o482 P-1
SUPPLEMENT DATED JANUARY 1, 2000
TO THE PROSPECTUS OF
FRANKLIN VALUE FUND
dated March 1, 1999
The prospectus is amended as follows:
I. The following sentence is added after the minimum investments table on
page 21:
Please note that you may only buy shares of a fund eligible for sale in your
state or jurisdiction.
II. In the Selling Shares table on page 27 the section "By Wire" is replaced
with the following:
By Electronic Funds Transfer (ACH)
You can call or write to have redemption proceeds sent to a bank account. See
the policies above for selling shares by mail or phone.
Before requesting to have redemption proceeds sent to a bank account, please
make sure we have your bank account information on file. If we do not have
this information, you will need to send written instructions with your bank's
name and address, a voided check or savings account deposit slip, and a
signature guarantee if the ownership of the bank and fund accounts is
different.
If we receive your request in proper form by 1:00 p.m. Pacific time, proceeds
sent by ACH generally will be available within two to three business days.
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III. The sections "Waivers for investments from certain payments," "Waivers
for certain investors," "CDSC waivers" and "Retirement plans," on pages 19
through 21, are replaced with the following:
SALES CHARGE WAIVERS Class A shares may be purchased without an initial
sales charge or CDSC by various individuals, institutions and retirement
plans or by investors who reinvest certain distributions and proceeds within
365 days. Certain investors also may buy Class C shares without an initial
sales charge. The CDSC for each class may be waived for certain redemptions
and distributions. If you would like information about available sales
charge waivers, call your investment representative or call Shareholder
Services at 1-800/632-2301. For information about retirement plans, you may
call Retirement Plan Services at 1-800/527-2020. A list of available sales
charge waivers also may be found in the Statement of Additional Information
(SAI).
IV. The section "Dealer compensation" on page 30 is replaced with the
following:
DEALER COMPENSATION Qualifying dealers who sell fund shares may receive
sales commissions and other payments. These are paid by Franklin Templeton
Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) from sales charges, distribution and
service (12b-1) fees and its other resources.
Class A Class B Class C
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Commission (%) -- 4.00 2.00
Investment under $50,000 5.00 -- --
$50,000 but under $100,000 3.75 -- --
$100,000 but under $250,000 2.80 -- --
$250,000 but under $500,000 2.00 -- --
$500,000 but under $1 million 1.60 -- --
$1 million or more up to 1.00 1 -- --
12b-1 fee to dealer 0.35 0.25 2 1.00 3
A dealer commission of up to 1% may be paid on Class A NAV purchases by
certain retirement plans1 and on Class C NAV purchases. A dealer commission
of up to 0.25% may be paid on Class A NAV purchases by certain trust
companies and bank trust departments, eligible governmental authorities, and
broker-dealers or others on behalf of clients participating in comprehensive
fee programs.
1. During the first year after purchase, dealers may not be eligible to
receive the 12b-1 fee.
2. Dealers may be eligible to receive up to 0.25% from the date of purchase.
After 8 years, Class B shares convert to Class A shares and dealers may then
receive the 12b-1 fee applicable to Class A.
3. Dealers may be eligible to receive up to 0.25% during the first year
after purchase and may be eligible to receive the full 12b-1 fee starting in
the 13th month.
V. The section "Statements and reports" on page 29 is replaced with the
following:
STATEMENTS AND REPORTS You will receive quarterly account statements that
show all your account transactions during the quarter. You also will receive
written notification after each transaction affecting your account (except
for distributions and transactions made through automatic investment or
withdrawal programs, which will be reported on your quarterly statement). You
also will receive the fund's financial reports every six months. To reduce
fund expenses, we try to identify related shareholders in a household and
send only one copy of the financial reports. If you need additional copies,
please call 1-800/DIAL BEN.
If there is a dealer or other investment representative of record on your
account, he or she also will receive copies of all notifications and
statements and other information about your account directly from the fund.
Please keep this supplement for future reference.
FRANKLIN
VALUE FUND
FRANKLIN VALUE INVESTORS TRUST
CLASS A, B & C
STATEMENT OF
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
MARCH 1, 1999, AS AMENDED JANUARY 1, 2000
[Insert Franklin Templeton Ben Head]
777 Mariners Island Blvd., P.O. Box 7777
San Mateo, CA 94403-7777 1-800/DIAL BEN(R)
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This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It contains
information in addition to the information in the fund's prospectus. The fund's
prospectus, dated March 1, 1999, which we may amend from time to time, contains
the basic information you should know before investing in the fund. You should
read this SAI together with the fund's prospectus.
The audited financial statements and auditor's report in the trust's Annual
Report to Shareholders, for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998, are
incorporated by reference (are legally a part of this SAI).
For a free copy of the current prospectus or annual report, contact your
investment representative or call 1-800/DIAL BEN (1-800/342-5236).
CONTENTS
Goal and Strategies 2
Risks 12
Officers and Trustees 18
Management and Other Services 21
Portfolio Transactions 22
Distributions and Taxes 23
Organization, Voting Rights
and Principal Holders 25
Buying and Selling Shares 26
Pricing Shares 32
The Underwriter 33
Performance 35
Miscellaneous Information 37
Description of Bond Ratings 38
[Begin callout]
MUTUAL FUNDS, ANNUITIES, AND OTHER INVESTMENT PRODUCTS:
O ARE NOT FEDERALLY INSURED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE
CORPORATION, THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER AGENCY OF
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT;
O ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF, OR GUARANTEED OR ENDORSED
BY, ANY BANK;
O ARE SUBJECT TO INVESTMENT RISKS, INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF
PRINCIPAL.
[End callout]
GOAL AND STRATEGIES
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The fund's investment goal is to attain long-term total return. This goal is
fundamental, which means it may not be changed without shareholder approval.
Income is a secondary consideration of the fund, although it is not part of the
fund's goal.
The fund tries to achieve its goal by investing at least 65% of its assets in
securities of companies that the fund's manager believes are undervalued. The
securities the fund may invest in include common and preferred stocks, warrants,
secured and unsecured bonds, and notes.
The fund's manager may take into account a variety of factors in order to
determine whether to buy or hold securities, including: low price to earnings
ratio relative to the market, industry group or earnings growth; low price
relative to book value or cash flow; valuable franchises, patents, trademarks,
trade names, distribution channels or market share for particular products or
services, tax loss carryforwards, or other intangibles that may not be reflected
in stock prices; ownership of understated or underutilized tangible assets such
as land, timber or minerals; underutilized cash or investment assets; and
unusually high current income. These criteria and others, alone and in
combination, may identify companies that are attractive to financial or
strategic acquirers (i.e., takeover candidates) or companies that have suffered
sharp price declines but in the manager's opinion, still have significant
potential (fallen angels). Purchases may include companies in cyclical
businesses, turnarounds and companies emerging from bankruptcy. Purchase
decisions may also be influenced by company stock buy-backs and insider
purchases and sales.
The following is a description of the various types of securities the fund may
buy.
EQUITY SECURITIES generally entitle the holder to participate in a company's
general operating results. The purchaser of an equity security typically
receives an ownership interest in the company as well as certain voting rights.
The owner of an equity security may participate in a company's success through
the receipt of dividends which are distributions of earnings by the company to
its owners. Equity security owners may also participate in a company's success
or lack of success through increases or decreases in the value of the company's
shares as traded in the public trading market for such shares. Equity securities
generally take the form of common stock or preferred stock, as well as
securities convertible into common stocks. Preferred stockholders typically
receive greater dividends but may receive less appreciation than common
stockholders and may have greater voting rights as well. Equity securities may
also include convertible securities, warrants, or rights. Warrants or rights
give the holder the right to buy a common stock at a given time for a specified
price.
WARRANTS A warrant is typically a long-term option issued by a corporation which
gives the holder the privilege of buying a specified number of shares of the
underlying common stock at a specified exercise price at any time on or before
an expiration date. Stock index warrants entitle the holder to receive, upon
exercise, an amount in cash determined by reference to fluctuations in the level
of a specified stock index. If the fund does not exercise or dispose of a
warrant prior to its expiration, it will expire worthless. Further, the fund
does not intend to invest directly in warrants (valued at the lower of cost or
market) in excess of 5% of the value of the fund's net assets. No more than 2%
of the value of the fund's net assets may be invested in warrants (valued at the
lower of cost or market) which are not listed on the New York or American Stock
Exchange.
FOREIGN SECURITIES The fund may invest in foreign securities if these
investments are consistent with the fund's investment goal. The fund may buy
sponsored or unsponsored American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary
Receipts (GDRs), and European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). The fund may also buy
the securities of foreign issuers directly in foreign markets, and may buy the
securities of issuers in developing nations. The fund intends to limit its
investment in foreign securities to no more than 25% of its total assets. Please
see "Risks - Foreign securities risk" for more information.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS Many securities of foreign issuers are represented by ADRs,
EDRs, and GDRs (collectively, Depositary Receipts). ADRs evidence ownership of,
and represent the right to receive, securities of foreign issuers deposited in a
domestic bank or trust company or a foreign correspondent bank. EDRs and GDRs
are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although they also may
be issued by U.S. banks or trust companies, and evidence ownership of underlying
securities issued by either a foreign or a U.S. corporation. Generally,
Depositary Receipts in registered form are designed for use in the U.S.
securities market and Depositary Receipts in bearer form are designed for use in
securities markets outside the U.S. Please see "Risks - Depositary receipts
risk" for more information.
Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars, and ADRs are traded in the U.S. on
exchanges or over-the-counter. While ADRs do not eliminate all the risk
associated with foreign investments, by investing in ADRs rather than directly
in the stock of foreign issuers, the fund will avoid currency risks during the
settlement period for either purchases or sales. In general, there is a large,
liquid market in the U.S. for ADRs quoted on a national securities exchange or
on NASDAQ. The information available for ADRs is subject to the accounting,
auditing and financial reporting standards of the U.S. market or exchange on
which they are traded, which standards are more uniform and more exacting than
those to which many foreign issuers may be subject. EDRs and GDRs may not
necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities
into which they may be converted.
Depositary Receipts may be issued under sponsored or unsponsored programs. In
sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities
traded in the form of Depositary Receipts. In unsponsored programs, the issuer
may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory
requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally
similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an
issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program.
Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of
securities underlying unsponsored programs and there may not be a correlation
between this information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
DEBT SECURITIES represent an obligation of the issuer to repay a loan of money
to it, and generally, provide for the payment of interest. These include bonds,
notes and debentures; commercial paper; time deposits; and bankers' acceptances.
A debt security typically has a fixed payment schedule that obligates the issuer
to pay interest to the lender and to return the lender's money over a certain
time period. A company typically meets its payment obligations associated with
its outstanding debt securities before it declares and pays any dividend to
holders of its equity securities. Bonds, notes, debentures, and commercial paper
differ in the length of the issuer's payment schedule, with bonds carrying the
longest repayment schedule and commercial paper the shortest.
The market value of debt securities generally varies in response to changes in
interest rates and the financial condition of each issuer. During periods of
declining interest rates, the value of debt securities generally increases.
Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of such
securities generally declines. These changes in market value will be reflected
in the fund's net asset value per share.
HIGH YIELD SECURITIES The fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in lower
rated, fixed-income and convertible securities (those rated BB or lower by
Standard & Poor's Corporation (S&P) or Ba or lower by Moody's Investors Service,
Inc. (Moody's)) and unrated securities of comparable quality, that the manager
believes possess intrinsic values in excess of the current market prices of
those securities. Lower rated bonds are commonly called "junk bonds." Lower
rated securities are considered by S&P, on balance, to be predominantly
speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay
principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation, and they generally
involve more credit risk than securities in the higher rating categories. Lower
rated securities in which the fund may invest include securities rated D, the
lowest rating category of S&P, or unrated securities of comparable quality. Debt
obligations rated D are in default and the payment of interest and/or repayment
of principal is in arrears.
ZERO COUPON SECURITIES AND PAY-IN-KIND BONDS Zero coupon or deferred interest
securities are debt obligations that do not entitle the holder to any periodic
payments of interest before maturity or a specified date when the securities
begin paying current interest (the cash payment date) and therefore are
generally issued and traded at a discount from their face amounts or par value.
The discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity or cash
payment date, prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security and the
perceived credit quality of the issuer. The discount, in the absence of
financial difficulties of the issuer, typically decreases as the final maturity
or cash payment date of the security approaches. The market prices of zero
coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market prices of
securities that pay interest periodically and are likely to respond to changes
in interest rates to a greater degree than do non-zero coupon or deferred
interest securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Current
federal income tax law requires that a holder of a zero coupon security report
as income each year the portion of the original issue discount on the security
that accrues that year, even though the holder receives no cash payments of
interest during the year.
Pay-in-kind bonds are securities that pay interest through the issuance of
additional bonds. The fund will be deemed to receive interest over the life of
the bonds and be treated as if interest were paid on a current basis for federal
income tax purposes, although no cash interest payments are received by the fund
until the cash payment date or until the bonds mature.
TRADE CLAIMS Trade claims are bought from creditors of companies in financial
difficulty who seek to reduce the number of debt obligations they are owed. Such
trade creditors generally sell their claims in an attempt to improve their
balance sheets and reduce uncertainty regarding payments. For buyers, trade
claims offer the potential for profits since they are often purchased at a
significantly discounted value and, consequently, have the potential for higher
income and capital appreciation should the debt issuer's financial position
improve. Trade claims are generally liquid, as there is a secondary market, but
the board of trustees will monitor their liquidity. An investment in trade
claims is speculative and there can be no guarantee that the debt issuer will
ever be able to satisfy the obligation. Further, trading in trade claims is not
regulated by federal securities laws but primarily by bankruptcy and commercial
laws. Because trade claims are unsecured obligations, holders may have a lower
priority than secured or preferred creditors. At the present time, however, the
fund intends to limit these investments to no more than 5% of its net assets.
STRUCTURED NOTES The fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in structured
notes. Structured notes entitle their holders to receive some portion of the
principal or interest payments that would be due on traditional debt
obligations. A zero coupon bond, which is the right to receive only the
principal portion of a debt security, is a simple form of structured note. A
structured note's performance or value may be linked to a change in return,
interest rate, or value at maturity of the change in an identified or "linked"
equity security, currency, interest rate, index or other financial indicator.
The holder's right to receive principal or interest payments on a structured
note may also vary in timing or amount, depending on changes in certain rates of
interest or other external events.
LOAN PARTICIPATIONS Through a loan participation, the fund can buy from a lender
a portion of a larger loan that it has made to a borrower. By buying loan
participations, the fund may be able to acquire interests in loans from
financially strong borrowers that the fund could not otherwise acquire. These
instruments are typically interests in floating or variable rate senior loans to
U.S. corporations, partnerships, and other entities. Generally, loan
participations are sold without guarantee or recourse to the lending institution
and are subject to the credit risks of both the borrower and the lending
institution. While loan participations generally trade at par value, if the
borrowers have credit problems, some may sell at discounts. To the extent the
borrower's credit problems are resolved, the loan participations may then
appreciate in value. These loan participations, however, carry substantially the
same risk as that for defaulted debt obligations and may cause loss of the
entire investment. Most loan participations are illiquid and therefore will be
included in the fund's limitation on illiquid investments.
MORTGAGE-BACKED AND ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES The fund may invest in
mortgage-backed securities, including collateralized mortgage obligations, which
represent direct or indirect participation in, or are collateralized by and
payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property. In addition, the fund may
buy asset-backed securities, which represent participation in, or are secured by
and payable from, assets such as motor vehicle installment sale contracts,
installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal
property, receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements and other
categories of receivables. These securities are generally issued by trusts and
special purpose corporations.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES The fund may invest in convertible securities; these
investments will be less than 25% of its total assets. A convertible security is
generally a debt obligation or preferred stock that may be converted within a
specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or a
different issuer. A convertible security provides a fixed-income stream and the
opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital
appreciation resulting from a market price advance in its underlying common
stock. As with a straight fixed-income security, a convertible security tends to
increase in market value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when
interest rates rise. Like a common stock, the value of a convertible security
also tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, and it
tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock declines. Because
its value can be influenced by both interest rate and market movements, a
convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar
fixed-income security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its
underlying stock.
A convertible security is usually issued either by an operating company or by an
investment bank. When issued by an operating company, a convertible security
tends to be senior to common stock, but subordinate to other types of
fixed-income securities issued by that company. When a convertible security
issued by an operating company is "converted," the operating company often
issues new stock to the holder of the convertible security but, if the parity
price of the convertible security is less than the call price, the operating
company may pay out cash instead of common stock. If the convertible security is
issued by an investment bank, the security is an obligation of and is
convertible through the issuing investment bank.
