UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
|X| Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998
OR
|_| Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
For the transition period from ____ to ____.
Commission File Number 000-23186
BIOCRYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 62-1413174
(State of other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. employer identification no.)
incorporation or organization)
2190 Parkway Lake Drive; Birmingham, Alabama 35244
(Address and zip code of principal executive offices)
(205) 444-4600
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
None None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, $.01 Par Value
Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No .
--- ---
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K |_|.
While it is difficult to determine the number of shares owned by non-affiliates,
the Registrant estimates that the aggregate market value of the Common Stock on
March 15, 1999 (based upon the closing price shown on the Nasdaq National Market
on March 15, 1999) held by non-affiliates was approximately $90,258,291. For
this computation, the Registrant has excluded the market value of all shares of
its Common Stock reported as beneficially owned by officers, directors and
certain significant stockholders of the Registrant. Such exclusion shall not be
deemed to constitute an admission that any such stockholder is an affiliate of
the Registrant.
The number of shares of Common Stock, par value $.01, of the Registrant
outstanding as of March 15, 1999 was 14,987,032 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("BioCryst" or the "Company") is an emerging
pharmaceutical company using structure-based drug design to discover and design
novel, small-molecule pharmaceutical products for the treatment of major
immunological, viral and cardiovascular diseases and disorders. The Company
believes that structure-based drug design, by precisely designing compounds to
fit the active site of target proteins, offers the potential for developing
drugs for many indications that have improved efficacy and fewer side effects
than currently marketed drugs for the same indications. The Company is
conducting a clinical trial with its lead immunological compound, BCX-34, with
an oral formulation for HIV, and will be conducting another clinical trial in
1999 with an oral formulation of BCX-34 for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma ("CTCL").
BioCryst has also discovered drug candidates using its structure-based drug
design technologies to inhibit influenza neuraminidase and serine proteases
involved in the complement cascade, which is implicated in several major
inflammatory conditions. The Company has selected a lead compound, BCX-1470, for
its serine protease inhibitor in its complement cascade project.
BioCryst's lead viral drug program, which has been licensed for clinical
development, targets the inhibition of the influenza neuraminidase enzyme.
Inhibiting the influenza neuraminidase enzyme appears to be a promising method
to treat and prevent influenza infections. Four neuraminidase inhibitors were
tested to assess the compounds' oral activity against influenza A and influenza
B. One of the elements of the Company's strategic plan is to leverage its
clinical progress by entering into pharmaceutical collaborations with drug
companies in major world markets. BioCryst entered into an exclusive worldwide
license agreement in September 1998 with the R.W. Johnson Research Institute
("PRI") and Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc. ("Ortho-McNeil"), both Johnson &
Johnson companies, to develop and market products to treat and prevent viral
influenza. BioCryst entered into an exclusive license agreement in May 1996 with
Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ("Torii"), a Japanese pharmaceutical company
majority owned by Japan Tobacco Inc., for the development and commercialization
in Japan of BCX-34 and certain other purine nucleoside phosphorylase ("PNP")
inhibitor compounds. PNP is an enzyme believed to be involved in T-cell
proliferation.
BioCryst's lead immunological drug program targets T-cell proliferative
disorders, which arise when T-cells, immune system cells that normally fight
infection, attack normal body cells or multiply uncontrollably. These disorders
are varied and include CTCL (a severe form of cancer), transplant rejection and
certain autoimmune diseases. BioCryst has designed and synthesized several
chemically distinct classes of compounds which inhibit PNP.
The Company has completed seven Phase I clinical trials, four Phase I/II
clinical trials, six Phase II clinical trials and two Phase III clinical trials
with topical BCX-34 and has completed six Phase I trials with oral and
intravenous formulations of BCX-34 and two Phase I/II clinical trials with an
oral formulation of BCX-34 and is conducting a Phase I/II clinical trials with
an oral formulation of BCX-34. BCX-34 has been tested in approximately 680
subjects, and no significant drug-related side effects have been observed. The
Phase III clinical trials with topical BCX-34 for the treatment of CTCL and
psoriasis did not demonstrate statistical efficacy and resulted in cessation of
further development of topical cream and ointment formulations. The Company is
continuing its PNP inhibitor program for the oral and intravenous formulations
of BCX-34.
The Company has completed two Phase I clinical trials with an intravenous
formulation of BCX-1470 in 40 healthy subjects with no significant systemic
drug-related side effects and minor local irritation at the infusion site. The
Company is currently conducting an additional series of preclinical studies to
determine if BCX-1470 will be advanced into a Phase I/II clinical trial in the
treatment of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
BioCryst's scientists include recognized world leaders in the fields of X-ray
crystallography and medicinal chemistry, two core disciplines associated with
structure-based drug design. The Company has certain collaborative arrangements
with The University of Alabama at Birmingham ("UAB"), which has one of the
leading X-ray crystallography centers in the world and has been successful in
characterizing a significant number of medically relevant protein targets. The
Company believes, based upon its scientific staff and management, the number of
compounds it has designed and its
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clinical development program, that it is a leader in the practical application
of structure-based drug design.
In September 1998, the Company entered into a worldwide license agreement with
PRI and Ortho-McNeil to develop and market products to treat and prevent viral
influenza. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company received an initial
$6.0 million. The agreement provides for additional potential milestone payments
and royalties based on future sales of licensed products. PRI and Ortho-McNeil
are responsible for all development, regulatory and commercialization expenses.
The agreement is subject to termination by PRI and Ortho-McNeil at any time upon
notice and by the Company in certain circumstances. In addition, Johnson &
Johnson Development Corporation ("JJDC"), another Johnson & Johnson company,
made a $6.0 million equity investment in the Company in connection with signing
the license agreement.
In May 1996, the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which it granted
Torii an exclusive license, with the right to sublicense, to develop,
manufacture and commercialize BCX-34 and certain other PNP inhibitor compounds
in Japan for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, T-cell cancers (including
CTCL) and atopic dermatitis. Upon entering into the agreement, Torii paid the
Company $1.5 million in license fees and made a $1.5 million equity investment
in the Company, purchasing 76,608 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of
$19.58 per share. A milestone payment of $1 million was paid the Company by
Torii in 1997. In order for Torii to maintain its licensing rights, it is
obligated to make payments to the Company of up to $18 million upon the
achievement of specified development milestones. Torii is responsible for all
development, regulatory and commercialization expenses in Japan and is obligated
to pay royalties to the Company on sales of licensed products in Japan. The
agreement will remain in effect, unless earlier terminated, until the last to
expire of any patent rights licensed under the agreement, or in the event no
patents issue, for twenty years from May 31, 1996. The agreement is subject to
termination by Torii at any time and by the Company in certain circumstances,
including any material breaches of the agreement by Torii. Pursuant to the
agreement, Torii may negotiate a license with the Company to develop BCX-34 and
certain other PNP inhibitor compounds for additional indications.
Products in Development
The following table summarizes BioCryst's development projects as of February
28, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PROGRAM/ INDICATION/ DELIVERY STAGE OF
COMPOUND APPLICATION FORM DEVELOPMENT
-------- ----------- ---- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
PNP Inhibitors (BCX-34) CTCL Oral/Intravenous Phase I/II
Psoriasis Oral Phase I/II
HIV Oral Phase I
Rheumatoid arthritis Oral Preclinical
Crohn's disease Oral Preclinical
Multiple sclerosis Oral Preclinical
Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors Influenza Oral Licensed to Johnson &
Johnson companies for
clinical development
Complement Inhibitors Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery Intravenous Phase I
Angioplasty Intravenous/Oral Research
Post myocardial Infarction Intravenous/Oral Research
Tissue Factor/VIIa Anticoagulation of blood Intravenous/Oral Research
Parainfluenza Parainfluenza virus Oral Research
</TABLE>
- ----------
See "-Government Regulation" for a description of drug development phases and
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations - Certain Factors That May Affect Future Results, Financial
Condition and the Market Price of Securities" for a discussion of certain
factors that can adversely affect the Company's drug development programs.
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PNP Inhibitors (BCX-34)
The human immune system employs specialized cells and proteins, including cells
known as T-cells and B-cells, to control infection and recognize and attack
foreign disease-causing viruses, bacteria and parasites. The immune system can
also cause diseases or disorders when it inappropriately identifies the body's
own tissue as foreign and, among other things, produces T-cells that attack
normal body cells. Such diseases are referred to as autoimmune diseases and
include psoriasis, in which the immune system attacks skin tissue, and
rheumatoid arthritis, in which the immune system attacks joint tissue. This
immune system response also causes transplant rejection in which the T-cells of
the immune system attack the transplanted organ or tissue. The immune system may
also produce T-cells that multiply uncontrollably. T-cell proliferation in such
cases is associated with cancers such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Within the
past decade, drugs have been developed that treat autoimmune and related
diseases by selectively suppressing the immune system. However, most current
immunosuppressive drugs have dose-limiting side effects, including severe
toxicity.
The link between T-cell proliferative disorders and the PNP enzyme was first
discovered approximately 20 years ago when a patient, who was genetically
deficient in PNP, exhibited limited T-cell activity, but reasonably normal
activity of other immune functions. Since then, additional patients with
inherited PNP deficiency have been reported. In most patients, the T-cell
population was less than 20% of normal levels, often as low as 1-3% of normal
levels. However, B-cell function was normal in approximately two-thirds of these
patients. These findings suggested that inhibition of PNP might produce
selective suppression of T-cell function without significantly impairing B-cell
function.
BioCryst has designed and synthesized several chemically distinct classes of
small molecule compounds (seven of which have been patented in the United
States) which inhibit the PNP enzyme. In in vitro preclinical studies, the
Company's PNP inhibitor compounds selectively and potently suppressed human
T-cells associated with certain T-cell proliferative disorders. One member of a
patented class of PNP inhibitor compounds, BCX-34, which was designed and
developed by BioCryst, to date has undergone clinical trials as a potential
treatment for a number of T-cell proliferative diseases and related disorders.
The Company is in the clinical stage of development of oral and intravenous
formulations of BCX-34. An orally deliverable product may allow systemic
application of the drug in diseases that either cannot be treated topically or
can be treated more successfully with an oral formulation. An intravenous
formulation may allow more precise dosage control and direct systemic
application into the bloodstream and may permit usage of BCX-34 where other
methods of delivery may not be suitable.
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. CTCL is a severe form of cancer which is
characterized by the development of scaly patches on the skin, progressing to
ulcers and tumors of the skin, lymph nodes and internal organs. CTCL is a
chronic disease involving the proliferation of certain types of T-cells.
According to a medical journal, approximately 1,000 new cases of CTCL are
diagnosed annually in the United States. There is no known cure and the median
survival time is approximately four years after systemic progression of the
disease. Existing therapies for CTCL are generally considered inadequate. In
October 1993, the Company obtained from the United States Food and Drug
Administration (the "FDA") orphan drug designation for BCX-34 to treat CTCL and
may qualify for accelerated review as a new drug to treat serious and
life-threatening illnesses.
In 1998, the Company completed a Phase I/II dose escalation oral trial in CTCL
and other T-cell cancer patients. This was an open label trial designed to
provide safety and pharmacokinetic data on BCX-34 as well as provide potential
efficacy data. A total of 45 patients were enrolled and dosed in this study.
Dose-limiting toxicity was not encountered and some objective responses were
observed. A second Phase I/II oral trial in CTCL is planned in the second
quarter of 1999 for up to 55 patients at up to 23 sites. The frequency and
completeness of response to 12 weeks of treatment will be assessed.
Psoriasis. Psoriasis is a common chronic and recurrent disease involving T-cells
characterized by red, thick scaling of the skin, which can develop at any time
in life. According to the National Psoriasis Foundation, it is estimated that
approximately five million people suffer from some form of psoriasis in the
United States and 150,000 to 260,000 new cases are diagnosed annually. About 10%
of these cases are classified as "severe" and are most likely to require
physician's care and drug intervention. In some cases, the condition may be
accompanied by a form of arthritis which can be debilitating. Current therapies
for psoriasis either are of limited benefit or have severe side effects.
The Company has completed a Phase I/II clinical trial with an oral formulation
of BCX-34 for the treatment of psoriasis. Further development will be dependent
upon the results of the Phase I/II clinical trial with an oral formulation
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of BCX-34 for CTCL and the Phase I clinical trial with an oral formulation of
BCX-34 for HIV.
HIV. Due to the increasing number of HIV-infected people, HIV infection is a
major health concern. Despite extensive research and development, the treatment
of HIV infection remains unsatisfactory due to the toxicity or limited
therapeutic benefit of currently approved therapies. The Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention ("CDC") estimates that there are approximately one
million people in the United States infected with HIV. HIV drug research has
focused primarily on developing inhibitors of the enzymes reverse transcriptase
("RT") and HIV protease. Initially, scientists thought blocking the HIV
essential RT enzyme would shut down replication of HIV and curb the progression
of HIV infection to AIDS. Several RT inhibitors are now approved, but the
clinical usefulness of these drugs has been limited by their toxicity and by the
ability of HIV to mutate into forms that are resistant to them. A second
approach of HIV drug research and treatment has targeted the HIV protease
enzyme. HIV protease is an enzyme that performs an essential role in the
infectious cycle of HIV. It is believed that blocking HIV protease renders HIV
unable to form a new infectious virus. Although numerous companies are
developing protease inhibitors, the long-term therapeutic potential of these
drugs is uncertain.
A new approach to HIV drug research focuses on the T-cell host rather than the
virus. It is believed that while resting, nondividing CD4 T-cells can be
infected by the virus, the virus does not multiply. Since T-cell activation and
growth appear to be essential for virus replication, a treatment which inhibits
T-cell growth might decrease the overall viral burden. The Company believes,
based in part upon preliminary preclinical in vitro tests, that BCX-34 could
potentially be useful in treating HIV-infected patients by reversibly inhibiting
the growth of infected T-cells. The Company, in collaboration with researchers
at the UAB Center for AIDS Research on the design, has initiated a Phase I
clinical trial with an oral formulation of BCX-34 for the treatment of HIV.
Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that
involves inflammation of the membranes lining joints, causing joint pain,
swelling, and deformities. According to a scientific journal, it is estimated
that approximately 1% to 2% of the U.S. adult population is afflicted with
rheumatoid arthritis. There are many drugs used to treat the disease, but such
drug treatments only alleviate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The Company
believes T-cell controlling agents, such as PNP inhibitors and specifically an
oral formulation of BCX-34, offer promise as a potential drug treatment for
rheumatoid arthritis. Among other potential competitors, Novartis
Pharmaceuticals Corporation, formerly Ciba-Geigy Corporation, ("Novartis") has
rights to develop a group of PNP inhibitors, excluding BCX-34, licensed from
BioCryst, with potential application in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Crohn's Disease. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease that affects the
intestines and other parts of the digestive tract. A patient with Crohn's
disease suffers chronic, sometimes severe, episodes of diarrhea, abdominal pain,
rectal bleeding and fever. Approximately 500,000 people worldwide suffer from
Crohn's disease. The Company believes that T-cell controlling agents such as PNP
inhibitors may offer promise as a potential drug treatment for Crohn's disease.
The Company is at the preclinical stage of development of an oral formulation of
BCX-34 for treatment of Crohn's disease.
Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis ("MS") is an autoimmune disease in which
T-cells attack and progressively destroy the myelin sheath that envelops certain
nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The disease is characterized by
unpredictable attacks of neurological dysfunction that may include partial
paralysis or tremors, lack of motor coordination, vision problems and memory
loss. MS afflicts between 250,000 and 300,000 people in the United States,
approximately two-thirds of which are women. The Company believes that T-cell
controlling agents such as PNP inhibitors offer promise as a potential drug
treatment for MS. BioCryst believes that an oral formulation of BCX-34 may be
useful for the treatment of MS. The first FDA approved treatment for any form of
MS, a beta interferon, became available in 1993. Beta interferon is a large
molecule protein which requires delivery by injection. The Company is at the
preclinical stage of development of an oral formulation of BCX-34 for treatment
of MS.
Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Influenza is a viral disease which is particularly dangerous to the very young,
the elderly and debilitated patients and those who have suppressed immune
systems. The CDC estimates that approximately 10% to 20% of the U.S. population
is infected with influenza during most influenza seasons. The current standard
for preventing flu is by vaccination, which is of limited benefit as vaccines
are designed to resist a specific flu strain. No satisfactory treatment
currently exists although Glaxo Wellcome and Hoffmann-La Roche have similar flu
drug candidates in advanced stages
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of clinical trials. Influenza neuraminidase is an enzyme on the surface of the
influenza virus which is associated with the spread of influenza and is believed
to permit the influenza virus to invade human cells. The Company believes that a
neuraminidase inhibitor may be useful as a treatment for influenza and has
developed certain inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase. As described above in
General, these inhibitors have been licensed to two Johnson & Johnson companies
for clinical development. The Company also believes that several other
pharmaceutical companies are engaged in research to design or discover
inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase.
Complement Inhibitors
The human body is equipped with immunological defense mechanisms to respond
aggressively to infection or injury. One of these mechanisms, called complement,
is a system of functionally linked proteins that interact with one another in a
highly regulated manner. The complement system functions as a "cascade." Once an
activator of the system converts an inactive enzyme to an active enzyme, the
activated enzyme activates more proteins at the next stage, which in turn
activates other proteins. This mechanism, if inappropriately activated, can
cause acute medical reactions, including inflammatory reactions that accompany
hemodialysis, myocardial infarction, bypass surgery and post heart attack
reperfusion injury. There are two pathways of complement activation, the
classical pathway and the alternative pathway. The classical pathway is usually
initiated by antigen-antibody complexes, while the alternative pathway is
activated by bacterial, viral and parasite cell surfaces.
Due to the biochemical mechanism of the complement cascade, BioCryst believes
complement inhibitors may have therapeutic applications in several acute and
chronic immunological disorders. BioCryst is focusing its research efforts on
designing enzyme inhibitors to limit the rapid and aggressive damage caused by
the complement cascade. The Company is initially focusing on designing
inhibitors for Factor D and Factor B, enzymes playing a role in the alternative
pathway, and the enzyme C1s, which plays a role in the classical pathway.
Working with UAB scientists and funded in part by Small Business Innovation
Research ("SBIR") grants from the National Institutes of Health ("NIH"),
BioCryst has characterized the three-dimensional structure of Factor D and has
developed various assay systems for screening complement inhibitors. The Company
is performing preclinical studies with certain inhibitors it has designed and
synthesized. Preclinical results have shown that BCX-1470 and related compounds
can block key blood enzymes, known as serine proteases, responsible for
excessive bleeding and inflammatory damage related to cardiopulmonary bypass
surgery. The Company completed two Phase I clinical trials, one of which is
still under evaluation, for an intravenous formulation of BCX-1470 in 1998. The
Company continues to design additional complement inhibitors. The Company has a
collaboration agreement to use combinatorial chemistry to help identify certain
inhibitors. See "Research and Development - 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals."
