C M LIFE INSURANCE CO
POS AM, 2000-04-04
LIFE INSURANCE
Previous: ECOSCIENCE CORP/DE, 10-K, 2000-04-04
Next: C M LIFE INSURANCE CO, POS AM, 2000-04-04

Reg No. 333-2347


 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 
Washington, DC 20549
 

 
FORM S-2
 
POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 6
TO
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
 

 
C.M. LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
CONNECTICUT
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
06-1041383
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
140 Garden Street
Hartford, Connecticut 06154
(800) 234-5606
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of registrant ’s principal executive offices)
 
Ann F. Lomeli
Secretary
C.M. Life Insurance Company
140 Garden Street
Hartford, CT 06154
(800) 234-5606
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of agent for service)
 

 
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:     May 1, 2000
 
         If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box. x
 


 
C.M. LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
 
Cross Reference Sheet Pursuant
to Regulation S-K, Item 501(b)
 
Form S-2 Item Number and Caption Heading in Prospectus
 
 1.      Forepart of the Registration Statement and Outside Front Cover
Page of Prospectus
     Outside Front Cover Page
 
 2.      Inside Front and Outside Back Cover Pages of Prospectus      Summary; Table of Contents
 
 3.      Summary Information, Risk Factors and Ratio of Earnings to
Fixed Charges
          
Outside Front Cover Page;
Summary
 
 4.      Use of Proceeds      Investments
 
 5.      Determination of Offering Price      Not Applicable
 
 6.      Dilution      Not Applicable
 
 7.      Selling Security Holders      Not Applicable
 
 8.      Plan of Distribution      Distributor of the Contracts
 
 9.      Description of Securities to be Registered      Product Description; Interest Rate
Factor Adjustment Calculation;
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment’s
Applicability on Withdrawal;
Distributor of the Contracts
 
10.      Interest of Named Experts and Counsel      Not Applicable
 
11.      Information with Respect to be Registrant      Description of the Business;
Management’s Discussion and
Analysis; Financial Statements
 
12.      Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference      Not Applicable
 
13.      Disclosure of Commission Position on Indemnification for
Securities Act Liabilities
     Not Applicable
C.M. Life Insurance Company
Fixed Account with Interest Rate Factor Adjustment
 
This prospectus describes the fixed account with interest rate factor adjustment offered by C.M. Life Insurance Company. The fixed account is available as an investment option for owners of the Panorama Plus variable annuity contract (“the contract”). You, the contract owner, may allocate purchase payments or transfer contract values, in accordance with the contract’s transfer rules, to the fixed account. Since the fixed account is available only through the contract, you should carefully review the discussion of the contract contained in the attached prospectus for the contract. We limit the focus of this prospectus to the fixed account’s operations and features.
 
We guarantee specific rates of interest for amounts you allocate to the fixed account for specific periods of time. The interest rate we guarantee for a particular period is an annual effective yield. The guaranteed rates will fluctuate, but we guarantee they will never go below 3%. Our assets, including amounts allocated to the fixed account, are available to meet the guarantees associated with the fixed account. These general account assets are also available to support liabilities arising from other business of the company. You may make purchase payments and transfers of contract value among the fixed account and to the funds in the Panorama Plus contract.
 
If you take a full or partial withdrawal from the fixed account, other than during the window period, the amounts you withdraw are subject to an interest rate factor adjustment. The interest rate factor adjustment may be positive or negative. Therefore, you may experience a negative investment return.
 
Please read this prospectus before investing in the fixed account. You should keep it for future reference. It contains important information.
 
Panorama Plus variable annuity contract prospectus and the prospectus for the funds underlying the Panorama Plus variable annuity contract must accompany this prospectus.
 
 
The SEC has not approved these contracts or determined that this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation that it has is a criminal offense.
 
May 1, 2000
 
Table of Contents
 

       Page
Index of Special Terms      3
 
Product Description      4
 
            General Account      4
            Transfers      5
            Withdrawals      5
            Surrender Charge      5
            Free Withdrawals      5
            Window Period      6
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment
Calculation
     7
 
The Interest Rate Factor
Adjustment’s Applicability on
Withdrawal
     10
 
Investments      11
 
Distribution of Contracts      11
 
Accounting Practices      12
 
Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations
     14
 
            General      14
            Results of Operations      15
            Statement of Financial Position      19
            Liquidity and Capital Resources      21
            Inflation      22
            Investments      22
            Quantitative and Qualitative
           Information about Market Risk
     30
 
Description of the Business      33
 
            Products      33
            Competition      34
            Regulation      34
 
Experts and Additional Available
Information
     36
 
Selected Historical Financial
Data
     36
 
Audited Statutory Financial
Statements
     FF-1

 
2
Table of Contents
 
Index of Special Terms
 
We have tried to make this prospectus as readable and understandable for you as possible. By the very nature of the contract, however, certain technical words or terms are unavoidable. We have identified the following as some of these words or terms. The page that is indicated here is where we believe you will find the best explanation for the word or term.
 
 
       Page
 
General Account      3
 
Guaranteed Interest Rate      3
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment      5
 
Treasury Index Rates      5
 
Window Period      5
 
Index of Special Terms
 
Product Description
 
This prospectus describes a fixed account with interest rate factor adjustment that is available as an investment option with C. M. Life Insurance Company’s Panorama Plus variable annuity contract (“the contract”). You may allocate initial or subsequent purchase payments to the fixed account during the accumulation phase of your contract. You may also transfer your contract value in the funds to the fixed account. Any purchase payments or contract value allocated to the fixed account become part of the C. M. Life Insurance Company’s general account.
 
We have described the contract in more detail in the attached prospectus for the contract. You should review the prospectus for the contract in conjunction with this prospectus before you decide whether to invest in the contract or allocate purchase payments or contract value to the fixed account.
 
General Account
 
The general account is made up of all of our assets except those allocated to separate accounts. General account assets are available to fund the claims of all classes of customers, policy owners, and our other creditors. Interests under the contract relating to the general account are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, (“1933 Act”), as amended, but the general account is not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
 
Contract values in the general account will not share in the investment performance of the general account. Instead, we will pay a specified rate of interest on these values. The interest rate we credit to general account values will vary at our discretion. We guarantee this rate will be at least 3% per year. We may also credit a higher rate of interest at our discretion. You should check with your registered representative or our Annuity Service Center for the availability of the guarantee periods and interest rates we are currently crediting.
 
We do not apply a specific formula in determining the interest rate. Some of the factors we may consider are:
 
Ÿ
general economic trends;
 
Ÿ
rates of return currently available and anticipated on our investments;
 
Ÿ
expected investment yields;
 
Ÿ
regulatory and tax requirements; and
 
Ÿ
competitive factors.
 
The interest we credit to amounts allocated to the general account in excess of 3% per year will be determined at our sole discretion. You assume the risk that the interest we credit on amounts you allocate to the general account may not exceed 3% per year. We currently reset the rate quarterly, but in the future we may reset the rate more or less frequently. You also assume the risk that the withdrawal value of amounts allocated to the general account will be less than your general account value, and less than the net purchase payments you allocated to the general account.
 
We are not obligated to invest amounts allocated to the general account according to any particular strategy, except as may be required by state law. We intend to invest assets of the general account primarily in debt instruments as follows:
 
1.
securities issued by the United States Government or its agencies or instrumentalities. These may or may not be guaranteed by the United States Government;
 
2.
debt securities which have an investment grade, at the time of purchase, within the four highest grades assigned by Moody ’s Investors Service, Inc. (Aaa, Aa, A or Baa), Standard & Poor’s Corporation (AAA, AA, A or BBB), or any other nationally recognized rating service;
 
3.
other debt instruments, including, but not limited to, issues of or guaranteed by banks or bank holding companies and corporations;
 
4.
private placements; and
 
5.
below investment grade debt instruments. Instruments rated below “Baa” and/or “BBB” normally involve a higher risk of default and are less liquid than higher rated instruments.
 
We may use a “segregated account” within our general account in connection with the general account contract values. Nevertheless, you do not share in the investment performance of that segregated account or any other portion of our assets. Accordingly, in contrast to the Panorama Plus Separate Account, there are no “units” or calculation of “unit values” to measure the investment performance of the general account.
 
Any contract value that you withdraw from the general account may be subject to an interest rate factor adjustment, as well as a surrender charge. Therefore, withdrawal proceeds may be less than your purchase payments. We may also apply the interest rate factor adjustment to your value in the general account that you apply to variable annuity income payments during the income phase of your contract. The interest rate factor adjustment does not apply to contracts we issue to Pennsylvania residents.
 
Transfers
 
You may transfer contract value to, or from, the general account and/or funds, within certain limits during the accumulation phase of your contract. Please refer to the attached prospectus for the contract for more information regarding transfers.
 
Withdrawals
 
Unless you instruct us otherwise, we will take any partial withdrawal proportionally from your contract value in the funds and the general account. The minimum amount that you may withdraw from the separate account or general account is $100. We require that after you make a partial withdrawal you keep at least $250 in the contract. Partial withdrawals are subject to a surrender charge.
 
When you make a total withdrawal you will receive your contract value:
 
Ÿ
less any applicable surrender charge;
 
Ÿ
less any applicable premium tax;
 
Ÿ
less any contract maintenance fee; and
 
Ÿ
less any purchase payments we credited to your contract that have not cleared the bank, until they clear the bank.
 
We also apply an interest rate factor adjustment to partial and full withdrawals from your value in the general account, unless you make the withdrawal during the window period.
 
We will allocate any surrender charge or contract maintenance fee imposed on withdrawal among the general account and the funds in the same manner (pro rata) as the contract value subject to withdrawal is allocated among the general account and the funds. For contracts issued to Pennsylvania residents, the contract maintenance fee will be allocated pro rata among the funds.
 
You assume the entire investment risk with respect to purchase payments and transfers allocated to the funds and certain risks with respect to amounts allocated to the general account. Since withdrawals from the general account may be subject to a surrender charge and an interest rate factor adjustment, a contract maintenance fee and possibly premium taxes, the total amount we pay you upon a full withdrawal of your contract may be more or less than your total purchase payments.
 
Surrender Charge
 
We do not deduct a sales charge when we receive a purchase payment. However, if you withdraw all of or any part of the contract value during the first 5 contract years, we may assess a surrender charge on the amount that you withdraw that exceeds the free withdrawal amount. The surrender charge is 5% of the amount withdrawn. We use this charge to cover certain expenses relating to the sale of the contract. We will deduct any surrender charge as of the business day we receive your written request.
 
If you withdraw:
 
Ÿ
from more than one investment choice, we will deduct the surrender charge proportionately from the amounts remaining in the investment choice(s) you elected.
 
Ÿ
the total value from an investment choice, we will deduct the surrender charge proportionately from amounts remaining in the investment choices that still have value.
 
Ÿ
your entire contract value, we will deduct the surrender charge from the contract value. You will receive a check for the net amount.
 
Free Withdrawals
 
Beginning in the second contract year, you may withdraw an amount without incurring a surrender charge or an interest rate factor adjustment. The maximum you may withdraw without penalty is 10% of your contract value as of the end of the previous contract year. You may take this 10% in multiple withdrawals each contract year.
 
Window Period
 
The window period is the last 30 days of each 5-year period during which you have contract value in the general account. During this window period, you may withdraw or transfer to any fund, part or all of your contract value in the general account without incurring a surrender charge or an interest rate factor adjustment. During the window period you may also withdraw all or part of your contract value in the separate account without incurring a surrender charge.
 
6
Product Description
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment Calculation
 
Except during the window period or on free withdrawal amounts, we will apply an interest rate factor adjustment:
 
Ÿ
to any amount that you partially or fully withdraw from the general account during the accumulation phase, or
 
Ÿ
to any amount from the general account that you apply to a variable annuity option at the beginning of the income phase.
 
We base the interest rate factor adjustment on the interest rates payable on U.S. Treasury securities. This means that generally, if rates on U.S. Treasury securities are higher when you withdraw than when you made the payment, a negative adjustment will be applied to the amount you withdraw. This could result in your receiving an amount lower than the amount of your purchase payment(s). If rates on U.S. Treasury securities are lower when you withdraw than when you made the payment, a positive adjustment will be applied to the amount you withdraw. This could result in your receiving an amount higher than the amount of your purchase payment(s).
 
The interest rate factor adjustment will reflect the relationship between:
 
1.
the weighted average of U.S. Treasury Index Rates corresponding to aggregate purchase payments and transfers into the general account during the current five-year period (as adjusted for partial withdrawals or transfers out of the general account),
 
2.
the U.S. Treasury Index Rate which would be applicable during the time remaining in the current five-year period on the date of the withdrawal, and
 
3.
the time remaining in the current five-year period.
 
In general, if the weighted average of U.S. Treasury Index Rates corresponding to purchase payments and transfers during the current five-year period is lower than the U.S. Treasury Index Rate which would be applicable during the time remaining in the current five-year period, then the application of the interest rate factor adjustment will result in a lower payment upon withdrawal.
 
We do not apply the interest rate factor adjustment during the window period or to free withdrawal amounts. Also, we do not apply the interest rate factor adjustment to contracts we issue to Pennsylvania residents.
 
The partial withdrawal interest rate factor adjustment formula is:
 
(1   –  1/IRF)  ×   (GAPW  –  GAF  +   GAPSC) = IRFA.
 
If you make a partial withdrawal, we do not apply an interest rate factor adjustment if the general account free withdrawal amount exceeds the general account portion of the partial withdrawal.
 
The full withdrawal interest rate factor adjustment formula is:
 
(IRF   -  1)  ×  (GAFW   –  GAF) = IRFA.
 
Where:
 
(GAPW) is the general account Partial Withdrawal Amount.
 
(GAFW) is the general account Full Withdrawal Amount.
 
(GAF) is the general account Free Withdrawal Amount.
 
(GAPSC) is the general account portion of the Partial Surrender Charge Amount determined as follows:
 
GAPSC   =  (GAPW  –   GAF)  ×  5%/95%, but not less than zero.
 
(IRF) is the Interest Rate Factor.
 
(IRFA) is the Interest Rate Factor Adjustment.
 
The interest rate factor is determined by the following formula:
 
(1   +  Ta) (N/12) = IRF
 

(1.003   +  Tb) (N/12)
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment Calculation
 
Where:
 
(Ta) is the weighted average of the U.S. Treasury Index Rates which correspond to the purchase payments and/or transfers allocated to the general account during the current five-year period.
 
We determine the U.S. Treasury Index Rate corresponding to each such allocation by the number of full years and fractions thereof (but not less than 1 year) remaining from the date of the allocation until the end of the current five-year period. For purposes of determining the average of these rates, each U.S. Treasury Index Rate is weighted by the amount of the corresponding allocation (as adjusted to reflect any partial withdrawal and/or transfers from the general account subsequent to such allocation). We will treat the general account balance at the beginning of any five-year period as a new allocation for purposes of this calculation.
 