The issuer of a convertible security may be important in determining the
security's true value. This is because the holder of a convertible security will
have recourse only to the issuer. In addition, a convertible security may be
subject to redemption by the issuer, but only after a specified date and under
circumstances established at the time the security is issued.
While the fund uses the same criteria to rate a convertible debt security that
it uses to rate a more conventional debt security, a convertible preferred stock
is treated like a preferred stock for the fund's financial reporting, credit
rating, and investment limitation purposes. A preferred stock is subordinated to
all debt obligations in the event of insolvency, and an issuer's failure to make
a dividend payment is generally not an event of default entitling the preferred
shareholder to take action. A preferred stock generally has no maturity date, so
that its market value is dependent on the issuer's business prospects for an
indefinite period of time. In addition, distributions from preferred stock are
dividends, rather than interest payments, and are usually treated as such for
corporate tax purposes.
ENHANCED CONVERTIBLES The fund may invest in convertible preferred stocks that
offer enhanced yield features, such as Preferred Equity Redemption Cumulative
Stocks (PERCS), which provide an investor, such as the fund, with the
opportunity to earn higher dividend income than is available on a company's
common stock. PERCS are preferred stocks that generally feature a mandatory
conversion date, as well as a capital appreciation limit which is usually
expressed in terms of a stated price. Most PERCS expire three years from the
date of issue, at which time they are convertible into common stock of the
issuer. PERCS are generally not convertible into cash at maturity. Under a
typical arrangement, after three years PERCS convert into one share of the
issuer's common stock if the issuer's common stock is trading at a price below
that set by the capital appreciation limit, and into less than one full share if
the issuer's common stock is trading at a price above that set by the capital
appreciation limit. The amount of that fractional share of common stock is
determined by dividing the price set by the capital appreciation limit by the
market price of the issuer's common stock. PERCS can be called at any time prior
to maturity, and hence do not provide call protection. If called early, however,
the issuer must pay a call premium over the market price to the investor. This
call premium declines at a preset rate daily, up to the maturity date.
The fund may also invest in other enhanced convertible securities. These include
but are not limited to ACES (Automatically Convertible Equity Securities), PEPS
(Participating Equity Preferred Stock), PRIDES (Preferred Redeemable Increased
Dividend Equity Securities), SAILS (Stock Appreciation Income Linked
Securities), TECONS (Term Convertible Notes), QICS (Quarterly Income Cumulative
Securities), and DECS (Dividend Enhanced Convertible Securities). ACES, PEPS,
PRIDES, SAILS, TECONS, QICS, and DECS all have the following features: they are
issued by the company, the common stock of which will be received in the event
the convertible preferred stock is converted, unlike PERCS they do not have a
capital appreciation limit, they seek to provide the investor with high current
income with some prospect of future capital appreciation, they are typically
issued with three to four-year maturities, they typically have some built-in
call protection for the first two to three years, investors have the right to
convert them into shares of common stock at a preset conversion ratio or hold
them until maturity, and upon maturity they will automatically convert to either
cash or a specified number of shares of common stock.
Similarly, there may be enhanced convertible debt obligations issued by the
operating company, whose common stock is to be acquired in the event the
security is converted, or by a different issuer, such as an investment bank.
These securities may be identified by names such as ELKS (Equity Linked
Securities) or similar names. Typically they share most of the salient
characteristics of an enhanced convertible preferred stock but will be ranked as
senior or subordinated debt in the issuer's corporate structure according to the
terms of the debt indenture. There may be additional types of convertible
securities not specifically referred to herein that may be similar to those
described above in which the fund may invest, consistent with its goal and
policies.
An investment in an enhanced convertible security or any other security may
involve additional risks to the fund. The fund may have difficulty disposing of
such securities because there may be a thin trading market for a particular
security at any given time. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on
market price and the fund's ability to dispose of particular securities, when
necessary, to meet the fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific
economic event, such as the deterioration in the creditworthiness of an issuer.
Reduced liquidity in the secondary market for certain securities may also make
it more difficult for the fund to obtain market quotations based on actual
trades for purposes of valuing the fund's portfolio. The fund, however, intends
to acquire liquid securities, though there can be no assurances that this will
be achieved.
SYNTHETIC CONVERTIBLES The fund may invest a portion of its assets in "synthetic
convertible" securities. A synthetic convertible is created by combining
distinct securities which together possess the two principal characteristics of
a true convertible security, i.e., fixed income and the right to acquire the
underlying equity security. This combination is achieved by investing in
nonconvertible fixed-income securities and in warrants or stock or stock index
call options which grant the holder the right to purchase a specified quantity
of securities within a specified period of time at a specified price or to
receive cash in the case of stock index options. Synthetic convertible
securities are generally not considered to be "equity securities" for purposes
of the fund's investment policy regarding those securities.
Synthetic convertible securities differ from the true convertible security in
several respects. The value of a synthetic convertible is the sum of the values
of its fixed-income component and its convertibility component. Thus, the values
of a synthetic convertible and a true convertible security will respond
differently to market fluctuations. Further, although the manager expects
normally to create synthetic convertibles whose two components represent one
issuer, the character of a synthetic convertible allows the fund to combine
components representing distinct issuers, or to combine a fixed-income security
with a call option on a stock index, when the manager determines that such a
combination would better promote the fund's investment goal. In addition, the
component parts of a synthetic convertible security may be purchased
simultaneously or separately; and the holder of a synthetic convertible faces
the risk that the price of the stock, or the level of the market index
underlying the convertibility component will decline.
SHORT-SELLING In a short sale, the fund sells a security it does not own in
anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. The security
sold must be listed on a national exchange. To complete the transaction, the
fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The fund then is
obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price
at the time of replacement. The price at this time may be more or less than the
price at which the security was sold by the fund. Until the security is
replaced, the fund is required to pay to the lender any dividends or interest
that accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the fund also
may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security
sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the
extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed
out.
The fund will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the
security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the
fund replaces the borrowed security. The fund will realize a gain if the
security declines in price between those dates. The amount of any gain will be
decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium,
dividends or interest the fund may be required to pay in connection with a short
sale.
In addition to the short sales discussed above, the fund may also make short
sales "against the box." A short sale is "against the box" to the extent that
the fund contemporaneously owns or has the right to obtain at no added cost
securities identical to those sold short. The fund at no time will have more
than 15% of the value of its net assets in deposits on short sales against the
box.
No securities will be sold short if, after the sale, the total market value of
all the fund's open short positions, including short sales against the box,
would exceed 25% of the value of the fund's net assets. In addition, short sales
of the securities of any one issuer may not exceed the lesser of 2% of the
fund's net assets or 2% of the securities of any class of the issuer.
The fund will place in a segregated account with its custodian bank an amount of
cash or U.S. government securities equal to the difference between (a) the
market value of the securities sold short at the time they were sold short and
(b) any cash or U.S. government securities required to be deposited as
collateral with the broker in connection with the short sale (not including the
proceeds from the short sale). This segregated account will be marked-to-market
daily, provided that at no time will the amount deposited in it plus the amount
deposited with the broker as collateral be less than the market value of the
securities at the time they were sold short.
DERIVATIVE SECURITIES Although the fund has no present intention of investing in
the following, it has the authority to enter into options, futures and options
on futures, which are generally considered "derivative securities."
OPTIONS The fund may write (sell) covered call options on any of the securities
it owns that are listed for trading on a national securities exchange, and it
may also buy listed call and put options on securities and securities indices
for portfolio hedging purposes. The fund may also write covered call options and
buy put options that are traded over-the-counter (OTC). The fund will not invest
in any stock options or stock index options, other than hedging or covered
positions, if the option premiums paid on its open positions exceed 5% of the
value of the fund's total assets.
CALL OPTIONS Call options are short-term contracts (generally having a duration
of nine months or less) that give the buyer of the option the right to buy, and
obligate the writer to sell, the underlying security at the exercise price at
any time during the option period, regardless of the market price of the
underlying security. The buyer of an option pays a cash premium that typically
reflects, among other things, the relationship of the exercise price to the
market price and the volatility of the underlying security, the remaining term
of the option, supply and demand factors, and interest rates.
A call option written by the fund is "covered" if the fund owns or has an
absolute right (such as by conversion) to the underlying security covered by the
call. A call option is also covered if the fund holds a call on the same
security and in the same principal amount as the call written and the exercise
price of the call held (a) is equal to or less than the exercise price of the
call written or (b) is greater than the exercise price of the call written if
the difference is maintained by the fund in cash, government securities or other
high grade debt obligations in a segregated account with its custodian bank.
PUT OPTIONS The fund may also buy put options on common stock that it owns or
may acquire them through the conversion or exchange of other securities to
protect against a decline in the market value of the underlying security or to
protect the unrealized gain in an appreciated security in its portfolio without
actually selling the security. A put option gives the holder the right to sell
the underlying security at the option exercise price at any time during the
option period. The fund may pay for a put either separately or by paying a
higher price for securities that are purchased subject to a put, thus increasing
the cost of the securities and reducing the yield otherwise available from the
same securities.
In the case of put options, any gain realized by the fund will be reduced by the
amount of the premium and transaction costs it paid and may be offset by a
decline in the value of its portfolio securities. If the value of the underlying
stock exceeds the exercise price (or never declines below the exercise price),
the fund may suffer a loss equal to the amount of the premium it paid plus
transaction costs. Subject to the same risks, the fund may also close out its
option positions before they expire by entering into a closing purchase
transaction.
OPTIONS ON INDICES Options on securities indices are similar to options on
securities except, rather than the right to buy or sell particular securities at
a specified price, options on a securities index give the holder the right to
receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of
the underlying stock index is greater than (or less than, in the case of a put)
the exercise price of the option. The cash received is equal to the difference
between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the option,
expressed in dollars, multiplied by a specified number. Thus, unlike options on
individual securities, all settlements are in cash, and gain or loss depends on
price movements in the stock market generally (or in a particular industry or
segment of the market) rather than on price movements in individual securities.
The writer of an option may have no control over when the underlying securities
must be sold, in the case of a call option, since the writer may be assigned an
exercise notice at any time prior to the termination of the obligation. Whether
or not an option expires unexercised, the writer retains the amount of the
premium paid by the purchaser of the option. The amount reflects, among other
things, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price and
volatility of the underlying security, the remaining term of the option, supply
and demand and interest rates. This amount may, in the case of a covered call
option, be offset by a decline in the market value of the underlying security
during the option period. If a call option is exercised, the writer experiences
a profit or loss from the sale of the underlying security.
The writer of an option that wants to terminate its obligation may effect a
"closing purchase transaction." This is done by buying an option of the same
series as the option previously written which will cancel the writer's position
by the clearing corporation. A writer may not effect a closing purchase
transaction, however, after being notified of the exercise of an option.
Likewise, an investor who is the holder of an option may liquidate its position
by effecting a "closing sale transaction." This is done by selling an option of
the same series as the option previously purchased. There is no guarantee that
either a closing purchase or a closing sale transaction can be effected.
Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option will permit
the fund to write another call option on the underlying security with either a
different exercise price or expiration date or both. In addition, effecting a
closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the sale of any
securities subject to the option to be used for other fund investments. If the
fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on which it has
written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior to or at the
same time as the sale of the security.
The fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the
transaction is less than the premium received from writing the option or is more
than the premium paid to purchase the option. The fund will realize a loss from
a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is more than the premium
received from writing the option or is less than the premium paid to purchase
the option. Because increases in the market price of a call option will
generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security, any
loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in
whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the fund.
The fund may purchase call options on securities it intends to purchase to limit
the risk of a substantial increase in the market price of the security or on
securities indices. The fund may also purchase call options on securities held
in its portfolio and on which it has written call options. Prior to its
expiration, a call option may be sold in a closing sale transaction. Profit or
loss from such a sale will depend on whether the amount received is more or less
than the premium paid for the call option plus any related transaction costs.
The fund may also purchase put options on securities and securities indices and
enter into closing sale transactions with respect to such options, exercise them
or permit them to expire. The fund may purchase a put option on an underlying
security (a "protective put") owned by the fund as a hedging technique in order
to protect against an anticipated decline in the value of the security. Such
hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put option when the
fund, as the holder of the put option, is able to sell the underlying security
at the put exercise price, regardless of any decline in the underlying
security's market price. For example, a put option may be purchased in order to
protect unrealized appreciation of a security when the investment manager deems
it desirable to continue to hold the security because of tax considerations. The
premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any
capital gain otherwise available for distribution when the security is
eventually sold.
The fund's investment in options and certain securities transactions involving
actual or deemed short sales may be limited by the requirements of the Internal
Revenue Code for qualification as a regulated investment company and are subject
to special tax rules that may affect the amount, timing, and character of
distributions to shareholders. These securities require the application of
complex and special tax rules and elections. For more information, please see
"Distributions and Taxes" below.
FORWARD CONVERSIONS In a forward conversion, the fund buys securities and writes
call options and buys put options on such securities. By purchasing puts, the
fund protects the underlying security from depreciation in value. By selling or
writing calls on the same security, the fund receives premiums which may offset
part or all of the cost of purchasing the puts while foregoing the opportunity
for appreciation in the value of the underlying security. The fund will not
exercise a put it has purchased while a call option on the same security is
outstanding.
Although it is generally intended that the exercise price of put and call
options would be identical, situations might occur in which some option
positions are acquired with different exercise prices. Therefore, the fund's
return may depend in part on movements in the price of the underlying security.
SPREAD AND STRADDLE OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS In "spread" transactions, the fund buys
and writes a put or buys and writes a call on the same underlying security with
the options having different exercise prices and/or expiration dates. In
"straddles," the fund purchases or writes combinations of put and call options
on the same security. When the fund engages in spread and straddle transactions,
it seeks to profit from differentials in the option premiums paid and received
and in the market prices of the related options positions when they are closed
out or sold. Because these transactions require the fund to buy and/or write
more than one option simultaneously, the fund's ability to enter into such
transactions and to liquidate its positions when necessary or deemed advisable
may be more limited than if the fund was to buy or sell a single option.
Similarly, costs incurred by the fund in connection with these transactions will
in many cases be greater than if the fund was to buy or sell a single option.
The fund intends to limit these transactions to no more than 5% of the fund's
net assets.
FUTURES The fund may enter into contracts for the purchase or sale for future
delivery of securities, contracts based upon financial indices, and the fund may
buy options on such contracts (financial futures). Financial futures contracts
are contracts that obligate the long or short holder to take or make delivery of
a specified quantity of a financial instrument, such as a security, or the cash
value of a securities index during a specified future period at a specified
price. A "sale" of a futures contract means the seller has a contractual
obligation to deliver the securities described in the contract at a specified
price on a specified date. A "purchase" of a futures contract means the buyer
has a contractual obligation to acquire the securities described in the contract
at a specified price on a specified date. Futures contracts have been designed
by exchanges that have been designated "contracts markets" by the Commodity
Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and must be executed through a futures
commission merchant, or brokerage firm, which is a member of the relevant
contract market. At the present time, the fund intends to limit these
investments to no more than 5% of its net assets.
Although futures contracts by their terms call for the actual delivery or
acquisition of securities, in most cases the contractual obligation is fulfilled
before the date of the contract without having to make or take delivery of the
securities. The offsetting of a contractual obligation is accomplished by buying
(or selling, as the case may be) on a commodities exchange an identical futures
contract calling for delivery in the same month. Such a transaction, which is
effected through a member of an exchange, cancels the obligation to take
delivery of the securities. Since all transactions in the futures market are
made, offset or fulfilled through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange
on which the contracts are traded, the fund will incur brokerage fees when it
purchases or sells futures contracts.
The fund will not engage in transactions in futures contracts or related options
for speculation. The fund will not enter into any stock index future or related
option if, immediately thereafter, more than one third (1/3) of the fund's net
assets would be represented by futures contracts or related options. In
addition, the fund may not buy or sell futures contracts or buy or sell related
options if, immediately thereafter, the sum of the amount of margin deposits on
its existing futures and related options positions, and premiums paid for
related options, would exceed 5% of the market value of the fund's total assets.
The purpose of the acquisition or sale of a futures contract is to attempt to
protect the fund from fluctuations in the price of a portfolio security without
actually buying or selling the underlying security. To the extent the fund
enters into futures contracts or related options, it will deposit in a
segregated account with its custodian bank cash or other U.S. Treasury
obligations equal to a specified percentage of the value of the futures contract
(the initial margin), as required by the relevant contract market and futures
commission merchant. The futures contract will be marked-to-market daily. If the
value of the futures contract declines relative to the fund's position, the fund
will be required to pay the futures commission merchant an amount equal to the
change in value.
