<PAGE>
3,000,000 SHARES
OF COMMON STOCK
OF
AVI BIOPHARMA, INC.
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
----------------------
_______________, 2000
Paulson Investment Company, Inc.
As Representative of the
Several Underwriters
811 SW Naito Parkway, Suite 200
Portland, Oregon 97204
Gentlemen:
AVI BioPharma, Inc., an Oregon corporation (the "Company"), proposes
to sell to the several underwriters (the "Underwriters") named in Schedule I
hereto for whom you are acting as Representative (the "Representative") an
aggregate of 3,000,000 shares (the "Firm Shares") of the Company's common
stock ("Common Stock"). The respective number of the Firm Shares to be so
purchased by the several Underwriters are set forth opposite their names in
Schedule I hereto. The Company also proposes to grant to the Representative
an option to purchase in aggregate up to 450,000 additional Shares,
identical to the Firm Shares (the "Option Shares"), as set forth below.
As the Representative, you have advised the Company (a) that you are
authorized to enter into this Agreement for yourself as Representative and on
behalf of the several Underwriters, and (b) that the several Underwriters are
willing, acting severally and not jointly, to purchase the numbers of Firm
Shares set forth opposite their respective names in Schedule I. The Firm
Shares and the Option Shares (to the extent the aforementioned option is
exercised) are herein collectively called the "Shares."
In consideration of the mutual agreements contained herein and of the
interests of the parties in the transactions contemplated hereby, the parties
hereto agree as follows:
1. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY.
The Company represents and warrants to each of the Underwriters as
follows:
(a) A registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-_____) with
respect to the Shares has been prepared by the Company in conformity with the
requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), and the
Rules and Regulations (the "Rules and
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 1 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
Regulations") of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission")
thereunder and has been filed with the Commission. Copies of such
registration statement, including any amendments thereto, the preliminary
prospectuses (meeting the requirements of the Rules and Regulations)
contained therein and the exhibits, financial statements and schedules, as
finally amended and revised, have heretofore been delivered by the Company to
you. Such registration statement, together with any registration statement
filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 462 (b) of the Act, herein referred to
as the "Registration Statement," which shall be deemed to include all
information omitted therefrom in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the
Prospectus referred to below, has become effective under the Act and no
post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed as of
the date of this Agreement. "Prospectus" means (a) the form of prospectus
first filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) or (b) the last
preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement filed prior to
the time it becomes effective or filed pursuant to Rule 424(a) under the Act
that is delivered by the Company to the Underwriters for delivery to
purchasers of the Shares, together with the term sheet or abbreviated term
sheet filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)(7) under the Act.
Each preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement prior to
the time it becomes effective is herein referred to as a "Preliminary
Prospectus."
(b) The Company has been duly organized and is validly existing as
a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Oregon, with
corporate power and authority to own or lease its properties and conduct its
business as described in the Registration Statement. The Company does not own
and never has owned a controlling interest in any other corporation or other
business entity that has or ever has had any material assets, liabilities or
operations. The Company is duly qualified to transact business in all
jurisdictions in which the conduct of its business requires such
qualification.
(c) The outstanding shares of each class or series of capital stock
of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully
paid and non-assessable and, except as disclosed in the Registration
Statement, have been issued and sold by the Company, as the case may be, in
compliance in all material respects with applicable securities and banking
laws; the issuance and sale of the Shares have been duly authorized by all
necessary corporate action and, when issued and paid for as contemplated
herein, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; and
no preemptive rights of shareholders exist with respect to any security of
the Company or the issue and sale thereof. Except as set forth in the
Registration Statement, neither the filing of the Registration Statement nor
the offering or sale of the Shares as contemplated by this Agreement gives
rise to any rights, other than those which have been waived or satisfied, for
or relating to the registration of any shares of Common Stock or other
securities of the Company. The Company does not own or have the right to
acquire capital stock or other equity securities of any other person
representing more that five percent of the equity of that person, or
otherwise control any other person.
(d) The information set forth under the caption "Capitalization" in
the Prospectus is true and correct. The Common Stock conforms and the
Representative's Warrant will conform to the description thereof contained in
the Registration Statement. The forms of certificates for the Shares conform
to the requirements of the corporate law of Oregon.
(e) The Commission has not issued an order preventing or suspending
the use of any Prospectus relating to the proposed offering of the Shares nor
instituted proceedings for that
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 2 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
purpose. The Registration Statement contains, and the Prospectus and any
amendments or supplements thereto will contain, all statements which are
required to be stated therein by, and will conform to, the requirements of
the Act and the Rules and Regulations. The Registration Statement and any
amendment thereto do not contain, and will not contain, any untrue statement
of a material fact and do not omit, and will not omit, to state any material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendments and supplements
thereto do not contain, and will not contain, any untrue statement of
material fact; and do not omit, and will not omit, to state any material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in
the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
provided, however, that the Company makes no representations or warranties as
to information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus, or any such amendment or supplement, in reliance upon, and in
conformity with, written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf
of any Underwriter through the Representative, specifically for use in the
preparation thereof.
(f) The financial statements of the Company, together with related
notes and schedules as set forth in the Registration Statement, present
fairly the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows of
the Company at the indicated dates and for the indicated periods. Such
financial statements and related schedules have been prepared in accordance
with generally accepted principles of accounting, consistently applied
throughout the periods involved, except as disclosed herein and in the
Registration Statement, and all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation
of results for such periods have been made. The summary financial and
statistical data of the Company included in the Registration Statement
presents fairly the information shown therein and such data has been compiled
on a basis consistent with the financial statements presented therein and the
books and records of the Company.
(g) Arthur Anderson LLP, who have certified certain of the
financial statements filed with the Commission as part of the Registration
Statement, are independent public accountants as required by the Act and the
Rules and Regulations.
(h) There is no action, suit, claim or proceeding pending or, to
the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company before any court
or administrative agency or otherwise which if determined adversely to the
Company might result in any material adverse change in the earnings,
business, management, properties, assets, rights, operations, condition
(financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company or prevent the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, except as set forth in
the Registration Statement.
(i) The Company has good and marketable title to all properties and
assets, tangible and intangible, reflected in the financial statements or
described in the Registration Statement, subject to no lien, mortgage,
pledge, charge or encumbrance of any kind except those reflected in such
financial statements (or as described in the Registration Statement) or which
are not material. The Company's ownership and license rights in its patents,
copyrights, trademarks, service marks, Web sites and other material
technology and intellectual property is consistent with (i) the description
thereof in the Registration Statement, and (ii) the business needs of the
Company. All of the leases and subleases under which the Company holds
properties are in full force and effect and the Company has not received
notice of any claim that is materially adverse to the rights of the Company
under any of such leases or subleases.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 3 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
(j) The Company has filed all federal, state, local and foreign
income tax returns which have been required to be filed and have paid all
taxes indicated by said returns and all assessments received by it to the
extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in good
faith. All tax liabilities have been adequately provided for in the financial
statements of the Company.
