in the tax laws of the British Virgin Islands, Hong Kong or China.
No reciprocal tax treaty regarding withholding exists between the United
States and the British Virgin Islands. Under current British Virgin Islands law,
dividends, interest or royalties paid by the Company to individuals are not
subject to tax as long as the recipient is not a resident of the British Virgin
Islands. If the Company were to pay a dividend, the Company would not be liable
to withhold any tax, but shareholders would receive gross dividends, if any,
irrespective of their residential or national status.
Dividends, if any, paid to any United States resident or citizen
shareholder would be treated as dividend income for United States federal income
tax purposes. Such dividends would not be eligible for the 70%
dividends-received deduction allowed to United States corporations on dividends
from a domestic corporation under Section 243 of the United States Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Internal Revenue Code"). Various Internal Revenue
Code provisions impose special taxes in certain circumstances on non-United
States corporations and their shareholders. Shareholders of the Company are
urged to consult their tax advisors with regard to such possibilities and their
own tax situation.
22
<PAGE>
In addition to United States federal income taxation, shareholders may be
subject to state and local taxes upon their receipt of dividends.
Dividend Policy
The Company has never paid any dividends on its Common Stock and does not
anticipate paying any dividends in the future. The Board of Directors has not
adopted a policy with respect to the payment of dividends. The declaration of
cash dividends may be considered by the Board of Directors from time to time
based on the Company's results of operations. The Company's dividend policy will
be dependent on its net income, financial position and capital requirements
along with economic and market conditions, industry standards and other factors.
In addition, dividend distribution and repatriation of profits or funds from the
Company's operations in China are regulated by Chinese laws and regulations. No
profits are generated from China because the Company's Chinese operations
involve only the manufacture and assembly of its products which are then shipped
to Hong Kong for sale and distribution. No assurance can be given, however, that
such laws will not be interpreted differently in the future, in which case the
Company's ability to pay dividends could be adversely affected. In light of the
above, no assurance can be given as to the amount or timing of future dividend
payments, if any. See Item 6 - "Exchange Controls and Other Limitations
Affecting Security Holders."
Item 8. Selected Financial Data.
- --------------------------------
The selected consolidated financial data set forth below as of March 31,
1997 and 1998 and for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended March
31, 1998 are derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and
notes thereto, which are prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States of America in United States dollars,
and which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report. The selected consolidated
financial data set forth below as of March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 and for each
of the two fiscal years in the period ended March 31, 1995 have been derived
from the Company's audited consolidated financial statements which do not appear
in this Annual Report. The selected consolidated financial data are qualified in
their entirety by reference to, and should be read in conjunction with, the
Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes and Item 9 - "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations"
included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
23
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
Year ended March 31,
--------------------------------------------------------
Income Statement Data 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share data)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales $ 12,549 $ 13,266 $ 14,248 $ 16,989 $ 23,716
Cost of sales (8,502) (8,936) (9,412) (12,096) (17,071)
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Gross margin 4,047 4,330 4,836 4,893 6,645
Selling expenses (214) (265) (325) (433) (420)
Salaries and related costs (1,461) (1,561) (1,960) (1,973) (1,897)
Research and development expenses (11) (108) (173) (122) (159)
Administration and general expenses (954) 98 (1,234) (1,609) (1,815)
Provision for permanent diminution in value
of investment in a joint venture company -- -- (153) -- --
Net gain on liquidation of a joint venture
company -- -- -- 160 --
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income from operations 1,407 2,494 991 916 2,354
Interest income 94 75 127 64 73
Interest expenses (384) (560) (607) (532) (503)
Less: Interest capitalized -- -- 58 61 46
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(384) (560) (549) (471) (457)
--------
Foreign exchange (losses)/gains (71) (146) (124) (136) 35
Other income 21 -- 76 102 243
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income before income taxes 1,067 1,863 521 475 2,248
Income tax (expense)/benefit (72) (67) 96 72 27
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income before minority interests 995 1,796 617 547 2,275
Minority interests 29 47 (10) -- --
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net income $ 1,024 $ 1,843 $ 607 $ 547 $ 2,275
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Earnings per share - Basic $ 0.68 $ 0.95 $ 0.21 $ 0.19 $ 0.80
- Diluted $ 0.68 $ 0.95 $ 0.21 $ 0.19 $ 0.73
As of March 31,
-------------------------------------------------------
Balance Sheet Data 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Working capital $ (314) $ 4,719 $ 3,801 $ 1,663 $ 3,184
Total assets 12,906 18,278 20,700 20,516 20,647
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations,
net of current maturities 1,789 68 744 787 243
Deferred income taxes(liabilities)/assets (120) (103) (49) 16 74
Shareholders' equity 3,459 10,764 11,433 12,142 14,479
24
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Item 9. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
of Operations.
- --------------
This section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those
anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors,
including those set forth under Item 1 - "Description of Business--Special Risk
Factors." The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction
with Item 8 - "Selected Financial Data" and the Consolidated Financial
Statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Overview
The Company derives its revenues principally from the sale of electronic
scales and electronic consumer and health care products manufactured by it in
China. Net sales have grown from $12,548,770 in the fiscal year ended March 31,
1994 to $23,715,576 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998. The Company's sales
growth was achieved with a corresponding increase in net income from $1,023,821
in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1994 to net income of $2,274,645 in the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1998. The Company was operating at full capacity in
its prior manufacturing facility and, in January 1997, it moved its
manufacturing operations to a new facility which has approximately tripled the
Company's manufacturing capacity. Management believes that the Company will be
able to continue to increase sales to take advantage of its increased
manufacturing capacity and improve margins and financial performance. Increased
revenue and net income in future periods will depend on the Company's ability to
(i) strengthen its customer base by enhancing and diversifying its products;
(ii) increase the number of its customers; (iii) expand into additional markets;
(iv) maintain or increase sales of its products to existing customers; (v)
increase production; and (vi) control all of its costs. Although labor costs are
increasing in China, the Company's labor costs continue to represent a
relatively small percentage of its total production costs. Management believes
that increased labor costs in China will not have a significant effect on its
total production costs or results of operations. Salaries and related costs have
increased significantly in Hong Kong and China for senior personnel, and these
increases are reflected in the higher costs experienced by the Company during
the last three years. Management believes that it will be able to continue to
increase its production at its new facility without substantially increasing its
non-production salaries and related costs. In addition, the Company has not
experienced significant difficulties in obtaining raw materials for its
products, and management does not anticipate any such difficulties in the
foreseeable future.
As of the date of filing this Annual Report on Form 20-F, the Company's
year to date revenues have declined when compared to the comparable period in
the prior year. Management believes that this decline in revenues is
attributable to a general decline in the worldwide economy and reduced orders
from two of the Company's major customers. One of these customers has reduced
its orders significantly and management does not believe that it is likely that
this customer's orders will increase in the future. Management believes that the
other major customer's order reduction is temporary and expects that orders from
that customer will increase in the third and fourth fiscal quarters. Readers of
this report are cautioned that both gross revenue and net income for the current
fiscal year will be reduced as a result of this decline in orders. Management
has initiated a cost savings program in order to reduce the effect upon the
Company's net income of the reduced sales volume. The cost saving steps include
a voluntary reduction in managements' salaries. Management is optimistic that
the Company will be able to not only replace sales lost during the current
fiscal year but to increase sales volume during the next fiscal year as a result
of increased marketing activities. Readers are cautioned that there can be no
assurance that management will be successful in achieving these objectives.
25
<PAGE>
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth selected income data as a percentage of net
sales for the periods indicated.
Year ended March 31,
-------------------------
Income Statement Data 1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
Net sales 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales (66.1) (71.2) (72.0)
----- ----- -----
Gross margin 33.9 28.8 28.0
Selling expenses (2.3) (2.5) (1.8)
Salaries and related costs (13.8) (11.6) (8.0)
Research and development expenses (1.2) (0.7) (0.7)
Administration and general expenses (8.6) (9.5) (7.6)
Provision for permanent diminution in value
of investment in a joint venture company (1.1) -- --
Net gain on liquidation of a joint venture company -- 0.9 --
----- ----- -----
Income from operations 6.9 5.4 9.9
Interest income 0.9 0.4 0.3
Interest expense (4.2) (3.1) (2.1)
----- ----- -----
Less: Interest capitalized 0.4 0.3 0.2
----- ----- -----
(3.8) (2.8) (1.9)
Foreign exchange (losses)/gains (0.9) (0.8) 0.2
Other income 0.5 0.6 1.0
----- ----- -----
Income before income taxes 3.6 2.8 9.5
Income tax benefit 0.7 0.4 0.1
Income before minority interests 4.3 3.2 9.6
Minority interests (0.1) -- --
----- ----- -----
Net income 4.2% 3.2% 9.6%
===== ===== =====
Fiscal year ended March 31, 1998 compared to fiscal year ended March 31, 1997
Net Sales. The Company's sales increased 39.6% from $16,989,019 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, to $23,715,576 for the fiscal year ended March
31, 1998, primarily as a result of increased orders received from two major
customers. Increased shipments to the Company's two largest customers accounted
for 32.6% of the net increase in sales. The addition of new products also
contributed to the increase in net sales. A new model built-in scale and glass
body scale accounted for approximately 2.4% of the net increase, and the balance
of 4.6% is the result of increased orders from various existing customers.
Gross Margin. Gross margin decreased from 28.8% to 28.0% primarily due to
increased production costs and decreased selling prices for certain products.
Selling Expenses. Selling expenses decreased by 3.0% from $432,518 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 to $419,755 for the fiscal year ended March 31,
1998. This decrease was attributable primarily to better control over freight
costs by shipping out larger lots of goods.
Salaries and Related Costs. Salaries and related costs decreased by 3.9%
from $1,973,021 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 to $1,897,412 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1998. This decrease was primarily due to the
Company's efforts to control the number of employees.
26
<PAGE>
Research and Development. Research and development expenses increased 29.8%
from $122,263 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 to $158,706 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1998, primarily as a result of the increase in new
product development, such as a series of low profile bod y scales, a generic LCD
scale and a new pocket scale.
Administration and General Expenses. Administration and general expenses
increased by 12.8% from $1,609,217 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, to
$1,814,535 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998. This increase was
attributable primarily to a write-off of deposits on property in the amount of
$78,436 and an increase in depreciation expense of $134,401 as a result of
placing additional depreciable assets into service.
Income from Operations. Income from operations increased by 157.1% from
$915,569 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 to $2,354,079 for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1998, primarily as a result of the factors described above.
Other Income. Other income increased by 138.3% from $101,843 for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1997 to $242,669 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998,
primarily as a result of increased assembly subcontracting work for a third
party.
Foreign Exchange Losses/Gains. Foreign exchange rates produced a loss of
$135,780 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 and a gain of $35,187 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1998. This difference was primarily attributable to
the difference between the pegged exchange rate and actu al transaction rate.