STOCK INDEX FUTURES CONTRACTS The fund may purchase and sell stock index futures
contracts traded on domestic exchanges and, to the extent such contracts have
been approved by the CFTC for sale to customers in the U.S., on foreign
exchanges. A stock index futures contract obligates the seller to deliver (and
the purchaser to take) an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount times
the difference between the value of a specific stock index at the close of the
last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made.
Open futures contracts are valued on a daily basis and the fund may be obligated
to provide or receive cash reflecting any decline or increase in the contract's
value. No physical delivery of the underlying stocks in the index is made in the
future.
The fund may sell stock index futures contracts in anticipation of or during a
market decline in an attempt to offset the decrease in market value of its
securities that might otherwise result. When the fund is not fully invested in
stocks and anticipates a significant market advance, it may purchase stock index
futures in order to gain rapid market exposure that may offset increases in the
cost of common stocks that it intends to purchase.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS The fund may take advantage of opportunities in the area of
options and futures contracts and any other derivative investments that are not
presently contemplated for use by the fund or that are not currently available
but which may be developed, to the extent such opportunities are both consistent
with the fund's investment goal and legally permissible for the fund. Prior to
investing in any such investment vehicle, the fund will supplement its
prospectus, if appropriate.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS The fund generally will have a portion of its assets in
cash or cash equivalents for a variety of reasons, including waiting for a
special investment opportunity or taking a defensive position. To earn income on
this portion of its assets, the fund may enter into repurchase agreements. Under
a repurchase agreement, the fund agrees to buy securities guaranteed as to
payment of principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies from a
qualified bank or broker-dealer and then to sell the securities back to the bank
or broker-dealer after a short period of time (generally, less than seven days)
at a higher price. The bank or broker-dealer must transfer to the fund's
custodian securities with an initial market value of at least 102% of the dollar
amount invested by the fund in each repurchase agreement. The manager will
monitor the value of such securities daily to determine that the value equals or
exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of
the bank or broker-dealer, including possible delays or restrictions upon the
fund's ability to sell the underlying securities. The fund will enter into
repurchase agreements only with parties who meet certain creditworthiness
standards, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the manager has determined present
no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time
frame contemplated by the repurchase transaction.
SECURITIES LENDING Consistent with procedures approved by the board of trustees
and subject to the following conditions, the fund may lend its portfolio
securities to qualified securities dealers or other institutional investors, if
such loans do not exceed 25% of the value of the fund's total assets at the time
of the most recent loan. Such loans must be secured by collateral (consisting of
any combination of cash, U.S. government securities or irrevocable letters of
credit) in an amount equal (on a daily marked-to-market basis) to the current
market value of the securities loaned. The fund retains all or a portion of the
interest received on the investment of the cash collateral or receive a fee from
the borrower. The fund will continue to receive any interest or dividends paid
on any loaned securities and will continue to have voting rights with respect to
the securities. However, as with other extensions of credit, there are risks of
delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower
fail.
ILLIQUID INVESTMENTS The fund's policy is not to invest more than 10% of its net
assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are generally securities that
cannot be sold within seven days in the normal course of business at
approximately the amount at which the fund has valued them.
RESTRICTED SECURITIES Some of the securities the fund buys are considered
"restricted securities." The fund's investment in restricted securities may not
exceed 15% of its net assets. Restricted securities are securities with legal or
contractual restrictions on resale, including securities that are not registered
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act). Securities not
registered under the 1933 Act may not be sold without first being registered,
unless there is an available exemption under the 1933 Act. Normally the costs of
registering these securities is borne by the issuer. Restricted securities
involve certain risks, including the risk that a secondary market may not exist
when a holder wants to sell them. In addition, the price and valuation of these
securities may reflect a discount because they are perceived as having less
liquidity than similar securities that are not restricted.
As with other securities in the fund's portfolio, if no readily available market
quotations exist for restricted securities, they will be valued at fair value in
accordance with procedures adopted by the board of trustees. If the fund
suddenly has to sell restricted securities, time constraints or a lack of
interested, qualified buyers may prevent the fund from receiving the carrying
value of the securities at the time of the sale. Alternatively, the manager may
sell unrestricted securities it might have retained if the fund had only held
unrestricted securities.
NON-DIVERSIFICATION The fund intends to comply with the diversification and
other requirements applicable to regulated investment companies under the
Internal Revenue Code. As a non-diversified investment company under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), the fund may invest more
than 5% and up to 25% of its assets in the securities of any one issuer at the
time of purchase. For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code, however, as of the
last day of any fiscal quarter, the fund may not have more than 25% of its total
assets invested in any one issuer, and, with respect to 50% of its total assets,
the fund may not have more than 5% of its total assets invested in any one
issuer, nor may it own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any
one issuer. These limitations do not apply to investments in securities issued
or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities or to
securities of investment companies that qualify as regulated investment
companies under the Internal Revenue Code.
BORROWING The fund does not borrow money or mortgage or pledge any of its
assets, except that it may borrow up to 331/3% of its total assets (including
the amount borrowed) in order to meet redemption requests that might otherwise
require the untimely disposition of portfolio securities or for other temporary
or emergency purposes and may pledge its assets in connection therewith. The
fund will not make any additional investments while any borrowings exceed 5% of
its total assets.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS In anticipation of and during temporary defensive periods
or when investments of the type in which the fund intends to invest are not
available at prices that the manager believes are attractive, the fund may
invest up to 100% of its total assets in: (1) securities of the U.S. government
and certain of its agencies and instrumentalities that mature in one year or
less from the date of purchase, including U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds,
and securities of the Government National Mortgage Association, the Federal
Housing Administration and other agency or instrumentality issues or guarantees
that are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government; (2)
obligations issued or guaranteed by other U.S. government agencies or
instrumentalities, some of which are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the U.S. government (e.g., obligations of the Federal Home Loan
Banks) and some of which are backed by the credit of the issuer itself (e.g.,
obligations of the Student Loan Marketing Association); (3) bank obligations,
including negotiable or non-negotiable CDs (subject to the 10% aggregate limit
on the fund's investment in illiquid securities), letters of credit and bankers'
acceptances, or instruments secured by these types of obligations, issued by
banks and savings institutions that are subject to regulation by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities and that have assets of over $1
billion, unless these types of obligations are guaranteed by a parent bank that
has total assets in excess of $5 billion; (4) commercial paper considered by the
manager to be of high quality, which must be rated within the two highest rating
categories by S&P or Moody's or, if unrated, issued by a company having an
outstanding debt issue rated at least AA by S&P or Aa by Moody's; and (5)
corporate obligations including, but not limited to, corporate notes, bonds and
debentures considered by the manager to be high grade or that are rated within
the two highest rating categories by S&P or Moody's.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS The fund has adopted the following restrictions as
fundamental policies. This means they may only be changed if the change is
approved by (i) more than 50% of the fund's outstanding shares or (ii) 67% or
more of the fund's shares present at a shareholder meeting if more than 50% of
the fund's outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by
proxy, whichever is less.
The fund may not:
1. Borrow money, except that the fund may borrow money in a manner consistent
with the fund's investment goal and policies in an amount not exceeding 331/3%
of the value of the fund's total assets (including the amount borrowed). The
fund may borrow in connection with short-sales and short-sales "against the
box," and the fund may borrow from banks, other Franklin Templeton Funds or
other persons to the extent permitted by applicable law.
2. Underwrite securities of other issuers, except insofar as the fund may be
technically deemed an underwriter under the federal securities laws in
connection with the disposition of portfolio securities. (This does not preclude
the fund from obtaining such short-term credit as may be necessary for the
clearance of purchases and sales of its portfolio securities.)
3. Invest directly in interests in real estate, oil, gas or other mineral
leases, exploration or development programs, including limited partnership
interests. This restriction does not preclude investments in marketable
securities of issuers engaged in such activities.
4. Loan money, except as consistent with the fund's investment goal, and except
that the fund may (a) purchase a portion of an issue of publicly distributed
bonds, debentures, notes and other evidences of indebtedness, (b) enter into
repurchase agreements, (c) lend its portfolio securities, and (d) participate in
an interfund lending program with other Franklin Templeton Funds to the extent
permitted by the 1940 Act and any rules or orders thereunder.
5. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts; except that the fund may
enter into interest rate and financial futures contracts, options thereon, and
forward contracts.
6. Issue securities senior to the fund's presently authorized shares of
beneficial interest.
7. Invest more than 25% of the fund's assets (at the time of the most recent
investment) in any single industry.
The fund presently has the following additional restrictions, which are not
fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval.
The fund may not:
1. Invest in any company for the purpose of exercising control or management,
except that all or substantially all of the assets of the fund may be invested
in another registered investment company having the same investment goal and
policies as the fund.
2. Purchase securities on margin, except that the fund may make margin payments
in connection with futures, options and currency transactions.
3. Purchase or retain securities of any company in which officers or trustees of
the fund, or of its investment manager, individually owning more than 1/2 of 1%
of the securities of such company, in the aggregate own more than 5% of the
securities of such company.
4. Buy securities of open-end or closed-end investment companies, except that
the fund may: (i) buy securities of open-end or closed-end investment companies
in compliance with the 1940 Act; (ii) invest all or substantially all of its
assets in another registered investment company having the same investment goal
and policies as the fund; or (iii) invest in shares of one or more money market
funds managed by Franklin Advisory Services, Inc. or its affiliates, to the
extent permitted by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act.
5. Invest more than 5% of its assets in securities of issuers with less than
three years continuous operation, including the operations of any predecessor
companies.
6. Hold or purchase the securities of any issuer if, as a result, in the
aggregate, more than 10% of the value of the fund's net assets would be invested
in (i) securities that are not readily marketable or (ii) repurchase agreements
maturing in more than seven days. The fund may, however, invest in registered
investment companies as described in Restriction 1 above.
If a bankruptcy or other extraordinary event occurs concerning a particular
security the fund owns, the fund may receive stock, real estate, or other
investments that the fund would not, or could not, buy. If this happens, the
fund intends to sell such investments as soon as practicable while maximizing
the return to shareholders.
If a percentage restriction is met at the time of investment, a later increase
or decrease in the percentage due to a change in the value or liquidity of
portfolio securities or the amount of assets will not be considered a violation
of any of the foregoing restrictions.
RISKS
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There is no assurance that the fund will meet its investment goal. Investments
in securities that have potential to increase in value may be subject to a
greater degree of risk and may be more volatile than other types of investments.
The value of your shares will increase as the value of the securities owned by
the fund increases and will decrease as the value of the fund's investments
decrease. In this way, you participate in any change in the value of the
securities owned by the fund. In addition to the factors that affect the value
of any particular security that the fund owns, the value of fund shares may also
change with movements in the stock market as a whole.
VALUE INVESTING RISK The fund will invest principally in the securities of
companies believed by the manager to be undervalued. Securities of a company may
be undervalued as a result of overreaction by investors to unfavorable news
about a company, industry or the stock market in general or as a result of a
market decline, poor economic conditions, tax-loss selling or actual or
anticipated unfavorable developments affecting a company. Often these companies
are attempting to recover from business setbacks or adverse events
(turnarounds), cyclical downturns, or, in certain cases, bankruptcy.
Cyclical stocks in which the fund may invest tend to increase in value more
quickly during economic upturns than non-cyclical stocks, but they also tend to
lose value more quickly in economic downturns. As with all investments, there is
always the possibility when investing in these securities that the manager may
be incorrect in its assessment of a particular industry or company or that the
manager may not buy these securities at their lowest possible prices or sell
them at their highest.
When the fund buys securities of companies emerging from bankruptcy, it may
encounter risks that do not exist with other investments. Companies emerging
from bankruptcy may have some difficulty retaining customers and suppliers who
prefer transacting with solvent organizations. If new management is installed in
a company emerging from bankruptcy, the management may be considered untested;
if the existing management is retained, the management may be considered
incompetent. Further, even when a company has emerged from bankruptcy with a
lower level of debt, it may still retain a relatively weak balance sheet. During
economic downturns these companies may not have sufficient cash flow to pay
their debt obligations and may also have difficulty finding additional
financing. In addition, reduced liquidity in the secondary market may make it
difficult for the fund to sell the securities or to value them based on actual
trades.
The fund's policy of investing in securities that may be out of favor, including
turnarounds, cyclical stocks and companies emerging from bankruptcy, companies
reporting poor earnings, and companies whose share prices have declined sharply
or that are not widely followed, differs from the approach followed by many
other mutual funds. The manager believes, however, that these securities may
provide a greater total investment return than securities whose prices appear to
reflect anticipated favorable developments.
FOREIGN SECURITIES RISK The value of foreign (and U.S.) securities is affected
by general economic conditions and individual company and industry earnings
prospects. While foreign securities may offer significant opportunities for
gain, they also involve additional risks that can increase the potential for
losses in the fund. These risks can be significantly greater for investments in
emerging markets. Investments in depositary receipts also involve some or all of
the risks described below. You should consider carefully the substantial risks
involved in securities of companies of foreign nations, which are in addition to
the usual risks inherent in domestic investments.
There is the possibility of cessation of trading on national exchanges,
expropriation, nationalization of assets, confiscatory or punitive taxation,
withholding and other foreign taxes on income or other amounts, foreign exchange
controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from
a given country), restrictions on removal of assets, political or social
instability, or diplomatic developments that could affect investments in
securities of issuers in foreign nations.
There may be less publicly available information about foreign companies
comparable to the reports and ratings published about companies in the U.S.
Foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting or financial
reporting standards, and auditing practices and requirements may not be
comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. The fund, therefore, may
encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its
portfolio and calculating its net asset value.
Certain countries' financial markets and services are less developed than those
in the U.S. or other major economies. In many foreign countries there is less
government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed
companies than in the U.S. Foreign markets have substantially less volume than
the New York Stock Exchange and securities of some foreign companies are less
liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies.
Commission rates in foreign countries, which are generally fixed rather than
subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are likely to be higher. Settlement
practices may be cumbersome and result in delays that may affect portfolio
liquidity. The fund may have greater difficulty voting proxies, exercising
shareholder rights, pursuing legal remedies, and obtaining judgments with
respect to foreign investments in foreign courts than with respect to domestic
issuers in U.S.
courts.
The fund's investments in foreign securities may increase the risks with respect
to the liquidity of the fund's portfolio. This could inhibit the fund's ability
to meet a large number of shareholder redemption requests in the event of
economic or political turmoil in a country in which the fund has a substantial
portion of its assets invested or deterioration in relations between the U.S.
and the foreign country.
Investments in companies domiciled in developing countries may be subject to
potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries. These risks
may include (i) less economic stability; (ii) political and social uncertainty
(for example, regional conflicts and risk of war); (iii) pervasiveness of
corruption and crime; (iv) the small current size of the markets for such
securities and the currently low or nonexistent volume of trading, which result
in a lack of liquidity and in greater price volatility; (v) delays in settling
portfolio transactions; (vi) risk of loss arising out of the system of share
registration and custody; (vii) certain national policies that may restrict the
fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers
or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (viii) foreign taxation;
(ix) the absence of developed legal structures governing private or foreign
investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (x)
the absence of a capital market structure or market-oriented economy; and (xi)
the possibility that recent favorable economic developments may be slowed or
reversed by unanticipated political or social events.
In addition, many countries in which the fund may invest have experienced
substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many
years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of
certain countries. Moreover, the economies of some developing countries may
differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth
of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position.
CURRENCY RISK Some of the fund's investments may be denominated in foreign
currencies. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the value of
what the fund owns and the fund's share price. Generally, when the U.S. dollar
rises in value against a foreign currency, an investment in that country loses
value because that currency is worth fewer U.S. dollars.
EURO RISK. On January 1, 1999, the European Monetary Union (EMU) introduced a
new single currency, the euro, which will replace the national currency for
participating member countries. The transition and the elimination of currency
risk among EMU countries may change the economic environment and behavior of
investors, particularly in European markets.
Franklin Resources, Inc. has created an interdepartmental team to handle all
euro-related changes to enable the Franklin Templeton Funds to process
transactions accurately and completely with minimal disruption to business
activities. While the implementation of the euro could have a negative effect on
the fund, the fund's manager and its affiliated services providers are taking
steps they believe are reasonably designed to address the euro issue.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS RISK Depositary Receipts reduce but do not eliminate all the
risk inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers. To the extent
that the fund acquires Depositary Receipts through banks that do not have a
contractual relationship with the foreign issuer of the security underlying the
Depositary Receipt to issue and service such Depositary Receipts, there may be
an increased possibility that the fund would not become aware of and be able to
respond to corporate actions such as stock splits or rights offerings involving
the foreign issuer in a timely manner.
