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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
For Annual and Transition Report
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(Mark One)
[X] Annual Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1996.
or
[_] Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from _________ to __________
Commission File No. 0-27498
CFM Technologies, Inc.
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Pennsylvania 23-2298698
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(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification Number)
1336 Enterprise Drive, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380
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(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (610) 696-8300
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g)of the Act:
Common Stock, no par value
--------------------------
Title of Class
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports to
be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes X No
--- ---
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained,
to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. _____
The number of outstanding shares of the Registrant's Common Stock,
no par value per share, on January 23, 1997 was 6,053,340. In making such
calculation, Registrant is not making a determination of the affiliate or non-
affiliate statues of any holders of shares of Common Stock.
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-
affiliates of the registrant (computed by reference to the closing price of such
stock in The Nasdaq Stock Market on January 23, 1997 of $28.50) was
approximately $119,261,470.50.
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Table of Contents
Item No. Page
- -------- ----
Part I
1. Business..................................................................1
2. Properties...............................................................24
3. Legal Proceedings........................................................24
4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders......................24
Part II
5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters....25
6. Selected Financial Data..................................................26
7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations............................................................27
8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data..............................31
9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure.....................................................31
Part III
10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.......................32
11. Executive Compensation...................................................35
12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management...........42
13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions...........................43
Part IV
14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K..........46
2
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Part I
Item 1. Business
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CFM Technologies, Inc. ("CFM" or the "Company") designs, manufactures
and markets advanced wet processing equipment for sale to the worldwide
semiconductor and flat panel display ("FPD") industries. The Company believes
that its patented Full-Flow enclosed processing and Direct-Displacement drying
technologies enable it to provide wet processing systems that address a variety
of limitations inherent in conventional systems, including wet benches and spray
tools, resulting in a significantly lower cost of ownership ("COO") for the
Company's Full-Flow systems. The Company's customers include: GEC Plessey, LG
International (America) and related entities ("LG"), Motorola, National
Semiconductor, Samsung, SGS-Thomson, Siemens, Texas Instruments and Tower
Semiconductor.
Industry Background
Market Overview
Over the past two decades, increasing demand for integrated circuits
("ICs") has resulted primarily from the growth of the personal computer and data
communication markets, as well as the emergence of new markets such as wireless
communications, mobile computing and multimedia and the addition of
microprocessor control to many common consumer products such as automobiles,
kitchen appliances and audio/video equipment. In large part, this demand has
been driven by the semiconductor industry's ability to provide increasingly more
complex, higher performance ICs while steadily reducing the cost per function
with lower power consumption. These improvements in the ratio of price to
performance have been driven by advancements in semiconductor process
technology, which have enabled the cost-effective production of high density ICs
with linewidths below 0.5 micron.
As demand for ICs has grown, semiconductor and FPD manufacturers have
increased capacity by expanding and updating existing fabrication facilities
("fabs") and constructing new fabs. This expansion has historically exhibited
strong cyclical characteristics, and continues to do so. For example, in late
1995 and 1996, many semiconductor manufacturers experienced a reduction in order
growth and, in a few instances, a reduction in overall orders. These events
caused certain semiconductor manufacturers to postpone or cancel equipment
deliveries to previously planned expansion or new fab construction projects,
providing evidence of the continuing cyclical nature of the industry. However,
according to VLSI Research Inc. ("VLSI"), the semiconductor capital equipment
market has grown through these periodic cycles from an estimated $2.2 billion in
1980 to $30.9 billion in 1995.
The increasing complexity of ICs has resulted in an increase in both
the number and cost of process tools (such as steppers, etchers, furnaces and
wet processors) required to manufacture semiconductors. In a typical fab in the
1980s, the cost of equipment represented approximately 50-55% of the total
facility costs. Today, the total cost of an advanced fab can substantially
exceed $1 billion, of which equipment costs can account for 65-75%.
Semiconductor manufacturers place great pressure on process equipment
manufacturers to decrease the COO of their products. The principal elements of
COO are yield, throughput, capital costs and direct costs. Yield is primarily
determined by contamination levels and process uniformity. Throughput is
primarily a function of the time required to complete a process cycle and the
handling time between process steps. Capital costs include the cost of
acquisition and installation of the process equipment. Direct costs primarily
include consumables used in the manufacturing process and costs of cleanroom
space occupied by the equipment. Semiconductor device manufacturers must also
address environmental costs such as water usage and costs related to the control
and disposal of chemical waste and emissions associated with operating a fab.
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Maintaining an acceptable level of COO becomes increasingly challenging as
manufacturing processes become more complex and process tolerances narrow.
The market for FPDs has grown significantly in recent years as the
result of the increasing popularity of portable computers and other electronic
devices which utilize screens and other types of displays to provide information
in digital format and graphical displays to the end user. As consumers demand
increasingly smaller and lighter electronic devices with improved functionality,
the demand for FPDs continues to increase due to inherent advantages over
cathode ray tubes ("CRTs") with respect to size, weight and power consumption.
As the cost of FPDs declines, the uses of FPDs will increase beyond computer
applications, which accounted for over half of the total number in 1995.
According to Dataquest, the overall market for FPDs is projected to increase
from $4.7 billion in 1995 to $15.6 billion in 1998. Users of displays require
high resolution which translates to increased device density on the back of the
thin glass screen. In order to support the required device density and still
allow substantial light transmission through the screen (brightness),
significant reductions in feature size will be required. The Company believes
that the superior etch uniformity and cleaning performance possible using a
Full-Flow system may enable manufacturers to meet this combined goal of device
density and brightness.
Wet Processing in Semiconductor and FPD Manufacturing
The manufacture of semiconductors requires a large number of complex
process steps during which layers of electrically insulating or conducting
materials are created or deposited on the surface of a silicon wafer. Before and
after many of these steps, it is necessary to clean, etch, strip or otherwise
condition the surface of the wafer in order to remove unwanted material or
surface contamination in preparation for a subsequent process step. SEMATECH, a
consortium of semiconductor manufacturers, has estimated that up to 300
fabrication steps are required to manufacture advanced logic ICs, and that
approximately 50 of these steps are accomplished by wet processing.
The following table identifies the typical wet processing steps in
semiconductor manufacturing.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Critical Cleaning Applications Critical Etching Applications Photoresist Strip Applications
- ------------------------------ ----------------------------- ------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Initial wafer clean Silicon oxide etch Aqueous chemistry resist
Pre-diffusion clean Polysilicon etch strip/post-ash clean
Pre-oxidation clean Silicon nitride etch Solvent chemistry resist
Pre-thin films deposition clean strip/post-ash clean
Post-CMP clean
Solvent chemistry clean
</TABLE>
The above wet processing steps have traditionally been accomplished
using wet benches and spray tools. Advanced wet benches utilize a succession of
open chemical baths and extensive robotic automation to move wafers from one
chemical or rinse bath to the next. Spray tools subject wafers to sequential
spray applications of chemicals as the wafers are spun inside an enclosed
chamber.
Like semiconductors, FPDs are manufactured using numerous process
steps, including photolithography, deposition, etching and cleaning. However,
unlike semiconductor wafers, each of which may contain several hundred
individual ICs, a single FPD substrate may contain as few as two laptop computer
displays. Therefore, defects in the manufacturing process tend to have a much
greater impact on FPD yields than on semiconductor yields.
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The Company believes that conventional wet processing methods are
subject to a number of inherent limitations, including:
Particle Contamination. Submicron ICs and FPD substrates are extremely
sensitive to small amounts of particle contamination which can result in poor
device performance or even failure. As device geometries become smaller, the
reduction of particle contamination has become an increasingly critical factor
in maximizing yield. Open-bath wet benches are exposed to the cleanroom
environment and therefore are susceptible to external contamination. Since
particles tend to reside on the surfaces of liquids due to surface tension, the
movement of wafers and substrates in and out of liquids can result in the
transfer of particles to the surfaces through a "skimming" effect. The tendency
to add particles from air-liquid transitions is inherent in wet benches due to
multiple immersions and withdrawals and in spray processing where each spray
droplet striking the wafer or substrate surface can act as a separate miniature
immersion and withdrawal.
Watermark Defects and Native Oxide Growth. Both wet benches and spray
tools subject the surface of wafers and substrates to repeated wetting and
evaporative drying, creating watermark defects on the surface that can
significantly impact device or FPD performance and interfere with subsequent
process steps.
Process Control Limitations. Process liquids in wet benches and spray
tools are subject to evaporation and absorption of atmospheric gases. As a
result, it is difficult to achieve precise repeatability of process results.
Additionally, wafers and substrates in a wet bench must be robotically
transferred from bath to bath through the cleanroom atmosphere. This gap in
processing during transport adds variability due to the effects of water
exposure to the cleanroom atmosphere.
Large Physical Size. The cost of cleanroom space is a significant
component in the overall COO calculation for a specific piece of equipment. Wet
benches configured for the multiple-step wet processes, required by many
manufacturers, can be up to 30 feet in length. Increases in process complexity
or in a wafer or substrate size will likely require even larger wet benches.
Environmental Impact. Due to the large volume of the open baths which
comprise a wet bench and the need for multiple wet processing steps to
manufacture increasingly complex ICs and wet benches typically consume large
quantities of water during processing. A recent study has estimated that water
costs can comprise up to one-third of the total cost of cleaning. Additionally,
in many wet bench processes, large amounts of chemicals are utilized. The open
nature of the baths in a typical wet bench necessitates expensive ventilation
and filtration systems in order to remediate chemical fume emissions. As a
result, municipalities and environmental authorities are increasingly concerned
by water consumption and chemical fume emissions by fabs.
Due to the continuing reduction of device geometries and the escalating
cost of leading edge fabs, the Company believes that semiconductor and FPD
manufacturers are becoming increasingly sensitive to the foregoing limitations
inherent in conventional wet processing methods.
The CFM Solution
The Company's systems are based on its proprietary Full-Flow wet
processing technology and are used to perform various cleaning and etching
process steps in the manufacture of semiconductors and FPDs. In the Company's
Full-Flow wet processing system, up to 100 wafers or 50 substrates automatically
load into a fully-enclosed, flow-optimized vessel that has a lower fluid inlet
and an upper fluid outlet. The Full-Flow system requires different vessel sizes
depending upon whether wafers or substrates are being processed. Once a
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selected process is begun, the vessel is completely filled with fluid at all
times, with fluids flowing through the vessel one directly after another without
exposing the wafers to air.
The Company believes that its patented Full-Flow enclosed processing
and Direct-Displacement drying technologies result in superior process
performance and lower COO by offering the following advantages over conventional
wet processing systems:
Reduced Particle Contamination. Full-Flow processing takes place in a
fully-enclosed processing vessel which isolates the wafers or substrates from
the external cleanroom environment and associated contaminants. Additionally,
particle contamination through particle skimming is substantially reduced. Since
the Full-Flow system is capable of directly displacing one chemical or rinse
step with the next without draining the vessel, it can eliminate the air-liquid
interfaces (where particles tend to reside) that normally occur in wet benches
and spray tools. The wafers or substrates are kept completely immersed in fluid
until they are ready to be dried during the Company's patented in situ
Direct-Displacement drying technology.
Substantial Elimination of Watermark Defects and Native Oxide Growth.
The formation of watermarks is substantially eliminated through the prevention
of water evaporation from the wafer or substrate surface. Once the chemical
treatment of the wafers or substrates is completed, drying is accomplished using
CFM's patented Direct-Displacement drying technology. With this technique, the
final rinse water is directly displaced with highly purified isopropyl alcohol
("IPA") vapor and substantially all water is forced off the surface before it is
exposed to an air environment. Additionally, native oxide growth is suppressed
by degassifying the water immediately before it enters the vessel. Since the
vessel itself is totally enclosed, the ultra pure water in the vessel is not
able to absorb oxygen and carbon dioxide from the cleanroom environment. As a
result, the gas content of the water at the surface is much lower than that
typically found in a wet bench or spray tool.
Tight Process Control. Process precision and repeatability result in
large part from the ability to control accurately the physical and chemical
properties of the processing liquids as well as the transition between process
steps. Full-Flow processing is performed in a completely enclosed vessel,
thereby substantially reducing variability of the processing liquids such as
water and chemical evaporation and absorption of atmospheric gases.
Additionally, because one process liquid directly displaces the previous one,
there is no gap in time and no exposure to the cleanroom atmosphere between
process steps.
Cleanroom Space Savings. The Full-Flow system has been designed to
consume a minimum amount of cleanroom space. System support modules can be
located outside the cleanroom and away from the main system. In many fabs, this
means that these support modules can be located in the basement, further
reducing the amount of square footage that is required on the main floor of the
fab where space is at a premium. A dual vessel Full-Flow system capable of
processing 100 8-inch wafers in each of two vessels requires only 13 linear feet
of cleanroom wall space and no direct usage of cleanroom floor space when
flush-mounted. This is significantly less than the space requirements of a wet
bench with similar processing capabilities, which the Company believes can
require up to 350 square feet of total floor space and approximately 35 linear
feet of cleanroom wall space.
Environmental Advantages. The Company believes that the Full-Flow
system utilizes less than one-half of the water required by traditional wet
bench systems performing similar processing steps because most of the water in
wet bench systems flows around the wafer or substrate carrier rather than across
the surface. In the Company's flow-optimized Full-Flow systems, substantially
less water is lost as bypass flow. The fully-enclosed Full-Flow system also
reduces the amount of process chemicals consumed and the equipment and related
costs of remediation of chemical fume emissions associated with traditional wet
processing.
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Strategy
The Company's objective is to become a leading supplier of advanced wet
processing equipment to the worldwide semiconductor and FPD industries. The
Company intends to achieve this objective by focusing on the following key
elements of its strategy.
Increase Current Market Share. The Company seeks to continue to expand
its share of the semiconductor critical cleaning and etching wet processing
market through significant expansion of its sales and marketing and customer
satisfaction efforts. The Company also intends to continually improve its
existing Full-Flow platform in order to offer enhanced technical capabilities
and lower COO benefits for currently served critical wet processing
applications. For example, in April 1996, the Company shipped a new version of
its Full-Flow system that doubles the throughput and capital productivity of its
predecessor system by enabling the processing of up to 100 8-inch wafers in a
single vessel. Subsequently, in July 1996, the Company shipped the first
fully-automated Full Flow system capable of processing 370mm x 470mm FPD
substrates to a customer in East Asia. In December 1996, the Company received a
$16.1 million follow on order for six Full-Flow FPD systems.
Broaden Semiconductor Market Penetration. The Company intends to
leverage its Full-Flow platform to address additional wet processing
applications in the semiconductor manufacturing process where it believes its
proprietary Full-Flow technology can provide important benefits over competing
wet processing technologies. By basing new process applications on this
platform, the Company is able to focus primarily on the development and
optimization of the applications' process recipes, which the Company believes
significantly reduces the time and cost associated with entering new wet
processing market segments. Additional semiconductor wet processing applications
identified by the Company include solvent-based cleaning and photoresist
stripping, in which CFM's fully-enclosed Full-Flow processing vessel would
provide the important benefit of controlling chemical fume emissions.
Further Penetrate FPD Market. The Company intends to continue to
develop wet processing equipment for use in the fabrication of FPDs. The Company
believes that its Full-Flow platform is particularly well-suited for cleaning
and precise etching applications in the manufacture of FPDs due to its advanced
process capabilities, its significantly lower use of water and chemicals
relative to comparable wet bench processes, its ability to successfully process
very large substrates and its substantially smaller footprint which saves
increasingly valuable cleanroom floor space. The Company believes that the FPD
market represents a significant opportunity for increasing sales of its systems,
as evidenced by its recent shipments of Full-Flow systems to Xerox, Motorola and
LG International. The Company believes that further validation of the
applicability of the Company's Full-Flow technology to the FPD manufacturing
process was provided in February 1996, when the Company was selected by the
United States Display Consortium (the "USDC") to develop an advanced wet
processing system for use in the manufacture of future generation FPDs.
Focus on Customer Satisfaction. The Company believes that its
commitment to customer satisfaction has been a critical factor in its success to
date. To ensure a high level of customer satisfaction, the Company provides
comprehensive customer service and support, through customer training and
ongoing process consultation. The Company has already developed a comprehensive
customer service and support organization, and has invested in this area by
locating direct sales and service staff in Europe in 1996 with plans to extend
this expansion into East Asia in 1997. The Company also intends to increase the
utilization of its applications laboratory to design and test new processes and
equipment features and to provide a Full-Flow system completely dedicated to
training the Company's customers and employees early in 1997.
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Continue Commitment to Worldwide Markets. The Company believes that its
long-term success is substantially dependent on its ability to compete on a
worldwide basis. As such, the Company intends to continue to focus on expanding
its sales activities in each of the primary worldwide markets for semiconductor
and FPD capital equipment. To date, the Company has achieved considerable
success in selling to customers outside the United States. While such customers
accounted for approximately one-half of its net sales in each of the prior two
fiscal years, approximately 63.1% of its net sales in year ended October 31,
1996 were international. The Company has achieved this result by hiring direct
sales personnel covering Europe and East Asia in 1996 and the Company intends to
build upon this success in 1997 by continuing to add staff in these markets.
Products
The Company's systems are based on its proprietary Full-Flow wet
processing technology and are used to perform various cleaning and etching
process steps in the manufacture of semiconductors and FPDs.
The Full-Flow Product Platform
The Company's proprietary Direct-Displacement drying technology is
embodied in its Full-Flow platform, which principally consists of a
fully-enclosed processing vessel incorporating megasonic technology and
associated systems software, hardware and control electronics. Megasonic
technology utilizes high frequency sonic energy to enhance particle removal from
the surface of semiconductor wafers and FPD substrates during wet processing,
enabling a quicker process cycle and a significant reduction in the quantity of
process chemicals used. The Company believes that its Full-Flow platform offers
significant improvements in process performance and a lower COO relative to
competing technologies. Conventional wet bench processes used for many wet
processing applications rely on a succession of open chemical baths and
extensive robotic automation to move semiconductor wafers or FPD substrates from
one chemical bath to the next, which exposes them to contamination.
In the Company's Full-Flow system, wafers or FPD substrates are loaded
automatically into a fully-enclosed flow-optimized processing vessel that has a
lower fluid inlet and an upper fluid outlet. They are completely isolated from
cleanroom air and accompanying contaminants as a succession of process fluids
are introduced into the processing vessel one directly after another, flowing
over the wafers or substrates to complete the desired process application. Once
processing is completed, wafers or substrates are dried in situ using the
Company's patented Direct-Displacement drying process. With this technique, the
final rinse water is directly displaced with highly purified IPA vapor and
substantially all water is forced off the surface of the wafers or substrates
before they are exposed to an air environment. This process substantially
eliminates evaporative drying defects such as watermarks, inhibits native oxide
growth and significantly reduced particle contamination compared to competing
technologies, where the wafers or substrates are exposed to intermediate
evaporative drying within the cleanroom atmosphere prior to the completion of
the final drying process. The optimized flow characteristics of the Full-Flow
processing vessel and the advanced process control and monitoring capabilities
of the Full-Flow platform provide process uniformity and repeatability. Also,
the Company's Full-Flow systems can be flush-mounted in the cleanroom wall, with
the majority of the floor space needed by the system components located outside
the cleanroom environment Due to this flush-mounting and the Full-Flow system's
comparatively smaller size, it requires significantly less expensive cleanroom
floor space than competing wet bench systems. The Company's Full-Flow systems
are based on a modular design and can be configured to accomplish a broad range
of wet processing applications using a variety of process and support modules
offered by the Company. By basing new process applications on its proprietary
Full-Flow platform, the Company can focus primarily on the development and
optimization of the applications' process recipes,
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which the Company believes significantly reduces the time and cost associated
with developing new products to address additional market opportunities.
The following tables list the Company's product offerings.
CFM Full-Flow Platform Configurations
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Average Selling
Full-Flow Markets Configuration Capacity Price Range
- ----------------- ------------- -------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Semiconductor Single vessel 50 wafers $0.9-1.3 million
Single vessel 100 wafers $1.1-1.5 million
Dual vessel 100 wafers $1.2-1.6 million
Dual vessel 200 wafers $1.5-2.8 million
Flat panel display Single vessel 50 substrates $1.5-2.1 million
Dual vessel 100 substrates $1.7-3.2 million
</TABLE>
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CFM Full-Flow System Modules and Features
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Standard Modules and Features
- -----------------------------
<S> <C>
Vessel Module Includes a single, fully-enclosed process vessel for all chemical, rinse and
drying processes
Control Module Generates, receives and interlocks all control signals required to operate the
system hardware
Injection Module Measures and dispenses the appropriate amount of each chemical concentrate into
the deionized water
IPA Recovery Module Generates and subsequently reclaims and repurifies processed IPA vapor for
Direct-Displacement IPA drying
Deionized Water Mixing Module Blends combinations of hot and cold deionized water together to meet process
recipe requirements
Transfer Automation Loads and unloads wafers and FPD substrates to and from the Full-Flow process
vessel
Touch Screen Graphical Interface Provides operator control of the system through a user-friendly graphics touch
screen
Optional Modules and Features
- -----------------------------
Pumping Module Circulates, heats, filters, dispenses and recovers a mixture of sulfuric acid
and ozone used to remove organic contamination and to perform photoresist
stripping and post-ash cleans
Ozone Module Generates ozone for use in the Pumping Module
Selective Etch Module Circulates, heats, filters, dispenses and recovers chemicals for selective
etching processes
Tri-Dispense Module Supplies a user-selectable mixture of concentrated chemicals to the Selective
Etch Module
Degassifier Module Removes entrained bubbles and dissolved oxygen from the deionized water supply
for improved process control
Mini-environment Encloses the wafers and automation in a Class 1 environment
Megasonic Carrier Provides high-power, high-frequency sonic energy for enhanced cleaning
capability
Sonic Flow Meters Measures deionized water flow using a non-contact sonic energy method
Deionized Water Heater Generates a continuous supply of hot deionized water for use by the Full-Flow
system
Deionized Water Reclaim System Incorporates drain valving and software to divert deionized water to a reclaim
system
Uninterruptable Power Supply Supplies up to 30 minutes of back-up power to the Full-Flow system in the event
of a facility power failure
Dilute Chemistries Allows the user to switch solution concentration operating ranges without
affecting standard chemistries
Core Maintenance Provides touch screens and keyboards used primarily for maintenance functions in
remote locations
SMIF Automation Interface Integrates Standard Mechanical Interface robotics and wafer handling equipment
with the Full-Flow system
GEM 3.0 Compliance Software Allows the fab's host computer control system to interface with the Full-Flow
system for transfer of critical process information
Emulation Package Software Simulates the actual operation and command signals of the Full-Flow system
Data Logging Software Records significant system events including alarms, interlocks, process states
and operator actions
</TABLE>
Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications
The Company first introduced its Full-Flow systems for use in
semiconductor manufacturing research and development facilities in 1988, and
shipped its first system for use in semiconductor production lines in 1990. To
date, the Company has sold over 80 Full-Flow systems to more than 25
semiconductor manufacturers. Full-Flow systems can currently be configured with
either one or two vessels, each of which can be designed to accommodate 4-inch,
5-inch, 6-inch or 8-inch wafers. During 1996, the Company completed development
of an enhanced Full-Flow system that doubles capital productivity by enabling
customers to process up to 100 8-inch wafers per vessel, or up to 200 8-inch
wafers simultaneously, assuming a dual vessel configuration. This enhanced
system began shipping in April 1996.
A flush-mounted Full-Flow system configured with dual processing
vessels requires approximately 170 square feet of total floor space and
approximately 13 linear feet of cleanroom wall space. Assuming similar
throughput capabilities and the same wet process, the Company believes that a
competing wet bench system can require up to 350 square feet of total floor
space and approximately 35 linear feet of cleanroom wall space. Additionally,
the Company believes that its Full-Flow systems can typically achieve a greater
than 50%
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reduction in the usage of water and chemicals compared to wet benches performing
similar applications. List prices for the Company's Full-Flow systems range from
approximately $0.9 million to $3.2 million depending on automation options and
system configuration.
SEMATECH has estimated that up to 300 fabrication steps are required to
manufacture advanced logic ICs and that approximately 50 of these steps are
accomplished by wet processing. The following table identifies the typical wet
processing steps in semiconductor manufacturing and indicates those performed by
the Company's Full-Flow systems (in bold).
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Critical Cleaning Applications Critical Etching Applications Photoresist Strip Applications
- ------------------------------ ----------------------------- ------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Initial wafer clean Silicon oxide etch Aqueous chemistry resist
Pre-diffusion clean Polysilicon etch strip/post-ash clean (front end)
Pre-oxidation clean Silicon nitride etch Solvent chemistry resist
Pre-thin films deposition clean strip/post-ash clean (back end)
Post-CMP clean
Solvent chemistry clean
(back end)
</TABLE>
For classification purposes, the process to fabricate a semiconductor
die (without testing or packaging) is divided into two major phases referred to
as "front end" and "back end." Front-end steps are those that are performed to
fabricate individual components within an IC such as transistors. Back-end steps
are those that involve the creation of metal patterns on the wafers in order to
connect these individual components to create the IC. For a high-performance
logic IC, approximately 60% of the wet processing steps are front-end and the
balance are back end.