We shall adjust each allocation made prior to a partial withdrawal and/or transfer from the general account (other than the current withdrawal) by multiplying such allocation by the following fraction:
 
1   –  PW/GAB
 
Where:
 
(PW) is the amount of the partial withdrawal and/or transfer from the general account made subsequent to the allocation,
 
(GAB) is the beginning general account balance on the date of the partial withdrawal and/or transfer from the general account,
 
We will calculate a separate adjustment for each prior partial withdrawal and/or transfer from the general account.
 
(Tb) is the U.S. Treasury Index Rate with a maturity equal to the number of full years and fractions thereof (but not less than 1 year) remaining in the current five-year period on the date of the partial or full withdrawal,
 
(N) is the number of whole months remaining in the current five-year period as of the date of the partial or full withdrawal (rounded down),
 
1.003 builds into the formula a factor representing our direct and indirect costs associated with liquidating general account assets in order to satisfy withdrawal requests or to begin making annuity income payments (to the extent the general account balance is applied to purchase a variable annuity). We have added this adjustment of .30% to the denominator of the formula because we anticipate that a substantial portion (more than half) of applicable general account portfolio assets will be in relatively illiquid private placement securities. Thus, in addition to direct transaction costs, if we must sell such securities (e.g., because of withdrawals), the market price may be lower because they are not registered securities. Accordingly, even if interest rates decline, there will not be a positive adjustment until this factor is overcome, and then any adjustment will be lower than otherwise, to compensate for this factor. Similarly, if interest rates rise, any negative adjustment will be greater than otherwise, to compensate for this factor. If interest rates stay the same, this factor will result in a small but negative interest rate factor adjustment.
 
(IRF) is the interest rate factor.
 
Examples
 
The following examples illustrate the calculation of the interest rate factor and the interest rate factor adjustment.
 
In the following examples, we apply the interest rate factor adjustment formula so as to produce only positive numbers, which we then add to, or subtract from, the withdrawal proceeds for full general account balance withdrawals, or the remaining general account balance for partial general account balance withdrawals. For example, if the interest rate factor is .7, then the interest rate factor adjustment calculation illustrated below will show 1-.7, rather than .7-1, to result in a positive number.
 
For examples 1 and 2, assume no change in interest rates.
 
1)
Assume a $50,000 general account balance at the beginning of the second five-year period, and a full withdrawal at that time.
8
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment Calculation
 
Also, assume the U.S. Treasury Index Rate at that time is 7%.
 
THEN: IRF = (1.07) (5)  = .9861
 

(1.073) (5)
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment
[deducted from proceeds] =
 
(1 - .9861) × ($50,000 - $5,000) = $625.50.
 
2)
Assume a $50,000 general account balance at the beginning of the tenth contract year with a full withdrawal at that time.
 
Also, assume the U.S. Treasury Index Rate remains at 7% for all maturities.
 
THEN: IRF = 1.07 = .9972
 

1.073
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment
[deducted from proceeds] =
 
(1 - .9972) × ($50,000 - $5,000) = $126.00.
 
For examples 3 and 4, assume a general account balance of $50,000 at the beginning of the seventh contract year.
 
3)
Assume a full withdrawal at the beginning of the seventh contract year:
 
a)
Assume that the beginning U.S. Treasury Index Rate was 7%, and the current U.S. Treasury Index Rate is 5.40%.
 
(This is a decrease in rates of 1.60%). Then the IRF = 1.05
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment [added to products] =
 
(1.05 - 1) × ($50,000 - $5,000) = $2,250.
 
Thus, the actual amount of withdrawal proceeds paid = $50,000 + $2,250 - $30 = $52,220.
 
Note: The contract maintenance fee ($30) applies to full withdrawals.
 
b)
Assume that the beginning U.S. Treasury Index Rate was 7%, and the current U.S. Treasury Index Rate is 8.08%.
 
(This is an increase in rates of 1.08%).
Then the IRF = .95
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment
[deducted from proceeds] =
 
(1 - .95) × ($50,000 - $5,000) = $2,250.
 
Thus, the actual amount of withdrawal proceeds paid = $50,000 - $2,250 - $30 = $47,720.
 
Note: The contract maintenance fee ($30) applies to full withdrawals.
 
4)
Assume a partial withdrawal of $10,000 at the beginning of the seventh contract year:
 
a)
Assume that the beginning U.S. Treasury Index Rate was 7%, and the current U.S. Treasury Index Rate is 5.40%.
 
(This is a decrease in rates of 1.60%). Then the IRF = 1.05
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment =
 
{       1    }   
1  -                 × ($10,000 - $5,000) = $238.10.
     1.05   
 
Thus, the general account balance would be reduced by $10,000 - $238.10 = $9,761.90.
 
b)
Assume that the beginning U.S. Treasury Index Rate was 7%, and the current U.S. Treasury Index Rate is 8.08%.
 
(This is an increase in rates of 1.08%). Then the IRF = .95
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment =
 
{       1    }   
1  -              × ($10,000 - $5,000) = $263.16.
     .95   
 
 
Thus, the general account balance would be increased by $10,000 + $263.16 = $10,263.16.
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment Calculation
 
The Interest Rate Factor Adjustment’s Applicability on Withdrawal
 
The following examples illustrate the impact of the interest rate factor adjustment together with the surrender charge on withdrawal proceeds. For examples 1 and 2, assume a general account balance of $50,000 at the beginning of the second contract year.
 
1)
Assume a full withdrawal at the beginning of the second contract year.
 
a)
Assume that the beginning U.S. Treasury Index Rate was 7%, and the current U.S. Treasury Index Rate is 4.18%.
 
(This is a decrease in rates of 2.82%). Then the IRF = 1.10
 
Surrender Charge =
($50,000  - $5,000) .05 = $2,250
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment =
(1.10  - 1) × ($50,000 - $5,000) = $4,500
 
Thus, the actual amount of withdrawal proceeds paid =
$50,000  - $2,250 + $4,500 - $30 = $52,220
 
Note: The contract maintenance fee ($30) applies to full withdrawals.
 
b)
Assume that the beginning U.S. Treasury Index Rate was 7%, and the current U.S. Treasury Index Rate is 9.56%.
 
(This is an increase in rates of 2.56%). Then the IRF = .9
 
Surrender Charge =
($50,000  - $5,000) × .05 = $2,250
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment =
(1  - .9) × ($50,000 - $5,000) = $4,500
 
Thus, the actual amount of withdrawal proceeds paid =
$50,000  - $2,250 - $4,500 - $30 = $43,220
 
Note: The contract maintenance fee ($30) applies to full withdrawals.
 
2)
Assume a partial withdrawal of $10,000 at the beginning of the second contract year.
 
a)
Assume that the beginning U.S. Treasury Index Rate was 7%, and the current U.S. Treasury Index Rate is 4.18%.
 
(This is a decrease in rates of 2.82%.) Then the IRF = 1.10
 
Surrender Charge =
($10,000  - $5,000) × .05/.95 = $263.16.
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment =
 
{       1    }   
1  -                 × ($10,000 - $5,000) = $478.47
     1.10   
 
Thus, the general account balance will be reduced by:
 
$10,000 + $263.16 - $478.47 = $9,784.69
 
b)
Assume that the beginning U.S. Treasury Index Rate was 7%, and the current U.S. Treasury Index Rate is 9.56%.
 
(This is an increase in rates of 2.56%.) Then the IRF = .90
 
Surrender Charge =
($10,000  - $5,000) × .05/.95 = $263.16
 
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment =
 
(1  - 1.90) × ($10,000 - $5,000 + $263.16) = $584.80
 
Thus, the general account balance will be reduced by:
 
$10,000 + $263.16 + $584.80 = $10,847.96
10
Interest Rate Factor Adjustment’s Applicability on Withdrawal
 
 
Investments
 
 
We must invest our general account assets in accordance with the requirements established by applicable state laws regarding the nature and quality of investments that may be made by life insurance companies and the percentage of their assets that may be committed to any particular type of investment. In general, these laws permit investments, within specified limits and subject to certain qualifications, in federal, state, and municipal obligations, corporate bonds, preferred and common stocks, real estate mortgages, real estate, and certain other investments.
 
We will allocate proceeds from the fixed account to a non-unitized segment of our general account, which is organized as a separate account for accounting purposes. We will use proceeds to fund our obligations under the contract and amounts not required to fund such obligations may accrue to us as profit. Obligations under the contract are also met through the operation of the divisions to which a contract owner has allocated accumulated value. All of our general account assets are available to meet the contract guarantees.
 
In establishing guaranteed rates, we take into account the yields available on the instruments in which we intend to invest the proceeds from the contracts. Our investment strategy with respect to the proceeds attributable to allocations made to the fixed account will generally be to invest in investment-grade debt instruments having durations tending to match the applicable guarantee periods.
Distribution of Contracts
MML Distributors, LLC (“MML Distributors”) serves as principal underwriter for the contracts. MML Investors Services, Inc. (“MMLISI”) serves as co-underwriter for the contracts. Their purpose as underwriters is to distribute the contracts. MML Distributors and MMLISI are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ( “MassMutual”). Both are located at 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013.
 
We will pay commissions to broker-dealers who sell the contracts. Commissions are a
 
combination percentage of purchase payments and contract value. Currently, we pay an amount up to 4.5% of purchase payments. In addition, we pay a maximum commission of .50% of contract values each contract year.
 
From time-to-time, MML Distributors may enter into special arrangements with certain broker-dealers. These special arrangements may provide for the payment of higher compensation to such broker-dealers for selling the contracts.
 
 
Investments/Distribution of the Contracts
 
Accounting Practices
 
We have prepared the accompanying statutory financial information, in conformity with the practices of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) and the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Connecticut Insurance Department (“statutory accounting practices ”).
 
The accompanying statutory financial statements are different in some respects from financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP ”). The more significant differences are as follows:
 
(a)
acquisition costs, such as commissions and other costs directly related to acquiring new business, are charged to current operations as incurred, whereas GAAP would require these expenses to be capitalized and recognized over the life of the policies;
 
(b)
statutory policy reserves are based upon the commissioners’ reserve valuation methods and statutory mortality, morbidity, and interest assumptions, whereas GAAP reserves would generally be based upon net level premium and estimated gross margin methods and appropriately conservative estimates of future mortality, morbidity, and interest assumptions;
 
(c)
bonds are generally carried at amortized cost whereas GAAP generally requires they be reported at fair value;
 
(d)
deferred income taxes are not provided for book-tax timing differences as would be required by GAAP; and
 
(e)
payments received for universal and variable life products and variable annuities are reported as premium income and changes in reserves, whereas under GAAP, these payments would be recorded as deposits to policyholders’ account balances.
 
We record our investments in accordance with rules established by the NAIC. Generally, we value:
 
Ÿ
bonds at amortized cost, using the interest method,
 
Ÿ
mortgage loans at unpaid principal net of unamortized premium or discount,
 
Ÿ
other investments include holdings in affiliated mutual funds at fair value and preferred stocks at cost,
 
Ÿ
policy loans at the outstanding loan balance less amounts unsecured by the cash surrender value of the policy, and
 
Ÿ
short-term investments at amortized cost.
 
We develop reserves for life insurance contracts using accepted actuarial methods computed principally on the net level premium, the Commissioners’ Reserve Valuation Method and the California Method bases using the 1980 Commissioners’ Standard Ordinary mortality tables with assumed interest rates ranging from 2.50 to 4.50 percent.
 
We develop reserves for individual annuities based on accepted actuarial methods at interest rates ranging from 6.25 to 9.00 percent.
 
Provision for federal income taxes is based upon our estimate of our tax liability. No deferred tax effect is recognized for temporary differences that may exist between financial reporting and taxable income. Accordingly, the reporting of miscellaneous temporary differences, such as reserves and policy acquisition costs, resulted in effective tax rates which differ from the statutory tax rate.
 
We maintain an Asset Valuation Reserve (“AVR”) and an Interest Maintenance Reserve (“IMR”), in compliance with regulatory requirements. The AVR and other investment reserves stabilize surplus against fluctuations in the value of stocks and bonds. The IMR defers after-tax realized capital gains and losses that result from changes in the overall level of interest rates, for all types of fixed income investments and interest related hedging activities. These interest related capital gains and losses are amortized into net investment income using the grouped method over the remaining life of the investment sold or over the remaining life of the underlying asset.
 
In March 1998, the NAIC adopted the Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles (“Codification”). Codification provides a comprehensive guide of statutory accounting principles for use by insurers in all states and is expected to become effective not later than January 1, 2001. We will report the effect of adopting Codification as an adjustment to shareholder’s equity on the effective date. We are currently reviewing the impact of Codification, however, due to the nature of certain required accounting changes and their sensitivity to factors such as interest rates, we can not determine at this time the actual impact of adoption.
 
The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements. We must also make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Future events, including changes in the levels of mortality, morbidity, interest rates, persistency, and asset valuations, could cause our actual results to differ from the estimates we used in the financial statements.
 
Accounting Practices
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
General
 
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the audited Statutory Financial Statements, Notes to Statutory Financial Statements, and Selected Historical Financial Data. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis reviews our financial condition at December 31, 1999 and 1998, our results of operations for the past three years and, where appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance.
 
Together with our parent, Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ( “MassMutual”) and its subsidiaries, we comprise a growth-oriented, diversified financial services company that seeks to provide superior value for policyholders and other customers by achieving exceptional results. We are in the business of helping our customers achieve financial success while protecting their families and businesses. We are committed to maintaining a position of preeminent financial strength by achieving consistent and long-term profitable growth. This will be done by:
 
Ÿ
developing and distributing a broad and superior portfolio of innovative financial products and services,
 
Ÿ
sophisticated asset/liability management,
 
Ÿ
rigorous expense control,
 
Ÿ
prudent underwriting standards,
 
Ÿ
the adoption of efforts to improve persistency and retention levels, and
 
Ÿ
continued commitment to the high credit quality of our general account investment portfolio.
 
At December 31, 1999, we had $3.2 billion in total statutory assets, over 200,000 individual policyholders and $56.7 billion of direct individual life insurance in force. Our total adjusted capital, as defined by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”), was $116 million at December 31, 1999.
 
The following table sets forth the calculation of total adjusted capital:
 
       December 31,
       1999
     1998
     1997
       (In  Millions)
Shareholder’s equity      $   95      $141      $113
Asset valuation reserve      21      22      23
     
  
  
Total adjusted capital (1)      $116      $163      $136
     
  
  
 
(1)
Defined by the NAIC as surplus plus AVR.
 
Objective testimony to our strong performance and market position is reflected in our ratings, which at year-end 1999 were again among the highest enjoyed by any company in any industry. Our, and MassMutual’s, AAA financial strength rating from Standard & Poor’s, A++ (Superior) financial strength rating from A.M. Best, and AAA claims-paying rating from Duff & Phelps were the highest possible. Our, and MassMutual ’s, Aa1 financial strength rating from Moody’s Investors Service was the highest in its “Excellent” category. Each rating agency independently assigns ratings based on its own separate review and takes into account a variety of factors, which are subject to change, in making its decision. Accordingly, there can be no assurance of the ratings that will be afforded us in the future.
 