HIGH YIELD SECURITIES RISK Because the fund may invest in securities below
investment grade, an investment in the fund is subject to a higher degree of
risk than an investment in a fund that invests primarily in higher-quality
securities. You should consider the increased risk of loss to principal that is
present with an investment in higher risk securities, such as those in which the
fund invests. Accordingly, an investment in the fund should not be considered a
complete investment program and should be carefully evaluated for its
appropriateness in light of your overall investment needs and goals.
The market value of high yield, lower-quality fixed-income securities, commonly
known as junk bonds, tends to reflect individual developments affecting the
issuer to a greater degree than the market value of higher-quality securities,
which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates.
Lower-quality securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions
than higher-quality securities.
Issuers of high yield, fixed-income securities are often highly leveraged and
may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them. Therefore,
the risk associated with buying the securities of these issuers is generally
greater than the risk associated with higher-quality securities. For example,
during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates,
issuers of lower-quality securities may experience financial stress and may not
have sufficient cash flow to make interest payments. The issuer's ability to
make timely interest and principal payments may also be adversely affected by
specific developments affecting the issuer, including the issuer's inability to
meet specific projected business forecasts or the unavailability of additional
financing.
The risk of loss due to default may also be considerably greater with
lower-quality securities because they are generally unsecured and are often
subordinated to other creditors of the issuer. If the issuer of a security in
the fund's portfolio defaults, the fund may have unrealized losses on the
security, which may lower the fund's net asset value. Defaulted securities tend
to lose much of their value before they default. Thus, the fund's net asset
value may be adversely affected before an issuer defaults. In addition, the fund
may incur additional expenses if it must try to recover principal or interest
payments on a defaulted security.
High yield, fixed-income securities frequently have call or buy-back features
that allow an issuer to redeem the securities from the fund. Although these
securities are typically not callable for a period of time, usually for three to
five years from the date of issue, if an issuer calls its securities during
periods of declining interest rates, the manager may find it necessary to
replace the securities with lower-yielding securities, which could result in
less net investment income for the fund.
The premature disposition of a high yield security due to a call or buy-back
feature, the deterioration of an issuer's creditworthiness, or a default by an
issuer may make it more difficult for the fund to manage the timing of its
income. Under the Internal Revenue Code and U.S. Treasury regulations, the fund
may have to accrue income on defaulted securities and distribute the income to
shareholders for tax purposes, even though the fund is not currently receiving
interest or principal payments on the defaulted securities. To generate cash to
satisfy these distribution requirements, the fund may have to sell portfolio
securities that it otherwise may have continued to hold or use cash flows from
other sources, such as the sale of fund shares.
Lower-quality, fixed-income securities may not be as liquid as higher-quality
securities. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market may have an adverse impact
on market price of a security and on the fund's ability to sell a security in
response to a specific economic event, such as a deterioration in the
creditworthiness of the issuer, or if necessary to meet the fund's liquidity
needs. Reduced liquidity may also make it more difficult to obtain market
quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the fund's portfolio.
The fund may buy high yield, fixed-income securities that are sold without
registration under the federal securities laws and therefore carry restrictions
on resale. While many high yielding securities have been sold with registration
rights, covenants and penalty provisions for delayed registration, if the fund
is required to sell restricted securities before the securities have been
registered, it may be deemed an underwriter of the securities under the 1933
Act, which entails special responsibilities and liabilities. The fund may also
incur special costs in disposing of restricted securities, although the fund
will generally not incur any costs when the issuer is responsible for
registering the securities.
The fund may buy high yield, fixed-income securities during an initial
underwriting. These securities involve special risks because they are new
issues. The manager will carefully review their credit and other
characteristics. The fund has no arrangement with its underwriter or any other
person concerning the acquisition of these securities.
The high yield securities market is relatively new and much of its growth before
1990 paralleled a long economic expansion. The recession that began in 1990
disrupted the market for high yield securities and adversely affected the value
of outstanding securities, as well as the ability of issuers of high yield
securities to make timely principal and interest payments. Although the economy
has improved and high yield securities have performed more consistently since
that time, the adverse effects previously experienced may reoccur. For example,
the highly publicized defaults on some high yield securities during 1989 and
1990 and concerns about a sluggish economy that continued into 1993 depressed
the prices of many of these securities. While market prices may be temporarily
depressed due to these factors, the ultimate price of any security generally
reflects the true operating results of the issuer. Factors adversely impacting
the market value of high yield securities may lower the fund's net asset value.
The fund relies on the manager's judgment, analysis and experience in evaluating
the creditworthiness of an issuer. In this evaluation, the manager takes into
consideration, among other things, the issuer's financial resources, its
sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the
quality of the issuer's management and regulatory matters.
The risk factors above also apply to lower-quality zero-coupon, deferred
interest and pay-in-kind securities. These securities have an additional risk,
however, because unlike securities that pay interest throughout the time until
maturity, the fund will not receive any cash until the cash payment date. If the
issuer defaults, the fund may not obtain any return on its investment.
Zero-coupon or deferred interest securities are debt obligations that make no
periodic interest payments before maturity or a specified date when the
securities begin paying current interest (the cash payment date), and therefore
are generally issued and traded at a discount from their face amount or par
value. The discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity or the
cash payment date, as well as prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the
security, and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. The discount, in the
absence of financial difficulties of the issuer, typically decreases as the
final maturity or cash payment date approaches.
The value of zero-coupon securities is generally more volatile than the value of
other fixed-income securities that pay interest periodically. Zero-coupon
securities are also likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater
degree than other fixed-income securities having similar maturities and credit
quality.
Current federal income tax law requires a holder of a zero-coupon security to
report as income each year the portion of original issue discount on the
security that accrues that year, even though the holder receives no cash
payments of interest during the year. Pay-in-kind securities pay interest by
issuing more bonds. The fund is deemed to receive interest over the life of
these bonds and is treated as if the interest were paid on a current basis for
federal income tax purposes, although the fund does not receive any cash
interest payments until maturity or the cash payment date. Accordingly, during
times when the fund does not receive any cash interest payments on its
zero-coupon, deferred interest or pay-in-kind securities, it may have to sell
portfolio securities to meet distribution requirements and these sales may be
subject to the risk factors discussed above. The fund is not limited in the
amount of its assets that may be invested in these types of securities.
INTEREST RATE RISK To the extent the fund invests in debt securities, changes in
interest rates in any country where the fund is invested will affect the value
of the fund's portfolio and its share price. Rising interest rates, which often
occur during times of inflation or a growing economy, are likely to have a
negative effect on the value of the fund's shares. Of course, interest rates
throughout the world have increased and decreased, sometimes very dramatically,
in the past. These changes are likely to occur again in the future at
unpredictable times.
MORTGAGE-BACKED AND ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES RISK Mortgage-backed and
asset-backed securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their
stated maturity dates would indicate because of the pass-through of prepayments
of principal on the underlying loans. During periods of declining interest
rates, prepayment of loans underlying mortgage-backed and asset-backed
securities can be expected to accelerate, and thus impair the fund's ability to
reinvest the returns of principal at comparable yields. Accordingly, the market
value of these securities will vary with changes in market interest rates
generally and in yield differentials among various kinds of U.S. government
securities and other mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. Asset-backed
securities present certain additional risks that are not presented by
mortgage-backed securities because asset-backed securities generally do not have
the benefit of a security interest in collateral that is comparable to mortgage
assets. There is the possibility that, in some cases, recoveries on repossessed
collateral may not be available to support payments on these securities.
NON-DIVERSIFICATION RISK As a non-diversified investment company under the 1940
Act, the fund may concentrate its investments in the securities of a smaller
number of issuers than if it were a diversified company. An investment in the
fund therefore will entail greater risk than an investment in a diversified
investment company because a higher percentage of investments among fewer
issuers may result in greater fluctuation in the total market value of the
fund's portfolio, and economic, political or regulatory developments may have a
greater impact on the value of the fund's portfolio than would be the case if
the portfolio were diversified among more issuers. All securities in which the
fund may invest are inherently subject to market risk, and the market value of
the fund's investments will fluctuate.
OPTIONS, FUTURES AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES RISK The fund's ability to hedge
effectively all or a portion of its securities through transactions in options
on stock indices, financial futures and related options depends on the degree to
which price movements in the underlying index or underlying securities correlate
with price movements in the relevant portion of the fund's portfolio. Inasmuch
as these securities will not duplicate the components of the index or such
underlying securities, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, the
fund bears the risk that the prices of the securities being hedged will not move
in the same amount as the hedging instrument. It is also possible that there may
be a negative correlation between the index or other securities underlying the
hedging instrument and the hedged securities that would result in a loss on both
such securities and the hedging instrument. Accordingly, successful use by the
fund of options on stock indices, financial futures and other options will be
subject to the manager's ability to predict correctly movements in the direction
of the securities markets generally or in a particular segment. This requires
different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of
individual stocks.
When the fund writes (sells) covered call options, it will receive a cash
premium that can be used in whatever way the manager believes is most beneficial
to the fund. The risks associated with covered option writing are that in the
event of a price increase on the underlying security that would likely trigger
the exercise of the call option, the fund will not participate in the increase
in price beyond the exercise price. It will generally be the fund's policy, in
order to avoid the exercise of a call option written by it, to cancel its
obligation under the call option by entering into a "closing purchase
transaction," if available, unless it is determined to be in the fund's interest
to deliver the underlying securities from its portfolio. A closing purchase
transaction consists of the fund buying an option having the same terms as the
option written by the fund, and has the effect of canceling the fund's position
as the writer of the option. The premium that the fund will pay in executing a
closing purchase transaction may be higher or lower than the premium it received
when writing the option, depending in large part upon the relative price of the
underlying security at the time of each transaction.
One risk involved in both buying and selling options is that the fund may not be
able to effect a closing purchase transaction at a time when it wishes to do so
or at an advantageous price. There is no assurance that a liquid market will
exist for a given contract or option at any particular time. To mitigate this
risk, the fund will ordinarily buy and write options only if a secondary market
for the option exists on a national securities exchange or in the
over-the-counter market. Another risk is that during the option period, if the
fund has written a covered call option, it will have given up the opportunity to
profit from a price increase in the underlying securities above the exercise
price in return for the premium on the option (although, of course, the premium
can be used to offset any losses or add to the fund's income) but, as long as
its obligation as a writer of such an option continues, the fund will have
retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline.
In addition, the fund has no control over the time when it may be required to
fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once the fund has received an
exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing transaction in order to terminate
its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying securities at
the exercise price. The aggregate premiums paid on all such options that are
held at any time will not exceed 20% of the fund's total assets.
OTC options may be subject to more risks than exchange-traded options because
OTC options are arranged with dealers, not with a clearing corporation, and
because pricing of OTC options is typically done by reference to information
from market makers. There can be no assurance that a continuous liquid secondary
market will exist for any particular OTC option at any specific time.
Consequently, the fund may be able to realize the value of an OTC option it has
purchased only by exercising it or entering into a closing sale transaction with
the dealer that issued it. Similarly, when the fund writes an OTC option, it
generally can close out that option prior to its expiration only by entering
into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to which the fund originally
wrote it. If a covered call option writer cannot effect a closing transaction,
it cannot sell the underlying security until the option expires or the option is
exercised. Therefore, a covered call option writer of an OTC option may not be
able to sell an underlying security even though it might otherwise be
advantageous to do so. Likewise, a secured put writer of an OTC option may be
unable to sell the securities pledged to secure the put for other investment
purposes while it is obligated as a put writer. Similarly, a purchaser of such
put or call option might also find it difficult to terminate its position on a
timely basis in the absence of a secondary market.
The CFTC and the various exchanges have established limits, referred to as
"speculative position limits," on the maximum net long or net short position
which any person may hold or control in a particular futures contract. Trading
limits are imposed on the maximum number of contracts which any person may trade
on a particular trading day. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions
found to be in violation of these limits and it may impose other sanctions or
restrictions. The fund does not believe that these trading and positions limits
will have an adverse impact on the fund's strategies for hedging its securities.
The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets, due to
differences in the natures of those markets, are subject to distortions. First,
all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and
variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin
requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting
transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and
futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on
participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking
delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity
in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from
the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements in the futures
market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market.
Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may
cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a
correct forecast of general interest rate trends by the manager may still not
result in a successful transaction.
In addition, futures contracts entail risks. Although the fund believes that use
of such contracts will benefit the fund, if the manager's judgment about the
general direction of interest rates is incorrect, the fund's overall performance
would be poorer than if it had not entered into any such contract. For example,
if the fund has hedged against the possibility of an increase in interest rates
that would adversely affect the price of bonds held in its portfolio and
interest rates decrease instead, the fund will lose part or all of the benefit
of the increased value of its bonds which it has hedged because it will have
offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if
the fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities from its
portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements. Such sales may be, but
will not necessarily be, at increased prices which reflect the rising market.
The fund may have to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to
do so.
The fund's sale of futures contracts and purchase of put options on futures
contracts will be solely to protect its investments against declines in value.
The fund expects that in the normal course it will purchase securities upon
termination of long futures contracts and long call options on future contracts,
but under unusual market conditions it may terminate any of such positions
without a corresponding purchase of securities.
RESTRICTED SECURITIES RISK The board of trustees has authorized the fund to
invest in restricted securities and to consider them liquid (and thus not
subject to the 10% limitation on illiquid securities) to the extent the manager
determines that there is a liquid institutional or other market for these
securities. For example, restricted securities may be freely transferred among
qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act, and in some
cases a liquid institutional market has developed.
On an ongoing basis, the board of trustees will review the manager's decisions
to treat restricted securities as liquid including the manager's assessment of
current trading activity and the availability of reliable price information. In
determining whether a restricted security can be considered liquid, the manager
and the board of trustees will take into account the following factors: (i) the
frequency of trades and quotes for the security, (ii) the number of dealers
willing to buy or sell the security and the number of potential buyers, (iii)
dealer undertakings to make a market in the security, and (iv) the nature of the
security and nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose
of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of
transfer). To the extent the fund invests in restricted securities that are
deemed to be liquid, the general level of illiquidity in the fund may be
increased if qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in buying these
securities or the market for these securities contracts.
OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES
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The trust has a board of trustees. The board is responsible for the overall
management of the trust, including general supervision and review of the fund's
investment activities. The board, in turn, elects the officers of the trust who
are responsible for administering the fund's day-to-day operations. The board
also monitors the fund to ensure no material conflicts exist among share
classes. While none is expected, the board will act appropriately to resolve any
material conflict that may arise.
The affiliations of the officers and board members and their principal
occupations for the past five years are shown below.
Name, Age and Positions(s) Principal Occupation(s) During
Address Held the Past Five Years
with the Trust
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Frank T. Crohn (74)
P.O. Box 810516
Boca Raton, FL 33481
TRUSTEE
Chairman, Eastport Lobster & Fish Company; Director, Unity Mutual Life Insurance
Company; trustee of two of the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds; and FORMERLY, Chairman, Financial Benefit Life Insurance Company
and Director, AmVestors Financial Corporation.
*William J. Lippman (72)
One Parker Plaza, 16th Floor
Fort Lee, NJ 07024
PRESIDENT, CHIEF
EXECUTIVE OFFICER
AND TRUSTEE
Senior Vice President, Franklin Resources, Inc. and Franklin Management, Inc.;
President and Director, Franklin Advisory Services, Inc.; and officer and/or
director or trustee, as the case may be, of six of the investment companies in
the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
Charles Rubens II (68)
18 Park Road
Scarsdale, NY 10583
TRUSTEE
Private investor; and trustee of three of the investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group
of Funds.
Leonard Rubin (73)
2 Executive Drive
Suite 560
Fort Lee, NJ 07024
TRUSTEE
Partner in LDR Equities, LLC (manages various personal investments); Vice
President, Trimtex Co., Inc. (manufactures and markets specialty fabrics);
director or trustee, as the case may be, of three of the investment companies in
the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds; and FORMERLY, Chairman of the Board,
Carolace Embroidery Co., Inc. and President, F.N.C. Textiles, Inc.