Critical Cleaning Applications. Critical cleans are those wet
processing steps that are performed in the front end to remove surface
contamination prior to performing highly sensitive fabrication steps such as
gate oxidation or diffusion. The Company believes that approximately 40% of the
wet processing operations in the front end fall into this category. To date,
most of the Company's Full-Flow systems have been purchased by semiconductor
manufacturers for use in these applications.
Critical Etching Applications. Wet processing is also commonly used in
the front-end to etch the surface of the wafer to remove silicon dioxide or
other surface material. It is generally important to tightly control the exact
amount of material removed and the uniformity of the etch. The Company believes
that approximately 20% of the wet processing steps in the front-end involve
etching. These etching steps are often performed as part of a wet clean rather
than as stand-alone operations, and as such, most of the Full-Flow systems sold
by the Company to date are also performing critical etching applications.
Photoresist Strip Applications. Photoresist stripping operations
involve the removal of either virgin or ashed photoresist from the surface of
wafers after a patterning step has been completed. Resist stripping is performed
in both the front end and the back end, and the Company believes that this
process represents approximately 40% of the wet processing operations in each
area. Front-end cleans and resist strips are generally performed with aqueous
chemistries. However, back-end cleans and resist strips must be accomplished
with different chemistries that utilize solvents, since front-end water-based
chemistries are incompatible with the metal present on wafers in the back end.
In both cases, resist stripping operations are driven as much by cost
as by process performance. Production shipments of the Company's enhanced
throughput Full-Flow system, the Full-Flow 8100, capable of
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processing up to 100 8-inch wafers per vessel, began in April 1996. For a
nominally higher system sales price, this new system provides all the advantages
of Full-Flow technology with double the throughput of its predecessor. Since the
Full-Flow system already utilizes the chemistries required for front-end
stripping, the Company believes that the throughput and other COO advantages
provided by this enhanced system make it attractive for use in front-end resist
strip applications. In 1996, the Company delivered several such systems for use
in front-end applications including resist stripping. Other development projects
are currently underway to further increase the throughput and capital
productivity of future versions of the Full-Flow system.
Future Applications. Approximately 40% of semiconductor wet processing
operations are performed in the back-end and are comprised primarily of
solvent-based cleans and solvent-based resist strips. The Company believes that
its Full-Flow systems offer a range of attractive benefits for these
applications as process requirements become more demanding and regulatory
restrictions on the release of chemical fumes become more stringent.
Furthermore, the Company believes that its proprietary Direct-Displacement
drying method is well suited for drying wafers with complex topographies that
often exist in the back end.
FPD Manufacturing Applications
The Company believes that its Full-Flow platform is particularly
well-suited for cleaning and etching applications in the manufacture of FPDs due
to its advanced process capabilities, its significantly lower use of water and
chemicals relative to competing wet bench systems and its substantially smaller
footprint. The Company initially addressed the FPD market with its Vapor-Flow
system, a modified version of its Full-Flow system in which the process fluids
enter the process vessel via an inlet located on the bottom, like the Full-Flow
system, but exit the vessel on the side, unlike the Full-Flow system in which
process fluids exit at the top. The Company introduced its first Vapor-Flow
system in 1990, and has sold 13 systems to seven customers, including systems to
two manufacturers of FPDs. To address the rapidly increasing demand for FPDs,
the Company has developed a high-throughput FPD processing system based on its
Full-Flow platform. This Full-Flow FPD system, which was first shipped in April
1996, has been designed to process up to 50 FPD substrates per vessel. The
system is available in a dual vessel configuration capable of processing up to
100 substrates simultaneously.
In February 1996, the USDC awarded the Company a development contract
to produce a wet processing system to support both cleaning and etching
requirements during the manufacture of advanced technology FPDs. The Company
will own all of the technology which is developed as a result of this contract.
Customers
The Company sells its systems to leading semiconductor manufacturers
located in the United States, Europe and East Asia. Sales to LG, IBM,
SGS-Thomson Microelectronics and Motorola, accounted for 29.1%, 25.3%, 19.0% and
10.8%, respectively, totaling 84.2% of net sales in fiscal 1996. See Note 14 of
the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information with respect to
export sales.
The Company expects a significant portion of its future sales to remain
concentrated within a limited number of customers. The Company's results of
operations could be materially adversely affected by any loss of business from,
the cancellation of orders by, or decreases in prices of systems sold to, any of
its major customers. The Company's arrangements with its customers are generally
on a purchase order basis and not pursuant to long term contracts. A reduction
or delay in orders from any of the Company's significant customers, including
reductions or delays due to market, economic or competitive conditions in the
semiconductor or FPD industries, or the loss of any such customers, could have a
material adverse effect upon the Company's results of operations. While the
Company actively pursues new customers, there can be no
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assurance that the Company will be successful in its efforts, and any
significant weakening in customer demand would have a material adverse effect on
the Company.
Sales and Marketing
The Company sells its systems through a combination of a direct sales
force, manufacturers' sales representatives, a Korean sales agent, a Japanese
distributor and a Taiwanese sales agent. The Company's field service personnel
support its sales force. In North America, the Company utilizes a combination of
a direct sales force and manufacturers' representatives. In addition to the
direct sales force at the Company's headquarters in West Chester, Pennsylvania,
the Company has direct sales personnel located in Marietta, Georgia, Austin,
Texas and Phoenix, Arizona. The Company has recently hired a direct salesperson
in Paris, France and continues to support the European market through its North
American direct sales force. The Company hired a director of sales and marketing
for East Asia during fiscal 1996, and intends to substantially increase its
expenditures during fiscal 1997 for sales and sales support in order to continue
to expand the adoption of its products in East Asia. The Company signed
agreements with ANAM S&T Co., Ltd. ("ANAM"), which markets in Korea, Innotech
Corporation ("Innotech"), the Company's distributor in Japan and Ampoc Far East
Company Limited ("AMPOC"), a sales agent in Taiwan, in 1991, 1992 and 1996,
respectively. See Item 13 --"Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
Although the Company believes that it has good relationships with its
manufacturers' sales representatives, sales agents and its distributor, there
can be no assurance that these relationships will continue to be satisfactory or
continue at all. In the event of a termination of any of the Company's existing
representation, agency or distribution arrangements, the Company's strategy of
worldwide expansion could be adversely affected.
Customer Satisfaction
The Company believes that high quality customer support, customer
training and process consultation are key elements in the creation of customer
satisfaction. The Company also believes that product reliability, as it is
perceived by the individual customer technician, manager and executive, is
strongly correlated with customer satisfaction and the resulting decisions to
select the Company's technology and its products for broad application within
that individual customer's area of personal authority. The Company has made
substantial investments in its customer support, customer training, customer
communication and reliability engineering and testing programs and intends to
continue to make such investments in the future.
The Company's customer satisfaction organization is headquartered in
West Chester, Pennsylvania, with additional employees and consultants located in
Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, New York, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas,
Vermont, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The Company uses local support
personnel where there are multiple installed systems. Innotech, ANAM and AMPOC
provide service to customers located in Japan, Korea and Taiwan, respectively.
The Company's support personnel generally have prior technical backgrounds in
the mechanical, electronic or chemical processing industries and prior
experience or training in semiconductor manufacturing processes. These field
personnel are supported by the Company's manufacturing and engineering personnel
during system installation and initial process validation. Field support
personnel also perform warranty and after-warranty service and sales support.
The Company's products are typically sold with a 12 month warranty
covering all parts and labor, which commences upon completion of installation
and final acceptance. Longer and more comprehensive warranties, as well as
service contracts, are also available to be purchased by customers.
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Backlog
The Company manages its production forecast using both backlog and
projected system orders. The Company includes in backlog only those customer
purchase orders which have been accepted by the Company and for which shipments
dates have been assigned within the following 12 months. Orders are generally
subject to delay without penalty, but may contain cancellation penalties. As of
October 31, 1996, the Company's backlog was approximately $18.5 million. The
entire backlog is for semiconductor equipment, approximately 50% of which is for
international orders. It has been the experience of the Company that neither the
backlog nor the pattern of receipt of orders are necessarily indicative of
future orders or revenues.
Research, Development and Engineering
CFM maintains an applications laboratory in West Chester, Pennsylvania
to test new equipment and processes, design new features and train customer and
Company personnel. By basing new applications on its proprietary Full-Flow
platform, the Company can reduce substantially the time and cost required to
develop new process applications by focusing primarily on the optimization of
the applications' process recipes. The Company is currently focusing its
research, development and engineering efforts on equipment to support additional
wet process applications such as photoresist strip processes. The Company
recently completed the development of a high-throughput version of its 8100
system, the Full-Flow 8100HT, which the Company began shipping early in fiscal
1997. In addition to the doubling in system throughput and capital productivity
offered by the base Full-Flow 8100, the 8100HT offers asynchronous wafer
handling, maximizing processing productivity. The Company is currently designing
new vessels capable of processing 300mm semiconductor wafers and a new vessel
capable of processing 590mm x 670mm FPDs which are larger than those processed
presently. The Company has accepted orders for these new products to ship during
1997. See "--Forward Looking Statement--Dependence Upon Product Development."
The markets in which the Company and its customers compete are
characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and
continuous improvements in products and services. Because of continual changes
in these markets, the Company believes that its future success will depend, in
part, upon its ability to continue to improve its systems and its process
technologies and to develop new system applications which compete effectively on
the basis of COO, including yield, throughput, capital and direct costs and
system performance. In addition, the Company must adapt its systems and
processes to technological changes to support the standards required by emerging
target markets. The success of new system introductions is dependent on a number
of factors, including timely completion of new system designs, ultimate system
performance achieved by those designs and market acceptance. There can be no
assurances that the Company will be able to improve its existing systems and
process technologies or develop new system applications.
The Company's research, development and engineering expenses for the
1994, 1995 and 1996 fiscal years were $2.1 million, $1.7 million and $4.4
million, respectively, representing 13.2%, 7.3% and 10.0% of net sales,
respectively. Research, development and engineering expenses were net of
reimbursements of $1,592,000, $232,000 and $1,835,000, respectively, for the
1994, 1995 and 1996 fiscal years.
Competition
The Company faces substantial competition in its market segments from
both established competitors and potential new entrants. The Company believes
that the primary competitive factors in the markets in which the Company
competes are yield, throughput, capital and direct costs, system performance,
size of installed base, breadth of product line and customer satisfaction. The
Company believes that it competes favorably with respect to each of these
factors. The Company also faces the challenge posed by semiconductor and FPD
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manufacturers' commitment to competing technologies. Most of the Company's
competitors have been in business longer than the Company, offer traditional wet
processing technology, have broader product lines, more experience with high
volume manufacturing, broader name recognition, substantially larger installed
bases and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, service and
support resources than the Company. In the semiconductor wet processing market,
the Company competes primarily with Dainippon Screen, FSI International, Santa
Clara Plastics, Steag MicroTech, SubMicron Systems, Tokyo Electron Limited and
Verteq. In the FPD wet processing market, the Company competes primarily with
Dainippon Screen and Semitool. There can be no assurance that these competitors
will not also develop enhancements to or future generations of competitive
products that will offer price or performance features that are superior to the
Company's systems or that the Company's products will gain market acceptance.
See "--Forward Looking Statements--Acceptance by Customers of New Technology."
The Company believes that in order to remain competitive, it must
invest significant financial resources in developing new product features and
enhancements and in maintaining customer satisfaction worldwide. In marketing
its products, the Company will face competition from suppliers employing new
technologies in order to extend the capabilities of competitive products beyond
their current limits or increase their productivity. Once a manufacturer has
selected a particular vendor's capital equipment, the Company believes that the
manufacturer generally relies upon that equipment for a specific production line
application and frequently will attempt to consolidate related capital equipment
requirements with the same vendor, to the degree that such consolidation is
possible. In addition, increased competitive pressure could lead to intensified
price-based competition, resulting in lower prices and margins, which would
materially and adversely affect the Company's business and results of
operations.
Manufacturing
The Company's manufacturing operations are based in West Chester,
Pennsylvania and consist of procurement, assembly and test engineering. Early in
fiscal 1996, the Company completed an expansion of its manufacturing operations,
which resulted in a 150% increase in production capacity. Early in fiscal 1997,
the Company completed an additional expansion of its manufacturing operator
which resulted in an additional 50% increase in production capacity. The
Company's Full-Flow systems are based upon a common set of modules, enabling the
Company to reduce manufacturing costs by using a large number of common
subassemblies and components. Many of the major subassemblies are purchased
complete from outside sources. The Company focuses its manufacturing efforts on
carefully documented assembly and integration activities which the Company has
determined to be critical to the successful operation of its products. In 1994,
as a result of adoption of SEMATECH measurement and improvement methodologies,
the Company began a concerted effort to meet the requirements of ISO 9001, the
international standard for quality systems. In December 1996, the Company was
recommended for ISO 9001 certification.
Certain of the Company's components and subassemblies are obtained from
sole suppliers or limited groups of suppliers, which are often small,
independent companies. Moreover, the Company believes that certain of these
components and subassemblies can only be obtained from its current suppliers.
The Company generally acquires such components on a purchase order basis and not
under long-term supply contracts. The Company's reliance on outside vendors
generally, and on sole suppliers in particular, involves several risks,
including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required
components and reduced control over pricing, timely delivery and quality of
components. The Company has experienced and continues to experience some
reliability and quality problems with certain key components and subassemblies
provided by single source suppliers. Because the manufacture of certain of these
components and subassemblies is a complex process and can require long lead
times, there can be no assurance that delays or shortages caused by suppliers
will not occur. Historically the Company has not experienced any significant
delays in manufacturing due to an inability
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to obtain components and is not currently aware of any specific problems
regarding the availability of components which might significantly delay the
manufacturing of its systems in the future. However, any inability to obtain
adequate deliveries or any other circumstance that would require the Company to
seek alternative sources of supply or to manufacture such components internally
could delay the Company's ability to ship its systems and could have a material
adverse effect on the Company. See "--Forward Looking Statements--Sole or
Limited Sources of Supply."
The Company is subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws,
rules and regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of
hazardous chemicals used in its research, development and engineering
activities. The Company believes that it is currently in compliance in all
material respects with such laws, rules and regulations. However, failure to so
comply could result in substantial liability to the Company, suspension or
cessation of the Company's operations, restrictions on the Company's ability to
expand at its present location or requirements for the acquisition of additional
equipment or other significant expense. To date, compliance with environmental
rules and regulations has not had a material effect on the Company's operations.
Intellectual Property
The Company relies on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and
trade secret laws, non-disclosure agreements and other forms of intellectual
property protection to protect its proprietary technology. The Company currently
holds 12 patents in the United States, four patents in Japan, three patents in
Korea and 17 patents in various European countries. The Company also has
multiple patent applications pending or under evaluation in the United States
and various foreign jurisdictions. Certain of these patents cover the Company's
Full-Flow process and Direct-Displacement drying technologies on which the
Company's current product offerings are based. While the Company believes that
these patents have significant value, the Company also believes that the
innovative skills, technical expertise and know-how of its personnel in applying
the art reflected in these patents would be difficult, costly and time consuming
to reproduce. The Company has asserted its patent rights against three
defendants, Steag MicroTech, Inc., Steag MicroTech GmbH Donaueschingen and
YieldUP International Corp., in actions commenced in July and September 1995,
respectively, in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware.
The Company's complaints in these actions allege inducement of infringement and
contributory infringement of one of the Company's patents and seek damage awards
and to permanently enjoin further infringement. The defendants have denied
infringement and have asserted, among other things, that the subject patent is
invalid. In addition, one of the defendants has asserted that the patent is
unenforceable. On January 24, 1997, the Company received a letter dated
January 22, 1997 from Dainippon Screen Manufacturing ("Dainippon"), a competitor
of the Company, informing the Company that Dainippon had filed a lawsuit against
the Company. The lawsuit seeks a declaratory judgment of patent non-infringement
and invalidity of one of the Company's patents. The suit was filed in the United
States District Court for the Northern District of California, San Jose
Division, on December 19, 1996 by Dainippon and DNS Electronics, LLC, an
indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Dainippon (collectively the "Plaintiffs"),
against the Company. The Complaint alleges that certain, if not all, of the
claims of the patent are invalid for failure to satisfy the conditions and
requirements for patentability, and also seeks to enjoin the Company from
wrongly accusing Plaintiffs of infringing the patent. There can be no assurance
that any of the claims of the patent cited in these actions will be found to
encompass use of the competitors' products or that the subject patent will not
be found to be unenforceable or invalid during prosecution of the actions. A
finding of invalidity or unenforceability could result in the Company's
competitors being able to develop products using the Company's proprietary
technology, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Further, there can be no assurance that any rights granted under any of the
Company's patents will provide adequate protection to the Company, or that the
Company will have sufficient resources to continue to prosecute its rights in
the current actions or others.
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Although there are no other pending lawsuits against the Company
regarding infringement of any existing patents or other intellectual property
rights or any claims that the Company is infringing intellectual property rights
of others, there can be no assurance that such infringement claims will not be
asserted by third parties in the future. There also can be no assurance in the
event of such claims of infringement that the Company will be able to obtain
licenses on reasonable terms. The Company's involvement in any patent dispute or
other intellectual property dispute or action to protect trade secrets and
know-how, including the actions brought by and against the Company presently
pending, could result in a material adverse effect on the Company's business.
Adverse determinations in the current litigation or any other litigation in
which the Company may become involved could subject the Company to significant
liabilities to third parties, require the Company to grant licenses to or seek
licenses from third parties and prevent the Company from manufacturing and
selling its products. Any of these situations could have a material adverse
effect on the Company.
Employees
As of December 31, 1996, the Company had 276 employees, of which 211
were full-time and the balance temporary or contract employees. There were 117
employees in manufacturing operations, 73 in research, development and
engineering, 15 in sales and marketing, 42 in customer satisfaction and field
support and 29 in general administrative and finance positions. The Company
plans to hire additional personnel in each of the above areas during the next 12
months.
While the Company has generally been able to find qualified candidates
to fill new positions, substantial growth throughout the semiconductor capital
equipment industry has made it more difficult to recruit qualified candidates
for certain positions in design, field support, testing and process engineering.
Once recruited, the Company then faces the task of training and integrating new
employees quickly enough to keep pace with its rapid growth. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be successful in recruiting, retaining, training
and integrating the necessary key personnel to support its anticipated growth,
and any failure to expand these areas in an efficient manner could have a
material effect on the Company's results of operations. See "--Forward Looking
Statements--Management of Growth" and "--Forward Looking Statements--Dependence
upon Personnel."
None of the Company's employees is represented by a labor union and the
Company has never experienced a work stoppage, slowdown or strike. The Company
considers its relationships with its employees to be good.
Forward Looking Statements
Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K including those
concerning the Company's expectations of future sales, gross profits, research,
development and engineering expenses, selling, general and administrative
expenses, product introductions and cash requirements include certain
forward-looking statements. As such, actual results may vary materially from
such expectations. Factors which could cause actual results to differ from
expectations include variations in the level of orders which can be affected by
general economic conditions and growth rates in the semiconductor and FPD
manufacturing industries and in the markets served by the Company's customers,
the international economical and political climates, difficulties or delays in
product functionality or performance, the delivery performance of sole source
vendors, the timing of future product releases, failure to respond adequately to
either changes in technology or customer preferences, changes in pricing by the
Company or its competitors, ability to manage growth, risk of nonpayment of
accounts receivable, changes in budgeted costs or failure to realize a
successful outcome to pending patent litigation, all of which constitute
significant risks. For a description of additional risks, see below. There can
be no
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assurance that the Company's results of operations will not be adversely
affected by one or more of these factors.
Fluctuations in Operating Results
The Company has derived substantially all of its net sales from the
sale of a limited number of wet processing systems which typically have list
prices ranging from approximately $0.9 million to $3.2 million per system. At
the Company's current revenue level, each sale or failure to make a sale can
have a material effect on the Company. A cancellation, rescheduling or delay in
a shipment of even one system in a particular quarter may cause net sales in
that quarter to fall significantly below the Company's expectations and thus may
materially and adversely affect the Company's operating results for such
quarter. Other factors which may lead to fluctuations in the Company's quarterly
and annual operating results include: market acceptance of the Company's systems
and its customers' products; the number of systems being manufactured during any
particular period; the geographic mix of sales; the mix of sales by distribution
channel; the timing of announcement and introduction of new systems by the
Company and its competitors; a downturn in the market for personal computers or
other products incorporating semiconductors and FPDs; variations in the types of
systems sold; product discounts and changes in pricing; delays in deliveries
from suppliers; delays in orders due to customers' financial difficulties; and
volatility in the semiconductor and FPD industries and the markets served by the
Company's customers. Also, customers may face competing capital budget
considerations, thus making the timing of customer orders uneven and difficult
to predict. Many of the factors listed above are beyond the control of the
Company. In addition, continued investments in research, development and
engineering and the development of a worldwide sales, marketing and customer
satisfaction organization will result in significantly higher fixed costs. There
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve a rate of growth or
level of sales in any future period commensurate with its level of expenses. The
impact of these and other factors on the Company's operating results in any
future period cannot be forecast with any degree of certainty. Due to the
foregoing factors, it is likely that in some future quarter or quarters the
Company's operating results may be below the expectations of analysts and
investors. In such event, the price of the Company's Common Stock would likely
be materially and adversely affected. See Item 7 and "--Business -- Industry
Background."
Acceptance by Customers of New Technology
The Company's products all rely upon proprietary technology to
accomplish wet chemical processing during semiconductor or FPD manufacturing,
which technology is significantly different from the technological approaches in
current usage for these processes. Most of the Company's competitors make use of
established technology with competitive product variations. The semiconductor
industry is especially resistant to the introduction of changes in process or
approach in a manufacturing cycle which is quite long (up to twelve weeks),
consists of many separate process events (up to 300 or more) and suffers from
limited control measurement points during the overall fabrication process.
Accordingly, managers of semiconductor and FPD fabrication facilities ("fabs")
have exhibited a strong resistance to changing equipment and have been reluctant
to embrace new technology, including the Company's Full-Flow systems. Because a
substantial investment is required by semiconductor and FPD manufacturers to
install and integrate capital equipment into production lines, these
manufacturers will tend to choose suppliers based on past relationships, product
compatibility and proven operating performance. Once a manufacturer has selected
a particular vendor's capital equipment, the Company believes that the
manufacturer generally relies upon that equipment for a specific production line
application and frequently will attempt to consolidate related capital equipment
purchases with the same vendor, to the degree that such consolidation is
possible. Many semiconductor and FPD manufacturers continue to extract marginal
improvements from existing wet processing technology in order to address issues
such as increases in feature density, reductions in line width and planned
increases in wafer and substrate size. Thus,
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there can be no assurance that the Company's products will achieve broad market
acceptance. See "--Business - - Industry Background" and "--Business --
Products."
Customer Concentration
Historically, relatively few customers have accounted for a substantial
portion of the Company's net sales. Sales to LGM, IBM, SGS-Thomson
Microelectronics and Motorola accounted for approximately 29.1%, 25.3%, 19.0%
and 10.8%, respectively, totalling 84.2% of net sales in fiscal 1996. The
Company expects a significant portion of its future sales to remain concentrated
within a limited number of customers. The Company's arrangements with its
customers are generally on a purchase order basis and not pursuant to long-term
contracts. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to retain its
major customers or that such customers will not cancel or reschedule orders or
that canceled orders will be replaced by other sales. A reduction or delay in
orders from any of the Company's significant customers, including reductions or
delays due to market economic or competitive conditions in the semiconductor or
FPD industries, or the loss of any such customers, could have a material adverse
effect upon the Company's results of operations. See "--Business -- Customers."
Sole or Limited Sources of Supply
The Company relies to a substantial extent on outside vendors to
manufacture and supply many of the components and subassemblies used in the
Company's systems. Certain of these components and subassemblies are obtained
from a sole supplier or a limited group of suppliers, many of which are small,
independent companies. Moreover, the Company believes that certain of these
components and subassemblies can only be obtained from its current suppliers.
The Company's reliance on outside vendors generally and a sole or a limited
group of suppliers in particular, involves several risks, including a potential
inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components and reduced
control over pricing, timely delivery and quality of components. The Company has
experienced and continues to experience some reliability and quality problems
with certain key components and subassemblies provided by single source
suppliers. Because the manufacture of certain of these components and
subassemblies is a complex process and requires long lead times, there can be no
assurance that delays or shortages caused by suppliers will not occur. The
process of obtaining and qualifying replacement suppliers could be lengthy, and
no assurance can be given that any additional sources would be available to the
Company on a timely basis or at all. Any inability to obtain adequate deliveries
of components and subassemblies which conform to the Company's reliability and
quality requirements or any other circumstance that would require the Company to
seek alternate sources of supply or, if possible, to manufacture such components
internally could delay the Company's ability to ship its systems and could have
a material adverse effect on the Company. See "--Business -- Manufacturing."
Dependence on Limited Product Offerings
To date, the Company's net sales have consisted primarily of sales to
the semiconductor industry. The Company has recently developed a version of its
Full-Flow system for use in FPD manufacturing. The ability of the Company to
diversify its operations through the introduction and sale of system
enhancements with new applications is dependent upon the success of the
Company's continuing research, development and engineering activities, as well
as its marketing efforts. The Company's continued sales growth will depend upon
achieving market acceptance of its Full-Flow systems and future products. There
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to develop, introduce or
market new systems or system enhancements in a timely or cost-effective manner
or that any such systems or enhancements will achieve market acceptance. See
"--Business --Products."