(k) Since the respective dates as of which information is given in
the Registration Statement, as it may have been amended or supplemented,
there has not been any material adverse change or any development involving a
prospective material adverse change in or affecting the earnings, business,
management, properties, assets, rights, operations, condition (financial or
otherwise), or prospects of the Company, whether or not occurring in the
ordinary course of business, and there has not been any material transaction
entered into or any material transaction that is probable of being entered
into by the Company, other than transactions in the ordinary course of
business and changes and transactions described in the Registration
Statement, as it may be amended or supplemented. Neither the Company nor the
Bank has any material contingent obligations that are not disclosed in the
Company's financial statements or elsewhere in the Prospectus included in the
Registration Statement.
(l) The Company is not, nor, with the giving of notice or lapse of
time or both, will it be, in violation of or in default under its Articles of
Incorporation or Bylaws or under any agreement, lease, contract, indenture or
other instrument or obligation to which it is a party or by which it, or any
of its properties, is bound and which default is of material significance in
respect of the condition, financial or otherwise of the Company or the
business, management, properties, assets, rights, operations, condition
(financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company. The execution and
delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions herein
contemplated and the fulfillment of the terms hereof will not conflict with
or result in a breach of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a
default under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or other agreement or
instrument to which the Company is a party, or of the Articles of
Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company or any order, rule or regulation
applicable to the Company of any court or of any regulatory body or
administrative agency or other governmental body having jurisdiction.
(m) Each approval, consent, order, authorization, designation,
declaration or filing by or with any regulatory, administrative or other
governmental body necessary in connection with the execution and delivery by
the Company of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions herein
contemplated (except such additional steps as may be required by the
Commission, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the "NASD")
or such additional steps as may be necessary to qualify the Shares for public
offering by the Underwriters under state securities or Blue Sky laws) has
been obtained or made and is in full force and effect.
(n) The Company holds all material patents, patent rights
trademarks, trade names, copyrights, trade secrets, Web sites and licenses of
any of the foregoing (collectively, "Intellectual Property Rights") that are
necessary to the conduct of its businesses; there is no claim pending or, to
the best knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any of
their respective officers, directors or employees, in their capacities as
such, alleging any infringement of Intellectual Property Rights, or any
violation of the terms of any license relating to Intellectual Property
Rights, nor does the Company know of any basis for any such claim. The
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 4 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
Company knows of no material infringement by others of Intellectual Property
Rights owned by or licensed to the Company. The Company has obtained, is in
compliance in all material respect with and maintains in full force and
effect all material licenses, certificates, permits, orders or other, similar
authorizations granted or issued by any governmental agency (collectively
"Government Permits") required to conduct its business as it is presently
conducted. No proceeding to revoke, limit or otherwise materially change any
Government Permit has been commenced or, to the Company's best knowledge, is
threatened against the Company, and the Company has no reason to anticipate
that any such proceeding will be commenced against the Company. Except as
disclosed or contemplated in the Prospectus, the Company has no reason to
believe that any pending application for a Government Permit or any
application that is anticipates will be required to conduct business
described in the Prospectus will be denied or limited in a manner
inconsistent with the Company's business plan as described in the Prospectus.
(o) The Company is in all material respects in compliance with all
applicable Environmental Laws. The Company has no knowledge of any past,
present or, as anticipated by the Company, future events, conditions,
activities, investigation, studies, plans or proposals that (i) would
interfere with or prevent compliance with any Environmental Law by the
Company or (ii) could reasonably be expected to give rise to any common law
or other liability, or otherwise form the basis of a claim, action, suit,
proceeding, hearing or investigation, involving the Company and related to
Hazardous Substances or Environmental Laws. Except for the prudent and safe
use and management of Hazardous Substances in the ordinary course of the
Company's business, (i) no Hazardous Substance is or has been used, treated,
stored, generated, manufactured or otherwise handled on or at any Facility
and (ii) to the Company's best knowledge, no Hazardous Substance has
otherwise come to be located in, on or under any Facility. No Hazardous
Substances are stored at any Facility except in quantities necessary to
satisfy the reasonably anticipated use or consumption by the Company, as the
case may be. No litigation, claim, proceeding or governmental investigation
is pending regarding any environmental matter for which the Company has been
served or otherwise notified or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened
or asserted against the Company, or the officers or directors of the Company
in their capacities as such, or any Facility or the Company's business. There
are no orders, judgments or decrees of any court or of any governmental
agency or instrumentality under any Environmental Law which specifically
apply to the Company, any Facility or any of the Company's operations. The
Company has not received from a governmental authority or other person (i)
any notice that it is a potentially responsible person for any Contaminated
site or (ii) any request for information about a site alleged to be
Contaminated or regarding the disposal of Hazardous Substances. There is no
litigation or proceeding against any other person by the Company regarding
any environmental matter. The Company has disclosed in the Prospectus or made
available to the Underwriters and their counsel true, complete and correct
copies of any reports, studies, investigations, audits, analyses, tests or
monitoring in the possession of or initiated by the Company pertaining to any
environmental matter relating to the Company, its past or present operations
or any Facility.
For the purposes of the foregoing paragraph, "Environmental Laws" means
any applicable federal, state or local statute, regulation, code, rule,
ordinance, order, judgment, decree, injunction or common law pertaining in
any way to the protection of human health or the environment, including
without limitation, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, the
Toxic Substances
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 5 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
Control Act, the Clean Air Act, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and
any similar or comparable state or local law; "Hazardous Substance" means any
hazardous, toxic, radioactive or infectious substance, material or waste as
defined, listed or regulated under any Environmental Law; "Contaminated"
means the actual existence on or under any real property of Hazardous
Substances, if the existence of such Hazardous Substances triggers a
requirement to perform any investigatory, remedial, removal or other response
action under any Environmental Laws or if such response action legally could
be required by any governmental authority; and "Facility" means any property
currently owned, leased or occupied by the Company.
(p) The Company has not, nor, to its best knowledge, has any of its
affiliates, taken nor does it intend to take, directly or indirectly, any
action which is designed to cause or result in, or which constitutes or might
reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of
the price of the shares of Common Stock to facilitate the sale or resale of
the Shares.
(q) The Company is not an "investment company" within the meaning
of such term under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and
regulations of the Commission thereunder and will not become an Investment
Company as a result of its receipt and investment of the proceeds from the
sale of the Shares.
(r) The Company maintains systems of internal accounting controls
sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are
executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorization;
(ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles and all applicable banking regulations and to maintain
accountability for Company assets and customer accounts; (iii) access to
Company, or customer assets is permitted only in accordance with management's
general or specific authorization and applicable banking regulations; and
(iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing
Company, and customer assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action
is taken with respect to any differences.
