<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER NAME AND IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE
PAYOR. -- The taxpayer identification number for an individual is the
individual's social security number. Social security numbers have nine digits
separated by two hyphens: i.e., 000-00-0000. The taxpayer identification number
for an entity is the entity's employer identification number. Employer
identification numbers have nine digits separated by only one hyphen: i.e.,
00-0000000. The Table below will help determine the number to give the payor.
<TABLE>
<C> <S> <C>
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GIVE THE NAME
AND TAXPAYER
IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER OF --
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:
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1. An individual's account The individual
2. Two or more individuals (joint The actual owner
account) of the account or,
if combined funds,
any one of the
individuals(1)
3. Husband and wife (joint The actual owners
account) of the account or,
if joint funds,
either person(1)
4. Custodian account of a minor The minor(2)
(Uniform Gift to Minors Act)
5. Adult and minor (joint account) The adult or, if
the minor is the
only contributor,
the minor(1)
6. Account in the name of guardian The ward, minor,
or committee for a designated or incompetent
ward, minor, or incompetent person(3)
person
7. a. The usual revocable savings The grantor-
trust account (grantor is trustee(1)
also trustee)
b. So-called trust account that The actual
is not a legal or valid owner(1)
trust under State law
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GIVE THE NAME
AND TAXPAYER
IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER OF --
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:
--------------------------------------------------------
8. Sole proprietorship account The owner(4)
9. A valid trust, estate, or The legal entity
pension trust (Do not furnish
the identifying
number of the
personal
representative or
trustee unless the
legal entity
itself is not
designated in the
account title.)(5)
10. Corporate account The corporation
11. Association, club, religious, The organization
charitable, educational or
other tax-exempt organization
account
12. Partnership account The partnership
13. A broker or registered nominee The broker or
nominee
14. Account with the Department of The public entity
Agriculture in the name of a
public entity (such as a State
or local government, school
district, or prison) that
receives agricultural program
payments
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<C> <S> <C>
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</TABLE>
(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3) Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
person's social security number.
(4) Show the name of the owner.
(5) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust.
NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will be
considered to be that of the first name listed.
<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
PAGE 2
OBTAINING A NUMBER
If you do not have a taxpayer identification number or you do not know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or
Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office
of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service (the
"IRS") and apply for a number.
To complete the Substitute Form W-9, if you do not have a taxpayer
identification number, write "Applied For" in the space for the taxpayer
identification number in Part 1, sign and date the Form, and give it to the
requester. Generally, you will then have 60 days to obtain a taxpayer
identification number and furnish it to the requester. If the requester does not
receive your taxpayer identification number within 60 days, backup withholding,
if applicable, will begin and will continue until you furnish your taxpayer
identification number to the requester.
PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL broker transactions
and interest and dividend payments include the following:
- A corporation.
- A financial institution.
- An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or an individual retirement plan or a
custodial account under Section 403(b)(7).
- The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
- A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any
subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
- An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
- A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the U.S. or a
possession of the U.S.
- A real estate investment trust.
- A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a) of the Code.
- An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
- A foreign central bank of issue.
Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding including the following:
- Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
- Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
which have at least one non-resident alien partner.
- Payments of patronage dividends not paid in money.
- Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
- Payments made to a nominee.
Payments made to a nominee. Payments of interests not generally subject to
backup withholding include the following:
- Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals.
- Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
section 852 of the Code).
- Payments described in Code section 6049(b)(5) of nonresident aliens.
- Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451 of the Code.
- Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
- Payments made to a nominee.
Exempt payees described above should file Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous
backup withholding. ENTER YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ON
THE FACE OF THE FORM, SIGN AND DATE THE FORM AND RETURN IT TO THE PAYER.
PRIVACY ACT NOTICE.--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend,
interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers
who must report the payments to IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for identification
purposes and to help verify the accuracy of your tax return. Payers must be
given the numbers whether or not recipients are required to file tax returns.
Payers must generally withhold 31% of taxable interest, dividend, and certain
other payments to a payee who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number
to a payer. Certain penalties may also apply.
PENALTIES
(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.--If you fail
to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject to a
penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable
cause and no to willful neglect.
(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING. --If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which result s in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION.--Willfully falsifying
certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including
fines and/or imprisonment.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.