Interest Expenses. Interest expenses decreased by 2.7% from $470,655 in the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 to $457,838 in the fiscal year ended March 31,
1998, as a result of reduced bank borrowings.
Income Taxes. The Company received an income tax credit of $71,368 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 and $27,117 for the fiscal year ended March 31,
1998. The decrease in tax credit is basically due to the increase in tax expense
of $35,926
Net Income. Net income increased by 316.2% from $546,589 for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1997 to $2,274,645 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998
primarily as a result of increased turnover, better control of administrative
overhead and other factors described above.
Fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 compared to fiscal year ended March 31, 1996
Net Sales. The Company's sales increased 19.2% from $14,248,235 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1996 to $16,989,019 for the fiscal year ended March
31, 1997, primarily as a result of the expansion of the Company's business with
a new product to a new customer.
Gross Margin. Gross margin decreased from 33.9% to 28.8% primarily due to
the write-off of slow moving inventory and increased production costs.
Selling Expenses. Selling expenses increased by 32.9% from $325,344 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1996 to $432,518 for the fiscal year ended March 31,
1997. This increase was attributable primarily to the increase in shipping the
Company's products by air freight instead of by sea freight as per request of
customer.
27
<PAGE>
Salaries and Related Costs. Salaries and related costs increased 0.6% from
$1,960,716 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996 to $1,973,021 for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1997. These costs increased due to increases in personnel
and wage levels; however, the increases were offset by a reduction in the number
of higher paid, administrative employees located in Hong Kong and Canada.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses decreased 29.3%
from $172,920 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996 to $122,263 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, primarily as a result of the consolidation of
research and development personnel in China.
Administration and General Expenses. Administration and general expenses
increased by 30.4% from $1,233,925 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996 to
$1,609,217 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997. This increase was
attributable primarily to additional cost incurred on moving the production line
into the new factory during the period.
Provision for Permanent Diminution in Value of Investment in a Joint
Venture Company. The Company and its Chinese co-venturer agreed to terminate
their joint venture company Shenzhen Bonso Electronics Limited in 1996. As a
result, the directors of the Company estimated that a provision for permanent
diminution in value of this joint venture company was necessary for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1996.
Net Gain on Liquidation of a Joint Venture Company. During the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1997, upon the liquidation of Shenzhen Bonso Electronics
Limited, a gain of $159,654 was recognized by the Company, of which $152,480
represents the reversal of the provision for permanent diminution discussed
above.
Income from Operations. Income from operations decreased by 7.6% from
$991,162 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996 to $915,569 for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1997, primarily as the result of a gain on the disposition
of plant and equipment included in 1996 income from operations and the other
factors referenced above.
Other Income. Other income increased from $76,207 for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 1996 to $101,843 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, primarily
as a result of increased subcontracting work for third parties.
Foreign Exchange Losses. Foreign exchange rates produced a loss of $124,469
for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996 and a loss of $135,780 for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1997. This difference was primarily attributable to
differences between the pegged exchange rate in Hong Kong dollars and actual
exchange transactions.
Interest Expenses. Interest expenses decreased by 14.2% from $548,573 in
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996 to $470,655 in the fiscal year ended March
31, 1997, as a result of reduced bank borrowings.
Income Taxes. The Company received an income tax credit of $96,444 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1996 and $71,364 for the fiscal year ended March 31,
1997.
Net Income. Net income decreased by 10.0% from $607,537 for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1996 to $546,589 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997
primarily as a result of a decrease in gross profit margin.
28
<PAGE>
Seasonality
The first calendar quarter of each year is typically the slowest sales
period as the Company's manufacturing facilities in China are closed for two
weeks for Chinese New Year holidays to permit employees to travel to their homes
in China. Throughout the remainder of the year, the Company's products do not
appear to be subject to significant seasonal variation.
Employee incentive compensation is conditioned on the employee's return to
work following the Chinese New Year and is paid to employees following the
reopening of the factory after the holidays. Management believes that this
method has resulted in lower employee turnover than might otherwise have
occurred.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company has traditionally relied on borrowings to meet its working
capital requirements. These borrowings have been supplemented by internally
generated funds and trade credits from suppliers. As of March 31, 1998, the
Company had in place general banking facilities with three financial
institutions aggregating $6,948,717. Such facilities include the ability to
obtain overdrafts, letters of credit, import facilities, trust receipt
financing, inward bills financing, shipping guarantees and fixed loans. As of
March 31, 1998, the Company had utilized $4,009,699 under its general banking
facilities. Interest on this indebtedness fluctuates with the prime rate and
HIBOR as set by the Hong Kong Bankers Association. The bank credit facilities
are collateralized by certain bank deposits of the Company, by the Company's
leasehold property located in Hong Kong and by a bank guarantee in the amount of
$150,000. The Company's bank credit facilities are due for renewal annually.
Management of the Company anticipates that the banking facilities will be
renewed on substantially the same terms. Excluding the current portion of long
term debt and capital lease obligations, the amounts of total short-term bank
borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 1998 and 1997 were $3,199,737 and
$3,728,151, respectively. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998, the
Company paid a total of $503,896 in interest on indebtedness (including
capitalized interest).
Operating activities provided $3,262,259 of net cash for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1998 compared to $3,524,306 of net cash for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1997. The decrease from the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 to
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998, was primarily due to decreases in accounts
payable, accrued charges and deposits. Investing activities used $1,604,013 of
net cash for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998 and used $1,966,801 of net
cash for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997. The decrease in net cash used in
investing activities from the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 to the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1998 was primarily due to a decrease in the acquisition of
property, plant and equipment and an increase in restricted cash deposits.
Financing activities used $1,294,420 of net cash for the fiscal year ended March
31, 1998 and used $1,657,826 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997. This
decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the amount of bank borrowings repaid
during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998.
As of March 31, 1998, the Company had $448,454 in cash and cash equivalents
as opposed to $89,147 as of March 31, 1997. There are no other material unused
sources of liquid assets. The Company believes that there are no material
restrictions (including foreign exchange controls) on the ability of the
Company's subsidiaries to transfer funds to the Company in the form of cash
dividends, loans, advances or product/material purchases.
The Company's current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities)
increased from 1.22 as of March 31, 1997 to 1.54 as of March 31, 1998. Its quick
ratio (cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash deposits and receivables
divided by current liabilities) increased from 0.40 as of March 31, 1997 to 0.53
as of March 31, 1998.
29
<PAGE>
As of March 31, 1998, the Company had commitments: (i) to acquire land and
buildings from third parties for an aggregate consideration of $703,415, of
which $447,735 had been paid in deposits; and (ii) for construction work on an
office building and staff quarters in the amount of $1,133,367 of which $766,718
had been paid as progress payments. In addition, the Company's telephone
development project is expected to require substantial expenditures in the
future. In order to complete development of the telephone and to acquire the
necessary material, equipment and personnel to begin production of the
telephone, the Company must obtain additional funds. Management estimates that
the funds necessary to begin serial production of the telephone range from
$3,000,000 to $9,000,000 United States Dollars, depending upon whether the
Company purchases or leases equipment and the financing approaches utilized by
the Company. The funds for the telephone project may come from the exercise of
outstanding warrants, the offer and sale of public or private equity or debt
instruments, the lease of equipment, or from loans obtained from financial
institutions. To date only a minimal amount of the Company's outstanding
warrants have been exercised. Readers are cautioned that there can be no
assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining the necessary funds,
or that even if funds are obtained, that the telephone project will result in
significant amounts of revenue or net income.
Impact of Inflation
Management believes that inflation has not had a material effect on its
business between 1997 and 1998. The Company has generally been able to modify
and improve its product designs so that it could either increase the prices of
its products or lower the production cost in order to keep pace with inflation.
All of the Company's manufacturing is being done in China, and China is
experiencing inflation. If such trend continues, the Company could incur
increased labor costs with regard to its Chinese operations, resulting in higher
production costs. Although the costs to the Company of certain components used
in the manufacture of its products has increased significantly over the past few
years, management believes that any possible significant increase in material
costs would affect the entire electronics industry and thus would not have a
negative material impact on the Company's competitive position.
Year 2000
The Company, like many owners of computer software, will be required to
modify portions of its software so that it will function properly in the year
2000. The Company's information technology systems are maintained under a
maintenance arrangement with the primary vendor of its information technology
software. The vendor has advised that it does not anticipate any problems in
making the necessary modifications to the Company's software. To date the
Company's accounting system has been updated for Year 2000 compliance, including
upgrading of hardware. Inventory and purchasing software will be completely
upgraded early next year. The total expected costs in relation to these upgrades
are immaterial to the Company. Management anticipates that all necessary changes
to its software will be completed before December 31, 1999, and that the Company
will not experience any significant impact with respect to Year 2000 compliance
with the Company's non-information technology systems and equipment.
Taxation
Under current British Virgin Islands law, the Company is not subject to tax
on its income. Most of the Company's profits accrue in Hong Kong, where the
corporate tax rate is currently 16.5%. There is no tax payable in Hong Kong on
offshore profit or on dividends paid to Bonso Electronics Limited by its
subsidiaries or by Bonso Electronics Limited to the Company. Therefore, the
overall effective tax rate of the Company may be lower than that of most United
States corporations; however, such could be materially and adversely affected by
changes in the tax laws applicable to the Company.
30
<PAGE>
Exchange Rates
The Company sells most of its products to international customers. The
Company's principal export markets are North America (mainly the United States),
Europe (mainly Germany) and Asia. Other markets are other European countries
(such as the United Kingdom), Australia and Africa. Sales to international
customers are made directly from the Company to its customers. The Company sells
all of its products in United States dollars and pays for its material
components principally in United States and Hong Kong dollars. A very small
portion of the components used by the Company are paid for in Japanese yen. Most
factory expenses incurred by the Company are paid in Chinese renminbi. Because
the Hong Kong dollar is pegged to the United States dollar, the only material
foreign exchange risk to the Company arises from potential fluctuations in the
Chinese renminbi; however, the Chinese renminbi was very stable in the past
fiscal year and it is unlikely that there will be material fluctuations in the
coming year. The Company does not currently engage in hedging transactions, and
does not intend to do so in the future.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Financial Accounting Standards Board has issued certain pronouncements
which are not effective with respect to the fiscal years presented in the
consolidated financial statements.
SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income," is effective for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 1997. Reclassification of financial
statements for earlier periods provided for comparative purposes is required.
This statement establishes guidelines for the reporting and display of
comprehensive income and its components (revenues, expenses, gains and losses)
in a full set of general-purpose financial statements. It requires that all
items that are required to be recognized under accounting standards as
components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is
displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements; it does not
address issues of recognition of measurement. The primary element of
comprehensive income applicable to the Company is the foreign currency
cumulative translation adjustment. The adoption of SFAS No. 130 will have no
impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations, financial position
or cash flows.
SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related
Information," is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997.
Reclassification of financial statements for earlier periods provided for
comparative purposes is required. This statement establishes guidelines for the
way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments
in financial statements. This statement also establishes guidelines for related
disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major customers.
