TEMPLETON REAL ESTATE SECURITIES FUND
THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DATED MAY 1, 1995,
AS AMENDED SEPTEMBER 29, 1995,
IS NOT A PROSPECTUS. IT SHOULD BE READ IN
CONJUNCTION WITH THE PROSPECTUS OF
TEMPLETON REAL ESTATE SECURITIES FUND
DATED MAY 1, 1995, AS AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME,
WHICH MAY BE OBTAINED WITHOUT
CHARGE UPON REQUEST TO THE PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER,
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.,
700 CENTRAL AVENUE, P.O. BOX 33030,
ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA 33733-8030
TOLL FREE TELEPHONE: 800/DIAL BEN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
General Information and History.......................1
Investment Objectives and Policies....................1
-Investment Policies.................................1
-Repurchase Agreements...............................1
-Futures Contracts...................................2
-Options on Securities and Stock Indices.............3
-Foreign Currency Hedging Transactions...............5
-Investment Restrictions.............................6
-Risk Factors........................................9
-Trading Policies...................................13
-Personal Securities Transactions...................13
Management of the Fund...............................14
Trustee Compensation.................................19
Principal Shareholders...............................20
Investment Management and Other
Services...........................................21
-Investment Management Agreement....................21
-Management Fees....................................22
-The Investment Manager.............................22
-Business Manager...................................23
-Custodian and Transfer Agent.......................24
-Legal Counsel......................................25
-Independent Accountants............................25
-Reports to Shareholders............................25
Brokerage Allocation.................................25
Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of
Shares.............................................28
-Ownership and Authority Disputes...................29
-Tax-Deferred Retirement Plans......................29
-Letter of Intent...................................31
-Special Net Asset Value Purchases..................32
Tax Status...........................................33
Principal Underwriter................................40
Description of Shares................................42
Performance Information..............................43
Financial Statements.................................46
GENERAL INFORMATION AND HISTORY
Templeton Real Estate Securities Fund (the "Fund"), formerly Templeton
Real Estate Trust, was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on July 17,
1989, and is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940
Act") as an open-end diversified management investment company.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
INVESTMENT POLICIES. The investment objectives and policies
of the Fund are described in the Fund's Prospectus under the
heading "General Description--Investment Objectives and
Policies."
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. Repurchase agreements are contracts
under which the buyer of a security simultaneously commits to
resell the security to the seller at an agreed-upon price and
date. Under a repurchase agreement, the seller is required to
maintain the value of the securities subject to the repurchase
agreement at not less than their repurchase price. Templeton,
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Galbraith & Hansberger Ltd. (the "Investment Manager") will monitor the value of
such securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the
repurchase price. Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of
default or insolvency of the seller, including possible delays or restrictions
upon the Fund's ability to dispose of the underlying securities. The Fund will
enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet creditworthiness
standards approved by the Board of Trustees, I.E., banks or broker-dealers which
have been determined by the Investment Manager to present no serious risk of
becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated
by the repurchase transaction.
FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may purchase and sell financial futures
contracts. Although some financial futures contracts call for making or taking
delivery of the underlying securities, in most cases these obligations are
closed out before the settlement date. The closing of a contractual obligation
is accomplished by purchasing or selling an identical offsetting futures
contract. Other financial futures contracts by their terms call for cash
settlements.
The Fund may also buy and sell index futures contracts with respect to
any stock or bond index traded on a recognized stock exchange or board of trade.
An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a
specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. The
stock index futures contract specifies that no delivery of the actual stocks
making up the index will take place. Instead, settlement in cash must occur upon
the termination of the contract, with the settlement being the difference
between the contract price and the actual level of the stock index at the
expiration of the contract.
At the time the Fund purchases a futures contract, an amount of cash,
U.S. Government securities, or other highly liquid debt securities equal to the
market value of the futures contract will be deposited in a segregated account
with the Fund's Custodian. When writing a futures contract, the Fund will
maintain with its Custodian liquid assets that, when added to the amounts
deposited with a futures commission merchant or broker as margin, are equal to
the market value of the instruments underlying the contract. Alternatively, the
Fund may "cover" its position by owning the instruments underlying the contract
(or, in the case of an index futures contract, a portfolio with a volatility
substantially similar to that of the index on which the futures contract is
based), or holding a call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same
futures contract at a price no higher than the price of the contract written by
the Fund (or at a higher price if the
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difference is maintained in liquid assets with the Fund's
Custodian).
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES AND STOCK INDICES. The Fund may write covered
call and put options and purchase call and put options on securities or stock
indices that are traded on United States and foreign exchanges and in the
over-the-counter markets.
An option on a security is a contract that gives the purchaser of the
option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy a specified security
(in the case of a call option) or to sell a specified security (in the case of a
put option) from or to the writer of the option at a designated price during the
term of the option. An option on a securities index gives the purchaser of the
option, in return for the premium paid, the right to receive from the seller
cash equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the
exercise price of the option.
The Fund may write a call or put option only if the option is
"covered." A call option on a security written by the Fund is covered if the
Fund owns the underlying security covered by the call or has an absolute and
immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration
(or for additional cash consideration held in a segregated account by its
Custodian) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its
portfolio. A call option on a security is also covered if the Fund holds a call
on the same security and in the same principal amount as the call written where
the exercise price of the call held (a) is equal to or less than the exercise
price of the call written or (b) is greater than the exercise price of the call
written if the difference is maintained by the Fund in cash or high grade U.S.
Government securities in a segregated account with its Custodian. A put option
on a security written by the Fund is "covered" if the Fund maintains cash or
fixed-income securities with a value equal to the exercise price in a segregated
account with its Custodian, or else holds a put on the same security and in the
same principal amount as the put written where the exercise price of the put
held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written.
The Fund will cover call options on stock indices by owning securities
whose price changes, in the opinion of the Investment Manager, are expected to
be similar to those of the index, or in such other manner as may be in
accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the option is traded and
applicable laws and regulations. Nevertheless, where the Fund covers a call
option on a stock index through ownership of securities, such securities may not
match the composition of the index. In that event, the Fund will not be fully
covered and could be subject to risk of
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loss in the event of adverse changes in the value of the index. The Fund will
cover put options on stock indices by segregating assets equal to the option's
exercise price, or in such other manner as may be in accordance with the rules
of the exchange on which the option is traded and applicable laws and
regulations.
The Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option,
which increases the Fund's gross income in the event the option expires
unexercised or is closed out at a profit. If the value of a security or an index
on which the Fund has written a call option falls or remains the same, the Fund
will realize a profit in the form of the premium received (less transaction
costs) that could offset all or a portion of any decline in the value of the
portfolio securities being hedged. If the value of the underlying security or
index rises, however, the Fund will realize a loss in its call option position,
which will reduce the benefit of any unrealized appreciation in the Fund's stock
investments. By writing a put option, the Fund assumes the risk of a decline in
the underlying security or index. To the extent that the price changes of the
portfolio securities being hedged correlate with changes in the value of the
underlying security or index, writing covered put options on securities or
indices will increase the Fund's losses in the event of a market decline,
although such losses will be offset in part by the premium received for writing
the option.
The Fund may also purchase put options to hedge its investments against
a decline in value. By purchasing a put option, the Fund will seek to offset a
decline in the value of the portfolio securities being hedged through
appreciation of the put option. If the value of the Fund's investments does not
decline as anticipated, or if the value of the option does not increase, the
Fund's loss will be limited to the premium paid for the option plus related
transaction costs. The success of this strategy will depend, in part, on the
accuracy of the correlation between the changes in value of the underlying
security or index and the changes in value of the Fund's security holdings being
hedged.
The Fund may purchase call options on individual securities to hedge
against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund anticipates
purchasing in the future. Similarly, the Fund may purchase call options to
attempt to reduce the risk of missing a broad market advance, or an advance in
an industry or market segment, at a time when the Fund holds uninvested cash or
short-term debt securities awaiting investment. When purchasing call options,
the Fund will bear the risk of losing all or a portion of the premium paid if
the value of the underlying security or index does not rise.
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There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund
seeks to close out an option position. Trading could be interrupted, for
example, because of supply and demand imbalances arising from a lack of either
buyers or sellers, or the options exchange could suspend trading after the price
has risen or fallen more than the maximum specified by the exchange. Although
the Fund may be able to offset to some extent any adverse effects of being
unable to liquidate an option position, the Fund may experience losses in some
cases as a result of such inability.
FOREIGN CURRENCY HEDGING TRANSACTIONS. In order to hedge against
foreign currency exchange rate risks, the Fund may enter into forward foreign
currency exchange contracts and foreign currency futures contracts, as well as
purchase put or call options on foreign currencies, as described below. The Fund
may also conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions on a spot (I.E.,
cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market.
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts
("forward contracts") to attempt to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse
changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. A
forward contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency for an
agreed price at a future date which is individually negotiated and privately
traded by currency traders and their customers. The Fund may enter into a
forward contract, for example, when it enters into a contract for the purchase
or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency in order to "lock in"
the U.S. dollar price of the security. In addition, for example, when the Fund
believes that a foreign currency may suffer or enjoy a substantial movement
against another currency, it may enter into a forward contract to sell an amount
of the former foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of the
Fund's portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. This second
investment practice is generally referred to as "cross- hedging." Because in
connection with the Fund's foreign currency forward transactions an amount of
the Fund's assets equal to the amount of the purchase will be held aside or
segregated to be used to pay for the commitment, the Fund will always have cash,
cash equivalents or high quality debt securities available sufficient to cover
any commitments under these contracts or to limit any potential risk. The
segregated account will be marked-to-market on a daily basis. In addition, the
Investment Manager does not intend to enter into such forward contracts if, as a
result, the Fund will have more than 20% of the value of its total assets
committed to such contracts. While these contracts are not presently regulated
by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"), the CFTC may in the future
assert authority
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to regulate forward contracts. In such event, the Fund's ability to utilize
forward contracts in the manner set forth above may be restricted. Forward
contracts may limit potential gain from a positive change in the relationship
between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. Unanticipated changes in
currency prices may result in poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it
had not engaged in such contracts.
The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on foreign
currencies for the purpose of protecting against declines in the dollar value of
foreign portfolio securities and against increases in the dollar cost of foreign
securities to be acquired. As is the case with other kinds of options, however,
the writing of an option on foreign currency will constitute only a partial
hedge, up to the amount of the premium received, and the Fund could be required
to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates,
thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on foreign currency may
constitute an effective hedge against fluctuation in exchange rates although, in
the event of rate movements adverse to the Fund's position, the Fund may forfeit
the entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs. Options on
foreign currencies to be written or purchased by the Fund will be traded on U.S.
and foreign exchanges or over-the-counter.