Tissue Factor/VIIa
Blood coagulation proceeds by a cascade of reactions leading to the formation of
a blood clot. The cascade is initiated by exposure, due to injury, of cell
surface tissue factor to blood and the subsequent formation of the Tissue
Factor/VIIa complex ("TF/VIIa"). TF/VIIa then activates other factors leading to
a blood clot. It has been extensively shown in animal models that blood clot
formation can be treated by inhibiting either TF/VIIa or TF. TF/VIIa inhibitors
may potentially be useful in coronary thrombosis, disseminated intravascular
coagulation, stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis, ARDS and cancer. The
Company is at the research stage of development of intravenous and oral
formulations for inhibition of Tissue Factor/VIIa.
Parainfluenza
Human parainfluenza virus ("PIV") is an important lower respiratory tract
pathogen in infants and young children. Acute infection with PIV accounts for a
significant portion of croup, bronchialitis and pneumonia in children. In the
United States, about five million infants and children per year are infected
with PIV. While the molecular structure of PIV neuraminidase has not been
determined, observations have led to predictions that the active site of PIV
neuraminidase may share common features with the active site of influenza
neuraminidase. The Company is reviewing the preliminary research it has done on
influenza neuraminidase as a basis for starting research for a PIV neuraminidase
inhibitor. The Company is at the research stage of development of an oral
formulation for treatment of parainfluenza.
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Drug Discovery Methods
Drugs are chemical compounds that interact with target molecules, typically
proteins, within the human body to affect a molecule's normal function. Ideally,
drugs accomplish their intended therapeutic functions while creating as few side
effects as possible. The interaction can be illustrated as follows: the drug
molecule inserts itself in the target protein like a key inserted in a lock, and
either stimulates, or more commonly suppresses, a protein's normal function. The
results vary depending upon the role of the target protein. A drug that is
selective or specific, i.e., that binds to or blocks the target protein without
affecting other proteins or receptors, is generally more effective, less likely
to cause side effects and can be administered in smaller doses.
Traditional Drug Discovery
Historically, most pharmaceutical companies have relied on costly and
time-consuming screening to discover new chemical entities for development.
While screening has been the basis for the discovery of virtually all drugs
currently in use, the cost has been substantial. On average, it has generally
been necessary to assess hundreds or thousands of chemical compounds to find a
lead compound which successfully completes the development process. If screening
produces a lead compound, it is likely that the compound's mode of action will
be unknown and the risk of side effects caused by a lack of target specificity
will be high. Newer techniques, such as combinatorial chemistry and high
throughput screening, have enhanced the range of compounds that can be examined
quickly. However, screening-based research has, to date, failed to yield
acceptably safe and effective drugs for many important therapeutic needs.
Most pharmaceutical companies presently use some form of pharmacology-based
rational drug design which primarily utilizes certain receptors or purified
enzyme preparations in assays to identify lead compounds and to design molecules
to perform specific therapeutic tasks. Development of lead compounds is
conducted by systematic empirical methods and computer modeling. While this
approach is more refined than random screening, it is still a costly and
time-consuming effort which is limited by the amount and quality of information
available about the target protein.
Structure-Based Drug Design
Structure-based drug design is a drug discovery approach by which synthetic
compounds are designed from detailed structural knowledge of the active sites of
protein targets associated with particular diseases. The Company's
structure-based drug design involves the integrated application of traditional
biology and medicinal chemistry along with an array of advanced technologies,
including X-ray crystallography, combinatorial chemistry, computer modeling of
molecular structures and protein biophysical chemistry, to focus on the
three-dimensional molecular structure and active site characterization of the
proteins that control cellular biology. BioCryst believes that structure-based
drug design is an improvement over traditional drug screening techniques. By
identifying the target protein in advance and by discovering the chemical and
molecular structure of the protein, scientists believe it is possible to design
a more optimal drug to interact with the protein.
The initial targets for structure-based drug design are selected based on their
involvement in the biological pathways integral to the course of a disease. Once
a target is selected, its structure is determined by X-ray crystallography, a
method used in determining the precise three-dimensional molecular structure of
the proteins. This structure is then used as a blueprint for the drug design of
a lead compound. The compounds are modeled for their fit in the active site of
the target, considering both steric aspects (i.e., geometric shape) and
functional group interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic
interactions.
The initial design phase is followed by the synthesis of the lead compound,
quantitative measurements of its ability to interact with the target protein,
and X-ray crystallographic analysis of the compound-target complex. This
analysis reveals important, empirical information on how the compound actually
binds to the target and the nature and extent of changes induced in the target
by the binding. These data, in turn, suggest ways to refine the lead compound to
improve its binding to the target protein. The refined lead compound is then
synthesized and complexed with the target, and further refined in a reiterative
process. If lead compounds are available from other studies, such as screening
of combinatorial libraries, these compounds may serve as starting points for
this optimization cycle using structure-based drug design.
Once a sufficiently potent compound has been designed and optimized, its
activity is evaluated in a biological system to
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establish the compound's ability to function in a physiological environment. If
the compound fails at any stage of the biological evaluation, the design team
reviews the structural model and uses crystallography to adjust structural
features of the compound to overcome the difficulty. This process continues
until a designed compound exhibits the desired properties.
The compound is then evaluated in an experimental disease model. If the compound
fails, the reasons for failure (e.g., adverse metabolism, plasma binding,
distribution, etc.) are determined and, again, new modified compounds are
designed to overcome the deficiencies without interfering with their ability to
interact with the active site of the target protein. The experimental drug is
then ready for conventional drug development (e.g., studies in safety
assessment, formulation, clinical trials, etc.).
This reiterative analysis and compound modification are possible because of the
structural data obtained by X-ray crystallographic analysis at each stage. This
capability renders structure-based drug design a powerful tool for rapid and
efficient development of drugs that are highly specific for particular protein
target sites.
Research and Development
General
BioCryst initiated its research and development program in 1986, with drug
synthesis beginning in 1987. The Company has assembled a scientific research
staff with expertise in a broad base of advanced research technologies including
protein biochemistry, X-ray crystallography, chemistry and pharmacology. Of the
Company's 56 employees at March 15, 1999, 42 were employed in its research and
development, preclinical studies and clinical trials programs. The Company's
staff includes 18 persons with Ph.D. or M.D. degrees.
The Company's research facilities include protein biochemistry and organic
synthesis laboratories, in vitro and in vivo testing facilities, X-ray
crystallography, computer and graphics equipment and formulation facilities.
In addition to its research programs pursued in-house, BioCryst collaborates
with academic institutions to support research in areas of the Company's product
development interests and to conduct its clinical trials. Usually, research
assistance provided by outside academic institutions is performed in conjunction
with additional in-house research. The faculty member supervising the outside
research effort may also participate as a consultant to the Company's in-house
effort. The Company's primary academic collaboration is with UAB and is
described under "Business - Research and Development - UAB Collaborative
Arrangements."
During the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, the Company spent an
aggregate of $27,454,674 on research and development. Of that amount, $7,586,159
was spent in 1996, $10,577,369 was spent in 1997 and $9,291,146 was spent in
1998. Approximately $15,189,828 of that amount was spent on in-house research
and development and $12,264,846 was spent on contract research and development.
PRI and Ortho-McNeil
In September 1998, the Company entered into a worldwide license agreement PRI
and Ortho-McNeil, both Johnson & Johnson companies, to develop and market
products to treat and prevent viral influenza. Under the terms of the agreement,
the Company received an initial $6.0 million. The agreement provides for
additional potential milestone payments and royalties based on future sales of
licensed products. PRI and Ortho-McNeil are responsible for all development,
regulatory and commercialization expenses. The agreement is subject to
termination by PRI and Ortho-McNeil at any time upon notice and by the Company
in certain circumstances, including any material breaches of the agreement by
PRI or Ortho-McNeil. In addition, JJDC, another Johnson & Johnson company, made
a $6.0 million equity investment in the Company in connection with signing the
license agreement.
Torii
In May 1996, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Torii
to develop, manufacture and commercialize BCX-34 and certain other PNP inhibitor
compounds in Japan for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,
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T-cell cancers (including CTCL) and atopic dermatitis. Upon entering into the
agreement, Torii paid the Company $1.5 million in license fees and made a $1.5
million equity investment in the Company, purchasing 76,608 shares of Common
Stock at a purchase price of $19.58 per share. A milestone payment of $1.0
million was made in 1997. The agreement further provides for additional
potential milestone payments of up to $18.0 million and royalties on future
sales of licensed products in Japan. Torii is responsible for all development,
regulatory and commercialization expenses in Japan. The agreement will remain in
effect, unless earlier terminated, until the last to expire of any patent rights
licensed under the agreement, or in the event no patents issue, for twenty years
from May 31, 1996. The agreement is subject to termination by Torii at any time
and by the Company in certain circumstances, including any material breaches of
the agreement by Torii. Pursuant to the agreement, Torii may negotiate a license
with the Company to develop BCX-34 and certain other PNP inhibitor compounds for
additional indications.
3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals
In October 1996, the Company signed an agreement with 3-Dimensional
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("3DP") of Exton, Pennsylvania, under which the companies
will share resources and technology to expedite the identification of inhibitors
of key serine protease enzymes which represent promising targets for inhibition
of complement activation. The agreement combines BioCryst's capabilities in
structure-based drug design with the selection power of 3DP's
DirectedDiversity?, a proprietary method of directing combinatorial chemistry
and high throughput screening toward specific molecular targets, used to rapidly
discover and optimize new drugs. Under the terms of this agreement, the
companies will be responsible for their own research costs. If compounds are
discovered as a result of the collaboration, the companies will then negotiate
clinical development and commercialization rights to those compounds.
UAB Collaborative Arrangements
UAB has one of the largest X-ray crystallography centers in the world with
approximately 112 full-time staff members and approximately $19.5 million in
research grants and contract funding in 1998. In 1986, the Company entered into
an agreement with UAB which granted the Company exclusive rights to any
discoveries resulting from research relating to PNP.
Since 1990, the Company has entered into several other research agreements with
UAB to perform research for the Company. The agreements provide that UAB perform
specific research for the Company in return for research payments and license
fees. In November 1994, the Company entered into an agreement with UAB for the
joint research and development relating to development of an influenza
neuraminidase inhibitor. UAB has granted the Company certain rights to any
discoveries in this area resulting from research previously developed by UAB or
jointly developed with BioCryst. The Company has agreed to pay certain royalties
on sales of any resulting product and to share in future payments received from
other third-party collaborators. In July 1995, the Company entered into an
agreement with UAB for the joint research and development relating to Factor D
inhibitors. This agreement was expanded in October 1996 to include other enzyme
targets of the complement system. UAB has also granted the Company certain
rights to any discoveries in this area resulting from research previously
developed by UAB or jointly developed with BioCryst. The Company has agreed to
pay certain royalties on sales of any resulting product and to share in future
payments received from other third-party collaborators. These two agreements
have initial 25-year terms (automatically renewable for five-year terms
throughout the life of the last patent or extension thereof incorporating the
license rights) and are terminable by the Company upon three months' notice and
by UAB under certain circumstances.
BioCryst believes that due to the expertise of the faculty at UAB in the various
disciplines employed by BioCryst in its structure-based drug design programs,
including X-ray crystallography, and UAB's past performance in identifying and
characterizing medically relevant protein targets, BioCryst's relationship with
UAB is important to the success of BioCryst. No assurance can be given, however,
that UAB's research will be beneficial to BioCryst or that BioCryst will be able
to maintain its relationship with UAB. See Note 9 to Notes to Financial
Statements.
Patents and Proprietary Information
The Company owns or has rights to certain proprietary information, issued and
allowed patents and patent applications which relate to compounds it is
developing. The Company actively seeks, when appropriate, protection for its
products and proprietary information by means of United States and foreign
patents, trademarks and contractual arrangements. In addition, the Company plans
to rely upon trade secrets and contractual arrangements to protect certain of
its proprietary
8
<PAGE>
information and products. The Company has been issued seven United States
patents which expire between 2009 to 2013 and relate to its PNP inhibitor
compounds. The Company's current lead immunological compound, BCX-34, is covered
by one of the patents. This group also includes BCX-5, which may require a
license from Warner-Lambert Company ("Warner-Lambert") to market a product
containing this compound. The Company has the right of first refusal to
negotiate a license from Warner-Lambert for that compound: however, there can be
no assurance that such a license would be available or obtainable on terms
acceptable to the Company. The Company has also been issued a patent by the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office ("PTO") covering the manufacturing process of its
PNP inhibitors which expires in 2015 and an additional patent application has
been filed for another new process to prepare BCX-34 and other PNP inhibitors.
In addition, one patent has issued by the PTO which expires in 2015 and two
patent applications have been filed with the PTO relating to inhibitors of
influenza neuraminidase. Also, two provisional United States patent applications
have been filed with the PTO on complement inhibitors. There can be no assurance
that any patents will provide the Company with sufficient protection against
competitive products or otherwise be commercially valuable.
The Company's success will depend in part on its ability to obtain and enforce
patent protection for its products, preserve its trade secrets, and operate
without infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties, both in the
United States and in other countries. In the absence of patent protection, the
Company's business may be adversely affected by competitors who develop
substantially equivalent technology. Because of the substantial length of time
and expense associated with bringing new products through development and
regulatory approval to the marketplace, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industries place considerable importance on obtaining and maintaining patent and
trade secret protection for new technologies, products and processes. There can
be no assurance that patents will be issued from such applications, that the
Company will develop additional products that are patentable, or that present or
future patents will provide sufficient protection to the Company's present or
future technologies, products and processes. In addition, there can be no
assurance that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent
proprietary information, design around the Company's patents or obtain access to
the Company's know-how, or that others will not successfully challenge the
validity of the Company's patents or be issued patents which may prevent the
sale of one or more of the Company's product candidates, or require licensing
and the payment of significant fees or royalties by the Company to third parties
in order to enable the Company to conduct its business. Legal standards relating
to the scope of claims and the validity of patents in the fields in which the
Company is pursuing research and development are still evolving, are highly
uncertain and involve complex legal and factual issues. No assurance can be
given as to the degree of protection or competitive advantage any patents issued
to the Company will afford, the validity of any such patents or the Company's
ability to avoid violating or infringing any patents issued to others. Further,
there can be no guarantee that any patents issued to or licensed by the Company
will not be infringed by the products of others. Litigation and other
proceedings involving the defense and prosecution of patent claims can be
expensive and time consuming, even in those instances in which the outcome is
favorable to the Company, and can result in the diversion of resources from the
Company's other activities. An adverse outcome could subject the Company to
significant liabilities to third parties, require the Company to obtain licenses
from third parties or require the Company to cease any related research and
development activities or sales.
The Company's success is also dependent upon the skills, knowledge and
experience (none of which is patentable) of its scientific and technical
personnel. To help protect its rights, the Company requires all employees,
consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements
which prohibit the disclosure of confidential information to anyone outside the
Company and requires disclosure and assignment to the Company of their ideas,
developments, discoveries and inventions. There can be no assurance, however,
that these agreements will provide adequate protection for the Company's trade
secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any
unauthorized use or disclosure or the lawful development by others of such
information.
The Company's research has been funded in part by SBIR or NIH grants. As a
result of such funding, the United States Government has certain rights in the
inventions developed with the funding. These rights include a non-exclusive,
paid-up, worldwide license under such inventions for any governmental purpose.
In addition, the government has the right to require the Company to grant an
exclusive license under any of such inventions to a third party if the
government determines that (i) adequate steps have not been taken to
commercialize such inventions, (ii) such action is necessary to meet public
health or safety needs or (iii) such action is necessary to meet requirements
for public use under federal regulation. Federal law requires that any exclusive
licensor of an invention that was partially funded by federal grants (which is
the case with the subject matter of certain patents issued in the Company's
name) agree that it will not grant exclusive rights to use or sell the invention
in the United States unless the grantee agrees that any products embodying
9
<PAGE>
the invention will be manufactured substantially in the United States, although
such requirement is subject to a discretionary waiver by the government. It is
not expected that the government will exercise any such rights.
Marketing, Distribution and Sales
The Company lacks experience in marketing, distributing or selling
pharmaceutical products and will have to develop a pharmaceutical sales force
and/or rely on collaborators, licensees or on arrangements with others to
provide for the marketing, distribution and sales of any products it may
develop. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to establish
marketing, distribution and sales capabilities or make arrangements with
collaborators, licensees or others to perform such activities.
Competition
The pharmaceutical industry is intensely competitive. Many companies, including
biotechnology, chemical and pharmaceutical companies, are actively engaged in
activities similar to those of the Company, including research and development
of drugs for the treatment of immunological and infectious diseases and
disorders. Many of these companies have substantially greater financial and
other resources, larger research and development staffs, and more extensive
marketing and manufacturing organizations than the Company. In addition, some of
them have considerable experience in preclinical testing, clinical trials and
other regulatory approval procedures. There are also academic institutions,
governmental agencies and other research organizations which are conducting
research in areas in which the Company is working; they may also market
commercial products, either on their own or through collaborative efforts.
BioCryst expects to encounter significant competition for any of the
pharmaceutical products it plans to develop. Companies that complete clinical
trials, obtain required regulatory approvals and commence commercial sales of
their products before their competitors may achieve a significant competitive
advantage. In addition, certain pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms,
including major pharmaceutical companies and specialized structure-based drug
design companies have announced efforts in the field of structure-based drug
design and in the field of PNP inhibitors, and the Company is aware that other
companies or institutions are pursuing development of new drugs and technologies
directly targeted at applications for which the Company is developing its drug
compounds. The Company expects that the technology for structure-based drug
design will attract significant additional competitors over time. In order to
compete successfully, the Company's goal is to develop proprietary positions in
patented drugs for therapeutic markets which have not been satisfactorily
addressed by conventional research strategies and, in the process, extend its
expertise in structure-based drug design.
Government Regulation
BioCryst's research and development activities are, and its future business will
be, subject to significant regulation by numerous governmental authorities in
the United States, primarily, but not exclusively, by the FDA, and other
countries. Pharmaceutical products intended for therapeutic or diagnostic use in
humans are governed principally by the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and
by FDA regulations in the United States and by comparable laws and regulations
in foreign countries. The process of completing clinical testing and obtaining
FDA approval for a new drug product requires a number of years and the
expenditure of substantial resources.
Following drug discovery, the steps required before a new pharmaceutical product
may be marketed in the United States include (1) preclinical laboratory and
animal tests, (2) the submission to the FDA of an application for an IND, (3)
clinical and other studies to assess safety and parameters of use, (4) adequate
and well-controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of
the drug, (5) the submission of a New Drug Application ("NDA") to the FDA, and
(6) FDA approval of the NDA prior to any commercial sale or shipment of the
drug.