The Company has evaluated the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 131 and
believes the adoption will not have a material impact on its future disclosure
requirements.
SFAS No. 132, "Employers' Disclosures about Pensions and Other
Post-retirement Benefits," is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 1997. Restatement of disclosures for earlier periods provided for
comparative purposes is required. This statement revises employers' disclosures
about pension and other post-retirement benefit plans. It does not change the
measurement or recognition of those plans. It standardizes the disclosure
requirements for pensions and other post-retirement benefits to the extent
practicable, requires additional information on changes in the benefit
obligations and fair values of plan assets that will facilitate financial
analysis, and eliminates certain disclosures that are no longer useful. The
statement suggests combined formats for presentation of pension and other
post-retirement benefit disclosures. The Company has evaluated the disclosure
requirements of SFAS No. 132 and believes the adoption will not have a material
impact on its future disclosure requirements.
31
<PAGE>
SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities," is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 1999.
Restatement of disclosures for earlier periods provided for comparative purposes
is required. This statement establishes accounting and reporting standards for
derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in
other contracts, and for hedging activities. The statement requires that an
entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the
statement of financial position and measure those instruments at fair value. The
Company is currently evaluating the effect that implementation of the new
standard will have on its results of operations and financial position.
Item 10. Directors and Officers of Registrant.
- ----------------------------------------------
The directors and executive officers of the Company are as follows:
Name Age Position with the Company
- ---- --- -------------------------
Anthony So 54 President, Chief Executive Officer, Secretary,
Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer, Chairman of
the Board and Director
Kim Wah Chung 40 Director of Engineering and Research and
Development and Director
Kam Sun Luk 53 General Manager and Director
Cathy, Kit Teng Pang 35 Director of Finance and Director
Henry F. Schlueter 47 Assistant Secretary
Woo-Ping Fok 49 Director
George O'Leary 60 Director
ANTHONY SO is the founder of the Company. He has been President, Chairman
of the Board of Directors and Treasurer of the Company since its inception and
has been Secretary of the Company since July 1991. Mr. So received his BSE
degree in civil engineering from National Taiwan University in 1967 and a
masters degree in business administration ("MBA") from the Hong Kong campus of
the University of Hull, Hull, England in 1994. Mr. So has been Chairman of the
Hong Kong GO Association since 1986, and also served as Chairman of the Alumni
Association of National Taiwan University for the 1993-1994 academic year. Mr.
So has served as a trustee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Asia
College since 1994.
KIM WAH CHUNG has been a director of the Company since September 21, 1994.
Mr. Chung has been employed by the Company since 1981 and currently holds the
position of Director of Engineering and Research and Development. Mr. Chung is
responsible for all research projects and product developm ent of the Company.
Mr. Chung's entire engineering career has been spent with the Company, and he
has been involved with every major product development made by the Company. Mr.
Chung was graduated with honors in 1981 from the Chinese University of Hong Kong
with a Bachelor of Science degree in electronics.
KAM SUN LUK was elected to the Board of Directors of the Company on
September 21, 1994 and has been employed by the Company as Director of New
Projects and Quality Control since October 1993. Mr. Luk obtained his bachelors
degree in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University in 1968. Mr.
Luk is also a member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers United Kingdom and
a Chartered Engineer in Electrical Engineering. Mr. Luk was employed by
Semiconductor Devices Ltd. of Hong Kong in a variety of positions between 1970
and 1992 when he joined the Company, including serving as Semiconductor Devices'
General Manager and Senior Vice President.
32
<PAGE>
CATHY, KIT TENG PANG has been a director of the Company since January 1,
1998. Ms. Pang was first employed by the Company as Financial Controller in
December 1996 and was promoted to Director of Finance on January 1, 1998. Ms.
Pang was employed as an auditor in an international audit firm from 1987 to
1991, at which time she joined a Hong Kong Listed company in the field of
magnetic industry as Assistant Financial Controller. From 1994 until she joined
the Company in 1996, she was employed as Deputy Chief Accountant in a management
and property development company in Hong Kong and China. Ms. Pang has a Bachelor
of Business Administration degree from York University in Toronto, Canada. She
is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and of the
Hong Kong Society of Accountants.
HENRY F. SCHLUETER has served as Assistant Secretary of the Company since
October 6, 1988. Since 1992, Mr. Schlueter has been the managing director of
Schlueter & Associates, P.C., a law firm, practicing in the areas of securities,
mergers and acquisitions, finance and corporate law. From 1989 to 1991, prior to
establishing Schlueter & Associates, P.C., Mr. Schlueter was a partner in the
Denver, Colorado office of Kutak Rock (formerly Kutak, Rock & Campbell), and
from 1984 to 1989, he was a partner in the Denver office of Nelson & Harding.
Mr. Schlueter is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants, the Colorado Society of CPA's, the Colorado and Denver Bar
Associations and the Wyoming State Bar. Mr. Schlueter received his law degree
from the University of Wyoming College of Law in 1978. Mr. Schlueter is an
officer and director of JNS Marketing, Inc., an Exchange Act reporting company.
WOO-PING FOK was elected to the Board of Directors of the Company on
September 21, 1994. Mr. Fok and his firm, Norman M.K. Yeung & Co., have served
as Hong Kong counsel to the Company since 1993. Mr. Fok was admitted to the
Canadian Bar as a Barrister & Solicitor in December 1987 and was a partner in
the law firm of Woo & Fok, a Canadian law firm with its head office in Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada. In 1991, Mr. Fok was qualified to practice as a Solicitor of
England & Wales, a Solicitor of Hong Kong and a Barrister & Solicitor of
Australian Capital Territory. Mr. Fok practices law in Hong Kong and is a
partner with Norman M.K. Yeung & Co. Mr. Fok's major areas of practice include
conveyancing or real property law, corporations and business law, commercial
transactions and international tr ade with a special emphasis in China trade
matters.
GEORGE O'LEARY has been a director of the Company since January 1997. From
November 1994 to the present time, Mr. O'Leary has been President of Pacific Rim
Products, Newport Beach, California, a trading company that provides offshore
sourcing alternatives to U.S. based electronics companies. For eight years prior
to 1994, Mr. O'Leary was President, CEO and a director of Micro General
Corporation, Santa Ana, California, a manufacturer and distributor of mechanical
and electronic scale products. For eight years prior to that, Mr. O'Leary was
Vice President and General Manager of Lanier Business Products, Atlanta,
Georgia, a manufacturer and distributor of office products. Mr. O'Leary has a
Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts.
At the present time no family relationship exists among any of the named
directors and executive officers; however, Mr. Cham Some So, who served as a
director until his resignation on April 30, 1998, is the father of Anthony So.
No arrangement or understanding exists between any such director or officer and
any other persons pursuant to which any director or executive officer was
elected as a director or executive officer of the Company. The directors of the
Company are elected annually and serve until their successors take office or
until their death, resignation or removal. The executive officers serve at the
pleasure of the Board of Directors of the Company.
33
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Item 11. Compensation of Directors and Officers .
- -------------------------------------------------
Executive Officers and Directors
The following table sets forth certain information as to the compensation
paid to certain of the Company's executive officers and directors and for all
directors and executive officers as a group for the year ended March 31, 1998:
Cash Non-Cash
Name of Individual Capacities in Which Served Compensation Compensation
- ------------------ -------------------------- ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Anthony So President, Chief Executive Officer,
Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Financial
Officer, Chairman of the Board and
Director $ 401,873(1) $ 98,687(1)
Kim Wah Chung Director of Engineering and Research
and Development and Director $ 88,162(2) $ 52,013(2)
Kam Sun Luk Director of New Projects and Quality
Control and Director $ 102,308(3) $ 4,615(3)
Cathy Pang Director of Finance and Director $ 22,885 $ 1,144
Henry F. Schlueter Assistant Secretary $ -- $ --
Woo Ping Fok Director $ -- $ --
George O'Leary Director $ 354,835(4) $ --
Cham Some So Director(5) $ 66,410 $ --
All directors and
officers as a group (8 persons) $1,036,473 $156,459
- ----------------------
(1) Cash compensation consists of emoluments of $401,873. Non-cash compensation
consists of a $12,500 contribution to the Company's Provident Fund Plan,
life insurance of $6,187 and the value of housing provided to Mr. So valued
at $80,000 during fiscal 1998. See "Provident Fund Plan," below, and Item
13 - "Interest of Management in Certain Transactions."
(2) Cash compensation consists of emoluments of $88,162. Non-cash compensation
consists of a $8,500 contribution to the Company's Provident Fund Plan,
life insurance of $5,051 and a housing allowance of $38,462. See "Provident
Fund Plan," below, and Item 13 - "Interest of Management in Certain Tr
ansactions."
(3) Cash compensation consists of emoluments of $102,308. Non-cash compensation
consists of a $4,615 contribution to the Company's Provident Fund Plan. See
"Provident Fund Plan," below.
(4) Consists of payments made pursuant to a sales commission arrangement with
the Company. See Item 13 - "Interest of Management in Certain
Transactions."
(5) Consists of $66,410 paid as a director's fee. Mr. Cham Some So resigned
from the Board of Directors as of April 30, 1998.
The Company did not set aside or accrue any amounts to provide pension,
retirement or similar benefits for directors and officers for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1998, other than contributions to the Company's Provident Fund
Plan which aggregated $26,759 for officers and directors in 1998.
34
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Directors
Except for Cham Some So, who was paid director's fees of $66,410 during the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1998, directors do not receive any additional
monetary compensation for serving as directors of the Company. However, outside
directors receive stock options pursuant to the 1996 Non-Employee Directors'
Stock Option Plan and have been granted other options. (See "Stock Option
Plans--The 1996 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan," below, and Item 12 -
"Options to Purchase Securities from Registrant or Subsidiaries.") All directors
are reimbursed for all reasonable expenses incurred in connection with services
as a director.
Provident Fund Plan
On January 1, 1988, the Company started a provident fund plan with a major
international assurance company to provide life insurance and retirement
benefits to its employees. All permanent full-time employees, excluding
employees of the China subsidiary, are eligible to join the plan.
Each participant is required to contribute 5% of his salary, which amount
is deducted monthly from the participant's salary. The contribution by the
Company is either 5%, 7.5% or 10% of the participant's salary, depending on
whether the length of the participant's service is less than five years, between
five and ten years or more than ten years, respectively.
At normal retirement age or "ill health" (defined essentially as
disability), the participant is entitled to receive from the plan a lump sum
equal to the total of the participant's and the Company's balances. On
resignation prior to normal retirement age, a participant is entitled to receive
from the plan a lump sum equal to his balance plus a percentage of the
employer's balance determined in accordance with a predetermined scale. Upon the
death of a participant, the benefit (calculated as at normal retirement age) is
paid to the employer to be held in trust for the participant's beneficiaries and
paid to them as the employer determines.
The Company's aggregate contributions to the Provident Fund Plan for the
years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 amounted to $41,414, $54,924 and
$45,227, respectively.