The Fund may enter into exchange-traded contracts for the purchase or
sale for future delivery of foreign currencies ("foreign currency futures").
This investment technique will be used only to hedge against anticipated future
changes in exchange rates which otherwise might adversely affect the value of
the Fund's portfolio securities or adversely affect the prices of securities
that the Fund intends to purchase at a later date. The successful use of
currency futures will usually depend on the Investment Manager's ability to
forecast currency exchange rate movements correctly. Should exchange rates move
in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of
foreign currency futures or may realize losses.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS. The Fund has imposed upon itself certain
investment restrictions which, together with its investment objectives and
policies, are fundamental policies except as otherwise indicated. No changes in
the Fund's investment objectives, policies or investment restrictions (except
those which are not fundamental policies) can be made without the approval of
the Shareholders of the Fund. For this purpose, the provisions of the 1940 Act
require the affirmative vote of the lesser of either (1) 67% or more of the
Fund's Shares present at a Shareholders' meeting at which more than 50% of the
outstanding Shares are present or represented by proxy or (2) more than 50% of
the outstanding Shares of the Fund.
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In accordance with these restrictions, the Fund will not:
1. Invest more than 5% of its total assets in the
securities of any one issuer (exclusive of U.S.
Government securities).
2. Invest directly in real estate or interests in real
estate (although it may purchase securities secured by
real estate or interests therein, or issued by
companies or investment trusts which invest in real
estate or interests therein); invest in other open-end
investment companies (except in connection with a
merger, consolidation, acquisition or reorganization);
invest in interests (other than publicly issued
debentures or equity stock interests) in oil, gas or
other mineral exploration or development programs; or
purchase or sell commodity contracts (except futures
contracts as described in the Fund's Prospectus).
3. Purchase or retain securities of any company in which officers
of the Fund or of the Investment Manager, individually owning
more than 1/2 of 1% of the securities of such company, in the
aggregate own more than 5% of the securities of such company.
4. Purchase more than 10% of any class of securities of any one
company, including more than 10% of its outstanding voting
securities, or invest in any company for the purpose of
exercising control or management.
5. Act as an underwriter; issue senior securities; purchase on
margin or sell short, except that the Fund may make margin
payments in connection with futures contracts.
6. Loan money apart from the purchase of a portion of an issue of
publicly distributed bonds, debentures, notes and other
evidences of indebtedness, although the Fund may enter into
repurchase agreements and lend its portfolio securities.
7. Invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in
securities of issuers which have been in continuous operation
less than three years.
8. Invest more than 15% of its total assets in securities of
foreign companies that are not listed on a recognized United
States or foreign securities exchange, including no more than
10% of its total assets in restricted securities and other
securities
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(including repurchase agreements having more than seven days
remaining to maturity and over-the-counter options purchased
by the Fund and the assets used as cover for over-the-counter
options written by the Fund) which are not restricted but
which are not readily marketable (I.E., trading in the
security is suspended or, in the case of unlisted securities,
market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or
offers).
9. Concentrate its investments in any one industry, except that
the Fund may invest 25% or more of its total assets in
securities of companies principally engaged in or related to
the real estate industry.
10. Borrow money, except that the Fund may borrow money
from banks in an amount not exceeding 30% of the value
of the Fund's total assets (not including the amount
borrowed), or pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its
assets for any purpose, except to secure borrowings and
then only to an extent not greater than 15% of the
Fund's total assets. Arrangements with respect to
margin for futures contracts are not deemed to be a
pledge of assets.
11. Participate on a joint or a joint and several basis in any
trading account in securities. (See "Investment Objectives and
Policies--Trading Policies" as to transactions in the same
securities for the Fund and other Templeton Funds and
clients.)
12. Invest more than 5% of its total assets in warrants whether or
not listed on the New York or American Stock Exchanges, and
more than 2% of its total assets in warrants that are not
listed on those exchanges. Warrants acquired in units or
attached to securities are not included in this restriction.
The Fund has undertaken with a state securities commission that it will
limit investments in illiquid securities to no more than 5% of its total assets.
In addition, the Fund has no present intention of investing in collateralized
mortgage obligations.
Whenever any investment policy or investment restriction states a
maximum percentage of the Fund's assets which may be invested in any security or
other property, it is intended that such maximum percentage limitation be
determined immediately after and as a result of the Fund's acquisition of such
security or property. The investment restrictions do not preclude the Fund from
purchasing the securities of any issuer pursuant to the
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exercise of subscription rights distributed to the Fund by the issuer, unless
such purchase would result in a violation of restrictions 8 or 9.
RISK FACTORS. The Fund has an unlimited right to purchase securities in
any developed foreign country and may invest up to 10% of its assets in
developing countries, if such securities are listed on an exchange, as well as a
limited right to purchase such securities if they are unlisted. Investors should
consider carefully the substantial risks involved in securities of companies and
governments of foreign nations, which are in addition to the usual risks
inherent in domestic investments.
There may be less publicly available information about foreign
companies comparable to the reports and ratings published about companies in the
United States. Foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform
accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, and auditing practices
and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to United States
companies. The Fund, therefore, may encounter difficulty in obtaining market
quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset
value. Foreign markets have substantially less volume than the New York Stock
Exchange ("NYSE") and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and
more volatile than securities of comparable United States companies. Commission
rates in foreign countries, which are generally fixed rather than subject to
negotiation as in the United States, are likely to be higher. In many foreign
countries there is less government supervision and regulation of stock
exchanges, brokers and listed companies than in the United States.
Investments in companies domiciled in developing countries may be
subject to potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries.
These risks include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) the
small current size of the markets for such securities and the currently low or
nonexistent volume of trading, which result in a lack of liquidity and in
greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the
Fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers
or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation; (v)
the absence of developed legal structures governing private or foreign
investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (vi)
the absence, until recently in certain Eastern European countries, of a capital
market structure or market-oriented economy; and (vii) the possibility that
recent favorable economic developments in Eastern Europe may be slowed or
reversed by unanticipated political or social events in such countries.
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In addition, many countries in which a Fund may invest have experienced
substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many
years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of
certain countries. Moreover, the economies of some developing countries may
differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States economy in such respects
as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation,
capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments
position.
Investments in Eastern European countries may involve risks of
nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. The Communist
governments of a number of Eastern European countries expropriated large amounts
of private property in the past, in many cases without adequate compensation,
and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the
future. In the event of such expropriation, the Fund could lose a substantial
portion of any investments it has made in the affected countries. Further, no
accounting standards exist in Eastern European countries. Finally, even though
certain Eastern European currencies may be convertible into United States
dollars, the conversion rates may be artificial to the actual market values and
may be adverse to Fund Shareholders.
Investing in Russian companies involves a high degree of risk and
special considerations not typically associated with investing in the United
States securities markets, and should be considered highly speculative. Such
risks include: (a) delays in settling portfolio transactions and risk of loss
arising out of Russia's system of share registration and custody; (b) the risk
that it may be impossible or more difficult than in other countries to obtain
and/or enforce a judgment; (c) pervasiveness of corruption and crime in the
Russian economic system; (d) currency exchange rate volatility and the lack of
available currency hedging instruments; (e) higher rates of inflation (including
the risk of social unrest associated with periods of hyper-inflation); (f)
controls on foreign investment and local practices disfavoring foreign investors
and limitations on repatriation of invested capital, profits and dividends, and
on the Fund's ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (g) the
risk that the government of Russia or other executive or legislative bodies may
decide not to continue to support the economic reform programs implemented since
the dissolution of the Soviet Union and could follow radically different
political and/or economic policies to the detriment of investors, including
non-market-oriented policies such as the support of certain industries at the
expense of other sectors or investors, or a return to the centrally planned
economy that existed prior to the
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dissolution of the Soviet Union; (h) the financial condition of Russian
companies, including large amounts of inter-company debt which may create a
payments crisis on a national scale; (i) dependency on exports and the
corresponding importance of international trade; (j) the risk that the Russian
tax system will not be reformed to prevent inconsistent, retroactive and/or
exorbitant taxation; and (k) possible difficulty in identifying a purchaser of
securities held by the Fund due to the underdeveloped nature of the securities
markets.
There is little historical data on Russian securities markets because
they are relatively new and a substantial proportion of securities transactions
in Russia are privately negotiated outside of stock exchanges. Because of the
recent formation of the securities markets as well as the underdeveloped state
of the banking and telecommunications systems, settlement, clearing and
registration of securities transactions are subject to significant risks.
Ownership of shares (except where shares are held through depositories that meet
the requirements of the 1940 Act) is defined according to entries in the
company's share register and normally evidenced by extracts from the register or
by formal share certificates. However, there is no central registration system
for shareholders and these services are carried out by the companies themselves
or by registrars located throughout Russia. These registrars are not necessarily
subject to effective state supervision and it is possible for the Fund to lose
its registration through fraud, negligence or even mere oversight. While the
Fund will endeavor to ensure that its interest continues to be appropriately
recorded either itself or through a custodian or other agent inspecting the
share register and by obtaining extracts of share registers through regular
confirmations, these extracts have no legal enforceability and it is possible
that subsequent illegal amendment or other fraudulent act may deprive the Fund
of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its interests. In addition, while
applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses
resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce any
rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the
event of loss of share registration. Furthermore, although a Russian public
enterprise with more than 1,000 shareholders is required by law to contract out
the maintenance of its shareholder register to an independent entity that meets
certain criteria, in practice this regulation has not always been strictly
enforced. Because of this lack of independence, management of a company may be
able to exert considerable influence over who can purchase and sell the
company's shares by illegally instructing the registrar to refuse to record
transactions in the share register. This practice may prevent the Fund from
investing in the securities of certain Russian companies deemed suitable by the
Investment Manager.
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Further, this also could cause a delay in the sale of Russian company securities
by the Fund if a potential purchaser is deemed unsuitable, which may expose the
Fund to potential loss on the investment.
The Fund endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a
basis as practicable. Some price spread on currency exchange (to cover service
charges) may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from
one country to another or when proceeds of the sale of Shares in U.S. dollars
are used for the purchase of securities in foreign countries. Also, some
countries may adopt policies which would prevent the Fund from transferring cash
out of the country or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source.