Forward-Looking Information
 
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “Safe harbor” for forward-looking statements which are identified as such and are accompanied by the identification of important factors which could cause a material difference from the forward-looking statements.
 
Certain information contained in this discussion is or may be considered forward-looking. Forward-looking statements are those not based on historical information, but rather, related to future operations, strategies, financial results, or other developments, and contain terms such as “may,” “expects,” “should,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates, ” “projects,” “goals,” “objectives, ” or similar expressions.
 
Forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and assumptions. These statements may change due to the business uncertainties, economic uncertainties, competitive uncertainties, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. Additionally, our business decisions are also subject to change. We do not publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise.
 
Results of Operations
 

The following table sets forth the components of our net income (loss):

       Years  Ended December 31,
       1999
     1998
     1997
     %  Change
99 vs 98

     %  Change
98 vs 97

       ($  In Millions)
Revenue:                         
Premium income      $   939        $     406        $     331      131 %      23 %
Net investment income      85        82        75      4        9  
Fees and other income      8        6        8      33        (25 )
     
     
     
  
     
  
           Total revenue      1,032        494        414      109        19  
     
     
     
  
     
  
Benefits and expenses:                         
Policyholders’ benefits and payments      332        185        100      79        85  
Addition to policyholders’ reserves and funds      519        168        200      NM        (16 )
Commissions      82        50        34      64        47  
Operating expenses, state taxes, licenses and fees      132        80        53      65        51  
     
     
     
  
     
  
           Total benefits and expenses       1,065            483            387          120             25  
     
     
     
  
     
  
Net gain (loss) from operations before federal income
taxes
     (33 )      11        27      NM        (59 )
Federal income taxes      2        7        19      (71 )      (63 )
     
     
     
  
     
  
Net gain (loss) from operations      (35 )      4        8      NM        (50 )
Net realized capital loss      (9 )      (1 )      -      NM        -  
     
     
     
  
     
  
           Net income (loss)      $     (44 )      $         3        $         8      NM %      (63 )%
     
     
     
  
     
  
 
NM = not meaningful or in excess of 200%.
 
 
Net income decreased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to the continued growth in our annuity business, as well as increases in the amount of life insurance in force. This growth has caused a significant increase in acquisition and related costs, which generally exceed first year premiums
 
on new business. Generally, the result of this growth is increased policyholders’ benefits and payments, addition to policyholders’ reserves and funds, commissions and expenses, partially offset by increased premium income.
 
 
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
 
Selected premium and life insurance information is presented below:
     Years  Ended December 31,
     1999
   1998
   1997
   %  Change
99 vs 98

   %  Change
98 vs 97

     ($  In Millions)
Premium Income:               
Term life    $       26    $       27    $       21    (4 )%    29 %
Universal, variable & corporate owned life    283    171    138    65      24  
Annuities and supplementary contracts    694    261    214    166      22  
Other    -    6    5    (100 )    20  
     
  
  
  
     
  
           Total direct premiums    1,003    465    378    116      23  
Reinsurance ceded    64    59    47    8      26  
     
  
  
  
     
  
            Total    $     939    $     406    $     331    131 %    23 %
     
  
  
  
     
  
Life Insurance Sales Face Amount:               
Term life    $   1,611    $   3,165    $   1,886    (49 )%    68 %
Universal, variable & corporate owned life    11,720    11,698    11,335    -      3  
     
  
  
  
     
  
Total direct sales    13,331    14,863    13,221    (10 )    12  
Reinsurance ceded    10,886    10,638    11,660    2      (9 )
     
  
  
  
     
  
            Total    $   2,445    $   4,225    $   1,561    (42 )%    171 %
     
  
  
  
     
  
Life Insurance In Force Face Amount:               
Term life    $10,216    $10,040    $   8,117    2 %    24 %
Universal, variable & corporate owned life    46,492    37,049    28,031    25      32  
     
  
  
  
     
  
           Total direct in-force    56,708    47,089    36,148    20      30  
Reinsurance ceded    35,004    27,665    18,127    27      53  
     
  
  
  
     
  
            Total    $21,704    $19,424    $18,021    12 %    8 %
     
  
  
  
     
  
 
     (In Whole Units)
Number of Policies In Force:               
Term life    25,252    25,262    21,815    -      16 %
Universal, variable & corporate owned life    155,237    134,422    114,979    15 %    17  
Annuities    37,279    30,745    28,143    21      9  
     
  
  
  
     
  
            Total    217,768    190,429    164,937          14 %          15 %
     
  
  
  
     
  
 
Premium income increased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to increases in premiums of universal life, variable life and variable annuity products. The increase in premiums for life insurance products is largely attributable to continued growth in the in force of universal life products; the redesign of an existing variable universal life product and the issuance of a new variable universal life product in 1999; and the introduction of two new life products in 1998. Variable annuity premiums have increased primarily due to adding new fund options on existing products and the introduction of two new annuity products.
 
Our business mix has shifted as a result of increasing sales of annuity products. Universal and other life products comprised 26% of total premium income during 1999, compared to 36% in 1998. Annuity products were 74% of total premium income in 1999, compared to 64% in 1998.
 
16
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
The components of net investment income are set forth in the table below:
 
     Years  Ended December 31,
     1999
   1998
   1997
   %  Change
99 vs 98

   %  Change
98 vs 97

     ($  In Millions)
Gross Investment Income:
            Bonds    $51      $48      $53      6 %    (9 )%
           Mortgage loans    13      8      5      63      60  
           Other investments    7      10      4      (30 )    150  
           Policy loans    10      12      11      (17 )    9  
           Cash and short-term investments    6      6      4      -      50  
     
     
     
     
     
  
           Total gross investment income    87      84      77      4      9  
           Less: Investment expenses    (2 )    (2 )    (2 )    -      -  
     
     
     
     
     
  
Net investment income    $85      $82      $75      4 %    9 %
     
     
     
     
     
  
 
Net investment income increased in 1999 due to a 10% increase in average invested assets partially offset by a decrease in the gross yield for the investment portfolio to 7.4% in 1999 from 7.9% in 1998. Net investment income increased in 1998 due to an 8% increase in average invested assets and an increase in the gross yield for the investment portfolio to 7.9% in 1998 from 7.6% in 1997.
 
The increase in 1999 in gross investment income from bonds is due to increased investment levels, while yields stayed steady. The decrease in 1998 gross investment income from bonds is due to declines in portfolio yields partially offset by increased assets invested. Bond yields declined in 1998 as older, higher yielding bonds matured and were replaced with bonds that had lower yields. The increase in income from mortgage loans in 1999 and 1998 is due to an increase in the size of the mortgage portfolio caused by our strategy to increase mortgage acquisition activity.
 
The decrease in gross investment income on other investments in 1999 resulted primarily from decreased investments in affiliated mutual fund common stock and the receipt of an extraordinary dividend from an affiliated mutual fund in 1998.
 
The increase in other investments gross investment income in 1998 is primarily due to increased investment in financial options as a result of favorable market conditions and the 1998 extraordinary dividend received from an affiliated mutual fund. Fluctuations in market conditions will impact future investment results.
 
 
The components of fees and other income are set forth in the table below:
 
       Years  Ended December 31,
       1999
     1998
     1997
     %  Change
99 vs 98

     %  Change
98 vs 97

       ($  In Millions)
Fees      $23        $14        $11        64 %      27 %
Commission and expense allowance on
reinsurance ceded
     10        13        14        (23 )      (7 )
Reserve adjustment on reinsurance ceded       (25 )       (21 )       (17 )      (19 )      (24 )
     
     
     
     
     
  
           Total fees and other income      $   8        $   6        $   8        33 %      (25 )%
     
     
     
     
     
  
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
Fees increased in 1999 and 1998 due to increases in fees collected from separate accounts as a result of increased variable life and variable annuity sales. In 1999 and 1998 we experienced decreases in commissions and expense allowances on reinsurance ceded and increases in the reserve adjustment on reinsurance ceded as a result of credits we received on our modified coinsurance agreement with MassMutual.
 
The primary driver of the $147 million increase in policyholders ’ benefits and payments in 1999 from 1998 and $85 million increase in 1998 from 1997 was surrender benefits on individual annuity products and a $33 million 1999 surrender of one large corporate owned life insurance contract holder. Individual annuity surrenders increased $99 million, or 44%, during 1999 and $84 million, or 66%, during 1998 with the majority of the withdrawals coming from separate accounts. We believe this increased rate of individual annuity surrenders is primarily due to two factors: 1) the investment fund options currently offered with our annuity products use a “value” based investment philosophy that has temporarily fallen out of favor when compared to other investment options, such as “growth ” funds, due to recent market conditions and, 2) a natural increase in the dollar amount of surrenders as business growth causes a higher level of annuity customer account values. Though it is not known if an increased level of surrenders will continue, we have and are taking steps that we believe will reduce surrender activity by enhancing product offerings through the addition of new fund options and other product features. Life insurance surrenders increased $3 million during both 1999 and 1998. The life insurance lapse rate, which is based upon the amount of insurance in force, increased to 7.9% for 1999 from 6.7% in 1998 and 6.5% in 1997. Death claims, net of reinsurance, increased $11 million, or 47%, to $35 million in 1999 compared to a decrease of $2 million, or 11%, in 1998. This increase was primarily due to unfavorable direct mortality experience in 1999 compared to 1998, partially offset by favorable reinsurance recoveries.
 
Addition to policyholders’ reserves and funds includes transfers to and from the separate accounts, based upon policyholder elections, and the change in general account reserves. The increase during 1999 is primarily attributable to a $330 million increase in separate account deposits, partially offset by a $109 million increase in separate account withdrawals and other transfers. The decrease during 1998 was primarily due to a $70 million increase in separate account withdrawals, partially offset by a $44 million increase in separate account deposits. General account reserves also increased by $118 million in 1999 and $20 million in 1998, primarily due to an increase in annuity deposits into the general account.
 
Commissions increased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to increases in sales of annuities and life insurance. Life insurance commissions increased $21 million in 1999 and $11 million in 1998, while annuity products contributed increases of $11 million in 1999 and $6 million in 1998. The overall decrease in commissions as a percentage of sales is due to the shift in sales mix to annuity products, which have lower commission rates than life products.
 
The increase in operating expenses, state taxes, licenses, and fees during 1999 and 1998 is primarily attributable to the increased production of new business that resulted in increased management fees. Management fees charged by MassMutual include increases in agency allowances associated with business growth. The growth in these expenses is consistent with our premium growth.
 
The decrease in federal income taxes during 1999 and 1998 is primarily attributable to the declining net gain (loss) from operations before federal income taxes, partially offset by the difference between statutory insurance reserves and tax reserves and the timing of the tax deductibility of acquisition costs and other items.
18
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
Net realized capital gains (losses) were comprised of the following:
 

     Years Ended December 31,
     1999
   1998
   1997
   % Change
99 vs 98

   % Change
98 vs 97

     ($ In Millions)
Realized capital gains (losses):               
            Bonds    $   (3 )    $4      $3      (175 )%    33 %
           Mortgage loans    -      (1 )    -      100      NM  
           Other investments    (7 )    1      -      NM      NM  
           Federal and state taxes    -      (2 )    (1 )    100      (100 )
     
     
     
     
     
  
           Net realized capital gains (losses) before deferral into
           IMR
    (10 )    2      2      NM      -  
           Gains (losses) deferred into IMR    1       (3 )     (2 )    133      (50 )
     
     
     
     
     
  
Net realized capital losses    $   (9 )    $(1 )    $-      NM %    NM %
     
     
     
     
     
  

NM = Not meaningful or in excess of 200%.
 
We attribute the increase in 1999 realized capital losses after transfers to the IMR, primarily to losses from investments in affiliated mutual funds, and credit related losses from the sale of bonds.
We attribute the increase in 1998 net realized capital losses after transfers to the IMR, primarily to credit related mortgage loan losses, which are not transferred to the IMR.
 
 
Statement of Financial Position
 
The following table sets forth our more significant assets, liabilities and shareholder’s equity:
 
       Years Ended December 31,
       1999
     1998
     % Change
       ($ In Millions)
Assets:               
            Bonds      $   735      $   683      8 %
           Mortgage loans      225      126      79  
           Other investments      26      76      (66 )
           Policy loans      121      150      (19 )
           Cash and short-term investments      182      106      72  
     
  
  
  
                      Total investments      1,289      1,141      13  
           Other assets      100      71      41  
     
  
  
  
           1,389      1,212      15  
           Separate account assets      1,764      1,319      34  
     
  
  
  
                      Total assets      $3,153      $2,531      25 %
     
  
  
  
Liabilities and shareholder’s equity:               
Policyholders’ reserves and funds      $1,176      $   996      18 %
Asset valuation and other investment reserves      23      24      (4 )
           Other liabilities      95      51      86  
     
  
  
  
           1,294      1,071      21  
           Separate account liabilities      1,764      1,319      34  
     
  
  
  
                      Total liabilities      3,058      2,390      28  
Shareholder’s equity      95      141      (33 )
     
  
  
  
                      Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity      $3,153      $2,531      25 %
     
  
  
  
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
Assets
 
Total assets at December 31, 1999, increased by $622 million, from December 31, 1998. We attribute this increase primarily to continued growth in our separate accounts, as the result of continued growth in deposits of variable products, partially offset by withdrawals.
 
General account assets increased $177 million, or 15%, to $1,389 million as of December 31, 1999, from $1,212 million as of December 31, 1998. We attribute this increase primarily to increases in mortgage loans, bonds and cash and short-term investments, partially offset by a reduction in other investments. These increases in investments were primarily the result of our continued growth and the investment of cash flow generated by our operations.
 
The increase in bonds during 1999 includes $475 million in purchases and $423 million of maturities and sales proceeds. There was a slight change in the mix of bonds at December 31, 1999, compared with December 31, 1998. Bond investments in U.S. Treasury and other government holdings increased to 12% of the total portfolio as of December 31, 1999, from 10% as of December 31, 1998. Mortgage-backed securities dropped from 8% to 7% and corporate debt securities dropped from 77% to 76% of the portfolio in 1999 and 1998, respectively. Bonds and short-term securities in NAIC classes 1 and 2 were 64% of general account invested assets at December 31, 1999, as compared to 61% at December 31, 1998. The percentage of our general account invested assets representing bonds and short-term investments in NAIC classes 3 through 6 was 6% at December 31, 1999, and 8% at December 31, 1998. See “Investments” section for more discussion of NAIC investment classes.
 
The increase in mortgage loans is primarily attributed to a continuation of our strategy of increasing our investments in mortgage loans due to favorable market conditions. For the year ended December 31, 1999, $130 million of new loans were issued and $31 million was received on outstanding accounts.
 