Stock Option Plans
The 1996 Stock Option Plan
In August 1996, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 1996
Stock Option Plan (the "Employees' Plan") which provides for the grant of
options to purchase an aggregate of not more than 400,000 shares of the
Company's Common Stock. The purpose of the Employees' Plan is to make options
available to management and employees of the Company in order to encourage them
to secure or increase on reasonable terms their stock ownership in the Company
and to encourage them to remain in the employ of the Company.
The Employees' Plan will be administered by a committee appointed by the
Board of Directors which determines the persons to be granted options under the
Employees' Plan, the number of shares subject to each option, the exercise price
of each option and the option period, subject to the requirement that no option
may be exercisable more than 10 years after the date of grant. The exercise
price of an option may be less than fair market value of the underlying shares
of Common Stock. No options granted under the Employee Plan will be transferable
by the optionee other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution and
each option will be exercisable, during the lifetime of the optionee, only by
such optionee.
The exercise price of an option granted pursuant to the Employees' Plan may
be paid in cash, by the surrender of options, in Common Stock, in other
property, including the optionee's promissory note, or by a combination of the
above.
35
<PAGE>
The 1996 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan
In August 1996, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a 1996
Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan (the "Non-Employee Directors' Plan")
which provides for the grant of options to purchase an aggregate of not more
than 100,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock. The purpose of the
Non-Employee Directors' Plan is to promote the long-term success of the Company
by creating a long-term mutuality of interests between the non-employee
directors and the stockholders of the Company, to provide an additional
inducement for such directors to remain with the Company and to provide a means
through which the Company may attract able persons to serve as directors of the
Company. The Non-Employee Directors' Plan will be administered by a committee
(the "Committee") appointed by the Board of Directors.
Under the Non-Employee Directors' Plan, on the third business day following
each Annual Meeting of the stockholders, each director who is not then an
employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries will automatically be granted
a stock option to purchase 10,000 shares of Common Stock. The exercise price of
all options granted under the Non-Employee Directors' Plan will be equal to the
fair market value of the underlying shares on the date of grant, based on
guidelines set forth in the Non-Employee Directors' Plan. The exercise price may
be paid in cash, by the surrender of options, in Common Stock, in other
property, including the optionee's promissory note, or by a combination of the
above. The term of each option granted pursuant to the Non-Employee Directors'
Plan will be ten years from the date of grant; however, no such option may be
exercised during the first six months of its term. The term of an option granted
pursuant to the Non-Employee Directors' Plan may be reduced in the event that
the optionee ceases to be a director of the Company. No option granted pursuant
to the Non-Employee Directors' Plan will be transferable otherwise than by will
or the laws of descent and distribution.
Item 12. Options to Purchase Securities from Registrant or Subsidiaries.
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Warrants
As a result of a public offering of Units conducted in December 1994, the
Company issued 2,200,000 Public Warrants. Each Warrant entitles the holder
thereof to purchase one share of Common Stock at $7.35 per share. By their
terms, the Public Warrants expire on December 14, 1999, unless extended.
Representatives' Warrants
In conjunction with a public offering of Units conducted in December 1994,
the Company issued Representatives' Warrants entitling the holders thereof to
purchase up to 110,000 Units, each Unit to consist of one share of Common Stock
and two Public Warrants, at an exercise price of $9.1875 per Unit. The
Representatives' Warrants are exercisable until December 16, 1999. Upon any
transfer after December 15, 1996 to a person other than an officer, shareholder
or director of the Representatives, the transferred Representatives' Warrants
must be exercised immediately or they will lapse. In addition, the Company
granted certain rights to the holders of the Representatives' Warrants under the
Securities Act.
36
<PAGE>
Options
The following table sets forth all options to purchase Common Stock granted
by the Company which are outstanding as of the date of this Annual Report.
Number of Exercise Price Expiration
Options per Share Date
------- --------- ----
20,000 $2.25 October 16, 2006
420,000 $2.00 January 31, 2007
40,000 $5.06 September 8, 2007
220,000 $6.20 January 2008
Item 13. Interest of Management in Certain Transactions.
- --------------------------------------------------------
Over the years, the Company has provided to and received cash advances from
its officers and directors. In October 1994, the Board of Directors adopted a
policy resolution prohibiting the Company from making any loan or advance of
money or property, or guaranteeing the obligation of any directors of the
Company, and limiting the Company's ability to make such loans, advances or
guarantees to officers of the Company or its subsidiaries unless a majority of
independent, disinterested outside directors determine that such loan, advance
or guarantee may reasonably be expected to benefit the Company. Further, all
future material affiliated transactions, loans and loan guarantees, if any, will
be made on terms that are no less favorable to the Company than those that are
generally available from unaffiliated third parties. The Company has neither
provided nor received any cash advances to it officers or directors since this
policy resolution was adopted.
It is common practice in Hong Kong, the location of the Company's principal
executive offices, to provide a housing allowance or living accommodations for
senior executives as part of their compensation. The Company provides Mr.
Anthony So with living accommodations consisting of a Company-owned townhouse,
for which the Company paid a total purchase price of approximately $1,337,000.
The Company valued this benefit at $80,000 during the fiscal year ended March
31, 1998. The Company also provides Mr. Kim Wah Chung, its Director of
Engineering and Research and Development and a director of the Company, with a
housing allowance which amounted to $38,462 during the fiscal year ended March
31, 1998.
Mr. George O'Leary, a director of the Company, is paid a commission on
orders placed by customers which he obtains for the Company. The amount of the
commission is negotiated on a deal-by-deal basis, without a written agreement.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998, Mr. O'Leary was paid an aggregate
of $354,835 in commissions.
PART II
-------
Item 14. Description of Securities to be Registered.
- ----------------------------------------------------
Not applicable.
PART III
--------
Item 15. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
- -----------------------------------------
Not applicable.
37
<PAGE>
Item 16. Changes in Securities and Changes in Security for Registered
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Securities.
- -----------
On July 22, 1998 the Company issued a notice to redeem the Public Warrants
on September 4, 1998 for $0.05 per Public Warrant. On September 2, 1998, the
notice to redeem was rescinded.
PART IV
-------
Item 17. Financial Statements.
- ------------------------------
Not applicable.
Item 18. Financial Statements.
- ------------------------------
Reference is made to Item 19(a) for a list of all financial statements
filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
Item 19. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
- -------------------------------------------
(a) The following Financial Statements are filed as part of this Annual
Report:
Page
----
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements F-1
Report of Independent Accountants F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 1997 and 1998 F-3
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended F-4
March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years F-5
ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended F-6
March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-7 through 25
The following Exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report, or are
incorporated by reference to previously filed documents:
Exhibit No. Description
- ----------- -----------
10.1 Lease for real property located at Universal Industrial Centre, (1)
23-25 Shan Mei Street, Fo Tan, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
10.2 English translation of Amendment to Contract for the Use of (1)
Land and Supply of Workers between the Company and Shenzhen Boaon
Fuan Industrial Company
- --------------------------
(1) This document has been previously filed as an Exhibit to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form F-3 (SEC Registration No. 333-9002), and is
hereby incorporated by reference.
38
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Contents Pages
Report of Independent Accountants .................................... F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 1997 and 1998 ............ F-3
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended ................ F-4
March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the ... F-5
years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended ............ F-6
March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ...................... F-7 to F-25
F-1
<PAGE>
Coopers certified public accountants SUNNING PLAZA telephone 2839-4321
& Lybrand 10 Hysan Avenue telegrams Colybrand
Hong Kong telex HX 74378
fax 2576-5356
Report of Independent Accountants
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Bonso
Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries (the "Group") as of March 31,
1997 and 1998 and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in
shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended March 31, 1998. These consolidated financial statements are the
responsibility of the Group's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Bonso
Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries as of March 31, 1997 and 1998
and the results of their operations and cash flows for each of the three years
in the period ended March 31, 1998, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States of America.