There is the possibility of cessation of trading on national exchanges,
expropriation, nationalization or confiscatory taxation, withholding and other
foreign taxes on income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may
include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country),
default in foreign government securities, political or social instability, or
diplomatic developments which could affect investments in securities of issuers
in foreign nations.
The Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by
fluctuations in the relative rates of exchange between the currencies of
different nations, by exchange control regulations and by indigenous economic
and political developments. Some countries in which the Fund may invest may also
have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S.
dollar. Further, certain currencies have experienced a steady devaluation
relative to the U.S. dollar. Any devaluations in the currencies in which the
Fund's portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the
Fund. Through the Fund's flexible policy, management endeavors to avoid
unfavorable consequences and to take advantage of favorable developments in
particular nations where from time to time it places the Fund's investments.
The exercise of this flexible policy may include decisions to purchase
securities with substantial risk characteristics and other decisions such as
changing the emphasis on investments from one nation to another and from one
type of security to another. Some of these decisions may later prove profitable
and others may not. No assurance can be given that profits, if any, will exceed
losses.
The Trustees consider at least annually the likelihood of the
imposition by any foreign government of exchange control restrictions which
would affect the liquidity of the Fund's assets maintained with custodians in
foreign countries, as well
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as the degree of risk from political acts of foreign governments to which such
assets may be exposed. The Trustees also consider the degree of risk involved
through the holding of portfolio securities in domestic and foreign securities
depositories (see "Investment Management and Other Services--Custodian and
Transfer Agent"). However, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or
gross negligence on the part of the Investment Manager, any losses resulting
from the holding of the Fund's portfolio securities in foreign countries and/or
with securities depositories will be at the risk of the Shareholders. No
assurance can be given that the Fund's appraisal of the risks will always be
correct or that such exchange control restrictions or political acts of foreign
governments might not occur.
Additional risks may be involved with the Fund's special investment
techniques, including loans of portfolio securities and borrowing for investment
purposes. These risks are described under the heading "Investment Techniques" in
the Prospectus.
TRADING POLICIES. The Investment Manager and its affiliated companies
serve as investment adviser to other investment companies and private clients.
Accordingly, the respective portfolios of certain of these funds and clients may
contain many or some of the same securities. When certain funds or clients are
engaged simultaneously in the purchase or sale of the same security, the trades
may be aggregated for execution and then allocated in a manner designed to be
equitable to each party. The larger size of the transaction may affect the price
of the security and/or the quantity which may be bought or sold for each party.
If the transaction is large enough, brokerage commissions in certain countries
may be negotiated below those otherwise chargeable.
Sale or purchase of securities, without payment of brokerage
commissions, fees (except customary transfer fees) or other remuneration in
connection therewith, may be effected between any of these funds, or between
funds and private clients, under procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 17a-7 under
the 1940 Act.
PERSONAL SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS. Access persons of the Franklin
Templeton Group, as defined in SEC Rule 17(j) under the 1940 Act, who are
employees of Franklin Resources, Inc. or their subsidiaries, are permitted to
engage in personal securities transactions subject to the following general
restrictions and procedures: (1) The trade must receive advance clearance from a
Compliance Officer and must be completed within 24 hours after this clearance;
(2) Copies of all brokerage confirmations must be sent to the Compliance Officer
and within 10 days after the end of each calendar quarter, a report of all
securities transactions must be provided to the Compliance Officer; (3) In
addition to
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items (1) and (2), access persons involved in preparing and making investment
decisions must file annual reports of their securities holdings each January and
also inform the Compliance Officer (or other designated personnel) if they own a
security that is being considered for a fund or other client transaction or if
they are recommending a security in which they have an ownership interest for
purchase or sale by a fund or other client.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The name, address, principal occupation during the past five years and
other information with respect to each of the Trustees and Principal Executive
Officers of the Fund are as follows:
NAME, ADDRESS AND PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
OFFICES WITH FUND DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
HARRIS J. ASHTON
Metro Center, 1 Station
Place
Stamford, Connecticut
Trustee
Chairman of the Board, president
and chief executive officer of
General Host Corporation (nursery
and craft centers); and a
director of RBC Holdings (U.S.A.)
Inc. (a bank holding company) and
Bar-S Foods. Age 63.
NICHOLAS F. BRADY*
The Bullitt House
102 East Dover Street
Easton, Maryland
Trustee
Chairman of Templeton Emerging Markets Investment Trust PLC; chairman of
Templeton Latin America Investment Trust PLC; chairman of Darby Overseas
Investments, Ltd. (an investment firm) (1994-present); director of the Amerada
Hess Corporation, Capital Cities/ABC, Inc., Christiana Companies, and the H.J.
Heinz Company; Secretary of the United States Department of the Treasury
(1988-January 1993); and chairman of the board of Dillon, Read & Co. Inc.
(investment banking) prior thereto. Age 65.
F. BRUCE CLARKE
19 Vista View Blvd.
Thornhill, Ontario
Trustee
Retired; formerly, credit
adviser, National Bank of Canada,
Toronto. Age 85.
- 14 -
<PAGE>
NAME, ADDRESS AND PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
OFFICES WITH FUND DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
HASSO-G VON DIERGARDT-NAGLO
R.R. 3
Stouffville, Ontario
Trustee
Farmer; and president of
Clairhaven Investments, Ltd. and
other private investment
companies. Age 79.
S. JOSEPH FORTUNATO
12 Brannick Drive
Madison, New Jersey
Trustee
Member of the law firm of Pitney,
Hardin, Kipp & Szuch; and a
director of General Host
Corporation. Age 63.
JOHN Wm. GALBRAITH
360 Central Avenue
Suite 1300
St. Petersburg, Florida
Trustee
President of Galbraith
Properties, Inc. (personal
investment company); director of
Gulfwest Banks, Inc. (bank
holding company) (1995-present)
and Mercantile Bank (1991-
present); vice chairman of
Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger
Ltd. (1986-1992); and chairman of
Templeton Funds Management, Inc.
(1974-1991). Age 74.
ANDREW H. HINES, JR.
150 2nd Avenue N.
St. Petersburg, Florida
Trustee Consultant for the Triangle Consulting Group; chairman of the board
and chief executive officer of Florida Progress Corporation (1982-February 1990)
and director of various of its subsidiaries; chairman and director of Precise
Power Corporation; executive-in-residence of Eckerd College (1991-present); and
a director of Checkers Drive-In Restaurants, Inc. Age 72.
- 15 -
<PAGE>
NAME, ADDRESS AND PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
OFFICES WITH FUND DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
CHARLES B. JOHNSON*
777 Mariners Island Blvd.
San Mateo, California
Chairman of the Board
and Vice President
President, chief executive officer, and director of Franklin Resources, Inc.;
chairman of the board and director of Franklin Advisers, Inc. and Franklin
Templeton Distributors, Inc.; director of Franklin Administrative Services,
Inc., General Host Corporation, and Templeton Global Investors, Inc.; and
officer and director, trustee or managing general partner, as the case may be,
of most other subsidiaries of Franklin and of 55 of the investment companies in
the Franklin Templeton Group.
Age 62.
RUPERT H. JOHNSON, JR.*
777 Mariners Island Blvd.
San Mateo, California
Trustee Executive vice president and director of Franklin Resources, Inc.;
president and director of Franklin Advisers, Inc.; executive vice president and
director of Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc.; director of Franklin
Administrative Services, Inc.; and officer and/or director, trustee or managing
general partner, as the case may be, of most other subsidiaries of Franklin
Resources, Inc., and of 42 of the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group. Age 55.
BETTY P. KRAHMER
2201 Kentmere Parkway
Wilmington, Delaware
Trustee
Director or trustee of various civic associations; formerly, economic analyst,
U.S.
Government. Age 66.
- 16 -
<PAGE>
NAME, ADDRESS AND PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
OFFICES WITH FUND DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
GORDON S. MACKLIN
8212 Burning Tree Road
Bethesda, Maryland
Trustee
Chairman of White River
Corporation (information
services); director of Fund
America Enterprises Holdings,
Inc., Lockheed Martin
Corporation, MCI Communications Corporation, Fusion Systems Corporation,
Infovest Corporation, and Medimmune, Inc.; and formerly held the following
positions: chairman of Hambrecht and Quist Group; director of H&Q Healthcare
Investors; and president of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
Age 67.
FRED R. MILLSAPS
2665 NE 37th Drive
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Trustee
Manager of personal investments (1978-present); chairman and chief executive
officer of Landmark Banking Corporation (1969-1978); financial vice president of
Florida Power and Light (1965-1969); vice president of The Federal Reserve Bank
of Atlanta (1958-1965); and a director of various other business and nonprofit
organizations. Age 66.
MARK G. HOLOWESKO
Lyford Cay
Nassau, Bahamas
President
President and director of
Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger Ltd.; director of global equity research for
Templeton Worldwide, Inc.; president or vice president of other Templeton Funds;
formerly, investment administrator with Roy West Trust Corporation (Bahamas)
Limited (1984-1985). Age 35.
- 17 -
<PAGE>
NAME, ADDRESS AND PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
OFFICES WITH FUND DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
MARTIN L. FLANAGAN
777 Mariners Island Blvd.
San Mateo, California
Vice President Senior vice president, treasurer, and chief financial officer
of Franklin Resources, Inc.; director and executive vice president of Templeton
Investment Counsel, Inc.; director, chief executive officer, and president of
Templeton Global Investors, Inc.; director or trustee, president or vice
president of various Templeton Funds; accountant with Arthur Andersen & Company
(1982-1983); and a member of the International Society of Financial Analysts and
the American Institute of Certified Public Accounts. Age 35.
JEFFREY A. EVERETT
Lyford Cay
Nassau, Bahamas
Vice President
Vice president, Portfolio
Management/Research of Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger Ltd.; formerly,
investment officer, First Pennsylvania Investment Research (until 1989). Age 31.
JOHN R. KAY
500 East Broward Blvd.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Vice President Vice president of the Templeton Funds; vice president and
treasurer of Templeton Global Investors, Inc. and Templeton Worldwide, Inc.;
assistant vice president of Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc.; formerly,
vice president and controller of the Keystone Group, Inc. Age 55.
THOMAS M. MISTELE
700 Central Avenue
St. Petersburg, Florida
Secretary
Senior vice president of
Templeton Global Investors, Inc.; vice president of Franklin Templeton
Distributors, Inc.; secretary of the Templeton Funds; formerly, attorney,
Dechert Price & Rhoads (1985-1988) and Freehill, Hollingdale & Page (1988); and
judicial clerk, U.S. District Court (Eastern District of Virginia) (1984-1985).