(s) The Company carries, or is covered by, insurance in such
amounts and covering such risks as is adequate for the conduct of their
respective businesses and the value of their respective properties and as is
customary for companies engaged in similar industries.
(t) The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all
presently applicable provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974, as amended, including the regulations and published
interpretations thereunder ("ERISA"); no "reportable event" (as defined in
ERISA) has occurred with respect to any "pension plan" (as defined in ERISA)
for which the Company would have any liability; the Company has not incurred
and does not expect to incur liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with
respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any "pension plan" or (ii)
Sections 412 or 4971 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,
including the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the
"Code"); and each "pension plan" for which the Company would have any
liability that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code
is so qualified in all material respects and nothing has occurred, whether by
action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such
qualification.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 6 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
(u) The Company confirms as of the date hereof that it is in
compliance with all provisions of Section 1 of Laws of Florida, Chapter
92-198, An Act Relating to Disclosure of Doing Business with Cuba, and the
Company further agrees that if it commences engaging in business with the
government of Cuba or with any person or affiliate located in Cuba after the
date the Registration Statement becomes or has become effective with the
Commission or with the Florida Department of Banking and Finance (the
"Department"), whichever date is later, or if the information reported or
incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, if any, concerning the Company's
business with Cuba or with any person or affiliate located in Cuba changes in
any material way, the Company will provide the Department notice of such
business or change, as appropriate, in a form acceptable to the Department.
(v) The Company is in material compliance with all laws, rules,
regulations, orders of any court or administrative agency, operating licenses
or other requirements imposed by any governmental body applicable to it,
including, without limitation, all applicable laws, rules, regulations,
licenses or other governmental standards applicable to the its business; and
the conduct of the business of the Company, as the case may be, as described
in the Prospectus, will not cause the Company to be in violation of any such
requirements.
(w) The Representative's Warrants (as defined in Paragraph (d) of
Section 2 hereof) have been authorized for issuance to the Representative or
its designees and will, when issued, possess rights, privileges, and
characteristics as represented in the most recent form of Representative's
Warrants filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement; the securities to
be issued upon exercise of the Representative's Warrants, when issued and
delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the terms thereof, will
be duly and validly issued, fully paid, nonassessable and free of preemptive
rights, and all corporate action required to be taken for the authorization
and issuance of the Representative's Warrants, and the securities to be
issued upon their exercise, including, without limitation, the reservation of
a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock to cover such exercise in full,
have been validly and sufficiently taken.
(x) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, neither the Company nor
any of its officers, directors or affiliates have caused any person, other
than the Underwriters, to be entitled to reimbursement of any kind,
including, without limitation, any compensation that would be includable as
underwriter compensation under the NASD's Corporate Financing Rule with
respect to the offering of the Shares, as a result of the consummation of
such offering based on any activity of such person as a finder, agent,
broker, investment adviser or other financial service provider.
(y) Except as described in the Prospectus, the Company does not
directly or indirectly control or have a material interest in any other
business entity.
(z) The Shares have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq
National Market ("NASDAQ") upon the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement and the Company has satisfied all of the requirements of NASDAQ for
such listing and for the trading of its Common Stock on NASDAQ.
2. PURCHASE, SALE AND DELIVERY OF THE SHARES.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 7 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
(a) On the basis of the representations, warranties and covenants
herein contained, and subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Company
agrees to sell to the Underwriters and each Underwriter agrees, severally and
not jointly, to purchase, at a price of $____ per Share, the number of Firm
Shares set forth opposite the name of each Underwriter in Schedule I hereof,
subject to adjustments in accordance with Section 9 hereof.
(b) Payment for the Firm Shares to be sold hereunder is to be made
in New York Clearing House funds and, at the option of the Representative, by
bank wire to an account specified by the Company, certified or bank cashier's
checks drawn to the order of the Company, against either uncertificated
delivery of Firm Shares or of certificates therefor (which delivery, if
certificated, shall take place in such location in New York, New York as may
be specified by the Representative) to the Representative for the several
accounts of the Underwriters. Such payment is to be made at the offices of
the Representative at the address set forth on the first page of this
agreement, at 7:00 a.m., Pacific time, on the third business day after the
date of this Agreement or at such other time and date not later than five
business days thereafter as you and the Company shall agree upon, such time
and date being herein referred to as the "Closing Date." (As used herein,
"business day" means a day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open for
trading and on which banks in New York are open for business and not
permitted by law or executive order to be closed.) Except to the extent
uncertificated Firm Shares are delivered at closing, the certificates for the
Firm Shares will be delivered in such denominations and in such registrations
as the Representative requests in writing not later than the second full
business day prior to the Closing Date, and will be made available for
inspection by the Representative at least one business day prior to the
Closing Date.
(c) In addition, on the basis of the representations and warranties
herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth,
the Company hereby grants an option to the Underwriters to purchase the
Option Shares at the price per Share as set forth in the first paragraph of
this Section 2. The Company may assign the obligation to deliver the Common
Stock component of the Option Shares to certain shareholders of the Company
as more fully described in the Prospectus; however, no such assignment shall
affect the obligation of the Company to deliver or cause to be delivered
securities representing the Option Shares as to which the option is exercised
upon such exercise. The option granted hereby may be exercised in whole or in
part by giving written notice (i) at any time before the Closing Date and
(ii) only once thereafter within 45 days after the date of this Agreement, by
the Representative to the Company setting forth the number of Option Shares
as to which the Underwriters are exercising the option, the names and
denominations in which the Option Shares are to be registered and the time
and date at which certificates representing such Shares are to be delivered.
The time and date at which certificates for Option Shares are to be delivered
shall be determined by the Representative but shall not be earlier than three
nor later than 10 full business days after the exercise of such option, nor
in any event prior to the Closing Date (such time and date being herein
referred to as the "Option Closing Date"). If the date of exercise of the
option is three or more days before the Closing Date, the notice of exercise
shall set the Closing Date as the Option Closing Date. The option with
respect to the Option Shares granted hereunder maybe exercised only to cover
over-allotments in the sale of the Firm Shares by the Underwriters. The
Representative may cancel such option at any time prior to its expiration by
giving written notice of such cancellation to the Company. To the extent, if
any, that the option is exercised, payment for the Option Shares shall be
made on the Option Closing Date in New York Clearing House funds and, at the
option of the Representative, by bank wire to an account specified by the
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 8 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
Company, or certified or bank cashier's check drawn to the order of the
Company for the Option Shares to be sold by the Company in consideration
either of uncertificated delivery of Option Shares or delivery of
certificates therefor (which delivery, if certificated, shall take place in
such location in New York, New York as may be specified by the
Representative) to the Representative for the several accounts of the
Underwriters. Except to the extent uncertificated Option Shares are delivered
at closing, the certificates for the Option Shares will be delivered in such
denominations and in such registrations as the Representative requests in
writing not later than the second full business day prior to the Option
Closing Date, and will be made available for inspection by the Representative
at least one business day prior to the Option Closing Date.