Typically, preclinical studies are conducted in the laboratory and in animal
model systems to gain preliminary information on the drug's pharmacology and
toxicology and to identify any potential safety problems that would preclude
testing in humans. The results of these studies are submitted to the FDA as part
of the IND application. Testing in humans may commence 30 days after submission
of the IND to the FDA unless the FDA objects, although companies typically wait
for approval from the FDA before commencing clinical trials. A three phase
clinical trial program is usually required for FDA approval of a pharmaceutical
product. Phase I clinical trials are designed to
10
<PAGE>
determine the metabolism and pharmacologic effects of the drug in humans, the
side effects associated with increasing doses, and, possibly, to obtain early
indications of efficacy. These studies generally involve a small number of
healthy volunteer subjects, but may be conducted in people with the disease the
drug is intended to treat. Phase II studies are conducted in an expanded
population to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug for a particular indication
and thus involve patients with the disease under study. These studies are also
intended to elicit additional safety data on the drug, including evidence of the
short-term side effects and other risks associated with the drug. Phase III
studies are generally designed to provide the substantial evidence of safety and
effectiveness of a drug required to obtain FDA approval. They often involve a
substantial number of patients in multiple study centers and may include chronic
administration of the drug in order to assess the overall benefit-risk
relationship of the drug. A clinical trial may combine the elements of more than
one phase, and typically two or more Phase III studies are required. Upon
completion of clinical testing which demonstrates that the product is safe and
effective for a specific indication, an NDA may be submitted to the FDA. This
application includes details of the manufacturing and testing processes,
preclinical studies and clinical trials. The designation of a clinical trial as
being of a particular phase is not necessarily indicative that such a trial will
be sufficient to satisfy the requirements of a particular phase. For example, no
assurance can be given that a Phase III clinical trial will be sufficient to
support an NDA without further clinical trials. The FDA monitors the progress of
each of the three phases of clinical testing and may alter, suspend or terminate
the trials based on the data that have been accumulated to that point and its
assessment of the risk/benefit ratio to the patient. Typical estimates of the
total time required for completing such clinical testing vary between four and
ten years. FDA approval of the NDA is required before the applicant may market
the new product in the United States. The clinical testing and FDA review
process for new drugs are likely to require substantial time, effort and
expense. There can be no assurance that any approval will be granted to the
Company on a timely basis, if at all. The FDA may refuse to approve an NDA if
applicable statutory and/or regulatory criteria are not satisfied, or may
require additional testing or information. There can be no assurance that such
additional testing or the provision of such information, if required, will not
have a material adverse effect on the Company. The regulatory process can be
modified by Congress or the FDA in specific situations.
In 1988, the FDA issued regulations intended to expedite the development,
evaluation, and marketing of new therapeutic products to treat life-threatening
and severely debilitating illnesses for which no satisfactory alternative
therapies exist. These regulations provide for early consultation between the
sponsor and the FDA in the design of both preclinical studies and clinical
trials. Phase I clinical trials may sometimes be carried out in people with the
disease that the drug is intended to treat rather than in healthy volunteers, as
is customary, followed by studies to establish effectiveness in Phase II. If the
results of Phase I and Phase II trials support the safety and effectiveness of
the therapeutic agent, and their design and execution are deemed satisfactory
upon review by the FDA, marketing approval can be sought at the end of Phase II
trials. NDA approval granted under these regulations may be restricted by the
FDA as necessary to ensure safe use of the drug. In addition, post-marketing
clinical studies may be required. If after approval a post-marketing clinical
study establishes that the drug does not perform as expected, or if
post-marketing restrictions are not adhered to or are not adequate to ensure
safe use of the drug, FDA approval may be withdrawn. The expedited approval may
shorten the traditional drug development process by an estimated two to three
years. There can be no assurance, however, that any compound the Company may
develop will be eligible for evaluation by the FDA under the 1988 regulations
or, if eligible, will be approved for marketing at all or, if approved for
marketing, will be approved for marketing sooner than would be traditionally
expected.
Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs
intended to treat a "rare disease or condition," which generally is a disease or
condition that affects populations of fewer than 200,000 individuals in the
United States. Orphan drug designation must be requested before submitting an
NDA. After the FDA grants orphan drug designation, the generic identity of the
therapeutic agent and its potential orphan use are publicized by the FDA. Under
current law, orphan drug designation grants certain U.S. marketing exclusivity
to the first company to receive FDA approval to market such designated drug,
subject to certain limitations. A product that is considered by the FDA to be
different from a particular orphan drug or is approved for different indications
is not barred from sale in the United States during the seven year exclusivity
period. Orphan drug designation does not convey any advantage in, or shorten the
duration of, the regulatory approval process. In October 1993, the Company
obtained from the FDA an orphan drug designation for BCX-34 to treat CTCL, and
may request orphan drug designation for more of its products and/or additional
indications as part of its overall regulatory strategy in the future. There is
no assurance, however, that any of its products will receive an orphan drug
designation or be the first to be approved by the FDA for the designated
indication and, hence, obtain orphan drug marketing exclusivity. Although
obtaining FDA approval to market a product with an orphan drug designation can
be advantageous, there can be no assurance that the scope of protection or the
level of marketing exclusivity that is currently afforded by orphan drug
designation and marketing approval will remain in
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<PAGE>
effect in the future. There can be no assurance that the Company will receive
FDA approval to market BCX-34 to treat CTCL. In addition, it is possible that
other competitors of the Company could obtain orphan drug designation for
product candidates that are not the same as BCX-34 though they are intended for
use to treat CTCL.
Even after initial FDA approval has been obtained, further studies may be
required to provide additional data on safety or to gain approval for the use of
a product as a treatment in clinical indications other than those for which the
product was initially tested. The FDA may also require post-marketing testing
and surveillance programs to monitor the drug's effects. Side effects resulting
from the use of pharmaceutical products may prevent or limit the further
marketing of products.
Once the sale of a product is approved, the FDA regulates production, marketing,
and other activities under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the
FDA's implementing regulations. A post-marketing testing, surveillance and
reporting program may be required to continuously monitor the product's usage
and effects. Product approvals may be withdrawn, or other actions may be
ordered, or sanctions imposed if compliance with regulatory requirements is not
maintained. Other countries in which any products developed by the Company or
its licensees may be marketed impose a similar regulatory process.
In June 1995, the Company notified the FDA that it had submitted incorrect
efficacy data to the FDA pertaining to its Phase II dose-ranging studies of
BCX-34 for CTCL and psoriasis. Upon learning of the error, the Company initiated
internal and external audits and submitted corrected analyses to the FDA. In
addition, the Company hired a new Vice President of Clinical Development and
outside expert personnel to manage clinical development and monitor studies,
developed additional standard operating procedures, and contracted with a
contract research organization to assist the Company in monitoring its trial for
BCX-34 for CTCL.
In November 1995, the FDA inspected the Company in relation to a February 1995
48-hour skin stripping study involving application of BCX-34. At the conclusion
of the inspection, the FDA issued to the Company a List of Inspectional
Observations ("Form FDA 483") including the observation that there was no
documentation of any monitoring of the study or of several other studies. The
Company responded to this and the other observation in the Form FDA 483.
Although the FDA has not raised any additional questions in the matter, the
Company does not know whether its responses were satisfactory to the FDA.
In June 1996, the FDA inspected the Company and one of its clinical sites in
relation to Phase II dose-ranging studies of BCX-34 for CTCL and psoriasis, each
of which was concluded in early 1995. At the conclusion of the inspection, the
FDA issued to the Company a Form FDA 483 citing deficiencies relating to the
monitoring of the studies and the Company's procedures for generating,
archiving, and safeguarding the randomization tables used in the studies. The
deficient procedures failed to prevent the use of an incorrect randomization
table which ultimately resulted in the initial submission to the FDA of data
which reported false statistical significance. The FDA issued a Form FDA 483 to
the principal investigator at one of the Company's clinical sites, citing
numerous significant deficiencies in the conduct of the Phase II dose-ranging
study of BCX-34 for CTCL and psoriasis. These deficiencies included improper
delegations of authority by the principal investigator, failures to follow the
protocols, institutional review board deviations, and discrepancies or
deficiencies in documentation and reporting. As a result of the FDA inspections,
the Company has been notified that the FDA will not accept data from these
studies at that clinical site. As a consequence of the FDA inspections and such
resulting Form FDA 483s, the Company's ongoing clinical studies are likely to
receive increased scrutiny from the FDA.
The Company believes that its procedures and monitoring practices are now in
compliance with the FDA's requirements governing Good Clinical Practice ("GCP").
There can be no assurance, however, that the FDA will agree or that, even if it
does agree, it will not seek to impose administrative, civil, or other sanctions
in connection with the earlier studies and submission.
In addition to regulations enforced by the FDA, the Company also is subject to
regulation under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Environmental
Protection Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act and other similar Federal, state and local regulations governing
permissible laboratory activities, waste disposal handling of toxic, dangerous
or radioactive materials and other matters. The Company believes that it is in
compliance with such regulations.
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For marketing outside the United States, the Company will be subject to foreign
regulatory requirements governing human clinical trials and marketing approval
for drugs and devices. The requirements relating to the conduct of clinical
trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary widely from country to
country.
Human Resources
As of March 15, 1999, the Company had 56 employees, of whom 42 were engaged in
research and development and 14 were in general and administrative functions.
The Company's scientific staff (18 of whom hold Ph.D. or M.D. degrees) has
diversified experience in biochemistry, pharmacology, X-ray crystallography,
synthetic organic chemistry, computational chemistry, medicinal chemistry and
pharmacology. The Company considers its relations with its employees to be
satisfactory.
Scientific Advisory Board and Consultants
BioCryst has assembled a Scientific Advisory Board comprised of five members
(the "Scientific Advisors") who are leaders in certain of the Company's core
disciplines or who otherwise have specific expertise in its therapeutic focus
areas. The Scientific Advisory Board meets as a group at scheduled meetings and
the Scientific Advisors meet more frequently, on an individual basis, with the
Company's scientific personnel and management to discuss the Company's ongoing
research and drug discovery and development projects. The Company also has
consulting agreements with a number of other scientists (the "Consultants") with
expertise in the Company's core disciplines or in its therapeutic focus areas
who are consulted from time to time by the Company.
The Scientific Advisors and the Consultants are reimbursed for their expenses
and receive nominal cash compensation in connection with their service and have
been issued options and/or shares of Common Stock. The Scientific Advisors have
been issued a total of 4,975 shares of Common Stock for nominal consideration
and granted stock options to purchase a total of 77,000 shares of Common Stock
at a weighted average exercise price of $7.08 per share. Consultants have also
been granted stock options to purchase a total of 65,000 shares at a weighted
average exercise price of $6.98 per share. The Scientific Advisors and the
Consultants are all employed by or have consulting agreements with entities
other than the Company, some of which may compete with the Company in the
future. The Scientific Advisors and the Consultants are expected to devote only
a small portion of their time to the business of the Company, although no
specific time commitment has been established. They are not expected to
participate actively in the Company's affairs or in the development of the
Company's technology. Certain of the institutions with which the Scientific
Advisors and the Consultants are affiliated may adopt new regulations or
policies that limit the ability of the Scientific Advisors and the Consultants
to consult with the Company. The loss of the services of certain of the
Scientific Advisors and the Consultants could adversely affect the Company to
the extent that the Company is pursuing research or development in areas of such
Scientific Advisors' and Consultants' expertise. To the extent members of the
Company's Scientific Advisory Board or the Consultants have consulting
arrangements with or become employed by any competitor of the Company, the
Company could be materially adversely affected. One member of the Scientific
Advisory Board, Dr. Gordon N. Gill, is a member of the Board of Directors of the
Agouron Institute. The Agouron Institute is a shareholder in, and has had
contractual relationships with, Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a company
utilizing core technology which is similar to the core technology employed by
BioCryst.
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The Scientific Advisory Board consists of the following individuals:
Name Position
- ---- --------
Albert F. LoBuglio, M.D.
(Chairman) ........................ Professor of Medicine and the Director of
the Comprehensive Cancer Center of UAB
Gordon N. Gill, M.D. .............. Professor of Medicine and Chair of the
Faculty of Basic Biomedical Sciences at
the University of California, San Diego
School of Medicine
Herbert A. Hauptman, Ph.D. ........ Research Professor in Biophysical Science
at the State University of New York
(Buffalo), the President of the
Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research
Institute, Inc. (formerly the Medical
Foundation (Buffalo), Inc.), and Research
Professor in Biophysical Sciences at the
State University of New York (Buffalo),
recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
(1985)
Yuichi Iwaki, M.D., Ph.D. ......... Professor of Urology and Pathology,
University of Southern California School
of Medicine
Hamilton O. Smith, M.D. ........... Professor, Molecular Biology and Genetics
Department at The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, retired, Director of
DNA Resources at Celera Genomics
Corporation, Investigator at The Institute
for Genomic Research, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Medicine (1978)
Any inventions or processes independently discovered by the Scientific Advisors
or the Consultants may not become the property of the Company and will probably
remain the property of such persons or of such persons' employers. In addition,
the institutions with which the Scientific Advisors and the Consultants are
affiliated may make available the research services of their personnel,
including the Scientific Advisors and the Consultants, to competitors of the
Company pursuant to sponsored research agreements. The Company requires the
Scientific Advisors and the Consultants to enter into confidentiality agreements
which prohibit the disclosure of confidential information to anyone outside the
Company and require disclosure and assignment to the Company of their ideas,
developments, discoveries or inventions. However, no assurance can be given that
competitors of the Company will not gain access to trade secrets and other
proprietary information developed by the Company and disclosed to the Scientific
Advisors and the Consultants.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company's administrative offices and principal research facility are located
in 41,250 square feet of leased office space in Riverchase Industrial/Research
Park in Birmingham, Alabama. The lease runs through June 30, 2003 with an option
to lease for an additional three years at current market rates. The Company
believes that its facilities are adequate for its current operations. Additional
facilities will be necessary to manufacture sufficient quantities under good
manufacturing practices to conduct extensive clinical trials or if the Company
undertakes commercial manufacturing. See Note 5 to the Financial Statements.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The Company's common stock trades on the Nasdaq National Market tier of The
Nasdaq Stock MarketSM under the symbol BCRX. The following table sets forth the
low and high prices as reported by Nasdaq for each quarter in 1998 and 1997:
1998 1997
---- ----
Low High Low High
--- ---- --- ----
First quarter $6.88 $9.50 $11.50 $17.00
Second quarter 6.00 9.13 10.06 14.75
Third quarter 6.00 8.00 4.25 13.75
Fourth quarter 4.38 8.44 6.25 8.38
The last sale price of the common stock on February 26, 1999 as reported by
Nasdaq was $9.00 per share.
As of February 26, 1999, there were approximately 520 holders of record of the
common stock.
The Company has never paid cash dividends and does not anticipate paying cash
dividends.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except per share)
--------------------------------
Statement of Operations Data: 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Total revenues $ 7,626 $ 2,693 $ 2,652 $ 885 $ 734
Research and development expenses $ 9,291 $ 10,577 $ 7,586 $ 7,107 $ 5,552
Net loss $ (4,785) $(10,619) $ (7,698) $ (8,576) $ (6,938)
Net loss per share $ (.34) $ (.77) $ (.69) $ (.96) $ (1.02)
Weighted average shares outstanding 14,120 13,780 11,171 8,905 6,787
<CAPTION>
December 31,
(In thousands)
--------------
Balance Sheet Data: 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Cash, cash equivalents and securities $ 27,012 $ 24,643 $ 35,785 $ 11,414 $ 10,873
Total assets 29,100 26,485 37,149 13,056 12,803
Long-term debt and obligations under
capital leases, excluding current portion 22 34 58 300 573
Accumulated deficit (53,170) (48,384) (37,766) (30,067) (21,491)
Total stockholders' equity 27,682 25,285 35,403 11,326 11,176
</TABLE>
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Annual Report contains certain statements of a forward-looking nature
relating to future events or the future financial performance of the Company.
Such statements are only predictions and the actual events or results may differ
materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors
that could cause or contribute to such differences include those discussed below
as well as those discussed in other filings made by the Company with the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
Overview
Since its inception in 1986, the Company has been engaged in research and
development activities (including drug discovery, manufacturing compounds,
conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials) and organizational efforts
(including recruiting its scientific and management personnel), establishing
laboratory facilities, engaging its Scientific Advisory Board and raising
capital. The Company has not received any revenue from the sale of
pharmaceutical products and does not expect to receive such revenues to a
significant extent for at least several years, if at all. The Company has
incurred operating losses since its inception. The Company expects to incur
significant additional operating losses over the next several years and expects
such losses to increase as the Company's research, development and clinical
trial efforts expand.
Year Ended December 31, 1998 Compared with the Year Ended December 31, 1997
Collaborative and other research and development revenue increased 537.1% to
$6,371,095 in 1998 from $1,000,000 in 1997, primarily due to the $6.0 million in
up front fees received from PRI and Ortho-McNeil in 1998 for a license agreement
for the Company's influenza neuraminidase inhibitors compared to the $1.0
million milestone payment received from Torii in 1997. Interest and other income
decreased 25.9% to $1,254,881 in 1998 from $1,692,521 in 1997, primarily due to
a decline in the weighted average investment for 1998.
Research and development expenses decreased 12.2% to $9,291,146 in 1998 from
$10,577,369 in 1997. Such expenses vary from period to period based on the
status of the Company's projects. The Company completed two Phase III clinical
trials in 1997. In 1998, the Company commenced two Phase I clinical trials for
its serine protease inhibitor, continued its two Phase I/II clinical trials for
an oral formulation of its PNP inhibitor and initiated preclinical studies for
its influenza neuraminidase and serine protease inhibitors. Overall, the decline
in costs associated with the Company's PNP inhibitor project were partially
offset by the increases in the Company's serine protease and influenza
neuraminidase projects. As a result, there was a slight decrease in 1998 in the
outside research and development efforts associated with the Company's three
primary research and development projects. The Company reduced some of its other
discretionary costs, which was offset by one-time costs associated with signing
a license agreement for the Company's influenza neuraminidase inhibitors and
certain related agreements in September 1998.
General and administrative expenses increased 15.8% to $3,104,925 in 1998 from
$2,682,137 in 1997. The increase was primarily due to the fees and expenses
incurred in connection with the license agreement (and related agreements) for
the Company's influenza neuraminidase inhibitors signed in September 1998.
Interest expense decreased 71.1% to $14,986 in 1998 from $51,880 in 1997. The
decrease was primarily due to a decline in capitalized lease obligations
resulting in lesser interest expense. The Company obtained most of its leases in
connection with the move to its facilities in April 1992.