Age 42.
- 18 -
<PAGE>
JAMES R. BAIO
500 East Broward Blvd.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Treasurer Certified public accountant; treasurer of the Templeton Funds;
senior vice president of Templeton Worldwide, Inc., Templeton Global Investors,
Inc., and Templeton Funds Trust Company; formerly, senior tax manager with Ernst
& Young (certified public accountants) (1977-1989). Age 41.
JACK L. COLLINS
700 Central Avenue
St. Petersburg, Florida
Assistant Treasurer Assistant treasurer of the Templeton Funds; assistant vice
president of Franklin Templeton Investor Services, Inc.; formerly, partner with
Grant Thornton, independent public accountants. Age 66.
JEFFREY L. STEELE
1500 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
Assistant Secretary
Partner, Dechert Price & Rhoads.
Age 50.
- ------------------
* These are Trustees who are "interested persons" of the Fund
as that term is defined in the 1940 Act. Mr. Brady and
Franklin Resources, Inc. are limited partners of Darby
Overseas Partners, L.P. ("Darby Overseas"). Mr. Brady
established Darby Overseas in February, 1994, and is
Chairman and a shareholder of the corporate general partner
of Darby Overseas. In addition, Darby Overseas and
Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger, Ltd. are limited partners
of Darby Emerging Markets Fund, L.P.
There are no family relationships between any of the Trustees, except
that Messrs. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H.
Johnson, Jr. are brothers.
TRUSTEE COMPENSATION
All of the Fund's Officers and Trustees also hold positions with other
investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group. No compensation is paid by
the Fund to any officer or Trustee who is an officer, trustee or employee of the
Investment Manager or its affiliates. Each Templeton Fund pays its independent
- 19 -
<PAGE>
directors and trustees and Mr. Brady an annual retainer and/or fees for
attendance at Board and Committee meetings, the amount of which is based on the
level of assets in each fund. Accordingly, the Fund currently pays the
independent Trustees and Mr. Brady an annual retainer of $1,000 and a fee of
$100 per meeting attended of the Board and its Committees. The independent
Trustees and Mr. Brady are reimbursed for any expenses incurred in attending
meetings, paid pro rata by each Franklin Templeton Fund in which they serve. No
pension or retirement benefits are accrued as part of Fund expenses.
The following table shows the total compensation paid to the
Trustees by the Fund and by all investment companies in the
Franklin Templeton Group:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Total Compensation
Aggregate Franklin Templeton from all Funds in
Compensation from Fund Boards on which Franklin Templeton
NAME OF TRUSTEE THE FUND* TRUSTEE SERVES GROUP**
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Harris J. Ashton $2,000 54 $319,925
Nicholas F. Brady 1,000 23 86,125
F. Bruce Clarke 3,000 19 95,275
Hasso-G von Diergardt-Naglo 2,000 19 75,275
S. Joseph Fortunato 2,000 56 336,065
John Wm. Galbraith 0 22 0
Andrew H. Hines, Jr. 3,500 23 106,125
Betty P. Krahmer 2,000 23 75,275
Gordon S. Macklin 2,000 51 303,685
Fred R. Millsaps 3,500 23 106,125
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* For the fiscal year ended August 31, 1994.
** For the calendar year ended December 31, 1994.
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
As of March 31, 1995 there were 10,181,156 Shares of the Fund
outstanding, of which 7,269 Shares (0.0714%) were owned beneficially, directly
or indirectly, by all the Trustees and officers of the Fund as a group. As of
March 31, 1995, to the knowledge of management, no person owned beneficially 5%
or more of the outstanding Shares, except Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith,
Inc., owned 527,373 Shares (5% of the outstanding Shares).
- 20 -
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT. The Investment Manager of the Fund is
Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger Ltd., a Bahamian corporation with offices in
Nassau, Bahamas. On April 15, 1994, the Investment Manager assumed the
investment management duties of Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc., a Florida
corporation, with respect to the Fund under the Investment Management Agreement.
The Investment Management Agreement dated October 30, 1992 (the "Agreement") was
approved by the Shareholders of the Fund on October 30, 1992, was last approved
by the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who were not
parties to the Agreement or interested persons of any such party, at a meeting
on December 6, 1994, and will run through December 31, 1995. The Agreement
continues from year to year subject to approval annually by the Board of
Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares of the Fund (as
defined in the 1940 Act) and also, in either event, with the approval of a
majority of those Trustees who are not parties to the Agreement or interested
persons of any such party in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval.
The Agreement requires the Investment Manager to manage the investment
and reinvestment of the Fund's assets. The Investment Manager is not required to
furnish any personnel, overhead items or facilities for the Fund, including
daily pricing or trading desk facilities, although such expenses are paid by
investment advisers of some other investment companies.
The Agreement provides that the Investment Manager will select brokers
and dealers for execution of the Fund's portfolio transactions consistent with
the Fund's brokerage policies (see "Brokerage Allocation"). Although the
services provided by broker-dealers in accordance with the brokerage policies
incidentally may help reduce the expenses of or otherwise benefit the Investment
Manager and other investment advisory clients of the Investment Manager and of
its affiliates, as well as the Fund, the value of such services is
indeterminable and the Investment Manager's fee is not reduced by any offset
arrangement by reason thereof.
When the Investment Manager determines to buy or sell the same security
for the Fund that the Investment Manager or certain of its affiliates have
selected for one or more of the Investment Manager's other clients or for
clients of its affiliates, the orders for all such securities trades may be
placed for execution by methods determined by the Investment Manager, with
approval by the Board of Trustees, to be impartial and fair, in order to seek
good results for all parties (see "Investment Objectives and Policies -- Trading
Policies"). Records of securities
- 21 -
<PAGE>
transactions of persons who know when orders are placed by the Fund are
available for inspection at least four times annually by the Compliance Officer
of the Fund so that the non-interested Trustees (as defined in the 1940 Act) can
be satisfied that the procedures are generally fair and equitable to all
parties.
The Agreement provides that the Investment Manager shall have no
liability to the Fund or any Shareholder of the Fund for any error of judgment,
mistake of law, or any loss arising out of any investment or other act or
omission in the performance by the Investment Manager of its duties under the
Agreement, except liability resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or
gross negligence on the Investment Manager's part or reckless disregard of its
duties under the Agreement. The Agreement will terminate automatically in the
event of its assignment, and may be terminated by the Fund at any time without
payment of any penalty on 60 days' written notice, with the approval of a
majority of the Trustees in office at the time or by vote of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act).
MANAGEMENT FEES. For its services, the Fund pays the Investment Manager
a monthly fee equal on an annual basis to 0.75% of its average daily net assets
during the year. Each class of Shares pays a portion of the fee, determined by
the proportion of the Fund that it represents. During the fiscal years ended
August 31, 1994, 1993, and 1992, the Investment Manager (and, prior to October
30, 1992, TGH, the Fund's previous investment manager) received from the Fund
under the Agreement and under agreements in effect prior to October 30, 1992
fees of $733,198, $341,213, and $265,021, respectively. The Investment Manager
will comply with any applicable state regulations which may require the
Investment Manager to make reimbursements to the Fund in the event that the
Fund's aggregate operating expenses, including the management fee, but generally
excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions and extraordinary expenses, are
in excess of specific applicable limitations. The strictest rule currently
applicable to the Fund is 2.5% of the first $30,000,000 of net assets, 2% of the
next $70,000,000 of net assets and 1.5% of the remainder.
THE INVESTMENT MANAGER. The Investment Manager is an
indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin, a publicly traded
company whose shares are listed on the NYSE. Charles B. Johnson
(a Trustee and Officer of the Fund) and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. (a
Trustee of the Fund) are principal shareholders of Franklin and
own, respectively, approximately 20% and 16% of its outstanding
shares. Messrs. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr.
are brothers.
- 22 -
<PAGE>
BUSINESS MANAGER. Templeton Global Investors, Inc. performs
certain administrative functions as Business Manager for the
Fund, including:
o providing office space, telephone, office equipment and
supplies for the Fund;
o paying compensation of the Fund's officers for services
rendered as such;
o authorizing expenditures and approving bills for
payment on behalf of the Fund;
o supervising preparation of annual and semiannual reports to
Shareholders, notices of dividends, capital gain distributions
and tax credits, and attending to routine correspondence and
other communications with individual Shareholders;
o daily pricing of the Fund's investment portfolio and preparing
and supervising publication of daily quotations of the bid and
asked prices of the Fund's Shares, earnings reports and other
financial data;
o monitoring relationships with organizations serving the
Fund, including the custodian and printers;
o providing trading desk facilities for the Fund;
o supervising compliance by the Fund with recordkeeping
requirements under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder, with state regulatory requirements, maintaining
books and records for the Fund (other than those maintained by
the custodian and transfer agent), and preparing and filing
tax reports other than the Fund's income tax returns;
o monitoring the qualifications of tax-deferred
retirement plans providing for investment in Shares of
the Fund; and
o providing executive, clerical and secretarial help
needed to carry out these responsibilities.
For its services, the Business Manager receives a monthly fee equal on
an annual basis to 0.15% of the first $200,000,000 of the Fund's average daily
net assets, reduced to 0.135% annually of such net assets in excess of
$200,000,000, further reduced to 0.1% annually of such net assets in excess of
$700,000,000, and further reduced to 0.075% annually of such net
- 23 -
<PAGE>
assets in excess of $1,200,000,000. Each class of Shares pays a portion of the
fee, determined by the proportion of the Fund that it represents. Since the
Business Manager's fee covers services often provided by investment advisers to
other funds, the Fund's combined expenses for advisory and administrative
services together may be higher than those of some other investment companies.
During the fiscal years ended August 31, 1994, 1993, and 1992, the Business
Manager (and, prior to April 1, 1993, Templeton Funds Management, Inc., the
previous business manager) received business management fees of $146,640,
$68,243, and $53,004, respectively.
The Business Manager is relieved of liability to the Fund for any act
or omission in the course of its performance under the Business Management
Agreement, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of its duties and obligations under the Agreement. The
Business Management Agreement may be terminated by the Fund at any time on 60
days' written notice without payment of penalty, provided that such termination
by the Fund shall be directed or approved by vote of a majority of the Trustees
of the Fund in office at the time or by vote of a majority of the outstanding
voting securities of the Fund, and shall terminate automatically and immediately
in the event of its assignment.
Templeton Global Investors, Inc. is an indirect wholly owned
subsidiary of Franklin.
CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT. The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A., serves as
Custodian of the Fund's assets, which are maintained at the Custodian's
principal office, MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11245, and at the offices
of its branches and agencies throughout the world. The Custodian has entered
into agreements with foreign sub-custodians approved by the Trustees pursuant to
Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act. The Custodian, its branches and sub-custodians
generally domestically, and frequently abroad, do not actually hold certificates
for the securities in their custody, but instead have book records with domestic
and foreign securities depositories, which in turn have book records with the
transfer agents of the issuers of the securities. Compensation for the services
of the Custodian is based on a schedule of charges agreed on from time to time.
Franklin Templeton Investor Services, Inc. serves as the Fund's
Transfer Agent. Services performed by the Transfer Agent include processing
purchase, transfer and redemption orders; making dividend payments, capital gain
distributions and reinvestments; and handling routine communications with
Shareholders. The Transfer Agent receives from the Fund an annual fee of $13.74
per Shareholder account plus out-of-pocket
- 24 -
<PAGE>
expenses. This fee is adjusted each year to reflect changes in
the Department of Labor Consumer Price Index.
LEGAL COUNSEL. Dechert Price & Rhoads, 1500 K Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20005, is legal counsel for the Fund.
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS. The firm of McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555 Fifth
Avenue, New York, New York 10017, serves as independent accountants for the
Fund. Its audit services comprise examination of the Fund's financial statements
and review of the Fund's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission
("SEC") and the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS").
REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS. The Fund's fiscal year ends on August 31.
Shareholders are provided at least semiannually with reports showing the Fund's
portfolio and other information, including an annual report with financial
statements audited by independent accountants. Shareholders who would like to
receive an interim quarterly report may phone the Fund Information Department at
1-800/DIAL BEN.
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION
The Investment Management Agreement provides that the Investment
Manager is responsible for selecting members of securities exchanges, brokers
and dealers (such members, brokers and dealers being hereinafter referred to as
"brokers") for the execution of the Fund's portfolio transactions and, when
applicable, the negotiation of commissions in connection therewith. All
decisions and placements are made in accordance with the following principles:
1. Purchase and sale orders are usually placed with
brokers who are selected by the Investment Manager as
able to achieve "best execution" of such orders. "Best
execution" means prompt and reliable execution at the
most favorable securities price, taking into account
the other provisions hereinafter set forth. The
determination of what may constitute best execution and
price in the execution of a securities transaction by a
broker involves a number of considerations, including,
without limitation, the overall direct net economic
result to the Fund (involving both price paid or
received and any commissions and other costs paid), the
efficiency with which the transaction is effected, the
ability to effect the transaction at all where a large
block is involved, availability of the broker to stand
ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the
future, and the financial strength and stability of the
broker. Such considerations are judgmental and are
- 25 -
<PAGE>
weighed by the Investment Manager in determining the
overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions.
2. In selecting brokers for portfolio transactions, the
Investment Manager takes into account its past experience as
to brokers qualified to achieve "best execution," including
brokers who specialize in any foreign securities held by the
Fund.
3. The Investment Manager is authorized to allocate
brokerage business to brokers who have provided
brokerage and research services, as such services are
defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 (the "1934 Act"), for the Fund and/or other
accounts, if any, for which the Investment Manager
exercises investment discretion (as defined in Section
3(a)(35) of the 1934 Act) and, as to transactions to
which fixed minimum commission rates are not
applicable, to cause the Fund to pay a commission for
effecting a securities transaction in excess of the
amount another broker would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Investment Manager in making
the selection in question determines in good faith that
such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to
the value of the brokerage and research services
provided by such broker, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Investment Manager's
overall responsibilities with respect to the Fund and
the other accounts, if any, as to which it exercises
investment discretion. In reaching such determination,
the Investment Manager is not required to place or
attempt to place a specific dollar value on the
research or execution services of a broker or on the
portion of any commission reflecting either of said
services. In demonstrating that such determinations
were made in good faith, the Investment Manager shall
be prepared to show that all commissions were allocated
and paid for purposes contemplated by the Fund's
brokerage policy; that the research services provide
lawful and appropriate assistance to the Investment
Manager in the performance of its investment
decision-making responsibilities; and that the
commissions paid were within a reasonable range. The
determination that commissions were within a reasonable
range shall be based on any available information as to
the level of commissions known to be charged by other
brokers on comparable transactions, but there shall be
taken into account the Fund's policies that (i)
obtaining a low commission is deemed secondary to
obtaining a favorable securities price, since it is
- 26 -
<PAGE>
recognized that usually it is more beneficial to the Fund to
obtain a favorable price than to pay the lowest commission;
and (ii) the quality, comprehensiveness and frequency of
research studies which are provided for the Investment Manager
are useful to the Investment Manager in performing its
advisory services under its Agreement with the Fund. Research
services provided by brokers to the Investment Manager are
considered to be in addition to, and not in lieu of, services
required to be performed by the Investment Manager under its
Investment Management Agreement with the Fund. Research
furnished by brokers through whom the Fund effects securities
transactions may be used by the Investment Manager for any of
its accounts, and not all such research may be used by the
Investment Manager for the Fund. When execution of portfolio
transactions is allocated to brokers trading on exchanges with
fixed brokerage commission rates, account may be taken of
various services provided by the broker, including quotations
outside the United States for daily pricing of foreign
securities held in the Fund's portfolio.
4. Purchases and sales of portfolio securities within the United
States other than on a securities exchange are executed with
primary market makers acting as principal, except where, in
the judgment of the Investment Manager, better prices and
execution may be obtained on a commission basis or from other
sources.
5. Sales of the Fund's Shares (which shall be deemed to
include Shares of other companies registered under the
1940 Act which have either the same investment adviser
or an investment adviser affiliated with the Fund's
Investment Manager) made by a broker are one factor
among others to be taken into account in deciding to
allocate portfolio transactions (including agency
transactions, principal transactions, purchases in
underwritings or tenders in response to tender offers)
for the account of the Fund to that broker; provided
that the broker shall furnish "best execution," as
defined in paragraph 1 above, and that such allocation
shall be within the scope of the Fund's other policies
as stated above; and provided further, that in every
allocation made to a broker in which the sale of Shares
is taken into account there shall be no increase in the
amount of the commissions or other compensation paid to
such broker beyond a reasonable commission or other
compensation determined, as set forth in paragraph 3
above, on the basis of best execution alone or best
execution plus research services, without taking
- 27 -
<PAGE>
account of or placing any value upon such sale of
Shares.
Insofar as known to management, no Trustee or officer of the Fund, nor
the Investment Manager or Principal Underwriter or any person affiliated with
either of them, has any material direct or indirect interest in any broker
employed by or on behalf of the Fund. Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc., the
Fund's Principal Underwriter, is a registered broker-dealer, but has never
executed any purchase or sale transactions for the Fund's portfolio or
participated in any commissions on any such transactions, and has no intention
of doing so in the future. The total brokerage commissions on the portfolio
transactions for the Fund during the fiscal years ended August 31, 1994, 1993,
and 1992, (not including any spreads or concessions on principal transactions)
were $412,000, $156,000, and $64,989, respectively. All portfolio transactions
are allocated to broker-dealers only when their prices and execution, in the
judgment of the Investment Manager, are equal to the best available within the
scope of the Fund's policies. There is no fixed method used in determining which
broker-dealers receive which order or how many orders.
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
The Prospectus describes the manner in which the Fund's Shares may be
purchased and redeemed. See "How to Buy Shares of the Fund" and "How to Sell
Shares of the Fund" in the Prospectus.
Net asset value per Share is determined as of the scheduled closing of
the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m., New York time), every Monday through Friday
(exclusive of national business holidays). The Fund's offices will be closed,
and net asset value will not be calculated, on those days on which the NYSE is
closed, which currently are: New Year's Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday,
Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Trading in securities on European and Far Eastern securities exchanges
and over-the-counter markets is normally completed well before the close of
business in New York on each day on which the NYSE is open. Trading of European
or Far Eastern securities generally, or in a particular country or countries,
may not take place on every New York business day. Furthermore, trading takes
place in various foreign markets on days which are not business days in New York
and on which the Fund's net asset value is not calculated. The Fund calculates
net asset value per Share, and therefore effects sales, redemptions and
repurchases of its Shares, as of the close of the NYSE once on each day on which
that Exchange is open. Such calculation does not take place
- 28 -
<PAGE>
contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of many of the portfolio
securities used in such calculation and if events occur which materially affect
the value of those foreign securities, they will be valued at fair market value
as determined by the management and approved in good faith by the Board of
Trustees.
The Board of Trustees may establish procedures under which the Fund may
suspend the determination of net asset value for the whole or any part of any
period during which (1) the NYSE is closed other than for customary weekend and
holiday closings, (2) trading on the NYSE is restricted, (3) an emergency exists
as a result of which disposal of securities owned by the Fund is not reasonably
practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine
the value of its net assets, or (4) for such other period as the SEC may by
order permit for the protection of the holders of the Fund's Shares.
OWNERSHIP AND AUTHORITY DISPUTES. In the event of disputes involving
multiple claims of ownership or authority to control a Shareholder's account,
the Fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (1) freeze the account and
require the written agreement of all persons deemed by the Fund to have a
potential property interest in the account, prior to executing instructions
regarding the account; or (2) interplead disputed funds or accounts with a court
of competent jurisdiction. Moreover, the Fund may surrender ownership of all or
a portion of an account to the IRS in response to a Notice of Levy.
In addition to the special purchase plans described in the Prospectus,
other special purchase plans also are available:
TAX-DEFERRED RETIREMENT PLANS. The Fund offers its
Shareholders the opportunity to participate in the following
types of retirement plans:
o For individuals whether or not covered by other
qualified plans;
o For simplified employee pensions;
o For employees of tax-exempt organizations; and
o For corporations, self-employed individuals and
partnerships.
Capital gains and income received by the foregoing plans generally are
exempt from taxation until distribution from the plans. Investors considering
participation in any such plan should review specific tax laws relating thereto
and should
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consult their attorneys or tax advisers with respect to the establishment and
maintenance of any such plan. Additional information, including the fees and
charges with respect to all of these plans, is available upon request to the
Principal Underwriter. No distribution under a retirement plan will be made
until Franklin Templeton Trust Company ("FTTC") receives the participant's
election on IRS Form W-4P (available on request from FTTC) and such other
documentation as it deems necessary, as to whether or not U.S. income tax is to
be withheld from such distribution.
INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNT (IRA). All individuals (whether or not
covered by qualified private or governmental retirement plans) may purchase
Shares of the Fund pursuant to an IRA. However, contributions to an IRA by an
individual who is covered by a qualified private or governmental plan may not be
tax-deductible depending on the individual's income. Custodial services for IRAs
are available through FTTC. Disclosure statements summarizing certain aspects of
IRAs are furnished to all persons investing in such accounts, in accordance with
IRS regulations.
SIMPLIFIED EMPLOYEE PENSIONS (SEP-IRA). For employers who wish to
establish a simplified form of employee retirement program investing in Shares
of the Fund, there are available Simplified Employee Pensions invested in IRA
plans. Details and materials relating to these plans will be furnished upon
request to the Principal Underwriter.
RETIREMENT PLAN FOR EMPLOYEES OF TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS (403(B)).
Employees of public school systems and certain types of charitable organizations
may enter into a deferred compensation arrangement for the purchase of Shares of
the Fund without being taxed currently on the investment. Contributions which
are made by the employer through salary reduction are excludable from the gross
income of the employee. Such deferred compensation plans, which are intended to
qualify under Section 403(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the "Code"), are available through the Principal Underwriter.
Custodial services are provided by FTTC.
QUALIFIED PLAN FOR CORPORATIONS, SELF-EMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS AND
PARTNERSHIPS. For employers who wish to purchase Shares of the Fund in
conjunction with employee retirement plans, there is a prototype master plan
which has been approved by the IRS. A "Section 401(k) plan" is also available.
FTTC furnishes custodial services for these plans. For further details,
including custodian fees and plan administration services, see the master plan
and related material which is available from the Principal Underwriter.
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LETTER OF INTENT. Purchasers who intend to invest $50,000 or more in
Class I Shares of the Fund or any other fund in the Franklin Group of Funds and
the Templeton Family of Funds, except Templeton Capital Accumulator Fund, Inc.,
Templeton Variable Annuity Fund, Templeton Variable Products Series Fund,
Franklin Valuemark Funds and Franklin Government Securities Trust (the "Franklin
Templeton Funds"), within 13 months (whether in one lump sum or in installments,
the first of which may not be less than 5% of the total intended amount and each
subsequent installment not less than $25 unless the investor is a qualifying
employee benefit plan (the "Benefit Plan"), including automatic investment and
payroll deduction plans), and to beneficially hold the total amount of such
Class I Shares fully paid for and outstanding simultaneously for at least one
full business day before the expiration of that period, should execute a Letter
of Intent ("LOI") on the form provided in the Shareholder Application in the
Prospectus. Payment for not less than 5% of the total intended amount must
accompany the executed LOI unless the investor is a Benefit Plan. Except for
purchases of Shares by a Benefit Plan, those Class I Shares purchased with the
first 5% of the intended amount stated in the LOI will be held as "Escrowed
Shares" for as long as the LOI remains unfulfilled. Although the Escrowed Shares
are registered in the investor's name, his full ownership of them is conditional
upon fulfillment of the LOI. No Escrowed Shares can be redeemed by the investor
for any purpose until the LOI is fulfilled or terminated. If the LOI is
terminated for any reason other than fulfillment, the Transfer Agent will redeem
that portion of the Escrowed Shares required and apply the proceeds to pay any
adjustment that may be appropriate to the sales commission on all Class I Shares
(including the Escrowed Shares) already purchased under the LOI and apply any
unused balance to the investor's account. The LOI is not a binding obligation to
purchase any amount of Shares, but its execution will result in the purchaser
paying a lower sales charge at the appropriate quantity purchase level. A
purchase not originally made pursuant to an LOI may be included under a
subsequent LOI executed within 90 days of such purchase. In this case, an
adjustment will be made at the end of 13 months from the effective date of the
LOI at the net asset value per Share then in effect, unless the investor makes
an earlier written request to the Principal Underwriter upon fulfilling the
purchase of Shares under the LOI. In addition, the aggregate value of any
Shares, including Class II Shares, purchased prior to the 90-day period referred
to above may be applied to purchases under a current LOI in fulfilling the total
intended purchases under the LOI. However, no adjustment of sales charges
previously paid on purchases prior to the 90-day period will be made.
If an LOI is executed on behalf of a benefit plan (such plans are
described under "How to Buy Shares of the Fund -- Net
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<PAGE>
Asset Value Purchases (Both Classes)" in the Prospectus), the level and any
reduction in sales charge for these employee benefit plans will be based on
actual plan participation and the projected investments in the Franklin
Templeton Funds under the LOI. Benefit Plans are not subject to the requirement
to reserve 5% of the total intended purchase, or to any penalty as a result of
the early termination of a plan, nor are Benefit Plans entitled to receive
retroactive adjustments in price for investments made before executing LOIs.
SPECIAL NET ASSET VALUE PURCHASES. As discussed in the Prospectus under
"How to Buy Shares of the Fund - Description of Special Net Asset Value
Purchases," certain categories of investors may purchase Class I Shares of the
Fund at net asset value (without a front-end or contingent deferred sales
charge). Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. ("FTD") or one of its affiliates
may make payments, out of its own resources, to securities dealers who initiate
and are responsible for such purchases, as indicated below. FTD may make these
payments in the form of contingent advance payments, which may require
reimbursement from the securities dealers with respect to certain redemptions
made within 12 months of the calendar month following purchase, as well as other
conditions, all of which may be imposed by an agreement between FTD, or its
affiliates, and the securities dealer.
The following amounts will be paid by FTD or one of its affiliates, out
of its own resources, to securities dealers who initiate and are responsible for
(i) purchases of most equity and fixed-income Franklin Templeton Funds made at
net asset value by certain designated retirement plans (excluding IRA and IRA
rollovers): 1.00% on sales of $1 million but less than $2 millon, plus 0.80% on
sales of $2 million but less than $3 million, plus 0.50% on sales of $3 million
but less than $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales of $50 million but less than $100
million, plus 0.15% on sales of $100 million or more; and (ii) purchases of most
fixed-income Franklin Templeton Funds made at net asset value by non-designated
retirement plans: 0.75% on sales of $1 million but less than $2 million, plus
0.60% on sales of $2 million but less than $3 million, plus 0.50% on sales of $3
million but less than $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales of $50 million but less
than $100 million, plus 0.15% on sales of $100 million or more. These payment
breakpoints are reset every 12 months for purposes of additional purchases. With
respect to purchases made at net asset value by certain trust companies and
trust departments of banks and certain retirement plans of organizations with
collective retirement plan assets of $10 million or more, FTD, or one of its
affiliates, out of its own resources, may pay up to 1% of the amount invested.
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Under agreements with certain banks in Taiwan, Republic of China, the
Fund's Shares are available to such banks' discretionary trust funds at net
asset value. The banks may charge service fees to their customers who
participate in the discretionary trusts. Pursuant to agreements, a portion of
such service fees may be paid to FTD, or an affiliate of FTD to help defray
expenses of maintaining a service office in Taiwan, including expenses related
to local literature fulfillment and communication facilities.
TAX STATUS
The Fund intends normally to pay a dividend at least once annually
representing substantially all of its net investment income and to distribute at
least annually any realized capital gains. By so doing and meeting certain
diversification of assets and other requirements of the Code, the Fund intends
to qualify annually as a regulated investment company under the Code. The status
of the Fund as a regulated investment company does not involve government
supervision of management or of its investment practices or policies. As a
regulated investment company, the Fund generally will be relieved of liability
for United States Federal income tax on that portion of its net investment
income (which includes, among other items, dividends and interest) and net
realized capital gains which it distributes to its Shareholders. Amounts not
distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution
requirement also are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax. To prevent
application of the excise tax, the Fund intends to make distributions in
accordance with the calendar year distribution requirement.
Among other things, in order for the Fund to qualify as a regulated
investment company, at least 90% of its income for each taxable year must be
so-called "qualifying income" (e.g., interest, dividends, gains from the sale or
other disposition of stocks and securities, and other income (including gains
from options, futures, and forward contracts) derived with respect to the
business of investing in stocks or securities). Certain of the debt securities
acquired by the Fund may be secured in whole or in part by interests in real
estate. If the Fund were to acquire real estate (by foreclosure, for example),
income, if any, generated by that real estate (including rental income and gain
on its disposition) may not be regarded as qualifying income. If the Fund's
non-qualifying income for a taxable year exceeded 10% of its gross income, it
would fail to qualify as a regulated investment company and it would be taxed in
the same manner as an ordinary corporation. In that case, the Fund would be
ineligible to deduct its distributions to its Shareholders and those
distributions, to the extent derived from the Fund's
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current and accumulated earnings and profits, would constitute dividends (which
may be eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction) which are
taxable to Shareholders as ordinary income, even though those distributions
might otherwise, at least in part, have been treated in the Shareholder's hands
as long-term capital gain. If the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated
investment company in a given taxable year, it must distribute its earnings and
profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a regulated
investment company.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar
year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax. To
prevent application of the tax, the Fund must distribute or be deemed to have
distributed with respect to each calendar year an amount equal to the sum of:
(1) at least 98% of its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital
gains or losses) for the calendar year; (2) at least 98% of its capital gains in
excess of its capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the
12-month period ending on October 31 of the calendar year; and (3) all taxable
ordinary income and capital gains for previous years that were not distributed
during such years. A distribution will be treated as paid on December 31 of the
calendar year if it is declared by the Fund in October, November, or December of
that year to Shareholders of record on a date in such a month and paid by the
Fund during January of the following calendar year. Such distributions will be
treated as received by Shareholders in the calendar year in which the
distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the
distributions are received.
Dividends of net investment income and net short-term capital gains are
taxable to Shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of net investment
income may be eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction to the
extent attributable to the Fund's qualifying dividend income. However, the
alternative minimum tax applicable to corporations may reduce the benefit of the
dividends-received deduction. Distributions of net capital gains (the excess of
net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) designated by
the Fund as capital gain dividends are taxable to Shareholders as long-term
capital gains, regardless of the length of time the Fund's Shares have been held
by a Shareholder, and are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction.
Generally, dividends and distributions are taxable to Shareholders, whether
received in cash or reinvested in Shares of the Fund. Any distributions that are
not from the Fund's investment company taxable income or net capital gain may be
characterized as a return of capital to Shareholders or, in some cases, as
capital gain. Shareholders will be notified annually as to the Federal tax
status of
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<PAGE>
dividends and distributions they receive and any tax withheld
thereon.