Harmon E. Burns (54)
777 Mariners Island Blvd.
San Mateo, CA 94404
VICE PRESIDENT
Executive Vice President and Director, Franklin Resources, Inc.,
Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. and Franklin Templeton
Services, Inc.; Executive Vice President, Franklin Advisers,
Inc.; Director, Franklin Investment Advisory Services, Inc. and
Franklin/Templeton Investor Services, Inc.; and officer and/or
director or trustee, as the case may be, of most of the other
subsidiaries of Franklin Resources, Inc. and of 53 of the
investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
Martin L. Flanagan (38)
777 Mariners Island Blvd.
San Mateo, CA 94404
VICE PRESIDENT
AND CHIEF
FINANCIAL OFFICER
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Franklin Resources, Inc.,
Franklin/Templeton Investor Services, Inc. and Franklin Mutual Advisers, Inc.;
Executive Vice President and Director, Templeton Worldwide, Inc.; Executive Vice
President, Chief Operating Officer and Director, Templeton Investment Counsel,
Inc.; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Franklin Advisers,
Inc.; Chief Financial Officer, Franklin Advisory Services, Inc. and Franklin
Investment Advisory Services, Inc.; President and Director, Franklin Templeton
Services, Inc.; officer and/or director of some of the other subsidiaries of
Franklin Resources, Inc.; and officer and/or director or trustee, as the case
may be, of 53 of the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds.
Deborah R. Gatzek (50)
777 Mariners Island Blvd.
San Mateo, CA 94404
VICE PRESIDENT
AND SECRETARY
Senior Vice President and General Counsel, Franklin Resources, Inc.; Senior Vice
President, Franklin Templeton Services, Inc. and Franklin Templeton
Distributors, Inc.; Executive Vice President, Franklin Advisers, Inc.; Vice
President, Franklin Advisory Services, Inc. and Franklin Mutual Advisers, Inc.;
Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Chief Operating Officer, Franklin
Investment Advisory Services, Inc.; and officer of 54 of the investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
Diomedes Loo-Tam (60)
777 Mariners Island Blvd.
San Mateo, CA 94404
TREASURER AND
PRINCIPAL
ACCOUNTING OFFICER
Senior Vice President, Franklin Templeton Services, Inc.; and officer of 32 of
the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. (58)
777 Mariners Island Blvd.
San Mateo, CA 94404
VICE PRESIDENT
Executive Vice President and Director, Franklin Resources, Inc. and Franklin
Templeton Distributors, Inc.; President and Director, Franklin Advisers, Inc.
and Franklin Investment Advisory Services, Inc.; Senior Vice President and
Director, Franklin Advisory Services, Inc.; Director, Franklin/Templeton
Investor Services, Inc.; and officer and/or director or trustee, as the case may
be, of most of the other subsidiaries of Franklin Resources, Inc. and of 53 of
the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
Edward V. McVey (61)
777 Mariners Island Blvd.
San Mateo, CA 94404
VICE PRESIDENT
Senior Vice President and National Sales Manager, Franklin Templeton
Distributors, Inc.; and officer of 28 of the investment companies in the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
R. Martin Wiskemann (72)
777 Mariners Island Blvd.
San Mateo, CA 94404
Vice President
Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager and Director, Franklin Advisers, Inc.;
Senior Vice President, Franklin Management, Inc.; Vice President and Director,
ILA Financial Services, Inc.; and officer and/or director or trustee, as the
case may be, of 15 of the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group
of Funds.
*This board member is considered an "interested person" under federal securities
laws.
The trust pays noninterested board members $1,800 per quarter plus $600 per
meeting attended. Noninterested board members may also serve as directors or
trustees of other funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds and may receive
fees from these funds for their services. The following table provides the total
fees paid to noninterested board members by the trust and by the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
NUMBER OF
TOTAL FEES BOARDS IN THE
TOTAL FEES RECEIVED FROM FRANKLIN
RECEIVED THE FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP
FROM THE TEMPLETON OF FUNDS ON
TRUST 1 GROUP OF WHICH EACH
NAME FUNDS 2 SERVES 3
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Frank T. Crohn $ 9,600 $20,400 2
Charles Rubens II $10,200 $50,400 3
Leonard Rubin $10,200 $84,900 3
1. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998.
2. For the calendar year ended December 31, 1998.
3. We base the number of boards on the number of registered investment companies
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. This number does not include the total
number of series or funds within each investment company for which the board
members are responsible. The Franklin Templeton Group of Funds currently
includes 54 registered investment companies, with approximately 164 U.S. based
funds or series.
Noninterested board members are reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection
with attending board meetings, paid pro rata by each fund in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds for which they serve as director or trustee. No officer
or board member received any other compensation, including pension or retirement
benefits, directly or indirectly from the fund or other funds in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds. Certain officers or board members who are shareholders
of Franklin Resources, Inc. may be deemed to receive indirect remuneration by
virtue of their participation, if any, in the fees paid to its subsidiaries.
MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
MANAGER AND SERVICES PROVIDED The fund's manager is Franklin
Advisory Services, Inc. The manager is wholly owned by Franklin
Resources, Inc. (Resources), a publicly owned company engaged in
the financial services industry through its subsidiaries. Charles
B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are the principal
shareholders of Resources.
The manager provides investment research and portfolio management services, and
selects the securities for the fund to buy, hold or sell. The manager also
selects the brokers who execute the fund's portfolio transactions. The manager
provides periodic reports to the board, which reviews and supervises the
manager's investment activities. To protect the fund, the manager and its
officers, directors and employees are covered by fidelity insurance.
The manager and its affiliates manage numerous other investment companies and
accounts. The manager may give advice and take action with respect to any of the
other funds it manages, or for its own account, that may differ from action
taken by the manager on behalf of the fund. Similarly, with respect to the fund,
the manager is not obligated to recommend, buy or sell, or to refrain from
recommending, buying or selling any security that the manager and access
persons, as defined by applicable federal securities laws, may buy or sell for
its or their own account or for the accounts of any other fund. The manager is
not obligated to refrain from investing in securities held by the fund or other
funds it manages. Of course, any transactions for the accounts of the manager
and other access persons will be made in compliance with the fund's code of
ethics.
Under the fund's code of ethics, employees of the Franklin Templeton Group who
are access persons may engage in personal securities transactions subject to the
following general restrictions and procedures: (i) the trade must receive
advance clearance from a compliance officer and must be completed by the close
of the business day following the day clearance is granted; (ii) copies of all
brokerage confirmations and statements must be sent to a compliance officer;
(iii) all brokerage accounts must be disclosed on an annual basis; and (iv)
access persons involved in preparing and making investment decisions must, in
addition to (i), (ii) and (iii) above, file annual reports of their securities
holdings each January and inform the compliance officer (or other designated
personnel) if they own a security that is being considered for a fund or other
client transaction or if they are recommending a security in which they have an
ownership interest for purchase or sale by a fund or other client.
MANAGEMENT FEES The fund pays the manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
o 0.75% on the first $500 million of the average daily net assets
of the fund;
o 0.625% on the next $500 million of the average daily net assets
of the fund;
o 0.50% on the average daily net assets of the fund in excess of
$1 billion.
The fee is computed daily according to the terms of the management agreement.
Each class of the fund's shares pays its proportionate share of the fee.
For the last three fiscal years ended October 31, the fund paid the following
management fees:
MANAGEMENT FEES PAID ($) 1
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 1,105,394
1997 236,315
1996 0
1. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, management fees,
before any advance waiver, totaled $1,200,877, $267,392 and $19,727,
respectively. Under an agreement by the manager to limit its fees, the fund paid
the management fees shown.
ADMINISTRATOR AND SERVICES PROVIDED Franklin Templeton Services, Inc. (FT
Services) has an agreement with the manager to provide certain administrative
services and facilities for the fund. FT Services is wholly owned by Resources
and is an affiliate of the fund's manager and principal underwriter.
The administrative services FT Services provides include preparing and
maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports, and monitoring
compliance with regulatory requirements.
ADMINISTRATION FEES The manager pays FT Services a monthly fee equal to an
annual rate of:
o 0.15% of the fund's average daily net assets up to $200 million;
o 0.135% of average daily net assets over $200 million up to $700
million;
o 0.10% of average daily net assets over $700 million up to $1.2
billion; and
o 0.075% of average daily net assets over $1.2 billion.
During the last two fiscal years ended October 31, the manager paid FT Services
the following administration fees:
ADMINISTRATION FEES PAID ($)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 240,184
1997 54,225
SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AND TRANSFER AGENT Franklin/Templeton Investor Services,
Inc. (Investor Services) is the fund's shareholder servicing agent and acts as
the fund's transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Investor Services is
located at 777 Mariners Island Blvd., P.O. Box 7777, San Mateo, CA 94403-7777.
For its services, Investor Services receives a fixed fee per account. The fund
may also reimburse Investor Services for certain out-of-pocket expenses, which
may include payments by Investor Services to entities, including affiliated
entities, that provide sub-shareholder services, recordkeeping and/or transfer
agency services to beneficial owners of the fund. The amount of reimbursements
for these services per benefit plan participant fund account per year may not
exceed the per account fee payable by the fund to Investor Services in
connection with maintaining shareholder accounts.
CUSTODIAN Bank of New York, Mutual Funds Division, 90 Washington Street, New
York, NY 10286, acts as custodian of the fund's securities and other assets.
AUDITOR PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 333 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94105,
is the fund's independent auditor. The auditor gives an opinion on the financial
statements included in the trust's Annual Report to Shareholders and reviews the
trust's registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC).
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
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The manager selects brokers and dealers to execute the fund's portfolio
transactions in accordance with criteria set forth in the management agreement
and any directions that the board may give.
When placing a portfolio transaction, the manager seeks to obtain prompt
execution of orders at the most favorable net price. For portfolio transactions
on a securities exchange, the amount of commission paid is negotiated between
the manager and the broker executing the transaction. The determination and
evaluation of the reasonableness of the brokerage commissions paid are based to
a large degree on the professional opinions of the persons responsible for
placement and review of the transactions. These opinions are based on the
experience of these individuals in the securities industry and information
available to them about the level of commissions being paid by other
institutional investors of comparable size. The manager will ordinarily place
orders to buy and sell over-the-counter securities on a principal rather than
agency basis with a principal market maker unless, in the opinion of the
manager, a better price and execution can otherwise be obtained. Purchases of
portfolio securities from underwriters will include a commission or concession
paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers will include a
spread between the bid and ask price.
The manager may pay certain brokers commissions that are higher than those
another broker may charge, if the manager determines in good faith that the
amount paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services it receives. This may be viewed in terms of either the particular
transaction or the manager's overall responsibilities to client accounts over
which it exercises investment discretion. The services that brokers may provide
to the manager include, among others, supplying information about particular
companies, markets, countries, or local, regional, national or transnational
economies, statistical data, quotations and other securities pricing
information, and other information that provides lawful and appropriate
assistance to the manager in carrying out its investment advisory
responsibilities. These services may not always directly benefit the fund. They
must, however, be of value to the manager in carrying out its overall
responsibilities to its clients.
It is not possible to place a dollar value on the special executions or on the
research services the manager receives from dealers effecting transactions in
portfolio securities. The allocation of transactions in order to obtain
additional research services allows the manager to supplement its own research
and analysis activities and to receive the views and information of individuals
and research staffs of other securities firms. As long as it is lawful and
appropriate to do so, the manager and its affiliates may use this research and
data in their investment advisory capacities with other clients. If the fund's
officers are satisfied that the best execution is obtained, the sale of fund
shares, as well as shares of other funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds, may also be considered a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to
execute the fund's portfolio transactions.
Because Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) is a member of the
National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., it may sometimes receive
certain fees when the fund tenders portfolio securities pursuant to a
tender-offer solicitation. To recapture brokerage for the benefit of the fund,
any portfolio securities tendered by the fund will be tendered through
Distributors if it is legally permissible to do so. In turn, the next management
fee payable to the manager will be reduced by the amount of any fees received by
Distributors in cash, less any costs and expenses incurred in connection with
the tender.
If purchases or sales of securities of the fund and one or more other investment
companies or clients supervised by the manager are considered at or about the
same time, transactions in these securities will be allocated among the several
investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all by the
manager, taking into account the respective sizes of the funds and the amount of
securities to be purchased or sold. In some cases this procedure could have a
detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the fund is
concerned. In other cases it is possible that the ability to participate in
volume transactions may improve execution and reduce transaction costs to the
fund.
During the last three fiscal years ended October 31, the fund paid the following
brokerage commissions:
BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS ($)
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1998 356,245
1997 179,663
1996 28,078
As of October 31, 1998, the fund did not own securities of its regular
broker-dealers.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
The fund calculates dividends and capital gains the same way for each class. The
amount of any income dividends per share will differ, however, generally due to
the difference in the distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees of each class.
The fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
DISTRIBUTIONS OF NET INVESTMENT INCOME The fund receives income generally in the
form of dividends and interest on its investments. This income, less expenses
incurred in the operation of the fund, constitutes the fund's net investment
income from which dividends may be paid to you. Any distributions by the fund
from such income will be taxable to you as ordinary income, whether you take
them in cash or in additional shares.
DISTRIBUTIONS OF CAPITAL GAINS The fund may derive capital gains and losses in
connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities.
Distributions from net short-term capital gains will be taxable to you as
ordinary income. Distributions from net long-term capital gains will be taxable
to you as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long you have held your
shares in the fund. Any net capital gains realized by the fund generally will be
distributed once each year, and may be distributed more frequently, if
necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate excise or income taxes on the fund.
EFFECT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ON DISTRIBUTIONS Most foreign exchange gains
realized on the sale of debt securities are treated as ordinary income by the
fund. Similarly, foreign exchange losses realized by the fund on the sale of
debt securities are generally treated as ordinary losses by the fund. These
gains when distributed will be taxable to you as ordinary dividends, and any
losses will reduce the fund's ordinary income otherwise available for
distribution to you. This treatment could increase or reduce the fund's ordinary
income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the fund's previously
distributed income to be classified as a return of capital.
INFORMATION ON THE TAX CHARACTER OF DISTRIBUTIONS The fund will inform you of
the amount of your ordinary income dividends and capital gains distributions at
the time they are paid, and will advise you of their tax status for federal
income tax purposes shortly after the close of each calendar year. If you have
not held fund shares for a full year, the fund may designate and distribute to
you, as ordinary income or capital gain, a percentage of income that is not
equal to the actual amount of such income earned during the period of your
investment in the fund.
ELECTION TO BE TAXED AS A REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANY The fund has elected to
be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code, has qualified as such for its most recent fiscal year, and intends
to so qualify during the current fiscal year. As a regulated investment company,
the fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it
distributes to you. The board reserves the right not to maintain the
qualification of the fund as a regulated investment company if it determines
such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. In such case, the fund
will be subject to federal, and possibly state, corporate taxes on its taxable
income and gains, and distributions to you will be taxed as ordinary dividend
income to the extent of the fund's earnings and profits.
EXCISE TAX DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS To avoid federal excise taxes, the Internal
Revenue Code requires the fund to distribute to you by December 31 of each year,
at a minimum, the following amounts: 98% of its taxable ordinary income earned
during the calendar year; 98% of its capital gain net income earned during the
twelve month period ending October 31; and 100% of any undistributed amounts
from the prior year. The fund intends to declare and pay these amounts in
December (or in January that are treated by you as received in December) to
avoid these excise taxes, but can give no assurances that its distributions will
be sufficient to eliminate all taxes.
REDEMPTION OF FUND SHARES Redemptions and exchanges of fund shares are taxable
transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you redeem your fund
shares, or exchange your fund shares for shares of a different Franklin
Templeton Fund, the IRS will require that you report a gain or loss on your
redemption or exchange. If you hold your shares as a capital asset, the gain or
loss that you realize will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term or
short-term, generally depending on how long you hold your shares. Any loss
incurred on the redemption or exchange of shares held for six months or less
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term
capital gains distributed to you by the fund on those shares.
All or a portion of any loss that you realize upon the redemption of your fund
shares will be disallowed to the extent that you buy other shares in the fund
(through reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within 30 days before or after
your share redemption. Any loss disallowed under these rules will be added to
your tax basis in the new shares you buy.
DEFERRAL OF BASIS If you redeem some or all of your shares in the fund, and then
reinvest the sales proceeds in the fund or in another Franklin Templeton Fund
within 90 days of buying the original shares, the sales charge that would
otherwise apply to your reinvestment may be reduced or eliminated. The IRS will
require you to report gain or loss on the redemption of your original shares in
the fund. In doing so, all or a portion of the sales charge that you paid for
your original shares in the fund will be excluded from your tax basis in the
shares sold (for the purpose of determining gain or loss upon the sale of such
shares). The portion of the sales charge excluded will equal the amount that the
sales charge is reduced on your reinvestment. Any portion of the sales charge
excluded from your tax basis in the shares sold will be added to the tax basis
of the shares you acquire from your reinvestment.
DIVIDENDS-RECEIVED DEDUCTION FOR CORPORATIONS If you are a corporate
shareholder, you should note that 100% of the dividends paid by the fund for the
most recent fiscal year qualified for the dividends-received deduction. In some
circumstances, you will be allowed to deduct these qualified dividends, thereby
reducing the tax that you would otherwise be required to pay on these dividends.