Coopers & Lybrand
Hong Kong,
May 29, 1998
except as to the information presented
in Note 18, for which the date is
September 30, 1998
F-2
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
March 31
-----------------------------
1997 1998
Assets $ $
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 89,147 448,454
Restricted cash deposits (Note 8) 886,320 952,267
Trade receivables, net (Note 2) 970,490 964,958
Inventories, net (Note 3) 6,141,788 5,966,700
Notes receivable 767,533 340,518
Income tax recoverable 33,818 --
Deferred income tax assets - current (Note 6(d)) 16,204 35,088
Other receivables, deposits and prepayments 344,620 400,924
----------- ----------
Total current assets 9,249,920 9,108,909
----------- ----------
Deposits (Note 11(b)) 461,554 447,735
Deferred income tax assets - non current (Note 6(d)) 199 38,430
Property, plant and equipment
Leasehold land and buildings 7,187,364 7,259,414
Construction-in-progress 19,103 785,364
Plant and machinery 2,954,370 3,385,846
Molds 2,082,940 2,108,967
Furniture, fixtures and equipment 2,236,628 2,122,805
Motor vehicles 207,050 306,946
----------- ----------
14,687,455 15,969,342
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (3,883,517) (4,917,853)
----------- ----------
Net property, plant and equipment 10,803,938 11,051,489
----------- ----------
Total assets 20,515,611 20,646,563
=========== ==========
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Current liabilities
Bank overdrafts (Note 8) 780,976 600,721
Notes payable (Note 8) 1,993,533 2,260,384
Accounts payable 1,745,617 1,560,954
Accrued charges and deposits 1,382,026 482,222
Income taxes payable -- 30,000
Short-term loans (Note 8) 953,642 338,632
Current portion of long-term debt and
capital lease obligations (Notes 5 and 7(a)) 730,780 652,041
----------- ----------
Total current liabilities 7,586,574 5,924,954
----------- ----------
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net of
current maturities (Notes 5 and 7(a)) 786,685 242,889
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Minority interests (Note 13) -- --
Shareholders'equity (Notes 9(b), 14 and 15)
Common stock par value $0.003 per share - authorized
shares - 23,333,334
- issued and outstanding shares - 2,828,562 8,477 8,485
Additional paid-in capital 8,705,917 8,724,503
Promissory note receivable from
shareholder (Note 9(b)) -- (1,350,000)
Common stock subscribed (Note 9(b)) -- 1,350,000
Retained earnings 3,237,559 5,512,204
Cumulative translation adjustment 190,399 233,528
----------- ----------
12,142,352 14,478,720
----------- ----------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 20,515,611 20,646,563
=========== ==========
See notes to these consolidated financial statements
F-3
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
Year ended March 31
--------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---------- ----------- -----------
$ $ $
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales (Note 16) 14,248,235 16,989,019 23,715,576
Cost of sales 9,411,688 12,096,085 17,071,089
----------- ----------- -----------
Gross margin 4,836,547 4,892,934 6,644,487
Selling expenses 325,344 432,518 419,755
Salaries and related costs 1,960,716 1,973,021 1,897,412
Research and development expenses 172,920 122,263 158,706
Administration and general expenses 1,233,925 1,609,217 1,814,535
Provision for permanent diminution in
value of investment in a joint venture
company (Note 13) 152,480 -- --
Net gain on liquidation of a joint venture
company (Note 13) -- (159,654) --
----------- ----------- -----------
Income from operations 991,162 915,569 2,354,079
Interest income 127,061 64,248 73,431
Interest expenses (606,300) (532,068) (503,896)
Less: Interest capitalized 57,727 61,413 46,058
(548,573) (470,655) (457,838)
Foreign exchange (losses)/gains (124,469) (135,780) 35,187
Other income 76,207 101,843 242,669
----------- ----------- -----------
Income before income taxes 521,388 475,225 2,247,528
Income tax benefit (Note 6(c)) 96,444 71,364 27,117
----------- ----------- -----------
Income before minority interests 617,832 546,589 2,274,645
Minority interests (Note 13) (10,295) -- --
----------- ----------- -----------
Net income 607,537 546,589 2,274,645
=========== =========== ===========
Earnings per share (Note 12)
Basic 0.21 0.19 0.80
=========== =========== ===========
Diluted 0.21 0.19 0.73
=========== =========== ===========
See notes to these consolidated financial statements
F-4
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
Promissory
Common stock note
----------------------- Additional receivable Common Cumulative Total
Shares Amount paid-in from stock Retained translation shareholders'
outstanding outstanding capital shareholder subscribed earnings adjustment equity
----------- ----------- ------- ----------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Balance, March 31,
1995 2,825,949 8,477 8,705,917 -- -- 2,083,433 (33,661) 10,764,166
Net income -- -- -- -- -- 607,537 -- 607,537
Cumulative translation
adjustment -- -- -- -- -- -- 61,090 61,090
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -------- -----------
Balance, March 31
1996 2,825,949 8,477 8,705,917 -- -- 2,690,970 27,429 11,432,793
Net income -- -- -- -- -- 546,589 -- 546,589
Cumulative translation
adjustment -- -- -- -- -- -- 57,746 57,746
Reversal upon liquidation
of a joint venture
company -- -- -- -- -- -- 105,224 105,224
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -------- -----------
Balance, March 31,
1997 2,825,949 8,477 8,705,917 -- -- 3,237,559 190,399 12,142,352
Common stock issued
upon exercise of
warrants (Note 15) 2,613 8 18,586 -- -- -- -- 18,594
Net income -- -- -- -- -- 2,274,645 -- 2,274,645
Cumulative translation
adjustment -- -- -- -- -- -- 45,779 45,779
Common stock subscribed
(Note 9(b)) -- -- -- (1,350,000) 1,350,000 -- -- --
Reversal upon liquidation
of a subsidiary -- -- -- -- -- -- (2,650) (2,650)
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -------- -----------
Balance, March 31,
1998 2,828,562 8,485 8,724,503 (1,350,000) 1,350,000 5,512,204 233,528 14,478,720
========= ======= =========== =========== =========== =========== ======== ===========
See notes to these consolidated financial statements
F-5
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
Year ended March 31
--------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---------- --------- ---------
$ $ $
Cash flows from operating activities
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income 607,537 546,589 2,274,645
Adjustments to reconcile net income
to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation 675,452 681,730 942,894
Amortization 117,157 279,201 482,214
Other 69,910 (71,716) 113,794
Changes in assets and liabilities,
net of disposed subsidiary:
Trade receivables 73,324 394,234 45,929
Other receivables, deposits and prepayments 722,645 773,636 (57,577)
Notes receivable 157,656 (535,685) 427,015
Inventories (2,265,288) 275,537 53,994
Accounts payable, accrued charges and deposits 416,252 1,237,089 (1,084,467)
Other (43,702) (56,309) 63,818
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash provided by operating activities 530,943 3,524,306 3,262,259
---------- ---------- ----------
Cash flows from investing activities
Restricted cash deposits 1,115,527 664,820 (65,947)
Deposit for properties -- -- (64,215)
Proceeds from disposal of property,
plant and equipment 91,231 212,494 83,418
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment (3,215,030) (2,844,115) (1,557,269)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash used in investing activities (2,008,272) (1,966,801) (1,604,013)
---------- ---------- ----------
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 1,025,640 -- --
Principal payments under long-term debt -- (307,692) (410,256)
Capital lease payments (130,305) (169,569) (355,750)
Net borrowings/(repayment)under
banking facilities 531,717 (1,180,565) (528,414)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities 1,427,052 (1,657,826) (1,294,420)
---------- ---------- ----------
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash 61,090 23,457 (4,519)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net increase/(decrease) in cash 10,813 (76,864) 359,307
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 155,198 166,011 89,147
---------- ---------- ----------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 166,011 89,147 448,454
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized 548,573 470,655 457,838
Income tax paid, net of refund 1,469 50,383 (33,818)
See notes to these consolidated financial statements
F-6
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
1 Description of business and significant accounting policies
Bonso Electronics International Inc. ("the Company") and its subsidiaries are
engaged in the designing, manufacturing and selling of a comprehensive line of
electronic scales and weighing instruments, electronic consumer and health
products.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in United States
dollars and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the
United States of America. The preparation of consolidated financial statements
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
Significant estimates made by management include provisions made against
inventories and trade receivables. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
The significant accounting policies are as follows:
(a) Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and
its foreign subsidiaries (hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Group").
All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated.
(b) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments with
original maturities of three months or less. Cash equivalents are stated at
cost, which approximates fair value because of the short term maturity of these
instruments.
(c) Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost
determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Net realizable value is the price at
which inventories can be sold in the normal course of business after allowing
for the costs of completion and disposal.
(d) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized when the products are shipped to customers.
(e) Property, plant and equipment
(i) Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Leasehold land and
buildings are amortized on a straight-line basis over 15 to 50 years,
representing the shorter of the remaining term of the lease or the expected
useful life to the Group.
(ii) Construction-in-progress represents factories and office buildings under
construction and is stated at cost. Cost includes the costs of construction
and interest charges arising from borrowings used to finance these assets
during the period of construction. Construction-in-progress is not
depreciated during the period of construction.
F-7
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
1 Description of business and significant accounting policies (cont'd)
(e) Property, plant and equipment (cont'd)
(iii)Other fixed assets are carried at cost and depreciated using the
straight-line method over their expected useful lives to the Group. The
principal annual rates used for this purpose are:
Plant and machinery - 14% to 33.3%
Molds - 20%
Furniture, fixtures and equipment - 20%
Motor vehicles - 20%
(iv) The cost of major improvements and betterments is capitalized, whereas the
cost of maintenance and repairs is expensed in the year incurred.
(v) Any gain or loss on disposal is included in the Consolidated Statements of
Income.
(f) Research and development costs
Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred.
(g) Advertising
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included within selling
expenses.
Total advertising costs incurred for the years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and
1998 amounted to $32,961, $22,315 and $9,078, respectively.
(h) Deferred income taxes
Amounts in the consolidated financial statements related to income taxes are
calculated using the principles of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
("SFAS") No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes". SFAS No. 109 requires
recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax
consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or
tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are
determined based on the temporary differences between the financial reporting
basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect
for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Future tax
benefits, such as net operating loss carry forwards, are recognized to the
extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not to occur.
(i) Capitalization of interest costs
Interest attributable to borrowings used to finance the construction of
factories and office buildings is capitalized as an additional cost of the
related assets. Interest is capitalized by applying the weighted average
interest rate on borrowings outstanding during the year or, where applicable,
the interest rate related to specific borrowings, to the average amount of the
accumulated expenditures for the assets during the period. Capitalization of
interest ceases when the property is ready for its intended use.
F-8
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
1 Description of business and significant accounting policies (cont'd)
(j) Foreign currency translations
(i) The functional currency of the Company and one of its Hong Kong
subsidiaries is the United States dollar and the functional currency of the
other Hong Kong subsidiaries is the Hong Kong dollar. The functional
currency of the Company's subsidiaries in the PRC is the Renminbi, the
national currency of the PRC. The functional currency of the Company's
subsidiary in Canada, which was liquidated during the year, is the Canadian
dollar.
(ii) The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries where the U.S. dollar is
the functional currency and which have certain transactions denominated in
non-U.S. dollar currencies are remeasured as if the functional currency
were the U.S. dollar. The remeasurement of local currencies into U.S.
dollars creates translation adjustments which are included in net income.
(iii)The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, where the local currency
is the functional currency, are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange
rates in effect at period end for assets and liabilities and average
exchange rates during each reporting period for statement of income.
Adjustments resulting from translation of financial statements are
reflected as a separate component of shareholders' equity.
(k) Adoption of new accounting standards for calculation of Earnings Per Share
The Group adopted the provisions of SFAS No.128 "Earnings per Share". This
statement establishes guidelines for computing and presenting earnings per share
("EPS") and applies to entities with publicly held common stock or potential
common stock. This replaces the presentation of primary EPS with a presentation
of basic EPS. It also requires dual presentation of basic and diluted EPS for
all entities with complex capital structures. The Group adopted this standard
from December 15, 1997. The comparative basic and diluted EPS have been restated
in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(l) Recent accounting pronouncements
The Financial Accounting Standards Board has issued certain pronouncements which
are not effective with respect to the fiscal years presented in the consolidated
financial statements.
SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income", is effective for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 1997. Reclassification of financial statements for
earlier periods provided for comparative purposes is required. This statement
establishes guidelines for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and
its components (revenues, expenses, gains and losses) in a full set of
general-purpose financial statements. It requires that all items that are
required to be recognized under accounting standards as components of
comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with
the same prominence as other financial statements; it does not address issues of
recognition or measurement. The primary element of comprehensive income
applicable to the Group is the foreign currency cumulative translation
adjustment. The adoption of SFAS No. 130 will have no impact on the Group's
consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related
Information" is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997.
Reclassification of financial statements for earlier periods provided for
comparative purposes is required. This statement establishes guidelines for the
way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments
in financial statements. This statement also establishes guidelines for related
disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers.
The Group has evaluated the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 131 and believes
the adoption will not have a material impact on its future disclosure
requirements.
F-9
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
1 Description of business and significant accounting policies (cont'd)
(l) Recent accounting pronouncements (cont'd)
SFAS No. 132, "Employers' Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement
benefits" is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997.
Restatement of disclosures for earlier periods provided for comparative purposes
is required. This statement revises employers' disclosures about pension and
other postretirement benefit plans. It does not change the measurement or
recognition of those plans. It standardizes the disclosure requirements for
pensions and other postretirement benefits to the extent practicable, requires
additional information on changes in the benefit obligations and fair values of
plan assets that will facilitate financial analysis, and eliminates certain
disclosures that are no longer useful. The statement suggests combined formats
for presentation of pension and other postretirement benefit disclosures. The
Group has evaluated the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 132 and believes the
adoption will not have a material impact on its future disclosure requirements.
(m) Reclassifications
Reclassifications of certain prior period balances have been made to conform
with the current method of presentation.