Distributions by the Fund reduce the net asset value of the Fund
Shares. Should a distribution reduce the net asset value below a Shareholder's
cost basis, the distribution nevertheless would be taxable to the Shareholder as
ordinary income or capital gain as described above, even though, from an
investment standpoint, it may constitute a partial return of capital. In
particular, investors should be careful to consider the tax implications of
buying Shares just prior to a distribution by the Fund. The price of Shares
purchased at that time includes the amount of the forthcoming distribution, but
the distribution will generally be taxable to them.
The Fund may invest in real estate investment trusts ("REITs") that
hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits ("REMICs").
Under Treasury regulations that have not yet been issued, but may apply
retroactively, a portion of the Fund's income from a REIT that is attributable
to the REITs residual interest in a REMIC (referred to in the Code as an "excess
inclusion") will be subject to Federal income tax in all events. These
regulations are also expected to provide that excess inclusion income of a
regulated investment company, such as the Fund, will be allocated to
shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends
received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders
held the related REMIC residual interest directly. In general, excess inclusion
income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses
(subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will
constitute unrelated business taxable income to entities (including a qualified
pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or
other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on unrelated business income, thereby
potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income,
and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return
and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will
not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if
at any time during any taxable year a "disqualified organization" (as defined in
the Code) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then
the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion
of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the
disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate
imposed on corporations. The Investment Manager does not intend on behalf of the
Fund to invest in REITs, a substantial portion of the assets of which consists
of residual interests in REMICs.
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<PAGE>
The Fund may invest in stocks of foreign companies that are classified
under the Code as passive foreign investment companies ("PFICs"). In general, a
foreign company is classified as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets
constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is
investment-type income. Under the PFIC rules, an "excess distribution" received
with respect to PFIC stock is treated as having been realized ratably over the
period during which the Fund held the PFIC stock. The Fund itself will be
subject to tax on the portion, if any, of the excess distribution that is
allocated to the Fund's holding period in prior taxable years (and an interest
factor will be added to the tax, as if the tax had actually been payable in such
prior taxable years) even though the Fund distributes the corresponding income
to Shareholders. Excess distributions include any gain from the sale of PFIC
stock as well as certain distributions from a PFIC. All excess distributions are
taxable as ordinary income.
The Fund may be able to elect alternative tax treatment with respect to
PFIC stock. Under an election that currently may be available, the Fund
generally would be required to include in its gross income its share of the
earnings of a PFIC on a current basis, regardless of whether any distributions
are received from the PFIC. If this election were made, the special rules,
discussed above, relating to the taxation of excess distributions, would not
apply. In addition, another election may be available that would involve marking
to market the Fund's PFIC shares at the end of each taxable year (and on certain
other dates prescribed in the Code), with the result that unrealized gains are
treated as though they were realized. If this election were made, tax at the
fund level under the PFIC rules would generally be eliminated, but the Fund
could, in limited circumstances, incur nondeductible interest charges. The
Fund's intention to qualify annually as a regulated investment company may limit
its elections with respect to PFIC shares.
Because the application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other
things, the character of gains, the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the
recognition of income with respect to PFIC stock, as well as subject the Fund
itself to tax on certain income from PFIC stock, the amount that must be
distributed to Shareholders, and which will be taxed to Shareholders as ordinary
income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as
compared to a fund that did not invest in PFIC stock.
Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may
be subject to withholding and other income or similar taxes imposed by such
countries. If more than 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets at the close
of its taxable year
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<PAGE>
consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible and
intends to elect to "pass through" to the Fund's Shareholders the amount of
foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Pursuant to this election, a Shareholder will be
required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually
received) his pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund, and will be
entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) his pro rata share of
foreign income and similar taxes in computing his taxable income or to use it as
a foreign tax credit against his U.S. Federal income tax liability, subject to
limitations. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by a Shareholder who
does not itemize deductions, but such a Shareholder may be eligible to claim the
foreign tax credit (see below). Each Shareholder will be notified within 60 days
after the close of the Fund's taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the
Fund will "pass through" for that year.
Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that
it may not exceed the Shareholder's U.S. tax attributable to his foreign source
taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the
source of the Fund's income flows through to its Shareholders. With respect to
the Fund, gains from the sale of securities will be treated as derived from U.S.
sources and certain currency fluctuation gains, including fluctuation gains from
foreign currency-denominated debt securities, receivables and payables, will be
treated as ordinary income derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the
foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income (as
defined for purposes of the foreign tax credit), including the foreign source
passive income passed through by the Fund. Shareholders may be unable to claim a
credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes
paid by the Fund. Foreign taxes may not be deducted in computing alternative
minimum taxable income and the foreign tax credit can be used to offset only 90%
of the alternative minimum tax (as computed under the Code for purposes of this
limitation) imposed on corporations and individuals. If the Fund is not eligible
to make the election to "pass through" to its Shareholders its foreign taxes,
the foreign income taxes it pays generally will reduce investment company
taxable income and the distributions by the Fund will be treated as United
States source income.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts in which the
Fund may invest are "section 1256 contracts." Gains or losses on section 1256
contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital
gains or losses ("60/40"); however, foreign currency gains or losses (as
discussed below) arising from certain section 1256 contracts may be treated as
ordinary income or loss. Also, section 1256 contracts held by
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<PAGE>
the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and at certain other times prescribed
pursuant to the Code) are "marked-to-market" with the result that unrealized
gains or losses are treated as though they were realized.
Generally, the hedging transactions undertaken by the Fund may result
in "straddles" for U.S. Federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may
affect the character of gains (or losses) realized by the Fund. In addition,
losses realized by the Fund on positions that are part of a straddle may be
deferred under the straddle rules, rather than being taken into account in
calculating the taxable income for the taxable year in which the losses are
realized. Because only a few regulations implementing the straddle rules have
been promulgated, the tax consequences to the Fund of hedging transactions are
not entirely clear. The hedging transactions may increase the amount of
short-term capital gain realized by the Fund which is taxed as ordinary income
when distributed to Shareholders.
The Fund may make one or more of the elections available under the Code
which are applicable to straddles. If the Fund makes any of the elections, the
amount, character, and timing of the recognition of gains or losses from the
affected straddle positions will be determined under rules that vary according
to the election(s) made. The rules applied under certain of the elections may
operate to accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected
straddle positions.
Because application of the straddle rules may affect the character of
gains or losses, defer losses and/or accelerate the recognition of gains or
losses from the affected straddle positions, the amount which must be
distributed to Shareholders and which will be taxed to Shareholders as ordinary
income or long-term capital gain may be increased or decreased as compared to a
fund that did not engage in such hedging transactions.
Requirements relating to the Fund's tax status as a regulated
investment company may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage
in transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts.
Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in foreign
currency exchange rates which occur between the time the Fund accrues income or
other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a
foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or
pays such liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss.
Similarly, on disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency
and on disposition of certain financial contracts, forward contracts, and
options, gains or losses
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<PAGE>
attributable to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency between the date
of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also are
treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the
Code as "section 988" gains and losses, may increase or decrease the amount of
the Fund's net investment income to be distributed to its Shareholders as
ordinary income. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may increase the
amount of income that the Fund must distribute in order to qualify for treatment
as a regulated investment company and to prevent application of an excise tax on
undistributed income. Alternatively, fluctuations in exchange rates may decrease
or eliminate income available for distribution. If section 988 losses exceed
other net investment income during a taxable year, the Fund would not be able to
make ordinary dividend distributions, or distributions made before the losses
were realized would be recharacterized as a return of capital to Shareholders
for Federal income tax purposes, rather than as an ordinary dividend, reducing
each Shareholder's basis in his Fund Shares, or as a capital gain.
Upon the sale or exchange of his Shares, a Shareholder will realize a
taxable gain or loss depending upon his basis in the Shares. Such gain or loss
will be treated as capital gain or loss if the Shares are capital assets in the
Shareholder's hands, and generally will be long-term if the Shareholder's
holding period for the Shares is more than one year and generally otherwise will
be short-term. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the
extent that the Shares disposed of are replaced (including replacement through
the reinvesting of dividends and capital gain distributions in the Fund) within
a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the
disposition of the Shares. In such a case, the basis of the Shares acquired will
be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a Shareholder
on the sale of Fund Shares held by the Shareholder for six months or less will
be treated for Federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the
extent of any distributions of long-term capital gains received by the
Shareholder with respect to such Shares.
Under certain circumstances, the sales charge incurred in acquiring
Shares of the Fund may not be taken into account in determining the gain or loss
on the disposition of those Shares. This rule applies where Shares of the Fund
are exchanged within 90 days after the date they were purchased and new Shares
of the Fund or another eligible regulated investment company are acquired
without a sales charge or at a reduced sales charge. In that case, the gain or
loss recognized on the exchange will be determined by excluding from the tax
basis of the Shares exchanged all or a portion of the sales charge incurred in
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<PAGE>
acquiring those Shares. This exclusion applies to the extent that the otherwise
applicable sales charge with respect to the newly acquired Shares is reduced as
a result of having incurred a sales charge initially. The portion of the sales
charge affected by this rule will be treated as a sales charge paid for the new
Shares.
The Fund generally will be required to withhold Federal income tax at a
rate of 31% ("backup withholding") from dividends paid, capital gain
distributions, and redemption proceeds to Shareholders if (1) the Shareholder
fails to furnish the Fund with the Shareholder's correct taxpayer identification
number or social security number and to make such certifications as the Fund may
require, (2) the IRS notifies the Shareholder or the Fund that the Shareholder
has failed to report properly certain interest and dividend income to the IRS
and to respond to notices to that effect, or (3) when required to do so, the
Shareholder fails to certify that he is not subject to backup withholding. Any
amounts withheld may be credited against the Shareholder's Federal income tax
liability.
Distributions also may be subject to state, local and
foreign taxes. U.S. tax rules applicable to foreign investors
may differ significantly from those outlined above. Shareholders
are advised to consult their own tax advisers for details with
respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an
investment in the Fund.
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER
Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. ("FTD" or the
"Principal Underwriter"), P.O. Box 33030, St. Petersburg, Florida
33733-8030, toll free telephone (800) 237-0738, is the Principal
Underwriter of the Fund's Shares. FTD is a wholly owned
subsidiary of Franklin.