The dividends-received deduction will be available only with respect to
dividends designated by the fund as eligible for such treatment. All dividends
(including the deducted portion) must be included in your alternative minimum
taxable income calculation.
INVESTMENT IN COMPLEX SECURITIES The fund may invest in complex securities.
These investments may be subject to numerous special and complex tax rules.
These rules could affect whether gains and losses recognized by the fund are
treated as ordinary income or capital gain, accelerate the recognition of income
to the fund and/or defer the fund's ability to recognize losses, and, in limited
cases, subject the fund to U.S. federal income tax on income from certain of its
foreign securities. In turn, these rules may affect the amount, timing or
character of the income distributed to you by the fund.
ORGANIZATION, VOTING RIGHTS
AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS
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The fund is a non-diversified series of Franklin Value Investors Trust, an
open-end management investment company, commonly called a mutual fund. The trust
was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on September 11, 1989, and is
registered with the SEC.
As a shareholder of a Massachusetts business trust, you could, under certain
circumstances, be held personally liable as a partner for its obligations. The
Agreement and Declaration of Trust, however, contains an express disclaimer of
shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the fund. The Declaration of
Trust also provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of the
fund's assets if you are held personally liable for obligations of the fund. The
Declaration of Trust provides that the fund shall, upon request, assume the
defense of any claim made against you for any act or obligation of the fund and
satisfy any judgment thereon. All such rights are limited to the assets of the
fund. The Declaration of Trust further provides that the fund may maintain
appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and omissions
insurance) for the protection of the fund, its shareholders, trustees, officers,
employees and agents to cover possible tort and other liabilities. Furthermore,
the activities of the fund as an investment company, as distinguished from an
operating company, would not likely give rise to liabilities in excess of the
fund's total assets. Thus, the risk that you would incur financial loss on
account of shareholder liability is limited to the unlikely circumstance in
which both inadequate insurance exists and the fund itself is unable to meet its
obligations.
The fund currently offers four classes of shares, Class A, Class B, Class C and
Advisor Class. Before January 1, 1999, Class A shares were designated Class I
and Class C shares were designated Class II. The fund began offering Class B
shares on January 1, 1999. The fund may offer additional classes of shares in
the future. The full title of each class is:
o Franklin Value Fund - Class A
o Franklin Value Fund - Class B
o Franklin Value Fund - Class C
o Franklin Value Fund - Advisor Class
Shares of each class represent proportionate interests in the fund's assets. On
matters that affect the fund as a whole, each class has the same voting and
other rights and preferences as any other class. On matters that affect only one
class, only shareholders of that class may vote. Each class votes separately on
matters affecting only that class, or expressly required to be voted on
separately by state or federal law. Shares of each class of a series have the
same voting and other rights and preferences as the other classes and series of
the trust for matters that affect the trust as a whole. Additional series may be
offered in the future.
The trust has noncumulative voting rights. For board member elections, this
gives holders of more than 50% of the shares voting the ability to elect all of
the members of the board. If this happens, holders of the remaining shares
voting will not be able to elect anyone to the board.
The trust does not intend to hold annual shareholder meetings. The trust or a
series of the trust may hold special meetings, however, for matters requiring
shareholder approval. A meeting may be called by the board to consider the
removal of a board member if requested in writing by shareholders holding at
least 10% of the outstanding shares. In certain circumstances, we are required
to help you communicate with other shareholders about the removal of a board
member. A special meeting may also be called by the board in its discretion.
As of December 7, 1998, the principal shareholders of the fund, beneficial or of
record, were:
SHARE PERCENTAGE
NAME AND ADDRESS CLASS (%)
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Franklin Templeton Trust
Company Trust Services
FBO Martin Wiskemann
P.O. Box 5086
San Mateo, CA 94402-0086 Advisor 13.59
Franklin Templeton Trust
Company Trust Services
FBO Charles Rubens II
P.O. Box 5086
San Mateo, CA 94402-0086 Advisor 9.37
Franklin Templeton
Trust Company 1,
Trustee for ValuSelect
Franklin Resources PSP
P.O. Box 2438
Rancho Cordova, CA
95741-2438 Advisor 30.87
1. Franklin Templeton Trust Company is a California corporation and is wholly
owned by Franklin Resources, Inc.
From time to time, the number of fund shares held in the "street name" accounts
of various securities dealers for the benefit of their clients or in centralized
securities depositories may exceed 5% of the total shares outstanding.
As of December 7, 1998, the officers and board members, as a group, owned of
record and beneficially 24.05% of the fund's Advisor Class shares and less than
1% of the outstanding shares of the fund's other classes. The board members may
own shares in other funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
BUYING AND SELLING SHARES
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The fund continuously offers its shares through securities dealers who have an
agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors). A
securities dealer includes any financial institution that, either directly or
through affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders
and accounts with the fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not
indicate a legal conclusion of capacity. Banks and financial institutions that
sell shares of the fund may be required by state law to register as securities
dealers.
For investors outside the U.S., the offering of fund shares may be limited in
many jurisdictions. An investor who wishes to buy shares of the fund should
determine, or have a broker-dealer determine, the applicable laws and
regulations of the relevant jurisdiction. Investors are responsible for
compliance with tax, currency exchange or other regulations applicable to
redemption and purchase transactions in any jurisdiction to which they may be
subject. Investors should consult appropriate tax and legal advisors to obtain
information on the rules applicable to these transactions.
All checks, drafts, wires and other payment mediums used to buy or sell shares
of the fund must be denominated in U.S. dollars. We may, in our sole discretion,
either (a) reject any order to buy or sell shares denominated in any other
currency or (b) honor the transaction or make adjustments to your account for
the transaction as of a date and with a foreign currency exchange factor
determined by the drawee bank.
When you buy shares, if you submit a check or a draft that is returned unpaid to
the fund we may impose a $10 charge against your account for each returned item.
If you buy shares through the reinvestment of dividends, the shares will be
purchased at the net asset value determined on the business day following the
dividend record date (sometimes known as the "ex-dividend date"). The processing
date for the reinvestment of dividends may vary and does not affect the amount
or value of the shares acquired.
INITIAL SALES CHARGES The maximum initial sales charge is 5.75% for Class A and
1% for Class C. There is no initial sales charge for Class B.
The initial sales charge for Class A shares may be reduced for certain large
purchases, as described in the prospectus. We offer several ways for you to
combine your purchases in the Franklin Templeton Funds to take advantage of the
lower sales charges for large purchases. The Franklin Templeton Funds include
the U.S. registered mutual funds in the Franklin Group of Funds(R) and the
Templeton Group of Funds except Franklin Valuemark Funds, Templeton Capital
Accumulator Fund, Inc., and Templeton Variable Products Series Fund.
CUMULATIVE QUANTITY DISCOUNT. For purposes of calculating the sales charge on
Class A shares, you may combine the amount of your current purchase with the
cost or current value, whichever is higher, of your existing shares in the
Franklin Templeton Funds. You may also combine the shares of your spouse,
children under the age of 21 or grandchildren under the age of 21. If you are
the sole owner of a company, you may also add any company accounts, including
retirement plan accounts. Companies with one or more retirement plans may add
together the total plan assets invested in the Franklin Templeton Funds to
determine the sales charge that applies.
LETTER OF INTENT (LOI). You may buy Class A shares at a reduced sales charge by
completing the letter of intent section of your account application. A letter of
intent is a commitment by you to invest a specified dollar amount during a 13
month period. The amount you agree to invest determines the sales charge you
pay. By completing the letter of intent section of the application, you
acknowledge and agree to the following:
o You authorize Distributors to reserve 5% of your total intended purchase in
Class A shares registered in your name until you fulfill your LOI. Your
periodic statements will include the reserved shares in the total shares you
own, and we will pay or reinvest dividend and capital gain distributions on
the reserved shares according to the distribution option you have chosen.
o You give Distributors a security interest in the reserved shares and appoint
Distributors as attorney-in-fact.
o Distributors may sell any or all of the reserved shares to cover any
additional sales charge if you do not fulfill the terms of the LOI.
o Although you may exchange your shares, you may not sell reserved shares until
you complete the LOI or pay the higher sales charge.
After you file your LOI with the fund, you may buy Class A shares at the sales
charge applicable to the amount specified in your LOI. Sales charge reductions
based on purchases in more than one Franklin Templeton Fund will be effective
only after notification to Distributors that the investment qualifies for a
discount. Any Class A purchases you made within 90 days before you filed your
LOI may also qualify for a retroactive reduction in the sales charge. If you
file your LOI with the fund before a change in the fund's sales charge, you may
complete the LOI at the lower of the new sales charge or the sales charge in
effect when the LOI was filed.
Your holdings in the Franklin Templeton Funds acquired more than 90 days before
you filed your LOI will be counted towards the completion of the LOI, but they
will not be entitled to a retroactive reduction in the sales charge. Any
redemptions you make during the 13 month period, except in the case of certain
retirement plans, will be subtracted from the amount of the purchases for
purposes of determining whether the terms of the LOI have been completed.
If the terms of your LOI are met, the reserved shares will be deposited to an
account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct. If the amount of your
total purchases, less redemptions, is more than the amount specified in your LOI
and is an amount that would qualify for a further sales charge reduction, a
retroactive price adjustment will be made by Distributors and the securities
dealer through whom purchases were made. The price adjustment will be made on
purchases made within 90 days before and on those made after you filed your LOI
and will be applied towards the purchase of additional shares at the offering
price applicable to a single purchase or the dollar amount of the total
purchases.
If the amount of your total purchases, less redemptions, is less than the amount
specified in your LOI, the sales charge will be adjusted upward, depending on
the actual amount purchased (less redemptions) during the period. You will need
to send Distributors an amount equal to the difference in the actual dollar
amount of sales charge paid and the amount of sales charge that would have
applied to the total purchases if the total of the purchases had been made at
one time. Upon payment of this amount, the reserved shares held for your account
will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you
direct. If within 20 days after written request the difference in sales charge
is not paid, we will redeem an appropriate number of reserved shares to realize
the difference. If you redeem the total amount in your account before you
fulfill your LOI, we will deduct the additional sales charge due from the sale
proceeds and forward the balance to you.
For LOIs filed on behalf of certain retirement plans, the level and any
reduction in sales charge for these plans will be based on actual plan
participation and the projected investments in the Franklin Templeton Funds
under the LOI. These plans are not subject to the requirement to reserve 5% of
the total intended purchase or to the policy on upward adjustments in sales
charges described above, or to any penalty as a result of the early termination
of a plan, nor are these plans entitled to receive retroactive adjustments in
price for investments made before executing the LOI.
Group purchases. If you are a member of a qualified group, you may buy Class A
shares at a reduced sales charge that applies to the group as a whole. The sales
charge is based on the combined dollar value of the group members' existing
investments, plus the amount of the current purchase.
A qualified group is one that:
o Was formed at least six months ago,
o Has a purpose other than buying fund shares at a discount,
o Has more than 10 members,
o Can arrange for meetings between our representatives and group
members,
o Agrees to include Franklin Templeton Fund sales and other materials in
publications and mailings to its members at reduced or no cost to
Distributors,
o Agrees to arrange for payroll deduction or other bulk
transmission of investments to the fund, and
o Meets other uniform criteria that allow Distributors to achieve cost savings
in distributing shares.
A qualified group does not include a 403(b) plan that only allows salary
deferral contributions, although any such plan that purchased the fund's Class A
shares at a reduced sales charge under the group purchase privilege before
February 1, 1998, may continue to do so.
WAIVERS FOR INVESTMENTS FROM CERTAIN PAYMENTS. Class A shares may be purchased
without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by
investors who reinvest within 365 days:
o Dividend and capital gain distributions from any Franklin Templeton Fund. The
distributions generally must be reinvested in the same share class. Certain
exceptions apply, however, to Class C shareholders who chose to reinvest their
distributions in Class A shares of the fund before November 17, 1997, and to
Advisor Class or Class Z shareholders of a Franklin Templeton Fund who may
reinvest their distributions in the fund's Class A shares. This waiver
category also applies to Class B and C shares.
o Dividend or capital gain distributions from a real estate investment trust
(REIT) sponsored or advised by Franklin Properties, Inc.
o Annuity payments received under either an annuity option or from death benefit
proceeds, if the annuity contract offers as an investment option the Franklin
Valuemark Funds or the Templeton Variable Products Series Fund. You should
contact your tax advisor for information on any tax consequences that may
apply.
o Redemption proceeds from a repurchase of shares of Franklin Floating Rate
Trust, if the shares were continuously held for at least 12 months.
If you immediately placed your redemption proceeds in a Franklin Bank CD or a
Franklin Templeton money fund, you may reinvest them as described above. The
proceeds must be reinvested within 365 days from the date the CD matures,
including any rollover, or the date you redeem your money fund shares.
o Redemption proceeds from the sale of Class A shares of any of the Templeton
Global Strategy Funds if you are a qualified investor.
If you paid a CDSC when you redeemed your Class A shares from a Templeton Global
Strategy Fund, a new CDSC will apply to your purchase of fund shares and the
CDSC holding period will begin again. We will, however, credit your fund account
with additional shares based on the CDSC you previously paid and the amount of
the redemption proceeds that you reinvest.
If you immediately placed your redemption proceeds in a Franklin Templeton money
fund, you may reinvest them as described above. The proceeds must be reinvested
within 365 days from the date they are redeemed from the money fund.
o Distributions from an existing retirement plan invested in the
Franklin Templeton Funds
WAIVERS FOR CERTAIN INVESTORS. Class A shares may also be purchased without an
initial sales charge or CDSC by various individuals and institutions due to
anticipated economies in sales efforts and expenses, including:
o Trust companies and bank trust departments agreeing to invest in Franklin
Templeton Funds over a 13 month period at least $1 million of assets held in a
fiduciary, agency, advisory, custodial or similar capacity and over which the
trust companies and bank trust departments or other plan fiduciaries or
participants, in the case of certain retirement plans, have full or shared
investment discretion. We will accept orders for these accounts by mail
accompanied by a check or by telephone or other means of electronic data
transfer directly from the bank or trust company, with payment by federal
funds received by the close of business on the next business day following the
order.
o Any state or local government or any instrumentality, department, authority or
agency thereof that has determined the fund is a legally permissible
investment and that can only buy fund shares without paying sales charges.
Please consult your legal and investment advisors to determine if an
investment in the fund is permissible and suitable for you and the effect, if
any, of payments by the fund on arbitrage rebate calculations.
o Broker-dealers, registered investment advisors or certified financial planners
who have entered into an agreement with Distributors for clients participating
in comprehensive fee programs
o Qualified registered investment advisors who buy through a broker-dealer or
service agent who has entered into an agreement with Distributors
o Registered securities dealers and their affiliates, for their
investment accounts only
o Current employees of securities dealers and their affiliates and their family
members, as allowed by the internal policies of their employer
o Officers, trustees, directors and full-time employees of the Franklin
Templeton Funds or the Franklin Templeton Group, and their family members,
consistent with our then-current policies
o Any investor who is currently a Class Z shareholder of Franklin Mutual Series
Fund Inc. (Mutual Series), or who is a former Mutual Series Class Z
shareholder who had an account in any Mutual Series fund on October 31, 1996,
or who sold his or her shares of Mutual Series Class Z within the past 365
days
o Investment companies exchanging shares or selling assets
pursuant to a merger, acquisition or exchange offer
o Accounts managed by the Franklin Templeton Group
o Certain unit investment trusts and their holders reinvesting
distributions from the trusts
o Group annuity separate accounts offered to retirement plans
o Chilean retirement plans that meet the requirements described
under "Retirement plans" below
In addition, Class C shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge by
any investor who buys Class C shares through an omnibus account with Merrill
Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, Inc. A CDSC may apply, however, if the shares are
sold within 18 months of purchase.
RETIREMENT PLANS. Retirement plans sponsored by an employer (i) with at least
100 employees, or (ii) with retirement plan assets of $1 million or more, or
(iii) that agrees to invest at least $500,000 in the Franklin Templeton Funds
over a 13 month period may buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge.
Retirement plans that are not qualified retirement plans (employer sponsored
pension or profit-sharing plans that qualify under section 401 of the Internal
Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and
defined benefit plans), SIMPLEs (savings incentive match plans for employees) or
SEPs (employer sponsored simplified employee pension plans established under
section 408(k) of the Internal Revenue Code) must also meet the group purchase
requirements described above to be able to buy Class A shares without an initial
sales charge. We may enter into a special arrangement with a securities dealer,
based on criteria established by the fund, to add together certain small
qualified retirement plan accounts for the purpose of meeting these
requirements.