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Dependence upon Product Development
The markets in which the Company and its customers compete are
characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and
continuous improvements in products and services. In order to remain competitive
in the future, the Company will need to develop and commercialize additional
cleaning and etching processes based on its Full-Flow platform. Further, the
Company will need to develop new products which are capable of supporting
customers' increasingly complex process requirements and which compete
effectively on the basis of overall COO, including process performance and
capital productivity. The market for FPD manufacturing equipment presents an
additional challenge as the technology is at an earlier stage and subject to
more rapid evolution. The success of new system introduction is dependent on a
number of factors, including timely completion of new system designs, system
performance and market acceptance, and may be adversely affected by
manufacturing inefficiencies associated with the start up of such new
introductions and the challenge of producing systems in volume which meet
customer requirements. Because it is generally not possible to predict the time
required and costs involved in reaching certain research, development and
engineering objectives, actual development costs could exceed budgeted amounts
and estimated product development schedules may require extension. Any delays or
additional development costs could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business and results of operations. There can be no assurance that the
Company will successfully develop and introduce new products or enhancements to
its existing products on a timely basis or in a manner which satisfies or
achieves widespread market acceptance.
Because of the large number of components in, and the complexity of,
the Company's systems, significant delays can occur between the introduction of
systems or system enhancements and the commencement of commercial shipments. The
Company has from time to time experienced delays in the introduction of, and
certain technical and manufacturing difficulties with, certain of its systems
and enhancements, and may experience such delays and technical and manufacturing
difficulties in future introductions or volume production of new systems or
enhancements. The Company's inability to overcome such difficulties, to meet the
technical specifications of any new systems or enhancements, or to manufacture
and ship these systems or enhancements in volume and in a timely manner, would
materially adversely affect the Company's business and results of operations, as
well as its customer relationships. In addition, the Company from time to time
incurs unanticipated costs to ensure the functionality and reliability of its
products early in their life cycles, which costs can be substantial. If new
products or enhancements experience reliability or quality problems, the Company
could encounter a number of difficulties, including reduced orders, higher
manufacturing costs, delays in collection of accounts receivable and additional
service and warranty expenses, all of which could materially adversely affect
the Company's business and results of operations. See "--Business--Products" and
"--Business--Research, Development and Engineering."
Management of Growth
The Company is currently undergoing a period of rapid growth. To
accommodate this growth, the Company is in the process of implementing a variety
of new and upgraded operating and financial systems, procedures and controls.
There can be no assurance that such efforts can be accomplished successfully, or
that the Company's systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support
the Company's operations. The Company also faces the task of identifying,
recruiting, training and integrating new employees quickly enough to keep pace
with its rapid growth. Many of the positions which are critical to supporting
the Company's growth require experience with semiconductor and FPD capital
equipment. The recent overall growth of the semiconductor and FPD capital
equipment industries has made the recruitment of such experienced personnel
difficult. The Company's growth may also strain the Company's management,
manufacturing, financial and other resources. Any failure to expand these areas
in an efficient manner could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The
Company has significantly increased its operations to support increased
revenues,
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including the hiring of additional personnel, and has made, and expects to
continue to make substantial investments in research, development and
engineering and in sales and marketing to support product development. There can
be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve a rate of growth or
level of sales in any future period commensurate with its level of expenses. The
Company has recently leased an additional facility and anticipates that
additional manufacturing capacity may be required. The need to acquire
additional remote facilities could be disruptive and could have a material
adverse effect on the Company. See "--Business--Employees" and Item 2 --
"Properties."
Dependence upon Personnel
The success of the Company depends to a large extent upon the efforts
of key managerial and technical employees. The loss of services of any of these
persons could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company has not
entered into written employment agreements with any of its executive officers
other than its chief financial officer, nor does the Company maintain key man
life insurance on any of its personnel.
In addition, the success of the Company will also depend upon its
ability to attract and retain qualified employees, particularly highly skilled
design and process engineers involved in the manufacture of existing systems,
the development of new applications and systems and the installation, training
and maintenance related to those systems already installed at customer sites.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in training,
integrating and retaining the necessary personnel to support its anticipated
growth. The failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's results of operations. See "--Business--Employees" and Item 10--
"Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant."
Lengthy Sales Cycle
Sales of the Company's systems depend upon the decision of a
prospective customer either to increase manufacturing capacity or change its
established manufacturing process. These decisions typically involve significant
capital commitments or a change in process approach, which may require the
approval of senior management. The amount of time from the initial contact with
the customer to the first order is typically one to two years. The Company's
ability to obtain orders from potential customers has depended in the past and
may continue to depend in the future upon customers purchasing a new system in
order to evaluate Full-Flow and Direct-Displacement drying technologies as an
alternative to existing wet processing technologies. For many potential
customers, decisions to undertake such evaluations occur infrequently. The
Company often experiences delays in finalizing further system sales while the
customer evaluates and receives approvals for the purchase of additional
systems. Such delays may include the time necessary to plan, design or complete
a new or expanded fab. Due to these factors, the Company's systems typically
have a lengthy sales cycle during which the Company may expend substantial funds
and management effort. There can be no assurance that any of these expenditures
or efforts on the part of the Company will result in sales. See
"--Business--Products" and "--Business--Competition."
Volatility of the Semiconductor Industry
The Company's business depends, in significant part, upon capital
expenditures by manufacturers of semiconductor devices, which in turn depend
upon the current and anticipated market demand for such devices and the products
utilizing such devices. The semiconductor industry has been highly volatile and
historically has experienced periods of oversupply, resulting in significantly
reduced demand for capital equipment, including wet processing systems.
Recently, a number of semiconductor manufacturers have experienced a reduction
in order growth and, in a few instances, a reduction in overall orders. These
events have caused certain semiconductor manufacturers to postpone or cancel
equipment deliveries to previously planned
21
<PAGE>
expansions or new fab construction projects. In addition, certain market
analysts project an overall reduction in expenditures for semiconductor capital
equipment in 1997. There can be no assurance that further order cancellations or
reductions in order growth or overall orders for semiconductors will not have a
material adverse effect upon the Company's business or results of operations.
The Company believes that the FPD market may be similarly volatile. The need for
continued investment in research, development and engineering, marketing and
customer satisfaction activities may limit the Company's ability to reduce
expenses in response to future downturns in the semiconductor or FPD industries.
The Company's net sales and results of operations could be materially adversely
affected if downturns or slowdowns in the semiconductor or FPD markets occur in
the future.
International Sales
Sales to customers located outside the United States accounted for
approximately 63.1% of the Company's net sales in fiscal 1996. The Company
anticipates that such international sales are subject to numerous risks,
including United States and international regulatory requirements and policy
changes, political and economic instability, increased installation costs,
difficulties in accounts receivable collection, exchange rates, tariffs and
other barriers, extended payment terms, difficulty in staffing and managing
international operations, dependence on and difficulties in managing
international distributors or representatives and potentially adverse tax
consequences. Furthermore, although the Company endeavors to meet technical
standards established by foreign regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to comply with such standards in the future. In
addition, the laws of certain other countries may not protect the Company's
intellectual property to the same extent as the laws of the United States. As
part of its efforts to penetrate the East Asia market, the Company entered into
a sales agency agreement with ANAM in Korea in 1991, a distribution agreement
with Innotech in Japan in 1992 and an agent agreement with AMPOC in Taiwan in
1996. Although management believes that it maintains good relationships with
ANAM, Innotech and AMPOC, there can be no assurance that these relationships
will continue. In the event of a termination of any of the Company's existing
representation, agency or distribution arrangements, the Company's international
sales could be adversely affected. Although the Company's sales are
predominantly denominated in United States dollars, to the extent that the
Company expands its international operations or changes its pricing practices to
denominate prices in international currencies, the Company will be exposed to
increased risks of currency fluctuation. Additionally, a strengthening in the
value of the United States dollar in relation to international currencies may
adversely affect the Company's future sales to international customers. There
can be no assurance that any of these factors will not have a material adverse
effect on the Company. See Item 7-- "Overview" and "--Business--Sales and
Marketing."
Highly Competitive Industry
The Company faces substantial competition in its market segments from
both established competitors and potential new entrants. The Company believes
that the primary competitive factors in the markets in which the Company
competes are yield, throughput, capital and direct costs, system performance,
size of installed base, breadth of product line and customer satisfaction, as
well as customer commitment to competing technologies. Most of the Company's
competitors have been in business longer than the Company, offer traditional wet
processing technology, and have broader product lines, more experience with high
volume manufacturing, broader name recognition, substantially larger installed
bases and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, service and
support resources than the Company. In the semiconductor wet processing market,
the Company competes primarily with Dainippon Screen, FSI International, Santa
Clara Plastics, Steag MicroTech, SubMicron Systems, Tokyo Electron Limited and
Verteq. In the FPD wet processing market, the Company competes primarily with
Dainippon Screen and Semitool. There can be no assurance that the Company will
overcome the established positions of these competitors or that the Company's
competitors will
22
<PAGE>
not develop enhancements to or future generations of competitive products that
will offer price and performance features that are superior to the Company's
systems. The Company believes that in order to remain competitive, it must
invest significant financial resources in developing new product features and
enhancements and in maintaining customer satisfaction worldwide. In marketing
its products, the Company will face competition from suppliers employing new
technologies in order to extend the capabilities of competitive products beyond
their current limits or increase their productivity. In addition, increased
competitive pressure could lead to intensified price-based competition,
resulting in lower prices and margins, which would materially and adversely
affect the Company's business and results of operations. See
"--Business--Competition."
Intellectual Property Rights
The Company relies on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks
and trade secrets, non-disclosure agreements and other forms of intellectual
property protection to protect its proprietary technology. Although the Company
believes that its patents and trademarks may have value, the Company believes
that its future success will depend primarily on the innovation, technical
expertise and marketing abilities, of its personnel. The Company currently holds
12 patents in the United States and 24 international patents and has patent
applications pending or under evaluation in the United States and various
foreign jurisdictions. The Company is currently asserting its patent rights in
litigation against three defendants, alleging inducement of infringement and
contributory infringement of one of the Company's patents. The defendants have
denied infringement and asserted, among other things, that the patent at issue
is invalid, and one of the defendants has asserted that the patent is
unenforceable. There can be no assurance that any claim in the subject patent
will be adjudged to encompass use of the defendants' products or that the
subject patent will not be found to be unenforceable or invalid during
prosecution of the actions. The Company is also a defendant in a lawsuit which
seeks a declaratory judgment of patent non-infringement and invalidity of one of
the Company's patents. There can be no assurance that the Company will prevail
in either of these actions. A finding of invalidity or unenforceability could
result in the Company's competitors developing products using the Company's
proprietary technology, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on
the Company. The Company believes that these actions, even if completely
successful, will be costly to the Company in terms of both financial and
management resources.
There can be no assurance that additional patents will be issued on the
Company's pending or future applications or that competitors will not be able
legitimately to ascertain proprietary information embedded in the Company's
products which is not covered by patent or copyright. In such cases, the Company
may be precluded from preventing its competitors from making use of such
information. There are no pending lawsuits or claims against the Company
regarding infringement of any existing patents or other intellectual property
rights of others. There can be no assurance, however, that such infringement
clams will not be asserted in the future, nor can there be any assurance, if
such clams are made, that the Company will be able to defend such claims
successfully or, if necessary, obtain licenses on reasonable terms or at all.
Adverse determinations in any litigation naming the Company could subject the
Company to significant liabilities to third parties, require the Company to seek
licenses from third parties and prevent the Company from manufacturing and
selling its systems. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on
the Company. See "--Business--Intellectual Property" and "--Business--Legal
Proceedings."
Environmental Regulation
The Company is subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws,
rules and regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of
hazardous chemicals used during its research, development and engineering
activities. Failure to comply with applicable environmental requirements could
result in substantial liability to the Company, suspension or cessation of the
Company's operations, restrictions on the Company's
23
<PAGE>
ability to expand its operations or requirements for the acquisition of
additional equipment or other significant expense, any of which could have a
material adverse effect on the Company. See "--Business--Manufacturing."
Volatility of Stock Price
The Company believes that a variety of factors could cause the price of
the Company's Common Stock to fluctuate, perhaps substantially, including:
announcements of developments related to the Company's business; quarterly
fluctuations in the Company's actual or anticipated operating results and order
levels; general conditions in the semiconductor and FPD industries or the
worldwide economy; announcements of technological innovations; new products or
product enhancements by the Company or its competitors; developments in patents
or other intellectual property rights and litigation; and developments in the
Company's relationships with its customers, distributors and suppliers. In
addition, in recent years the stock market in general and the market for shares
of small capitalization and semiconductor industry-related companies in
particular, have experienced extreme price fluctuations which have often been
unrelated to the operating performance of affected companies. Any such
fluctuations in the future could adversely affect the market price of the
Company's Common Stock. There can be no assurance that the market price of the
Common Stock of the Company will not decline.
Item 2. Properties
----------
The Company conducts its manufacturing in a 26,000 square foot facility
which it owns in West Chester, Pennsylvania. In January 1996, the Company
commenced occupancy of a 38,400 square foot leased office building located in
the same industrial park to serve as the new location for its engineering, sales
and marketing, customer satisfaction and administration activities. These
functions were previously located in the facility owned by the Company, which is
now devoted entirely to manufacturing. The lease expires in December 2000 and
includes an option for early cancellation in December 1998 with the payment of a
cancellation penalty. In January 1997, the Company commenced occupancy of an
additional 14,000 square-foot leased manufacturing facility in the same
industrial park. The lease expires in January 2002 and includes a mutual option
to cancel in January 1998 upon six months notice with no penalty.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
-----------------
The Company is a party to two lawsuits related to its patent rights.
See Item 1 "--Intellectual Property." The Company is not a party to any other
litigation.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
---------------------------------------------------
None.
24
<PAGE>
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Company's Common Stock is traded in The Nasdaq Stock Market under
the symbol CFMT. The range of high and low closing prices for the Common Stock
as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. for the
periods indicated below is as follows:
High Low
---- ---
Fiscal 1996
3rd Quarter(1) $11.00 $8.75
4th Quarter 13.25 7.75
- -----------------
(1) Commencing on June 18, 1996, the day on which trading commenced
following the effectiveness of the Company's initial public offering.
These prices reflect inter-dealer quotations, without retail mark-ups,
mark-downs or other fees or commissions, and may not necessarily represent
actual transactions.
As of January 23, 1997, the reported closing price for the Common Stock
was $28.50. As of January 23, 1997, there were approximately 150 holders of
record and the Company believes that it had approximately 2400 beneficial owners
of the Company's Common Stock.
The Company has never declared or paid cash dividends on its Common
Stock and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable
future. The Company currently intends to retain its earnings, if any, for the
development of its business. The declaration of any future dividends by the
Company is within the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be dependent
upon the earnings, financial condition and capital requirements of the Company,
as well as any other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Since its incorporation on November 1, 1994, the registrant has sold
the following securities without registration under the Securities Act:
1. In November 1994, in connection with the registrant's organization
as a holding company. the registrant issued an aggregate of 3,392,915 shares of
Common Stock to the shareholders of CFM Technologies, Incorporated in exchange
for an equal number of shares of CFM Technologies, Incorporated, representing
100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of CFM Technologies,
Incorporated.
2. Also in November 1994, the registrant issued an aggregate of 408,339
shares of Common Stock to two related-party limited partnerships in which the
registrant was the general partner. In exchange for the assets of the
partnerships. See Item 13-- "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
3. In December 1994, the registrant issued options to purchase an
aggregate of 108,105 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.52 per
share to five employees.
4. In January 1995, the registrant issued 1,996 shares of Common Stock
as compensation for executive search services rendered.
5. In October and November 1995, the registrant issued options to
purchase an aggregate of 117,274 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of
$7.52 per share to 43 employees.
25
<PAGE>
6. In March 1996, the registrant issued options to purchase an
aggregate of 12,645 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.52 per
share to two employees.
7. In June 1996, the registrant issued options to purchase an aggregate
of 1,250 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.75 per share to one
employee.
8. In October 1996, the registrant issued options to purchase an
aggregate of 23,884 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $9.88 per
share to two employees, and options to purchase an aggregate or 67,000 shares of
Common Stock at an exercise price of $9.00 per share to four employees.
9. In December 1996, the registrant issued options to purchase an
aggregate of 315,200 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $18.25 per
share to 65 employees and consultants.
The registrant believes that the transactions described in paragraphs 1
through 9 were exempt from registration under Section 3(b) or 4(2) of the
Securities Act because the subject securities were, respectively, either (i)
issued pursuant to a compensatory benefit plan pursuant to Rule 701 under the
Securities Act or (ii) sold to a limited group of persons, each of whom was
believed to have been a sophisticated investor or to have had a preexisting
business or personal relationship with the registrant or its management and was
purchasing for investment without a view to further distribution.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
------------------------
The following table contains certain selected consolidated financial
data of the Company and is qualified by the more detailed Consolidated Financial
Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere herein. The consolidated
statement of income data for the fiscal years ended October 31, 1994, 1995 and
1996 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of October 31, 1995 and 1996
have been derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company
which have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public accountants,
as indicated in their report included elsewhere herein. The consolidated
statement of income data for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1993 and the
consolidated balance sheet data as of October 31, 1994 have been derived from
the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company which have been audited by
Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public accountants, as indicated in their
report not included herein. The consolidated statement of income data for the
ten months ended October 31, 1992 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of
October 31, 1992 and 1993 are derived from unaudited financial statements. The
unaudited financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of
normal adjustments, that the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation
of the results of operations for such periods. This data should be read in
conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and
Item 7--"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations" included elsewhere herein.
26
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Ten Months
Ended Fiscal Year Ended October 31,
October 31, --------------------------------------------
1992(1) 1993 1994 1995 1996
------- ---- ---- ---- ----
(in thousands, except per share data)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Statement of Income Data:
Net sales $5,939 $11,840 $15,937 $23,430 $44,013
Cost of sales 3,626 6,752 9,114 13,463 23,317
----- ----- ----- ------ ------
Gross profit 2,313 5,088 6,823 9,967 20,696
Operating expenses:
Research, development and
engineering 327 720 2,100 1,717 4,375
Selling, general and administrative 1,193 2,273 3,150 5,972 11,679
----- ----- ----- ----- ------
Total operating expenses 1,520 2,993 5,250 7,689 16,054
----- ----- ----- ----- ------
Operating income 793 2,095 1,573 2,278 4,642
Interest expense, net 615 755 797 173 157
----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Income before income taxes 178 1,340 776 2,105 4,485
Income taxes 33 457 238 703 1,525
----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net income $ 145 $ 883 $ 538 $ 1,402 $ 2,960
====== ====== ====== ======= =======
Net income per share(2) $ 0.35 $ 0.61
======= =======
Weighted average common and
common equivalent shares(2) 3,994 4,831
<CAPTION>
October 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------
(in thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments................................ $ 51 $ 112 $ 1,106 $ 408 $12,254
Working capital.............................. 2,211 3,118 7,177 8,136 27,525
Total assets................................. 6,062 9,332 16,689 18,454 44,251
Long-term debt, less current portion......... 5,493 5,610 7,820 3,005 2,525
Shareholders' equity (deficit)............... (846) 237 5,109 9,775 32,711
</TABLE>
- --------------------------
(1) In 1992, the Company changed its fiscal year end from December 31 to
October 31.
(2) See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for an
explanation of the computation of net income per share.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
of Operations
-------------
Overview
CFM designs, manufactures and markets advanced wet processing equipment
for sale to the worldwide semiconductor and flat panel display manufacturing
industries. The Company was founded in 1984 and began commercial operations in
1990 following a period of technology and product development, during which time
the Company's patented Full-Flow enclosed processing and Direct-Displacement
drying technologies were developed.
27
<PAGE>
The Company has derived substantially all of its revenues from the sale
of a relatively small number of its systems, which typically range in price from
approximately $0.9 million to $3.2 million. As of October 31, 1996, the Company
had shipped over 80 systems to more than 25 semiconductor and FPD manufacturers
worldwide. The Company has been undergoing a period of rapid growth with net
sales during fiscal 1996 increasing by 87.8% over net sales for fiscal 1995. Net
sales for fiscal 1996 included sales of Full-Flow systems to companies in the
FPD manufacturing industry representing approximately 20% of net sales. The
Company expects that FPD sales as a percentage of total sales will fluctuate as
the Company attempts to penetrate new accounts. In December 1996, the Company
received an order for six Full-Flow FPD systems at a total purchase price of
$16.1 million from an existing customer. In late 1995 and in 1996, a number of
semiconductor manufacturers experienced a reduction in order growth and, in a
few instances, a reduction in overall orders. These events caused certain
semiconductor manufacturers to postpone or cancel equipment deliveries to
previously planned expansion or new fab construction projects. In addition,
certain market analysts project an overall reduction in expenditures for
semiconductor capital equipment in 1997.
The Company has significantly increased its operations to support
increased revenues, including the hiring of additional personnel, and has made
and expects to continue to make substantial investments in research, development
and engineering and sales and marketing to support product development. There
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve a rate of growth or
level of sales in any future period commensurate with its level of expenses.
Future results will depend upon a variety of factors, including the timing of
significant orders, the ability of the Company to bring new systems to market,
the timing of new product releases by the Company's competitors, patterns of
capital spending by the Company's customers, market acceptance of new or
enhanced versions of the Company's systems, changes in pricing by the Company or
its competitors and the volatility of the semiconductor and FPD industries and
of the markets served by the Company's customers.
The Company's gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by
a variety of factors including the mix and average selling prices of systems,
the mix of sales to domestic and international markets, particularly Korea, and
the customization of systems. The Company sells its systems worldwide and
records a significant portion of its sales to customers outside the United
States. In fiscal 1996, international sales constituted 63.1% of net sales. The
Company anticipates that international sales will continue to account for a
significant portion of net sales, although the percentage of international sales
is expected to fluctuate from period to period. The Company pays significant
selling commissions to agents on sales to East Asia. As a result, gross margin
and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales
has in the past and will continue in the future to fluctuate based to a large
extent on changes in the mix of sales to East Asia.
28
<PAGE>
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the components of the Company's
statements of income for the fiscal years ended October 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996,
expressed as a percentage of sales.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Fiscal Year Ended October 31,
-------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
----- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales 57.2 57.5 53.0
---- ---- ----
Gross profit 42.8 42.5 47.0
---- ---- ----
Operating expenses:
Research, development and engineering 13.2 7.3 10.0
Selling, general and administrative 19.7 25.5 26.5
---- ---- ----
Total operating expenses 32.9 32.8 36.5
---- ---- ----
Operating income 9.9 9.7 10.5
Interest expense, net 5.0 0.7 0.3
---- ---- ----
Income before income taxes 4.9 9.0 10.2
Income taxes 1.5 3.0 3.5
---- ---- ----
Net income 3.4% 6.0% 6.7%
===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
Net Sales. Net sales increased 47.0% from $15.9 million in fiscal 1994
to $23.4 million in fiscal 1995 and 87.8% to $44.0 million in fiscal 1996. In
fiscal 1995 and fiscal 1996, these increases resulted primarily from increased
demand for the Company's Full-Flow systems by companies in the semiconductor
industry as the Company's customers equipped new facilities or expanded
facilities, resulting in multiple systems purchases by some of the Company's
major customers, and initial sales to new customers. Net sales for fiscal 1996
included sales of Full-Flow systems to companies in the FPD manufacturing
industry representing approximately 20% of net sales. The Company expects that
FPD sales as a percentage of total sales will fluctuate as the Company attempts
to penetrate new accounts. In December 1996, the Company received an order for
six Full-Flow FPD systems at a total purchase price of $16.1 million from an
existing customer. International sales represented 51.7%, 51.7% and 63.1% of
total net sales in fiscal 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively. The number of
international customers receiving shipments of the Company's systems increased
in both fiscal 1995 and 1996. The Company expects international sales to
continue to represent a significant portion of its net sales as a result of the
Company's continuing expansion of its international marketing efforts.
Gross Profit. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales remained
substantially constant in fiscal 1994 and 1995, at 42.8% and 42.5%,
respectively, but increased to 47.0% in fiscal 1996. Efficiencies gained through
increased production volume during fiscal 1994 and 1995 were more than offset by
increased recruiting and training costs as the Company significantly increased
the number of production, installation and service personnel in support of the
increased level of shipments. The increase in gross profit in fiscal 1996 was
attributable to increases in sales prices, changes in product mix, reductions in
the cost of component parts due to volume, and manufacturing efficiencies
resulting from the expansion of the Company's manufacturing facilities.