Other investments consisting of financial options, interest rate caps and floors, preferred stocks, and affiliated common stocks decreased during 1999 primarily due to the reduction of affiliated common stock. This decrease in affiliated common stock was driven by a $51 million withdrawal of seed money from affiliated mutual funds. The seed money was an investment used to fund the creation of new mutual funds.
 
Policy loans decreased during 1999 primarily due to a large surrender in late 1999 of a corporate owned life policy with an outstanding policy loan of $33 million.
 
The increase in other assets is due primarily to a $25 million increase in transfers due from the separate accounts. Transfers due from separate accounts represents policyholders’ account values in excess of statutory benefit reserves. This growth is consistent with the overall increase in separate account business in force.
 
Liabilities
 
As with assets, most of the 1999 growth occurred in the separate accounts as discussed earlier.
 
The increase in policyholders’ reserves and funds, primarily attributable to growth from new sales in annuity products and interest credited, was partially offset by transfers to separate accounts and withdrawals.
 
The increase in other liabilities is primarily due to our continued growth. This resulted in a $21 million increase in payable to parent and a $30 million increase in remittances and suspense accounts partially offset by a net decrease in other liabilities.
 
Shareholder ’s Equity
 
The decrease in shareholder’s equity was due to:
 
Ÿ
a 1999 net loss of $44 million,
 
Ÿ
a decrease of $3 million due to a change in the valuation of policyholders’ reserves,
 
Ÿ
a decrease of $4 million due to an increase in non-admitted assets,
 
partially offset by:
 
Ÿ
an increase of $1 million due to the change in Asset Valuation Reserve (“AVR”) and General Investment Reserve ( “GIR”), and
 
Ÿ
an increase of $4 million primarily due to unrealized capital gains on bonds.
20
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Liquidity
 
Cash and short-term investments increased $76 million, or 72%, during 1999 as a result of increased funds available for investment provided by operating activities.
 
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $103 million, or 184%, in 1999. We attribute the increase primarily to increased sales, investment income, and fees from separate accounts. This increase was partially offset by increased surrender benefits, withdrawals, death benefits, general expenses, and commissions.
 
Loans and purchases of investments decreased $83 million, or 15%, and sales and maturities of investments and receipts from repayments of loans decreased $102 million, or 20%, in 1999. We attribute these decreases primarily to a lower volume of purchases and sales of bonds due to changes in market conditions.
 
In the second quarter of 1998, MassMutual made a $25 million surplus contribution to supply us with cash flow and the capital needed to support our continued business growth. The Board of Directors of MassMutual has authorized the contribution of funds to us sufficient to meet the capital requirements of all states in which we are licensed to do business.
 
We utilize sophisticated asset/liability analysis techniques in order to set the investment policy for each liability class. Additionally, we test the adequacy of the projected cash flow provided by assets to meet all of our future policyholder and other obligations. We perform these studies using stress tests regarding future credit and other asset losses, market interest rate fluctuations, claim losses and other considerations. The result is a complete picture of the adequacy of our underlying assets, reserves, and capital.
 
We have structured our investment portfolio to ensure a strong liquidity position in order to permit timely payment of policy and contract benefits without requiring an untimely sale of assets. We manage our liquidity position by matching our exposure to cash demands with adequate sources of cash and other liquid assets.
 
Our principal sources of liquidity are operating cash flow and holdings of cash, cash equivalents, and other readily marketable assets. Our primary cash flow sources are investment income, principal repayments on invested assets, and life insurance premiums.
 
Our liquid assets include Treasury bond holdings, short-term money market investments, stocks, and marketable long-term fixed income securities. The carrying value of highly liquid securities, comprised of NAIC Class 1 and 2 publicly traded bonds, was approximately $548 million at December 31, 1999.
 
We proactively manage our liquidity position on an ongoing basis to meet cash needs while minimizing adverse impacts on investment returns. We analyze a variety of scenarios modeling potential demands on liquidity, taking into account the provisions of our policies and contracts in force, our cash flow position, and the volume of cash and readily marketable securities in our portfolio.
 
One of our primary liquidity concerns is the risk of early contract holder and policyholder withdrawal. The two most affected products are individual life insurance and individual deferred annuities. Life insurance policies are less susceptible to withdrawal than annuity contracts because annuities are primarily used as investment vehicles, while life policies are used to fulfill longer-term financial planning needs. We closely evaluate and manage our liquidity risk by, for example, seeking to include provisions such as contingent deferred sales charges limiting withdrawal rights to discourage surrenders.
 
Based on our ongoing monitoring and analysis of our liquidity sources and demands, we believe that we are in a strong liquidity position.
 
Capital Resources
 
As of December 31, 1999, our total adjusted capital as defined by the NAIC was $116 million. The NAIC developed the Risk Based Capital (“RBC”) model to compare the total adjusted capital with a standard design in order to reflect an insurance company ’s risk profile. Although we believe that there is no single appropriate means of measuring RBC needs, we feel that the NAIC approach to RBC measurement is reasonable, and we manage our capital position with significant attention to maintaining adequate total adjusted capital relative to RBC. Our total adjusted capital was well in excess of all RBC standards at December 31, 1999 and 1998. We believe we enjoy a strong capital position in light of our risks and that we are well positioned to meet policyholder and other obligations.
 
Inflation
 
A large portion of our operating expenses consist of administrative fees charged by MassMutual. The largest component of these fees is salaries, which are subject to wage increases that are at least partially affected by the rate of inflation. Our continuing efforts to control expenses may reduce the impact of inflation on operating expenses.
 
Inflation also indirectly affects us. New sales and surrenders of our insurance products, as well as investment income are influenced by inflation to the extent that the government’s economic policy to control the level of inflation results in changes in interest rates.
Investments
 
 
General
 
As directed by our policyholders, the majority of our assets are policyholders’ investments in our separate accounts. We record the assets in our separate accounts at market value, and we pass all investment risks on to the policyholders. The following discussion focuses on the general
 
 
 
investment account portfolio, which does not include our separate account assets.
 
At December 31, 1999, we had $1,289 million of invested assets in our general investment account. We manage the portfolio of invested assets to support the general account liabilities of the business in light of yield, liquidity, and diversification considerations.
 
 
The following table sets forth our invested assets in the general investment account and the related gross investment yield:
 

       December 31,
       1999
     1998
     1997
       Carrying
Value

     % of
Total

     Yield
     Carrying
Value

     % of
Total

     Yield
     Carrying
Value

     % of
Total

     Yield
       ($ In Millions)
Bonds      $   735      57 %      7.5 %      $   683      60 %      7.5 %      $   665      63 %      7.9 %
Mortgage loans      225      18        7.7        126      11        7.3        102      10        7.6  
Other investments      26      2        14.7        76      7        14.8        64      6        7.7  
Policy loans      121      9        7.6        150      13        8.8        142      13        8.0  
Cash and short-term
investments
     182      14        4.3        106      9        5.9        88      8        5.3  
     
  
     
     
  
     
     
  
     
  
Total investments      $1,289      100 %      7.4 %      $1,141      100 %      7.9 %      $1,061      100 %      7.6 %
     
  
     
     
  
     
     
  
     
  

 
We calculate the yield on each investment category, before federal income taxes as: (a) two times gross investment income divided by (b) the sum of assets at the beginning of the year and assets at the end of the year, less gross investment
 
income. If investment expenses were deducted, our net yields would be 7.2%, 7.7%, and 7.5% for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
 
22
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
 
Bonds
 
The following table provides certain information regarding the maturity distribution of bonds, excluding short-term securities:
 
       December 31, 1999
       Carrying
Value

     % of
Total

       ($ In Millions)
Due in one year or less      $ 55      8 %
Due after one year through
five years
     194      26  
Due after five years through
ten years
     311      42  
Due after ten years      79      11  
     
  
  
           639      87  
Mortgage-backed securities (1)      96      13  
     
  
  
            Total      $735      100 %
     
  
  
 
(1)
Average life is 6.5 years, including securities guaranteed by the U.S. Government.
 
We carefully monitor and manage our bond portfolio to ensure that bond maturities are
sufficiently diversified in light of our liquidity needs.
 
Bonds consist primarily of government securities and high-quality marketable corporate securities. We invest a significant portion of our investment funds in high quality publicly traded bonds in order to maintain and manage liquidity and reduce the risk of default in the portfolio.
 
As of December 31, 1999, mortgage-backed securities in the bond portfolio consisted of $52 million of Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), and Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) commitments, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”) and Federal Housing Authority (“FHA”) mortgage-backed pass-through securities, and $44 million of government agency-backed collateralized mortgage obligations.
 
The tables below set forth the carrying value, gross unrealized gains and losses, net unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of our bond portfolio (excluding short-term securities) at December 31, 1999 and 1998.
 
 

     December 31, 1999
     Carrying
Value

   Gross
Unrealized
Gains

   Gross
Unrealized
Losses

   Net
Unrealized
Losses

   Estimated
Fair
Value

     (In Millions)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government corporations and
agencies
   $   85    $1    $   2    $   (1 )    $ 84
Debt securities issued by foreign
governments
   3    -    -    -      3
Mortgage-backed securities    52    1    2    (1 )    51
State and local governments    10    -    -    -      10
Corporate debt securities    562    3    18    (15 )    547
Utilities    17    -    1    (1 )    16
Affiliates    6    -    -    -      6
     
  
  
  
     
                       Total    $735    $5    $23    $(18 )    $717
     
  
  
  
     

 

     December 31, 1998
     Carrying
Value

   Gross
Unrealized
Gains

   Gross
Unrealized
Losses

   Net
Unrealized
Gains

   Estimated
Fair
Value

     (In Millions)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government corporations and
agencies
   $ 69    $   2    $ -    $   2    $ 71
Debt securities issued by foreign
governments
   3    -    -    -    3
Mortgage-backed securities    58    2    1    1    59
State and local governments    12    -    -    -    12
Corporate debt securities    523    17    3    14    537
Utilities    18    1    -    1    19
     
  
  
  
  
            Total    $683    $22    $4    $18    $701
     
  
  
  
  

 
 
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
 
The estimated fair value of bonds is based upon quoted market prices for actively traded securities. We subscribe to commercial pricing services providing estimated fair values of fixed income securities that are not actively traded. We generally determine estimated fair values for privately placed bonds by applying interest rate spreads based on quality and asset type to the appropriate duration on the Treasury yield curve.
 
Substantially all of our publicly traded and privately placed bonds are evaluated by the
NAIC’s Securities Valuation Office (“SVO”), which assigns securities to one of six NAIC investment classes with Class 1 securities being the highest quality and Class 6 securities being the lowest quality. Classes 1 and 2 are investment grade, Class 3 is medium quality and Classes 4, 5 and 6 are non-investment grade. For securities which have not yet been rated by the NAIC, we use an internal rating system. We believe that our internal rating system is similar to that used by the SVO.
 
 
The table below sets forth the NAIC SVO ratings for our bond portfolio (including short-term securities) and, what we believe are the equivalent public rating agency designations. At December 31, 1999 and 1998, 91% and 88%, respectively, of the portfolio was invested in NAIC Classes 1 and 2 securities.
 
Bond Credit Quality
(includes short-term securities)
 

              December 31,
              1999
     1998
NAIC
Bond
Classes

     Rating Agency
Equivalent Designation

     Carrying
Value

     % of
Total

     Carrying
Value

     % of
Total

              ($ In Millions)
1      Aaa/Aa/A      $403      45 %      $399      50 %
2      Baa      417      46        298      38  
3      Ba      53      6        69      9  
4      B      27      3        22      3  
5      Caa and lower      1      -        -      -  
6      In or near default      1      -        -      -  
           
  
     
  
  
       Total      $902      100 %      $788      100 %
           
  
     
  
  

 
The tables below set forth the NAIC SVO ratings for our publicly traded and privately placed bond portfolios, including short-term securities, along with what we believe are the equivalent public rating agency designations:
 
Publicly Traded Bond Credit Quality
(includes short-term securities)
 

              December 31,
              1999
     1998
NAIC
Bond
Classes

     Rating Agency
Equivalent Designation

     Carrying
Value

     % of
Total

     Carrying
Value

     % of
Total

              ($ In Millions)
1      Aaa/Aa/A      $307      55 %      $309      62 %
2      Baa      240      43        173      35  
3      Ba      7      1        14      3  
4      B      2      1        2      -  
5      Caa and lower      -      -        -      -  
6      In or near default      1      -        -      -  
           
  
     
  
  
       Total      $557      100 %      $498      100 %
           
  
     
  
  

 
24
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
 
Privately Placed Bond Credit Quality
(includes short-term securities)
 
          December 31,
          1999
   1998
NAIC
Bond
Classes

   Rating Agency
Equivalent Designation

   Carrying
Value

   %  of
Total

   Carrying
Value

   %  of
Total

          ($  In Millions)
1    Aaa/Aa/A    $ 96    28 %    $ 90    31 %
2    Baa    177    52      125    43  
3    Ba    46    13      55    19  
4    B    25    7      20    7  
5    Caa and lower    1    -      -    -  
6    In or near default    -    -      -    -  
         
 
    
 
  
     Total    $345    100 %    $290    100 %
         
 
    
 
  
 
We utilize our investments in the privately placed bond portfolio to enhance the value of our overall portfolio, increase diversification, and obtain higher yields than are possible with comparable quality public market securities. To control risk when utilizing privately placed securities, we rely upon:
 
Ÿ
broader access to management information,
 
Ÿ
strengthened negotiated protective covenants,
 
Ÿ
call protection features, and
 
Ÿ
a higher level of collateralization than can customarily be achieved in the public market.
 
The strength of our privately placed bond portfolio is demonstrated by the predominance of NAIC Classes 1 and 2 securities.
 
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
The following table sets forth by industry category the total bond portfolio, including short-term securities, as of December 31, 1999:
 
Bond Portfolio by Industry
(includes short-term securities)
 
       December 31, 1999
       Private
     Public
     Total
Industry Category
     Carrying
Value

     %  of
Total

     Carrying
Value
(1)
     %  of
Total

     Carrying
Value

     %  of
Total

       ($ In Millions)
Collateralized (1)      $ 53        15 %      $158      28 %      $211      23 %
Natural Resources      53        15        77      14        130      14  
Consumer Services      75        22        22      4        97      11  
Finance & Leasing Co.      29        8        63      11        92      10  
Utilities      9        3        81      14        90      10  
Construction      48        14        15      3        63      7  
Government      1        0        51      9        52      6  
Consumer Goods      19        6        26      5        45      5  
Media      17        5        17      3        34      4  
Technology      16        5        17      3        33      4  
Transportation      10        3        16      3        26      3  
Health Care      3        1        9      2        12      1  
Others      12        3        5      1        17      2  
     
     
     
  
     
  
  
Total      $345        100 %      $557      100 %      $902      100 %
     
     
     
  
     
  
  
 
(1)
These bonds are collateralized by mortgages backed by FNMA, GNMA or FHLMC and include collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities. These amounts also include asset backed securities such as credit card, automobile, and residential mortgage securities.
26
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
 
Bond Portfolio Surveillance and Under-Performing Investments
 
To identify under-performing investments, we review all bonds on a regular basis utilizing the following criteria:
 
Ÿ
material declines in revenues or margins,
 
Ÿ
significant uncertainty regarding the issuer’s industry,
 
Ÿ
debt service coverage or cash flow ratios that fall below industry-specific thresholds,
 
Ÿ
violation of financial covenants,
 
Ÿ
trading of public securities at a substantial discount due to specific credit concerns, and
 
Ÿ
other subjective factors that relate to the issuer.
 