2 Allowance for doubtful accounts
Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts consist of:
1996 1997 1998
------ ------ ------
$ $ $
Balance, April 1 -- 52,919 99,856
Additions charged to expense 52,919 46,937 --
Write-off -- -- (26,126)
Provision written back -- -- (40,397)
------ ------ ------
Balance, March 31 52,919 99,856 33,333
====== ====== ======
3 Inventories
(a) The components of inventories are as follows:
March 31
-------------------------
1997 1998
--------- --------
$ $
Raw materials 3,603,760 4,288,182
Work in progress 791,265 849,343
Finished goods 1,893,293 1,096,799
--------- ---------
6,288,318 6,234,324
Inventories reserves (146,530) (267,624)
--------- ---------
6,141,788 5,966,700
========= =========
F-10
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
3 Inventories (cont'd)
(b) Changes in the inventories reserves consist of the following:
1996 1997 1998
-------- -------- --------
$ $ $
Balance, April 1 34,000 49,014 146,530
Additions charged to expense 15,014 131,516 121,094
Write-off -- (34,000) --
-------- -------- --------
Balance, March 31 49,014 146,530 267,624
======== ======== ========
4 Equity investment in an affiliate
As of March 31, 1997, the Company had a 75% interest in Beijing Cobell and Bonso
Electronics Company Limited ("BCBE"), an equity joint venture established in the
People's Republic of China excluding Hong Kong ("PRC"). The Company made cash
contributions to BCBE totalling $787,500 and is entitled to 75% of the results
of BCBE. As of March 31,1995, BCBE ceased business and a provision for permanent
diminution in value of BCBE amounting to $223,596 and representing the carrying
value of the venture in full was considered necessary and made at that time.
During the year ended March 31, 1998, the investment in the venture has been
completely written off as BCBE is in the process of liquidation.
5 Long-term debt
Long-term debt denominated in Hong Kong dollars consists of the following:
March 31
-------------------
1997 1998
-------- -------
$ $
Loan payable to a bank at HIBOR plus 2.25
%(8.5% as of March 31, 1998) payable in
equal quarterly installments of $102,564
plus interest, maturing in October 1998 717,948 307,692
Less: current portion 410,256 307,692
------- -------
Long-term debt, less current maturities 307,692 --
======= =======
All the long-term debt matures during the year ending March 31, 1999.
6 Taxation
(a) The companies are subject to tax on an entity basis on income arising in or
derived from Hong Kong and the PRC. The current rates of taxation of the
subsidiaries operating in Hong Kong and Shenzhen in the PRC are 16.5% and
15%, respectively. The Group is not subject to income taxes in the British
Virgin Islands.
(b) Pursuant to the relevant income tax laws in the PRC, Bonso Electronics
(Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is fully
exempt from PRC state income tax for two years starting from the first
profit-making year followed by a 50% reduction over the ensuing three
years. Bonso Electronics (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. was loss-making for the years
ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998.
F-11
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
6 Taxation (cont'd)
(c) The components of the income tax benefit are as follows:
Year ended March 31
-------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
------- ------- -------
$ $ $
Deferred income tax benefit 54,211 65,438 57,117
Current income tax benefit/(expense) 42,233 5,926 (30,000)
------- ------- -------
Total income tax benefit 96,444 71,364 27,117
======= ======= =======
(d) Deferred tax assets are comprised of the following:
March 31
-----------------------
1997 1998
-------- -------
$ $
Deferred tax liabilities
Accelerated depreciation (43,795) (34,387)
Deferred tax assets
Tax loss carry forwards 191,710 133,993
Valuation allowance (147,716) (61,176)
-------- --------
43,994 72,817
Other 16,204 35,088
-------- --------
60,198 107,905
-------- --------
16,403 73,518
Less: current portion 16,204 35,088
-------- --------
Deferred tax assets, non current portion 199 38,430
======== ========
As of March 31, 1998, the Group had accumulated tax losses amounting to $837,459
(the tax effect thereon is $133,993) which may be carried forward and applied to
reduce future taxable income which is earned in or derived from Hong Kong.
Realization of deferred tax assets associated with tax loss carry forwards is
dependent upon generating sufficient taxable income prior to their expiration. A
valuation allowance is established against such tax losses when management
believes it is more likely than not that a portion may be disputed by the tax
authorities.
As of March 31, 1998, the Group's accumulated tax losses have no definite period
of expiration.
(e) Changes in the valuation allowance consist of:
1996 1997 1998
------- -------- --------
$ $ $
Balance, April 1 23,458 89,112 147,716
Additions charged to income tax expense 65,654 58,604 55,082
Release of valuation allowance upon:
- liquidation of subsidiary -- -- (62,089)
- approval of losses by tax authorities -- -- (77,621)
Effect of change in tax rate -- -- (1,912)
-------- -------- --------
Balance, March 31 89,112 147,716 61,176
======== ======== ========
F-12
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
6 Taxation (cont'd)
(f) The actual income tax benefit attributable to earnings for the years ended
March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 differed from the amounts computed by
applying the Hong Kong statutory tax rate in accordance with the relevant
income tax law as a result of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended March 31
---------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- -------- ---------
$ $ $
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Hong Kong statutory tax rate 16.5% 16.5% 16.5%
Income tax expense at the Hong Kong
statutory tax rate (86,029) (78,412) (370,842)
Expenses not deductible for
income tax purposes -- (14,124) (14,345)
Effect of income
tax rate differential between
Hong Kong and other jurisdictions 11,597 5,236 119
Gain on liquidation of a
joint venture company not liable
to income tax -- 29,933 --
Gain on disposal of non-taxable property,
plant and equipment 17,587 -- 773
Provision for permanent diminution in value
of investment in a joint venture company
not deductible for income tax purposes (25,159) -- --
Offshore profit not subject to income tax 162,125 181,409 381,167
Valuation allowance on tax loss (65,654) (58,604) 22,539
Overprovision for Hong Kong tax
in prior years 81,977 5,926 10,246
Write-off of deferred tax benefit upon
liquidation of subsidiary -- -- (62,089)
Release of valuation allowance
upon liquidation of subsidiary -- -- 62,089
Effect of change in tax rate -- -- (2,767)
Other -- -- 227
-------- -------- --------
Total income tax benefit 96,444 71,364 27,117
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
7 Leases
(a) Capital leases
Motor vehicles and plant and machinery include the following amounts for
capitalized leases:
Motor vehicles Plant and machinery
-------------------- ---------------------
March 31 March 31
-------------------- ---------------------
1997 1998 1997 1998
--------- --------- -------- ---------
$ $ $ $
Cost 104,231 45,835 1,341,691 1,397,129
Less: accumulated amortization 42,506 7,639 112,914 344,684
--------- --------- --------- ---------
61,725 38,196 1,228,777 1,052,445
========= ========= ========= =========
During the years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, the Group entered into
additional capital lease obligations amounting to $71,795, $880,261 and
$143,471, respectively.
F-13
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
7 Leases (cont'd)
(a) Capital leases (cont'd)
Future minimum payments for capital leases as of March 31, 1998 with an initial
term of more than one year are as follows:
$
1999 405,500
2000 274,821
2001 9,962
-------
Total minimum lease payments 690,283
Less: amount representing interest 103,045
-------
Present value of net minimum lease
payments (including current portion
of $344,349, as of March 31, 1998) 587,238
=======
(b) Operating leases
As of March 31, 1998, future minimum lease commitments in respect of
noncancellable operating leases for office premises and staff quarters in Hong
Kong and the PRC are as follows:
$
1999 25,641
2000 38,462
------
64,103
======
Rent expense for all operating leases amounted to $266,097, $279,311 and
$196,622 for the years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
8 Banking facilities
As of March 31, 1998, the Group had general banking facilities for bank
overdrafts, notes payable, short-term loans and long-term debt. The facilities
are interchangeable with total amounts available of $6,948,717 (1997:
$7,564,102), including facilities in respect of letters of credit of $1,282,051
(1997: $897,436). All general banking facilities granted to the Group are
denominated in Hong Kong dollars.
F-14
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
8 Banking facilities (cont'd)
The Group's general banking facilities, expressed in United States Dollars, are
further analyzed as follows:
Amount available Amount utilized Terms of banking facilities
March 31 March 31 as of March 31, 1998
-------------------- --------------------- -----------------------------------------
1997 1998 1997 1998 Interest Repayment
$ $ $ $ rate terms
---------- --------- --------- --------- ------------------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Bank overdrafts 641,026 897,436 780,976 600,721 Prime rate plus 0.25% Repayable on
to Prime rate plus 0.5% demand
Notes payable 3,206,486 3,635,726 1,993,533 2,260,384 Prime rate minus 0.5% Repayable in
to Prime rate plus 0.5% full within
four months
Short-term loans 1,793,514 723,248 953,642 338,632 Prime rate minus 0.5% Repayable in
to Prime rate plus 0.5% full within
three months
Long-term debt, 1,025,640 410,256 717,948 307,692 HIBOR plus 2.25% Repayable in
including current equal quarterly
maturities (Note 5) installments of
$102,564 plus
interest, maturing
in October, 1998
Letters of credit 897,436 1,282,051 370,469 502,270 Nil Nil
------- --------- ------- -------
7,564,102 6,948,717 4,816,568 4,009,699
========= ========= ========= =========
</TABLE>
The Prime rate and HIBOR rate were 10.00% and 6.25%, respectively, as of March
31, 1998. The Prime rate is determined by the Hong Kong Bankers Association and
is subject to revision from time to time.
The banking facilities are collateralized by the following:
(a) a legal charge over a leasehold property of the Group with net book value
of $1,269,917 (1997: $1,298,033); and
(b) a bank guarantee of $150,000 (1997: $150,000) and restricted cash deposits
of $952,267 (1997: $886,320). The restricted cash deposits have original
maturities of less than three months.
The weighted average interest rate of short-term borrowings of the Group is as
follows:
Year ended March 31
--------------------------
1997 1998
---- ----
Bank overdrafts 8.9% 9.5%
Notes payable 8.7% 9.4%
Short-term loans 8.7% 9.4%
F-15
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
9 Related party transactions
(a) The Group paid emoluments, commissions and/or consultancy fees to their
directors as follows:
Year ended Mr. So Hung Mr. So Mr. Ray Mr. Chung
March 31 Gun, Anthony Cham Some Mehra Kim Wah
- -------- ------------ --------- ----- -------
1996 $ 50,000 $310,000 $28,000 $ 88,462(ii)
1997 $443,590 $ 66,410 $21,986 $ 115,226(ii)
1998 $500,560 $ 66,410 $11,000 $ 140,175(ii)
Mr. Luk Mr. Fok Mr. George Mr. Pang Kit
Kam Sun Woo Ping O'Leary Teng, Cathy
------- -------- ------- -----------
1996 $ 83,333 $ 12,000 NIL NIL
1997 $100,564 $ 12,000 $ 52,605(i) NIL
1998 $106,923 NIL $354,835(i) $ 24,029
(i) This represented commissions paid to Mr. George O'Leary,
(ii) Included in the emoluments is a housing allowance for $38,462 payable to a
company in which Mr. Chung Kim Wah has a beneficial interest for each of
the three years in the period ended March 31, 1998.