Research, Development and Engineering. Research, development and
engineering expenses decreased from $2.1 million or 13.2% of net sales in fiscal
1994 to $1.7 million or 7.3% of net sales in fiscal 1995, and increased to $4.4
million or 10.0% of net sales in fiscal 1996. The decline in research,
development and engineering expenses in fiscal 1995 was primarily attributable
to the completion of two major development projects, a contract awarded by
SEMATECH, a consortium of semiconductor manufacturers, to develop and produce an
advanced semiconductor wet processing system, and a project to develop an
improved wet processing system for flat panel display manufacturing, early in
fiscal 1995. The substantial increase in
29
<PAGE>
research, development and engineering spending in fiscal 1996 is attributable to
the Company's completion in March 1996 of development of a Full-Flow system
configured to process 100 wafers per vessel and the release of this system's
design to the Company's manufacturing division. The first production unit of
this 100-wafer system was shipped in April 1996. In addition, the Company
incurred substantial research, development and engineering expenses in support
of the development of its first Full-Flow system for use in manufacturing flat
panel displays. The first Full-Flow FPD system was shipped in April 1996. The
Company is developing a version of the Full-Flow platform to process 300 mm
semiconductor wafers. The Company believes that a substantial investment in
research, development and engineering is critical to maintaining a strong
technological position and that such expenses in fiscal 1997 will increase over
the 1996 level.
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and
administrative expenses increased from $3.2 million or 19.7% of net sales in
fiscal 1994 to $6.0 million or 25.5% of net sales in fiscal 1995, and to $11.7
million or 26.5% of net sales in fiscal 1996. The increases in fiscal 1995 and
1996 resulted primarily from (i) increases in sales and marketing costs related
to increased customer support and increased international sales, (ii)
administrative costs related to increases in staff in the accounting and finance
functions in preparation for and following the Company's initial public offering
and (iii) legal expenses related to litigation undertaken by the Company to
protect one of the Company's patents. The Company believes that selling, general
and administrative expenses, including legal expenses related to the patent
litigation, will increase in fiscal 1997 and beyond, as increased personnel and
sales and support expenses are expected in connection with the Company's efforts
to increase its net sales.
Interest Expense. Interest expense, net of interest income, of $0.8
million, or 5.0% of net sales, in fiscal 1994 decreased to $0.2 million in
fiscal 1995 and 1996, or 0.7% and 0.3% of net sales, respectively. In fiscal
1994, interest expense was primarily attributable to interest of $0.7 million on
the Company's obligation to two related-party limited partnerships which
provided the Company with research and development funding in 1984 and 1985. The
decrease in net interest expense in fiscal 1995 was primarily attributable to
the elimination on November 1, 1994 of the Company's obligation to these limited
partnerships. See Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The
Company incurred interest expenses due to intra-period borrowings on its
revolving line of credit during fiscal 1995 and 1996 as borrowings on the
Company's line of credit increased to support increased working capital
requirements. In fiscal 1996, the Company earned interest income of $0.3 million
on funds not immediately required for its operations following its initial
public offering in June 1996.
Income Taxes. The Company's effective tax rate increased from 30.6% in
fiscal 1994 to 33.4% in fiscal 1995, and increased to 34.0% in fiscal 1996. The
rate for fiscal 1994 was affected by recognition of a research and development
tax credit. The rate for fiscal 1995 reflects a reduction in the research and
development tax credit because of lower research, development and engineering
expenses. The rate for fiscal 1996 reflects the unavailability of the research
and development tax credit during the majority of the year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since its inception, the Company has funded its capital requirements
through funding from two research and development limited partnerships, the sale
of private equity securities, the Company's initial public offering of Common
Stock completed in June 1996, and, to a lesser extent, bank borrowings and
equipment leases. As of October 31, 1996, the Company had $12.3 million in cash,
cash equivalents and short-term investments and $27.5 million in working
capital.
Net cash used in operating activities was $2.8 million, $0.4 million
and $3.6 million for fiscal 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively. Increases in
accounts receivable and inventories were $2.9 million and $0.4 million,
respectively, in fiscal 1995 and $6.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively, in
fiscal 1996. Purchases
30
<PAGE>
of property, plant and equipment were $1.3 million and $2.9 million for fiscal
1995 and 1996, respectively. These expenditures were primarily related to
facility improvements and the establishment of the Company's applications
laboratory in fiscal 1995 and fit-up of the Company's new leased office facility
and acquisition of an advanced three dimensional computer aided design system
for use in the Company's research, development and engineering activities in
fiscal 1996.
During fiscal 1996, the Company leased a 38,400 square foot office
facility in the same industrial park as its owned manufacturing facility and
incurred approximately $0.9 million in expenses to outfit and furnish this
facility, which houses the Company's engineering, customer satisfaction, sales
and marketing and administration functions. The Company has also incurred
approximately $0.4 million in capital expenditures related to the expansion of
its manufacturing facilities, $0.9 million on its applications laboratory and
approximately $1.2 million in capital expenditures related to the improvement of
the Company's information processing infrastructure, including the adoption of a
three dimensional computer-aided design database for use in product development.
The Company has a relationship with a commercial bank which includes a
mortgage on the Company's manufacturing facility in the amount of $0.9 million
and a $7.5 million revolving demand line of credit. The mortgage bears interest
at an annual rate of 8.9%. The line of credit is secured by a first lien on
substantially all of the Company's assets with advances of up to 80% of
qualified accounts receivable and 25% of qualified purchase orders up to a
sub-limit of $2.5 million at an interest rate equal to such bank's prime rate.
No borrowings are outstanding under the Company's line of credit.
The Company also has mortgage notes payable to the Pennsylvania
Industrial Development Authority in the amount of $0.6 million bearing interest
at 2.0% and to the Chester County Development Council in the amount of $0.1
million bearing interest at 5.0%. In addition, the Company has outstanding
capital lease obligations in the amount of $1.2 million bearing interest at
rates ranging from 7% to 12% per annum.
The Company had outstanding accounts receivable of approximately $8.9
million and $15.1 million as of October 31, 1995 and 1996, respectively. No
allowance for doubtful accounts receivable has been recorded because the Company
believes that all such accounts receivable are fully realizable.
The Company believes that existing cash balances and its available line
of credit will be sufficient to meet the Company's cash requirements through the
next 12 months. However, depending upon its rate of growth and profitability,
the Company may require additional equity or debt financing to meet its working
capital requirements or capital expenditure needs. There can be no assurance
that additional financing, if needed, will be available when required, or, if
available, will be on terms satisfactory to the Company.
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The Financial Accounting Standard Board has issued SFAS No. 123,
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." The Company is required to adopt this
standard for the fiscal year ending October 31, 1997. The Company has elected to
adopt the disclosure requirement of this pronouncement. The adoption of this
pronouncement will have no impact on the Company's financial position or results
of operations.
The Financial Accounting Standard Board has issued SFAS No. 121,
"Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to
Be Disposed Of," which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived
assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and
undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than
the assets carrying amount. SFAS No. 121 also addresses the accounting for
long-lived assets where disposal is expected. The Company will adopt SFAS No.121
in the first quarter of the year ending October 31, 1997 and does not expect the
adoption to have any impact on the Company's financial position or results of
operations.
Effect of Inflation
Inflation has not been a material factor affecting the Company's
business.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
-------------------------------------------
The financial statements and supplementary data of the Company
appear in Item 14 of this report.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
---------------------------------------------------------------
Financial Disclosure
--------------------
None.
31
<PAGE>
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
----------------------------------------------------------
The following table sets forth certain information concerning the
Company's directors, executive officers and key employees:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Age Position
<S> <C> <C>
Christopher F. McConnell. . ...... 43 Chairman of the Board of Directors
Roger A. Carolin.................. 41 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Alan E. Walter.................... 43 Senior Vice President, Business Development
Joseph E. Berger.................. 38 Vice President--Worldwide Sales and Marketing
David L. deLesdenier.............. 47 Vice President--Engineering
Garry M. Mayers................... 43 Vice President--Customer Service
John L. Posta..................... 55 Vice President--Manufacturing
Lorin J. Randall ................. 53 Vice President--Finance, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and
Treasurer
Steven T. Bay .................... 40 Chief Technical Officer
Heinrich S. Erhardt............... 52 Vice President--Product Development
Steven Verhaverbeke .............. 31 Director of Process Technology
James J. Kim ..................... 61 Director
Brad S. Mattson .................. 42 Director(1)
Burton E. McGillivray............. 40 Director(1)(2)
Milton S. Stearns, Jr............. 73 Director(2)
</TABLE>
- --------------------
(1) Member of Executive Compensation and Stock Option Committee. Mr. Kim
served as a member of this committee until October 18, 1996, at which
time he was succeeded by Mr. Mattson.
(2) Member of Audit Committee.
Christopher F. McConnell founded the Company in May 1984 and served as
President and Chief Executive Officer until October 1990 when he was named
Chairman of the Board of Directors. Prior to forming the Company, Mr. McConnell
held various technical and marketing positions with Dow Chemical. Mr. McConnell
received his BS and MS degrees in Chemical Engineering from Dartmouth College
and Purdue University, respectively, and his MBA from Harvard Business School.
Mr. McConnell is a named inventor on all of the Company's patents. See Item
13--"Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
Roger A. Carolin has served the Company as a director since its
inception in 1984 and as President and Chief Executive Officer since April 1991.
From October 1990 to April 1991, he served as a marketing and sales consultant
to the Company. From June 1984 to October 1990, Mr. Carolin was Senior Vice
President of The Mills Group, Inc., a real estate development firm. Previously,
Mr. Carolin was with The General Electric Company and Honeywell, Inc. in a
variety of technical positions. Mr. Carolin received his BS in Electrical
Engineering from Duke University and his MBA from Harvard Business School.
Alan E. Walter co-founded the Company in 1984 and currently serves as
Senior Vice President, Business Development, with primary responsibility for the
Company's marketing efforts in the FPD industry. Prior to joining the Company,
he was with the Cochrane Division of Crane Company, a producer of ultra-high
purity water systems, Mr. Walter received his BS in Chemical Engineering from
the University of Delaware. He is a named inventor on ten of the Company's
patents.
32
<PAGE>
Joseph E. Berger joined the Company in June 1993 and has served as Vice
President--Worldwide Sales and Marketing since December 1995. Mr. Berger served
as the Company's Director of Sales and Marketing from June 1995 to December
1995, and as Program Director from June 1993 to June 1995. Mr. Berger served as
Director of Sales for A.E. Staley Manufacturing Co., a manufacturer of corn
sweetener and starches, from 1990 until May 1993. Mr. Berger received his BS in
Chemical Engineering from the University of Virginia and his MBA from Harvard
Business School.
David L. deLesdenier joined the Company in September 1996 and currently
serves as Vice President--Engineering. From August 1995 to August 1996, Mr.
deLesdenier was Corporate Vice President--Commercial and International for
Science Applications International Corporation, a defense contractor. From 1977
until June 1995, Mr. deLesdenier was Vice President--Technology for IPEC/Clean,
a manufacturer of sulfuric acid reprocessing systems for the semiconductor
industry. Mr. deLesdenier received his BS and MS from the Georgia Institute of
Technology and his MBA from San Diego State University.
Garry M. Mayers joined the Company in October 1996 and currently serves
as Vice President--Customer Service. From April 1991 until October 1996, Mr.
Mayers served as Director of World Wide Customer Service at ADE Corporation, a
manufacturer of chemical vapor deposition and ion implant equipment for
semiconductor devices. Mr. Mayers attended Northeastern University, majoring in
electrical engineering.
John L. Posta joined the Company in October 1993 as Vice
President--Manufacturing. Mr. Posta served as a consulting engineer to the
Company from August 1993 to October 1993 and as a manufacturing consultant from
August 1989 to October 1993. Mr. Posta served as Vice President of Operations
for Hercules Aerospace Display Systems from May 1988 to August 1989, and as
Director of Manufacturing and Director of Materials for Commodore Business
Machines, Inc. from September 1984 to May 1988. Mr. Posta received his BS in
Industrial Management from Fairleigh Dickinson University.
Lorin J. Randall joined the Company in January 1995 as Vice
President--Finance, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer. From May
1994 to June 1995, Mr. Randall served as the President and Chief Executive
Officer of Greenwich Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, a drug development company
where from September 1991 to May 1994, he served as Vice President--Finance and
Chief Financial Officer. From April 1990 to March 1991, Mr. Randall served as
President and Chief Executive Officer of Surgilase, Inc., a supplier of surgical
laser equipment. Mr. Randall received his BS in Accounting from The Pennsylvania
State University and his MBA from Northeastern University. Mr. Randall is a
director of Quad Systems Corporation.
Steven T. Bay joined the Company in April 1992 as Director of
Technology and Marketing/Far East, and has served as Chief Technical Officer
since September 1994. From 1990 until April 1992, Mr. Bay was employed by
Bridgetek, Inc. of San Jose, California, which was the manufacturer's
representative for the Company in California and the Pacific Northwest. Mr. Bay
received his BA in Chemistry from St. Louis University.
Heinrich S. Erhardt joined the Company in January 1992 and currently
serves as Vice President--Product Development. From January 1992 until September
1996, Mr. Erhardt served as Vice President--Engineering. Prior to joining the
Company, Mr. Erhardt served as Vice President of Operations for Image
Storage/Retrieval Systems, a supplier of high-density data storage systems, from
January to December 1991, and as President of HEA, Inc., a computer maintenance
service and consulting company, from October 1989 to December 1990. Mr. Erhardt
received his BS in Mechanical Engineering from City University of New York and
his MS in Engineering Science from The Pennsylvania State University.
33
<PAGE>
Steven Verhaverbeke joined the Company in February 1995 and has served
as Director of Process Technology since that time. Dr. Verhaverbeke was employed
by IMEC of Leuven, Belgium, a microelectronics research institute, as a senior
researcher from August 1994 to January 1995 and as a doctoral researcher from
September 1988 to July 1993. Dr. Verhaverbeke also served as a researcher at
Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan from August 1993 to August 1994. Dr.
Verhaverbeke received his PhD in Chemical Engineering from K.U. Leuven, Belgium.
James J. Kim has been a director of the Company since 1991. Mr. Kim is
the founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of AMKOR Electronics, a
leading semiconductor assembly company. He also founded and serves as Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer of The Electronics Boutique, an electronics products
retailer, and as Chairman of ANAM Group, the parent of ANAM, the Company's
Korean agent. See Item 13-- "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
Brad S. Mattson has been a director of the Company since December 1995.
Mr. Mattson founded Mattson Technology, Inc., a manufacturer of semiconductor
fabrication equipment, and has served as its Chief Executive Officer, President
and a Director since its inception in November 1988. Mr. Mattson was the founder
of Novellus, a semiconductor equipment company, and formerly served as its
President. Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. He has also held executive
positions at Applied Materials and LFE Corporation, both semiconductor equipment
companies.
Burton E. McGillivray has been a director of the Company since 1990.
Since January 1994, Mr. McGillivray has served as Managing Director of First
Chicago Equity Capital, a venture capital firm. From January to December 1993,
Mr. McGillivray was a Chicago-based private investor, and from September 1984 to
December 1992, Mr. McGillivray was employed by Continental Illinois Venture
Corporation and Continental Equity Capital Corporation, serving as Managing
Director of both from 1989 to 1992. Mr. McGillivray received his AB from Harvard
University and his MBA from Harvard Business School. Mr. McGillivray is a member
of the board of directors of Three-Five Systems, Inc.
Milton S. Stearns, Jr. has been a director of the Company since
December 1994. Since 1972, Mr. Stearns has been President of Charter Financial
Company, a corporate financial consulting company. Mr. Stearns has been a
director of five public and a number of private companies. In addition, from
1976 to 1987, he was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Judson Infrared
Inc., a manufacturer of infrared detectors for military and telecommunications
companies. Mr. Stearns received his BS from Harvard University and his MBA from
Harvard Business School.
All directors hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders
or until their successors have been elected and qualified. Officers are
appointed by the Board of Directors and serve at the discretion of the Board.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires the
Company's directors and executive officers and person who own more than ten
percent of its Common Stock to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission
and The Nasdaq Stock market initial reports of ownership and reports of changes
in ownership of Common Stock and other equity securities of the Company.
To the Company's knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of
such reports furnished to it and written representations that no other reports
were required during or with respect to the fiscal year ended
34
<PAGE>
October 31, 1996, all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to its
officers, directors and greater than ten percent shareholders were complied
with.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
----------------------
The following table sets forth information concerning the annual and
long-term compensation for services in all capacities to the Company for the
fiscal years ended October 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 of those persons who during
such fiscal years (i) served as the Company's chief executive officer or (ii)
were the four most highly-compensated executive officers (other than the chief
executive officer) (collectively, the "Named Executive Officers"):
Summary Compensation Table
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Long Term
Compensation
Awards
------------
Annual Compensation Securities
Fiscal ------------------- Underlying All Other
Name and Principal Position Year Salary($) Bonus($) Options(#) Compensation($)(1)
- --------------------------- ------ --------- -------- ----------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Roger A. Carolin ................................... 1996 $150,000 $60,000 -- $6,653
President and Chief Executive Officer 1995 103,550 30,000 -- 6,531
1994 94,800 25,000 -- 1,813
Christopher F. McConnell ........................... 1996 140,000 50,000 -- 8,066
Chairman of the Board of Directors 1995 103,550 33,000 -- 9,386
1994 94,800 25,000 -- 3,497
Lorin J. Randall(2)................................. 1996 125,000 30,000 -- 5,426
Vice President--Finance, Secretary and 1995 101,563 15,000 39,916 72
Treasurer 1994 -- -- -- --
Alan E. Walter...................................... 1996 90,000 45,000 -- 7,202
Senior Vice President, Business Development 1995 79,800 25,500 -- 6,744
1994 79,800 2,500 -- 1,745
Huw K. Thomas(3).................................... 1996 116,846 -- -- 4,458
Executive Vice President 1995 88,550 25,000 -- 5,233
1994 82,300 25,000 16,632 1,970
Joseph E. Berger.................................... 1996 90,000 25,000 -- 3,691
Vice President--Worldwide Sales and 1995 82,000 16,500 -- 2,236
Marketing 1994 82,000 16,400 -- 600
</TABLE>
- --------------------
(1) Compensation reported represents (a) the dollar value of premiums paid
by the Company on two life insurance policies, one regularly furnished
to all employees, and the other an executive policy for Messrs.
Carolin, McConnell and Randall; (b) the Company's matching contribution
to the 401(k) Plan paid in fiscal 1995 for the 1994 fiscal year, paid
in fiscal 1996 for the 1995 fiscal year and paid in fiscal 1997 for the
1996 fiscal year; and (c) amounts from the Company's annual profit
sharing plan.
35
<PAGE>
(2) Mr. Randall joined the Company in January 1995. His annual salary is
$125,000.
(3) Mr. Thomas resigned as Executive Vice President in fiscal year 1996.
No stock options were granted to any of the Named Executive Officers
during the fiscal year ended October 31, 1996.
The following table sets forth the number of shares covered by
exercisable and unexercisable options held by the Named Executive Officers on
October 31, 1996 and the aggregate gains that would have been realized had these
options been exercised on October 31, 1996, even though these options were not
exercised, and the unexercisable options could not have been exercised on
October 31, 1996. No stock options were exercised by the Named Executive
Officers during the fiscal year ended October 31, 1996.
Aggregated Option Exercises in Last Fiscal Year and Fiscal Year-End
Option Values
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Securities Value of Unexercised
Underlying Unexercised In-the-Money Options
Options at Fiscal Year End(#) at Fiscal Year End($)(1)
----------------------------- ------------------------
Name Exercisable Unexercisable Exercisable Unexercisable
---- ----------- ------------- ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Roger A. Carolin................ 192,928 -- $1,151,780 --
Christopher F. McConnell........ -- -- -- --
Lorin J. Randall................ 17,465 22,451 15,002 $19,285
Alan E. Walter.................. -- -- -- --
Huw K. Thomas................... 33,264 -- 278,586 --
Joseph E. Berger................ 32,432 7,484 193,619 44,679
</TABLE>
- --------------------
(1) Options are in-the-money if the market value of the shares covered
thereby is greater than the option exercise price. Calculated based on
the fair market value at fiscal year end of $8.375 per share, less the
exercise price.
1992 Stock Option Plan
The Company's 1992 Stock Option Plan (the "Option Plan") was adopted by
the Company in 1992 and was amended and restated and was approved by the
Company's shareholders in May 1995. The purposes of the Option Plan are to
attract and retain qualified personnel, to provide additional incentives to
employees and officers of and consultants to the Company and to promote the
success of the Company's business. As of December 31, 1996, options to purchase
an aggregate of 408,331 shares of the Company's Common Stock have been granted
under the Option Plan, and no additional options will be granted thereunder. The
Option Plan is administered by the Executive Compensation and Stock Option
Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Committee"), which Committee has
complete discretion to determine which eligible individuals are to receive
option grants, the number of shares subject to each such grant, the vesting
schedule to be in effect for the option grant and the maximum term for which any
granted option is to remain outstanding.
Each option granted under the Option Plan has a maximum term of ten
years (or five years with respect to holders of more than 10% of the voting
power of the Company's outstanding stock), subject to earlier termination
following the optionee's cessation of service with the Company. Options granted
under the Option Plan may be exercised only for fully vested shares. The
exercise price of options granted under the Option Plan must be at least 100% of
the fair market value of the stock subject to the Option on the date of grant
(or 110% with respect to holders of more than 10% of the voting power of the
Company's outstanding stock). The Executive Compensation and Stock
36
<PAGE>
Option Committee determines the fair market value of the Common Stock from time
to time. The option exercise price is payable in cash upon the exercise of the
option.
The Committee may amend or modify the Option Plan at any time, provided
that no such amendment or modification may adversely affect the rights and
obligations of the participants with respect to their outstanding options
invested shares without their consent. In addition, no amendment of the Option
Plan may, without the approval of the Company's shareholders, (i) modify the
class of individuals eligible for participation, (ii) increase the number of
shares available for issuance, except in the event of certain changes to the
Company's capital structure or (iii) extend the term of the Option Plan.
Other Options
Options to purchase 202,255 shares of Common Stock were granted from
1990 to 1996 not pursuant to a stock option plan.
Annual Profit Sharing Plan
The Company has an Annual Profit Sharing Plan (the "Profit Sharing
Plan") pursuant to which certain eligible employees of the Company may receive
annual distributions, in cash, based upon the Company's operating profit for the
most recent fiscal year. For the 1995 and 1996 fiscal years, $65,000 and
$150,000, respectively, was paid to eligible employees under the Profit Sharing
Plan.
1995 Incentive Plan
In December 1995, the Company's Board of Directors adopted, and in
January 1996, the Company's shareholders approved, the 1995 Incentive Plan (the
"Incentive Plan"). Under the Incentive Plan, the Company is authorized to award
up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock to employees of the Company and its
subsidiaries. As of December 31, 1996, options for an aggregate of 400,000
shares were outstanding under the Incentive Plan, and options for an additional
39,937 shares were granted, subject to shareholder approval of an increase in
the number of shares authorized for issuance under the Incentive Plan. An
increase in the number of shares issuable pursuant to the Incentive Plan was
approved by the Board of Directors on December 18, 1996, subject to shareholder
approval. If approved by the shareholders, an additional 600,000 shares would be
reserved and available for future option grants, which would include the 39,937
shares underlying options already granted subject to shareholder approval. The
Committee administers the Incentive Plan. Under the terms of the Incentive Plan,
the Committee is required to be composed of two or more directors, each of whom
shall be a "disinterested person" within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Committee has the authority to
interpret the Incentive Plan and to determine and designate the persons to whom
awards shall be made and the terms, conditions and restrictions applicable to
each award (including, but not limited to, the price, any restriction or
limitation, any vesting schedule or acceleration thereof and any forfeiture
restrictions).
The Incentive Plan contains provisions for granting various stock-based
awards, including incentive stock options as defined in Section 422 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), nonqualified stock
options and Restricted Stock (as further described below). The term of the
Incentive Plan is ten years, subject to earlier termination or amendment.
Stock Options. The Incentive Plan provides for the grant of "incentive
stock options," as defined in Section 422 of the Code, to employees of the
Company. The Incentive Plan also provides for the grants of stock options that
do not qualify as incentive stock options under the Code ("non-qualified stock
options") to employees of the Company,
37
<PAGE>
including directors who are employees of the Company. The exercise price of any
incentive stock option granted under the Incentive Plan may not be less than
100% of the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock on the date of
grant. Options granted under the Incentive Plan may be exercised for cash, by
reduction of the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon such exercise
or, to the extent determined by the Committee, in exchange for shares of Common
Stock owned by the option holder having a fair market value on the date of
exercise equal to the option exercise price. The aggregate fair market value,
determined on the date of grant, of the shares with respect to which incentive
stock options are exercisable for the first time by an employee during any
calendar year may not exceed $100,000.
Under the Incentive Plan, each option is exercisable for the full
amount or for any part thereof at such intervals or in such installments as the
Incentive Committee shall determine at the time it grants an option. However, no
award shall be exercisable with respect to any shares of Common Stock later than
ten years after the date of the grant of such option. All options are
non-transferable by the optionee except upon death. The shares subject to
expired options or terminated options which remain unexercised become available
for future grants.
If an optionee ceases to be employed by the Company for any reason
other than death, disability or retirement, any option exercisable on the date
of such termination generally may be exercised for a period of 90 days from the
date of such termination or until the expiration of the stated term of the
option, whichever period is shorter. In the event of termination of employment
by reason of death or retirement, any option exercisable at the date of such
termination generally may be exercised for a period of one year from the date of
termination or until the expiration of the stated term of the option, whichever
period is shorter. In the event of a change of control of the Company, the
Incentive Plan provides that all outstanding options will become immediately
exercisable.