(d) In addition to the sums payable to the Representative as
provided elsewhere herein, the Representative shall be entitled to receive at
the Closing, for itself alone and not as Representative of the Underwriters,
as additional compensation for its services, purchase warrants (the
"Representative's Warrants") for the purchase of up to 300,000 Shares at
a price of $____ per Share, upon the terms and subject to adjustment and
conversion as described in the form of Representative's Warrants filed as an
exhibit to the Registration Statement.
3. OFFERING BY THE UNDERWRITERS.
It is understood that the several Underwriters are to make a public
offering of the Firm Shares as soon as the Representative deems it advisable
to do so. The Firm Shares are to be initially offered to the public at the
initial public offering price set forth in the Prospectus. The Representative
may from time to time thereafter change the public offering price and other
selling terms. To the extent, if at all, that any Option Shares are purchased
pursuant to Section 2 hereof, the Representative will offer them to the
public on the foregoing terms.
It is further understood that you will act as the Representative for
the Underwriters in the offering and sale of the Shares in accordance with an
Agreement Among Underwriters entered into by you and the several other
Underwriters.
4. COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY.
The Company covenants and agrees with the several Underwriters that:
(a) The Company will (A) use its best efforts to cause the
Registration Statement to become effective or, if the procedure in Rule 430A
of the Rules and Regulations is followed, to prepare and timely file with the
Commission under Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations a Prospectus in a
form approved by the Representative containing information previously omitted
at the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement in reliance on
Rule 430A of the Rules and Regulations, and (B) not file any amendment to the
Registration Statement or supplement to the Prospectus of which the
Representative shall not previously have been advised and furnished with a
copy or to which the Representative shall have reasonably objected in writing
or which is not in compliance with the Rules and Regulations.
(b) The Company will advise the Representative promptly (A) when
the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto shall have
become effective, (B) of receipt of any comments from the Commission, (C) of
any request of the Commission for amendment of the Registration Statement or
for supplement to the Prospectus or for any
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 9 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
additional information, and (D) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop
order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use
of the Prospectus or of the institution of any proceedings for that purpose.
The Company will use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such
stop order preventing or suspending the use of the Prospectus and to obtain
as soon as possible the lifting thereof, if issued.
(c) The Company will cooperate with the Representative in
endeavoring to qualify the Shares for sale under the securities laws of such
jurisdictions as the Representative may reasonably have designated in writing
and will make such applications, file such documents, and furnish such
information as may be reasonably required for that purpose, provided the
Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file
a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction where it is not
now so qualified or required to file such a consent. The Company will, from
time to time, prepare and file such statements, reports, and other documents,
as are or may be required to continue such qualifications in effect for so
long a period as the Representative may reasonably request for distribution
of the Shares.
(d) The Company will deliver to, or upon the order of, the
Representative, from time to time, as many copies of any Preliminary
Prospectus as the Representative may reasonably request. The Company will
deliver to, or upon the order of, the Representative during the period when
delivery of a Prospectus is required under the Act, as many copies of the
Prospectus in final form, or as thereafter amended or supplemented, as the
Representative may reasonably request. The Company will deliver to the
Representative at or before the Closing Date, four signed copies of the
Registration Statement and all amendments thereto including all exhibits
filed therewith, and will deliver to the Representative such number of copies
of the Registration Statement (including such number of copies of the
exhibits filed therewith that may reasonably be requested), and of all
amendments thereto, as the Representative may reasonably request.
(e) The Company will comply with the Act and the Rules and
Regulations, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
"Exchange Act"), and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder,
so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Shares as
contemplated in this Agreement and the Prospectus. If during the period in
which a prospectus is required by law to be delivered by an Underwriter or
dealer, any event shall occur as a result of which, in the judgment of the
Company or in the reasonable opinion of the Underwriters, it becomes
necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at the time
the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, or, if it is
necessary at any time to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with
any law, the Company promptly will prepare and file with the Commission an
appropriate amendment to the Registration Statement or supplement to the
Prospectus so that the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in
the light of the circumstances existing at the time the Prospectus is so
delivered, be misleading, or so that the Prospectus will comply with the law.
(f) The Company will make generally available to its security
holders, as soon as it is practicable to do so, but in any event not later
than fifteen (15) months after the effective date of the Registration
Statement, an earning statement (which need not be audited) in reasonable
detail, covering a period of at least twelve (12) consecutive months
beginning after the effective date of the Registration Statement, which
earning statement shall satisfy the
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 10 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
requirements of Section 11(a) of the Act and Rule 158 of the Rules and
Regulations and will advise you in writing when such statement has been so
made available.
(g) The Company will, for a period of five (5) years from the
Closing Date, deliver to the Representative copies of annual reports and
copies of all other documents, reports and information furnished by the
Company to its stockholders or filed with any securities exchange pursuant to
the requirements of such exchange or with the Commission pursuant to the Act
or the Exchange Act. The Company will deliver to the Representative similar
reports with respect to significant subsidiaries, as that term is defined in
the Rules and Regulations, which are not consolidated in the Company's
financial statements.
(h) No offering, sale, short sale or other disposition of any
shares of Common Stock of the Company or other securities convertible into or
exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock or derivatives of
Common Stock (or agreement therefor) will be made for a period of one year
after the date of this Agreement, directly or indirectly, by the Company
otherwise than hereunder, or pursuant to contractual obligations existing on
the date hereof or pursuant to employee benefit plans in effect on the date
hereof, or with the prior written consent of the Representative, which
consent will not be unreasonably withheld.
(i) The Company will use its best efforts to cause the listing of
the Shares on NASDAQ to remain in effect unless and until (i) such security
expires; (ii) such security is listed on another exchange of at least
comparable reputation; or (iii) the Company is no longer required to file
reports under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
(j) The Company has caused each officer and director and each
person who owns, beneficially or of record, five percent (5%) or more of the
shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the date hereof
to furnish to you, on or prior to the date of this agreement, a letter or
letters, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters ("Lockup
Agreements"), pursuant to which each such person shall agree (A) not to
offer, sell, sell short or otherwise dispose of any shares of Common Stock or
other capital stock of the Company, or any other securities convertible,
exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock or derivatives of Common Stock
owned by such person or request the registration for the offer or sale of any
of the foregoing (or as to which such person has the right to direct the
disposition) for a period of 90 days after the date of this Agreement,
directly or indirectly, except with the prior written consent of the
Representative; and (B) to give prior written notice to the Representative
for a period of one (1) year from the effective date of the Registration
Statement, with respect to any sales of Common Stock of the Company pursuant
to Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any similar rule.