(b) Promissory note receivable from shareholder
On March 27, 1998, Advantage List & Marketing Corporation ("ALMC") subscribed
200,000 shares of common stock of the Company at a price of $6.75 per share
which represented the fair market value at the date of subscription, in exchange
for ALMC's promissory note. On the same date, ALMC entered into a pledge
agreement simultaneously under which ALMC agreed to pledge the common stock to
the Company as security for the payment of the promissory note. The promissory
note is with full recourse, interest free and shall be fully repayable on or
before September 27, 1999.
10 Provident fund plan
(a) With effect from January 1, 1988, Bonso Electronics Limited ("BEL"), a
wholly-owned foreign subsidiary of the Company, started a provident fund
plan (the "Plan") with a major international assurance company to provide
life insurance and retirement benefits for its employees. All permanent
full time employees, excluding factory workers, are eligible to join the
provident fund plan.
(b) Members of the Plan are required to contribute 5% of their monthly salary.
The contribution by BEL is as follows:
Years of service % of salary as BEL's contribution
---------------- ----------------------------------
Less than 5 years 5.0%
5 to 10 years 7.5%
More than 10 years 10.0%
F-16
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
10 Provident fund plan (cont'd)
(c) At normal retirement age, death or ill health, the member shall be entitled
to receive from the Plan a lump sum equal to the total of the member's and
BEL's contributions plus a return on their investment. On resignation prior
to normal retirement age, a member shall be entitled to receive from the
Plan a lump sum equal to the member's contributions plus a percentage of
the employer's balance determined in accordance with a predetermined set
scale.
(d) BEL's contributions to the Plan for the years ended March 31, 1996, 1997
and 1998 amounted to $41,414, $54,924 and $45,227, respectively.
11 Commitments and contingencies
(a) As of March 31, 1998, the Group had contingent liabilities to banks for
outstanding letters of credit and shipping guarantees of $502,270 (1997:
$370,469) and NIL (1997: $34,899), respectively.
(b) As of March 31, 1998, the Group had commitments to acquire land and
buildings from third parties for an aggregate consideration of $703,415
(1997: $1,029,370) of which $447,735 (1997: $461,554) had been paid as
deposits.
(c) As of March 31, 1998, the Group had commitments of $1,133,367 (1997: NIL)
for the construction of an office building and staff quarters of which
$766,718 (1997: NIL) had been paid as progress payments.
12 Earnings per share
Year ended March 31
-------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
$ $ $
Income available to common shareholders: 607,537 546,589 2,274,645
Weighted average shares outstanding 2,825,949 2,825,949 2,829,448
Incremental shares from assumed exercise of:
Warrants -- -- 25,562
Stock options -- 20,095 279,362
Dilutive potential common shares -- 20,095 304,924
---------- --------- ---------
Diluted weighted average shares 2,825,949 2,846,044 3,134,372
========= ========= =========
Basic earnings per share 0.21 0.19 0.80
Diluted earnings per share 0.21 0.19 0.73
Earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common
shares and, as appropriate, dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for
the period and the related income amount.
Warrants to purchase 110,000 shares of common stock at $9.1875 per share were
outstanding during the fiscal years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 but were
not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the
warrants' exercise price was greater than the market price of the Company's
common stock. The warrants, which expire on December 14, 1999, were still
outstanding as of March 31, 1998.
F-17
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12 Earnings per share (cont'd)
Warrants to purchase 2,200,000 shares of common stock at $7.35 per share were
outstanding during the fiscal years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 but were
not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share during the years
ended March 31, 1996 and 1997 because the warrants' exercise price was greater
than the market price of the Company's common stock. The warrants, which expire
on December 14, 1999, were still outstanding as of March 31, 1998.
Warrants to purchase 16,667 shares of common stock at $6.00 per share were
outstanding for the fiscal years ended March 31, 1996 and 1997 but were not
included in the calculation of earnings per share because the warrants' exercise
price was greater than the market price of the Company's common stock. The
warrants were exercised during the year ended March 31, 1998.
13 Minority interests
In April 1993, the Group, together with a Chinese partner, formed and invested
in a joint venture company in the PRC, Shenzhen Bonso Electronics Limited
("SBEL"), owned as to 60% by the Group and 40% by the Chinese partner. According
to the joint venture agreement, the registered share capital of SBEL was
$3,205,128 (HK$25 million); the Group and the Chinese partner could appoint
three and two directors, respectively, to the board of SBEL. The Group
effectively controlled all major financial and operating policy decisions of
SBEL. Accordingly, this joint venture company was consolidated.
In accordance with an agreement between the Group and the Chinese partner, SBEL
was liquidated on October 31, 1996. The land and buildings originally
contributed to the joint venture by the Chinese partner reverted to same and all
other assets and liabilities including the plant and machinery were taken up by
the Group. During the year ended March 31, 1996, the directors estimated that a
provision for permanent diminution in value of SBEL amounting to $152,480 was
necessary and accordingly a provision for this amount was recorded. During the
year ended March 31, 1997, upon the liquidation of SBEL, a gain of $159,654 was
recognized by the Group of which $152,480 represents the reversal of the
provision for permanent diminution in value.
14 Stock option plan
(a) In October 1996, the Board of Directors approved the 1996 Stock Option Plan
and 1996 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan. Under the 1996 Stock
Option Plan, the Company may grant options of common stock to certain
employees and directors of the Company for a maximum of 400,000 shares. The
1996 Stock Option Plan is administered by a committee appointed by the
Board of Directors which determines the terms of options granted, including
the exercise price, the option periods and the number of shares to be
subject to each option. The exercise price of options granted under the
1996 Stock Option Plan may be less than the fair market value of the common
shares on the date of grant. The maximum term of options granted under the
1996 Stock Option Plan is 10 years. The right to acquire the common shares
is not assignable except for certain conditions stipulated in the 1996
Stock Option Plan. In January 1997, the Board of Directors delegated to Mr.
So Hung Gun, Anthony, the authority to issue options to employees and
directors of the Company for an additional 25,000 shares.
In January 1997, the Company granted options to three directors to purchase
an aggregate of 375,000 shares of common stock of the Company at an
exercise price of $2.00 per share, which was equal to the market value on
the date of grant, in accordance with the 1996 Stock Option Plan. The
options shall expire on January 31, 2007 and can be exercised at any time
immediately after granting.
F-18
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
14 Stock option plan (cont'd)
(a) (cont'd)
In January 1998, the Company granted options to an employee to purchase an
aggregate of 25,000 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise
price of $6.20 per share which is greater than the market value on the date
of grant, in accordance with the 1996 Stock Option Plan. The options shall
expire on January 1, 2008 and can be exercised at any time immediately
after granting.
The stock options outstanding in respect of the 1996 Stock Option Plan as
of March 31, 1998 is summarized as follows:
Average per share
----------------------------------
Number Exercise Market
of shares price price
--------- -------- --------
Balance, March 31, 1996 -- -- --
Grant at exercise price equal to the market
value of the common shares 375,000 $ 2.00 $ 2.00
------- -------- --------
Balance, March 31, 1997 375,000 $ 2.00 $ 2.00
Grant at exercise price greater
than the market value of the
common shares 25,000 $ 6.20 $ 6.13
------- -------- --------
Balance, March 31, 1998 400,000 $ 2.26 $ 2.26
======= ======== ========
No options have been exercised during the years ended March 31, 1997 and 1998.
Under the 1996 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan, the non-employee
directors are automatically granted stock options on the third business day
following the day of each annual general meeting of the Company to purchase an
aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock. The exercise price of all options
granted under the 1996 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan shall be one
hundred percent of the fair market value per share of the common shares on the
date of grant. The maximum term of options granted under the 1996 Non-Employee
Directors' Stock Option Plan is 10 years. No stock option may be exercised
during the first six months of its term except for certain conditions provided
in the 1996 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan. The right to acquire the
common shares is not assignable except for certain conditions stipulated in the
1996 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan.
In October 1996, the Company issued options to three non-employee directors in
accordance with the 1996 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan to purchase
an aggregate of 30,000 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise
price of $2.25 per share and the options shall expire October 16, 2006 and can
be exercised at any time immediately after granting.
In September 1997, the Company issued options to four non-employee directors in
accordance with the 1996 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan to purchase
an aggregate of 40,000 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise
price of $5.06 per share and the options shall expire on September 8, 2007 and
can be exercised at any time immediately after granting.
F-19
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
14 Stock option plan (cont'd)
(a) (cont'd)
The stock options activity in respect of the 1996 Non-Employee Directors' Stock
Option Plan as of March 31, 1998 is summarized as follows:
Average per share
-----------------
Number Exercise Market
of shares price price
--------- -------- --------
Balance, March 31, 1996 -- -- --
Grant at exercise price equal to the market
value of the common shares 30,000 $ 2.25 $ 2.25
------ ------- --------
Balance, March 31, 1997 30,000 $ 2.25 $ 2.25
Grant at exercise price equal to the market
value of the common shares 40,000 $ 5.06 $ 5.06
------ ------- --------
Balance, March 31, 1998 70,000 $ 3.86 $ 3.86
====== ======= ========
No options have been exercised during the years ended March 31, 1997 and 1998.
(b) In January 1997, the Company granted options to three non-employee
directors to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock of the
Company. The exercise price is $2.00 per share, which equaled the market
value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The options shall
expire on January 31, 2007 and can be exercised at any time immediately
after granting. No options have been exercised during the year ended March
31, 1997 and 1998.
(c) At various times in January 1998, the Company issued options to the
directors and an employee of the Company to purchase an aggregate of
195,000 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $6.20
per share. The options shall expire in January 2008 and can be exercised at
any time immediately after granting. The exercise prices of these options
were equal to or greater than the fair market value at the time of grant.
No options have been exercised during the year ended March 31, 1998.
(d) The following table summarizes the information about stock options
outstanding at March 31, 1998:
Number outstanding Average life Exercisable shares
Exercise price at March 31, 1998 (years) at March 31, 1998
--------------- ------------------ ------------ ------------------
$2.00 475,000 8.8 475,000
$2.25 30,000 8.5 30,000
$5.06 40,000 9.4 40,000
$6.20 220,000 9.8 220,000
------- --- -------
$2.00 to $6.20 765,000 9.1 765,000
======= === =======
(e) Included in the options outstanding as of March 31, 1998, were 75,000 and
63,000 options held by Mr. Ray Mehra and Mr. So Cham Some, respectively,
both of whom have resigned as directors of the Company on January 2, 1998
and April 30, 1998, respectively. They still hold the options after their
resignation.
(f) The Company applies Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25,
"Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" and related interpretations in
accounting for its employee stock options. Under APB Opinion No. 25,
because the exercise price of all the options issued by the Company equals
or is higher than the market price of the underlying stock on the date of
grant, no compensation expense is recognized.