Year Ended December 31, 1997 Compared with the Year Ended December 31, 1996
Collaborative and other research and development revenue decreased 35.8% to
$1,000,000 in 1997 from $1,558,543 in 1996, primarily due to a $1.0 million
milestone payment received from Torii in 1997 compared to the $1.5 million
license fee received from Torii and a Factor D grant in 1996. Interest and other
income increased 54.8% to $1,692,521 in 1997 from $1,093,617 in 1996, primarily
due to interest earned on funds invested from the Company's public offering in
September 1996.
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Research and development expenses increased 39.4% to $10,577,369 in 1997 from
$7,586,159 in 1996. The increase was primarily attributable to costs associated
with manufacturing compounds, clinical trials and preclinical studies and
expenses associated with increased personnel. These costs tend to fluctuate from
period to period depending upon the stage of development and the conduct of
clinical trials.
General and administrative expenses increased .7% to $2,682,137 in 1997 from
$2,664,197 in 1996. The increase was in several categories, primarily increased
personnel costs and the fact that 1996 expenses were reduced by the reversal of
a liability recorded in 1995 for use taxes assessed that the Company
successfully contested in 1996, and was partially offset by decreased fees and
taxes on the Torii milestone in 1997 versus the fees and taxes on the Torii
license in 1996 and decreased legal expenses in 1997.
Interest expense decreased 48.1% to $51,880 in 1997 from $100,031 in 1996. The
decrease was primarily due to a decline in capitalized lease obligations, along
with long-term debt, resulting in lesser interest expense. The Company obtained
most of its leases in connection with the move to its facilities in April 1992.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash expenditures have exceeded revenues since the Company's inception.
Operations have principally been funded through public offerings and private
placements of equity and debt securities, equipment lease financing, facility
leases, collaborative and other research and development agreements (including
licenses and options for licenses), research grants and interest income. In
addition, the Company has attempted to contain costs and reduce cash flow
requirements by renting scientific equipment or facilities, contracting with
third parties to conduct certain research and development and using consultants.
The Company expects to incur additional expenses, resulting in significant
losses, as it continues and expands its research and development activities and
undertakes additional preclinical studies and clinical trials of compounds which
have been or may be discovered. The Company also expects to incur substantial
administrative, manufacturing and commercialization expenditures in the future
as it seeks Food and Drug Administration (the "FDA") approval for its compounds
and establishes its manufacturing capability under Good Manufacturing Practices,
and substantial expenses related to the filing, prosecution, maintenance,
defense and enforcement of patent and other intellectual property claims.
At December 31, 1998, the Company's cash, cash equivalents and securities
held-to-maturity were $27,012,093, an increase of $2,368,607 from December 31,
1997 principally due to the $6.0 million equity investment in the Company in
connection with the influenza neuraminidase license offsetting the cash used in
operations.
The Company has financed its equipment purchases primarily with lease lines of
credit. The Company currently has a $500,000 line of credit with its bank to
finance capital equipment. In January 1992, the Company entered into an
operating lease for its current facilities which, based on an extension signed
in June 1998, expires on June 30, 2003, with an option to lease for an
additional three years at current market rates. The operating lease requires the
Company to pay monthly rent (ranging from $21,405 and escalating annually to a
minimum of $24,814 per month in the final year), and a pro rata share of
operating expenses and real estate taxes in excess of base year amounts.
At December 31, 1998, the Company had long-term capital lease and operating
lease obligations which provide for aggregate minimum payments of $280,254 in
1999, $288,128 in 2000 and $285,816 in 2001.
Pursuant to the license agreement for the Company's influenza neuraminidase
inhibitors, Ortho-McNeil and PRI paid the Company an initial $6.0 million for
reimbursement of research and development expenses and in license fees and JJDC,
pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, made a $6.0 million equity investment
in the Company. While the License Agreement provides for potential milestone
payments of up to an additional $43.0 million and royalties on future sales of
licensed products, there can be no assurance that PRI will continue to develop
the product or, that if it does so, that it will result in meeting the
milestones or achieving future sales of licensed products. The Company also
entered into an exclusive license agreement with Torii under which Torii paid
the Company $1.5 million in initial license fees and made a $1.5 million equity
investment in the Company in 1996. The first milestone payment of $1.0 million
was received in 1997. While the Torii license agreement provides for potential
milestone payments of up to an
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additional $18.0 million and royalties on future sales of licensed products in
Japan, there can be no assurance that Torii will continue to develop the product
in Japan or, that if it does so, that it will result in meeting the milestones
or achieving future sales of licensed products in Japan.
The Company plans to finance its needs principally from its existing capital
resources and interest thereon, from payments under collaborative and licensing
agreements with corporate partners, through research grants, and to the extent
available, through lease or loan financing and future public or private
financings. The Company believes that its available funds will be sufficient to
fund the Company's operations at least through the end of 2000. However, this is
a forward-looking statement, and no assurance can be given that there will be no
change that would consume available resources significantly before such time.
The Company's long-term capital requirements and the adequacy of its available
funds will depend upon many factors, including results of research and
development, results of preclinical studies and clinical trials, relationships
with strategic partners, changes in the focus and direction of the Company's
research and development programs, competitive and technological advances,
changes in existing collaborative, licensing, research or development
relationships, the ability of the Company to establish additional collaborative
relationships and the FDA regulatory process. Additional funding, whether
through additional sales of securities or collaborative or other arrangements
with corporate partners or from other sources, may not be available when needed
or on terms acceptable to the Company. The issuance of preferred or Common Stock
or convertible securities, on terms and prices significantly more favorable than
those of the currently outstanding Common Stock, could have the effect of
diluting or adversely affecting the holdings or rights of existing stockholders
of the Company. In addition, collaborative arrangements may require the Company
to transfer certain material rights to such corporate partners. Insufficient
funds may require the Company to delay, scale-back or eliminate certain of its
research and development programs or to license third parties to commercialize
products or technologies that the Company would otherwise undertake itself.
Risks Associated with the Year 2000
The year 2000 issue ("Year 2000 Issue") is the result of computer programs being
written using two digits rather than four digits to represent the year and
affects both information technology (IT) and non-IT systems. Thus, computer
software may recognize a date using "00" as the year 1900 rather than the year
2000. This could result in system failures or miscalculations causing
disruptions of operations, including among others, a temporary inability to
process certain data or engage in similar normal business activities.
Plan and Status. The Company's plan to resolve the Year 2000 Issue involves four
phases: assessment, remediation, testing and implementation. The Company has
completed its assessment of its IT systems. In 1997, the Company installed a
computer network, upgraded its MacIntosh computers to IBM compatible personal
computers and upgraded its IT software to a common standard. As a consequence,
most of its IT systems are identified by the manufacturer as Year 2000
compliant. The Company is completing its assessment of non-IT systems, most of
which is equipment used in the laboratories. Major vendors and suppliers are
also being contacted with regard to their Year 2000 compliance and the Company
will continue to monitor their compliance. The Company anticipates completing
its assessment by the end of the first quarter of 1999. Systems identified as
not being Year 2000 compliant will be brought into compliance by upgrading
either the software or hardware. The Company expects to begin remediation and
testing by the second quarter of 1999 and to be fully implemented by the end of
the third quarter of 1999.
While the Company has queried its significant suppliers, vendors and other
outside parties and will continue to monitor their Year 2000 compliance status,
the Company has no means of ensuring that suppliers, vendors and other outside
parties will be Year 2000 ready. The inability of suppliers, vendors and other
outside parties (including the government) to complete their Year 2000
resolution process in a timely fashion could materially impact the Company. The
effect of non-compliance by suppliers, vendors and outside parties is not
determinable.
Costs. The costs incurred to date for Year 2000 compliance have not been
material (less than $50,000) and are not expected to be material when completed
(less than $100,000). The Company anticipates that it will be able to fund its
costs from current funds available for operations. If, however, the costs are
higher than anticipated, this could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks. While management of the Company believes it has an effective program in
place to resolve the Year 2000 Issue
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in a timely manner, as noted above, the Company has not completed all necessary
phases of the Year 2000 program for compliance. In the event that the Company or
third parties do not complete any additional phases, the Company may not be able
to complete the testing of its compounds and advancing its projects into human
clinical trials in support of an NDA filing. In addition, disruptions in the
economy generally resulting from Year 2000 Issues could also materially
adversely effect the Company. The Company is unable to estimate if it has any
potential liability or potential lost revenue at this time. There can be no
assurance that the Company will not discover Year 2000 compliance issues that
will have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of
operations and financial condition.
Contingency. The Company has contingency plans for certain critical applications
and is working on such plans for others. These contingency plans involve, among
other actions, manual workarounds, increasing inventories and adjusting staffing
strategies. There can be no assurance that these contingency plans will be
adequate.
Certain Factors That May Affect Future Results, Financial Condition and the
Market Price of Securities
Early Stage of Development; Uncertainty of Product Development; Technological
Uncertainty
BioCryst is at an early stage of development. All of the Company's compounds are
in research and development, and no revenues have been generated from sales of
its compounds. It will be a number of years, if ever, before the Company will
recognize significant revenues from product sales or royalties. To date, most of
the Company's resources have been dedicated to the research and development of
pharmaceutical compounds based upon its purine nucleoside phosphorylase ("PNP")
program for the treatment of T-cell proliferative diseases and disorders and for
the development of inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase and enzymes and
proteins involved in the complement cascade. The Company and PRI have conducted
preclinical studies with its influenza neuraminidase inhibitor and the Company
is conducting clinical studies with its lead drugs, BCX-34 and BCX-1470, and
results from these studies may not support future human clinical testing or
further development of the compounds. Phase III trials completed in 1997 with a
cream formulation of BCX-34 for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma ("CTCL")
and psoriasis and a Phase I/II trial completed in 1998 for a topical ointment
treatment for psoriasis did not show statistical efficacy. Accordingly, the
Company has discontinued further development of these topical formulations of
BCX-34, but is continuing its oral trials for BCX-34. T-cell proliferative
diseases, as well as the other disease indications the Company is studying, are
highly complex and their causes are not fully known. The Company's compounds
under development will require significant additional, time-consuming and costly
research and development, preclinical testing and extensive clinical testing
prior to submission of any regulatory application for commercial use. Product
development of new pharmaceuticals is highly uncertain, and unanticipated
developments, clinical or regulatory delays, unexpected adverse side effects or
inadequate therapeutic efficacy could slow or prevent product development
efforts and have a material adverse effect on the Company. One of BioCryst's
lead drugs, BCX-34, reversibly inhibits T-cell activity, an essential component
of the human immune system. In addition to any direct toxicities or side effects
the drug may cause, BCX-34, while inhibiting T-cells, may compromise the immune
system's ability to fight infection. Although the Company will monitor
immunosuppression during drug dosing, there can be no assurance that the drug
will not cause irreversible immunosuppression. There can be no assurance that
the Company's research or product development efforts as to any particular
compound will be successfully completed, that the compounds currently under
development will be safe or efficacious, that required regulatory approvals can
be obtained, that products can be manufactured at acceptable cost and with
appropriate quality or that any approved products can be successfully marketed
or will be accepted by patients, health care providers and third-party payors.
Few drugs discovered by use of structure-based drug design have been
successfully developed, approved by the FDA or marketed. Within the
pharmaceutical industry, treatment of the disease indications being pursued by
the Company, especially T-cell proliferative diseases such as CTCL and
psoriasis, have proven difficult. There can be no assurance that drugs resulting
from the approach of structure-based drug design employed by the Company will
overcome the difficulties of drug discovery and development or result in
commercially successful products.
Uncertainty Associated with Preclinical and Clinical Testing
Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any of its
products, BioCryst must undertake extensive preclinical and clinical testing to
demonstrate their safety and efficacy in humans. The Company has limited
experience in conducting clinical trials. To date, the Company has conducted
initial preclinical testing of certain of its
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compounds and is testing an oral formulation of BCX-34 and an intravenous
formulation of BCX-1470 in various clinical trials. The results of initial
preclinical and clinical testing of compounds under development by the Company
are neither necessarily predictive of results that will be obtained from
subsequent or more extensive preclinical and clinical testing nor necessarily
acceptable to the FDA to support applications for marketing permits. However,
the Company completed in 1997 two Phase III trials of a topical cream
formulation and in 1998 a Phase I/II trial of a topical ointment formulation of
BCX-34 which did not show statistical efficacy. Even if the results of
subsequent clinical tests are positive, products, if any, resulting from the
Company's research and development programs are not likely to be commercially
available for several years. Additionally, the Company has made and may in the
future make changes to the formulation of its drugs and/or to the processes for
manufacturing its drugs. Any such future changes in formulation or manufacturing
processes could result in delays in conducting further preclinical and clinical
testing, in unexpected adverse events in further preclinical and clinical
testing, and/or in additional development expenses. Furthermore, there can be no
assurance that clinical studies of products under development will be acceptable
to the FDA or demonstrate the safety and efficacy of such products at all or to
the extent necessary to obtain regulatory approvals of such products. Companies
in the industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials,
even after promising results in earlier trials. The failure to comply with good
clinical practices requirements for data integrity or to adequately demonstrate
the safety and efficacy of a therapeutic product under development could delay
or prevent regulatory approval of the product, and would have a material adverse
effect on the Company.
The rate of completion of clinical trials is dependent upon, among other
factors, the rate of enrollment of patients. Patient accrual is a function of
many factors, including the size of the patient population, the proximity of
patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the study and the
existence of competitive clinical trials. Delays in planned patient enrollment
in the Company's current trials or future clinical trials may result in
increased costs and/or program delays which could have a material adverse effect
on the Company.
Dependence on Collaborative Partners; Relationship with The University of
Alabama at Birmingham ("UAB")
The Company's strategy for research, development and commercialization of
certain of its products is to rely in part upon various arrangements with
corporate partners, licensees and others. As a result, the Company's products
are dependent in large part upon the subsequent success of such third parties in
performing preclinical studies and clinical trials, obtaining regulatory
approvals, manufacturing and marketing. The Company entered into an exclusive
license agreement with Ortho-McNeil and PRI in September 1998 to develop,
manufacture and commercialize its influenza neuraminidase inhibitor compounds
for the flu. The Company also entered into an exclusive license agreement with
Torii in May 1996 to develop, manufacture and commercialize in Japan BCX-34 and
certain other PNP inhibitor compounds for three indications. The Company has
also entered into collaborative arrangements with 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. to share resources and technology to expedite the identification of
inhibitors of key serine protease enzymes and with Novartis to pursue
development of certain types of PNP inhibitors. The Company intends to pursue
additional collaborations in the future. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to negotiate additional acceptable collaborative
arrangements or that such arrangements will be successful. No assurance can be
given that the Company's collaborative partners, particularly Ortho-McNeil and
PRI, will be able to obtain FDA approval for any licensed compounds, that any
such licensed compounds, if so approved, will be able to be commercialized
successfully, or that the Company will realize any revenues pursuant to such
arrangements, including any milestone or royalty payments under the License
Agreement. Although the Company believes that parties to collaborative
arrangements generally have an economic motivation to succeed in performing
their contractual responsibilities, the amount and timing of resources which
they devote to these activities are not within the control of the Company. There
can be no assurance that such parties will perform their obligations as expected
or that current or potential collaborators will not pursue treatments for other
diseases or seek alternative means of developing treatments for the diseases
targeted by collaborative programs with the Company or that any additional
revenues will be derived from such arrangements. If any of the Company's
collaborators breaches or terminates its agreement with the Company or otherwise
fails to conduct its collaborative activities in a timely manner, the
development or commercialization of the product candidate or research program
under such collaboration agreement may be delayed, the Company may be required
to undertake unforeseen additional responsibilities or to devote unforeseen
additional resources to such development or commercialization, or such
development or commercialization could be terminated. The termination or
cancellation of collaborative arrangements, particularly by Ortho-McNeil and
PRI, could also adversely affect the Company's financial condition, intellectual
property position and operations. In addition, disagreements between
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collaborators and the Company have in the past and could in the future lead to
delays in the collaborative research, development or commercialization of
certain product candidates, or could require or result in legal process or
arbitration for resolution. These consequences could be time-consuming,
expensive and could have material adverse effects on the Company.
The successful commercialization of the Company's compounds and product
candidates is also dependent upon the Company's ability to develop collaborative
arrangements with academic institutions and consultants to support research and
development efforts and to conduct clinical trials. The Company's primary
academic collaboration has been with UAB to support its ongoing research and
development programs. In 1998, the Company completed its funding obligations
with UAB for the development of inhibitors for influenza neuraminidase and
Factor D. UAB, however, will continue to share in any revenues derived from
those two projects and the Company intends to continue using certain UAB faculty
members as consultants to the Company. There can be no assurance that the
Company's current arrangements with UAB will continue or that the Company will
be able to develop successful collaborative arrangements with academic
institutions and consultants in the future.
Government Regulation; No Assurance of Product Approval
The research, testing, manufacture, labeling, distribution, advertising,
marketing and sale of drug products are subject to extensive regulation by
governmental authorities in the United States and other countries. Prior to
marketing, compounds developed by the Company must undergo an extensive
regulatory approval process required by the FDA and by comparable agencies in
other countries. This process, which includes preclinical studies and clinical
trials of each compound to establish its safety and effectiveness and
confirmation by the FDA that good laboratory, clinical and manufacturing
practices were maintained during testing and manufacturing, can take many years,
requires the expenditure of substantial resources and gives larger companies
with greater financial resources a competitive advantage over the Company. To
date, no compound or drug candidate being evaluated by the Company has been
submitted for approval to the FDA or any other regulatory authority for
marketing, and there can be no assurance that any such compound or drug
candidate will ever be approved for marketing or that the Company will be able
to obtain the labeling claims desired for its compounds or drug candidates. The
Company is and will continue to be dependent upon the laboratories and medical
institutions conducting its preclinical studies and clinical trials to maintain
both good laboratory and good clinical practices and, except for the formulating
and packaging of small quantities of its drug formulations which the Company is
currently undertaking, upon the manufacturers of its compounds to maintain
compliance with current GMP requirements. Data obtained from preclinical studies
and clinical trials are subject to varying interpretations which could delay,
limit or prevent FDA regulatory approval. Delays or rejections may be
encountered based upon changes in FDA policy for drug approval during the period
of development and FDA regulatory review. Similar delays also may be encountered
in foreign countries. Moreover, even if approval is granted, such approval may
entail commercially unacceptable limitations on the labeling claims for which a
compound may be marketed. Even if such regulatory approval is obtained, a
marketed drug or compound and its manufacturer are subject to continual review
and inspection, and later discovery of previously unknown problems with the
product or manufacturer may result in restrictions or sanctions on such product
or manufacturer, including withdrawal of the product from the market, and other
enforcement actions.