(k) The Company shall apply the net proceeds of its sale of the
Shares as set forth in the Prospectus and shall file such reports with the
Commission with respect to the sale of the Shares and the application of the
proceeds therefrom as may be required in accordance with Rule 463 under the
Act.
(l) The Company shall not invest, or otherwise use the proceeds
received by the Company from its sale of the Shares in a manner that would
require the Company to register as an investment company under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act").
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 11 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
(m) The Company will maintain a transfer agent and, if necessary
under the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company, a registrar for the
Common Stock.
(n) The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action
designed to cause or result in, or that has constituted or might reasonably
be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of
any securities of the Company.
5. COSTS AND EXPENSES.
(a) The Representative shall be entitled to reimbursement from the
Company, for itself alone and not as Representative of the Underwriters, to a
non-accountable expense allowance equal to two percent (2%) of the
aggregate initial public offering price of the Firm Shares and any Option
Shares purchased by the Underwriters. The Representative shall be entitled to
withhold this allowance on the Closing Date related to the purchase of the
Firm Shares or the Option Shares, as the case may be.
(b) In addition to the payment described in Paragraph (a) of this
Section 5, the Company will pay all costs, expenses and fees incident to the
performance of the obligations of the Company under this Agreement,
including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the following:
accounting fees of the Company; the fees and disbursements of counsel for the
Company; the cost of printing and delivering to, or as requested by, the
Underwriters copies of the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectuses,
the Prospectus, this Agreement, the NASDAQ listing application, the costs of
due diligence investigation of the principals of the Company, the Blue Sky
Survey and any supplements or amendments thereto; the filing fees of the
Commission; the filing fees and expenses (including any fees and
disbursements) incident to securing the required review by the NASD
Regulation, Inc. of the underwriting terms and arrangements; the NASDAQ
listing fee; and the expenses, including the fees and disbursements of
counsel for the Underwriters, incurred in connection with the qualification
of the Shares under state securities or Blue Sky laws. Any transfer taxes
imposed on the sale of the Shares to the several Underwriters will be paid by
the Company. The Company agrees to pay all costs and expenses of the
Underwriters, including the fees and disbursements of counsel for the
Underwriters, incident to the offer and sale of directed Shares by the
Underwriters to employees and persons having business relationships with the
Company. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay for any of the
Underwriters' expenses (other than those related to qualification under NASD
regulation and state securities or Blue Sky laws) except that, if this
Agreement shall not be consummated, then the Company shall reimburse the
several Underwriters for accountable out-of-pocket expenses, including fees
and disbursements of counsel, reasonably incurred in connection with
investigating, marketing and proposing to market the Shares or in
contemplation of performing their obligations hereunder; but the Company
shall not in any event be liable to any of the several Underwriters for
damages on account of loss of anticipated profits from the sale by them of
the Shares.
6. CONDITIONS OF OBLIGATIONS OF THE UNDERWRITERS.
The several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase the Firm
Shares on the Closing Date and the Option Shares, if any, on the Option
Closing Date are subject to the accuracy, as of the Closing Date or the
Option Closing Date, as the case may be, of the representations and
warranties of the Company contained herein, and to the performance by the
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 12 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
Company of their covenants and obligations hereunder and to the following
additional conditions:
(a) The Registration Statement and all post-effective amendments
thereto shall have become effective and any and all filings required by Rule
424 and Rule 430A of the Rules and Regulations shall have been made, and any
request of the Commission for additional information (to be included in the
Registration Statement or otherwise) shall have been disclosed to the
Representative and complied with to their reasonable satisfaction. No stop
order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, as amended
from time to time, shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose
shall have been taken or, to the knowledge of the Company, shall be
contemplated by the Commission and no injunction, restraining order, or order
of any nature by a Federal or state court of competent jurisdiction shall
have been issued as of the Closing Date which would prevent the issuance of
the Shares.
(b) The Representative shall have received on the Closing Date or
the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, the opinion of Ater Wynne LLP,
counsel for the Company, dated the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date,
as the case may be, addressed to the Underwriters (and stating that it may be
relied upon by counsel to the Underwriters) to the effect that:
(i) The Company has been duly organized and is validly
existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State
of Oregon, with corporate power and authority to own or lease its
properties and conduct its business as described in the Registration
Statement; the Company is duly qualified to transact business in all
jurisdictions in which the conduct of its business requires such
qualification, or in which the failure to qualify would have a material
adverse effect upon the business of the Company.
(ii) The Company has authorized and outstanding capital stock
as set forth under the caption "Capitalization" in the Prospectus; the
outstanding shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and
validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable; all of the
securities of the Company conform to the description thereof contained
in the Prospectus; the certificates for the Common Stock are in due and
proper form; the Firm Shares and the Option Shares have been duly
authorized and, upon issuance and delivery thereof as contemplated in
this Agreement and the Registration Statement, will be validly issued,
fully paid and non-assessable; and no preemptive rights of shareholders
exist with respect to any of the Shares or the issuance or sale thereof
pursuant to any applicable statute or the provisions of the Company's
Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws or, to such counsel's best
knowledge, pursuant to any contractual obligation. The Representative's
Warrants have been authorized for issuance to the Representative and
will, when issued, possess rights, privileges, and characteristics as
represented in the most recent form of Representative's Warrants filed
as an exhibit to the Registration Statement; the securities to be
issued upon exercise of the Representative's Warrants when issued and
delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the
Representative's Warrants, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid,
nonassessable and free of preemptive rights, and all corporate action
required to be taken for the authorization and issuance of the
Representative's Warrants, and the securities to be issued upon their
exercise, has been validly and sufficiently taken.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 13 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
(iii) Except as described in or contemplated by the
Prospectus, to the knowledge of such counsel, there are no outstanding
securities of the Company convertible or exchangeable into or
evidencing the right to purchase or subscribe for any shares of capital
stock of the Company and there are no outstanding or authorized
options, warrants or rights of any character obligating the Company to
issue any shares of its capital stock or any securities convertible or
exchangeable into or evidencing the right to purchase or subscribe for
any shares of such stock; and except as described in the Prospectus, to
such counsel's best knowledge, no holder of any securities of the
Company or any other person has the right, contractual or otherwise,
which has not been satisfied or effectively waived, to cause the
Company to sell or otherwise issue to them, or to permit them to
underwrite the sale of, any of the Shares or the right to have any
Common Stock or other securities of the Company included in the
Registration Statement or the right, as a result of the filing of the
Registration Statement, to require registration under the Act of any
shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company.
(iv) The Registration Statement has become effective under the
Act and, to such counsel's best knowledge, no stop order proceedings
with respect thereto have been instituted or are pending or threatened
under the Act.
(v) The Registration Statement, the Prospectus and each
amendment or supplement thereto comply as to form in all material
respects with the requirements of the Act and the applicable rules and
regulations thereunder (except that such counsel need express no
opinion as to the financial statements and related schedules therein).