For retirement plan accounts opened on or after May 1, 1997, a CDSC may apply if
the retirement plan is transferred out of the Franklin Templeton Funds or
terminated within 365 days of the retirement plan account's initial purchase in
the Franklin Templeton Funds.
SALES IN TAIWAN. Under agreements with certain banks in Taiwan, Republic of
China, the fund's shares are available to these banks' trust accounts without a
sales charge. The banks may charge service fees to their customers who
participate in the trusts. A portion of these service fees may be paid to
Distributors or one of its affiliates to help defray expenses of maintaining a
service office in Taiwan, including expenses related to local literature
fulfillment and communication facilities.
The fund's Class A shares may be offered to investors in Taiwan through
securities advisory firms known locally as Securities Investment Consulting
Enterprises. In conformity with local business practices in Taiwan, Class A
shares may be offered with the following schedule of sales charges:
SALES CHARGE
SIZE OF PURCHASE - U.S. DOLLARS (%)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Under $30,000 3.0
$30,000 but less than $50,000 2.5
$50,000 but less than $100,000 2.0
$100,000 but less than $200,000 1.5
$200,000 but less than $400,000 1.0
$400,000 or more 0
DEALER COMPENSATION Securities dealers may at times receive the entire sales
charge. A securities dealer who receives 90% or more of the sales charge may be
deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Financial
institutions or their affiliated brokers may receive an agency transaction fee
in the percentages indicated in the dealer compensation table in the fund's
prospectus.
Distributors may pay the following commissions, out of its own resources, to
securities dealers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of Class A
shares of $1 million or more: 1% on sales of $1 million to $2 million, plus
0.80% on sales over $2 million to $3 million, plus 0.50% on sales over $3
million to $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales over $50 million to $100 million,
plus 0.15% on sales over $100 million.
Either Distributors or one of its affiliates may pay the following amounts, out
of its own resources, to securities dealers who initiate and are responsible for
purchases of Class A shares by certain retirement plans without an initial sales
charge: 1% on sales of $500,000 to $2 million, plus 0.80% on sales over $2
million to $3 million, plus 0.50% on sales over $3 million to $50 million, plus
0.25% on sales over $50 million to $100 million, plus 0.15% on sales over $100
million. Distributors may make these payments in the form of contingent advance
payments, which may be recovered from the securities dealer or set off against
other payments due to the dealer if shares are sold within 12 months of the
calendar month of purchase. Other conditions may apply. All terms and conditions
may be imposed by an agreement between Distributors, or one of its affiliates,
and the securities dealer.
These breakpoints are reset every 12 months for purposes of additional
purchases.
Distributors and/or its affiliates provide financial support to various
securities dealers that sell shares of the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
This support is based primarily on the amount of sales of fund shares. The
amount of support may be affected by: total sales; net sales; levels of
redemptions; the proportion of a securities dealer's sales and marketing efforts
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds; a securities dealer's support of, and
participation in, Distributors' marketing programs; a securities dealer's
compensation programs for its registered representatives; and the extent of a
securities dealer's marketing programs relating to the Franklin Templeton Group
of Funds. Financial support to securities dealers may be made by payments from
Distributors' resources, from Distributors' retention of underwriting
concessions and, in the case of funds that have Rule 12b-1 plans, from payments
to Distributors under such plans. In addition, certain securities dealers may
receive brokerage commissions generated by fund portfolio transactions in
accordance with the rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers,
Inc.
Distributors routinely sponsors due diligence meetings for registered
representatives during which they receive updates on various Franklin Templeton
Funds and are afforded the opportunity to speak with portfolio managers.
Invitation to these meetings is not conditioned on selling a specific number of
shares. Those who have shown an interest in the Franklin Templeton Funds,
however, are more likely to be considered. To the extent permitted by their
firm's policies and procedures, registered representatives' expenses in
attending these meetings may be covered by Distributors.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE (CDSC) If you invest $1 million or more in
Class A shares, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount
or letter of intent programs, a CDSC may apply on any shares you sell within 12
months of purchase. For Class C shares, a CDSC may apply if you sell your shares
within 18 months of purchase. The CDSC is 1% of the value of the shares sold or
the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
Certain retirement plan accounts opened on or after May 1, 1997, and that
qualify to buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge may also be
subject to a CDSC if the retirement plan is transferred out of the Franklin
Templeton Funds or terminated within 365 days of the account's initial purchase
in the Franklin Templeton Funds.
For Class B shares, there is a CDSC if you sell your shares within six years, as
described in the table below. The charge is based on the value of the shares
sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
IF YOU SELL YOUR CLASS B SHARES THIS % IS DEDUCTED
WITHIN THIS MANY YEARS FROM YOUR PROCEEDS
AFTER BUYING THEM AS A CDSC
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Year 4
2 Years 4
3 Years 3
4 Years 3
5 Years 2
6 Years 1
7 Years 0
CDSC WAIVERS. The CDSC for any share class will generally be waived for:
o Account fees
o Sales of Class A shares purchased without an initial sales charge by certain
retirement plan accounts if (i) the account was opened before May 1, 1997, or
(ii) the securities dealer of record received a payment from Distributors of
0.25% or less, or (iii) Distributors did not make any payment in connection
with the purchase, or (iv) the securities dealer of record has entered into a
supplemental agreement with Distributors
o Redemptions of Class A shares by investors who purchased $1 million or more
without an initial sales charge if Distributors did not make any payment to
the securities dealer of record in connection with the purchase
o Redemptions by the fund when an account falls below the minimum
required account size
o Redemptions following the death of the shareholder or
beneficial owner
o Redemptions through a systematic withdrawal plan up to 1% monthly, 3%
quarterly, 6% semiannually or 12% annually of your account's net asset value
depending on the frequency of your plan
o Redemptions by Franklin Templeton Trust Company employee benefit plans or
employee benefit plans serviced by ValuSelect(R) (not applicable to Class B)
o Distributions from individual retirement accounts (IRAs) due to death or
disability or upon periodic distributions based on life expectancy (for Class
B, this applies to all retirement plan accounts, not only IRAs)
o Returns of excess contributions (and earnings, if applicable)
from retirement plan accounts
o Participant initiated distributions from employee benefit plans or participant
initiated exchanges among investment choices in employee benefit plans (not
applicable to Class B)
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE If you request the exchange of the total value of your
account, declared but unpaid income dividends and capital gain distributions
will be reinvested in the fund and exchanged into the new fund at net asset
value when paid. Backup withholding and information reporting may apply.
If a substantial number of shareholders should, within a short period, sell
their fund shares under the exchange privilege, the fund might have to sell
portfolio securities it might otherwise hold and incur the additional costs
related to such transactions. On the other hand, increased use of the exchange
privilege may result in periodic large inflows of money. If this occurs, it is
the fund's general policy to initially invest this money in short-term,
interest-bearing money market instruments unless it is believed that attractive
investment opportunities consistent with the fund's investment goal exist
immediately. This money will then be withdrawn from the short-term,
interest-bearing money market instruments and invested in portfolio securities
in as orderly a manner as is possible when attractive investment opportunities
arise.
The proceeds from the sale of shares of an investment company are generally not
available until the seventh day following the sale. The funds you are seeking to
exchange into may delay issuing shares pursuant to an exchange until that
seventh day. The sale of fund shares to complete an exchange will be effected at
net asset value at the close of business on the day the request for exchange is
received in proper form.
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN Our systematic withdrawal plan allows you to sell
your shares and receive regular payments from your account on a monthly,
quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. The value of your account must be at
least $5,000 and the minimum payment amount for each withdrawal must be at least
$50. For retirement plans subject to mandatory distribution requirements, the
$50 minimum will not apply. There are no service charges for establishing or
maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan. Once your plan is established, any
distributions paid by the fund will be automatically reinvested in your account.
Payments under the plan will be made from the redemption of an equivalent amount
of shares in your account, generally on the 25th day of the month in which a
payment is scheduled. If the 25th falls on a weekend or holiday, we will process
the redemption on the next business day. When you sell your shares under a
systematic withdrawal plan, it is a taxable transaction.
To avoid paying sales charges on money you plan to withdraw within a short
period of time, you may not want to set up a systematic withdrawal plan if you
plan to buy shares on a regular basis. Shares sold under the plan may also be
subject to a CDSC.
Redeeming shares through a systematic withdrawal plan may reduce or exhaust the
shares in your account if payments exceed distributions received from the fund.
This is especially likely to occur if there is a market decline. If a withdrawal
amount exceeds the value of your account, your account will be closed and the
remaining balance in your account will be sent to you. Because the amount
withdrawn under the plan may be more than your actual yield or income, part of
the payment may be a return of your investment.
You may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan, change the amount and schedule
of withdrawal payments, or suspend one payment by notifying us by mail or by
phone at least seven business days before the end of the month preceding a
scheduled payment. The fund may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan by
notifying you in writing and will automatically discontinue a systematic
withdrawal plan if all shares in your account are withdrawn or if the fund
receives notification of the shareholder's death or incapacity.
REDEMPTIONS IN KIND The fund has committed itself to pay in cash (by check) all
requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount,
however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value
of the fund's net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period. This commitment
is irrevocable without the prior approval of the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC). In the case of redemption requests in excess of these amounts,
the board reserves the right to make payments in whole or in part in securities
or other assets of the fund, in case of an emergency, or if the payment of such
a redemption in cash would be detrimental to the existing shareholders of the
fund. In these circumstances, the securities distributed would be valued at the
price used to compute the fund's net assets and you may incur brokerage fees in
converting the securities to cash. The fund does not intend to redeem illiquid
securities in kind. If this happens, however, you may not be able to recover
your investment in a timely manner.
SHARE CERTIFICATES We will credit your shares to your fund account. We do not
issue share certificates unless you specifically request them. This eliminates
the costly problem of replacing lost, stolen or destroyed certificates. If a
certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, you may have to pay an insurance
premium of up to 2% of the value of the certificate to replace it.
Any outstanding share certificates must be returned to the fund if you want to
sell or exchange those shares or if you would like to start a systematic
withdrawal plan. The certificates should be properly endorsed. You can do this
either by signing the back of the certificate or by completing a share
assignment form. For your protection, you may prefer to complete a share
assignment form and to send the certificate and assignment form in separate
envelopes.
GENERAL INFORMATION If dividend checks are returned to the fund marked "unable
to forward" by the postal service, we will consider this a request by you to
change your dividend option to reinvest all distributions. The proceeds will be
reinvested in additional shares at net asset value until we receive new
instructions.
Distribution or redemption checks sent to you do not earn interest or any other
income during the time the checks remain uncashed. Neither the fund nor its
affiliates will be liable for any loss caused by your failure to cash such
checks. The fund is not responsible for tracking down uncashed checks, unless a
check is returned as undeliverable.
In most cases, if mail is returned as undeliverable we are required to take
certain steps to try to find you free of charge. If these attempts are
unsuccessful, however, we may deduct the costs of any additional efforts to find
you from your account. These costs may include a percentage of the account when
a search company charges a percentage fee in exchange for its location services.
The wiring of redemption proceeds is a special service that we make available
whenever possible. By offering this service to you, the fund is not bound to
meet any redemption request in less than the seven day period prescribed by law.
Neither the fund nor its agents shall be liable to you or any other person if,
for any reason, a redemption request by wire is not processed as described in
the prospectus.
Franklin Templeton Investor Services, Inc. (Investor Services) may pay certain
financial institutions that maintain omnibus accounts with the fund on behalf of
numerous beneficial owners for recordkeeping operations performed with respect
to such owners. For each beneficial owner in the omnibus account, the fund may
reimburse Investor Services an amount not to exceed the per account fee that the
fund normally pays Investor Services. These financial institutions may also
charge a fee for their services directly to their clients.
If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, we use the net asset
value next calculated after your securities dealer receives your request, which
is promptly transmitted to the fund. If you sell shares through your securities
dealer, it is your dealer's responsibility to transmit the order to the fund in
a timely fashion. Your redemption proceeds will not earn interest between the
time we receive the order from your dealer and the time we receive any required
documents. Any loss to you resulting from your dealer's failure to transmit your
redemption order to the fund in a timely fashion must be settled between you and
your securities dealer.
Certain shareholder servicing agents may be authorized to accept your
transaction request.
For institutional accounts, there may be additional methods of buying or selling
fund shares than those described in this SAI or in the prospectus.
In the event of disputes involving multiple claims of ownership or authority to
control your account, the fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (a)
freeze the account and require the written agreement of all persons deemed by
the fund to have a potential property interest in the account, before executing
instructions regarding the account; (b) interplead disputed funds or accounts
with a court of competent jurisdiction; or (c) surrender ownership of all or a
portion of the account to the IRS in response to a notice of levy.
PRICING SHARES
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
When you buy shares, you pay the offering price. The offering price is the net
asset value (NAV) per share plus any applicable sales charge, calculated to two
decimal places using standard rounding criteria. When you sell shares, you
receive the NAV minus any applicable CDSC.
The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting the fund's liabilities
from the total assets of the portfolio. The net asset value per share is
determined by dividing the net asset value of the fund by the number of shares
outstanding.
The fund calculates the NAV per share of each class each business day at the
close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 1:00 p.m. pacific
time). The fund does not calculate the NAV on days the New York Stock Exchange
(NYSE) is closed for trading, which include New Year's Day, Martin Luther King
Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor
Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
When determining its NAV, the fund values cash and receivables at their
realizable amounts, and records interest as accrued and dividends on the
ex-dividend date. If market quotations are readily available for portfolio
securities listed on a securities exchange or on the NASDAQ National Market
System, the fund values those securities at the last quoted sale price of the
day or, if there is no reported sale, within the range of the most recent quoted
bid and ask prices. The fund values over-the-counter portfolio securities within
the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. If portfolio securities
trade both in the over-the-counter market and on a stock exchange, the fund
values them according to the broadest and most representative market as
determined by the manager.
The fund values portfolio securities underlying actively traded call options at
their market price as determined above. The current market value of any option
the fund holds is its last sale price on the relevant exchange before the fund
values its assets. If there are no sales that day or if the last sale price is
outside the bid and ask prices, the fund values options within the range of the
current closing bid and ask prices if the fund believes the valuation fairly
reflects the contract's market value.
The fund determines the value of a foreign security as of the close of trading
on the foreign exchange on which the security is traded or as of the close of
trading on the NYSE, if that is earlier. The value is then converted into its
U.S. dollar equivalent at the foreign exchange rate in effect at noon, New York
time, on the day the value of the foreign security is determined. If no sale is
reported at that time, the foreign security is valued within the range of the
most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Occasionally events that affect the
values of foreign securities and foreign exchange rates may occur between the
times at which they are determined and the close of the exchange and will,
therefore, not be reflected in the computation of the NAV. If events materially
affecting the values of these foreign securities occur during this period, the
securities will be valued in accordance with procedures established by the
board.
Generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money
market instruments is substantially completed each day at various times before
the close of the NYSE. The value of these securities used in computing the NAV
is determined as of such times. Occasionally, events affecting the values of
these securities may occur between the times at which they are determined and
the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in the computation of the NAV.
If events materially affecting the values of these securities occur during this
period, the securities will be valued at their fair value as determined in good
faith by the board.
Other securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at
the current market price, which may be obtained from a pricing service, based on
a variety of factors including recent trades, institutional size trading in
similar types of securities (considering yield, risk and maturity) and/or
developments related to specific issues. Securities and other assets for which
market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined
following procedures approved by the board. With the approval of the board, the
fund may use a pricing service, bank or securities dealer to perform any of the
above described functions.
THE UNDERWRITER
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) acts as the principal
underwriter in the continuous public offering of the fund's shares. Distributors
is located at 777 Mariners Island Blvd., San Mateo, CA 94404.
Distributors pays the expenses of the distribution of fund shares, including
advertising expenses and the costs of printing sales material and prospectuses
used to offer shares to the public. The fund pays the expenses of preparing and
printing amendments to its registration statements and prospectuses (other than
those necessitated by the activities of Distributors) and of sending
prospectuses to existing shareholders.
The table below shows the aggregate underwriting commissions Distributors
received in connection with the offering of the fund's shares, the net
underwriting discounts and commissions Distributors retained after allowances to
dealers, and the amounts Distributors received in connection with redemptions or
repurchases of shares for the last three fiscal years ended October 31:
TOTAL AMOUNT IN CONNECTION WITH
COMMISSIONS RETAINED BY REDEMPTIONS AND
RECEIVED ($) DISTRIBUTORS ($) REPURCHASES ($)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 2,113,491 196,714 32,447
1997 1,093,247 235,879 4,616
1996 136,088 14,930 0
Distributors may be entitled to reimbursement under the Rule 12b-1 plans, as
discussed below. Except as noted, Distributors received no other compensation
from the fund for acting as underwriter.