In June 1995 the Company notified the FDA that it had submitted incorrect
efficacy data to the FDA pertaining to its Phase II dose-ranging studies of
BCX-34 for CTCL and psoriasis. The FDA inspected the Company in November 1995 in
relation to a study involving the topical application of BCX-34 concluded in
early 1995, and in June 1996 the FDA inspected the Company and one of its
clinical sites in relation to a Phase II dose-ranging study of BCX-34 for CTCL
and a Phase II dose ranging study for psoriasis, both of which were concluded in
early 1995. After each inspection, the FDA issued to the Company a List of
Inspectional Observations ("Form FDA 483") setting forth certain deficient Good
Clinical Practices procedures followed by the Company, some of which resulted in
submission to the FDA of efficacy data which reported false statistical
significance. The FDA also issued a Form FDA 483 to the principal investigator
at one of the Company's clinical sites citing numerous significant deficiencies
in the conduct of the Phase II dose-ranging studies of BCX-34 for CTCL and
psoriasis. These deficiencies included improper delegations of authority by the
principal investigator, failures to follow the protocols, institutional review
board deviations, and discrepancies or deficiencies in documentation and
reporting. The Company received notice from the FDA in November 1997 that work
in support of products under FDA jurisdiction performed by this investigator
would not be accepted by the FDA
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without validating information. Currently, the Company does not intend to pursue
a topical treatment for BCX-34, which is the clinical study this investigator
pursued for the Company. As a consequence of the FDA inspections and such
resulting Form FDA 483s, the Company's ongoing and future clinical studies may
receive increased scrutiny; this may delay the regulatory review process or
require the Company to increase the number of patients at other sites to obtain
approval (which can not be assured on a timely basis or at all). The Company has
adjusted certain of its procedures, but there can be no assurance that the FDA
will find such adjustments to be in compliance with FDA requirements or that,
even if it does find such adjustments to be in compliance, it will not seek to
impose administrative, civil or other sanctions in connection with the earlier
studies.
Such sanctions or other government regulation may delay or prevent the marketing
of products being developed by the Company, impose costly procedures upon the
Company's activities and confer a competitive advantage to larger companies or
companies that are more experienced in regulatory affairs and that compete with
the Company. There can be no assurance that FDA or other regulatory approval for
any products developed by the Company will be granted on a timely basis, or at
all. Delay in obtaining or failure to obtain such regulatory approvals will
materially adversely affect the marketing of any products which may be developed
by the Company, as well as the Company's results of operations.
History of Operating Losses; Accumulated Deficit; Uncertainty of Future
Profitability
BioCryst, to date, has generated no revenue from product sales and has incurred
losses since its inception. As of December 31, 1998, the Company's accumulated
deficit was approximately $53.2 million. Losses have resulted principally from
costs incurred in research activities aimed at discovering, designing and
developing the Company's pharmaceutical product candidates and from general and
administrative costs. These costs have exceeded the Company's revenues, which to
date have been generated primarily from collaborative arrangements, licenses,
research grants and from interest income. The Company expects to incur
significant additional operating losses over the next several years and expects
such losses to increase as the Company's research and development and clinical
trial efforts continue. The Company's ability to achieve profitability depends
in part upon its ability to develop drugs and to obtain regulatory approval for
its products that may be developed, to enter into agreements with collaborative
partners for product development, manufacturing and commercialization, and to
develop the capacity to manufacture, market and sell its products. There can be
no assurance that the Company will ever achieve significant revenues or
profitable operations.
Additional Financing Requirements; Uncertainty of Additional Funding
The Company has incurred negative cash flows from operations in each year since
its inception. The Company expects that the funding requirements for its
operating activities will increase substantially in the future due to continued
research and development activities (including preclinical studies and clinical
trials), the development of manufacturing capabilities and the development of
marketing and distribution capabilities. The Company anticipates that its
capital resources are adequate to satisfy its capital requirements for
approximately the next 24 months at the current level of operations. However,
this is a forward-looking statement, and no assurance can be given that there
will be no change that would consume available resources significantly before
such time. The Company's future capital requirements will depend on many
factors, including continued scientific progress in its research, drug discovery
and development programs, the magnitude of these programs, progress with
preclinical studies and clinical trials, prosecuting and enforcing patent
claims, competing technological and market developments, changes in existing
collaborative research or development relationships, the ability of the Company
to establish additional collaborative relationships, and the cost of
manufacturing scale-up and effective marketing activities and arrangements. The
Company anticipates, based on its current business plan, that it will be
necessary to raise additional funds in 2000 or earlier. Additional funds, if
any, may possibly be raised through financing arrangements or collaborative
relationships and/or the issuance of preferred or common stock or convertible
securities, on terms and prices significantly more favorable than those of the
currently outstanding Common Stock, which could have the effect of diluting or
adversely affecting the holdings or rights of existing stockholders of the
Company. In addition, collaborative arrangements may require the Company to
transfer certain material rights to such corporate partners. If adequate funds
are not available, the Company will be required to delay, scale back or
eliminate one or more of its research, drug discovery or development programs or
attempt to obtain funds through arrangements with collaborative partners or
others that may require the Company to relinquish some or
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all of its rights to certain of its intellectual property, product candidates or
products. No assurance can be given that additional financing will be available
to the Company on acceptable terms, if at all.
Competition
The Company is engaged in the pharmaceutical industry, which is characterized by
extensive research efforts, rapid technological progress and intense
competition. There are many public and private companies, including well-known
pharmaceutical companies, chemical companies, specialized biotechnology
companies and academic institutions, engaged in developing synthetic
pharmaceuticals and biotechnological products for human therapeutic applications
that represent significant competition to the Company. Existing products and
therapies and improvements thereto will compete directly with products the
Company is seeking to develop and market, and the Company is aware that other
companies or institutions are pursuing development of new drugs and technologies
directly targeted at applications for which the Company is developing its drug
compounds. Many of the Company's competitors have substantially greater
financial and technical resources and production and marketing capabilities and
experience than does the Company. The Company has granted Novartis Corporation,
formerly Ciba-Geigy Corporation, ("Novartis"), a worldwide exclusive license to
several compounds in the Company's sixth group of PNP inhibitors. Such
arrangement with Novartis does not include BCX-34 or most of the Company's other
compounds. No assurance can be given that Novartis will or will not develop
compounds under such arrangements, will be able to obtain FDA approval for any
licensed compounds, that any such licensed compounds if so approved will be able
to be commercialized successfully, or that the Company will realize any revenues
pursuant to such arrangements. If commercialized, these compounds could compete
directly against other compounds, including BCX-34, being developed by the
Company.
Many of the Company's competitors have significantly greater experience in
conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials of new pharmaceutical
compounds and in obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvals for health care
products. Accordingly, BioCryst's competitors may succeed in obtaining approvals
for their drug candidates more rapidly than the Company and in developing
products that are safer or more effective or less costly than any that may be
developed by the Company and may also be more successful than the Company in the
production and marketing of such products. Many of the Company's competitors
also have current GMP facilities and significantly greater experience in
implementing GMP or in obtaining and maintaining the requisite regulatory
standards for manufacturing. Moreover, other technologies are, or may in the
future become, the basis for competitive products. Competition may increase
further as a result of the potential advances from structure-based drug design
and greater availability of capital for investment in this field. There can be
no assurance that the Company's competitors will not succeed in developing
technologies and products that are more effective than any being developed by
the Company or that would render the Company's technology and product candidates
obsolete or noncompetitive.
Uncertainty of Protection of Patents and Proprietary Rights
The Company's success will depend in part on its ability to obtain and enforce
patent protection for its products, preserve its trade secrets, and operate
without infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties, both in the
United States and in other countries. In the absence of patent protection, the
Company's business may be adversely affected by competitors who develop
substantially equivalent technology. Because of the substantial length of time
and expense associated with bringing new products through development and
regulatory approval to the marketplace, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industries place considerable importance on obtaining and maintaining patent and
trade secret protection for new technologies, products and processes. To date,
the Company has been issued seven United States patents related to its PNP
inhibitor compounds. One of these compounds is under a patent issued to
Warner-Lambert and the Company may require a license from Warner-Lambert to
market a product containing this compound. The Company has the right of first
refusal to negotiate a license from Warner-Lambert for that compound, however,
there can be no assurance that such a license would be available or obtainable
on terms acceptable to the Company. A patent has also been issued to BioCryst by
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office ("PTO") on a new process to prepare BCX-34
and other PNP inhibitors and an additional patent application has been filed for
another new process to prepare BCX-34 and other PNP inhibitors. In addition, two
patent applications and two provisional patents have been filed with the PTO
relating to inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase. Also, two provisional United
States patent applications have been filed with the PTO on complement
inhibitors. The Company has filed certain corresponding foreign patent
applications and intends to file additional foreign patent applications and
additional
23
<PAGE>
United States patent applications, as appropriate. There can be no assurance
that patents will be issued from such applications, that the Company will
develop additional products that are patentable or that present or future
patents will provide sufficient protection to the Company's present or future
technologies, products and processes. In addition, there can be no assurance
that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary
information, design around the Company's patents or obtain access to the
Company's know-how or that others will not successfully challenge the validity
of the Company's patents or be issued patents which may prevent the sale of one
or more of the Company's product candidates, or require licensing and the
payment of significant fees or royalties by the Company to third parties in
order to enable the Company to conduct its business. Legal standards relating to
the scope of claims and the validity of patents in the fields in which the
Company is pursuing research and development are still evolving, are highly
uncertain and involve complex legal and factual issues. No assurance can be
given as to the degree of protection or competitive advantage any patents issued
to the Company will afford, the validity of any such patents or the Company's
ability to avoid violating or infringing any patents issued to others. Further,
there can be no guarantee that any patents issued to or licensed by the Company
will not be infringed by the products of others. Litigation and other
proceedings involving the defense and prosecution of patent claims can be
expensive and time consuming, even in those instances in which the outcome is
favorable to the Company, and can result in the diversion of resources from the
Company's other activities. An adverse outcome could subject the Company to
significant liabilities to third parties, require the Company to obtain licenses
from third parties or require the Company to cease any related research and
development activities or sales.
The Company's success is also dependent upon the skills, knowledge and
experience (none of which is patentable) of its scientific and technical
personnel. To help protect its rights, the Company requires all employees,
consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements
which prohibit the disclosure of confidential information to anyone outside the
Company and requires disclosure and assignment to the Company of their ideas,
developments, discoveries and inventions. There can be no assurance, however,
that these agreements will provide adequate protection for the Company's trade
secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any
unauthorized use or disclosure or the lawful development by others of such
information.
The Company's management and scientific personnel have been recruited primarily
from other pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions. In many cases,
these individuals are continuing research in the same areas with which they were
involved prior to joining BioCryst and may be restricted by agreement from
disclosing to the Company trade secrets they learned elsewhere. As a result, the
Company could be subject to allegations of violation of such agreements and
similar claims and litigation regarding such claims could ensue.
Dependence on Key Management and Qualified Personnel
The Company is highly dependent upon the efforts of its senior management and
scientific team. The loss of the services of one or more members of the senior
management and scientific team could significantly impede the achievement of
development objectives. Although the Company maintains, and is the beneficiary
of, a $2 million key-man insurance policy on the life of Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D.,
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, the Company does
not believe the proceeds would be adequate to compensate for his loss. Due to
the specialized scientific nature of the Company's business, the Company is also
highly dependent upon its ability to attract and retain qualified scientific,
technical and key management personnel. There is intense competition for
qualified personnel in the areas of the Company's activities, and there can be
no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to attract and retain
qualified personnel necessary for the development of its existing business and
its expansion into areas and activities requiring additional expertise, such as
production and marketing. The loss of, or failure to recruit, scientific,
technical and managerial personnel could have a material adverse effect on the
Company. In addition, the Company relies on members of its Scientific Advisory
Board and consultants to assist the Company in formulating its research and
development strategy. All of the members of the Scientific Advisory Board and
all of the Company's consultants are employed by other employers, and each such
member or consultant may have commitments to, or consulting or advisory
contracts with, other entities that may limit their availability to the Company.
Lack of Manufacturing, Marketing or Sales Capability
The Company has not yet manufactured or marketed any products and currently does
not have the facilities to
24
<PAGE>
manufacture its product candidates in commercial quantities under GMP as
prescribed and required by the FDA. To be successful, the Company's products
must be manufactured in commercial quantities under GMP and at acceptable costs.
Although the Company is formulating and packaging under GMP conditions small
amounts of certain drug formulations which are the subject of preclinical
studies and clinical trials, the current facilities of the Company are not
adequate for commercial scale production. Therefore, the Company will need to
develop its own GMP manufacturing facility and/or depend on its collaborators,
licensees or contract manufacturers for the commercial manufacture of its
products. The Company has no experience in such commercial manufacturing and no
assurance can be given that the Company will be able to make the transition to
commercial production successfully or at an acceptable cost. In addition, no
assurance can be given that the Company will be able to make arrangements with
third parties to manufacture its products on acceptable terms, if at all. The
inability of the Company to manufacture or provide for the manufacture of any
products it may develop on a cost-effective basis would have a material adverse
effect on the Company.
The Company has no experience in marketing, distributing or selling
pharmaceutical products and will have to develop a pharmaceutical sales force
and/or rely on its collaborators, licensees or arrangements with others to
provide for the marketing, distribution and sales of any products it may
develop. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to establish
marketing, distribution and sales capabilities or make arrangements with
collaborators, licensees or others to perform such activities.
Uncertainty of Third-Party Reimbursement and Product Pricing
Successful commercialization of any pharmaceutical products the Company may
develop will depend in part upon the availability of reimbursement or funding
from third-party health care payors such as government and private insurance
plans. There can be no assurance that third-party reimbursement or funding will
be available for newly approved pharmaceutical products or will permit price
levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on the Company's investment
in its pharmaceutical product development. The U.S. Congress is considering a
number of legislative and regulatory reforms that may affect companies engaged
in the health care industry in the United States. Although the Company cannot
predict whether these proposals will be adopted or the effects such proposals
may have on its business, the existence and pendency of such proposals could
have a material adverse effect on the Company in general. In addition, the
Company's ability to commercialize potential pharmaceutical products may be
adversely affected to the extent that such proposals have a material adverse
effect on other companies that are prospective collaborators with respect to any
of the Company's pharmaceutical product candidates.
Third-party payors are continuing their efforts to contain or reduce the cost of
health care through various means. For example, third-party payors are
increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical products and services.
Also, the trend toward managed health care in the United States and the
concurrent growth of organizations, such as health maintenance organizations,
which can control or significantly influence the purchase of health care
services and products, as well as legislative proposals to reform health care or
reduce government insurance programs, may result in lower prices for
pharmaceutical products. The cost containment measures that health care
providers are instituting and the effect of any health care reform could
materially adversely affect the Company's ability to sell its products if
successfully developed and approved.
Risk of Product Liability; Availability of Insurance
The Company's business may be affected by potential product liability risks
which are inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical
and other products under development by the Company. There can be no assurance
that product liability claims will not be asserted against the Company, its
collaborators or licensees. The use of compounds or drug candidates developed by
the Company in clinical trials and the subsequent sale of such products is
likely to cause BioCryst to bear all or a portion of those risks. The Company
does not have product liability insurance but does maintain coverage for
clinical trials in the amount of $6.0 million per occurrence and in the
aggregate. No assurance can be given that such insurance will be adequate to
cover claims made with respect to the clinical trials. There can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to obtain or maintain adequate product liability
insurance on acceptable terms or that such insurance will provide adequate
coverage against potential liabilities. Furthermore, there can be no assurance
that any collaborators or licensees of BioCryst will agree to indemnify the
25
<PAGE>
Company, be sufficiently insured or have a net worth sufficient to satisfy any
such product liability claims.
Hazardous Materials; Compliance with Environmental Regulations
The Company's research and development involves the controlled use of hazardous
materials, chemicals and various radioactive compounds. Although the Company
believes that its safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials
comply with the standards prescribed by state and federal regulations, the risk
of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely
eliminated. In the event of such an accident, the Company could be held liable
for any damages that result and any such liability could exceed the resources of
the Company. The Company may incur substantial costs to comply with
environmental regulations if the Company develops manufacturing capacity.
Control by Existing Management and Stockholders; Effect of Certain Anti-Takeover
Considerations
The Company's directors, executive officers and certain principal stockholders
and their affiliates own beneficially approximately 37.6% of the Common Stock.
Accordingly, such holders, if acting together, may have the ability to exert
significant influence over the election of the Company's Board of Directors and
other matters submitted to the Company's stockholders for approval. The voting
power of these holders may discourage or prevent any proposed takeover of the
Company unless the terms thereof are approved by such holders. Pursuant to the
Company's Composite Certificate of Incorporation (the "Certificate of
Incorporation"), shares of Preferred Stock may be issued by the Company in the
future without stockholder approval and upon such terms as the Board of
Directors may determine. The rights of the holders of Common Stock will be
subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any
Preferred Stock that may be issued in the future. The issuance of Preferred
Stock could have the effect of discouraging a third party from acquiring a
majority of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company and preventing
stockholders from realizing a premium on their shares. The Company's Certificate
of Incorporation also provides for staggered terms for the members of the Board
of Directors. A staggered Board of Directors and certain provisions of the
Company's by-laws and of Delaware law applicable to the Company could delay or
make more difficult a merger, tender offer or proxy contest involving the
Company.
Price Volatility
The securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and
volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance
of particular companies. In addition, the market prices of the common stock of
many publicly traded emerging pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies
have in the past been, and can in the future be expected to be, especially
volatile. Announcements of technological innovations or new products by the
Company or its competitors, developments or disputes concerning patents or
proprietary rights or collaboration partners, achieving or failing to achieve
development milestones, publicity regarding actual or potential medical results
relating to products under development by the Company or its competitors,
regulatory developments in both U.S. and foreign countries, public concern as to
the safety of pharmaceutical products and economic and other external factors,
as well as period-to-period fluctuations in the Company's financial results, may
have a significant impact on the market price of the Common Stock.