Restricted Stock. "Restricted Stock" consists of shares of the
Company's Common Stock granted to an employee for no consideration, which will
be forfeited to the Company if the grantee ceases to be an employee of the
Company during a restriction period specified by the Committee at the time it
grants the Restricted Stock. In the event of death or disability, the
restrictions will lapse with respect to that percentage of Restricted Stock held
by the grantee that is equal to the percentage of the restriction period that
had elapsed as of the date of death or commencement of disability. In the event
of a change of control of the Company, all restrictions on shares of Restricted
Stock will lapse. Shares of Restricted Stock that are forfeited become available
for future grants.
Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan
In December 1995, the Company's Board of Directors adopted, and in
January 1996, the Company's shareholders approved, the Non-Employee Directors'
Stock Option Plan (the "Directors' Plan"), under which options to purchase up to
150,000 shares of Common Stock may be granted to non-employee directors. The
purposes of the Directors' Plan are to attract and retain independent directors
and to strengthen the mutuality of interests between such directors and the
Company's shareholders. As of December 31, 1996, options to purchase an
aggregate of 10,000 shares of Common Stock have been granted under the
Directors' Plan.
The Directors' Plan is administered by the Company's Board of
Directors. Under the terms of the Directors' Plan, the option exercise price
shall be 100% of the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant and
each option generally expires upon the earlier of twelve months after the
optionee ceases to be a director of the Company or ten years.
Each independent director elected at an annual meeting of shareholders
will automatically be granted an option on the date of such meeting of
shareholders to purchase 3,000 shares of Common Stock, which option will vest on
the date of the next succeeding annual meeting of shareholders. Each independent
director elected to fill a vacancy on the Board of Directors will automatically
be granted an option on the date of election to purchase 10,000 shares of Common
38
<PAGE>
Stock, one-third of which shall vest on each of the first three anniversaries of
the date of grant. An amendment to the Directors' Plan to provide for the annual
grant of options to purchase 200 shares of Common Stock with respect to each
committee of the Board of Directors on which a director serves was approved by
the Board of Directors and the Committee on December 18, 1996, subject to
shareholder approval.
Under the Directors' Plan, no award shall be exercisable with respect
to any shares of Common Stock later than ten years after the date of the grant
of such option. All options are non-transferable by the optionee except upon
death. The shares subject to expired options or terminated options which remain
unexercised become available for future grants.
If an optionee ceases to be a member of the Board of Directors for any
reason other than death, disability or retirement, any option exercisable on the
date of such termination generally may be exercised for a period of 90 days from
the date of such termination or until the expiration of the stated term of the
option, whichever period is shorter. In the event of termination of Board
membership by reason of death or retirement, any option exercisable at the date
of such termination generally may be exercised for a period of one year from the
date of termination or until the expiration of the stated term of the option,
whichever period is shorter. In the event of termination of Board membership by
reason of disability, all options outstanding at the date of such termination
will become immediately exercisable and generally may be exercised for a period
of one year from the date of termination or until the expiration of the stated
term of the option, whichever period is shorter.
The Board of Directors of the Company may make any amendments to the
Directors' Plan which it deems necessary or advisable.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In December 1995, the Company's Board of Directors adopted, and in
January 1996, the Company's shareholders approved, an Employee Stock Purchase
Plan (the "Purchase Plan"), which allows all full-time employees of the Company,
subject to certain limitations, to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock
at a discount from the prevailing market price at the time of purchase. Such
shares may be purchased on the open market or may be newly issued shares of
Common Stock. Any employee owning five percent or more of the voting power or
value of the Company is not eligible to participate in the Purchase Plan. A
maximum of 300,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock may be purchased under
the Purchase Plan. As of December 31, 1996, no shares have been granted under
the Purchase Plan.
An eligible employee will be able to specify an amount to be withheld
from his or her paycheck and credited to an account established for him or her
(the "Participation Account"). Amounts in the Participation Account will be
applied to the purchase of shares of the Company's Common Stock on the
termination date of each offering made under the Purchase Plan. The price for
such shares will be equal to 85% of the market price of the Common Stock, as
determined pursuant to the Purchase Plan. Only whole shares of Common Stock may
be purchased. Amounts withheld from an employee's paycheck and not applied to
the purchase of whole shares of Common Stock will, at the election of the
employee, either remain credited to the employee's Participation Account or be
returned to the employee.
Upon termination of an employee's employment for any reason other than
death or an approved leave of absence, all amounts credited to such employee's
Participation Account shall be resumed to him or her. Upon termination of an
employee's employment because of death, his or her successor-in-interest shall
have the right to elect before the earlier of the offering termination date or
the 60th day following the employee's date of death either to withdraw the
amount credited to his or her Participation Account or to apply such amounts to
the purchase of Common Stock.
39
<PAGE>
The Purchase Plan is administered by the Board of Directors, which may
delegate responsibility for such administration to a committee of the Board of
Directors. The Board of Directors may amend or terminate the Purchase Plan at
any time. The Purchase Plan is intended to comply with the requirements of
Section 423 of the Code.
401(k) Plan
In November 1993, the Company adopted a deferred 401(k) salary savings
plan (the "401(k) Plan") for the benefit of its employees and their
beneficiaries, which was amended in April 1995. Generally, any employee who has
completed six months of service and is over 21 years of age is eligible to
participate in the 401(k) Plan. Each eligible employee may elect to contribute
to the 401(k) Plan through payroll deductions up to 15% of his or her eligible
compensation. Participants are 100% vested in their contributions immediately.
The Company matches contributions up to certain levels.
Long-Term Incentive Plans ("LTIP") Awards in Fiscal Year 1996
None.
Defined Benefit or Actuarial Plan
None.
Compensation of Directors
The Company reimburses directors for expenses incurred in connection
with attendance at meetings of the Board of Directors and committees. In March
1991, the Company and Mr. McGillivray entered into a Stock Option Agreement (the
"McGillivray Agreement") pursuant to which the Company granted to Mr.
McGillivray four-year options to purchase up to 832 shares of Common Stock, at
an exercise price of $2.41 per share, for each meeting of the Board of Directors
attended by Mr. McGillivray during a two year period beginning in December 1990.
This agreement was amended in June 1993 to provide for additional grants of
options to purchase 832 shares of Common Stock for each meeting of the Board of
Directors attended by Mr. McGillivray during the period from March 1993 to
December 1997. The amendment also extended the term of the options previously
granted to ten years. The McGillivray Agreement was also amended in September
1994 to provide an exercise price of $7.52 per share with respect to all stock
options granted under the McGillivray Agreement after January 6, 1994. In
December 1994, the Company and Mr. Stearns entered into a Stock Option Agreement
(the "Stearns Agreement") pursuant to which the Company granted to Mr. Stearns
ten-year options to purchase up to 832 shares of Common Stock, at an exercise
price of $7.52 per share for each meeting of the Board of Directors attended by
Mr. Stearns during a one year period beginning in December 1994. This agreement
was amended in November 1995 to provide for additional grants of options to
purchase 832 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.52 per share for
each meeting of the Board of Directors attended by Mr. Stearns during the period
from November 1995 to October 1997. Messrs. McGillivray and Stearns will
continue to be compensated for their service on and attendance at meetings of
the Board of Directors through stock option grants to be made pursuant to the
terms of the McGillivray Agreement and the Stearns Agreement, respectively. Upon
the respective terminations of the McGillivray Agreement and the Stearns
Agreement, Messrs. McGillivray and Stearns will be compensated for their service
on the Board of Directors pursuant to the Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option
Plan described above.
In March 1996, the Board of Directors granted options to purchase up to
3,000 shares of Common Stock to each of John N. McConnell, Sr. (father of
Christopher F. McConnell) and Vincent L. Verdiani in connection with the
appointment of these individuals as Honorary Lifetime Directors of the Company.
The exercise price of these ten-year options is $7.52 per share and such options
were fully exercisable on the date of grant. Honorary Lifetime Directors are
40
<PAGE>
not elected by the Company's shareholders, do not receive any compensation for
their service as such and not voting members of the Board of Directors.
Also in March 1996, the Board of Directors granted to Mr. Mattson
ten-year options to purchase up to 2,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise
price of $7.52 per share, which will be exercisable in full commencing on March
3, 1997. These options were granted as compensation for Mr. Mattson's service as
a consultant to the Company during the term of the options. In March 1996, Mr.
Mattson also received a grant of options to purchase up to 10,000 shares of
Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.52 per share pursuant to the Company's
Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan. One-third of these options will vest
on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant, and the options
will expire upon the earlier of the tenth anniversary of their grant or twelve
months after Mr. Mattson ceases to be a director of the Company.
In the future, the Company may compensate directors for their service
as directors through cash compensation, stock options or stock grants. See
"--Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan."
Employment Contracts
The Company has entered into a written employment agreement with Lorin
J. Randall, its Vice President--Finance and Chief Financial Officer. The
agreement continues until terminated pursuant to its terms. The agreement
provides for a base salary of $125,000 and for such employee benefits as are
made available to other employees of the Company. In addition, pursuant to the
agreement, Mr. Randall received a non-qualified option to purchase 39,916 shares
of Common Stock of the Company for $7.52 per share under the Company's 1992
Stock Option Plan. In the event the Company terminates the agreement without
"cause" (as defined in the agreement), Mr. Randall will be entitled to continue
to receive his then-current base salary for six months following such
termination, or until the date he commences permanent, full-time employment
elsewhere, whichever first occurs.
Except as set forth above, the Company does not have employment
agreements with any of its executive officers.
Board Meetings
The Board of Directors held a total of four regular meetings and two
special meetings during fiscal year 1996. All directors attended over 75% of the
aggregate member of regular meetings of the Board of Directors, except for
Mr. Kim.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The Executive Compensation and Stock Option Committee of the Company's
Board of Directors was formed in November 1991 and the members of this committee
are Messrs. Mattson and McGillivray. Neither of these individuals was at any
time during the fiscal year ended October 31, 1996 or at any other time an
officer or employee of the Company. No executive officer of the Company serves
as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity
which has one or more executive officers serving as a member of the Company's
Board of Directors or Executive Compensation and Stock Option Committee.
Until October 18, 1996, James J. Kim, a director and shareholder of the
Company, served on the Executive Compensation and Stock Option Committee of the
Board of Directors. Mr. Kim is, directly and indirectly, the largest shareholder
of ANAM. ANAM, which is also a shareholder of the Company, acts as the Company's
sales agent in Korea. See Item 13--"Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions."
Limitation of Officers' and Directors' Liability
The Company's Articles of Incorporation, as amended, and Amended and
Restated By-Laws include provisions (i) to reduce the personal liability of the
Company's directors for monetary damages resulting from breaches of the
fiduciary duty and (ii) to permit the Company to indemnify its directors and
officers to the fullest extent permitted by Pennsylvania law.
41
<PAGE>
At present there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any
director, officer, employee or agent of the Company where indemnification will
be required or permitted. The Company is not aware of any threatened litigation
or proceeding that might result in a claim for such indemnification.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
--------------------------------------------------------------
The following table sets forth, as of January 23, 1997, information
with respect to the beneficial ownership of the Common Stock of the Company by
(i) each person known to the Company to own 5% or more of the outstanding shares
of Common Stock, (ii) each of the Company's directors, (iii) each of the Named
Executive Officers and (iv) all of the directors and executive officers as a
group. As of January 23, 1997, there were 6,053,340 shares of Common Stock
outstanding.
42
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Shares Beneficially
Owned
(1)(2)
----------------
Name* Number Percent
---- ------ -------
<S> <C> <C>
Christopher F. McConnell(3)......... 1,208,297 19.96%
Alan E. Walter...................... 352,896 5.83
ANAM S&T Co., Ltd................... 222,758 3.68
493-3 Sung Sung-Dong
Cheon-An. Choong-Nam
Korea 330-300(4)
James J. Kim(5)..................... 256,038 4.23
Roger A. Carolin(6)................. 192,928 3.09
Burton E. McGillivray(7)............ 39,917 **
Milton S. Stearns, Jr.(8)........... 44,843 **
Lorin J. Randall(9)................. 19,960 **
Joseph E. Berger(9)................. 34,927 **
Huw K. Thomas(10)................... 172,949 2.84
Brad S. Mattson..................... -- --
All directors and executive officers
as a group (13 persons)(5)(11)...... 2,334,408 36.59
</TABLE>
- ----------------
* Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each shareholder named
in this table is CFM Technologies, Inc., 1336 Enterprise Drive, West
Chester, PA 19380.
** Less than 1%.
(1) Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table, the persons
named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to
all shares beneficially owned.
(2) Based on 6,053,340 shares outstanding, except that shares underlying
options exercisable within 60 days are deemed to be outstanding for
purposes of calculating the percentage owned by the holder of such options.
(3) Includes 38,919 shares owned by Mr. McConnell's wife and 26,624 shares held
in trust for Mr. McConnell's children.
(4) The shares owned by ANAM are included in Mr. Kim's beneficial ownership.
(5) Includes 222,758 shares owned by ANAM, of which Mr. James Kim is, directly
and indirectly, the largest shareholder.
(6) Consists of exercisable options to purchase 192,928 shares. Mr. Carolin
disclaims beneficial ownership of 83,159 shares owned by his wife.
(7) Includes 16,632 shares owned jointly with Mr. McGillivray's wife and
exercisable options to purchase 23,285 shares.
(8) Includes 3,527 shares held in a trust of which Mr. Stearns is trustee and
exercisable options to purchase 9,979 shares and 31,337 owned shares.
(9) Consists of exercisable options.
(10) Includes exercisable options to purchase 33,264 shares.
(11) Includes exercisable options to purchase 325,996 shares.
Changes in control
The Company knows of no arrangement, including the pledge by any person of
securities of the Company, which may at a subsequent date result in a change in
control of the Company.
43
<PAGE>
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
In 1984 and 1985, CFM Technologies, Incorporated, which is now the
Company's wholly-owned operating subsidiary ("CFM Sub"), entered into research
and development agreements with two related party limited partnerships
(together, the "Partnerships"), in which CFM Sub was the general partner. A
significant number of the limited partners were also significant shareholders of
CFM Sub. In April 1987 and September 1988, CFM Sub exercised its options under
the research and development agreements between CFM Sub and the Partnerships to
purchase the Partnerships' technologies. This exercise resulted in a liability
of CFM Sub to the Partnerships in the aggregate amount of $2,184.000. This
amount was calculated based on the total cost to the Partnerships of developing
the technology, including parts and materials, rent, salaries and other
administrative costs incurred in developing and testing prototype units, with
such cost being multiplied by a factor which depended upon the time at which the
option was exercised. At the time of the exercise of the first option in April
1987, the development cost was approximately $383,000 and the factor in effect
at that time was 3.00, resulting in a liability of $1,149,000. Similarly, at the
time of the exercise of the second option in September 1988, the development
cost was approximately $345,000 and the factor in effect at that time was also
3.00, resulting in a liability of $1,035,000. Through the end of the 1994 fiscal
year, CFM Sub had made aggregate payments of $1,612,000 to the Partnerships.
During 1994, in response to inquiries and requests by a number of the limited
partners of the Partnerships, CFM Sub began to investigate the possibility of
exchanging the limited partners' interests in the Partnerships for common stock
or other securities of CFM Sub. In October 1994, CFM Sub sent a letter to each
limited partner of each of the Partnerships outlining a proposal to exchange the
limited partnership interests of the limited partners for common stock of a new
entity, The CFM Technology Corporation, on a tax free basis. As of October 31,
1994, the obligation due from CFM Sub to the Partnerships, net of tax, was
approximately $3,200,000. Also in October 1994, the shareholders of CFM Sub and
the general partner of the Partnerships approved a reorganization for the
purpose of dissolving the Partnerships and incorporating the limited partners
thereof as equity holders of CFM Sub. Pursuant to the reorganization, effective
November 1, 1994, the Company was incorporated as "The CFM Technology
Corporation" and acquired all of the outstanding shares of common stock of CFM
Sub in exchange for an equal number of shares of Common Stock. The Company also
acquired all of the assets of the Partnerships, which consisted primarily of CFM
Sub's obligations to the Partnerships, in exchange for an aggregate of 408,339
shares of Common Stock, the value of which approximated the obligation then due
from CFM Sub to the Partnerships, net of tax. The price per share of Common
Stock utilized in connection with the exchange of such Common Stock for the
assets of the Partnerships was determined by reference to the offering price of
the Common Stock in connection with a limited offering of Common Stock which
commenced on January 1994 and concluded in October 1994. The Common Stock issued
to the Partnerships was then distributed to the limited partners of the
Partnerships in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the
Partnerships. Of that Common Stock, 22,188 shares were issued to John N.
McConnell and 7,128 shares were issued to Vincent Verdiani, both of whom were
directors of the Company at the time. See Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements. John N. McConnell is the father of Christopher F.
McConnell, the Chairman of the Company's Board of Directors. In December 1995,
the Company changed its name to "CFM Technologies, Inc." The Partnerships'
Certificates of Limited Partnership were cancelled in May 1995. In November
1995, counsel to two shareholders who acquired 31,614 shares of Common Stock in
connection with the November 1, 1994 exchange sent letters to the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the Pennsylvania Securities Commission referencing such
shareholders' objection to that transaction and its valuation and allegations
that the Company breached certain duties and violated unspecified state and
federal laws in connection therewith. Specifically, counsel to these
shareholders alleged that the Company had no right to cause the exchange and
that the exchange rate utilized in the transaction was too low. The Company
believes that such shareholders' objections and allegations are without merit
and that any resolution of such matter will not have a material adverse effect
on the Company.
In October 1994, the Company sold 332,633 shares of Common Stock of the
Company to ANAM, a company controlled by Mr. James Kim, a director and
shareholder of the Company, for $6.02 per share. ANAM acts as the Company's
sales agent in Korea. The Company believes that the terms of the sale of these
shares of Common Stock to ANAM were no less favorable than could have been
obtained from other large investors. During fiscal 1994, 1995 and 1996, sales
commissions accrued by the Company pursuant to the ANAM sales agency agreement
aggregated $430,000,
44
<PAGE>
$282,000 and $2,444,000, respectively. The terms of the commissions to ANAM were
no less favorable than would have been obtained from unrelated third parties.
45
<PAGE>
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K
---------------------------------------------------------------
Financial Statements
- --------------------
The financial statements and financial statement information required
by this Item are included on pages F-1 through F-18 of this report. The Report
of Independent Public Accountants appears on page F-2 of this report. All other
schedules have been omitted because they are inapplicable, not required, or the
information is included elsewhere in the financial statements or notes thereto.
Exhibits
- --------
The following is a list of exhibits. Where so indicated by footnote,
exhibits which were previously filed are incorporated by reference. For exhibits
incorporated by reference, the location of the exhibit in the previous filing is
indicated in parentheses.
Exhibit Number Description
- -------------- -----------
3.1 Articles of Incorporation of CFM Technologies, Inc., as
amended.*
3.2 By-Laws of CFM Technologies, Inc.*
4 Form of Common Stock Certificate.*
10.1 Employment Agreement dated as of January 9, 1995 by and
between CFM Technologies, Inc. and Lorin Jeffrey Randall.*
10.2 Stock Option Agreement dated March 18, 1991 between CFM
Technologies, Inc. and Burton McGillivray, as extended and
amended on June 11. 1993 and as amended on September 25,
1994.*
10.3 Stock Option Agreement dated as of December 9, 1994 by and
between CFM Technologies, Inc. and Milton Stearns, as amended
on November 3, 1995.*
10.4 CFM Technologies, Inc. Annual Profit Sharing Plan.*
10.4.1 Amendment to CFM Technologies, Inc. Annual Profit Sharing
Plan***
10.5 CFM Technologies. Inc. 1992 Employee Stock Option Plan.*
10.6 CFM Technologies, Inc. 1995 Incentive Plan.*
10.7 CFM Technologies, Inc. Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option
Plan.*
10.8 CFM Technologies, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan.*
10.9 Distributor Agreement dated November 28, 1991 by and between
ANAM Semiconductor Design Co., Ltd and CFM Technologies, Inc.
and supplement to the Distributor Agreement dated August 26,
1994.*
10.10 Distributor Agreement dated March 3, 1992 by and between
Innotech Corporation and CFM Technologies, Inc., as modified
on June 15, 1994.*
10.11 Lease Agreement dated October 10, 1995 by and between
Hough/Loew Construction, Inc. and CFM Technologies, Inc. and
Addendum to Lease Agreement dated October 10, 1995.*
10.11.1 Amendment Number Two to Lease Agreement dated April 30, 1996
by and between CFM Technologies, Inc. and Hugh/Loew
Construction, Inc.***
10.11.2 Commercial Lease Agreement dated December 16, 1996 between CFM
Technologies, Inc. and Devereux Properties, Inc.***
10.12 Loan Agreement dated July 27, 1994 by and between Chester
County Development Council ("CCDC") and CFM Technologies,
Inc.*
10.13 $100,000 Mortgage dated as of July 27, 1994, from CFM
Technologies, Inc. to CCDC.*
10.14 Removed**
46
<PAGE>
10.15 Guaranties dated October 13, 1995 executed by CFMT. Inc. and
CFM International Corp. in favor of CoreStates.*
10.16 Removed**
10.17 Mortgage dated February 16, 1994 between CFM Technologies,
Inc. and CoreStates.*
10.18 $150,000 Commercial Promissory Note dated September 28, 1994
from CFM Technologies, Inc. to CoreStates.
10.19 $100,000 Commercial Promissory Note dated August 11, 1994 from
CFM Technologies, Inc. to CoreStates.
10.19.1 $100,000 Commercial Promissory Note dated February 16, 1994
from CFM Technologies, Inc. to CoreStates.
10.20 Assignment of Leases, Rents, Agreements of Sale, Licenses and
Permits dated February 16, 1994 by CFM Technologies, Inc. to
CoreStates.*
10.21 Agent Agreement dated December 16, 1996 between the CFM
Technologies, Inc. and Ampoc Far East Company Limited.***
10.22 Letter agreement dated March 25, 1996 between CoreStates and
CFM Technologies, Inc. and $7,500,000 Master Demand Note dated
April 1, 1996 from CFM Technologies, Inc. to CoreStates Bank
(10.21).*
11 Statement re computation of per share earnings.***
21 Subsidiaries of the registrant.*
23.1 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP.
27 Financial Data Schedule.***
- ------------
* Incorporated by reference to the registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (Registration No. 33-80359), declared effective on June 18, 1996.
** Removed as a result of being paid in full from the proceeds of the
Company's June 18, 1996 offering.
*** Incorporated by reference to the registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (Registration No. pending), filed on January 24, 1996, and the
registrant's Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. pending), filed on January 27, 1996.
Reports on Form 8-K
- -------------------
The Company filed no reports on Form 8-K during the quarter ended October
31, 1996 and through January 24, 1997.