(vi) The statements under the captions "Shares Eligible for
Future Sale" and "Description of Securities" in the Prospectus and in
Items 24 and 26 of the Registration Statement, insofar as such
statements constitute a summary of documents referred to therein or
matters of law, fairly summarize in all material respects the
information called for with respect to such documents and matters.
(vii) Such counsel does not know of any contracts or documents
required to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or
described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which are not
so filed or described as required, and such contracts and documents as
are summarized in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus are
fairly summarized in all material respects.
(viii) Such counsel knows of no material legal or governmental
proceedings pending or threatened against the Company.
(ix) The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the
consummation of the transactions herein contemplated do not and will
not conflict with or result in a breach of any of the terms or
provisions of, or constitute a default under, the Articles of
Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company, or any agreement or instrument
known to such counsel to which the Company is a party or by which the
Company may be bound.
(x) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by the Company.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 14 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
(xi) No approval, consent, order, authorization, designation,
declaration or filing by or with any regulatory, administrative or
other governmental body is necessary in connection with the execution
and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions
herein contemplated (other than as may be required by the NASD, as to
which such counsel need express no opinion) except such as have been
obtained or made, specifying the same.
(xii) The Company is not, and will not become, as a result of
the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
and application of the net proceeds therefrom as described in the
Prospectus, required to register as an investment company under the
1940 Act.
In rendering such opinion, such counsel may rely as to matters
governed by the laws of states other than Oregon or Federal laws on local
counsel in such jurisdictions, provided that in each case such counsel shall
state that they believe that they and the Underwriters are justified in
relying on such other counsel. In addition to the matters set forth above,
the opinion of Ater Wynne LLP shall also include a statement to the effect
that nothing has come to the attention of such counsel that has caused them
to believe that (i) the Registration Statement, at the time it became
effective under the Act (but after giving effect to any modifications
incorporated therein pursuant to Rule 430A under the Act) and as of the
Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, contained an
untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not
misleading, and (ii) the Prospectus, or any supplement thereto, on the date
it was filed pursuant to the Rules and Regulations and as of the Closing Date
or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, contained an untrue statement
of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to
make the statements, in the light of the circumstances under which they are
made, not misleading (except that such counsel need express no view as to
financial statements, schedules and statistical information therein).
(c) The Representatives shall have received at the Closing Date or
the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, the opinion of Peter Dehlinger &
Associates, patent counsel to the Company, dated the Closing Date or the
Option Closing Date, as the case may be, addressed to the Underwriters (and
stating that it may be relied upon by counsel to the Underwriters) related to
the Company's patents and substantially in the form attached hereto as
Schedule II hereto.
(d) The Representative shall have received from Weiss, Jensen,
Ellis & Howard, counsel for the Underwriters, an opinion dated the Closing
Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, substantially to the
effect specified in subparagraphs (i), (iv) and (v) of Paragraph (b) of this
Section 6. In rendering such opinion Weiss Jensen Ellis & Howard may rely as
to all matters governed other than by Federal laws on the opinions of counsel
referred to in Paragraph (b) of this Section 6. In addition to the matters
set forth above, such opinion shall also include a statement to the effect
that nothing has come to the attention of such counsel that has caused them
to believe that (i) the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, as
of the time it became effective under the Act (but after giving effect to any
modifications incorporated therein pursuant to Rule 430A under the Act) and
as of the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be,
contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 15 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
therein not misleading, and (ii) the Prospectus, or any supplement thereto,
on the date it was filed pursuant to the Rules and Regulations and as of the
Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, contained an
untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact
necessary in order to make the statements, in the light of the circumstances
under which they are made, not misleading (except that such counsel need
express no view as to financial statements, schedules and statistical
information therein). With respect to such statement, Weiss Jensen Ellis &
Howard may state that their belief is based upon the procedures set forth
therein, but is without independent check and verification.
(e) The Representative shall have received at or prior to the
Closing Date from Weiss Jensen Ellis & Howard a memorandum or summary, in
form and substance satisfactory to the Representative, with respect to the
qualification for offering and sale by the Underwriters of the Shares under
the state securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the
Representative may reasonably have designated to the Company.
(f) The Representative, on behalf of the several Underwriters,
shall have received, on each of the dates hereof, the Closing Date and the
Option Closing Date, as the case may be, a letter dated the date hereof, the
Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, in form and
substance satisfactory to the Representative, of Arthur Andersen LLP
confirming that they are independent public accountants within the meaning of
the Act and the applicable published Rules and Regulations thereunder and
stating that in their opinion the financial statements and schedules examined
by them and included in the Registration Statement comply in form in all
material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the Act and
the related published Rules and Regulations and containing such other
statements and information as is ordinarily included in accountants' "comfort
letters" to Underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain
financial and statistical information contained in the Registration Statement
and Prospectus.
(g) The Representative shall have received on the Closing Date or
the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, a certificate or certificates of
the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company to
the effect that, as of the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the
case may be, each of them severally represents as follows:
(i) The Registration Statement has become effective under the
Act and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement has been issued, and no proceedings for such purpose have
been taken or are, to his knowledge, contemplated by the Commission;
(ii) The representations and warranties of the Company
contained in Section 1 hereof are true and correct as of the Closing
Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be;
(iii) All filings required to have been made pursuant to Rules
424 or 430A under the Act have been made;
(iv) He has carefully examined the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus and, in his opinion, as of the effective date of the
Registration Statement, the statements contained in the Registration
Statement were true and correct, and such Registration
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 16 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
Statement and Prospectus did not omit to state a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the
statements therein not misleading, and since the effective date of
the Registration Statement, no event has occurred which should have
been set forth in a supplement to or an amendment of the Prospectus
which has not been so set forth in such supplement or amendment; and
(v) Since the respective dates as of which information is
given in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, there has not been
any material adverse change or any development involving a prospective
material adverse change in or affecting the condition, financial or
otherwise, of the Company or the earnings, business, management,
properties, assets, rights, operations, condition (financial or
otherwise) or prospects of the Company, whether or not arising in the
ordinary course of business.
(h) The Company shall have furnished to the Representative such
further certificates and documents confirming the representations and
warranties, covenants and conditions contained herein and related matters as
the Representative may reasonably have requested.
(i) The Shares have been approved for listing upon notice of
issuance on NASDAQ.
(j) The Lockup Agreements described in Section 4(j) are in full
force and effect.
The opinions and certificates mentioned in this Agreement shall be
deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in all
material respects satisfactory to the Representative and to Weiss Jensen
Ellis & Howard, counsel for the Underwriters.
If any of the conditions hereinabove provided for in this Section 6
shall not have been fulfilled when and as required by this Agreement to be
fulfilled, the obligations of the Underwriters hereunder may be terminated by
the Representative by notifying the Company of such termination in writing or
by telegram at or prior to the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as
the case may be.