26
<PAGE>
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
----------------------------
Assets 1998 1997
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Cash and cash equivalents (Notes 1 and 3) $ 12,311,348 $ 3,757,098
Securities held-to-maturity (Notes 1 and 3) 9,961,017 15,723,631
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 598,463 214,777
------------ ------------
Total current assets 22,870,828 19,695,506
Securities held-to-maturity (Notes 1 and 3) 4,739,728 5,162,757
Furniture and equipment, net (Notes 1 and 2) 1,407,780 1,557,537
Patents 81,723 68,928
------------ ------------
Total assets $ 29,100,059 $ 26,484,728
============ ============
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Accounts payable $ 243,075 $ 245,180
Accrued expenses (Note 4) 611,455 306,433
Accrued taxes, other than income (Note 4) 136,726 166,177
Accrued vacation 91,919 89,777
Current maturities of capital lease obligations (Note 5) 12,603 57,896
------------ ------------
Total current liabilities 1,095,778 865,463
------------ ------------
Capital lease obligations (Note 5) 21,866 34,469
------------ ------------
Deferred license fee (Note 9) 300,000 300,000
------------ ------------
Stockholders' equity (Notes 7 and 8):
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, shares authorized-
5,000,000; none issued and outstanding
Common stock, $.01 par value; shares authorized -
45,000,000; shares issued and outstanding -
14,960,088 - 1998; 13,817,667 - 1997 149,600 138,177
Additional paid-in capital 80,702,381 73,531,104
Accumulated deficit (53,169,566) (48,384,485)
------------ ------------
Total stockholders' equity 27,682,415 25,284,796
------------ ------------
Commitments and contingency (Notes 5 and 9)
------------ ------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 29,100,059 $ 26,484,728
============ ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
27
<PAGE>
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Collaborative and other research and
development (Notes 1 and 9) $ 6,371,095 $ 1,000,000 $ 1,558,543
Interest and other 1,254,881 1,692,521 1,093,617
------------ ------------ ------------
Total revenues 7,625,976 2,692,521 2,652,160
------------ ------------ ------------
Expenses:
Research and development 9,291,146 10,577,369 7,586,159
General and administrative 3,104,925 2,682,137 2,664,197
Interest 14,986 51,880 100,031
------------ ------------ ------------
Total expenses 12,411,057 13,311,386 10,350,387
------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss $ (4,785,081) $(10,618,865) $ (7,698,227)
============ ============ ============
Net loss per share (Note 1) $(.34) $(.77) $(.69)
Weighted average shares outstanding (Note 1) 14,120,364 13,779,698 11,171,035
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
28
<PAGE>
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Additional Total Stock-
Common Paid-in Accumulated Holders'
Stock Capital Deficit Equity
-------- ------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1995 $ 95,043 $ 41,298,848 $(30,067,393) $ 11,326,498
Sale of common stock, 3,376,608 shares 33,766 30,495,652 30,529,418
Exercise of stock options, 45,255 shares 453 190,987 191,440
Employee stock purchase plan sales, 18,101 shares 181 147,362 147,543
Exercise of warrants, 753,439 shares 7,534 883,266 890,800
Compensation cost 15,749 15,749
Net loss (7,698,227) (7,698,227)
-------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Balance at December 31, 1996 136,977 73,031,864 (37,765,620) 35,403,221
Exercise of stock options, 79,670 shares 797 272,389 273,186
Employee stock purchase plan sales, 15,933 shares 160 163,632 163,792
Exercise of warrants, 24,330 shares 243 (274) (31)
Compensation cost 63,493 63,493
Net loss (10,618,865) (10,618,865)
-------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Balance at December 31, 1997 138,177 73,531,104 (48,384,485) 25,284,796
Sale of common stock, 918,836 shares 9,188 5,937,047 5,946,235
Exercise of stock options, 144,102 shares 1,441 614,655 616,096
Employee stock purchase plan sales, 23,597 shares 236 144,010 144,246
Exercise of warrants, 55,806 shares 558 295,842 296,400
Compensation cost 179,723 179,723
Net loss (4,785,081) (4,785,081)
-------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Balance at December 31, 1998 $149,600 $ 80,702,381 $(53,169,566) $ 27,682,415
======== ============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
29
<PAGE>
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years Ended December 31,
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Operating activities:
Net loss $ (4,785,081) $(10,618,865) $ (7,698,227)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
operating activities-
Depreciation and amortization 529,124 648,935 524,367
Non-monetary compensation cost 179,723 63,493 15,749
Changes in operating assets and liabilities-
Prepaid expenses and other assets (383,686) 18,677 45,932
Patents (12,795) (68,928)
Accounts payable (2,105) (370,253) 405,256
Accrued expenses 305,022 65,555 53,205
Accrued taxes, other than income (29,451) (43,777) (140,269)
Accrued vacation 2,142 6,500 (27,427)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash used in operating activities (4,197,107) (10,298,663) (6,821,414)
------------ ------------ ------------
Investing activities:
Purchases of furniture and equipment (379,367) (1,075,682) (292,374)
Purchase of marketable securities (13,564,857) (12,200,183) (36,950,717)
Maturities of marketable securities 19,750,500 23,462,683 10,080,905
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities 5,806,276 10,186,818 (27,162,186)
------------ ------------ ------------
Financing activities:
Principal payments of debt and capital lease obligations (57,896) (254,547) (274,789)
Capital leases 50,763
Exercise of stock options 616,096 273,186 191,440
Employee Stock Purchase Plan stock sales 144,246 163,792 147,543
Exercise of warrants 296,400 (31) 890,800
Sale of common stock, net of issuance costs 5,946,235 30,529,418
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by financing activities 6,945,081 233,163 31,484,412
------------ ------------ ------------
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 8,554,250 121,318 (2,499,188)
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period 3,757,098 3,635,780 6,134,968
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 12,311,348 $ 3,757,098 $ 3,635,780
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
30
<PAGE>
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 - Accounting Policies
The Company
BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation, (the "Company") is a
pharmaceutical company using structure-based drug design to discover and design
novel, small-molecule pharmaceutical products for the treatment of major
immunological, viral, and cardiovascular diseases and disorders. The Company has
three primary research projects, of which two are in clinical trials and one has
been licensed to a big pharmaceutical company for clinical development. While
the prospects for a project may increase as the project advances to the next
stage of development, a project can be terminated at any stage of development.
Until the Company generates revenues from either a research project or an
approved product, its ability to continue research projects is dependent upon
its ability to raise funds. The Company relies on sole suppliers to manufacture
its BCX-34 compound for clinical trials and is evaluating supply sources for
commercial production.
Net Loss Per Share
The Company computes net income (loss) per share in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 128, Earnings per Share. Net loss per share
is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during
the period. Common equivalent shares from unexercised stock options and warrants
are excluded from the computation as their effect is anti-dilutive. Common stock
equivalents of approximately 2,469,348, 2,267,176 and 2,638,882 shares were not
used to calculate net loss per share in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively,
because of their anti-dilutive effect. There were no reconciling items in
calculating the numerator for net loss per share for any of the periods
presented.
Securities Held-to-Maturity
The Company is required to classify debt and equity securities as
held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading. The appropriateness of each
classification is reassessed at each reporting date. The only dispositions were
maturities of securities held-to-maturity. At December 31, 1998, securities
held-to-maturity consisted of $11,533,273 of U.S. Treasury and Agency securities
and $3,167,472 of high-grade domestic corporate debt carried at amortized cost.
All of the non-current portion of securities held-to-maturity are U.S. Treasury
and Agency securities that mature in 2000. The amortized cost of all these
securities at December 31, 1998 approximated market value.
Furniture and Equipment
Furniture and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the
straight-line method with estimated useful lives of five and seven years. Leased
laboratory equipment is amortized over the lease life of five years. Leasehold
improvements are amortized over the remaining lease period.
Income Taxes
The liability method is used in accounting for income taxes in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109 ("Statement No. 109"). Under
this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on
differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities
and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect
when the differences are expected to reverse.
Revenue Recognition
Research and development revenue on cost-reimbursement agreements is recognized
as expenses are incurred, up to contractual limits. Research and development
revenues, license fees and option fees are recognized as revenue when
irrevocably due. Payments received which are related to future performance are
deferred and taken into income as earned over a specified future performance
period.
31
<PAGE>
Statements of Cash Flows
For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers cash
equivalents to be all cash held in money market accounts or investments in debt
instruments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB No. 25).
Under APB No. 25, the Company's stock option and employee stock purchase plans
qualify as noncompensatory plans. Consequently, no compensation expense is
recognized. Stock issued to non-employees is compensatory and a compensation
expense is recognized under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123,
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation ("Statement No. 123").
Use of Estimates
Management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts
reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
Note 2 - Furniture and Equipment
Furniture and equipment consisted of the following at December 31:
1998 1997
---- ----
Furniture and fixtures $ 626,756 $ 580,077
Laboratory equipment 1,263,873 1,023,440
Leased equipment 153,937 396,765
Leasehold improvements 1,179,730 1,170,719
---------- ----------
3,224,296 3,171,001
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 1,816,516 1,613,464
---------- ----------
Furniture and equipment, net $1,407,780 $1,557,537
========== ==========
The Company does not have any significant impairment losses under Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of
Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of.
Note 3 - Concentration of Credit and Market Risk
The Company invests its excess cash principally in marketable securities from a
diversified portfolio of institutions with strong credit ratings and in U.S.
government and agency bills and notes, and by policy, limits the amount of
credit exposure at any one institution. These investments are generally not
collateralized and primarily mature within one year. The Company has not
realized any losses from such investments. At December 31, 1998, approximately
$11,575,696 is invested in the Fidelity Institution Cash Portfolio, which
invests in treasury notes and repurchase agreements. The Fidelity Institution
Cash Portfolio is not insured.
Note 4 - Accrued Expenses and Taxes
Accrued expenses and taxes were comprised of the following at December 31:
1998 1997
---- ----
Accrued clinical trials $427,161 $159,183
Accrued bonus 50,000 50,000
Stock plan purchase withholdings 82,356 48,640
Accrued other 51,938 48,610
-------- --------
Accrued expenses $611,455 $306,433
======== ========
32
<PAGE>
Accrued franchise tax $ 86,540 $120,000
Accrued other 50,186 46,177
-------- --------
Accrued taxes, other than income $136,726 $166,177
======== ========
Note 5 - Capital Lease Obligations
The Company paid $14,986, $51,880 and $100,031 in interest on debt and lease
obligations for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
The Company had an unused line of credit of $500,000 at December 31, 1998.
The Company has the following capital lease obligations and operating leases at
December 31, 1998:
Capital Operating
Leases Leases
------ ------
1999 $17,615 $ 262,639
2000 17,615 270,513
2001 7,191 278,625
2002 286,986
2003 146,715
------- ----------
Total minimum payments 42,421 $1,245,478
==========
Less interest 7,952
-------
Present value of future minimum payments 34,469
Less current portion 12,603
-------
Non-current portion $21,866
=======
Rent expense for operating leases was $299,811, $186,004 and $191,880 in 1998,
1997 and 1996, respectively.
Note 6 - Income Taxes
The Company has not had taxable income since incorporation and, therefore, has
not paid any income tax. Deferred tax assets of approximately $23,100,000 and
$20,500,000 at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively, have been recognized
principally for the net operating loss and research and development credit
carryforwards and have been reduced by a valuation allowance of $23,100,000 and
$20,500,000 at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively, which will remain until
it is more likely than not that the related tax benefits will be realized.
At December 31, 1998, the Company had net operating loss and research and
development credit carryforwards ("Carryforward Tax Benefits") of approximately
$49,500,000 and $4,000,000, respectively, which will expire in 2005 through
2018. Use of the Carryforward Tax Benefits will be subject to a substantial
annual limitation due to the change of ownership provisions of the Tax Reform
Act of 1986. The annual limitation is expected to result in the expiration of a
portion of Carryforward Tax Benefits before utilization, which has been
considered by the Company in its computations under Statement No. 109.
Additional sales of the Company's equity securities may result in further annual
limitations on the use of the Carryforward Tax Benefits against taxable income
in future years.
Note 7 - Stockholders' Equity
Warrants
During 1998, warrants were exercised to purchase 49,400 shares with cash and
warrants to exercise 6,406 shares were exercised via net issue exercise by
giving up warrants to purchase 92,394 shares. During 1997, warrants were
exercised to purchase 24,330 shares via net issue exercise by giving up warrants
to purchase 25,875 shares. There were no warrants outstanding at December 31,
1998.
33
<PAGE>
Options
In November 1991, the Board of Directors adopted the 1991 Stock Option Plan
("Plan") for key employees and consultants of the Company and reserved 500,000
shares of common stock for the Plan. The Plan was approved by the stockholders
on December 19, 1991. The term of the Plan is for ten years and includes both
incentive stock options and non-statutory options. The option price for the
incentive stock options shall not be less than the fair market value of common
stock on the grant date. The option price per share for non-statutory stock
options may not be less than 85% of the fair market value of common stock on the
date of grant. The options generally vest 25% after one year and monthly
thereafter on a pro rata basis over the next three years until fully vested
after four years. Options are generally granted to all full-time employees.
There are an aggregate of 2,730,107 shares reserved for future issuance for the
options and the Stock Purchase Plan discussed in Note 8.
The Company follows APB No. 25 in accounting for its Stock Option and Stock
Purchase Plans and accordingly does not recognize a compensation cost. The
Company has adopted the disclosure requirement of Statement No. 123 commencing
in 1996. Since Statement No. 123 is only applied to options granted after 1994,
the pro forma disclosure should not necessarily be considered indicative of
future pro forma results when the full four-year vesting (the period in which
the compensation cost is recognized) is included in the disclosure in 1999. The
fair value of each option grant is estimated on the grant date using the
Black-Scholes option-pricing method with the following weighted-average
assumptions used for grants in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively: no dividends,
expected volatility of 65.6, 57.8 and 52.3 percent, risk-free interest rate of
4.9, 6.0 and 6.1 percent and expected lives of five years. The weighted-average
grant-date fair values of options granted during 1997 under the Stock Option and
Employee Stock Purchase Plans were $4.12 and $2.17, respectively. Had the
Company adopted Statement No. 123 and determined its compensation cost based on
the fair value at the grant dates in 1998, 1997 and 1996, the Company's net loss
and net loss per share would have been increased to the pro forma amounts shown
below:
1998 1997 1996
---- ---- ----
Net loss As reported $(4,785,081) $(10,618,865) $(7,698,227)
Pro forma (6,363,575) (11,657,646) (8,279,551)
Net loss per share As reported (.34) (.77) (.69)
Pro forma (.45) (.85) (.74)
The stockholders on April 16, 1993 and on March 1, 1994 (approving the Board of
Directors' action of December 1993) authorized an amended and restated 1991
Stock Option Plan and approved an additional 1,000,000 shares of common stock
for issuance ("Amended Plan"). The Amended Plan includes an increase of common
stock reserved for issuance to 1,500,000 shares and establishes an automatic
option grant program. The automatic option grant program grants options to new
non-employee Board members to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock at an
exercise price of the fair market value at the grant date for a maximum of ten
years and is subject to vesting restrictions and early termination upon the
optionee's cessation of Board service. The vesting and exercise provisions of
the options issued under the Amended Plan are subject to acceleration, under
certain circumstances, upon the occurrence of a hostile tender offer for more
than 50% of the outstanding stock of the Company or if the Company is acquired.
On May 29, 1995, the stockholders approved extending the automatic option grant
to cover non-employee Board members not previously eligible for an automatic
grant and approved an additional 500,000 shares of common stock for issuance,
increasing the common stock reserved for issuance to 2,000,000 shares. On May
14, 1997, the stockholders approved increasing the automatic option grant to
40,000 shares and approved an additional 1,000,000 shares (of which 75,576 were
approved by the Board of Directors in 1996) of common stock for issuance,
increasing the common stock reserved for issuance to 3,000,000 shares. The
following is an analysis of stock options for the three years ending December
31, 1998:
34
<PAGE>
Weighted
Options Options Average
Available Outstanding Exercise Price
--------- ----------- --------------
Balance December 31, 1995 247,814 1,630,062 $ 5.49
Option plan amended 75,576
Options granted (302,540) 302,540 14.68
Options exercised (45,255) 4.23
Options canceled 45,625 (45,625) 4.19
-------- ---------
Balance December 31, 1996 66,475 1,841,722 7.06
Option plan amended 924,424
Options granted (590,810) 590,810 10.21
Options exercised (87,450) 4.02
Options canceled 139,850 (139,850) 10.33
-------- ---------
Balance December 31, 1997 539,939 2,205,232 7.82
Options granted (495,400) 495,400 6.88
Options exercised (144,102) 4.28
Options canceled 77,016 (77,016) 10.38
-------- ---------
Balance December 31, 1998 121,555 2,479,514 7.61
======== =========
There were 1,456,715, 1,254,263 and 1,027,416 options exercisable at December
31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. The weighted-average exercise price for
options exercisable was $6.94, $5.84 and $4.92 at December 31, 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively.
The following table summarizes at December 31, 1998, by price range, (1) for
options outstanding the number of options outstanding, their weighted-average
remaining life and their weighted-average exercise price and (2) for options
exercisable the number of options exercisable and their weighted-average
exercise price:
Outstanding Exercisable
----------- -----------
Range Number Life Price Number Price
----- ------ ---- ----- ------ -----
$ 2 to $ 5 538,664 5.6 $ 3.82 538,664 $ 3.82
5 to 8 1,076,725 2.3 6.28 499,926 6.07
8 to 12 372,825 2.3 8.73 192,636 9.01
12 to 17 491,300 1.8 14.59 225,489 14.63
--------- ---------
2 to 17 2,479,514 2.9 7.61 1,456,715 6.95
========= =========
Note 8 - Employee Benefit Plans
On January 1, 1991, the Company adopted an employee retirement plan ("401(k)
Plan") under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code covering all employees.
Employee contributions may be made to the 401(k) Plan up to limits established
by the Internal Revenue Service. Company matching contributions may be made at
the discretion of the Board of Directors. The Company made a contribution of
$57,137, $45,603 and $30,000 in 1998, 1997 and 1996.
On May 29, 1995, the stockholders approved an employee stock purchase plan
("Stock Purchase Plan") effective February 1, 1995. The Company has reserved
200,000 shares of common stock under the Stock Purchase Plan, of which 129,038
shares remain available for purchase at December 31, 1998. Eligible employees
may authorize up to 15% of their salary to purchase common stock at the lower of
85% of the beginning or 85% of the ending price during the six-month purchase
intervals. No more than 3,000 shares may be purchased by any one employee at the
six-month purchase dates and no employee may purchase stock having a fair market
value at the commencement date of $25,000 or more in any one calendar year.
There were 23,597 shares, 15,933 shares and 18,101 shares of common stock
purchased under the Stock Purchase Plan in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively, at
a weighted average price of $6.11, $10.28 and $8.15, respectively, per share.
35
<PAGE>
Note 9 - Collaborative and Other Research and Development Contracts
The Company granted Novartis Corporation, formerly Ciba-Geigy Corporation
("Novartis"), an option in 1990 to acquire exclusive licenses to a class of
inhibitors arising from research performed by the Company by February 1991. The
option was exercised and a $500,000 fee was paid to the Company in 1993.
Milestone payments are due upon approval of a new drug application. The Company
will also receive royalties based upon a percentage of sales of any resultant
products. Up to $300,000 of the initial fee received is refundable if sales of
any resultant products are below specified levels.
On November 7, 1991, the Company entered into a joint research and license
agreement with The University of Alabama at Birmingham ("UAB"). UAB performed
specific research on Factor D for the Company for a period of approximately
three years in return for research and license fees. The agreement was replaced
by a new agreement on July 18, 1995 granting the Company a worldwide license in
exchange for funding certain UAB research and sharing in any royalties or
sublicense fees arising from the joint research. On November 17, 1994, the
Company entered into another agreement for a joint research and license
agreement on influenza neuraminidase granting the Company a worldwide license.