47
<PAGE>
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Public Accountants..................................F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of October 31, 1996 and 1995...............F-3
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended October 31,
1996, 1995 and 1994....................................................F-5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended
October 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994........................................F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended October 31,
1996, 1995 and 1994....................................................F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements................................F-8
F-1
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To CFM Technologies, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CFM
Technologies, Inc. (a Pennsylvania corporation) and subsidiaries as of October
31, 1996 and 1995, and the related consolidated statements of income,
shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended October 31, 1996. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of CFM Technologies,
Inc. and subsidiaries as of October 31, 1996 and 1995, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
October 31, 1996, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
Philadelphia, Pa.,
December 19, 1996
F-2
<PAGE>
CFM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
October 31, October 31,
1996 1995
---------- -------
(In thousands)
ASSETS
------
<S> <C> <C>
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 9,308 $ 408
Short-term investments 2,946 --
Accounts receivable 15,090 8,886
Inventories 8,047 3,700
Prepaid expenses and other 362 184
Deferred income taxes 641 529
---------- ----------
Total current assets 36,394 13,707
---------- ----------
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:
Land 540 540
Building and improvements 3,180 2,205
Machinery and equipment 4,075 1,640
Furniture and fixtures 934 412
---------- ----------
8,729 4,797
Less - Accumulated depreciation and amortization (1,268) (406)
---------- ----------
Net property, plant and equipment 7,461 4,391
---------- ----------
OTHER ASSETS:
Patents, net of accumulated amortization of $76 and $57 266 251
Other 130 105
---------- ----------
Total other assets 396 356
$ 44,251 $ 18,454
========== ==========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-3
<PAGE>
CFM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
October 31, October 31,
1996 1995
----------- ----------
(In thousands, except share data)
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
<S> <C> <C>
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Current portion of long-term debt $ 489 $ 574
Accounts payable 4,211 2,537
Accrued expenses 4,147 2,373
Customer deposits 22 87
----- -----
Total current liabilities 8,869 5,571
----- -----
LONG-TERM DEBT 2,525 3,005
----- -----
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES 146 103
----- -----
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 16)
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Preferred stock, no par value; 1,000,000 authorized shares;
no shares issued or outstanding -- --
Common stock, no par value; 10,000,000 authorized shares;
6,052,924 and 3,803,263 shares issued and outstanding 29,592 9,616
Retained earnings 3,119 159
---------- ----------
Total shareholders' equity 32,711 9,775
---------- ----------
$ 44,251 $ 18,454
========== ==========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-4
<PAGE>
CFM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended
October 31,
-----------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(In thousands, except share data)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
NET SALES $ 44,013 $ 23,430 $ 15,937
COST OF SALES 23,317 13,463 9,114
---------- ---------- ----------
Gross profit 20,696 9,967 6,823
---------- ---------- ----------
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Research, development and engineering 4,375 1,717 2,100
Selling, general and administrative 11,679 5,972 3,150
---------- ---------- ----------
Total operating expenses 16,054 7,689 5,250
---------- ---------- ----------
Operating income 4,642 2,278 1,573
INTEREST EXPENSE, Net of interest income of $271,
$72 and $31 157 173 797
---------- ---------- ----------
Income before income taxes 4,485 2,105 776
INCOME TAXES 1,525 703 238
---------- ---------- ----------
NET INCOME $ 2,960 $ 1,402 $ 538
========== ========== ==========
NET INCOME PER SHARE $ 0.61 $ 0.35
========== ==========
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON AND
COMMON EQUIVALENT SHARES 4,831 3,994
========== ==========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-5
<PAGE>
CFM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Retained
Common Stock Earnings
Shares Amount (Deficit) Total
------ ------ --------- -----
(In thousands, except share data)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE, OCTOBER 31, 1993 2,757,600 $ 2,018 $ (1,781) $ 237
Proceeds from sale of common stock 670,254 4,533 -- 4,533
Exercise of stock options 6,653 2 -- 2
Purchase of common stock (41,579) (201) -- (201)
Net income -- -- 538 538
--------- ------ ------ ------
BALANCE, OCTOBER 31, 1994 3,392,928 6,352 (1,243) 5,109
Common stock issued for services 1,996 15 -- 15
Exchange of common stock for
Partnership interests 408,339 3,249 -- 3,249
Net income -- -- 1,402 1,402
--------- ------ ------ ------
BALANCE, OCTOBER 31, 1995 3,803,263 9,616 159 9,775
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net 2,249,661 19,976 -- 19,976
Net income -- -- 2,960 2,960
--------- ------ ------ ------
BALANCE, OCTOBER 31, 1996 6,052,924 $ 29,592 $ 3,119 $ 32,711
========= ====== ====== ======
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-6
<PAGE>
CFM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended October 31,
--------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---------------------------------------
(In thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income $ 2,960 $ 1,402 $ 538
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in
operating activities -
Depreciation and amortization 881 224 134
Deferred income tax benefit (41) (251) (261)
(Increase) decrease in -
Accounts receivable (6,204) (2,887) (2,326)
Inventories (4,347) (358) (809)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (178) (12) (46)
Other assets (59) (94) 10
Increase (decrease) in -
Accounts payable 1,674 1,044 80
Accrued expenses 1,746 1,311 (276)
Customer deposits (65) (744) 201
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash used in operating activities (3,633) (365) (2,755)
---------- ---------- ----------
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of short-term investments (4,366) -- --
Proceeds from short-term investments 1,420 -- --
Purchases of property, plant and equipment (2,891) (1,311) (2,623)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash used in investing activities (5,837) (1,311) (2,623)
---------- ---------- ----------
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Payments on long-term debt (1,606) (388) (250)
Proceeds from long-term debt -- 1,241 2,212
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net 19,976 125 4,410
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash provided by financing activities 18,370 978 6,372
---------- ---------- ----------
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 8,900 (698) 994
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR 408 1,106 112
---------- ---------- ----------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR $ 9,308 $ 408 $ 1,106
========== ========== ==========
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest expense $ 444 $ 197 $ 745
Cash received for interest income 251 72 31
Cash paid for income taxes 1,949 730 528
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Machinery acquired under capital leases $ 1,041 $ 398 $ 316
Common stock issued for stock subscriptions receivable -- -- 125
Common stock issued for Partnership interests -- 3,249 --
Common stock issued for services -- 15 --
Note payable issued for common stock purchases -- -- 201
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-7
<PAGE>
CFM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS:
CFM Technologies, Inc. (the Company) designs, manufactures and markets
advanced wet processing equipment for sale to the worldwide semiconductor and
flat panel display industries.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and
transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an
original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Investments at
October 31, 1996 are carried at amortized cost which equals market value, and
are classified as short-term. The investments have various maturity dates which
do not exceed one year. At October 31, 1996, all of the Company's short-term
investments are classified as available for sale pursuant to Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in
Debt and Equity Securities," (SFAS 115). Therefore, any unrealized holding gains
or losses would be presented as a separate component of stockholders' equity. At
October 31, 1996, there were no unrealized holding gains or losses. The gross
proceeds from sales and maturities of investments were $1,420,000 for the year
ended October 31, 1996. Gross realized gains and losses for the year ended
October 31, 1996 were not material. For the purpose of determining gross
realized gains and losses, the cost of securities sold is based upon specific
identification.
F-8
<PAGE>
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the
following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
October 31,
----------------------------------
1996 1995
----------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds and demand accounts $ 423,000 $408,000
Repurchase agreements 4,556,000 -
Commercial paper 495,000 -
----------------------------------
$5,474,000 $408,000
========== ========
----------------------------------
Short-term investments:
Commercial paper 1,472,000 -
Mortgage-backed Government securities 987,000 -
U.S. government securities 487,000 -
----------------------------------
$2,946,000 $ -
========== ========
----------------------------------
</TABLE>
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of first-in, first-out cost or market.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Significant
improvements are capitalized and expenditures for maintenance and repairs are
charged to expense as incurred. Upon the sale or retirement of these assets, the
cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any
gain or loss is included in income.
Depreciation and amortization are provided using straight-line and
accelerated methods based on the estimated useful lives of the assets as
follows:
Building and improvements 40 years
Machinery and equipment 3-10 years
Furniture and fixtures 5-10 years
Depreciation expense was $862,000, $207,000 and $121,000 in fiscal 1996,
1995 and 1994, respectively.
Patents
The cost of patents acquired are being amortized on a straight-line method
over 17 years. Amortization expense was $19,000, $17,000 and $13,000 in fiscal
1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively.
F-9
<PAGE>
Revenue Recognition
Net sales are generally recognized upon shipment of the system and, if
recognized prior to shipment, upon completion of customer inspection or
acceptance where risk of loss is transferred to the customer. The estimated
costs of system installation and warranty are accrued when the related sale is
recognized.
Research, Development and Engineering Expenses
Research, development and engineering expenses are charged to expense as
incurred. Research, development and engineering expenses were net of
reimbursement of $1,592,000, $232,000 and $1,835,000 in fiscal 1996, 1995 and
1994, respectively.
Engineering expenses consist of personnel and material costs related to the
development of new products and the integration of existing products into
application-specific systems.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes." SFAS No. 109
requires the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the
financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets
or liabilities at the end of each period are determined using the tax rate
expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration
of credit risk are accounts receivable. The Company's customer base principally
comprises companies within the semiconductor industry, which historically has
been volatile. The Company does not require collateral from its customers.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company's financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash
equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable,
accrued expenses and debt instruments. The book values of cash and cash
equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and
accrued expenses are considered to be representative of their respective fair
values. None of the Company's debt instruments that are outstanding as of
October 31, 1996 have readily ascertainable market values; however, the carrying
values are considered to approximate their respective fair values. See Note 7
for the terms and carrying values of the Company's various debt instruments.
Net Income Per Share
Net income per common share was calculated by dividing net income by the
weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the respective period
adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, which consist of
stock options using the treasury stock method. Pursuant to the requirements of
the Securities and Exchange Commission, common stock issued by the Company
during the twelve months immediately preceding the initial public offering, plus
the number of common equivalent shares which became issuable during the same
period pursuant to the grant of common stock options, have been included in the
calculation of the shares used in computing net income per share as if they were
outstanding for all periods prior to the initial public offering (using the
treasury stock method and the initial public offering price of $10.00 per
share). Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission,
the calculation of shares
F-10
<PAGE>
used in computing net income per share also includes the redeemable common stock
for which the redemption provisions were terminated immediately prior to the
effective date of the initial public offering. Historical net income per share
for fiscal 1994 is not presented as such data is not meaningful due to the
accretion recorded for the redeemable common stock (see Note 9).
New Accounting Pronouncement
The Financial Accounting Standard Board has issued SFAS No. 123,
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." The Company is required to adopt this
standard for the fiscal year ending October 31, 1997. The Company has elected to
adopt the disclosure requirement of this pronouncement. The adoption of this
pronouncement will have no impact on the Company's financial position or results
of operations.
The Financial Accounting Standard Board has issued SFAS No. 121,
"Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to
Be Disposed Of," which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived
assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and
undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than
the assets carrying amount. SFAS No. 121 also addresses the accounting for long-
lived assets where disposal is expected. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 121 in
the first quarter of the year ending October 31, 1997 and does not expect the
adoption to have any impact on the Company's financial position or results of
operations.
3. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
October 31,
-----------------------------------
1996 1995
------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Billed ................. $ 10,558,000 $ 7,162,000
Unbilled ............... 4,532,000 1,724,000
------------- -------------
$ 15,090,000 $ 8,886,000
============= =============
</TABLE>
Unbilled receivables represent final retainage amounts to be billed upon
completion of the installation process.
No allowance for doubtful accounts receivable has been recorded because the
Company believes that all such accounts receivable are fully realizable.
4. INVENTORIES:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
October 31,
-----------------------------------
1996 1995
------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Raw material ....................... $ 4,267,000 $ 1,979,000
Work in progress ................... 3,780,000 1,721,000
------------- -------------
$ 8,047,000 $ 3,700,000
============= =============
</TABLE>
5. LINE OF CREDIT:
The Company has a $7,500,000 demand line of credit with a bank. The line of
credit agreement does not have a stated maturity or expiration date, however,
outstanding borrowings are due upon demand by the bank. The borrowing base
related to the line of credit is based upon a certain percentage of eligible
accounts receivable and customer signed purchase orders, as defined. Interest is
charged at the bank's prime rate and
F-11
<PAGE>
was 8.75% at October 31, 1996 and 1995. The line also provides for the issuance
of letters of credit. As of October 31, 1996 and 1995, the Company had no
borrowings on the line. Borrowings under the line are collateralized by
substantially all of the Company's assets. The line of credit requires the
Company to maintain certain financial and other covenants, including a minimum
tangible net worth and minimum cash flow to debt service coverage ratio.
6. ACCRUED EXPENSES:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
October 31,
-----------------------------
1996 1995
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Warranty and installation costs $1,069,000 $991,000
Payroll and payroll related 1,010,000 732,000
Accrued commissions 1,004,000 250,000
Other 1,064,000 400,000
---------- ----------
$4,147,000 $2,373,000
========== ==========
</TABLE>
7. LONG-TERM DEBT:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
October 31,
-----------------------------
1996 1995
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Mortgage note payable to bank, payable in monthly
installments of $6,250 plus interest at 8.9% through February
2009, collateralized by land and building. $925,000 $1,000,000
Mortgage note payable to Pennsylvania Industrial
Development Authority (PIDA), payable in monthly
installments of $4,363 including interest at 2% through
August 2009, collateralized by land and building. 592,000 632,000
Term note payable to bank, repaid in June 1996. - 1,200,000
Mortgage note payable to Chester County Development
Council, payable in monthly installments of $1,067 including
interest at 5% through August 2004, collateralized by land
and building. 82,000 91,000
Term notes payable to bank, payable in monthly installments
of $5,834 plus interest at the bank's prime rate plus 1%
through August 1999, collateralized by certain assets. 194,000 275,000
Capitalized lease obligations, lease periods expiring at various
dates through 2001, interest rates range from 7% to 12%,
collateralized by the leased assets. 1,221,000 381,000
---------- ----------
3,014,000 3,579,000
Less Current portion (489,000) (574,000)
---------- ----------
$2,525,000 $3,005,000
========== ==========
</TABLE>
F-12
<PAGE>
Maturities of long-term debt as of October 31, 1996 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Fiscal Year
-----------
<S> <C>
1997 $ 489,000
1998 482,000
1999 453,000
2000 356,000
2001 246,000
2002 and thereafter 988,000
----------
$3,014,000
==========
</TABLE>
In February 1994, the Company purchased land and a building to be used as
its manufacturing and office facilities. The cost of the land and building was
$2,558,000, including transaction costs and additional costs to renovate the
building to meet the Company's occupancy requirements. The property and
improvements are subject to the three mortgage notes. The mortgage note due to
PIDA contains certain financial covenants, the most restrictive of which
requires minimum levels of shareholders' equity. In addition, this note bears
interest at 2%, assuming the Company can create a specified number of jobs over
a three-year period. If the Company fails to meet the employment commitment, the
interest rate will increase to a market rate of up to 12.5%, as defined.
In fiscal 1995, the Company issued a new term note to a bank in order to
finance an expansion and improvements to the Company's facilities. This term
note was repaid using a portion of the proceeds from the initial public offering
in June 1996. In addition, in fiscal 1994, the Company issued several new term
notes to a bank in order to finance additional improvements and machinery and
equipment necessary for the Company's new facility.
The Company leases machinery and equipment and furniture and fixtures under
capital leases expiring in various years through 2001. The assets and
liabilities under these leases are recorded at the lower of the present value of
the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the asset. The assets are
depreciated over their estimated useful lives since ownership will transfer upon
lease expiration. The net book value of equipment under capitalized lease
obligations as of October 31, 1996 is $1,147,000. The minimum lease payments,
including interest, under the capital lease obligations as of October 31, 1996
are $392,000, $357,000, $316,000, $249,000 and $144,000 for fiscal 1997, 1998,
1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively.
8. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS:
In 1984 and 1985, the Company entered into research and development
agreements with two related party limited partnerships (the Partnerships), in
which the Company was the general partner. A significant number of the
individuals who were limited partners were also significant shareholders of the
Company. Due to this related party relationship, the cash that was paid by the
Partnerships to the Company was recorded as an obligation due to the
Partnerships and interest was accrued thereon. In April 1987 and September 1988,
the Company exercised its purchase options to acquire the Partnerships'
technologies, which resulted in an aggregate liability of $2,184,000. The
obligation due to the Partnerships increased by scheduled amounts which
aggregated $5,030,000 through October 31, 1994 and were recorded as interest
expense. In fiscal 1994, $728,000 of interest expense was recorded. The Company
made payments to the Partnerships of $1,612,000 on a cumulative basis through
October 31, 1994. As of October 31, 1994, deferred taxes of $2,353,000 were
recorded for differences in financial statement and income tax reporting with
respect to this obligation. On November 1, 1994, the Company exchanged 408,339
shares of its common stock for the assets of the Partnerships, which consisted
primarily of the Company's obligation to the Partnerships. The fair value of
F-13
<PAGE>
these common shares, approximated the obligation due to the Partnerships, net of
tax. Accordingly, no gain or loss was recognized as a result of this
transaction.
9. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
On June 21, 1996, the Company consummated an initial public offering of its
Common Stock. The Company sold 2,249,661 (including the underwriters over-
allotment) shares of its Common Stock, no par value, at an initial public
offering price of $10.00 per share. After deducting the underwriters' discount
and other offering expenses, the net proceeds to the Company were $19,976,000.
On December 19, 1995, the Company's Board of Directors adopted, and on
January 3, 1996, the Company's shareholders approved, an increase in the number
of authorized common shares from 2,000,000 to 10,000,000 and authorization of
1,000,000 shares of no par value preferred stock. In addition, on June 16, 1996,
the Company effected a 3.326-for-1 split of its common stock. All share and
stock option data have been restated to reflect the stock split.
Certain common shareholders had the right to require the Company to redeem
their stock during certain periods and at specified prices. Immediately prior to
the consummation of the initial public offering, these redemption rights
terminated and therefore, the related redemption amounts are included in common
stock and shareholders' equity for all periods presented. The Company recorded
the accretion to the redemption value of $200,000 and zero in fiscal 1994 and
1995, respectively. The accretion was charged to common stock as the Company had
an accumulated deficit at that time. These amounts are not presented separately
in the statements of shareholders' equity due to the termination of the
redemption rights and are included in common stock for all periods presented.
On December 19,1995, the Company's Board of Directors adopted, and on
January 3, 1996, the Company's shareholders approved the Employee Stock Purchase
Plan (Purchase Plan). The Purchase Plan allows eligible employees to purchase up
to 300,000 shares of common stock at the lower of 85% of the fair market value
of the stock on the first or last day of the applicable six month purchase
period. Eligible employees were able to participate in the Purchase Plan
beginning on October 1, 1996 through payroll withholding of up to $500 per pay
period. As of October 31, 1996, employee withholdings included in accrued
expenses were $10,000. No shares have been issued under the Purchase Plan as of
October 31, 1996.
10. STOCK OPTIONS:
The Company has a stock option plan (the 1992 Plan) whereby 409,163 options
to purchase common stock were issued to key management personnel, directors and
consultants at exercise prices not less than fair market value. The options have
vesting terms set by the executive compensation and stock option committee of
the Board of Directors and expire 10 years after the date of grant.
On December 19, 1995, the Company's Board of Directors adopted, and on
January 3, 1996, the Company's shareholders approved, the 1995 Incentive Plan
(Incentive Plan) and the Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan (Directors'
Plan). The Incentive Plan and the Directors' Plan authorized the granting of up
to 400,000 shares of common stock or options to Company employees and up to
150,000 options to purchase common stock to non-employee directors,
respectively. The Company will not grant any additional options under the 1992
Plan.
F-14
<PAGE>
The following table summarizes stock option activity:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Exercise Price
Shares Per Share
------------ --------------
<S> <C> <C>
Options outstanding at October 31, 1993 389,184 $0.24-$7.52
Granted 16,632 7.52
Exercised (6,653) 0.24
------------
Options outstanding at October 31, 1994 399,163 0.24-7.52
Granted 207,087 7.52
------------
Options outstanding at October 31, 1995 606,250 0.24-7.52
Granted 139,905 7.52-10.75
Canceled (832) 7.52
------------
Options outstanding at October 31, 1996 745,323 $0.24-$10.75
============
</TABLE>
As of October 31, 1996 , there were 463,020 options vested and
exercisable and 415,263 stock options were available for grant under the
Company's stock option plans.
11. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS:
The Company has a defined contribution retirement plan for the benefit of
eligible employees. Management believes that the plan qualifies under Section
401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan provides for matching
contributions by the Company at a discretionary percentage of eligible pretax
contributions by the employee. Matching contributions by the Company were
$107,000, $68,000 and $27,000 for the years ended October 31, 1996, 1995 and
1994, respectively.
In fiscal 1995, the Company established a profit-sharing plan for the
benefit of eligible employees. The plan provides for a target contribution of
approximately 2% of total planned salaries and wages, with actual payments based
upon certain annual performance results. The Company recorded profit sharing
expense of $150,000 and $65,000 for the years ended October 31, 1996 and 1995,
respectively.
12. OTHER RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:
The Company recorded commission expense in fiscal 1996, 1995 and 1994 of
$2,444,000, $282,000 and $430,000, respectively, which related to commissions
payable to a distributor who is also a stockholder of the Company. Commissions
payable to this distributor included in accrued expenses as of October 31, 1996
and 1995 were $959,000 and $28,000, respectively. The distributor is controlled
by an individual who is a director of the Company. See Note 8 for other related
party transactions.
F-15
<PAGE>
13. INCOME TAXES:
The components of the income tax provision are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended October 31
----------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current:
Federal $ 1,493,000 $ 937,000 $ 471,000
State 73,000 17,000 28,000
------------ ------------ ------------
1,566,000 954,000 499,000
------------ ------------ ------------
Deferred:
Federal (12,000) (244,000) (235,000)
State (29,000) (7,000) (26,000)
------------ ------------ ------------
(41,000) (251,000) (261,000)
------------ ------------ ------------
$ 1,525,000 $ 703,000 $ 238,000
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
Income tax expense differs from the amount currently payable because
certain expenses, primarily depreciation and accruals, are reported in different
periods for financial reporting and income tax purposes.
The federal statutory income tax rate is reconciled to the effective
income tax rate as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended October 31
---------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Federal statuary rate 34.0% 34.0% 34.0%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit 0.6 0.5 0.2
Research and development credit (0.2) (2.4) (3.6)
Other (0.4) 1.3 --
---------------------------------
34.0% 33.4% 30.6%
=================================
</TABLE>
The components of the net current and long-term deferred tax assets and
liabilities, measured under SFAS No. 109, are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
October 31,
------------------------------
1996 1995
------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets-
Inventories $ 103,000 $ 85,000
Warranty and installation accrual 342,000 347,000
Other 196,000 97,000
------------- -------------
641,000 529,000
Deferred tax liability-
Depreciation (146,000) (103,000)
------------- -------------
Net deferred tax asset $ 495,000 $ 426,000
============= =============
</TABLE>
F-16
<PAGE>
14. CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
The Company's operations are conducted in one business segment. Export
net sales were $27,789,000, $12,102,000 and $8,242,000 in fiscal 1996, 1995 and
1994, respectively. Export net sales to Europe and East Asia were $13,140,000
and $14,649,000 in fiscal 1996, $10,099,000 and $2,003,000 in fiscal 1995 and
$4,625,000 and $3,617,000 in fiscal 1994, respectively.
The following table summarizes significant customers with net sales in
excess of 10% of net sales:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended October 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
Customer 1996 1995 1994
-------- ------------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
A $ 12,828,000 $ * $ *
B 11,149,000 5,287,000 6,876,000
C 8,361,000 * 2,583,000
D 4,762,000 * *
E * 3,075,000 *
F * 4,041,000 *
G * 2,490,000 *
</TABLE>
------------------------------------
* Net sales less than 10% of net sales
15. SUPPLIER CONCENTRATION:
The Company relies to a substantial extent on outside vendors to
manufacture and supply many of the components and subassemblies used in the
Company's systems. Certain of these are obtained from a sole supplier or a
limited group of suppliers, many of which are small, independent companies.
Moreover, the Company believes that certain of these components and
subassemblies can only be obtained from its current suppliers. The Company's
reliance on outside vendors generally, and on sole suppliers in particular,
involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate
supply of required components and reduced control over pricing, timely delivery
and quality of components.
F-17
<PAGE>
16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:
In fiscal 1995, the Company entered into a non-cancelable lease effective
as of December 1, 1995 for office facilities. Future minimum rental payments,
including operating expense allocations, as of October 31, 1996 on this lease
are as follows:
Fiscal Year
- -----------
1997............................ $ 548,000
1998............................ 548,000
1999............................ 548,000
2000............................ 548,000
2001............................ 46,000
The Company has asserted certain of its patent rights against three
defendants. One of the defendants has counterclaimed against the Company,
seeking a declaratory judgment that the subject patent is invalid. Although
management believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have
a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations,
there can be no assurance in that regard.
On December 19, 1996, a lawsuit was filed by one of the Company's
competitors which seeks a declaratory judgment of patent non-infringement and
invalidity of one of the Company's patents. Although management believes that
the ultimate resolution of this matter will not have a material impact on the
Company's financial position or results of operations, there can be no assurance
in that regard.
In November 1995, counsel to two shareholders who acquired 31,614 shares
of Common Stock in connection with the November 1, 1994 transaction with the
Partnerships (see Note 8) sent letters to the Securities and Exchange Commission
and the Pennsylvania Securities Commission referencing such shareholders'
objection to that transaction and its valuation and allegations that the Company
breached certain duties and violated unspecified state and federal laws in
connection therewith. Specifically, counsel to these shareholders alleged that
the Company had no right to cause the exchange with the Partnerships and that
the exchange rate utilized in the transaction was too low. The Company believes
that such shareholders' objections and allegations are without merit and that
any resolution of such matter will not have a material adverse effect on the
Company.