The Fund, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, has adopted a
Distribution Plan with respect to each class of Shares (the "Plans"). Under the
Plan adopted with respect to Class I Shares, the Fund may reimburse the
Principal Underwriter or others quarterly (subject to a limit of 0.25% per annum
of the Fund's average daily net assets attributable to Class I Shares) for costs
and expenses incurred by FTD or others in connection with any activity which is
primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund Shares. Under the Plan adopted
with respect to Class II Shares, the Fund will pay FTD or others quarterly
(subject to a limit of $1.00% per annum of the Fund's average daily assets
attributable to Class II Shares of which up to 0.25% of such net assets may be
paid to dealers for personal service and/or maintenance of Shareholder accounts)
for costs and
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expenses incurred by FTD or others in connection with any activity which is
primarily intended to result in the sale of the Fund's Shares. Payments to FTD
or others could be for various types of activities, including (1) payments to
broker-dealers who provide certain services of value to the Fund's Shareholders
(sometimes referred to as a "trail fee"); (2) reimbursement of expenses relating
to selling and servicing efforts or of organizing and conducting sales seminars;
(3) payments to employees or agents of the Principal Underwriter who engage in
or support distribution of Shares; (4) payments of the costs of preparing,
printing and distributing Prospectuses and reports to prospective investors and
of printing and advertising expenses; (5) payment of dealer commissions and
wholesaler compensation in connection with sales of Fund Shares and interest or
carrying charges in connection therewith; and (6) such other similar services as
the Fund's Board of Trustees determines to be reasonably calculated to result in
the sale of Shares. Under the Plan adopted with respect to Class I Shares, the
costs and expenses not reimbursed in any one given quarter (including costs and
expenses not reimbursed because they exceed 0.25% of the Fund's average daily
net assets attributable to Class I Shares) may be reimbursed in subsequent
quarters or years.
During the fiscal year ended August 31, 1994, FTD incurred costs and
expenses of $245,069 in connection with distribution of Class I Shares of the
Fund. During the same period, the Fund made reimbursements pursuant to the Plan
in the amount of $244,400. As indicated above, unreimbursed expenses, which
amount to $669 for Class I Shares of the Fund, may be reimbursed by the Fund
during the fiscal year ending August 31, 1995 or in subsequent years. In the
event that the Plan is terminated, the Fund will not be liable to FTD for any
unreimbursed expenses that had been carried forward from previous months or
years. During the fiscal year ended August 31, 1994, FTD spent, pursuant to the
Plan, the following amounts on: compensation to dealers, $189,177; sales
promotion, $1,949; printing, $42,525; advertising, $66; and wholesale costs and
expenses, $11,352.
The Distribution Agreement provides that the Principal Underwriter will
use its best efforts to maintain a broad distribution of the Fund's Shares among
bona fide investors and may sign selling agreements with responsible dealers, as
well as sell to individual investors. The Shares are sold only at the Offering
Price in effect at the time of sale, and the Fund receives not less than the
full net asset value of the Shares sold. The discount between the Offering Price
and the net asset value may be retained by the Principal Underwriter or it may
reallow all or any part of such discount to dealers. During the fiscal years
ended August 31, 1994, 1993, and 1992, FTD (and, prior to June 1, 1993,
Templeton Funds Distributor, Inc.)
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retained of such discount $422,672, $141,190, and $51,868, or approximately
15.52%, 16%, and 11.42%, respectively.
The Distribution Agreement provides that the Fund shall pay the costs
and expenses incident to registering and qualifying its Shares for sale under
the Securities Act of 1933 and under the applicable Blue Sky laws of the
jurisdictions in which the Principal Underwriter desires to distribute such
Shares, and for preparing, printing and distributing prospectuses and reports to
Shareholders. The Principal Underwriter pays the cost of printing additional
copies of prospectuses and reports to Shareholders used for selling purposes.
(The Fund pays costs of preparation, set-up and initial supply of the Fund's
prospectus for existing Shareholders.)
The Distribution Agreement is subject to renewal from year to year in
accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act and terminates automatically in
the event of its assignment. The Distribution Agreement may be terminated
without penalty by either party upon 60 days' written notice to the other,
provided termination by the Fund shall be approved by the Board of Trustees or a
majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Shareholders. The Principal
Underwriter is relieved of liability for any act or omission in the course of
its performance of the Distribution Agreement, in the absence of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its
obligations.
FTD is the principal underwriter for the other Templeton Funds.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
The Shares have non-cumulative voting rights so that the holders of a
plurality of the Shares voting for the election of Trustees at a meeting at
which 50% of the outstanding Shares are present can elect all the Trustees and,
in such event, the holders of the remaining Shares voting for the election of
Trustees will not be able to elect any person or persons to the Board of
Trustees.
The Declaration of Trust provides that the holders of not less than
two-thirds of the outstanding Shares of the Fund may remove a person serving as
Trustee either by declaration in writing or at a meeting called for such
purpose. The Trustees are required to call a meeting for the purpose of
considering the removal of a person serving as Trustee if requested in writing
to do so by the holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding Shares of the
Fund. In addition, the Fund is required to assist
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Shareholder communication in connection with the calling of a Shareholder
meeting to consider the removal of a Trustee.
Under Massachusetts law, Shareholders could, under certain
circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund.
However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims liability of the Shareholders,
Trustees or officers of the Fund for acts or obligations of the Fund, which are
binding only on the assets and property of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust
provides for indemnification out of Fund property for all loss and expenses of
any Shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. The risk
of a Shareholder incurring financial loss on account of Shareholder liability is
limited to circumstances in which the Fund itself would be unable to meet its
obligations and, thus, should be considered remote.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
The Fund may, from time to time, include its total return in
advertisements or reports to Shareholders or prospective investors. Quotations
of average annual total return for the Fund will be expressed in terms of the
average annual compounded rate of return for periods in excess of one year or
the total return for periods less than one year of a hypothetical investment in
the Fund over a period of one, five and ten years (or, if less, up to the life
of the Fund) calculated pursuant to the following formula: P(1 + T)n = ERV
(where P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000, T = the average annual
total return for periods of one year or more or the total return for periods of
less than one year, n = the number of years, and ERV = the ending redeemable
value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the period). All
total return figures reflect the deduction of the maximum initial sales charge
and deduction of a proportional share of Fund expenses on an annual basis, and
assume that all dividends and distributions are reinvested when paid. The
average annualized total return for the one-year period ended August 31, 1994
and for the period from commencement of operations on September 12, 1989 to
August 31, 1994 was 3.33% and 8.73%, respectively.
Performance information for the Fund may be compared, in reports and
promotional literature, to: (i) the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index, Dow Jones
Industrial Average, or other unmanaged indices so that investors may compare the
Fund's results with those of a group of unmanaged securities widely regarded by
investors as representative of the securities market in general; (ii) other
groups of mutual funds tracked by Lipper Analytical Services, Inc., a widely
used independent research firm which ranks mutual funds by overall performance,
investment objectives and assets, or tracked by other services, companies,
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publications, or persons who rank mutual funds on overall performance or other
criteria; and (iii) the Consumer Price Index (measure for inflation) to assess
the real rate of return from an investment in the Fund. Unmanaged indices may
assume the reinvestment of dividends but generally do not reflect deductions for
administrative and management costs and expenses.
Performance information for the Fund reflects only the performance of a
hypothetical investment in the Fund during the particular time period on which
the calculations are based. Performance information should be considered in
light of the Fund's investment objectives and policies, characteristics and
quality of the portfolio and the market conditions during the given time period,
and should not be considered as a representation of what may be achieved in the
future.
From time to time, the Fund and the Investment Manager may also refer
to the following information:
1. The Investment Manager's and its affiliates' market share of
international equities managed in mutual funds prepared or
published by Strategic Insight or a similar statistical
organization.
2. The performance of U.S. equity and debt markets
relative to foreign markets prepared or published by
Morgan Stanley Capital International or a similar
financial organization.
3. The capitalization of U.S. and foreign stock markets as
prepared or published by the International Finance
Corporation, Morgan Stanley Capital International or a
similar financial organization.
4. The geographic distribution of the Fund's portfolio.
5. The gross national product and populations, including age
characteristics, literacy rates, foreign investment
improvements due to a liberalization of securities laws and a
reduction of foreign exchange controls, and improving
communication technology, of various countries as published by
various statistical organizations.
6. To assist investors in understanding the different
returns and risk characteristics of various
investments, the Fund may show historical returns of
various investments and published indices (E.G.,
Ibbotson Associates, Inc. Charts and Morgan Stanley
EAFE - Index).
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<PAGE>
7. The major industries located in various jurisdictions
as published by the Morgan Stanley Index.
8. Rankings by DALBAR Surveys, Inc. with respect to mutual
fund shareholder services.
9. Allegorical stories illustrating the importance of
persistent long-term investing.
10. The Fund's portfolio turnover rate and its ranking
relative to industry standards as published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. or Morningstar, Inc.
11. A description of the Templeton organization's investment
management philosophy and approach, including its worldwide
search for undervalued or "bargain" securities and its
diversification by industry, nation and type of stocks or
other securities.
12. Quotations from the Templeton organization's founder,
Sir John Templeton,* advocating the virtues of
diversification and long-term investing, including the
following:
o "Never follow the crowd. Superior performance is
possible only if you invest differently from the
crowd."
o "Diversify by company, by industry and by
country."
o "Always maintain a long-term perspective."
o "Invest for maximum total real return."
o "Invest - don't trade or speculate."
o "Remain flexible and open-minded about types of
investment."
o "Buy low."
- --------
* Sir John Templeton sold the Templeton organization to
Franklin Resources, Inc. in October, 1992 and resigned from
the Fund's Board on April 16, 1995. He is no longer
involved with the investment management process.
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<PAGE>
o "When buying stocks, search for bargains among
quality stocks."
o "Buy value, not market trends or the economic
outlook."
o "Diversify. In stocks and bonds, as in much else,
there is safety in numbers."
o "Do your homework or hire wise experts to help
you."
o "Aggressively monitor your investments."
o "Don't panic."
o "Learn from your mistakes."
o "Outperforming the market is a difficult task."
o "An investor who has all the answers doesn't even
understand all the questions."
o "There's no free lunch."
o "And now the last principle: Do not be fearful or
negative too often."
In addition, the Fund and the Investment Manager may also refer to the
number of Shareholders in the Fund or the aggregate number of shareholders of
the Franklin Templeton Funds or the dollar amount of fund and private account
assets under management in advertising materials.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements contained in the Annual Report to Shareholders
of Templeton Real Estate Securities Fund dated August 31, 1994 are incorporated
herein by reference.
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