In such event, the Company and the Underwriters shall not be under
any obligation to each other (except to the extent provided in Sections 5 and
8 hereof).
7. CONDITIONS OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMPANY.
The obligations of the Company to sell and deliver the portion of
the Shares required to be delivered as and when specified in this Agreement
are subject to the conditions that at the Closing Date or the Option Closing
Date, as the case may be, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the
Registration Statement shall have been issued and in effect or proceedings
therefor initiated or threatened.
8. INDEMNIFICATION.
(a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each
Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the
meaning of the Act, against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to
which such Underwriter or any such controlling person
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 17 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
may become subject under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses,
claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof)
arise out of or are based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue
statement of any material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any
Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement
thereto, or (ii) the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading; and will reimburse each Underwriter and each such
controlling person upon demand for any legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred by such Underwriter or such controlling person in connection with
investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage or liability, action
or proceeding or in responding to a subpoena or governmental inquiry related
to the offering of the Shares, whether or not such Underwriter or controlling
person is a party to any action or proceeding; provided, however, that the
Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss,
claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement
or alleged untrue statement, or omission or alleged omission made in the
Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, or such
amendment or supplement, in reliance upon and in conformity with written
information furnished to the Company by or through the Representative
specifically for use in the preparation thereof. This indemnity agreement
will be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have.
(b) Each Underwriter severally and not jointly will indemnify and
hold harmless the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who
have signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls
the Company within the meaning of the Act, against any losses, claims,
damages or liabilities to which the Company or any such director, officer or
controlling person may become subject under the Act or otherwise, insofar as
such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings in
respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (i) any untrue statement or
alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in the Registration
Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendment or
supplement thereto, or (ii) the omission or the alleged omission to state
therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make
the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading; and will reimburse any legal or other expenses
reasonably incurred by the Company or any such director, officer or
controlling person in connection with investigating or defending any such
loss, claim, damage, liability, action or proceeding; provided, however, that
each Underwriter will be liable in each case to the extent, but only to the
extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or
alleged omission has been made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary
Prospectus, the Prospectus or such amendment or supplement, in reliance upon
and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or
through the Representative specifically for use in the preparation thereof.
This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which such
Underwriter may otherwise have.
(c) In case any proceeding (including any governmental
investigation) shall be instituted involving any person in respect of which
indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Section 8, such person (the
"indemnified party") shall promptly notify the person against whom such
indemnity may be sought (the "indemnifying party") in writing. No
indemnification provided for in Section 8(a) or (b) shall be available to any
party who shall fail to give notice as provided in this Section 8(c) if the
party to whom notice was not given was unaware of the proceeding to which
such notice would have related and was materially prejudiced by the failure
to give such notice, but the failure to give such notice shall not relieve
the indemnifying party or
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 18 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
parties from any liability which it or they may have to the indemnified party
for contribution or otherwise than on account of the provisions of Section
8(a) or (b). In case any such proceeding shall be brought against any
indemnified party and it shall notify the indemnifying party of the
commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate
therein and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any other
indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with
counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party and shall pay as incurred the
fees and disbursements of such counsel related to such proceeding. In any
such proceeding, any indemnified party shall have the right to retain its own
counsel at its own expense. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indemnifying
party shall pay as incurred (or within 30 days of presentation) the fees and
expenses of the counsel retained by the indemnified party in the event (i)
the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have mutually agreed
to the retention of such counsel, (ii) the named parties to any such
proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the indemnifying
party and the indemnified party and representation of both parties by the
same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing
interests between them or (iii) the indemnifying party shall have failed to
assume the defense and employ counsel acceptable to the indemnified party
within a reasonable period of time after notice of commencement of the
action. It is understood that the indemnifying party shall not, in connection
with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be
liable for the reasonable fees and expenses of more than one separate firm
for all such indemnified parties. Such firm shall be designated in writing by
you in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 8(a) and by the
Company in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 8(b). The
indemnifying party shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding
effected without its written consent but if settled with such consent or if
there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to
indemnify the indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by
reason of such settlement or judgment. In addition, the indemnifying party
will not, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, settle
or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or
threatened claim, action or proceeding of which indemnification may be sought
hereunder (whether or not any indemnified party is an actual or potential
party to such claim, action or proceeding) unless such settlement, compromise
or consent includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from
all liability arising out of such claim, action or proceeding.
(d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 8 is
unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under
Section 8(a) or (b) above in respect of any losses, claims, damages or
liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof) referred to
therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or
payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages
or liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof) in such
proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the
Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other from the offering
of the Shares. If, however, the allocation provided by the immediately
preceding sentence is not permitted by applicable law then each indemnifying
party shall contribute to such amount paid or payable by such indemnified
party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such relative
benefits but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the
Underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions
which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, (or actions or
proceedings in respect thereof), as well as any other relevant equitable
considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand
and the Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same
proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting
expenses) received by the Company bears to the total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 19 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each
case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus. The
relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things,
whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the
omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information
supplied by the Company on the one hand or the Underwriters on the other and
the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and
opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and
equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 8(d) were determined by
pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for
such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take
account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section
8(d). The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the
losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect
thereof) referred to above in this Section 8(d) shall be deemed to include
any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in
connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), (i) no Underwriter
shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting
discounts and commissions applicable to the Shares purchased by such
Underwriter, and (ii) no person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation
(within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to
contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent
misrepresentation. The Underwriters' obligations in this Section 8(d) to
contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting
obligations and not joint.
(e) In any proceeding relating to the Registration Statement, any
Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any supplement or amendment
thereto, each party against whom contribution may be sought under this
Section 8 hereby consents to the jurisdiction of any court having
jurisdiction over any other contributing party, agrees that process issuing
from such court may be served upon him or it by any other contributing party
and consents to the service of such process and agrees that any other
contributing party may join him or it as an additional defendant in any such
proceeding in which such other contributing party is a party.
(f) Any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses for which
an indemnified party is entitled to indemnification or contribution under
this Section 8 shall be paid by the indemnifying party to the indemnified
party as such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses are incurred.
The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this Section 8 and the
representations and warranties of the Company set forth in this Agreement
shall remain operative and in full force and effect, regardless of (i) any
investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any person
controlling any Underwriter, the Company, its directors or officers or any
persons controlling the Company, (ii) acceptance of any Shares and payment
therefor hereunder, and (iii) any termination of this Agreement. A successor
to any Underwriter, or to the Company, its directors or officers, or any
person controlling the Company, shall be entitled to the benefits of the
indemnity, contribution and reimbursement agreements contained in this
Section 8.