F-18
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
CFM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
By: /s/ Roger C. Carolin
----------------------------------------
Roger A. Carolin
President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, this report
has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the
capacities and on the date indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ Christopher F. McConnell Chairman of the Board of January 27, 1997
- ------------------------------------- Directors
Christopher F. McConnell
/s/ Roger A. Carolin President, Chief Executive January 27, 1997
- ------------------------------------- Officer and Director
Roger A. Carolin (Principal Executive
Officer)
/s/ Lorin J. Randall Vice President, Chief January 27, 1997
- ------------------------------------- Financial Officer,
Lorin J. Randall Treasurer and Secretary
(Principal Financial
Officer and Principal
Accounting Officer)
/s/ James Kim Director January 27, 1997
- -------------------------------------
James Kim
/s/ Brad Mattson Director January 27, 1997
- -------------------------------------
Brad Mattson
/s/ Burton E. McGillivray Director January 27, 1997
- -------------------------------------
Burton E. McGillivray
/s/ Milton S. Stearns, JR. Director January 27, 1997
- -------------------------------------
Milton S. Stearns, Jr.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number Description
- -------------- -----------
3.1 Articles of Incorporation of CFM Technologies, Inc., as
amended.*
3.2 By-Laws of CFM Technologies, Inc.*
4 Form of Common Stock Certificate.*
10.1 Employment Agreement dated as of January 9, 1995 by and between
CFM Technologies, Inc. and Lorin Jeffrey Randall.*
10.2 Stock Option Agreement dated March 18, 1991 between CFM
Technologies, Inc. and Burton McGillivray, as extended and
amended on June 11. 1993 and as amended on September 25, 1994.*
10.3 Stock Option Agreement dated as of December 9, 1994 by and
between CFM Technologies, Inc. and Milton Stearns, as amended on
November 3, 1995.*
10.4 CFM Technologies, Inc. Annual Profit Sharing Plan.*
10.4.1 Amendment to CFM Technologies, Inc. Annual Profit Sharing
Plan.***
10.5 CFM Technologies. Inc. 1992 Employee Stock Option Plan.*
10.6 CFM Technologies, Inc. 1995 Incentive Plan.*
10.7 CFM Technologies, Inc. Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option
Plan.*
10.8 CFM Technologies, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan.*
10.9 Distributor Agreement dated November 28, 1991 by and between
ANAM Semiconductor Design Co., Ltd and CFM Technologies,
Incorporated. and supplement to the Distributor Agreement dated
August 26, 1994.*
10.10 Distributor Agreement dated March 3, 1992 by and between
Innotech Corporation and CFM Technologies, Inc., as modified on
June 15, 1994.*
10.11 Lease Agreement dated October 10, 1995 by and between Hough/Loew
Construction, Inc. and CFM Technologies, Inc. and Addendum to
Lease Agreement dated October 10, 1995.*
10.11.1 Amendment Number Two to Lease Agreement dated April 30, 1996 by
and between CFM Technologies, Inc. and Hugh/Loew Construction,
Inc.***
10.11.2 Commercial Lease Agreement dated December 16, 1996 between CFM
Technologies, Inc. and Devereux Properties, Inc.***
10.12 Loan Agreement dated July 27, 1994 by and between Chester County
Development Council ("CCDC") and CFM Technologies, Inc.*
10.13 $100,000 Mortgage dated as of July 27, 1994, from CFM
Technologies, Inc. to CCDC.*
10.14 Removed**
<PAGE>
10.15 Guaranties dated October 13, 1995 executed by CFMT. Inc. and CFM
International Corp. in favor of CoreStates.*
10.16 Removed**
10.17 Mortgage dated February 16, 1994 between CFM Technologies, Inc.
and CoreStates.*
10.18 $150,000 Commercial Promissory Note dated September 28, 1994
from CFM Technologies, Inc. to CoreStates.
10.19 $100,000 Commercial Promissory Note dated August 11, 1994 from
CFM Technologies, Inc. to CoreStates.
10.19.1 $100,000 Commercial Promissory Note dated February 16, 1994 from
CFM Technologies, Inc. to CoreStates.
10.20 Assignment of Leases, Rents, Agreements of Sale, Licenses and
Permits dated February 16, 1994 by CFM Technologies, Inc. to
CoreStates.*
10.21 Agent Agreement dated December 16, 1996 between the CFM
Technologies, Inc. and Ampoc Far East Company Limited.***
10.22 Letter agreement dated March 25, 1996 between CoreStateS and CFM
Technologies, Inc. and $7,500,000 Master Demand Note dated
April 1, 1996 from CFM Technologies, Inc. to CoreStates Bank.*
11 Statement re computation of per share earnings.***
21 Subsidiaries of the registrant.*
23.1 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP.
27 Financial Data Schedule.***
- ------------
* Incorporated by reference to the registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (Registration No. 33-80359), declared effective on June 18,
1996.
** Removed as a result of being paid in full from the proceeds of the
Company's June 18, 1996 offering.
*** Incorporated by reference to the registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-20325), filed on January 24, 1996, and
the registrants Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. pending), filed on January 27, 1996.
<PAGE>
For Bank Use Only 10.18
- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ -----------------
/s/ Dan Alstolfi
- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ -----------------
LIS NO. LOAN NO. BORROWER APPROVAL
SIGNATURE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMERCIAL PROMISSORY NOTE [LOGO OF CORESTATES
APPEARS HERE]
$ 150,000.00 September 28, 1994
------------------------- ---------------------
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, each of the undersigned, jointly and severally if
more than one (hereinafter collectively referred to as "Borrower"), promises
to pay to the order of CORESTATES BANK, N.A.*, a national banking association
(the "Bank"), at any of its banking offices in Pennsylvania, the principal
amount of One Hundred Fifty Thousands and --------00/100 DOLLARS, in lawful
----------------------------------------------
money of the United States, plus interest, to be paid as follows:
Said principal shall be payable in 60 consecutive equal monthly installments,
each in the amount of $2,500.00, payable on the first day of each month
beginning on November 1, 1994, plus interest on each said date fixed for
payments in reduction of principal. Interest shall accrue at a per annum rate
equal to 1% in excess of the Prime Rate. The amount of the final payment will
be that amount which is necessary to pay in full all of the outstanding
principal plus accrued and unpaid interest on this Note on the date thereof.
ADDITIONAL TERMS OF THIS NOTE - Each of the following provisions shall apply to
this Note, to any extension or modification hereof and to the indebtedness
evidenced hereby, except as otherwise expressly stated above or in a separate
writing signed by Bank and Borrower.
INTEREST - Interest shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and shall
be charged for the actual number of days elapsed. Accrued interest shall be
payable monthly. Accrued interest shall also be payable when the entire
principal balance of this Note becomes due and payable (whether by demand,
stated maturity or acceleration) or, if earlier, when such principal balance is
actually paid to Bank. If the rate at which interest accrues is based on the
"Prime Rate", that term is defined as the rate of interest for loans established
by Bank from time to time as its prime rate. Said per annum rate of interest
shall change each time Bank's prime rate shall change, effective on and as of
the date of the change. Interest shall accrue on each disbursement hereunder
from the date such disbursement is made by Bank, provided, however, that to the
extent this Note represents a replacement, substitution, renewal or refinancing
of existing indebtedness, interest shall accrue from the date hereof. Interest
shall accrue on the unpaid balance hereof at the rate provided for in this Note
until the entire balance has been paid in full, notwithstanding the entry of any
judgement against Borrower.
PREPAYMENT - If this Note bears interest at a floating or variable rate and no
floor or minimum rate is specified, Borrower may repay all or any portion of the
principal balance of this Note at any time, without premium or penalty. If not
permitted under the preceding sentence, any prepayment of principal (including
any principal repayment as a result of acceleration by Bank of this Note) shall
require immediate payment to Bank of a prepayment fee equal to the amount, if
any, by which the aggregate present value of schedule principal and interest
payments eliminated by the prepayment exceeds the principal amount being
prepaid. Said present value shall be calculated by application of a discount
rate determined by Bank in its reasonable judgement to be the yield-to-maturity
at the time of prepayment on U.S. Treasury securities having a maturity which
most closely approximates the final maturity date of the principal balance then
outstanding. Whether or not a prepayment fee is required hereunder, prepayments
shall be applied to scheduled installments of principal in the inverse order of
their maturity, shall be accompanied by payment of accrued interest on the
principal amount being prepaid and, unless this Note has been accelerated by
Bank, shall not be permitted in an amount less than the scheduled principal
installment immediately prior to final maturity of the outstanding principal
balance.
COLLATERAL - As security for all indebtedness to Bank now or hereafter incurred
by Borrower, under this Note or otherwise, Borrower grants Bank a lien upon and
security interest in any securities, instruments or other personal property of
Borrower now or hereafter in Bank's possession and in any deposit balances now
or hereafter held by Bank for Borrower's account, and in all proceeds of any
such personal property or deposit balances. Such liens and security interest
shall be independent of Bank's right of setoff. This Note and the indebtedness
evidenced hereby shall be additionally secured by any lien or security interest
evidenced by a writing (whether now existing or hereafter executed) which
contains a provision to the effect that such lien or security interest is
intended to secure (a) this Note or the indebtedness evidenced hereby or (b) any
category of liabilities, obligations or indebtedness of Borrower to Bank which
includes this Note or the indebtedness evidenced hereby, and all property
subject to any such lien or security interest shall be collateral for this Note.
EVENTS OF DEFAULT - Each of the following shall be an Event of Default
hereunder: (a) the nonpayment when due of any amount payable under this Note or
under any obligation or indebtedness to Bank of Borrower or any person liable,
either absolutely or contingently, for payment of any indebtedness evidenced
hereby, including endorsers, guarantors and sureties (each such person is
referred to as an "Obligor"); (b) if Borrower or any Obligor has failed to
observe or perform any other existing or future agreement with Bank of any
nature whatsoever; (c) if any representation, warranty, certificate, financial
statement or other information made or given by Borrower or any Obligor to Bank
is materially incorrect or misleading; (d) if Borrower or any Obligor shall
become insolvent or make an assignment for the benefit of creditors or if any
petition shall be filed by or against Borrower or any Obligor under any
bankruptcy or insolvency law; (e) the entry of any judgement against Borrower or
any Obligor which remains unsatisfied for 15 days or the issuance of any
attachment, tax lien, levy or garnishment against any property of material value
in which Borrower or any Obligor has an interest; (f) if any attachment, levy,
garnishment or similar legal process is served upon Bank as a result of any
claim against Borrower or any Obligor or against any property of Borrower or any
Obligor; (g) the dissolution, merger, consolidation, or the sale or change in
control (as control is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934) of any Borrower which is a corporation or partnership, or transfer of
any substantial portion of any of Borrower's assets, or if any agreement for
such dissolution, merger, consolidation, change in control, sale or transfer is
entered into by Borrower, without the written consent of Bank; (h) the death of
any Borrower or Obligor who is a natural person; (i) if Bank determines
reasonably and in good faith that an event has occurred or a condition exists
which has had, or is likely to have, a material adverse effect on the financial
condition or creditworthiness of Borrower or any Obligor, or on the ability of
Borrower or any Obligor to perform its obligation evidenced by this Note; (j) if
Borrower shall fail to remit promptly when due to the appropriate government
agency or authorized depository, any amount collected or withheld from any
employee of Borrower for payroll taxes, Social Security payments or similar
payroll deductions; (k) if any Obligor shall attempt to terminate or disclaim
such Obligor's liability for the indebtedness evidenced by this Note; (l) if
Bank shall reasonably and in good faith determine and notify Borrower that any
collateral for this Note or for the indebtedness evidenced hereby is
insufficient as to quality or quantity; (m) if Borrower shall fail to pay when
due any material indebtedness for borrowed money other than to Bank; or (n) if
Borrower shall be notified of the failure of Borrower or any Obligor to provide
such financial and other information promptly when reasonably requested by Bank.
If this Note is payable on demand, Bank's right to demand payment hereof shall
not be restricted or impaired by the absence, non-occurrence or waiver of an
Event of Default, and it is understood that if this Note is payable on demand,
Bank may demand payment at any time.
BANK'S REMEDIES - Upon the occurrence of one or more Events of Default
(including, if this Note is payable on demand, any Event of Default resulting
from Borrower's failure to make any payment hereunder when demanded), unless
Bank elects otherwise, the entire unpaid balance of this Note and all accrued
interest shall be immediately due and payable without notice to Borrower or any
Obligor, and Bank may, immediately or at any time thereafter, exercise any or
all of its rights and remedies hereunder or under any agreement or otherwise
under applicable law against Borrower, any Obligor and any collateral. Bank may
exercise it rights and remedies in any order and may, at its option, delay in or
refrain from exercising some or all of its rights and remedies without prejudice
thereto. Upon the occurrence of any such Event of Default or at any time
thereafter, Bank may, at its option, and upon five days' written notice to
Borrower, begin accruing interest on this Note, at a rate not to exceed five
percent (5%) per annum in excess of the greater of (a) the rate of interest
provided for above, or (b) the Prime Rate in effect from time to time on the
unpaid principal balance hereof:
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* CoreStates Bank, N.A. also conducts business as Philadelphia National Bank, as
CoreStates First Pennsylvania Bank and as CoreStates Hamilton Bank.
<PAGE>
provided, however, that no interest shall accrue hereunder in excess of the
maximum rate permitted by law. All such additional interest shall be payable on
demand.
CONFESSION OF JUDGEMENT - Borrower irrevocably authorizes and empowers any
attorney or any clerk of any court of record, to appear for and confess
judgement against Borrower for such sums as are due and owing on this Note, with
or without declaration, with costs of suit, without stay of execution and with
an amount not to exceed the greater of fifteen percent (15%) of the principal
amount of such judgement or $5,000 added for collection fees. If a copy of this
Note, verified by affidavit by or on behalf of Bank, shall have been filed in
such action, it shall not be necessary to file the original of this Note. The
authority granted hereby shall not be exhausted by the initial exercise thereof
and may be exercised by Bank from time to time. There shall be excluded from the
lien of any judgement obtained solely pursuant to the paragraph all improved
real estate in any area identified as having special flood hazards under
regulations promulgated under the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, if the
community in which such area is located is participating in the National Flood
Insurance Program. Any such exclusion shall not affect any lien upon property
not so excluded.
NOTICE TO BORROWER - Any notice required to be given by Bank under the
provisions of this Note shall be effective as to each Borrower and each Obligor
when addressed to Borrower and deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, for
delivery by first class mail at Borrower's mailing address as it appears on
Bank's records.
DISBURSEMENT AND PAYMENTS - The proceeds of this Note, or any portion thereof,
may be credited by Bank to the deposit account of Borrower, or disbursed in any
other manner requested by Borrower and approved by Bank. If Borrower so
requests, Bank may, at its option, disburse the proceeds of this Note in more
than one disbursement on the same or different dates, but except as otherwise
agreed by Bank in writing, no action taken by Bank in response to any such
request shall be deemed to create or shall imply the existence of any commitment
or obligation to pay or credit the undisbursed portion of this Note. All
payments due under this Note are to be made in immediately available funds. If
Bank accepts payment in any other form, such payment shall not be deemed to have
been made until the funds comprising such payment have actually been received by
or made available to Bank. If Borrower is not an individual, Borrower authorizes
Bank (but Bank shall have no obligation) to charge any deposit account in
Borrower's name for any and all payments of principal, interest, or any other
amounts due under this Note.
PAYMENT OF COSTS - In addition to the principal and interest payable hereunder,
Borrower agrees to pay Bank, on demand, all costs and expenses (including
reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements) which may be incurred by Bank in
the collection of this Note or the enforcement of Bank's rights and remedies
hereunder.
REPRESENTATIONS BY BORROWER - If Borrower is a corporation or a general or
limited partnership, Borrower represents and warrants that it is validly
existing and in good standing in the jurisdiction under whose laws it was
organized. If Borrower is a corporation, Borrower represents and warrants that
the execution, delivery and performance of this Note are within Borrower's
corporate powers, have been duly authorized by all necessary action by
Borrower's Board of Directors, and are not in contravention of the terms of
Borrower's charter, by-laws, or any resolution of its Board of Directors. If
Borrower is a general or limited partnership, Borrower represents and warrants
that the execution, delivery and performance of this Note have been duly
authorized and are not in conflict with any provision of Borrower's partnership
agreement or certificate of limited partnership. Borrower further represents and
warrants that this Note has been validly executed and is enforceable in
accordance with its terms, that the execution, delivery and performance by
Borrower of this Note are not in contravention of law and do not conflict with
any indenture, agreement or undertaking to which Borrower is a party or is
otherwise bound, and that no consent or approval of any governmental authority
or any third party is required in connection with the execution, delivery and
performance of this Note.
WAIVERS, ETC. - Borrower and each Obligor waive presentment, dishonor, notice of
dishonor, protest and notice of protest. Neither the failure nor any delay on
the part of Bank to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder
shall operate as a waiver or modification thereof. No consent, waiver or
modification of the terms of this Note shall be effective unless set forth in a
writing signed by Bank. All rights and remedies of Bank are cumulative and
concurrent and no single or partial exercise of any power or privilege shall
preclude any other or further exercise of any right, power or privilege.
MISCELLANEOUS - This Note is the unconditional obligation of Borrower, and
Borrower agrees that Bank shall not be required to exercise any of its rights or
remedies against any collateral in which it holds a lien or security interest or
against which it has a right of setoff or against any particular Obligor. All
representations, warranties and agreements herein are made jointly and severally
by each Borrower. If any provision of this Note shall be held invalid or
unenforceable, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other
provision hereof. To the extent that this Note represents a replacement,
substitution, renewal or refinancing of a pre-existing note or other evidence of
indebtedness, the indebtedness represented by such preexisting note or other
instrument shall not be deemed to have been extinguished hereby. In the event
that any due date specified or otherwise provided for in this Note shall fall on
a day on which Bank is not open for business, such due date shall be postponed
until the next banking day, and interest and any fees or similar charges shall
continue to accrue during such period of postponement. This Note has been
delivered in and shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws
of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania without regard to the law of conflicts. This
Note shall be binding upon each Borrower and each Obligor and upon their
personal representatives, heirs, successors and assigns, and shall benefit Bank
and its successors and assigns.
CONSENT TO JURISDICTION AND VENUE -- IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING INVOLVING,
DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ANY MATTER ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS NOTE OR
THE RELATIONSHIP EVIDENCED HEREBY, EACH UNDERSIGNED PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY
SUBMITS TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF ANY STATE OR FEDERAL COURT LOCATED
IN ANY COUNTY IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA WHERE BANK MAINTAINS AN
OFFICE AND AGREES NOT TO RAISE ANY OBJECTION TO SUCH JURISDICTION OR TO THE
LAYING OR MAINTAINING OF THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH PROCEEDING IN SUCH COUNTY. EACH
UNDERSIGNED PARTY AGREES THAT SERVICE OF PROCESS IN ANY SUCH PROCEEDING MAY BE
DULY EFFECTED UPON IT BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF, BY REGISTERED MAIL, POSTAGE
PREPAID, TO EACH UNDERSIGNED PARTY.
WAIVERS OF JURY TRIAL -- EACH UNDERSIGNED PARTY HEREBY WAIVES, AND BANK BY ITS
ACCEPTANCE HEREOF THEREBY WAIVES, TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING
INVOLVING, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ANY MATTER (WHETHER SOUNDING IN TORT,
CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE) IN ANY WAY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS NOTE OR THE
RELATIONSHIP EVIDENCE HEREBY. THIS PROVISION IS A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT FOR BANK
TO ENTER INTO, ACCEPT OR RELY UPON THIS NOTE.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Borrower intending this to be a sealed instrument and
intending to be legally bound hereby, has executed and delivered this Note as of
the day and year first above written.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of Corporation
or Partnership CFM Technologies, Inc.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By: By: /s/ Christopher F. McConnell
- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
(Signature of Authorized Signer) (Signature of Authorized Signer)
/s/ CFM Christopher F. McConnell, Chairman
- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
(Print or Type Name and Title (Print or Type Name and Title
of Signer Above) of Signer Above)
INDIVIDUALS SIGN BELOW
- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------(Seal)
(Signature of Witness) (Signature of Individual
Borrower)
- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------
(Print or Type Name of Above (Print of Type Name of
Witness) Borrower Signing Above)
- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------(Seal)
(Signature of Witness) (Signature of Individual
Borrower)
- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------
(Print or Type Name of Above (Print of Type Name of
Witness) Borrower Signing Above)
<PAGE>
For Bank Use Only
- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------
/s/ Kristin Jordan
- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------
LIS NO. LOAN NO. BORROWER APPROVAL SIGNATURE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMERICAL PROMISSORY NOTE
[LOGO OF CORESTATES
APPEARS HERE]
$ 100,000.00 August 11, 1994
----------------------------- ---------------
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, each of the undersigned, jointly and severally if
more than one (hereinafter collectively referred to as "Borrower"), promises to
pay to the order of CORESTATES BANK, N.A.*, a national banking association (the
"Bank"), at any of its banking offices in Pennsylvania, the principal amount
of One Hundred Thousand and ------------------00/100 DOLLARS, in lawful money
-------------------------------------------------
of the United States, plus interest, to be paid as follows:
Said principal shall be payable in 59 consecutive equal monthly installments,
each in the amount of $1,666.67, payable on the first day of each month
beginning on September 1, 1994, and a final installment of $1,666.47 on
August 1, 1999 plus interest on each said date fixed for payments of principal.
Interest shall accrue at a per annum rate equal to 1% in excess of the Prime
Rate. The amount of the final payment will be that amount which is necessary to
pay in full all of the outstanding principal plus accrued and unpaid interest on
this Note on the date thereof.
ADDITIONAL TERMS OF THIS NOTE. Each of the following provisions shall apply to
this Note, to any extension or modification hereof and to the indebtedness
evidenced hereby, except as otherwise expressly stated above or in a separate
writing signed by Bank and Borrower.
INTEREST - Interest shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and shall
be charged for the actual number of days elapsed. Accrued interest shall be
payable monthly. Accrued interest shall also be payable when the entire
principal balance of this Notes becomes due and payable (whether by demand,
stated maturity or acceleration) or, if earlier, when such principal balance is
actually paid to Bank. If the rate at which interest accrues is based on the
"Prime Rate", that term is defined as the rate of interest for loans established
by Bank from time to time as its prime rate. Said per annum rate of interest
shall change at any time Bank's prime rate shall change, effective on and as of
the date of the change. Interest shall accrue on each disbursement hereunder
from the date such disbursement is made by Bank, provided, however, that to the
extent this Note represents a replacement, substitution, renewal or
refinancing of existing indebtedness, interest shall accrue from the date
hereof. Interest shall accrue on the unpaid balance hereof at the rate provided
for in this Note until the entire unpaid balance has been paid in full,
notwithstanding the entry of any judgment against Borrower.
PREPAYMENT - If this Note bears interest at a floating or variable rate and no
floor or minimum rate is specified, Borrower may prepay all or any portion of
the principal balance of this Note at any time, without premium or penalty. If
not permitted under the preceding sentence, any prepayment of principal
(including any principal repayments as a result of acceleration by Bank of this
Note) shall require immediate payment to Bank of a prepayment fee equal to the
amount, if any, by which the aggregate present value of scheduled principal and
interest payments eliminated by the prepayment exceeds the principal amount
being prepaid. Said present value shall be calculated by application of a
discount rate determined by Bank in its reasonable judgment to be the
yield-to-maturity at the time of prepayment on U.S. Treasury securities having a
maturity which most closely approximates the final maturity date of the
principal balance then outstanding. Whether or not a prepayment fee is required
hereunder, prepayments shall be applied to scheduled installments of principal
in the inverse order of their maturity, shall be accompanied by payment of
accrued interest on the principal amount being prepaid and, unless this Note has
been accelerated by Bank, shall not be permitted in an amount less than the
scheduled principal installment immediately prior to final maturity of the
outstanding principal balance.
COLLATERAL - As security for all indebtedness to Bank now or hereafter incurred
by Borrower, under this Note or otherwise, Borrower grants Bank a lien upon and
security interest in any securities, instruments or other personal property of
Borrower now or hereafter in Bank's possession and in any deposit balances now
or hereafter held by Bank for Borrower's account, and in all proceeds of any
such personal property or deposit balances. Such liens and security interest
shall be independent of Bank's right of setoff. This Note and the indebtedness
evidenced hereby shall be additionally secured by any lien or security interest
evidenced by a writing (whether now existing or hereafter executed) which
contains a provision to the effect that such lien or security interest is
intended to secure (a) this Note or the indebtedness evidenced hereby or (b) any
category of liabilities, obligations or indebtedness of Borrower to Bank which
includes this Note or the indebtedness evidenced hereby, and all property
subject to any such lien or security interest shall be collateral for this Note.
EVENTS OF DEFAULT - Each of the following shall be an Event of Default
hereafter, (a) the nonpayment when due of any amount payable under this Note or
under any obligation or indebtedness to Bank of Borrower or any person liable,
either absolutely or contingently, for payment of any indebtedness evidenced
hereby, including endorsers, guarantors and sureties (each such person is
referred to as an "Obligor"); (b) if Borrower or any Obligor has failed to
observe or perform any other existing or future agreement with Bank of any
nature whatsoever; (c) if any representation, warranty, certificate, financial
statement or other information made or given by Borrower or any Obligor to Bank
is materially incorrect or misleading; (d) if Borrower or any Obligor shall
become insolvent or make an assignment for the benefit of creditors or if any
petition shall be filed by or against Borrower or any Obligor under any
bankruptcy or insolvency law; (e) the entry of any judgment against Borrower or
any Obligor which remains unsatisfied for 15 days or the issuance of any
attachment, tax lien, levy or garnishment against any property of material value
in which Borrower or any Obligor has an interest; (f) if any attachment, levy,
garnishment or similar legal process is served upon Bank as a result of any
claim against Borrower or any Obligor or against any property of Borrower or any
Obligor; (g) the dissolution, merger, consolidation, or the sale or change in
control (as control is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934) of any Borrower which is a corporation or partnership, or transfer of
any substantial portion of any of Borrower's assets, or if any agreement for
such dissolution, merger, consolidation, change in control, sale or transfer is
entered into by Borrower, without the written consent of Bank; (h) the death of
any Borrower or Obligor who is a natural person; (i) if Bank determines
reasonably and in good faith that an event occurred or a condition exists which
has had, or is likely to have, a material adverse effect on the financial
condition or creditworthiness of Borrower or any Obligor, or on the ability of
Borrower or any Obligor to perform its obligation evidenced by this Note; (j) if
Borrower shall fail to remit promptly when due to the appropriate government
agency or authorized depository, any amount collected or withheld from any
employee of Borrower for payroll taxes, Social Security payments or similar
payroll deductions; (k) if any Obligor shall attempt to terminate or disclaim
such Obligor's liability for the indebtedness evidenced by this Note; (l) if
bank shall reasonably and in good faith determine and notify Borrower that any
collateral for this Note or for the indebtedness evidenced hereby is
insufficient as to quality or quantity; (m) if Borrower shall fail to pay when
due any material indebtedness for borrowed money other than to Bank; or (n) if
Borrower shall be notified of the failure of Borrower or any Obligor to provide
such financial and other information promptly when reasonably requested by Bank.