Under this agreement, the Company funded certain UAB research and UAB shares in
any royalties or sublicense fees arising from the joint research. The Company
completed its funding required by the agreements for both projects in 1998.
In May 1996, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Torii
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ("Torii"), a majority owned subsidiary of Japan Tobacco
Inc., to develop, manufacture and commercialize BCX-34 and certain other PNP
inhibitor compounds in Japan for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, T-cell
cancers and atopic dermatitis. Upon entering into the agreement, Torii paid the
Company $1.5 million in license fees and made a $1.5 million equity investment
in the Company, purchasing 76,608 shares of common stock at a purchase price of
$19.58 per share. The first milestone payment of $1.0 million was received in
1997. The agreement further provides for additional potential milestone payments
of up to $18.0 million and royalties on future sales of licensed products in
Japan. Torii is responsible for all development, regulatory and
commercialization expenses in Japan. The agreement is subject to termination by
Torii at any time and by the Company in certain circumstances. Pursuant to the
agreement, Torii may negotiate a license with the Company to develop BCX-34 and
certain other PNP inhibitor compounds for additional indications.
In September 1998, the Company entered into a worldwide license agreement with
The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute ("PRI") and Ortho-McNeil
Pharmaceutical, Inc. ("Ortho-McNeil"), both Johnson & Johnson companies, to
develop and market products to treat and prevent viral influenza. Under the
terms of the agreement, the Company received an initial $6.0 million. The
agreement provides for additional potential milestone payments of up to $43.0
million and royalties based on future sales of licensed products. PRI and
Ortho-McNeil are responsible for all development, regulatory and
commercialization expenses. The agreement is subject to termination by PRI and
Ortho-McNeil at any time and by the Company in certain circumstances. In
addition, Johnson & Johnson Development Corporation ("JJDC"), another Johnson &
Johnson company, made a $6.0 million equity investment in the Company in
connection with signing the license agreement.
Note 10 - Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)(In thousands, except per
share)
First Second Third Fourth
----- ------ ----- ------
1998 Quarters
Revenues $ 382 $ 289 $ 6,249 $ 706
Net income (loss) (3,006) (2,981) 2,667 (1,465)
Net income (loss) per share (.22) (.21) .19 (.10)
1997 Quarters
Revenues 452 1,427 387 427
Net (loss) (3,149) (2,080) (2,513) (2,877)
Net (loss) per share (.23) (.15) (.18) (.21)
36
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors
BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of BioCryst Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the related statements of operations,
stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1998. These financial statements are the responsibility of
the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
at December 31, 1998 and 1997 and the results of its operations and its cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998, in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/Ernst & Young, LLP
Birmingham, Alabama
January 15, 1999
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
37
<PAGE>
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The directors and executive officers of the Company are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Age Position(s) with the Company
- ------------------------------- ---- ----------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D. 57 Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director
J. Claude Bennett, M.D. 65 President, Chief Operating Officer and Director
John A. Montgomery, Ph.D. 75 Senior Vice President, Secretary, Chief Scientific
Officer and Director
Ronald E. Gray 58 Chief Financial Officer, Assistant Secretary and Treasurer
John R. Urhin 46 Vice President, Corporate Development
William W. Featheringill (1)(2) 56 Director
Edwin A. Gee, Ph.D. (1)(2) 79 Director
Zola P. Horovitz, Ph.D. 64 Director
Lindsay A. Rosenwald, M.D. (1) 43 Director
Joseph H. Sherrill, Jr. 58 Director
William M. Spencer, III (1)(2) 78 Director
Randolph C. Steer, M.D., Ph.D. 49 Director
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) Member of the Compensation Committee ("Compensation Committee").
(2) Member of the Audit Committee ("Audit Committee").
Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D., was named Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer
and Director in November 1993 and President in January 1995. Dr. Bugg
relinquished the position of President in December 1996 when Dr. Bennett joined
the Company in that position. Prior to joining the Company, Dr. Bugg had served
as the Director of the Center for Macromolecular Crystallography, Associate
Director of the Comprehensive Cancer Center and Professor of Biochemistry at UAB
since 1975. He was a Founder of the Company and served as the Company's first
Chief Executive Officer from 1987-1988 while on a sabbatical from UAB. Dr. Bugg
also served as Chairman of the Company's Scientific Advisory Board from January
1986 to November 1993. He continues to hold the position of Professor Emeritus
in Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics at UAB, a position he has held since
January 1994.
J. Claude Bennett, M.D., was named President and Chief Operating Officer in
December 1996 and elected a Director in January 1997. Prior to joining the
Company, Dr. Bennett was President of UAB from October 1993 to December 1996 and
Professor and Chairman of the Department of Medicine of UAB from January 1982 to
October 1993. Dr. Bennett served on the Company's Scientific Advisory Board from
1989-96. He also continues to hold the position of Distinguished University
Professor Emeritus at UAB.
John A. Montgomery, Ph.D., has been a Director since November 1989 and has been
Secretary and Chief Scientific Officer since joining the Company in February
1990. He was Executive Vice President from February 1990 until May 1997, at
which time he was named Senior Vice President. Dr. Montgomery was a Founder of
BioCryst. Prior to joining the Company, Dr. Montgomery served as Senior Vice
President of Southern Research Institute ("SRI") of Birmingham from January 1981
to February 1990. He continues to hold the position of Distinguished Scientist
at SRI, a position he has held since February 1990.
Ronald E. Gray joined BioCryst in January 1993 as Chief Financial Officer. In
1994, Mr. Gray received the additional title of Treasurer and Assistant
Secretary. Prior to joining BioCryst, from June 1992 to September 1992, Mr. Gray
was Chief Financial Officer of The ACB Companies, a collection agency. From July
1988 to March 1992, Mr. Gray was Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Image
Data Corporation, a medical imaging company. He was previously Vice
38
<PAGE>
President of Finance, Secretary and Treasurer of CyCare Systems, Inc., a health
care information processing company.
John R. Uhrin joined BioCryst in March 1998 as Vice President, Corporate
Development. Prior to joining BioCryst, Mr. Uhrin was Director, Special
Projects/Managed Care for Genentech, Inc., the first biotechnology company to go
public, from 1987 until February 1998.
William W. Featheringill was elected a Director in May 1995. Mr. Featheringill
is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, since June 1995, of Electronic
Healthcare Systems, a software company, and President, Chief Executive Officer
and director, since 1973, of Private Capital Corporation, a venture capital
management company. Mr. Featheringill was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
of MACESS Corporation, which designs and installs paperless data management
systems for the managed care industry, from 1988 to November 1995. MACESS
Corporation merged with Sungard Data Systems in late 1995. From 1985 to December
1994, Mr. Featheringill was the developer, Chairman and President of Complete
Health Services, Inc., a health maintenance organization which grew, under his
direction, to become one of the largest HMOs in the southeastern United States.
Complete Health Services, Inc. was acquired by United HealthCare Corporation in
June 1994. Mr. Featheringill is a director of Citation Corporation.
Edwin A. Gee, Ph.D., was elected a Director in August 1993. Dr. Gee, who retired
in 1985 as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of International
Paper Company, has been active as an executive in biotechnology, pharmaceutical
and specialty chemical companies since 1970. He is Chairman Emeritus and a
director of OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., one of the leading biotechnology
companies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Zola P. Horovitz, Ph.D., was elected a Director in August 1994. Dr. Horovitz was
Vice President of Business Development and Planning at Bristol-Myers Squibb from
1991 until his retirement in April 1994 and previously was Vice President of
Licensing at the same company from 1990 to 1991. Prior to that he spent over 30
years with The Squibb Institute for Medical Research, most recently as Vice
President Research, Planning, & Scientific Liaison. He has been an independent
consultant in pharmaceutical sciences and business development since his
retirement from Bristol-Myers Squibb in April 1994. He serves on the Boards of
Directors of Avigen, Inc., Clinicor Inc., Diacrin, Inc., Magainin
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Procept Corporation, Roberts Pharmaceutical Corporation
and Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corp. Dr. Horovitz is also Chairman of Magainin
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Lindsay A. Rosenwald, M.D., has been a Director of the Company since December
1991. Dr. Rosenwald is President and Chairman of Paramount Capital Investments,
LLC, a medical venture capital and merchant banking firm; President and Chairman
of Paramount Capital, Inc., an investment banking firm specializing in the
health sciences industry; and, since 1994, President of Paramount Capital Asset
Management, Inc., a fund manager. From June 1987 to February 1992, he served in
various capacities at the investment banking firm of D. H. Blair & Co., where he
ultimately became a Managing Director of Corporate Finance and manager of their
Health Care Services Group. He is Chairman of the Board of Interneuron
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which he co-founded in 1988, and a director of Neose
Technologies, Inc., Sparta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and VIMrx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Joseph H. Sherrill, Jr., was elected a Director in May 1995. Mr. Sherrill served
as President of R. J. Reynolds ("RJR") Asia Pacific, based in Hong Kong, where
he oversaw RJR operations across Asia, including licensing, joint ventures and a
full line of operating companies from August 1989 to his retirement in October
1994. Prior management positions with RJR include Senior Vice President of
Marketing for R.J. Reynolds International, President and Chief Executive Officer
of R.J. Reynolds Tabacos de Brazil, and President and General Manager of R.J.
Reynolds Puerto Rico.
William M. Spencer, III, was a founder and has been a Director of the Company
since its inception. Mr. Spencer, who is retired, is also a private investor in
Birmingham, Alabama. He served as Chairman of the Board of the Company from its
founding in 1986 until April 1992. He co-founded and operated Motion Industries
from 1946 through its merger into Genuine Parts Company in 1976. He has founded
several businesses and has served on the Board of Directors of numerous private
corporations.
Randolph C. Steer, M.D., Ph.D., was elected a Director in February 1993. Dr.
Steer has been active as a consultant to biotechnology and pharmaceutical
companies since 1989. Dr. Steer serves on the Board of Directors of Techne
39
<PAGE>
Corporation.
In accordance with the terms of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, the
Board of Directors has been divided into three classes with members of each
class holding office for staggered three-year terms. Mr. Featheringill's, Mr.
Sherrill's and Dr. Rosenwald's terms expire at the 1999 annual meeting, Dr.
Bennett's, Dr. Horovitz's, Mr. Spencer's and Dr. Steer's terms expire at the
2000 annual meeting and Dr. Bugg's, Dr. Montgomery's and Dr. Gee's terms expire
at the 2001 annual meeting (in all cases subject to the election and
qualification of their successors or to their earlier death, resignation or
removal). Dr. Rosenwald has declined to stand for reelection. At each annual
stockholder meeting, the successors to the Directors whose terms expire are
elected to serve from the time of their election and qualification until the
third annual meeting of stockholders following their election and until a
successor has been duly elected and qualified. The provisions of the Company's
Certificate of Incorporation governing the staggered Director election procedure
can be amended only by a shareholder's vote of at least 75% of the eligible
voting securities. There are no family relationships among any of the directors
and executive officers of the Company. The Board has by resolution established
the number of directors of the Company at nine (9) commencing with the 1999
Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
The Company has an Audit Committee, consisting of Messrs. Featheringill, Gee and
Spencer, which is responsible for the review of internal accounting controls,
financial reporting and related matters. The Audit Committee also recommends to
the Board the independent accountants selected to be the Company's auditors and
reviews the audit plan, financial statements and audit results.
The Company also has a Compensation Committee consisting of Mr. Featheringill,
Dr. Gee, Dr. Rosenwald and Mr. Spencer. The Compensation Committee is
responsible for the annual review of officer compensation and other incentive
programs and is authorized to award options under the Company's 1991 Stock
Option Plan.
The Company has a Nominating Committee comprised of all outside directors with
terms not expiring in the current year for which the Nominating Committee will
be nominating persons for election or re-election as directors.
40
<PAGE>
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth the annual and long-term compensation paid by the
Company during the 1998, 1997 and 1996 fiscal years to the Company's Chief
Executive Officer and each of the Company's four other most highly compensated
executive officers whose annual salary and bonus for the 1998 fiscal year
exceeded $100,000 (collectively the "Named Executive Officers"):
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Long-term
Annual Compensation Compensation
------------------- ------------
Other Annual Awards-Securities
Name and Principal Position Year Salary Bonus Compensation(2) Underlying Options
--------------------------- ---- ------ ----- --------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D. 1998 $257,232 $50,000 (1) $3,200 50,000
Chairman and Chief Executive 1997 244,992 50,000 (1) 3,000 125,000
Officer 1996 212,008 50,000 (1) 1,959 50,000
J. Claude Bennett, M.D. 1998 229,248 0 0 45,200
President and Chief Operating 1997 220,008 0 0 35,000
Officer 1996 800 0 0 103,000
John A. Montgomery, Ph.D. 1998 156,312 0 0 22,100
Senior Vice President, Secretary and 1997 150,000 0 0 37,000
Chief Scientific Officer 1996 133,656 0 0 12,000
Ronald E. Gray 1998 123,672 0 2,473 5,500
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer 1997 119,784 0 2,396 14,400
and Assistant Secretary 1996 109,088 0 1,959 5,400
John R. Uhrin 1998 137,500 (3) 0 1,650 70,900
Vice President, Corporate 1997 0 0 0 0
Development 1996 0 0 0 0
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) Paid pursuant to Employment Agreements dated December 17, 1996 and November
19, 1993 between the Company and Dr. Bugg. See "Executive Compensation -
Employment Agreements."
(2) Represents the Company's contribution to the 401(k) Plan.
(3) Mr. Uhrin joined the Company in March 1998.
Employment Agreements
Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D., entered into a new three-year employment agreement with
the Company on December 17, 1996 for the years 1997, 1998 and 1999 (the "Bugg
Agreement"). Under the terms of the Agreement, Dr. Bugg will serve as Chairman
of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Dr. Bugg
will receive annual compensation of $245,000 and a discretionary bonus of
$50,000. The Board may, in its discretion, grant other cash or stock bonuses to
Dr. Bugg as an award or incentive. Dr. Bugg is also entitled to all employee
benefits generally made available to executive officers. Dr. Bugg may, if he
desires, also hold positions at UAB, provided that he does not devote more than
ten percent of his time to such activities. The term of the Agreement is for
three years unless terminated (i) by the Company for cause or (ii) upon the
permanent disability of Dr. Bugg.
Dr. Bugg will receive, on the last day of each year during the term of the
Agreement, an additional option to purchase a minimum of 25,000 shares of Common
Stock of the Company under the Company's 1991 Stock Option Plan. The exact
41
<PAGE>
number of shares will be determined by the plan administrator based on Dr.
Bugg's performance and the results of operations of the Company during such
year. Under the Bugg Agreement and his previous employment agreement, Dr. Bugg
received an option to purchase 50,000 shares of Common Stock at the end of 1998,
an option to purchase 75,000 shares of Common Stock at the end of 1997, 50,000
shares of Common Stock at the end of 1996, 50,000 shares of Common Stock related
to 1996 performance granted in May 1997 after the 1991 Stock Option Plan was
amended, 100,000 shares of Common Stock at the end of 1995 and 1994 and 200,000
shares of Common Stock in November 1993.
Dr. Bugg will receive an additional stock option to purchase 100,000 shares of
Common Stock under the Company's 1991 Stock Option Plan upon the Company's
submission to the FDA of any new drug application and another additional stock
option to purchase 100,000 shares of Common Stock under the Company's 1991 Stock
Option Plan upon the final approval by the FDA of each such new drug
application. The exercise price shall be the fair market value of the Company's
Common Stock on the date such additional stock option is granted. These
additional stock options will vest 25% one year after the date of issuance and
the remaining 75% will vest at the rate of 1/48 per month thereafter.
The options may be exercised immediately in the event of a merger or acquisition
of the Company. The options may be exercised within 24 months of Dr. Bugg's
death or permanent disability. In the event Dr. Bugg's employment is terminated
for cause he may exercise the options within three months of the date of such
termination to the extent such options were exercisable immediately prior to
such termination. In the event Dr. Bugg's employment is terminated for a reason
other than cause, death or permanent disability, the options then outstanding
shall become immediately exercisable in full.
All options granted to Dr. Bugg pursuant to the Agreement are intended to
qualify as incentive stock options as defined in Section 422 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, except to the extent the portion of such
options which become exercisable in any year have an aggregate exercise price in
excess of $100,000. All options shall expire no later than ten years from the
date of grant.
J. Claude Bennett, M.D., entered into an employment agreement with the Company
on December 18, 1996 (the "Bennett Agreement"). Under the terms of the Bennett
Agreement, Dr. Bennett serves as President and Chief Operating Officer of the
Company. The Company also agreed to use its best efforts to cause Dr. Bennett to
be elected as a director of the Company. Dr. Bennett receives annual
compensation of $220,000. Dr. Bennett was also granted an option to purchase
100,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company. The Board may, in its discretion,
grant other cash or stock bonuses to Dr. Bennett as an award or incentive.
Options to purchase 45,200 shares of Common Stock were granted in 1998 and an
option to purchase 35,000 shares of Common Stock was granted in December 1997.
Dr. Bennett is also entitled to all employee benefits generally made available
to executive officers. Dr. Bennett may, if he desires, also hold positions at
UAB, provided that he does not devote more than ten percent of his time to such
activities. The term of the Bennett Agreement is for three years unless
terminated (i) by the Company for cause or (ii) upon the permanent disability of
Dr. Bennett.
42
<PAGE>
Option Grants in 1998
The following table shows, with respect to the Company's Named Executive
Officers, certain information with respect to option grants in 1998. All of the
grants were made under the Company's 1991 Stock Option Plan. No stock
appreciation rights were granted during such year.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Potential Realizable
Value at Assumed
Annual Rates of
Number of Stock Price
Securities % of Appreciation for
Underlying Total Exercise Option Term(1)
Options Options Price Per Expiration --------------------
Name Granted Granted Share Date 5% 10%
---- ---------- ------- --------- ---------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D. 50,000 10.1% $6.25 12/14/2008 $196,530 $498,045
J. Claude Bennett, M.D. 15,000 3.0% 6.50 09/13/2008 61,317 155,390
30,200 6.1% 6.25 12/14/2008 118,704 300,819
John A. Montgomery, Ph.D. 22,100 4.5% 6.25 12/14/2008 86,866 220,136
Ronald E. Gray 5,500 1.1% 6.25 12/14/2008 21,618 54,785
John R. Uhrin 45,000 9.1% 7.75 03/01/2008 219,327 555,818
10,000 2.0% 6.50 09/13/2008 40,878 103,593
15,900 3.2% 6.25 12/14/2008 62,496 158,378
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) Amounts represent hypothetical gains that could be achieved for the
respective options at the end of the ten-year option term. The assumed 5% and
10% rates of stock appreciation are mandated by rules of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and do not represent the Company's estimate of the future
market price of the Common Stock.