9. DEFAULT BY UNDERWRITERS.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 20 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
If on the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may
be, any Underwriter shall fail to purchase and pay for the portion of the
Shares which such Underwriter has agreed to purchase and pay for on such date
(otherwise than by reason of any default on the part of the Company), you, as
Representative of the Underwriters, shall use reasonable efforts to procure
within 36 hours thereafter one or more of the other Underwriters, or any
others, to purchase from the Company such amounts as may be agreed upon and
upon the terms set forth herein, the Firm Shares or Option Shares, as the
case may be, which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to
purchase. If during such 36 hours you, as such Representative, shall not have
procured such other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase the Firm Shares
or Option Shares, as the case may be, agreed to be purchased by the
defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then (a) if the aggregate number of
Shares with respect to which such default shall occur does not exceed 10% of
the Firm Shares or Option Shares, as the case may be, covered hereby, the
other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally, in proportion to the
respective numbers of Firm Shares or Option Shares, as the case may be, which
they are obligated to purchase hereunder, to purchase the Firm Shares or
Option Shares, as the case may be, which such defaulting Underwriter or
Underwriters failed to purchase, or (b) if the aggregate number of Firm
Shares or Option Shares, as the case may be, with respect to which such
default shall occur exceeds 10% of the Firm Shares or Option Shares, as the
case may be, covered hereby, the Company or you as the Representative of the
Underwriters will have the right, by written notice given within the next
36-hour period to the parties to this Agreement, to terminate this Agreement
without liability on the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters or of the
Company except to the extent provided in Section 8 hereof. In the event of a
default by any Underwriter or Underwriters, as set forth in this Section 9,
the Closing Date or Option Closing Date, as the case may be, may be postponed
for such period, not exceeding seven days, as you, as Representative, may
determine in order that the required changes in the Registration Statement or
in the Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected.
The term "Underwriter" includes any person substituted for a defaulting
Underwriter. Any action taken under this Section 9 shall not relieve any
defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such
Underwriter under this Agreement.
10. NOTICES.
All communications hereunder shall be in writing and, except as
otherwise provided herein, will be mailed, delivered, telecopied or
telegraphed and confirmed as follows: if to the Underwriters, to Paulson
Investment Company, Inc., 811 SW Naito Parkway, Portland, Oregon 97204,
Attention: Chester L.F. Paulson; with a copy to Weiss , Jensen, Ellis, &
Howard, 111 S.W. Fifth Avenue, Suite 2300, Portland, Oregon 97204, Attention:
Mark A. von Bergen; if to the Company, to AVI BioPharma, Inc., at One S.W.
Columbia, Suite 1105, Portland, Oregon 97258, Attention: Denis R. Burger;
with a copy to Ater Wynne LLP, 222 S.W. Columbia, Suite 1800, Portland,
Oregon 97201, Attention: Byron W. Milstead.
11. TERMINATION.
This Agreement may be terminated by you by notice to the Company as
follows:
(a) at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the time the Shares are
released by you for sale by notice to the Underwriters, or (ii) 11:30 a.m. on
the first business day following the date of this Agreement;
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 21 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
(b) at any time prior to the Closing Date if any of the following
has occurred: (i) since the respective dates as of which information is given
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, any material adverse change
or any development involving a prospective material adverse change in or
affecting the condition, financial or otherwise, of the Company, the
earnings, business, management, properties, assets, rights, operations,
condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company, whether or
not arising in the ordinary course of business, (ii) any outbreak or
escalation of hostilities or declaration of war or national emergency or
other national or international calamity or crisis or change in economic or
political conditions if the effect of such outbreak, escalation, declaration,
emergency, calamity, crisis or change on the financial markets of the United
States would, in your reasonable judgment, make it impracticable to market
the Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Shares, (iii) the Dow
Jones Industrial Average shall have fallen by 15 percent or more from its
closing price on the day immediately preceding the date that the Registration
Statement is declared effective by the Commission, (iv) suspension of trading
in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock
Exchange or limitation on prices (other than limitations on hours or numbers
of days of trading) for securities on either such Exchange, (v) the
enactment, publication, decree or other promulgation of any statute,
regulation, rule or order of any court or other governmental authority which
in your opinion materially and adversely affects or may materially and
adversely affect the business or operations of the Company, (vi) declaration
of a banking moratorium by United States or New York State authorities, (vii)
any downgrading in the rating of the Company's debt securities by any
"nationally recognized statistical rating organization" (as defined for
purposes of Rule 436(g) under the Exchange Act); (viii) the suspension of
trading of the Common Stock or the Warrants by the Commission or NASDAQ, or
(ix) the taking of any action by any governmental body or agency in respect
of its monetary or fiscal affairs which in your reasonable opinion has a
material adverse effect on the securities markets in the United States; or
(c) as provided in Sections 6 and 9 of this Agreement.
12. SUCCESSORS.
This Agreement has been and is made solely for the benefit of the
Underwriters, the Company and their respective successors, executors,
administrators, heirs and assigns, and the officers, directors and
controlling persons referred to herein, and no other person will have any
right or obligation hereunder. No purchaser of any of the Shares from any
Underwriter shall be deemed a successor or assign merely because of such
purchase.
13. INFORMATION PROVIDED BY UNDERWRITERS.
The Company and the Underwriters acknowledge and agree that the only
information furnished or to be furnished by any Underwriter to the Company
for inclusion in the Prospectus or the Registration Statement consists of the
information set forth in the last paragraph on the front cover page (insofar
as such information relates to the Underwriters), legends required by Item
502(b) of Regulation S-K under the Act and the information under the caption
"Underwriting" in the Prospectus.
14. MISCELLANEOUS.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 22 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
The reimbursement, indemnification and contribution agreements
contained in this Agreement and the representations, warranties and covenants
in this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect regardless of (a) any
termination of this Agreement, (b) any investigation made by or on behalf of
any Underwriter or controlling person thereof, or by or on behalf of the
Company or its directors or officers and (c) delivery of and payment for the
Shares under this Agreement.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute
one and the same instrument.
This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance
with, the laws of the State of Oregon. All disputes relating to this
Underwriting Agreement shall be adjudicated before a court located in
Multnomah County, Oregon to the exclusion of all other courts that might have
jurisdiction.
If the foregoing letter is in accordance with your understanding of
our agreement, please sign and return to us the enclosed duplicates hereof,
whereupon it will become a binding agreement among the Company and the
several Underwriters in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
AVI BIOPHARMA, INC.
By: _____________________________________
Denis R. Burger, Ph.D., President and
Chief Executive Officer
The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted as of the
date first above written.
PAULSON INVESTMENT COMPANY, INC.
As Representative of the several
Underwriters listed on Schedule I
By: ___________________________________
Authorized Officer
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 23 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
SCHEDULE I
SCHEDULE OF UNDERWRITERS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of
Firm Shares
Underwriter to be Purchased
---------------------------------------------- ---------------
<S> <C>
Paulson Investment Company, Inc.
TOTAL:
================
</TABLE>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 24 - UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