If this Note is payable on demand, Bank's right to demand payment hereof shall
not be restricted or impaired by the absence, non-occurrence or waiver of an
Event of Default, and it is understood that if this Note is payable on demand,
Bank may demand payment at any time.
BANK'S REMEDIES - Upon the occurrence of one or more Events of Default
(including, if this Note is payable on demand, any Event of Default resulting
from Borrower's failure to make any payment hereunder when demanded), unless
Bank elects otherwise, the entire unpaid balance of this Note and all accrued
interest shall be immediately due and payable without notice to Borrower or any
Obligor, and Bank may, immediately or at any time thereafter, exercise any or
all of its rights and remedies hereunder or under any agreement or otherwise
under applicable law against Borrower, any Obligor and any collateral. Bank may
exercise its rights and remedies in any order and may, at its option, delay in
or refrain from exercising some or all of its rights and remedies without
prejudice thereto. Upon the occurrence of any such Event of Default or at any
time thereafter, Bank may, at its option, and upon five days' written notice to
Borrower, begin accruing interest on this Note, at a rate not to exceed five
percent (5%) per annum in excess of the greater of (a) the rate of interest
provided for above, or (b) the Prime Rate in effect from time to time on the
unpaid principal balance hereof;
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*CoreStates Bank, N.A. also conducts business as Philadelphia National Bank, as
CoreStates First Pennsylvania Bank and as CoreStates Hamilton Bank.
<PAGE>
provided, however, that no interest shall accrue hereunder in excess of the
maximum rate permitted by law. All such additional interest shall be payable on
demand.
CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT - Borrower irrevocably authorizes and empowers any
attorney or any clerk of any court of record, to appear for and confess judgment
against Borrower for such sums as are due and owing on this Note, with or
without declaration, with costs of suit, without stay of execution and with an
amount not to exceed the greater of fifteen percent (15%) of the principal
amount of such judgment or $5,000 added for collection fees. If a copy of this
Note, verified by affidavit by or on behalf of Bank, shall have been filed in
such action, it shall not be necessary to file the original of this Note. The
authority granted hereby shall not be exhausted by the initial exercise thereof
and may be exercised by Bank from time to time. There shall be excluded from the
lien of any judgment obtained solely pursuant to this paragraph all improved
real estate in any area identified as having special flood hazards under
regulations promulgated under the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, if the
community in which such area is located is participating in the National Flood
Insurance Program. Any such exclusion shall not affect any lien upon property
not so excluded.
NOTICE TO BORROWER - Any notice required to be given by Bank under the
provisions of this Note shall be effective as to each Borrower and each Obligor
when addressed to Borrower and deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, for
delivery by first class mail at Borrower's mailing address as it appears on
Bank's records.
DISBURSEMENT AND PAYMENTS - The proceeds of this Note, or any portion thereof,
may be credited by Bank to the deposit account of Borrower, or disbursed in any
other manner requested by Borrower and approved by Bank. If Borrower so
requests, Bank may, at its option, disburse the proceeds of this Note in more
than one disbursement on the same or different dates, but except as otherwise
agreed by Bank in writing, no action taken by Bank in response to any such
request shall be deemed to create or shall imply the existence of any commitment
or obligation to pay or credit the undisbursed portion of this Note. All
payments due under this Note are to be made in immediately available funds. If
Bank accepts payment in any other form, such payment shall not be deemed to have
been made until the funds comprising such payment have actually been received by
or made available to Bank. If Borrower is not an individual, Borrower
authorizes Bank (but Bank shall have no obligation) to charge any deposit
account in Borrower's name for any and all payments of principal, interest, or
any other amounts due under this Note.
PAYMENT OF COSTS - In addition to the principal and interest payable hereunder,
Borrower agrees to pay Bank, on demand, all costs and expenses (including
reasonable attorney's fees and disbursements) which may be incurred by Bank in
the collection of this Note or the enforcement of Bank's rights and remedies
hereunder.
REPRESENTATIONS BY BORROWER - If Borrower is a corporation or a general or
limited partnership, Borrower represents and warrants that it is validly
existing and in good standing in the jurisdiction under whose laws it was
organized. If Borrower is a corporation, Borrower represents and warrants that
the execution, delivery and performance of this Note are within Borrower's
corporate powers, have been duly authorized by all necessary action by
Borrower's Board of Directors, and are not in contravention of the terms of
Borrower's charter, by-laws, or any resolution of its Board of Directors. If
Borrower is a general or limited partnership, Borrower represents and warrants
that the execution, delivery and performance of this Note have been duly
authorized and are not in conflict with any provision of Borrower's partnership
agreement or certificate of limited partnership. Borrower further represents
and warrants that this Note has been validly executed and is enforceable in
accordance with its terms, that the execution, delivery and performance by
Borrower of this Note are not in contravention of law and do not conflict with
any indenture, agreement or undertaking to which Borrower is a party or is
otherwise bound, and that no consent or approval of any government authority or
any third party is required in connection with the execution, delivery and
performance of this Note.
WAIVERS, ETC - Borrower and each Obligor waive presentment, dishonor, notice of
dishonor, protest and notice of protest. Neither the failure nor any delay on
the part of Bank to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder
shall operate as a waiver or modification thereof. No consent, waiver or
modification of the terms of this Note shall be effective unless set forth in a
writing signed by Bank. All rights and remedies of Bank are cumulative and
concurrent and no single or partial exercise of any power or privilege shall
preclude any other or further exercise of any right, power or privilege.
MISCELLANEOUS - This Note is the unconditional obligation of Borrower, and
Borrower agrees that Bank shall not be required to exercise any of its rights or
remedies against any collateral in which it holds a lien or security interest or
against which it has a right of setoff or against any particular Obligator. All
representations, warranties and agreements herein are made jointly and severally
by each Borrower. If any provision of this Note shall be held invalid or
unenforceable, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other
provision hereof. To the extent that this Note represents a replacement,
substitution, renewal or refinancing of a pre-existing note or other evidence of
indebtedness, the indebtedness represented by such preexisting note or other
instrument shall not be deemed to have been extinguished hereby. In the event
that any due date specified or otherwise provided for in this Note shall fall on
a day on which Bank is not open for business, such due date shall be postponed
until the next business day, and interest and any fees or similar charges shall
continue to accrue during such period of postponement. This Note has been
delivered in and shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws
of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania without regard to the law of conflicts. This
Note shall be binding upon each Borrower and each Obligator and upon their
personal representatives, heirs, successors and assigns, and shall benefit Bank
and its successors and assigns.
CONSENT TO JURISDICTION AND VENUE - IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING INVOLVING, DIRECTLY
OR INDIRECTLY, ANY MATTER ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS NOTE OR THE
RELATIONSHIP EVIDENCED HEREBY, EACH UNDERSIGNED PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS
TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF ANY STATE OR FEDERAL COURT LOCATED IN ANY
COUNTY IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA WHERE BANK MAINTAINS AN OFFICE AND
AGREES NOT TO RAISE ANY OBJECTION TO SUCH JURISDICTION OR TO THE LAYING OR
MAINTAINING OF THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH PROCEEDING IN SUCH COUNTY. EACH
UNDERSIGNED PARTY AGREES THAT SERVICE OF PROCESS IN ANY SUCH PROCEEDING MAY BE
DULY EFFECTED UPON IT BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF, BY REGISTERED MAIL, POSTAGE
PREPAID, TO EACH UNDERSIGNED PARTY.
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL - EACH UNDERSIGNED PARTY HEREBY WAIVES, AND BANK BY ITS
ACCEPTANCE HEREOF THEREBY WAIVERS, TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING
INVOLVING, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ANY MATTER (WHETHER SOUNDING IN TORT,
CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE) IN ANY WAY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS NOTE OR THE
RELATIONSHIP EVIDENCED HEREBY. THIS PROVISION IS A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT FOR BANK
TO ENTER INTO, ACCEPT OR RELY UPON THIS NOTE.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Borrower intending this to be a sealed instrument and
intending to be legally bound hereby, has executed and delivered this Note as of
the day and year first above written.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of Corporation
or Partnership CFM Technologies, Inc.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By: /s/ Roger A. Carolin, President By:
- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
(Signature of Authorized Signer) (Signature of Authorized Signer)
Roger A. Carolin, President
- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
(Print or Type Name and Title of (Print or Type Name and Title of
Signer Above) Signer Above)
[INDIVIDUALS SIGN BELOW]
(Seal)
- -------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
(Signature of Witness) (Signature of Individual Borrower)
- -------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
(Print or Type Name of Above Witness) (Print or Type Name of Borrower
Signing Above)
<PAGE>
For Bank use only
- -------------- ------------------- -------------------- --------------------
/s/ Dan Astolfi
- -------------- ------------------- -------------------- --------------------
LIS NO. LOAN NO. BORROWER APPROVAL SIGNATURE
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[LOGO OF CORESTATES
COMMERCIAL PROMISSORY NOTE PHILADELPHIA
NATIONAL BANK
APPEARS HERE]
$ 100,000.00 February 16, 1994
- -------------------------------- --------------------
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, each of the undersigned, jointly and severally if more
than one (hereinafter collectively referred to as "Borrower"), promises to pay
to the order of CORESTATES BANK, N.A. (the "Bank"), a national banking
association which also conducts business as Philadelphia National Bank and as
Corestates First Pennsylvania Bank, at any of its banking offices in
Pennsylvania, the principal amount of One Hundred Thousand and --------00/100
---------------------------------------
DOLLARS, in lawful money of the United States, plus interest, to be paid as
follows:
Said principal shall be payable in 59 consecutive equal monthly
installments, each in the amount of $1,666.66 payable on the first of each
month beginning on March 1, 1994, and a final installment of $1,667.06 on
February 1, 1999, plus interest on each said date fixed for payments in
reduction of principal. Interest shall accrue at a per annum rate equal to
1% in excess of the prime rate. Payments will be applied as aforesaid on
the date received and the amount of the final payment will be the amount
which is necessary to pay in full all of the outstanding principal plus
accrued and unpaid interest on this note on the date thereof.
* or (o) if Borrower shall fail to either maintain Bank as its primary bank
of account or in the alternative maintain in any accounts at Bank a
collateral balance of not less than $75,000 in the aggregate.
ADDITIONAL TERMS OF THIS NOTE - Each of the following provisions shall apply to
this Note, to any extension or modification hereof and to the indebtedness
evidenced hereby, except as otherwise expressly stated above or in a separate
writing signed by Book and Borrower.
INTEREST - Interest shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and shall
be charged for the actual number of days elapsed. Accrued interest shall be
payable monthly. Accrued interest shall also be payable when the entire
principal balance of this Note becomes due and payable (whether by demand,
stated maturity or acceleration) or, if earlier, when such principal balance is
actually paid to Bank. If the rate at which interest accrues is based on the
"Prime Rate", that term is defined as the rate of interest for loans established
by Bank from time to time as its prime rate. Said per annum rate of interest
shall change each time Bank's prime rate shall change, effective on and as of
the date of the change. Interest shall accrue on each disbursement hereunder
from the date such disbursement is made by Bank, provided, however, that to
the extent this Note represents a replacement, substitution, renewal or
refinancing or existing indebtedness, interest shall accrue from the date
hereof. Interest shall accrue on the unpaid balance hereof at the rate provided
for in this Note until the entire unpaid balance has been paid in full,
notwithstanding the entry of any judgment against Borrower.
PREPAYMENT - If this Note bears interest at a floating or variable rate and no
floor or minimum rate is specified, Borrower may prepay all or any portion of
the principal balance of this Note at any time without premium or penalty. If
not permitted under the preceding sentence, any prepayment of principal
(including any principal repayment as a result of acceleration by Bank of this
Note) shall require immediate payment to Bank of a prepayment fee equal to the
amount, if any, by which the aggregate present value of scheduled principal and
interest payments eliminated by the prepayment exceeds the principal amount
being prepaid. Said present value shall be calculated by application of a
discount rate determined by Bank in its reasonable judgment to be the yield-to
maturity at the time of prepayment on U.S. Treasury securities having a maturity
which most closely approximates the final maturity date of the principal balance
then outstanding. Whether or not a prepayment fee is required hereunder,
prepayments shall be applied to scheduled installments of principal in the
inverse order of their maturity, shall be accompanied by payments of accrued
interest on the principal amount being prepaid and, unless this Note has been
accelerated by Bank, shall not be permitted in an amount less than the scheduled
principal installment immediately prior to final maturity of the outstanding
principal balance.
COLLATERAL - As security for all indebtedness to Bank now or hereafter incurred
by Borrower, under this Note or otherwise, Borrower grants Bank a lien upon and
security interest in any securities, instruments or other personal property of
Borrower now or hereafter in Bank's possession and in any deposit balances now
or hereafter held by Bank for Borrower's account, and in all proceeds of any
such personal property or deposit balances. Such liens and security interest
shall be independent of Bank's right of setoff. This Note and the indebtedness
evidenced hereby shall be additionally secured by any lien or security interest
evidenced by a writing (whether now existing or hereafter executed) which
contains a provision to the effect that such lien or security interest is
intended to secure (a) this Note or the indebtedness evidenced hereby or (b) any
category of liabilities, obligations or indebtedness of Borrower to Bank which
includes this Note or the indebtedness evidenced hereby, and all property
subject to any such lien or security interest shall be collateral for this Note.
EVENTS OF DEFAULT - Each of the following shall be an Event of Default
hereunder: (a) the nonpayment when due of any amount payable under this Note or
under any obligation or indebtedness to Bank of Borrower or any person liable,
either absolutely or contingently, for payment of any indebtedness evidenced
hereby, including endorsers, guarantors and sureties (each such person is
referred to as an "Obligor"); (b) if Borrower or any Obligor has failed to
observe or perform any other existing or future agreement with Bank of any
nature whatsoever; (c) if any representation, warranty, certificate, financial
statement or other information made or given by Borrower or any Obligor to Bank
is materially incorrect or misleading; (d) if Borrower or any Obligor shall
become insolvent or make an assignment for the benefit of creditors or if any
petition shall be filed by or against Borrower or any Obligor under any
bankruptcy or insolvency law; (e) the entry of this judgment against Borrower or
any Obligor which remains unsatisfied for 15 days or the issuance of any
attachment, tax lien, levy or garnishment against any property of material value
in which Borrower or any Obligor has an interest; (f) if any attachment, levy,
garnishment or similar legal process is served upon Bank as a result of any
claim against Borrower or any Obligor or against any property of Borrower or any
Obligor; (g) the dissolution, merger, consolidation, or the sale or change in
control (as control is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934) of any Borrower which is a corporation or partnership, or transfer of
any substantial portion of any of Borrower's assets, or if any agreement for
such dissolution, merger, consolidation, change in control, sale or transfer is
entered into by Borrower, without the written consent of Bank; (h) the death of
any Borrower or Obligor who is a natural person; (i) if Bank determines
reasonably and in good faith that an event has occurred or a condition exists
which has had, or is likely to have a material adverse effect on the financial
condition or creditworthiness of Borrower or any Obligor, or on the ability of
Borrower or any Obligor to perform its obligation evidenced by this Note; (j) if
Borrower shall fail to remit promptly when due to the appropriate government
agency or authorized depository, any amount collected or withheld from any
employee of Borrower for payroll taxes, Social Security payments or similar
payroll deductions; (k) if any Obligor shall attempt to terminate or disclaim
such Obligor's liability for the indebtedness evidenced by this Note; (l) if
Bank shall reasonably and in good faith determine and notify Borrower that any
collateral for this Note or for the indebtedness evidenced hereby is
insufficient as to quality or quantity; (m) if Borrower shall fail to pay when
due any material indebtedness for borrowed money other than to Bank; or (n) if
Borrower shall be notified of the failure of Borrower or any Obligor to provide
such financial and other information promptly when reasonably requested by Bank.
If this Note is payable on demand, Bank's right to demand payment hereof shall
not be restricted or impaired by the absence, non-occurrence or waiver of an
Event of Default, and it is understood that if this Note is payable on demand.
Bank may demand payment at any time.
BANK'S REMEDIES - Upon the occurrence of one or more Events of Default
(including, if this Note is payable on demand, any Event of Default resulting
from Borrower's failure to make any payment hereunder when demanded), unless
Bank elects otherwise, the entire unpaid balance of this Note and all accrued
interest shall be immediately due and payable without notice to Borrower or any
Obligor, and Bank may, immediately or at any time thereafter exercise any or all
of its rights and remedies hereunder or under any agreement or otherwise under
applicable law against Borrower, any Obligor and any collateral. Bank may
exercise its rights and remedies in any order and may, at its option, delay in
or refrain from exercising some or all of its rights and remedies without
prejudice thereto. Upon the occurrence of any such Event of Default or at any
time thereafter, Bank may, at its option, and upon five days' written notice to
Borrower, begin accruing interest on this Note at a rate not to exceed five
percent (5%) per annum in excess of the greater of (a) the rate of interest
provided for above, or (b) the Prime Rate in effect from time to time on the
unpaid principal balance hereof; provided, however, that no interest shall
accrue hereunder in excess of the maximum rate permitted by law. All such
additional interest shall be payable on demand.
<PAGE>
CONFESSION OF JUDGEMENT - Borrower irrevocably authorizes and empowers any
attorney or any clerk of any court of record, to appear for and confess against
Borrower for such sums as are due and owing on this Note, with or without
declaration, with costs of suit, without stay of execution and with an amount
not to exceed the greater of fifteen percent (15%) of the principal amount of
such judgment or $5,000 added for collection fees. If a copy of this Note,
verified by affidavit by or on behalf of Bank, shall have been filed in such
action, it shall not be necessary to file the original of this Note. The
authority granted hereby shall not be exhausted by the initial exercise thereof
and may be exercised by Bank from time to time. There shall be excluded from the
lien of any judgment obtained solely pursuant to this paragraph all improved
real estate in any area identified as having special flood hazards under
regulations promulgated under the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, if the
community in which such area is located is participating in the National Flood
Insurance Program. Any such exclusion shall not affect any lien upon property
not so excluded.
NOTICE TO BORROWER - Any notice required to be given by Bank under the
provisions of this Note shall be effective as to each Borrower and each Obligor
when addressed to Borrower and deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, for
delivery by first class mail at Borrower's mailing address as it appears on
Bank's records.
DISBURSEMENT AND PAYMENTS - The proceeds of this Note, or any portion thereof,
may be credited by Bank to the deposit account of Borrower, or disbursed in any
other manner requested by Borrower and approved by Bank. If Borrower so
requests, Bank may, at its option, disburse the proceeds of this Note in more
than one disbursement on the same or different dates, but except as otherwise
agreed by Bank in writing, no action taken by Bank in response to any such
request shall be deemed to create or shall imply the existence of any commitment
or obligation to pay or credit the undisbursed portion of this Note. All
payments due under this Note are to be made in immediately available funds. If
Bank accepts payment in any other form, such payment shall not be deemed to
have been made until the funds comprising such payment have actually been
received by or made available to Bank. If Borrower is not an individual,
Borrower authorizes Bank (but Bank shall have no obligation) to charge any
deposit account in Borrower's name for any and all payments of principal,
interest, or any other amounts due under this Note.
PAYMENT OF COSTS - In addition to the principal and interest payable hereunder,
Borrower agrees to pay Bank, on demand, all costs and expenses (including
reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements) which may be incurred by Bank in
the collection of this Note or the enforcement of Bank's rights and remedies
hereunder.
REPRESENTATIONS BY BORROWER - If Borrower is a corporation or a general or
limited partnership, Borrower represents and warrants that it is validly
existing and in good standing in the jurisdiction under whose laws it was
organized. If Borrower is a corporation, Borrower represents and warrants that
the execution, delivery and performance of this Note are within Borrower's
corporate powers, have been duly authorized by all necessary action by
Borrower's Board of Directors, and are not in contravention of the terms of
Borrower's charter, by-laws, or any resolution of its Board of Directors. If
Borrower is a general or limited partnership, Borrower represents and warrants
that the execution, delivery and performance of this Note have been duly
authorized and are not in conflict with any provision of Borrower's partnership
agreement or certificate of limited partnership. Borrower further represents and
warrants that this Note has been validly executed and is enforceable in
accordance with its terms, that the execution, delivery and performance by
Borrower of this Note are not in contravention of law and do not conflict with
any indenture, agreement or undertaking to which Borrower is a party or is
otherwise bound, and that no consent or approval of any governmental authority
or any third party is required in connection with the execution, delivery and
performance of this Notie.
WAIVERS, ETC. - Borrower and each Obligor waive presentment, dishonor, notice of
dishonor, protest and notice of protest. Neither the failure nor any delay on
the part of Bank to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder
shall operate as a waiver or modification thereof. No comment, waiver or
modification of the terms of this Note shall be effective unless set forth in a
writing signed by Bank. All rights and remedies of Bank are cumulative and
concurrent and no single or partial exercise of any power or privilege shall
preclude any other or further exercise of any right, power or privilege.
MISCELLANEOUS - This Note is the unconditional obligation of Borrower, and
Borrower agrees that Bank shall not be required to exercise any of its rights or
remedies against any collateral in which it holds a lien or security interest or
against which it has a right of setoff or against any particular Obligor. All
representations, warranties and agreements herein are made jointly and severally
by each Borrower. If any provision of this Note shall be held invalid or
unenforceable, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other
provision hereof. To the extent that this Note represents a replacement,
substitution, renewal or refinancing of a pre-existing note or other evidence of
indebtedness, the indebtedness represented by such preexisting note or other
instrument shall not be deemed to have been extinguished hereby. In the event
that any due date specified or otherwise provided for in this Note shall fall on
a day on which Bank is not open for business, such due date shall be postponed
until the next banking day, and interest and any fees or similar charges shall
continue to accrue during such period of postponement. This Note has been
delivered in and shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws
of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania without regard to the law of conflicts. This
Note shall be binding upon each Borrower and each Obligor and upon their
personal representatives, heirs, successors and assigns, and shall benefit Bank
and its successors and assigns.
CONSENT TO JURISDICTION AND VENUE - IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING INVOLVING, DIRECTLY
OR INDIRECTLY, ANY MATTER ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS NOTE OR THE
RELATIONSHIP EVIDENCED HEREBY, EACH UNDERSIGNED PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS
TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF ANY STATE OR FEDERAL COURT LOCATED IN ANY
COUNTY IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA WHERE BANK MAINTAINS AN OFFICE AND
AGREES NOT TO RAISE ANY OBJECTION TO SUCH JURISDICTION OR TO THE LAYING OR
MAINTAINING OF THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH PROCEEDING IN SUCH COUNTY. EACH UNDERSIGNED
PARTY AGREES THAT SERVICE OF PROCESS IN ANY SUCH PROCEEDING MAY BE DULY EFFECTED
UPON IT BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF, BY REGISTERED MAIL, POSTAGE PREPAID, TO EACH
UNDERSIGNED PARTY.
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL - EACH UNDERSIGNED PARTY HEREBY WAIVES, AND BANK BY ITS
ACCEPTANCE HEREOF THEREBY WAIVES, TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING
INVOLVING, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ANY MATTER (WHETHER SOUNDING IN TORT,
CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE) IN ANY WAY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS NOTE OR THE
RELATIONSHIP EVIDENCED HEREBY. THIS PROVISION IS A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT FOR BANK
TO ENTER INTO, ACCEPT OR RELY UPON THIS NOTE.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Borrower intending this to be a sealed instrument and
intending to be legally bound hereby, has executed and delivered this Note as of
the day and year first above written.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of Corporation
or Partnership CFM Technologies, Inc.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By: By: Roger A. Cardin, President
- -------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
(Signature of Authorized Signer) (Signature of Authorized Signer)
Roger A. Cardin, President
- -------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
(Print or Type Name and Title of (Print or Type Name and Title of
Signer Above) Signer Above)
INDIVIDUALS SIGN BELOW
(Seal)
- ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------
(Signature of Witness) (Signature of Individual Borrower)
- ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------
(Print or Type Name of Above (Print or Type Name of Borrower
Witness) Signing Above)
(Seal)
- ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------
(Signature of Witness) (Signature of Individual Borrower)
- ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------
(Print or Type Name of Above (Print or Type Name of Borrower
Witness) Signing Above)
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
As independent public accountants, we hereby consent to the incorporation of
our report included in this Form 10-K, into CFM Technologies, Inc.'s previously
filed Form S-8 Registration Statement File No. 333-19749.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
Philadelphia, Pa.,
January 27, 1997