We actively review the bond portfolio to estimate the likelihood and amount of financial defaults or write-downs in the portfolio and to make timely decisions as to the potential sale or renegotiation of terms of specific investments.
 
The NAIC defines under-performing bonds as those whose deferral of interest and/or principal payments are deemed to be caused by the inability of the obligor to make such payments as called for in the bond contract. At December 31, 1999, we had $2 million in under-performing bonds. At December 31, 1998, we had no under-performing bonds.
 
As a result of our conservative monitoring process, we generate an internal watch list, which includes certain securities that would not be classified as under-performing under the SVO credit rating system. At December 31, 1999, bonds having a carrying value of $23 million, or 3% of the total bond portfolio including short-term securities, had been placed on our internal watch list. The internal watch list is comprised of bonds that have the following NAIC ratings:
 
Ÿ
$2 million NAIC Class 1,
 
Ÿ
$9 million NAIC Class 2 ,
 
Ÿ
$1 million NAIC Class 3, and
 
Ÿ
$11 million NAIC Class 4.
 
Mortgage Loans
 
Mortgage loans represented 17% and 11% of the total investments in the general account at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. Mortgage loans consist of commercial mortgage loans and residential mortgage loan pools. At December 31, 1999 and 1998, commercial mortgage loans comprised 72% and 64%, respectively, of the mortgage loan portfolio.
 
The following table provides certain information regarding the contractual maturity distribution of mortgage loans:
 
       December 31, 1999
       Carrying
Value

     %  of
Total

       ($  In Millions)
Commercial:          
Due in one year or less      $     3      2 %
Due after one year through
five years
     85      38  
Due after five years through
ten years
     64      28  
Due after ten years      10      4  
     
  
  
      Total commercial      162      72  
Residential      63      28  
     
  
  
      Total      $225      100 %
     
  
  
 
Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
 
Commercial
 
Our commercial mortgage loan portfolio consists of fixed and floating rate loans on completed, income producing properties. The majority of the portfolio is fixed rate mortgages.
 
At December 31, 1999, 97% of our commercial mortgage loan portfolio consisted of bullet loans compared to 98% at December 31, 1998. Bullet loans are loans that do not fully amortize over their term.
 
During 1999 and 1998, all renewed bullet loans were performing assets prior to renewal and all loan renewals reflected market conditions. Past experience with regard to bullet maturities, however, is not necessarily indicative of future results.
 
We consider the maturities of commercial mortgage loans to be sufficiently diversified, and carefully monitor and manage maturities in light of our liquidity needs. In 1999, we added approximately 34 new loans. Twenty-two of the new loans were office buildings, which resulted in an increase in our carrying value of office building mortgages as illustrated in the following chart. Additionally, in 1999, borrowers paid off one loan, which totaled $9 million.
 
The following tables set forth by property type and geographic distribution, the carrying value of commercial mortgage loan balances:
 
Commercial Mortgage Loans by Property Type
 
     December 31,
     1999
   1998
     Carrying
Value

   %  of
Total

   Carrying
Value

   %  of
Total

     ($  In Millions)
Office    $   97    60 %    $41    51 %
Hotels & Motels    37    23      11    13  
Apartments    16    10      25    31  
Retail    9    5      1    1  
Industrial &
Other
   3    2      3    4  
    
 
    
 
  
         $162    100 %    $81    100 %
    
 
    
 
  
 
Commercial Mortgage Loans by Geographic Distribution
 
     December 31,
     1999
   1998
     Carrying
Value

   %  of
Total

   Carrying
Value

   %  of
Total

     ($  In Millions)
West    $   35    22 %    $13    16 %
Midwest    34    21      7    9  
Southwest    32    20      28    34  
Northeast    31    19      19    23  
Mid-Atlantic    21    13      7    9  
Southeast    9    5      7    9  
    
 
    
 
  
         $162    100 %    $81    100 %
    
 
    
 
  
 
Residential
 
Our residential mortgage loan portfolio consists of conventional and FHA/VA mortgage pools. We impose rigorous investment standards, including governmental agency guarantees, seasoned pools, and discount pricing as protection against prepayment risk.
 
Mortgage Loan Portfolio Surveillance and Under-Performing Investments
 
We actively monitor, manage and directly service our commercial mortgage loan portfolio. Our personnel perform or review all aspects of loan origination and portfolio management, including:
 
Ÿ
lease analysis
 
Ÿ
property transfer analysis,
 
Ÿ
economic and financial reviews,
 
Ÿ
tenant analysis, and
 
Ÿ
oversight of default and bankruptcy proceedings.
 
We revalue all properties each year and re-inspect all properties either each year or every other year based on internal quality ratings.
 
We use the following criteria to determine whether a current or potential problem exists:
 
Ÿ
borrower bankruptcies,
 
Ÿ
major tenant bankruptcies,
 
Ÿ
requests for restructuring,
 
Ÿ
delinquent tax payments,
 
Ÿ
late payments,
 
Ÿ
loan-to-value or debt service coverage deficiencies, and
 
Ÿ
overall vacancy levels.
 
The carrying value of current and potential problem mortgage loans, consisting of restructured mortgage loans, was $10 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998. There were no problem commercial mortgage loans in process of foreclosure, in default or in actively managed properties.
 
The AVR contains a mortgage loan component, which totaled $7 million at December 31, 1999. In addition, at December 31, 1999, we held other investment reserves on commercial mortgage loans of $2 million. See “Investment Reserves”.
28
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
The following tables set forth current and potential problem mortgage loans by property type and geographic region as of December 31, 1999:
 
Commercial Mortgage Loan Distribution by Property Type
 
       December 31, 1999
       Total
Loan
Amount

     Problem
Loan
Amount

     %  of
Loan
Amount

       ($  In Millions)
Office      $   97      $10      10 %
Hotels & Motels      37      -      -  
Apartments      16      -      -  
Retail      9      -      -  
Industrial & Other      3      -      -  
     
  
  
  
            Total      $162      $10      6 %
     
  
  
  
 
Commercial Mortgage Loan Distribution by Geographic Region
 
       December 31, 1999
       Total
Loan
Amount

     Problem
Loan
Amount

     %  of
Loan
Amount

       ($  In Millions)
West      $   35      -      -  
Midwest      34      -      -  
Southwest      32      -      -  
Northeast      31      $10      32 %
Mid-Atlantic      21      -      -  
Southeast      9      -      -  
     
  
  
  
            Total      $162      $10      6 %
     
  
  
  
 
Investment Reserves
 
When we determine that it is probable that the net realizable value of an invested asset is less than our carrying value, we establish and record appropriate write-downs or investment reserves in accordance with statutory practice.
 
We determine the net realizable value of bonds in accordance with principles established by the SVO using criteria such as:
 
Ÿ
the net worth and capital structure of the borrower,
 
Ÿ
the value of the collateral,
 
Ÿ
the presence of additional credit support, and
 
Ÿ
our evaluation of the borrower’s ability to compete in a relevant market.
 
In the case of real estate and commercial mortgage loans, we make borrower and property-specific assessments as well.
 
In compliance with regulatory requirements, we maintain the AVR. The AVR stabilizes surplus against non-interest rate related fluctuations in the value of stocks and bonds. We maintain general investment reserves (“GIR”) which are not mandated by regulation, in anticipation of future losses on specific mortgage loans, particularly mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure.
 
Our total investment reserves at December 31, 1999, were $23 million, a 4% decrease from December 31, 1998, consisting of AVR of $21 million and GIR of $2 million.
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
The following table presents the change in total investment reserves for the years 1999 and 1998:
 
       Total  Investment Reserves
       Bonds,
Preferred
Stocks and
Short-term
Investments

     Mortgage
Loans

     Other
Investments

     Total
       (In  Millions)
Balance at December 31, 1997 (1)      $   5        $6        $16        $27  
     
     
     
     
  
Reserve contributions (2)      2        1        1        4  
Net realized capital gains (losses) (3)      -         (1 )      -        (1 )
Unrealized capital gains (losses) (4)      -        -        (6 )      (6 )
     
     
     
     
  
Net change to shareholder’s equity (5)      2        -        (5 )      (3 )
     
     
     
     
  
Balance at December 31, 1998 (1)      7        6        11        24  
     
     
     
     
  
Reserve contributions (2)      2        3        (3 )      2  
Net realized capital gains (losses) (3)      (2 )      -        (4 )      (6 )
Unrealized capital gains (losses) (4)      3        -        -        3  
     
     
     
     
  
Net change to shareholder’s equity (5)      3        3        (7 )      (1 )
     
     
     
     
  
Balance at December 31, 1999 (1)      $10        $9        $   4        $23  
     
     
     
     
  
 
(1)
The balance is comprised of the AVR and GIR which are recorded as liabilities on the statement of financial position.
 
       AVR
     GIR
     Total
       (In  Millions)
Balance at December 31, 1997      $23      $4      $27
Balance at December 31, 1998      $22      $2      $24
Balance at December 31, 1999      $21      $2      $23
 
(2)
Amounts represent contributions calculated on a statutory formula and other amounts we deem necessary. The statutory formula provides for maximums that when exceeded cause a negative contribution. Additionally, these amounts represent the net impact on shareholder’s equity for investment gains and losses not related to changes in interest rates.
 
(3)
These amounts offset realized capital gains (losses), net of tax, that have been recorded as a component of net income. Amounts include realized capital gains and losses, net of tax, on sales not related to interest fluctuations, such as repayments of mortgage loans at a discount and mortgage loan foreclosures.
 
(4)
These amounts offset unrealized capital gains (losses), recorded as a change in shareholder’s equity. Amounts include unrealized losses due to market value reductions of securities with a NAIC quality rating of 6 and net changes in the unrealized capital gains and losses from affiliated mutual funds.
 
(5)
Amounts represent the reserve contribution (note 2) less amounts already recorded (notes 3 and 4). This net change in reserves is recorded as a change in shareholder’s equity.
 
Quantitative and Qualitative Information about Market Risk
 
We developed the following discussion of our risk-management activities using “forward-looking statements” that are based on estimates and assumptions. While we believe that the assumptions we have made are reasonably possible in the near term, actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In addition, we would likely take certain actions to mitigate the impacts of the assumed market changes, thereby reducing the negative impact discussed below.
 
We have excluded all non-guaranteed separate account assets and liabilities from the following discussion since all market risks associated with those accounts are not borne by us, rather they are assumed by the contract holders.
 
Our assets, such as bonds, mortgage loans, policy loans and derivatives are financial instruments and are subject to the risk of market volatility and potential market disruptions. These risks may reduce the value of our financial instruments, or impact future cash flows and earnings from those instruments. We do not hold any financial instruments for the purposes of trading.
30
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
 
Our primary market risk exposure is changes in interest rates, which can cause changes in the fair value, cash flows, and earnings of certain financial instruments. To manage our exposure to interest rate changes we use sophisticated quantitative asset/liability management techniques. Asset/liability management allows us to match the market sensitivity of assets with the liabilities they support. If these sensitivities are matched perfectly, the impact of interest rate changes is effectively offset on an economic basis as the change in value of the asset is offset by a corresponding change in the value of the supported liability. In addition, we invest a significant portion of our investment funds in high quality bonds in order to maintain and manage liquidity and reduce the risk of default in the portfolio.
 
Based upon the information and assumptions we used in our asset/liability analysis as of December 31, 1999, we estimate that a hypothetical immediate 10% increase in interest rates would decrease the net fair value of our financial instruments by $21 million. A change in interest rates of 10% would not have a material impact on our future earnings or cash flows. A significant portion of our liabilities, e.g., insurance policy and claim reserves, are not considered financial instruments and are excluded from the above analysis. Because of our asset/liability management, a corresponding change in the fair values of these liabilities, based on the present value of estimated cash flows, would significantly offset the net decrease in fair value estimated above.
 
We also use derivative financial instruments to manage our market risks, primarily to reduce interest rate and duration imbalances determined in asset/liability analyses. We do not hold or issue these financial instruments for trading purposes. The notional amounts described do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, thus, are not a measure of our exposure. The amounts exchanged are calculated on the basis of the notional amounts and the other terms of the instruments, which relate to interest rates, exchange rates, security prices, or financial or other indexes.
 
We utilize interest rate swap agreements, options, and purchased caps and floors to reduce interest rate exposures arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities and to modify portfolio profiles to manage other risks identified. Under interest rate swaps, we agree to an exchange, at specified intervals, between streams of variable rate and fixed rate interest payments. The amount exchanged is calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount. We had outstanding swaps with notional amounts of $227 million at December 31, 1999, and $198 million at December 31, 1998.
 
Options grant us the right to buy or sell a security or enter into a derivative transaction at a stated price within a stated period. Our option contracts have terms of up to ten years. We had option contracts with notional amounts of $945 million at December 31, 1999, and $961 million at December 31, 1998. Our credit risk exposure was limited to the unamortized costs of $7 million at December 31, 1999, and $8 million at December 31, 1998.
 
Interest rate cap agreements grant us the right to receive the excess of a referenced interest rate over a stated rate calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional amount. Interest rate floor agreements grant us the right to receive the excess of a stated rate over a referenced interest rate calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional amount. We had agreements with notional amounts of $355 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998.
 
We utilize asset swap agreements to reduce exposures, such as currency risk and prepayment risk, built into certain assets acquired. Cross-currency interest rate swaps allow investment in foreign currencies, increasing access to additional investment opportunities, while limiting foreign exchange risk. At December 31, 1999, we had open asset swap agreements with notional amounts of $4 million. At December 31, 1998, we did not have any open asset swap agreements.
 
We enter into forward U.S. Treasury, Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) and Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) commitments. We enter into these forward commitments for the purpose of managing interest rate exposure. We generally do not take delivery on these commitments. Instead of taking delivery, we settle these commitments with offsetting transactions. We had outstanding commitments of $15 million at December 31, 1999 and $1 million at December 31, 1998.
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
 
We are exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. This exposure is limited to contracts with a positive fair value. The amounts at risk in a net gain position were $4 million at December 31, 1999, and $14 million at December 31, 1998. We monitor exposure to ensure counterparties are credit worthy and concentration of exposure is minimized. Additionally, we obtain collateral positions with counterparties when considered prudent.
32
Management ’s Discussion and Analysis
 
Description of the Business
 
 
We are a stock life insurance company located at 140 Garden Street, Hartford, Connecticut, 06154, and were chartered by a Special Act of the Connecticut General Assembly on April 25, 1980. Effective March 1, 1996, we became a wholly-owned stock life insurance subsidiary of MassMutual when the operations of our former parent, Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company were merged with and into MassMutual.
 