F-20
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
14 Stock option plan (cont'd)
(f) (cont'd)
Pro forma information regarding net income and earnings per share is
required by SFAS No. 123 "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation", and has
been determined as if the Company had accounted for its employee stock
options under the fair value method of SFAS No. 123. The weighted average
fair value of options granted during the years ended March 31, 1997 and
1998 were $1.09 and $2.80, respectively. The fair value for these options
was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes Option Valuation
model with the following weighted-average assumptions for the year ended
March 31, 1998: risk-free interest rates of 5.31% to 6.33%; no dividend
yield; volatility factor of the expected market price of the Company's
common share of 65 %; and a weighted-average expected life of the option of
two to four years.
For purposes of pro forma disclosure, the estimated fair value of the
options is amortized to expense over the options' vesting period. The Group
pro forma information follows:
1997 1998
------- ---------
$ $
Net income
As reported 546,589 2,274,645
Pro forma 83,339 1,454,445
Basic earnings per share
As reported 0.19 0.80
Pro forma 0.03 0.51
Diluted earnings per share
As reported 0.19 0.73
Pro forma 0.03 0.46
Because compensation expense associated with an award is recognized over the
vesting period, the initial impact on pro forma net income may not be
representative of compensation expense in future years, when the effect of the
amortization of multiple awards would be reflected in the income statement.
15 Warrants
In 1994, the Company issued 16,667 warrants under a loan agreement to the lender
to purchase common shares of the Company at $6.00 per share. The warrants expire
on June 29, 1999. No warrants have been exercised during the years ended March
31, 1996 and 1997. In December 1997, 2,613 shares of common stock were issued at
$7.11 per share, which represented the fair market value at the date of issue,
upon the exercise of all the warrants on a cashless basis.
As a result of the Company's second public offering in December 1994, the
Company issued 2,200,000 five-year warrants to its public shareholders. Each
warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of common stock of the
Company at $7.35 per share. The warrants expire on December 14, 1999. The
warrants are redeemable by the Company at $0.05 per warrant upon 30 to 45 days
notice at any time after December 14, 1995, or such earlier date as the
representatives of the underwriters may determine, if the closing price per
share of common stock of the Company for 20 consecutive trading days within the
30-day period prior to the date of notice of redemption is given equals or
exceeds $8.575 per share. No warrants have been exercised or redeemed during the
years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998.
F-21
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
15 Warrants (cont'd)
In conjunction with the second public offering, the Company issued warrants to
the representatives of the underwriters (the "Representatives' Warrants") to
purchase from the Company up to an aggregate of 110,000 units at an exercise
price of $9.1875 per unit; each unit consists of one share of common stock and
two five-year warrants of the Company. The Representatives' Warrants are
exercisable for a period of three years commencing December 15, 1996. Upon any
transfer to a person other than an officer, shareholder or director of the
representatives of the underwriters, the transferred five-year warrants must be
exercised immediately or they will lapse. No warrants have been transferred
during the years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998.
16 Business segment information
(a) The Group's operations have been classified into three business segments:
scales, health care products and other. Summarized financial information by
business segment for 1996, 1997 and 1998 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Indentifiable
assets Depreciation
Operating as of and Capital
Net sales profit March 31 amortization expenditure
--------- ------ -------- ------------ -----------
$ $ $ $ $
1998
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Scales 18,260,994 5,234,759 14,604,822 1,110,023 1,280,219
Health care products 3,083,025 73,197 204,218 15,521 17,901
Other 2,371,557 534,778 1,492,015 113,399 130,786
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total operating segments 23,715,576 5,842,734 16,301,055 1,238,943 1,428,906
Corporate -- (3,488,655) 4,345,508 186,165 271,834
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Group 23,715,576 2,354,079 20,646,563 1,425,108 1,700,740
========== ========= ========== ========= =========
1997
Scales 11,892,313 3,188,072 13,369,205 656,807 4,534,113
Health care products 2,718,243 66,246 277,802 13,648 94,216
Other 2,378,463 720,500 3,021,421 148,438 1,024,703
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total operating segments 16,989,019 3,974,818 16,668,428 818,893 5,653,032
Corporate -- (3,059,249) 3,847,183 142,038 8,100
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Group 16,989,019 915,569 20,515,611 960,931 5,661,132
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
1996
Scales 9,688,800 3,149,327 11,656,143 498,601 1,979,389
Health care products 2,422,200 71,576 264,913 11,332 44,986
Other 2,137,235 850,869 3,149,196 134,709 534,781
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total operating segments 14,248,235 4,071,772 15,070,252 644,642 2,559,156
Corporate -- (3,080,610) 5,629,853 147,967 323,239
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Group 14,248,235 991,162 20,700,105 792,609 2,882,395
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
</TABLE>
Operating profit by segment equals total operating revenues less expenses
which are deemed to be related to the segment's operating revenues.
Identifiable assets by segment are those assets that are used in the
operation of that segment. Corporate assets consist principally of cash and
cash equivalents, income tax recoverable, deferred income tax assets and
other identifiable assets not related specifically to individual segments.
F-22
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
16 Business segment information (cont'd)
(b) The Group primarily operates in Hong Kong and the PRC. The manufacture of
components and their assembly into finished products is carried out in the
PRC. The Hong Kong office is mainly responsible for the purchase of raw
materials, arrangement of shipments and research and development. As the
operations are integrated, it is not practicable to distinguish the sales
and net income derived from the activities in Hong Kong from those in the
PRC.
Identifiable assets by geographical areas are as follows:
March 31,
-------------------------
1997 1998
---- ----
$ $
Hong Kong 7,771,583 7,469,828
The PRC 12,675,502 13,176,735
Canada 68,526 --
---------- ----------
Total assets 20,515,611 20,646,563
========== ==========
(c) The following is a summary of net export sales to customers by geographical
area for the years ended March 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended March 31,
-----------------------------------------------------------
1996 % 1997 % 1998 %
$ $ $
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
North America 5,356,398 38 7,537,401 44 12,598,672 53
Europe 3,960,816 28 5,492,294 33 8,129,063 34
Asia 4,140,088 29 3,454,505 20 2,117,914 9
Australia 723,783 5 425,314 3 756,354 3
Africa 67,150 -- 79,505 -- 113,573 1
---------- --- ---------- --- ---------- ---
14,248,235 100 16,989,019 100 23,715,576 100
========== === ========== === ========== ===
</TABLE>
(d) The details of sales made to customers constituting 10% or more of total
sales of the Group is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended March 31,
----------------------------------------------------------
Business 1996 % 1997 % 1998 %
segment $ 4 $
--------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Pitney Bowes, Inc., (USA) Scales -- -- 3,007,070 18 7,075,338 30
Globaltec Corporation
(USA) Scales 3,043,764 21 2,252,184 13 3,721,060 15
Werner Dorsch Gmbh & Co.
(Germany) Scales 1,870,321 13 1,906,961 11 2,105,307 9
Omron Healthcare Group Health
care
products 772,461 6 1,888,335 11 1,841,427 8
------- -- --------- -- --------- --
5,686,546 40 9,054,550 53 14,743,132 62
========= == ========= == ========== ==
</TABLE>
F-23
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
17 Financial instruments
In accordance with SFAS No. 107 "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial
Instruments", the carrying amounts and fair values of the Group's financial
instruments are as follows:
Carrying amount Fair value
March 31, March 31,
---------------- ----------------
1997 1998 1997 1998
---- ---- ---- ----
$ $ $ $
Cash and cash equivalents 89,147 448,454 89,147 448,454
Restricted cash deposits 886,320 952,267 886,320 952,267
Deposits 461,554 447,735 461,554 447,735
Bank overdrafts 780,976 600,721 780,976 600,721
Notes payable 1,993,533 2,260,384 1,993,533 2,260,384
Short-term loans 953,642 338,632 953,642 338,632
Long-term debt 717,948 307,692 663,794 299,215
Promissory note receivable -- 1,350,000 -- 1,350,000
Letters of credit -- -- 370,469 502,270
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of
each class of financial instruments:
(a) Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash deposits, bank overdrafts, notes
payable and short-term loans - the carrying amount approximates fair value
because of the short maturity of these instruments.
(b) Long term debt - interest rates that are currently available to the Group
for issuance of debt with similar terms and remaining maturities are used
to estimate the fair value of debt issues that are not quoted on an
exchange. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time and
based on relevant market information. These estimates are subjective in
nature, involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgement and
therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could
significantly affect the estimates.
(c) Deposits - the carrying amount of refundable deposits approximates fair
value based on the terms of the related contracts.
(d) Promissory note receivable - the fair value of promissory note receivable
approximates the carrying value based on a comparison of interest rate to
current market rate for instruments of similar nature.
(e) Letters of credit - the contract amount of the letters of credit reflects
fair value as a condition of their underlying purpose.
All other financial instruments included among current assets and liabilities
are stated at cost which approximates their fair value.
F-24
<PAGE>
Bonso Electronics International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
18 Post balance sheet date event
The following transactions took place subsequent to the balance sheet date:
(a) In June 1998, a former director of the Company has exercised the following
stock options:
Number of
Exercise price options
-------------- ---------
$2.25 10,000
$2.00 55,000
(b) On July 22, 1998 the Company issued a notice to call for redemption all of
the outstanding five-year warrants previously issued to its public
shareholders on September 4, 1998 at a redemption price of $0.05 per
warrant. On September 2, 1998, the notice to redeem was rescinded. 35,597
warrants were exercised prior to the rescission of the call for redemption.
As a result of the rescission, the Company gave the warrant holders who had
exercised their warrants an opportunity to rescind their warrant exercise
on or before September 30, 1998. The exercise of 10,000 warrants was
rescinded as of September 30, 1998.
(c) On August 28, 1998, a lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court
for the Central District of California against the Company alleging that
the Company had committed securities fraud, common law fraud and breach of
contract arising out of the original sale of the Public Warrants and the
issuance on July 22, 1998 of a notice to redeem the warrants issued to its
public shareholders on September 4, 1998 for a redemption price of $0.05
per warrant. The lawsuit was dismissed, without prejudice, on September 2,
1998 and the plaintiffs have agreed not to refile the lawsuit for at least
four months. Management does not believe the ultimate resolution of this
matter will have a material effect on the Company's financial position,
cash flow or results.
(d) The Company's year to date sales and net income have declined when compared
to the comparable period in the prior year. Management believes that this
decline is due to prevailing global economic conditions and reduced orders
from two of the Company's major customers. Management believes that the
sales volume for one of these customers will increase in the future and
intends to broaden its client base and diversify the product mix in order
to diminish the impact of major customers on the Company's financial
performance.
F-25
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, the registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for
filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
BONSO ELECTRONICS INTERNATIONAL INC.
Date October 13, 1998 /s/ Anthony So
--------------------- ----------------------------------------
Anthony So, President
39