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE (12B-1) FEES Each class has a separate distribution or
"Rule 12b-1" plan. Under each plan, the fund shall pay or may reimburse
Distributors or others for the expenses of activities that are primarily
intended to sell shares of the class. These expenses may include, among others,
distribution or service fees paid to securities dealers or others who have
executed a servicing agreement with the fund, Distributors or its affiliates; a
prorated portion of Distributors' overhead expenses; and the expenses of
printing prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, and preparing and
distributing sales literature and advertisements.
The distribution and service (12b-1) fees charged to each class are based only
on the fees attributable to that particular class.
THE CLASS A PLAN. Payments by the fund under the Class A plan may not exceed
0.35% per year of Class A's average daily net assets, payable quarterly. All
distribution expenses over this amount will be borne by those who have incurred
them.
THE CLASS B AND C PLANS. Under the Class B and C plans, the fund pays
Distributors up to 0.75% per year of the class's average daily net assets,
payable quarterly, to pay Distributors or others for providing distribution and
related services and bearing certain expenses. All distribution expenses over
this amount will be borne by those who have incurred them. The fund may also pay
a servicing fee of up to 0.25% per year of the class's average daily net assets,
payable quarterly. This fee may be used to pay securities dealers or others for,
among other things, helping to establish and maintain customer accounts and
records, helping with requests to buy and sell shares, receiving and answering
correspondence, monitoring dividend payments from the fund on behalf of
customers, and similar servicing and account maintenance activities.
The expenses relating to each of the Class B and C plans are also used to pay
Distributors for advancing the commission costs to securities dealers with
respect to the initial sale of Class B and C shares. Further, the expenses
relating to the Class B plan may be used by Distributors to pay third party
financing entities that have provided financing to Distributors in connection
with advancing commission costs to securities dealers.
THE CLASS A , B AND C PLANS. In addition to the payments that Distributors or
others are entitled to under each plan, each plan also provides that to the
extent the fund, the manager or Distributors or other parties on behalf of the
fund, the manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be for the
financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of fund
shares within the context of Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant
to the plan. The terms and provisions of each plan relating to required reports,
term, and approval are consistent with Rule 12b-1.
In no event shall the aggregate asset-based sales charges, which include
payments made under each plan, plus any other payments deemed to be made
pursuant to a plan, exceed the amount permitted to be paid under the rules of
the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
To the extent fees are for distribution or marketing functions, as distinguished
from administrative servicing or agency transactions, certain banks will not be
entitled to participate in the plans as a result of applicable federal law
prohibiting certain banks from engaging in the distribution of mutual fund
shares. These banking institutions, however, are permitted to receive fees under
the plans for administrative servicing or for agency transactions. If you are a
customer of a bank that is prohibited from providing these services, you would
be permitted to remain a shareholder of the fund, and alternate means for
continuing the servicing would be sought. In this event, changes in the services
provided might occur and you might no longer be able to avail yourself of any
automatic investment or other services then being provided by the bank. It is
not expected that you would suffer any adverse financial consequences as a
result of any of these changes.
Each plan has been approved in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1. The
plans are renewable annually by a vote of the board, including a majority vote
of the board members who are not interested persons of the fund and who have no
direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the plans, cast in
person at a meeting called for that purpose. It is also required that the
selection and nomination of such board members be done by the noninterested
members of the fund's board. The plans and any related agreement may be
terminated at any time, without penalty, by vote of a majority of the
noninterested board members on not more than 60 days' written notice, by
Distributors on not more than 60 days' written notice, by any act that
constitutes an assignment of the management agreement with the manager or by
vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the class. Distributors or any
dealer or other firm may also terminate their respective distribution or service
agreement at any time upon written notice.
The plans and any related agreements may not be amended to increase materially
the amount to be spent for distribution expenses without approval by a majority
of the outstanding shares of the class, and all material amendments to the plans
or any related agreements shall be approved by a vote of the noninterested board
members, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on any
such amendment.
Distributors is required to report in writing to the board at least quarterly on
the amounts and purpose of any payment made under the plans and any related
agreements, as well as to furnish the board with such other information as may
reasonably be requested in order to enable the board to make an informed
determination of whether the plans should be continued.
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998, Distributors eligible expenditures
for advertising, printing, and payments to underwriters and broker-dealers
pursuant to the plans and the amounts the fund paid Distributors under the plans
were:
DISTRIBUTORS' AMOUNT
ELIGIBLE PAID BY THE
EXPENSES ($) FUND ($)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Class A 1,036,347 355,772
Class C 675,501 411,347
PERFORMANCE
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance quotations are subject to SEC rules. These rules require the use of
standardized performance quotations or, alternatively, that every
non-standardized performance quotation furnished by the fund be accompanied by
certain standardized performance information computed as required by the SEC.
Average annual total return quotations used by the fund are based on the
standardized methods of computing performance mandated by the SEC. If a Rule
12b-1 plan is adopted, performance figures reflect fees from the date of the
plan's implementation. An explanation of these and other methods used by the
fund to compute or express performance follows. Regardless of the method used,
past performance does not guarantee future results, and is an indication of the
return to shareholders only for the limited historical period used.
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN Average annual total return is determined by finding
the average annual rates of return over the periods indicated below that would
equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value.
The calculation assumes the maximum initial sales charge is deducted from the
initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are
reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely
redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges
and fees. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical
performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales
charge currently in effect.
When considering the average annual total return quotations, you should keep in
mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one
time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact
during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual
performance less the longer you retain your investment in the fund. The average
annual total returns for the indicated periods ended October 31, 1998, were:
SINCE INCEPTION
1 YEAR (3/11/96)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Class A -30.71% 6.17%
SINCE INCEPTION
1 YEAR (9/3/96)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Class C -28.38% 5.11%
These figures were calculated according to the SEC formula:
n
P(1+T) = ERV
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the
beginning of each period at the end of each period
CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN Like average annual total return, cumulative total
return assumes the maximum initial sales charge is deducted from the initial
$1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are
reinvested at net asset value. Cumulative total return, however, is based on the
actual return for a specified period rather than on the average return over the
periods indicated above. The cumulative total returns for the indicated periods
ended October 31, 1998, were:
SINCE INCEPTION
1 YEAR (3/11/96)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Class A -30.71% 17.13%
SINCE INCEPTION
1 YEAR (9/3/96)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Class C -28.38% 11.35%
VOLATILITY Occasionally statistics may be used to show the fund's volatility or
risk. Measures of volatility or risk are generally used to compare the fund's
net asset value or performance to a market index. One measure of volatility is
beta. Beta is the volatility of a fund relative to the total market, as
represented by an index considered representative of the types of securities in
which the fund invests. A beta of more than 1.00 indicates volatility greater
than the market and a beta of less than 1.00 indicates volatility less than the
market. Another measure of volatility or risk is standard deviation. Standard
deviation is used to measure variability of net asset value or total return
around an average over a specified period of time. The idea is that greater
volatility means greater risk undertaken in achieving performance.
OTHER PERFORMANCE QUOTATIONS The fund may also quote the performance of shares
without a sales charge. Sales literature and advertising may quote a cumulative
total return, average annual total return and other measures of performance with
the substitution of net asset value for the public offering price.
Sales literature referring to the use of the fund as a potential investment for
IRAs, business retirement plans, and other tax-advantaged retirement plans may
quote a total return based upon compounding of dividends on which it is presumed
no federal income tax applies.
The fund may include in its advertising or sales material information relating
to investment goals and performance results of funds belonging to the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds. Franklin Resources, Inc. is the parent company of the
advisors and underwriter of the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
COMPARISONS To help you better evaluate how an investment in the fund may
satisfy your investment goal, advertisements and other materials about the fund
may discuss certain measures of fund performance as reported by various
financial publications. Materials may also compare performance (as calculated
above) to performance as reported by other investments, indices, and averages.
These comparisons may include, but are not limited to, the following examples:
o Dow Jones(R) Composite Average and its component averages - a
price-weighted average of 65 stocks that trade on the New York Stock Exchange.
The average is a combination of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (30 blue-chip
stocks that are generally leaders in their industry), the Dow Jones
Transportation Average (20 transportation stocks), and the Dow Jones Utilities
Average (15 utility stocks involved in the production of electrical energy).
o Standard & Poor's(R) 500 Stock Index or its component indices - a
capitalization-weighted index designed to measure performance of the broad
domestic economy through changes in the aggregate market value of 500 stocks
representing all major industries.
o The New York Stock Exchange composite or component indices - an unmanaged
index of all industrial, utilities, transportation, and finance stocks listed
on the NYSE.
o Wilshire 5000 Equity Index - represents the return on the market value of all
common equity securities for which daily pricing is available. Comparisons of
performance assume reinvestment of dividends.
o Lipper - Mutual Fund Performance Analysis and Lipper - Equity Fund Performance
Analysis - measure total return and average current yield for the mutual fund
industry and rank individual mutual fund performance over specified time
periods, assuming reinvestment of all distributions, exclusive of any
applicable sales charges.
o CDA Mutual Fund Report, published by CDA Investment Technologies, Inc. -
analyzes price, current yield, risk, total return, and average rate of return
(average annual compounded growth rate) over specified time periods for the
mutual fund industry.
o Mutual Fund Source Book, published by Morningstar, Inc. -
analyzes price, yield, risk, and total return for mutual funds.
o Financial publications: THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, and BUSINESS
WEEK, CHANGING TIMES, FINANCIAL WORLD, FORBES, FORTUNE, and MONEY magazines -
provide performance statistics over specified time periods.
o Consumer Price Index (or Cost of Living Index), published by the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics - a statistical measure of change, over time, in the price
of goods and services in major expenditure groups.
o Stocks, Bonds, Bills, and Inflation, published by Ibbotson Associates -
historical measure of yield, price, and total return for common and small
company stock, long-term government bonds, Treasury bills, and inflation.
o Savings and Loan Historical Interest Rates - as published in
the U.S. Savings & Loan League Fact Book.
o Historical data supplied by the research departments of CS
First Boston Corporation, the J. P. Morgan companies, Salomon
Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Lehman Brothers and Bloomberg L.P.
o Morningstar - information published by Morningstar, Inc., including
Morningstar proprietary mutual fund ratings. The ratings reflect Morningstar's
assessment of the historical risk-adjusted performance of a fund over
specified time periods relative to other funds within its category.
From time to time, advertisements or information for the fund may include a
discussion of certain attributes or benefits to be derived from an investment in
the fund. The advertisements or information may include symbols, headlines, or
other material that highlights or summarizes the information discussed in more
detail in the communication.
Advertisements or information may also compare the fund's performance to the
return on certificates of deposit (CDs) or other investments. You should be
aware, however, that an investment in the fund involves the risk of fluctuation
of principal value, a risk generally not present in an investment in a CD issued
by a bank. For example, as the general level of interest rates rise, the value
of the fund's fixed-income investments, if any, as well as the value of its
shares that are based upon the value of such portfolio investments, can be
expected to decrease. Conversely, when interest rates decrease, the value of the
fund's shares can be expected to increase. CDs are frequently insured by an
agency of the U.S. government. An investment in the fund is not insured by any
federal, state or private entity.
In assessing comparisons of performance, you should keep in mind that the
composition of the investments in the reported indices and averages is not
identical to the fund's portfolio, the indices and averages are generally
unmanaged, and the items included in the calculations of the averages may not be
identical to the formula used by the fund to calculate its figures. In addition,
there can be no assurance that the fund will continue its performance as
compared to these other averages.
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
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The fund may help you achieve various investment goals such as accumulating
money for retirement, saving for a down payment on a home, college costs and
other long-term goals. The Franklin College Costs Planner may help you in
determining how much money must be invested on a monthly basis in order to have
a projected amount available in the future to fund a child's college education.
(Projected college cost estimates are based upon current costs published by the
College Board.) The Franklin Retirement Planning Guide leads you through the
steps to start a retirement savings program. Of course, an investment in the
fund cannot guarantee that these goals will be met.
The fund is a member of the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds, one of the
largest mutual fund organizations in the U.S., and may be considered in a
program for diversification of assets. Founded in 1947, Franklin is one of the
oldest mutual fund organizations and now services more than 3 million
shareholder accounts. In 1992, Franklin, a leader in managing fixed-income
mutual funds and an innovator in creating domestic equity funds, joined forces
with Templeton, a pioneer in international investing. The Mutual Series team,
known for its value-driven approach to domestic equity investing, became part of
the organization four years later. Together, the Franklin Templeton Group has
over $220 billion in assets under management for more than 7 million U.S. based
mutual fund shareholder and other accounts. The Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds offers 115 U.S. based open-end investment companies to the public. The
fund may identify itself by its NASDAQ symbol or CUSIP number.
Currently, there are more mutual funds than there are stocks listed on the New
York Stock Exchange. While many of them have similar investment goals, no two
are exactly alike. Shares of the fund are generally sold through securities
dealers, whose investment representatives are experienced professionals who can
offer advice on the type of investments suitable to your unique goals and needs,
as well as the risks associated with such investments.
The Information Services & Technology division of Franklin Resources, Inc.
(Resources) established a Year 2000 Project Team in 1996. This team has already
begun making necessary software changes to help the computer systems that
service the fund and its shareholders to be Year 2000 compliant. After
completing these modifications, comprehensive tests are conducted in one of
Resources' U.S. test labs to verify their effectiveness. Resources continues to
seek reasonable assurances from all major hardware, software or data-services
suppliers that they will be Year 2000 compliant on a timely basis. Resources is
also beginning to develop a contingency plan, including identification of those
mission critical systems for which it is practical to develop a contingency
plan. However, in an operation as complex and geographically distributed as
Resources' business, the alternatives to use of normal systems, especially
mission critical systems, or supplies of electricity or long distance voice and
data lines are limited.
DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS
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CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (MOODY'S)
Aaa - Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the
smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as
"gilt-edged." Interest payments are protected by a large or exceptionally stable
margin, and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are
likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair
the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa - Bonds rated Aa are judged to be high quality by all standards. Together
with the Aaa group, they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds.
They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not
be as large, fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude, or
there may be other elements present that make the long-term risks appear
somewhat larger.
A - Bonds rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are
considered upper medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal
and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a
susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa - Bonds rated Baa are considered medium-grade obligations. They are neither
highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security
appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking
or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. These
bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and, in fact, have speculative
characteristics as well.
Ba - Bonds rated Ba are judged to have predominantly speculative elements and
their future cannot be considered well assured. Often the protection of interest
and principal payments is very moderate and, thereby, not well safeguarded
during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position
characterizes bonds in this class.
B - Bonds rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment.
Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of
the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa - Bonds rated Caa are of poor standing. These issues may be in default or
there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca - Bonds rated Ca represent obligations that are speculative to a high degree.
These issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C - Bonds rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and can be regarded as
having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
Note: Moody's applies numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating
classification from Aa through B in its corporate bond ratings. The modifier 1
indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating
category; modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and modifier 3 indicates
that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
STANDARD & POOR'S CORPORATION (S&P)
AAA - This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation and
indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and interest.
AA - Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations. Capacity to
pay principal and interest is very strong and, in the majority of instances,
differ from AAA issues only in a small degree.
A - Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest, although
they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB - Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit protection parameters,
adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to
a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in this category
than for bonds in the A category.
BB, B, CCC, CC - Bonds rated BB, B, CCC and CC are regarded, on balance, as
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest
and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations. BB
indicates the lowest degree of speculation and CC the highest degree of
speculation. While these bonds will likely have some quality and protective
characteristics, they are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk
exposures to adverse conditions.
C - Bonds rated C are typically subordinated debt to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied CCC- rating. The C rating may also reflect the
filing of a bankruptcy petition under circumstances where debt service payments
are continuing. The C1 rating is reserved for income bonds on which no interest
is being paid.
D - Debt rated D is in default and payment of interest and/or repayment of
principal is in arrears.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by the
addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major
rating categories.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
MOODY'S
Moody's commercial paper ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay
punctually their promissory obligations not having an original maturity in
excess of nine months. Moody's employs the following designations, all judged to
be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated
issuers:
P-1 (Prime-1): Superior capacity for repayment.
P-2 (Prime-2): Strong capacity for repayment.
S&P
S&P's ratings are a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of
debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded
into four categories, ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to
"D" for the lowest. Issues within the "A" category are delineated with the
numbers 1, 2 and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety, as follows:
A-1: This designation indicates the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
very strong. A "plus" (+) designation indicates an even stronger likelihood of
timely payment.
A-2: Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is strong. The
relative degree of safety, however, is not as overwhelming as for issues
designated A-1.
A-3: Issues carrying this designation have a satisfactory capacity for timely
payment. They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effects of
changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