We are principally engaged in the sale of life insurance and annuities, primarily flexible premium universal life insurance, variable life insurance, and variable annuity products. We distribute these products through career agents, registered financial planners, and brokers. We are licensed to sell life insurance and annuities in Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia and 49 states (excluding New York.)
 
Functionally, we are part of MassMutual’s operations, and as a result, a discussion of MassMutual’s operations is useful for an understanding of our business.
 
MassMutual is a mutual life insurance company organized as a Massachusetts corporation, which was originally chartered in 1851. As a mutual life insurance company, MassMutual has no shareholders. MassMutual’s primary business is individual life insurance, annuity and disability income products distributed primarily through career agents. MassMutual also provides, directly or through its subsidiaries, a wide range of pension products and services, as well as investment services to individuals, corporations, and institutions in all 50 states of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. MassMutual and its subsidiaries or affiliates are also licensed to transact business in six provinces of Canada, Chile, Argentina, Bermuda, and Luxembourg although its operations in such jurisdictions are not material.
 
MassMutual ’s principal lines of business are:
 
Ÿ
Individual Line of Business, which includes life, disability, annuities, large corporate owned life insurance, and investment products and services; and
 
Ÿ
Retirement Services, which provides retirement plan sponsors and participants a full range of products and services in the defined contribution, defined benefit, and non-qualified deferred compensation plan markets.
 
The MassMutual Investment Group, whose operations effective January 1, 2000, were merged into David L. Babson and Company, Inc., a MassMutual wholly-owned subsidiary, provides investment advisory services to us, our affiliates and various outside individual and institutional investors through MassMutual’s investment management staff and its subsidiaries: Oppenheimer Acquisition Corporation, which owns OppenheimerFunds; DLB Acquisition Corporation, which owns David L. Babson and Company, Inc.; Antares Capital Corporation; and Cornerstone Real Estate Advisors, Inc.
 
Products
 
The principal products we offer include:
 
Ÿ
term life, variable, universal, and corporate owned life insurance products, and
 
Ÿ
individual annuity products.
 
Set forth below is a description of our principal products:
 
Term Life.  Term life insurance provides life insurance protection for a fixed period and has no cash value. We offer a variety of term insurance products designed to meet varying client needs. Almost all term insurance products allow conversion within a specified time period to one of our other insurance products.
 
Universal Life.  Universal life insurance provides the policyholder with flexible premiums and death benefits as well as no lapse guarantees. We credit premiums in excess of specified sales charges to the account value of the policy, which are allocated to the fixed account backed by our general investment account. That account value includes a guaranteed principal with a minimum interest credit. The policy value is the net result of the premium payments plus interest credits minus expense and cost of insurance charges minus the amount of any partial surrenders.
 
Variable and Corporate Owned Life.   Variable life insurance provides the policyholder, within guidelines established by the terms of the policy, the ability to select and change premium levels, amounts of death benefits and investment options. We credit premiums in excess of specified sales charges to the account value of the policy. We apply net premiums, as instructed by the policyholder, to a guaranteed principal account backed by our general investment account, or to one or more of our separate account investment options. The policyholder bears the investment risk for cash values invested in the separate accounts. We deduct the cost of insurance and administrative charges from the accumulating account value to which we credit the premiums. We also offer various corporate owned fixed or variable universal life products.
 
Fixed and Variable Annuities. Annuity products provide for the payment of periodic benefits at regular intervals beginning at a specified date and continuing for a specific period of time or for life. For our fixed annuity products, we credit premiums to the account value of the contract, which are allocated to a fixed account backed by our general investment account. Variable annuities are individual non-participating contracts which provide for either a single or periodic premium, which may be directed to a guaranteed principal account backed by our general investment account, or to one of several separate account investment options for which the investment risk is borne by the contract holder.
 
Competition
 
The life insurance industry is highly competitive. There are more than 1,500 life insurance companies in the United States, many of which offer insurance products similar to those we market. In addition to competition within the industry, insurers are increasingly facing competition from non-traditional sources in the financial services industry. Such businesses include mutual funds, banks, securities brokerage houses, and other financial service entities. Many of our competitors provide alternative investment and savings vehicles for consumers. Legislative initiatives at the federal level were enacted in November of 1999 that could reorder the financial services industry, thereby changing the environment in which we compete.
 
We believe our financial strength, agent skill, and product performance provide competitive advantages for the products we offer in these markets. Our, and MassMutual’s, year-end 1999 rating were again among the highest enjoyed by any company in any industry. Our, and MassMutual’s, AAA financial strength rating from Standard & Poor’s, A++ (Superior) financial strength rating from A.M. Best, and AAA claims-paying rating from Duff & Phelps were the highest possible. Our, and MassMutual’s, Aa1 financial strength rating from Moody ’s Investors Service was the highest in its “Excellent ” category.
 
Each rating agency independently assigns ratings based on its own separate review and takes into account a variety of factors, which are subject to change in making its decision. Accordingly, there can be no assurance of the ratings that will be afforded us in the future.
 
Regulation
 
We are organized as a Connecticut stock life insurance company, and are subject to Connecticut laws governing insurance companies. We are regulated and supervised by the State of Connecticut Insurance Commissioner. By March 1 of every year, we must prepare and file an annual statement, in a form prescribed by the State of Connecticut Insurance Department, as of December 31 of the preceding year. The Commissioner’s agents have the right at all times to review or examine our books and assets. A full examination of our operations is conducted periodically according to the rules and practices of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. We are also subject to the insurance laws of the states in which we are authorized to do business, to various federal and state securities laws and regulations, and to regulatory agencies that administer those laws and regulations.
 
We are licensed to transact our insurance business in, and are subject to regulation and supervision by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, and 49 states (excluding New York.) The extent of such regulation varies. However, most jurisdictions have laws and regulations requiring the licensing of insurers and their agents, and setting standards of solvency and business conduct to be maintained by licensed insurance companies, and may regulate withdrawal from certain markets. In addition, statutes and regulations in certain states usually require the approval of policy forms and, for certain lines of insurance, the approval of rates. Such statutes and regulations also prescribe the permitted types and concentration of investments. We are also subject to regulation of our accounting methodologies and are required to file detailed annual financial statements with supervisory agencies in each of the jurisdictions in which we do business. Each of our operations and accounts are also subject to examination by such agencies at regular intervals.
 
All 50 states of the United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have insurance guaranty fund laws requiring insurance companies doing business within those jurisdictions to participate in guaranty associations. Guaranty associations are organized to cover, subject to certain limits, contractual obligations under insurance policies and certificates issued under group insurance policies, issued by impaired or insolvent life insurance companies. These associations levy assessments, up to prescribed limits, on all member insurers in a particular state. Levies are calculated on the basis of the proportionate share of the premiums written by member insurers in the lines of business in which the impaired or insolvent insurer is engaged. Some states permit member insurers to recover assessments paid through full or partial premium tax offsets, usually over a period of years.
 
In addition to regulation of our insurance business, we are subject to various types of federal and state laws and regulations affecting the conduct, taxation, and other aspects of our businesses and products. Certain policies and contracts we offer are subject to the federal securities laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
We believe that we are in compliance, in all material respects, with all applicable regulations.
Description of the Business
 
Experts and Additional Available Information
 
 
Experts
 
We included our 1999 audited statutory financial statements in this prospectus in reliance on the report of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent auditors’, given on the authority of that firm as experts in accounting and auditing. These statements include the statutory statement of financial position as of December 31, 1999, and the related statutory statements of income, changes in shareholder’s equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 1999.
 
We included our 1998 and 1997 audited financial statements in this prospectus in reliance on the reports of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of that firm as experts in accounting and auditing. These statements include the statutory statement of financial position as of December 31, 1998, and the related statutory statements of income, changes in shareholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two year period ended December 31, 1998.
 
Additional Available Information
 
We file registration statements, reports, and informational statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These filings contain information not contained in this Prospectus. You can review and copy such registration statements, reports, information statements, and other information at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC. The SEC is located at Room 1024, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20549. The SEC’s New York and Chicago regional offices are located at the following addresses:
 
Ÿ
Northeast Regional Office, 7 World Trade Center, Suite 1300, New York, New York, 10046; and
 
Ÿ
Midwest Regional Office, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661.
 
The SEC also maintains a Web site that contains these filings. The SEC ’s internet address is http://www.sec.gov.
Selected Historical Financial Data
 
We have prepared our financial information on the basis of statutory accounting practices. For a description of the accounting principles applicable to this financial information and certain differences between statutory accounting practices and generally accepted accounting principles, see “Accounting Practices ”.
 
The following statutory information as of and for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996 and 1995 has been derived from our audited statutory financial statements. The 1999 statutory financial statements have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent auditors’. The statutory financial statements for the years 1995 through 1998 were audited by auditors other than Deloitte & Touche LLP.
 
This information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statements and other information included elsewhere in this prospectus. The results for past accounting periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future accounting period.
36
Experts and Additional Available Information
 
C.M. Life Insurance Company
Selected Historical Financial Data
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
(In Millions)
 
       1999
     1998
     1997
     1996
     1995
Revenue:
           Premium income      $   939        $   406        $   331      $   314      $   261  
           Net investment income      85        82        75      75      69  
           Fees and other income      8        6        8      9      20  
     
     
     
  
  
  
                      1,032        494        414      398      350  
     
     
     
  
  
  
Benefits and expenses:
            Policyholders’ benefits and payments      332        185        100      99      59  
           Addition to policyholders’ reserves and funds      519        168        200      218      216  
            Commissions      82        50        34      25      14  
            Operating expenses, state taxes, licenses and fees      132        80        53      48      37  
     
     
     
  
  
  
                      1,065        483        387      390      326  
     
     
     
  
  
  
Net gain (loss) from operations before federal income taxes      (33 )      11        27      8      24  
Federal income taxes      2        7        19      6      9  
     
     
     
  
  
  
Net gain (loss) from operations      (35 )      4        8      2      15  
Net realized capital loss      (9 )      (1 )      -      -      (1 )
     
     
     
  
  
  
Net income (loss)      $     (44 )      $       3        $       8      $       2      $     14  
     
     
     
  
  
  
Assets:
           General account assets      $1,389        $1,212        $1,123      $1,087      $1,029  
           Separate account assets      1,764        1,319        1,096      780      531  
     
     
     
  
  
  
           Total assets      $3,153        $2,531        $2,219      $1,867      $1,560  
     
     
     
  
  
  
Liabilities:
            Policyholders’ reserves and funds      $1,176        $   996        $   951      $   907      $   868  
           Asset valuation and investment reserves      23        24        27      22      20  
           Other liabilities      95        51        32      48      28  
           Separate account liabilities      1,764        1,319        1,096      780      531  
     
     
     
  
  
  
           Total liabilities      3,058        2,390        2,106      1,757      1,447  
     
     
     
  
  
  
Shareholder’s Equity:
           Common stock      2        2        2      2      2  
           Paid-in capital and contributed surplus (1)      69        69        44      44      44  
            Unassigned surplus      24        70        67      64      67  
     
     
     
  
  
  
           Total shareholder’s equity      95        141        113      110      113  
     
     
     
  
  
  
           Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity      $3,153        $2,531        $2,219      $1,867      $1,560  
     
     
     
  
  
  
Total adjusted capital data (2)
           Total shareholder’s equity      $     95        $   141        $   113      $   110      $   113  
           Asset valuation reserve      21        22        23      18      16  
     
     
     
  
  
  
           Total adjusted capital      $   116        $   163        $   136      $   128      $   129  
     
     
     
  
  
  
 
(1)
In 1998, we received a surplus contribution of $25 million from MassMutual.
 
(2)
Defined by the NAIC as surplus plus AVR.
 
We reclassified prior year amounts to conform with the current year presentation.
Selected Historical Financial Data
 
Report of Independent Auditors’
 
To the Board of Directors and Policyholders of
C.M. Life Insurance Company
 
We have audited the accompanying statutory statement of financial position of C.M. Life Insurance Company as of December 31, 1999, and the related statutory statements of income, changes in shareholder’s equity, and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. The statutory financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997, were audited by other auditors. Their report, dated February 25, 1999, expressed an opinion that these statements were not fairly presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles; however, such report also expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements’ conformity with the statutory basis of accounting described in Note 1 to the financial statements.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
As described more fully in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has prepared these financial statements using statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Connecticut Insurance Department, which practices differ from generally accepted accounting principles. The effects on the financial statements of the variances between the statutory basis of accounting and generally accepted accounting principles, although not reasonably determinable, are presumed to be material.
 
In our opinion, because of the effects of the matters discussed in the preceding paragraph, the 1999 financial statements referred to above do not present fairly, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, the financial position of C.M. Life Insurance Company as of December 31, 1999, or the results of its operations or its cash flows for the year then ended.
 
In our opinion, the 1999 statutory financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of C.M. Life Insurance Company at December 31, 1999, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, on the statutory basis of accounting described in Note 1.
 
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
 
Hartford, Connecticut
February 1, 2000
C.M. Life Insurance Company
 
STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
 
 
       December 31,
       1999      1998
       (In Millions)
 
Assets:          
 
Bonds
    $
     735.0
    $
    683.0
Mortgage loans      225.4      126.3
Other investments      25.6      76.3
Policy loans      120.7      150.4
Cash and short-term investments      182.0      105.7
       
    
 
 
Total invested assets      1,288.7      1,141.7
       
    
 
 
Investment and insurance amounts receivable      33.8      33.9
Federal income tax receivable      7.2      2.1
Transfer due from separate accounts      59.2      34.3
       
    
 
 
           1,388.9      1,212.0
 
 
Separate account assets      1,764.2      1,318.9
       
    
 
 
Total assets
   $ 
3,153.1
    $
2,530.9
       
    
See Notes to Statutory Financial Statements.
 
FF-2
C.M. Life Insurance Company
 
STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION, Continued
 
 
       December 31,
       1999      1998
       ($ In Millions Except
for Par Value)
Liabilities:          
 
Policyholders ’ reserves and funds      $1,175.9      $   996.3
Policyholders ’ claims and other benefits      4.6      3.8
Payable to parent      50.9      28.8
Asset valuation and other investment reserves      22.7      23.9
Other liabilities      39.5      18.2
       
    
 
           1,293.6      1,071.0
 
Separate account liabilities      1,764.2      1,318.9
       
    
 
Total liabilities      3,057.8      2,389.9
       
    
 
Shareholder ’s equity:
 
Common stock, $200 par value
      50,000 shares authorized
      12,500 shares issued and outstanding      2.5      2.5
Paid-in and contributed surplus      68.8      68.8
Surplus      24.0      69.7
       
    
 
Total shareholder’s equity      95.3      141.0
       
    
 
Total liabilities & shareholder’s equity      $3,153.1      $2,530.9
       
    
See Notes to Statutory Financial Statements.
 