Aggregate Option Exercises in 1998 and Year-end Option Values
The following table shows, with respect to the Company's Named Executive
Officers, the number and value of unexercised options held by the Named
Executive Officers as of December 31, 1998. No stock appreciation rights were
exercised during the 1998 fiscal year and no such rights were outstanding at the
end of that year.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Securities Values of Securities
Shares Underlying Underlying
Acquired on Value Unexercised Unexercised Options
Exercise Realized Options (1)
----------- -------- -------------------- --------------------
Name Exercisable Unexercisable Exercisable Unexercisable
----- ------------ -------------- ------------ -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D. 0 0 476,041 186,459 $634,375 $65,625
J. Claude Bennett, M.D. 0 0 68,812 122,388 15,375 43,275
John A. Montgomery, Ph.D. 0 0 113,750 56,850 256,750 25,950
Ronald E. Gray 0 0 71,337 20,963 122,250 7,500
John R. Uhrin 0 0 9,375 61,525 0 16,925
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) Amounts reflect the net values of outstanding stock options computed as the
difference between $7.00 per share (the fair market value at December 31, 1998)
and the exercise price therefor.
43
<PAGE>
Director Compensation
Directors do not receive a fee for attending Board or committee meetings.
Outside directors are reimbursed for expenses incurred in attending Board or
committee meetings and while representing the Company in conducting certain
business. Individuals who first become non-employee Board members on or after
March 3, 1994, at the time of commencement of Board service, receive a grant of
options to purchase up to 40,000 shares (25,000 shares prior to May 15, 1997)
pursuant to the automatic option grant program under the Company's 1991 Stock
Option Plan, and, under the Company's 1991 Stock Option Plan, each non-employee
director, including those persons presently serving as directors, will receive
grants of options to purchase 40,000 additional shares of Common Stock every
four years while they continue to serve as directors. A special one-time grant
was given to those directors not scheduled to receive a periodic automatic
option grant at the conclusion of the 1997 Meeting so as to equalize the rate at
which they vest options with those directors scheduled to receive a grant at the
end of the 1997 Meeting. All current outside directors of the Company have
received options to purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock. In May 1997, Messrs.
Featheringill and Sherrill received grants to purchase 7,500 shares and Messrs.
Horovitz, Rosenwald and Spencer received special one-time grants to purchase
3,750 shares. Options vest 25% after one year and 1/48 per month thereafter
until fully vested after four years, except that Dr. Gee's option, which was
granted prior to March 3, 1994, vested over a two-year period and the special
one-time grants vest over a two- or one-year period. Dr. Horovitz and Dr. Steer
also serve as consultants to the Company for a quarterly fee of $4,000 each.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The Compensation Committee consists of Mr. Featheringill, Dr. Gee, Dr. Rosenwald
and Mr. Spencer. There are no Compensation Committee interlocks.
44
<PAGE>
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL
OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of the
Company's Common Stock as of March 15, 1999 by (i) each director, (ii) each of
the Named Executive Officers, (iii) all directors and executive officers of the
Company as a group and (iv) each person known to the Company to be the
beneficial owner of more than five percent of the Company's Common Stock:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Amount and Nature Percent
of Beneficial of
Name and Address Ownership (1) Class
- ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
William W. Featheringill 2,619,468 (2) 17.4%
100 Brookwood Place, #410
Birmingham, Alabama 35209
Johnson & Johnson Development Corporation 918,836 (3) 6.1
One Johnson & Johnson Plaza
New Brunswick, NJ 08933
Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D. 568,998 (4) 3.7
William M. Spencer, III 524,859 (5) 3.5
Lindsay A. Rosenwald, M.D. 473,159 (6) 3.1
Joseph H. Sherrill, Jr. 419,146 (7) 2.8
John A. Montgomery, Ph.D. 150,838 (8) 1.0
Ronald E. Gray 83,042 (9) *
J. Claude Bennett, M.D. 82,515 (10) *
Randolph C. Steer, M.D., Ph.D. 69,165 (11) *
Edwin A. Gee, Ph.D. 34,165 (11) *
Zola P. Horovitz, Ph.D. 28,750 (11) *
John R. Uhrin 14,287 (12) *
All executive officers and directors as a group (12 persons) 5,068,392 (13) 31.8
</TABLE>
- ------
(*) Less than one percent.
(1) Gives effect to the shares of Common Stock issuable within 60 days after
March 15, 1999 upon the exercise of all options and other rights beneficially
held by the indicated stockholder on that date.
(2) Includes 364,900 shares of Common Stock held by the Featheringill Family
Trust of which he is a beneficial owner and 31,146 shares of Common Stock
issuable upon exercise of stock options.
(3) Johnson & Johnson Development Corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of
Johnson & Johnson and shares investment and voting power with Johnson & Johnson.
(4) Includes 498,955 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock
options.
(5) Includes 28,750 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock
options and 10,000 shares of Common Stock held by Mr. Spencer's spouse. Mr.
Spencer disclaims beneficial ownership of the 10,000 shares of Common Stock held
by his spouse.
(6) Includes 28,750 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock
options and 3,125 shares of Common
45
<PAGE>
Stock which Dr. Rosenwald holds jointly with his spouse. Also includes 77,539
shares of Common Stock held by Dr. Rosenwald's spouse individually and as
custodian for their minor children, as to which Dr. Rosenwald disclaims
beneficial ownership. Dr. Rosenwald has granted options to seven individuals to
purchase an aggregate of 15,950 shares of Common Stock held by him at purchase
prices ranging from $0.60 to $7.20 per share.
(7) Includes 366,000 shares of Common Stock held in a Flint Trust for his
benefit by his father who serves as trustee with investment and voting power,
31,146 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock options, 10,000
shares of Common Stock which Mr. Sherrill holds jointly with his spouse, 1,000
shares of Common Stock held by Mr. Sherrill's son and 10,000 shares of Common
Stock held by Mr. Sherrill's spouse. Mr. Sherrill disclaims beneficial ownership
of the 11,000 shares of Common Stock held by his spouse and son.
(8) Includes 118,750 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock
options and 12,600 shares of Common Stock held by Dr. Montgomery's spouse. Dr.
Montgomery disclaims beneficial ownership of the 12,600 shares of Common Stock
held by his spouse.
(9) Includes 1,500 shares of Common Stock held by the retirement accounts of Mr.
Gray and his spouse and 73,904 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of
stock options.
(10) Includes 78,227shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock
options.
(11) Includes shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock options.
(12) Represents 12,187 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock
options.
(13) See Notes (1) through (12).
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Dr. Bugg, an executive officer and Director of the Company, is a Professor
Emeritus of UAB and is paid an annual stipend of $9,040 by UAB. Dr. Bennett, an
executive officer and Director of the Company, is a consultant to and a
Distinguished University Professor of UAB and is paid an annual stipend of
$12,500 by UAB Education Foundation. The Company paid approximately $877,000 to
UAB in 1998 for conducting certain clinical trials, research and data analysis.
Dr. Montgomery, an executive officer and Director of the Company, is a former
executive officer of SRI. The Company paid approximately $209,000 to SRI in 1998
for certain research, laboratory rental and supplies. Dr. Montgomery is
currently a Distinguished Scientist at SRI and was paid approximately $6,482 by
SRI in 1998 for various consulting services unrelated to the services performed
by SRI for the Company.
In September 1998, the Company entered into a worldwide license agreement with
the PRI and Ortho-McNeil, both Johnson & Johnson companies, to develop and
market products to treat and prevent viral influenza. Under the terms of the
agreement, the Company received an initial $6.0 million. The agreement provides
for additional potential milestone payments and royalties based on future sales
of licensed products. PRI and Ortho-McNeil are responsible for all development,
regulatory and commercialization expenses. The agreement is subject to
termination by PRI and Ortho-McNeil at any time and by the Company in certain
circumstances. In addition, JJDC, another Johnson & Johnson company, made a $6.0
million equity investment in the Company in connection with signing the license
agreement.
46
<PAGE>
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) Financial Statements
Page in
Form 10-K
The following financial statements appear in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K:
Balance Sheets at December 31, 1998 and 1997 27
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 1998,
1997 and 1996 28
Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31,
1998, 1997 and 1996 29
Statements of Cash Flows for the three years ended December 31,
1998, 1997 and 1996 30
Notes to Financial Statements 31 to 36
Report of Independent Auditors 37
No financial statement schedules are included because the information is
either provided in the financial statements or is not required under the
related instructions or is inapplicable and such schedules therefore have
been omitted.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
None
(c) Exhibits
Number Description
3.1 Composite Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form
10-Q for the second quarter ending June 30, 1995 dated August
11, 1995.
3.2 Bylaws of Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1
to the Company's Form 10-Q for the second quarter ending June
30, 1995 dated August 11, 1995.
4.1 See Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 for provisions of the Composite
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Registrant
defining rights of holders of Common Stock of the Registrant.
10.1 1991 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated. Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Form S-8
Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-30751).
10.2 Form of Notice of Stock Option Grant and Stock Option
Agreement. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 and 99.3
to the Company's Form S-8 Registration Statement (Registration
No. 33-95062).
10.3 Warehouse Lease dated January 17, 1992 between Principal
Mutual Life Insurance Company and the Registrant. Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company's Form S-1
Registration Statement (Registration No. 33-73868).
10.4 Employment Agreement dated December 17, 1996 between the
Registrant and Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D. Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 1996 dated March 28, 1997.
10.5 Employment Agreement dated December 18, 1996 between the
Registrant and J. Claude Bennett. Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.12 to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1996 dated March 28, 1997.
10.6# License Agreement dated April 15, 1993 between Ciba-Geigy
Corporation (now merged into Novartis) and the Registrant.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the Company's
Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 33-73868).
10.7 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.4 to the Company's Form S-8 Registration Statement
(Registration No. 33-95062).
47
<PAGE>
10.8 First Amendment to Lease Agreement between Registrant and
Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company, Inc. for
office/warehouse space. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.21 to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ending December
31, 1994 dated March 28, 1995.
10.9 Form of Stock Purchase Agreement dated May 1995 between
Registrant and various parties to purchase 1,570,000 shares of
common stock. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to
the Company's Form 10-Q for the second quarter ending June 30,
1995 dated August 11, 1995.
10.10 Form of Registration Rights Agreement dated May 1995 between
Registrant and various parties. Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.23 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the second
quarter ending June 30, 1995 dated August 11, 1995.
10.11 Form of Stock Purchase Agreement dated March 22, 1996 among
Registrant and certain investors to purchase 1,000,000 shares
of common stock. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to
the Company's Form 8-K dated March 22, 1996.
10.12 Form of Registration Rights Agreement dated March 22, 1996
among Registrant and certain investors. Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K dated
March 22, 1996.
10.13# License Agreement, dated May 31, 1996, between Registrant and
Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ("Torii"). Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K/A dated
May 3, 1996 and filed August 2, 1996.
10.14# Stock Purchase Agreement, dated May 31, 1996, between
Registrant and Torii. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K/A dated May 3, 1996 and filed
August 2, 1996.
10.15 Second Amendment to Lease Agreement between Registrant and
Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company, Inc. for
office/warehouse space. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.24 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the first quarter ending
March 31, 1997 dated May 12, 1997.
10.16 Third Amendment to Lease Agreement between Registrant and
Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company, Inc. for
office/warehouse space. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.24 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the first quarter ending
March 31, 1998 dated April 29, 1998.
10.17 Fourth Amendment to Lease Agreement between Registrant and
Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company, Inc. for
office/warehouse space. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.22 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the second quarter ending
June 30, 1998 dated April 29, 1998.
10.18# License Agreement dated as of September 14, 1998 between
Registrant and The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research
Institute and Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc. Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company's Form 10-Q for
the third quarter ending September 30, 1998 dated November 10,
1998.
10.19 Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of September 14, 1998
between Registrant and Johnson & Johnson Development
Corporation. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the
Company's Form 10-Q for the third quarter ending September 30,
1998 dated November 10, 1998.
10.20 Stockholder's Agreement dated as of September 14, 1998 between
Registrant and Johnson & Johnson Development Corporation.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company's
Form 10-Q for the third quarter ending September 30, 1998
dated November 10, 1998.
23.1 Consent of Independent Auditors.
27.1 Financial Data Schedule.
- ----------
# Confidential treatment granted.
48
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Birmingham,
State of Alabama, on this 29th day of March, 1999.
BIOCRYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
By: /s/Charles E. Bugg
--------------------------------
Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D.
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 this report
has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on March
29th, 1999:
Signature Title(s)
/s/Charles E. Bugg Chairman, Chief Executive Officer
- --------------------------------- and Director
(Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D.)
/s/J. Claude Bennett President, Chief Operating Officer and
- --------------------------------- Director
(J. Claude Bennett, M.D.)
/s/John A. Montgomery Executive Vice President, Secretary,
- -------------------------------- Chief Scientific Officer and Director
(John A. Montgomery, Ph.D.)
/s/Ronald E. Gray Chief Financial Officer (Principal
- -------------------------------- Financial and Accounting Officer)
(Ronald E. Gray)
/s/William W. Featheringill
- --------------------------------
(William W. Featheringill) Director
/s/Edwin A. Gee
- --------------------------------
(Edwin A. Gee, Ph.D.) Director
/s/Zola P. Horovitz
- --------------------------------
(Zola P. Horovitz, Ph.D.) Director
- --------------------------------
(Lindsay A. Rosenwald, M.D.) Director
/s/William M. Spencer, III
- --------------------------------
(William M. Spencer, III) Director
/s/Joseph H. Sherrill, Jr.
- --------------------------------
(Joseph H. Sherrill, Jr.) Director
/s/Randolph C. Steer
- --------------------------------
(Randolph C. Steer, M.D., Ph.D.) Director
49
<PAGE>
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Sequentially
Number Description Numbered Page
3.1 Composite Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the
Company's Form 10-Q for the second quarter ending June
30, 1995 dated August 11, 1995.
3.2 Bylaws of Registrant. Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the second
quarter ending June 30, 1995 dated August 11, 1995.
4.1 See Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 for provisions of the
Composite Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws of
the Registrant defining rights of holders of Common
Stock of the Registrant.
10.1 1991 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the
Company's Form S-8 Registration Statement (Registration
No. 333-30751).
10.2 Form of Notice of Stock Option Grant and Stock Option
Agreement. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2
and 99.3 to the Company's Form S-8 Registration
Statement (Registration No. 33-95062).
10.3 Warehouse Lease dated January 17, 1992 between
Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company and the
Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21
to the Company's Form S-1 Registration Statement
(Registration No. 33-73868).
10.4 Employment Agreement dated December 17, 1996 between
the Registrant and Charles E. Bugg, Ph.D. Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996 dated March
28, 1997.
10.5 Employment Agreement dated December 18, 1996 between
the Registrant and J. Claude Bennett. Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company's Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 1996 dated March 28,
1997.
10.6# License Agreement dated April 15, 1993 between
Ciba-Geigy Corporation (now merged into Novartis) and
the Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.40 to the Company's Form S-1 Registration Statement
(Registration No. 33-73868).
10.7 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 99.4 to the Company's Form S-8 Registration
Statement (Registration No. 33-95062).
10.8 First Amendment to Lease Agreement between Registrant
and Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company, Inc. for
office/warehouse space. Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.21 to the Company's Form 10-K for the year
ending December 31, 1994 dated March 28, 1995.
10.9 Form of Stock Purchase Agreement dated May 1995 between
Registrant and various parties to purchase 1,570,000
shares of common stock. Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.22 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the second
quarter ending June 30, 1995 dated August 11, 1995.
10.10 Form of Registration Rights Agreement dated May 1995
between Registrant and various parties. Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company's Form 10-Q
for the second quarter ending June 30, 1995 dated
August 11, 1995.
10.11 Form of Stock Purchase Agreement dated March 22, 1996
among Registrant and certain investors to purchase
1,000,000 shares of common stock. Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K
dated March 22, 1996.
10.12 Form of Registration Rights Agreement dated March 22,
1996 among Registrant and certain investors.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the
Company's Form 8-K dated March 22, 1996.
10.13# License Agreement, dated May 31, 1996, between
Registrant and Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
("Torii"). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to
the Company's Form 8-K/A dated May 3, 1996 and filed
August 2, 1996.
50
<PAGE>
10.14# Stock Purchase Agreement, dated May 31, 1996, between
Registrant and Torii. Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K/A dated May 3,
1996 and filed August 2, 1996.
10.15 Second Amendment to Lease Agreement between Registrant
and Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company, Inc. for
office/warehouse space. Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.24 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the first
quarter ending March 31, 1997 dated May 12, 1997.
10.16 Third Amendment to Lease Agreement between Registrant
and Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company, Inc. for
office/warehouse space. Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.24 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the first
quarter ending March 31, 1998 dated April 29, 1998.
10.17 Fourth Amendment to Lease Agreement between Registrant
and Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company, Inc. for
office/warehouse space. Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.22 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the second
quarter ending June 30, 1998 dated April 29, 1998.
10.18# License Agreement dated as of September 14, 1998
between Registrant and The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical
Research Institute and Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical,
Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the
Company's Form 10-Q for the third quarter ending
September 30, 1998 dated November 10, 1998.
10.19 Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of September 14, 1998
between Registrant and Johnson & Johnson Development
Corporation. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24
to the Company's Form 10-Q for the third quarter ending
September 30, 1998 dated November 10, 1998.
10.20 Stockholder's Agreement dated as of September 14, 1998
between Registrant and Johnson & Johnson Development
Corporation. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25
to the Company's Form 10-Q for the third quarter ending
September 30, 1998 dated November 10, 1998.
23.1 Consent of Independent Auditors. 52
27.1 Financial Data Schedule. 53
- --------
# Confidential treatment granted.
51
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements
(Forms S-8 No. 33-81110, 33-95062 and 333-30751) pertaining to the BioCryst
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1991 Stock Option Plan of our report dated January 15,
1999, with respect to the financial statements of BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
included in the Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 1998.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Birmingham, Alabama
March 29, 1999
52
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
This schedule contains summary financial information extracted from the BioCryst
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Financial Statements, and is qualified in its entirety by
reference to such financial statements.
</LEGEND>
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> Dec-31-1998
<PERIOD-END> Dec-31-1998
<CASH> 12,311,348
<SECURITIES> 14,700,745
<RECEIVABLES> 0
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 0
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 22,870,828
<PP&E> 3,224,296
<DEPRECIATION> 1,816,516
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 29,100,059
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 1,095,778
<BONDS> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 149,600
<OTHER-SE> 27,532,815
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 29,100,059
<SALES> 0
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 7,625,976
<CGS> 0
<TOTAL-COSTS> 0
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 12,396,071
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 14,986
<INCOME-PRETAX> (4,785,081)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> 0
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (4,785,081)
<EPS-PRIMARY> (.34)
<EPS-DILUTED> (.34)
</TABLE>