FF-3
C.M. Life Insurance Company
 
STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF INCOME
 
 
       Years Ended December 31,
       1999      1998      1997
       (In Millions)
Revenue:               
 
Premium income      $     938.8        $     406.4        $     331.3
Net investment income      85.0        82.4        75.3
Fees and other income      8.4        5.5        7.5
       
       
       
 
Total revenue       1,032.2            494.3            414.1
       
       
       
 
Benefits and expenses:
 
Policyholders ’ benefits and payments      332.2        185.2        100.4
Addition to policyholders’ reserves and funds      518.7        168.8        200.7
Operating expenses      122.0        72.1        49.5
Commissions      82.6        49.6        33.5
State taxes, licenses and fees      9.9        8.1        3.5
       
       
       
 
Total benefits and expenses      1,065.4        483.8        387.6
       
       
       
 
Net gain (loss) from operations before federal income taxes      (33.2 )      10.5        26.5
 
Federal income taxes      2.1        6.8        19.0
       
       
       
 
Net gain (loss) from operations      (35.3 )      3.7        7.5
 
Net realized capital gain (loss)      (8.7 )      (1.1 )      0.1
       
       
       
 
Net income (loss)      $     (44.0 )      $         2.6        $         7.6
       
       
       
See Notes to Statutory Financial Statements.
 
FF-4
C.M. Life Insurance Company
 
STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
 
 
       Years Ended December 31,
       1999      1998      1997
       (In Millions)
 
Shareholder ’s equity, beginning of year      $141.0        $113.2        $109.8  
       
       
       
  
 
Increases (decreases) due to:
Net income (loss)      (44.0 )      2.6        7.6  
Change in asset valuation and investment reserves      1.2        2.7        (4.8 )
Change in net unrealized capital gains (losses)      4.0        (5.8 )      0.8  
Capital contribution      –           25.0        –     
Other      (6.9 )      3.3        (0.2 )
       
       
       
  
 
           (45.7 )      27.8        3.4  
       
       
       
  
 
Shareholder ’s equity, end of year      $   95.3        $141.0        $113.2  
       
       
       
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See Notes to Statutory Financial Statements.
 
FF-5
C.M. Life Insurance Company
 
STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
 
       Years Ended December 31,
       1999      1998      1997
       (In Millions)
 
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)      $   (44.0 )      $       2.6        $       7.6  
Addition to policyholders’ reserves, funds and policy benefits net of
     transfers to separate accounts
     180.4        44.6        44.2  
Net realized capital (gain) loss      8.7        1.1        (0.1 )
Other changes      14.3        7.8        0.5  
       
       
       
  
Net cash provided by operating activities      159.4        56.1        52.2  
       
       
       
  
 
Investing activities:
Loans and purchases of investments       (486.1 )       (568.6 )       (438.6 )
Sales and maturities of investments and receipts from repayment of
     loans
     403.0        504.8        411.1  
       
       
       
  
 
Net cash used in investing activities      (83.1 )      (63.8 )      (27.5 )
       
       
       
  
 
Financing Activities:
Capital and surplus contribution      –           25.0        –     
       
       
       
  
 
Net cash provided by financing activities      –           25.0        –     
       
       
       
  
 
Increase in cash and short-term investments      76.3        17.3        24.7  
 
Cash and short-term investments, beginning of year      105.7        88.4        63.7  
       
       
       
  
 
Cash and short-term investments, end of year      $   182.0        $   105.7        $     88.4  
       
       
       
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See Notes to Statutory Financial Statements.
 
FF-6
 
Notes To Statutory Financial Statements
 
C.M. Life Insurance Company (“the Company”) is a wholly-owned stock life insurance subsidiary of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”). The Company is primarily engaged in the sale of flexible premium universal and variable life insurance and variable annuity products distributed through career agents. The Company is licensed to sell life insurance and annuities in Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia and 49 states (excluding New York).
 
 
1. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING PRACTICES
 
The accompanying statutory financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the statutory accounting practices, except as to form, of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) and the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Connecticut Insurance Department and are different in some respects from financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The more significant differences are as follows: (a) acquisition costs, such as commissions and other costs directly related to acquiring new business, are charged to current operations as incurred, whereas GAAP would require these expenses to be capitalized and recognized over the life of the policies; (b) statutory policy reserves are based upon the commissioners reserve valuation methods and statutory mortality, morbidity and interest assumptions, whereas GAAP reserves would generally be based upon net level premium and estimated gross margin methods and appropriately conservative estimates of future mortality, morbidity and interest assumptions; (c) bonds are generally carried at amortized cost whereas GAAP generally requires they be reported at fair value; (d) deferred income taxes are not provided for book-tax timing differences as would be required by GAAP; and (e) payments received for universal and variable life products and variable annuities are reported as premium income and changes in reserves, whereas under GAAP, these payments would be recorded as deposits to policyholders’ account balances.
 
In March 1998, the NAIC adopted the Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles (“Codification”). Codification provides a comprehensive guide of statutory accounting principles for use by insurers in all states and is expected to become effective January 1, 2001. The effect of adopting Codification shall be reported as an adjustment to surplus on the effective date. The Company is currently reviewing the impact of Codification; however, due to the nature of certain required accounting changes and their sensitivity to factors such as interest rates, the actual impact upon adoption cannot be determined at this time.
 
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements. Management must also make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Future events, including changes in the levels of mortality, morbidity, interest rates, persistency and asset valuations, could cause actual results to differ from the estimates used in the financial statements.
 
The following is a description of the Company’s principal accounting policies and practices.
 
 
a. Investments
 
Bonds are valued in accordance with rules established by the NAIC. Generally, bonds are valued at amortized cost, using the interest method.
 
Mortgage loans are valued at unpaid principal net of unamortized premium or discount. The Company discontinues the accrual of interest on mortgage loans which are delinquent more than 90 days or when collection is uncertain.
 
Other investments include holdings in affiliated mutual funds and preferred stocks and are valued in accordance with rules established by the NAIC. Generally, investments in mutual funds are valued at fair value and preferred stocks in good standing at cost.
 
Policy loans are carried at the outstanding loan balance less amounts unsecured by the cash surrender value of the policy.
 
Short-term investments are stated at amortized cost.
Notes to Statutory Financial Statements, Continued
 
 
In compliance with regulatory requirements, the Company maintains an Asset Valuation Reserve (“AVR”) and an Interest Maintenance Reserve (“IMR”). The AVR and other investment reserves stabilize surplus against fluctuations in the value of stocks, as well as declines in the value of bonds and mortgage loans. The IMR defers after-tax realized capital gains and losses which result from changes in the overall level of interest rates for all types of fixed income investments and interest related hedging activities. These interest rate related gains and losses are amortized into net investment income using the grouped method over the remaining life of the investment sold or over the remaining life of the underlying asset. Net realized after-tax capital losses of $1.4 million in 1999, and realized after-tax capital gains of $2.6 million in 1998 and $2.0 million in 1997 were deferred into the IMR. Amortization of the IMR into net investment income amounted to $0.5 million in 1999, $0.3 million in 1998 and $0.1 million in 1997. At December 31, 1999, the unamortized IMR deferred was in a net loss position, which in accordance with the regulations, was recorded as a reduction of surplus.
 
Realized capital gains and losses, less taxes, not includable in the IMR, are recognized in net income. Realized capital gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method. Unrealized capital gains and losses are included in surplus.

b. Separate Accounts
 
Separate account assets and liabilities represent segregated funds administered and invested by the Company for the benefit of variable life and annuity contractholders. Assets consist principally of marketable securities reported at fair value. Transfers due from separate accounts represent the policyholders’ account values in excess of statutory benefit reserves. Premiums, benefits and expenses of the separate accounts are reported in the Statutory Statement of Income. The Company receives administrative and investment advisory fees from these accounts.
 
Net transfers to separate accounts of $341.4 million, $121.0 million and $146.5 million in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively, are included in addition to policyholders’ reserves and funds, in the Statutory Statements of Income.
 
c. Non-admitted Assets
 
Assets designated as “non-admitted” include prepaid agent commissions, other prepaid expenses and the IMR, when in a net loss deferral position, and are excluded from the Statutory Statements of Financial Position. These amounted to $9.9 million and $5.5 million as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively and changes therein are charged directly to surplus.
 
d. Policyholders’ Reserves and Funds
 
Policyholders’ reserves for life insurance contracts are developed using accepted actuarial methods computed principally on the net level premium, the Commissioners’ Reserve Valuation Method and the California Method bases using the 1980 Commissioners’ Standard Ordinary mortality tables with assumed interest rates ranging from 2.50 to 4.50 percent.
 
Reserves for individual annuities are based on accepted actuarial methods, principally at interest rates ranging from 6.25 to 9.00 percent.
 
e. Premium and Related Expense Recognition
 
Life insurance premium revenue is recognized annually on the anniversary date of the policy. Annuity premium is recognized when received. Commissions and other costs related to the issuance of new policies, and policy maintenance and settlement costs are charged to current operations when incurred.
 
f. Cash and Short-term Investments
 
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of twelve months or less to be short-term investments.
Notes to Statutory Financial Statements, Continued
 
 
    
2. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
 
Provision for federal income taxes is based upon the Company’s estimate of its tax liability. No deferred tax effect is recognized for temporary differences that may exist between financial reporting and taxable income. Accordingly, the reporting of miscellaneous temporary differences, such as reserves and policy acquisition costs, resulted in effective tax rates which differ from the statutory tax rate.
 
The Company plans to file a separate company 1999 federal income tax return.
 
The Internal Revenue Service has completed its examination of the Company’s income tax returns through the year 1995. The Internal Revenue Service is currently examining the Company ’s income tax returns for the years 1996 and 1997. The Company believes adjustments which may result from such examinations will not materially affect its financial position.
 
Federal tax payments were $6.8 million in 1999, $16.9 million in 1998 and $6.8 million in 1997.
   
3.   SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
 
The Board of Directors of MassMutual has authorized the contribution of funds to the Company sufficient to meet the capital requirements of all states in which the Company is licensed to do business. Substantially all of the statutory shareholder’s equity is subject to dividend restrictions relating to various state regulations, which limit the payment of dividends to the shareholder without prior approval. Under these regulations, $14.1 million of shareholder’s equity is available for distribution to the shareholder in 2000 without prior regulatory approval.
 
During 1998, MassMutual contributed additional paid-in capital of $25.0 million to the Company.
 
4.    INVESTMENTS
 
The Company maintains a diversified investment portfolio. Investment policies limit concentration in any asset class, geographic region, industry group, economic characteristic, investment quality or individual investment. In the normal course of business, the Company enters into commitments to purchase privately placed bonds and mortgage loans.
 
a. Bonds
 
The carrying value and estimated fair value of bonds are as follows:

 

     December 31, 1999
     Carrying
Value
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   Estimated
Fair
Value
     (In Millions)
  U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S.
    government corporations and agencies
  
$    85.8
    
$     0.3
    
$     2.6
    
$   83.5
 
  Debt securities issued by foreign governments   
        2.5
    
      0.1
    
          –   
    
      2.6
 
  Mortgage-backed securities   
      52.3
    
      0.4
    
      1.6
    
     51.1
 
  State and local governments   
      10.3
    
      0.1
    
      0.4
    
     10.0
 
  Corporate debt securities   
    561.7
    
      3.3
    
     17.7
    
   547.3
 
  Utilities   
     16.5
    
      0.1
    
      0.6
    
     16.0
 
  Affiliates      5.9        0.3          –        6.2  
     
    
    
    
        TOTAL    $  735.0      $     4.6      $   22.9      $  716.7  
     
    
    
    

 

FF-9
Notes to Statutory Financial Statements, Continued
 
 
     December 31, 1998
     Carrying
Value
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   Estimated
Fair
Value
     (In Millions)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S.
     government corporations and agencies
   $   69.3      $     1.4      $     0.1      $   70.6  
Debt securities issued by foreign governments    3.2      –         0.1      3.1  
Mortgage-backed securities    57.9      1.6      0.2      59.3  
State and local governments    12.1      0.4      0.2      12.3  
Corporate debt securities    522.6      17.8      3.0      537.4  
Utilities    17.9      0.9      –         18.8  
     
    
    
    
      TOTAL    $683.0      $  22.1      $   3.6      $701.5  
     
    
    
    
 
The carrying value and estimated fair value of bonds at December 31, 1999, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
 
       Carrying
Value
     Estimated
Fair Value
       (In Millions)
Due in one year or less      $   55.0        $   55.1  
Due after one year through five years      193.9        192.9  
Due after five years through ten years      310.6        299.2  
Due after ten years      79.3        76.2  
       
      
 
           638.8        623.4  
Mortgage-backed securities, including securities guaranteed
    by the U.S. government
     96.2        93.3  
       
      
 
      TOTAL      $735.0        $716.7  
       
      
 
 
Proceeds from sales of investments in bonds were $325.8 million during 1999, $480.4 million during 1998, and $388.8 million during 1997. Gross capital gains of $2.1 million in 1999, $5.0 million in 1998, and $3.8 million in 1997 and gross capital losses of $4.9 million in 1999, $0.9 million in 1998, and $0.5 million in 1997 were realized on those sales, portions of which were deferred into the IMR.
 
b.
Mortgages
 
The Company had restructured loans with book values of $10.3 million and $10.4 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. These loans typically have been modified to defer a portion of the contractual interest payments to future periods. Interest deferred to future periods was immaterial in 1999, 1998 and 1997.
 
Approximately 60% and 50% of the Company’s commercial mortgage loans at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively, were loans whose underlying collateral is comprised of office buildings. There were no significant regional concentrations of commercial mortgage loans at December 31, 1999 and 1998.
 
At December 31, 1999, scheduled commercial mortgage loan maturities were as follows: 2000 – $3.3 million; 2001 – $10.2 million; 2002 –  $28.6 million; 2003 – $21.5 million; 2004  – $24.4 million; and $74.0 million thereafter.
 
c.
Other
 
Investments in affiliated mutual funds had a cost of $17.4 million in 1999 and $62.4 million in 1998.
Notes to Statutory Financial Statements, Continued
 
 
5. PORTFOLIO RISK MANAGEMENT
 
The Company uses common derivative financial instruments to manage its investment risks, primarily to reduce interest rate and duration imbalances determined in asset/liability analyses. These financial instruments described below are not recorded in the financial statements, unless otherwise noted. The Company does not hold or issue these financial instruments for trading purposes.
 
The notional amounts described do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, thus, are not a measure of the exposure of the Company. The amounts exchanged are calculated on the basis of the notional amounts and the other terms of the instruments, which relate to interest rates, exchange rates, security prices or financial or other indexes.
 
The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements, options, and purchased caps and floors to reduce interest rate exposures arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities and to modify portfolio profiles to manage other risks identified. Under interest rate swaps, the Company agrees to an exchange, at specified intervals, between streams of variable rate and fixed rate interest payments calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount. Gains and losses realized on the termination of contracts are deferred and amortized through the IMR over the remaining life of the associated contract. IMR amortization is included in net investment income on the Statutory Statements of Income. Net amounts receivable and payable are accrued as adjustments to net investment income and included in investment and insurance amounts receivable on the Statutory Statements of Financial Position. At December 31, 1999 and 1998, the Company had swaps with notional amounts of $226.5 million and $197.5 million, respectively.
 
Options grant the purchaser the right to buy or sell a security or enter into a derivative transaction at a stated price within a stated period. The Company’s option contracts have terms of up to ten years. The amounts paid for options purchased are amortized into net investment income over the life of the contract on a straight-line basis. Unamortized costs are included in other investments on the Statutory Statements of Financial Position. Gains and losses on these contracts are recorded at the expiration or termination date and are deferred and amortized through the IMR over the remaining life of the option contract. At December 31, 1999 and 1998, the Company had option contracts with notional amounts of $944.5 million and $961.2 million, respectively. The Company’s credit risk exposure was limited to the unamortized costs of $7.0 million and $7.5 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
 
Interest rate cap agreements grant the purchaser the right to receive the excess of a referenced interest rate over a stated rate calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional amount. Interest rate floor agreements grant the purchaser the right to receive the excess of a stated rate over a referenced interest rate calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional amount. Amounts paid for interest rate caps and floors are amortized into net investment income over the life of the asset on a straight-line basis. Unamortized costs are included in other investments on the Statutory Statements of Financial Position. Amounts receivable and payable are accrued as adjustments to net investment income and included in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position as investment and insurance amounts receivable. Gains and losses on these contracts, including any unamortized cost, are recognized upon termination and are deferred and amortized through the IMR over the remaining life of the associated cap or floor agreement. At December 31, 1999 and 1998, the Company had agreements with notional amounts of $355.0 million. The Company’s credit risk exposure on these agreements is limited to the unamortized costs of $0.2 million and $0.5 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
 
The Company utilizes asset swap agreements to reduce exposures, such as currency risk and prepayment risk, built into certain assets acquired. Cross-currency interest rate swaps allow investment in foreign currencies, increasing access to additional investment opportunities, while limiting foreign exchange risk. The net cash flows from asset and currency swaps are recognized as adjustments to the underlying assets ’ net investment income. Gains and losses realized on the termination of these contracts adjusts the bases of the underlying assets. Notional amounts relating to asset and currency swaps totaled $3.6 million at December 31, 1999. As of December 31, 1998, the Company did not have any open asset swap agreements.
 
The Company enters into forward U.S. Treasury, Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) and Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) commitments for the purpose of managing interest rate exposure. The Company generally does not take delivery on forward commitments. These commitments are instead settled with offsetting transactions. Gains and losses on forward commitments are recorded when the commitment is closed and deferred and amortized through the IMR over the remaining life of the asset. At December 31, 1999 and 1998, the Company had U. S. Treasury, GNMA and FNMA purchase commitments which will settle during the following year with contractual amounts of $15.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
Notes to Statutory Financial Statements, Continued
 
 
The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. This exposure is limited to contracts with a positive fair value. The amounts at risk in a net gain position were $3.8 million and $14.2 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. The Company monitors exposure to ensure counterparties are credit worthy and concentration of exposure is minimized. Additionally, collateral positions are obtained with counterparties when considered prudent.
 
     
6. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
Fair values are based on quoted market prices, when available. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. These valuation techniques require management to develop a significant number of assumptions, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flow. Derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets or to disclosures by other companies with similar financial instruments. These fair value disclosures do not purport to be the amount that could be realized in immediate settlement of the financial instrument. The following table summarizes the carrying value and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 1999 and 1998.
 
       1999      1998
      Carrying
Value
     Fair
Value
     Carrying
Value
    
Fair
Value
 
    (In Millions)
 
 
        Financial assets
   
Bonds $735.0        $716.7        $683.0      $701.5  
Mortgage loans 225.4        219.7        126.3      126.7  
Other investments 25.6        25.6        76.3      76.3  
Policy loans 120.7        120.7        150.4      150.4  
Cash & short-term investments 182.0        182.0        105.7      105.7  
 
 
        Financial liabilities
   
Investment type insurance contracts
    267.8
       267.8        129.8      132.8  
 
 
        Off-balance sheet financial instruments
   
Interest rate swap agreements
    –   
       (3.1 )      –         2.7  
Financial options
    7.0
       3.7        7.5      9.8  
Interest rate caps & floors
    0.2
       –           0.5      1.6  
Forward commitments
    –  
       15.3        –         1.0  
 
The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments:
 
Bonds and other investments: The estimated fair value of bonds and other investments is based on quoted market prices when available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are determined by the Company using a pricing matrix.
 
Mortgage loans: The estimated fair value of mortgage loans is determined from a pricing matrix for performing loans and the estimated underlying real estate value for non-performing loans.
 
Policy loans, cash and short-term investments: Fair values for these instruments approximate the carrying amounts reported in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position.
 
Investment-type insurance contracts: The estimated fair value for liabilities under investment-type insurance contracts are determined by discounted cash flow projections.
Notes to Statutory Financial Statements, Continued
 
 
Off-balance sheet financial instruments: The fair values for off-balance sheet financial instruments are based upon market prices or prices obtained from brokers.
    
7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
MassMutual and the Company have an agreement whereby MassMutual, for a fee, furnishes the Company, as required, operating facilities, human resources, computer software development and managerial services. Also, investment and administrative services are provided to the Company pursuant to a management services agreement with MassMutual. Fees incurred under the terms of these agreements were $124.5 million, $74.1 million and $39.7 million in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. While management believes that these fees are calculated on a reasonable basis, they may not necessarily be indicative of the costs that would have been incurred on a stand-alone basis.
 
The Company cedes a portion of its life insurance business to MassMutual and other insurers in the normal course of business. The Company’s retention limit per individual insured is $15.0 million; the portion of the risk exceeding the retention limit is reinsured with other insurers, including MassMutual. The Company is contingently liable with respect to ceded reinsurance in the event any reinsurer is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations.
 
The Company has a modified coinsurance quota-share reinsurance agreement with MassMutual whereby the Company cedes 75% of the premiums on certain universal life policies. In return, MassMutual pays the Company a stipulated expense allowance, death and surrender benefits, and a modified coinsurance adjustment based upon experience. The Company retains the assets and related reserves for payment of future benefits on the ceded policies. Premium income of $29.8 million, $33.7 million and $35.1 million was ceded to MassMutual in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Policyholder benefits of $38.7 million, $38.4 million and $36.9 million were ceded to MassMutual in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
 
The Company also has a stop-loss agreement with MassMutual under which the Company cedes claims which, in aggregate, exceed .22% of the covered volume for any year, with maximum coverage of $25.0 million above the aggregate limit. The aggregate limit was $45.4 million in 1999, $36.9 million in 1998, and $35.6 million in 1997 and it was not exceeded in any of the years. Premium income of $1.3 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million was ceded to MassMutual in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
   
8. BUSINESS RISKS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
The Company is subject to insurance guaranty fund laws in the states in which it does business. These laws assess insurance companies amounts to be used to pay benefits to policyholders and claimants of insolvent insurance companies. Many states allow these assessments to be credited against future premium taxes. The Company believes such assessments in excess of amounts accrued will not materially affect its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
 
The Company is involved in litigation arising in and out of the normal course of business, including suits which seek both compensatory and punitive damages. While the Company is not aware of any actions or allegations which should reasonably give rise to any material adverse effect, the outcome of litigation cannot be foreseen with certainty. It is the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not materially affect its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Notes to Statutory Financial Statements, Continued
 
 
9. AFFILIATED COMPANIES
 
The relationship of the Company, MassMutual and affiliated companies as of December 31, 1999, is illustrated below. Subsidiaries are wholly-owned by MassMutual, except as noted.
 
Parent
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
 
Subsidiaries of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
CM Assurance Company
CM Benefit Insurance Company
C.M. Life Insurance Company
MassMutual Holding Company
MML Bay State Life Insurance Company
MML Distributors, LLC
MassMutual Mortgage Finance, LLC
 
Subsidiaries of MassMutual Holding Company
GR Phelps & Co., Inc.
MassMutual Holding Trust I
MassMutual Holding Trust II
MassMutual Holding MSC, Inc.
MassMutual International, Inc.
MML Investor Services, Inc.
 
Subsidiaries of MassMutual Holding Trust I
Antares Capital Corporation – 80.0%
Charter Oak Capital Management, Inc. –  80.0%
Cornerstone Real Estate Advisors, Inc.
DLB Acquisition Corporation – 91.3%
Oppenheimer Acquisition Corporation –  91.91%
 
Subsidiaries of MassMutual Holding Trust II
CM Advantage, Inc.
CM International, Inc.
CM Property Management, Inc.
HYP Management, Inc.
MMHC Investments, Inc.
MML Realty Management
Urban Properties, Inc.
MassMutual Benefits Management, Inc.
 
Subsidiaries of MassMutual International, Inc.
MassMutual Internacional (Argentina) S.A. –  85%
MassLife Seguros de Vida S. A. –  99.9%
MassMutual International (Bermuda) Ltd.
MassMutual International (Chile) S. A. –  85%
MassMutual International (Luxembourg) S. A. –  85%
 
MassMutual Holding MSC, Inc.
MassMutual Corporate Value Limited –  40.93%
9048  – 5434 Quebec, Inc.
1279342 Ontario Limited
 
Affiliates of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
MML Series Investment Fund
MassMutual Institutional Funds
 
 
PART II. INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN A PROSPECTUS
 
Item   14.    Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
 
         Not applicable.
 
Item   15.    Indemnification of Directors and Officers
 
         C.M. Life directors and officers are indemnified under its by-laws. C.M. Life indemnifies each person who was or is a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or to any liability to any entity which is registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or to the security holders thereof provided that:
 
         (a)  Such person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation;
 
         (b)  With respect to any criminal action or proceeding, such person had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful;
 
         (c)   Unless ordered by a court, indemnification shall be made only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances set forth in subparagraphs (a) and (b) above, such determination to be made (i) by the Board of Directors of the C.M. Life by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (ii) if such quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested Directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iii) by the stockholders of the corporation.
 
         Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of C.M. Life pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, C.M. Life has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by C.M. Life of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of C.M. Life in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, C.M. Life will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issues.
 
Item   16.    Exhibits
 
Exhibit
Number

     Description
     Method of Filing
(1)      Form of Underwriting Agreement with MML Distributors      *
 
4      Form of Individual Annuity Contract      **
 
5      Opinion re legality      Filed herewith
 
23(i)      Consent of Independent Auditors’, Deloitte & Touche LLP      Filed herewith
 
23(ii)      Consent of Independent Accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP      Filed herewith
 
23(iii)      Opinion of Independent Accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP      Filed herewith
 
24(a)      Powers of Attorney for:
Edward M. Kline
John Miller, Jr.,
James E. Miller
Isadore Jermyn
     ***
 
Exhibit
Number

     Description
     Method of Filing
24(b)      Powers of Attorney for:
Efrem Marder
John V. Murphy
     ****
 
24(c)      Power of Attorney for Robert J. O’Connell      *****
 
24(d)      Powers of Attorney for:
Robert W. Crispin
Lawrence V. Burkett, Jr.
     Filed herewith
 
27      Financial Data Schedule      Filed herewith

     *
Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement File No. 333-2347, filed and effective May 1, 1997.
    **
Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective No. 4 to Registration Statement File No. 333-2347, filed and effective May 1, 1998.
   ***
Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective No. 4 to Registration Statement File No. 33-61679, filed on Form N-4 on December 21, 1998.
 ****
Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement No. 333-88493 filed in January, 2000.
*****
Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Registration Statement No. 333-41667 filed in April, 1999.
 
Item   17.     Undertakings
 
         (a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
 
(1)
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
 
(i)
To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
 
(ii)
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement;
 
(iii)
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement, including (but not limited to) any addition or deletion of a managing underwriter;
 
(2)
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
(3)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
 
SIGNATURES
 
         Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-2 and has caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Registration Statement No. 333-2347 (formerly 33-85988) to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized, all in the city of Springfield and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the 22nd day of March, 2000.
 
C.M. LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(Registrant)
 
/S /    ROBERT W. CRISPIN *
By:   
Robert W. Crispin,
President and Chief Executive Officer
C.M. Life Insurance Company
 
/S /    RICHARD M. HOWE
         
   *Richard M. Howe
 
On March 22, 2000, as Attorney-in-Fact pursuant to power of attorney
 
         As required by the Securities Act of 1933, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Registration Statement No. 333-2347 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
     Title
     Date
 
/S /    ROBERT W. CRISPIN *
                                                                                                         
Robert W. Crispin
     President and Chief Executive
Officer
     March 22, 2000
 
/S /    EDWARD M. KLINE *
                                                                                                         
Edward M. Kline
     Vice President and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
     March 22, 2000
 
/S /    JOHN M. MILLER , JR .*
                                                                                                         
John M. Miller Jr.
     Vice President and Comptroller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
     March 22, 2000
 
/S /    JOHN V. MURPHY *
                                                                                                         
John V. Murphy
     Director      March 22, 2000
 
/S /    EFREM MARDER *
                                                                                                         
Efrem Marder
     Director      March 22, 2000
 
/S /    ISADORE JERMYN *
                                                                                                         
Isadore Jermyn
     Director      March 22, 2000
 
/S /    JAMES E. MILLER *
                                                                                                         
James E. Miller
     Director      March 22, 2000
 
/S /    LAWRENCE V. BURKETT , JR .*
                                                                                                         
Lawrence V. Burkett, Jr.
     Director      March 22, 2000
 
/S /    ROBERT J. O’CONNELL *
                                                                                                         
Robert J. O’Connell
     Director      March 22, 2000
 
/S /    RICHARD M. HOWE *
                                                                                                         
Richard M. Howe
     On March 22, 2000,
as Attorney-in-Fact pursuant
to powers of attorney.
    
 
 
LIST OF EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit 5      Opinion re legality
Exhibit 23(i)      Consent of Independent Auditors’, Deloitte & Touche LLP
Exhibit 23(ii)      Consent of Independent Accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Exhibit 23(iii)      Opinion of Independent Accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Exhibit 24(d)      Powers of Attorney
Exhibit 27      Financial Data Schedule


© 2022 IncJournal is not affiliated with or endorsed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission