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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
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Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
[X] Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 (Fee Required) For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997
or
[_] Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
(No Fee Required) For the transition period from ________ to ________.
Commission File Number 0-19811
OPTA FOOD INGREDIENTS, INC.
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(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware 04-3117634
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(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
25 Wiggins Avenue
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
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(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 781.276.5100
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $.01
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par value per share
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(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [X]
The aggregate market value, based upon the closing sale price of the shares
as reported by the NASDAQ National Market System, of voting stock held by non-
affiliates (without admitting that any person whose shares are not included in
such calculation is an affiliate) at March 2, 1998 was $38,832,012.
As of March 2, 1998, 11,079,833 shares of the registrant's Common Stock,
$.01 par value per share, were issued and outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
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Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its 1998 Annual
Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III on
Form 10-K.
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PART I
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The following discussion of the Company's business in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K contains, in addition to historical statements, forward-looking
statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results
could differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking
statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include
the factors discussed in this section under the caption "Cautionary Statement
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Item 1. Business
GENERAL
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Opta Food Ingredients, Inc. (referred to herein as the "Company" or "Opta")
was incorporated in Delaware on April 23, 1991 and its executive offices are
located at 25 Wiggins Avenue, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730. The Company's
telephone number is 781.276.5100 and fax number is 781.276.5101. Opta,
CrystaLean, EverFresh, OptaFil, OptaGlaze, OptaGrade and Optex are registered
trademarks of the Company.
Opta is a leading innovator, manufacturer and marketer of proprietary
texturizing products sold to food processors in North America who focus on the
dairy, dressings/sauces, meat and baked goods categories. Opta applies advanced
enzymology and protein and carbohydrate chemistries to develop innovative food
ingredient products such as fat replacers, bulking agents and other texturizing
agents that solve specific customer problems. Opta creates its products through
the modification of inexpensive, readily available raw materials to produce food
ingredients that it considers to be Generally Recognized As Safe ("GRAS") under
current U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") regulations. At December 31,
1997, Opta's products were being used in more than 35 applications by nearly 150
different customers including five of the ten largest U.S. consumer packaged
food companies and two of the world's largest quick service restaurant chains.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND AND
MARKET OPPORTUNITY
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The food industry is experiencing an unprecedented period of significant,
fundamental change worldwide. The pace of change is accelerating and impacts on
every aspect of the food business. Key sectors of the industry are consolidating
through mergers and acquisitions. Indeed, 1997 was a record year for food
company mergers. Driving forces within the industry have shifted away from the
manufacturers to the retailer and, ultimately, to the consumer. Food safety is
now the number one concern of consumers. Public sector regulatory agencies as
well as private sector consumer associations are becoming more vigilant.
Consumer education, recently enacted labeling requirements, and a high level of
popular interest in extending and improving the quality of life have greatly
increased consumer awareness of food and its role in promoting and maintaining a
healthy lifestyle. Since 1994, consumer spending on food prepared outside the
home has exceeded that on food prepared at home. Consumers are demanding foods
that are safe, convenient, nutritious, healthful, readily available,
competitively priced and that taste great. Food processors are under tremendous
pressure to remove undesirable components such as fat and sugar or unwanted
additives from foods through reformulation of their products. This trend has now
gone a step further. Not only are undesired components being formulated out, but
ingredients with purported health benefits are being incorporated into a growing
number of everyday foods.
In the face of these challenges, consumer food and food service companies
are seeking ways to increase their ability to respond quickly and effectively to
an extremely dynamic marketplace. In addition, as the industry has consolidated
and become more competitive, pressure has mounted to cut costs. Investment in
basic research and new product development by consumer food and foodservice
companies over the past decade has not kept pace with these demands. As a
result, a "technology gap" now exists between the demand for reformulation of
current products and the development of new, healthier foods. This is especially
true in the lack of development of new, highly functional food ingredients that
deliver the taste and textural attributes that consumers are demanding.
Opta Food Ingredients' strategy is to capture the opportunity represented
by this "technology gap" by utilizing its proprietary technologies, know-how and
experience to create healthy, safe, inexpensive food ingredients with taste and
textural qualities that appeal to consumers. Opta is a customer-driven,
flexible, responsive food ingredient supplier to consumer food and foodservice
companies with particular emphasis on the dairy, baked goods, and meat segments
of the market. Opta's core expertise in the development, modification and
maintenance of specific food textures coupled with the Company's capabilities in
new ingredient development and commercialization has resulted in a portfolio of
highly functional, innovative, GRAS food ingredients. Opta's ingredient
portfolio includes ingredients that have achieved industry recognition and
commercial use as fat replacers as well as agents that function as stabilizers,
bulking agents, thickeners, gelling agents and extenders in a wide variety of
food applications.
According to industry sources, the worldwide market for high value-added
food ingredients is approximately $20 billion per year. Opta's primary target
market of North America accounts for nearly 1/3 of this total. The Company's
products compete functionally within broad categories of the food ingredients
industry including but not limited to hydrocolloids, fibers, fat replacers,
emulsifiers and proteins. The Company estimates that the value of the
ingredients with which Opta directly competes is between $500 and $800 million
in North America. Dairy and bakery applications account for a significant
portion of this total opportunity; therefore, Opta has focused its sales and
marketing efforts as well as its technical efforts primarily on these two
sectors of the domestic market and more recently has expanded its reach into the
meat category.
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OPTA'S STRATEGY
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The Company works closely with consumer food and food service companies to
identify product formulation, cost, and/or productivity issues and develop
solutions to these problems based on proprietary, value-added, highly functional
food ingredients. Core elements of the Company's strategy include:
Solving Customer Problems Through Innovation. Opta's primary focus is on
solving its customers' problems rapidly through innovation rather than through
the traditional approach of selling basic raw materials or products derived
through chemical syntheses. The Company works closely with its customers to
identify each of their specific needs, establish probable solutions, develop a
prototype food ingredient or formulation and to develop finished products that
meet or exceed the required sensory, functional, physical, and nutritional
parameters. Also, the finished food containing Opta's ingredient should fit
existing manufacturing processes in a cost-effective manner. Opta differentiates
itself from its competitors by being dependent neither upon any one raw material
or a single type of technology. This provides Opta the flexibility to take
whatever approach is most appropriate to solve the customer problem at hand.
Opta makes a significant investment in establishing long term
customer/supplier relationships with all its key current and prospective
accounts. This investment includes an outstanding level of service at all phases
of the customer's product development effort, from small scale formulation work
and analytical support through full commercial scale processing in their
manufacturing facilities. The return on this investment is chiefly captured via
ingredient sales, but this approach has other intangible benefits for the
Company including long term customer relationships and a high degree of
credibility in the marketplace.
Focusing on Technology Platforms as Sources of Innovation. The Company
intends to leverage the expertise and knowledge base that it has developed since
its inception to further the development of families of related, highly
functional, value-added food ingredients. In order to best exploit both internal
and external resources and play to its strengths, the Company has organized its
product portfolio and continuing new product development efforts on the basis of
three main technology platforms: Fiber-based texturizing agents, Starch-based
texturizing agents and Protein-based edible coatings. These Technology Platforms
serve as an organizing principle around which new learning can be captured,
intellectual property can be expanded, new products and applications can be
developed, and existing products can be effectively supported. These Platforms
have enabled the development of the Company's current proprietary products and
will serve as a solid base for the addition of future ingredients with physical
properties and functionality targeted to specific end uses and the solution of
specific customer problems.
Opta believes the Technology Platform approach permits it to solve multiple
customer and industry problems without requiring a separate investment for each
solution while retaining the flexibility to customize solutions for a wider
variety of industry problems. The Company also believes that future growth will
be derived from internally developed technology as well as from acquisitions of
complementary product lines and technologies to which Opta is confident that it
can add value and generate incremental revenue growth.
Employing Sophisticated Science and Practical Food Industry Experience to
Develop GRAS Food Ingredients. The Company relies upon its ability to combine
proprietary technological advances with practical food industry experience to
solve highly complex and specific food formulation problems presented by its
customers. Opta's research and development effort is conducted by a team of
scientists with expertise in the relevant sciences including enzymology and
protein and carbohydrate chemistries who work alongside experts in food science
and food engineering. The Company seeks to modify inexpensive raw materials to
produce value-added, natural food ingredients that meet the requirements for
GRAS status and that permit customers to have consumer-friendly labels which may
enable all-natural or other claims for their products.
Utilizing a Technically Sophisticated Customer Account Team and Marketing
Force. Opta believes the most effective way to solve a customer's problem is to
gain a thorough understanding of each customer at all levels, build solid
working relationships throughout the customer's organization, be knowledgeable
of the market segment in which the customer competes, and have a detailed
technical understanding of the customer's problem as well as their preferred
solution. The Company takes a multidisciplinary approach in order to achieve
this level of customer understanding and level of service. Members of Opta's
direct sales force are teamed up with the appropriate technical personnel to
work as "consultants" in defining and developing a range of potential solutions
to their formulation and product development problems. Through an iterative
process, the solution is refined and ultimately delivered to the customer's
specification. In all cases, Opta's strategy is to provide outstanding service
and responsiveness which the Company believes will lead to additional
opportunities with existing and prospective customers.
OPTA'S NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
AND COMMERCIALIZATION PROCESS
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All of the Company's product development efforts are driven by specifically
stated and defined customer or market needs. In order to respond quickly to
market needs that represent credible opportunities for the Company, Opta employs
a simple, efficient system for integrating its development and commercialization
activities. The system has three primary stages: Discovery, Assessment and
Planning, and Execution and Review.
The Discovery Stage
The Company's management, marketing, applications and technical service,
research and development personnel and direct sales team maintain close working
relationships with leading consumer food and foodservice companies. Opta
actively seeks to assist in the definition and assessment of customers'
ingredient-related needs whether the issue is quality, functionality, cost,
processibility, or otherwise. Opta assimilates this information on customer
needs into its Opportunity Portfolio, a database of all new product ideas and
concepts. The
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Portfolio is reviewed on a regular basis to keep the pipeline of new
developmental ingredients full. The review examines certain criteria such as
technical feasibility, market opportunity, the specific customer need that is to
be fulfilled, ability to patent or maintain as proprietary, potential
manufacturing costs and efficiencies, availability of raw materials and
qualification for GRAS status. Once an opportunity is judged to be credible and
achievable, the program proceeds to the next step.
The Assessment and Planning Stage
In this phase, key questions and critical hurdles regarding successful
outcome of a specific ingredient development effort are identified and
evaluated. An in-depth assessment is then made of the opportunity as technical
hurdles are defined, and a manufacturing strategy is developed. The purpose of
this stage is to ensure that there is a clear and common understanding within
the Company of the exact nature of the opportunity, the resources that will be
required to execute such opportunity and the deadline for its completion.
The Execution and Review Stage
Opta pursues its new product development and commercialization efforts by
employing cross-functional project teams and classic project management
techniques. A clear objective and deadline is set, the appropriate team members
from each of Opta's functional groups are assembled, and a Project Team Leader
is appointed. A formal project plan is put in place that contains the key
milestones, critical path activities, and other pertinent information for
driving the development and commercialization effort. Opta works closely with
its customers at all stages of new ingredient development - bench, pilot and
commercial scale - by sampling of prototype ingredients to the appropriate
customers for real world testing. This approach is essential in maximizing the
chances for success of newly commercialized ingredients. Another main feature of
this development stage is periodic project review. As any project proceeds, the
original objective and project plan may be modified based on new information or
the results of customer testing. Opta's process allows for flexibility and
provides opportunities to ensure that the ingredient under development is on
target with the customer need to be filled.
Once Opta and a potential customer agree that a test ingredient is
functional and of practical value, production scale-up commences, manufacturing
process is verified and any regulatory clearances are obtained. After launching
a new ingredient, Opta commercializes the ingredient for other applications and
other customers. Whenever possible, Opta manufactures and markets its own
products and distributes them through its direct sales organization within the
U.S. and through strategic partners internationally.
PRODUCTS
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Opta has organized its product portfolio on the basis of three main
technology platforms: fiber-based texturizers which include Opta Oat Fibers and
konjac flour, starch-based texturizers which include OptaGrade, OptaMist, Optex,
OptaFil and CrystaLean and protein-based edible coatings which include
OptaGlaze.
In addition to helping food manufacturers improve the healthfulness of
their food products, Opta's family of texturizing ingredients can improve the
overall quality of food products, reduce formulation costs, and meet specific
processing requirements. The Company believes that all of its products are GRAS
under current FDA regulations.
Opta Oat Fibers
Opta Oat Fibers are a family of natural insoluble fiber products derived
from oat hulls. Opta Oat Fibers are used commercially to increase yield and
enhance texture in ground meat products, to add strength and reduce breakage of
taco shells and ice cream cones, and to enhance texture in breads, cookies and
crackers. In addition, Opta Oat Fibers are sold to a group of independent bakers
for in use in McDonald's hamburger buns.
OptaGrade
OptaGrade is a natural, starch-based texturizing agent that is used
commercially in a variety of dairy products including natural, imitation, and
processed cheeses, sour cream, cream cheese and cottage cheese. Fat free cheeses
made with OptaGrade have shown superb meltability with none of the off-taste or
rubbery texture found in most fat free and reduced fat cheeses. By using
OptaGrade in cottage cheese, food manufacturers are able to reduce total
formulation costs while delivering excellent taste, texture and appearance.
OptaGrade is also used to improve the taste and texture of reduced fat and fat
free cream cheeses. In sour cream, OptaGrade is used to create a smooth, creamy
texture and can replace up to eight other ingredients allowing for a "cleaner"
ingredient label.
OptaMist
OptaMist is also a starch-based texturizing agent that improves the taste,
texture and appearance of dairy products, salad dressings and mayonnaise. While
the functionality of OptaMist is similar to that of OptaGrade, its unique
processing flexibility allows it to be used in food products made within a wide
variety of processing systems. OptaMist-based products are under development and
scale-up at several food companies and we expect our first commercial product
sales in 1998.
Optex
Optex is a microparticulated, starch-based texturizing agent that provides
a smooth, fat-like texture and opacity in high viscosity food products such as
reduced fat or fat free mayonnaise, margarine-type spreads and spoonable salad
dressings. Optex is currently being tested by a number of food companies for a
variety of applications including reduced fat peanut butter spread.
OptaFil
OptaFil is a starch-based opacifying agent and whitener used in reduced fat
or fat free dairy and non-dairy creamers, whipped toppings, beverages, cheeses
and salad dressings. OptaFil has gained acceptance in the marketplace because it
is easy to use and reduces residue on processing equipment. It is being used
commercially in fat free non-dairy creamers and, in combination with OptaGrade,
in fat free feta cheese.
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CrystaLean
CrystaLean is an enzyme-resistant, starch-based bulking and texturizing
agent designed to enhance texture and add fiber to food products including baked
goods and extruded products such as cereals and snack foods. CrystaLean is being
tested by a number of food companies for various applications and is being used
commercially in a nutrition bar specifically marketed to diabetics.
OptaGlaze
OptaGlaze is a family of ready-to-use, aqueous-based coatings derived from
wheat gluten which are used to enhance gloss and visual appearance and to adhere
seeds, nuts or seasonings to baked goods, snack foods, and processed meats.
OptaGlaze is currently being used commercially on a baked ham product. In 1997,
the Company developed a related product called Baking Gloss targeted for use in
retail and in-store bakeries. The Company expects to launch Baking Gloss in
1998.
Konjac Flour
In 1997, Opta signed an agreement with Shimizu International, Inc. of Japan
to become its exclusive North American distributor for konjac flour. A unique
and very versatile texturizing agent obtained from the konjac plant commonly
cultivated in east Asia, konjac flour provides excellent heat and freeze thaw
stability when used to thicken or gel processed foods. The potential advantages
and uses of konjac flour as a functional ingredient in food are just beginning
to be realized by the North American food industry. In Asia, konjac flour is
valued not only for its use as a food ingredient, but also for its beneficial
role as a soluble fiber in the diet. For example, there are many published
studies which demonstrate the ability of konjac flour to reduce serum
cholesterol levels in humans. Konjac flour is currently being tested by a number
of food companies for a variety of applications including surimi, vegetarian
burgers and ground meat.
Substantially all of the Company's revenue is derived from sales of Opta
Oat Fibers and OptaGrade.
Opta's priorities over the next two years are to capitalize on its current
opportunities to build a significant Opta Oat Fibers business with its principal
customers; to increase market penetration for OptaGrade in the product
categories where it is currently being sold, as well as to extend its use to
other targeted product categories; to complete the development and commercial
launch of a new, starch-based texturizing product technology that the Company
believes will extend the starch-based technology platform into new applications;
to continue the marketing and commercial development of OptaMist, Optex,
OptaGlaze, CrystaLean, OptaFil, and konjac flour; and to continue to innovate
next generation products and technologies based upon specific customer needs and
requests. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in
fulfilling any or all of these priorities on a timely basis, or at all, or that,
for various reasons including market conditions, available capital and
management resources, the Company will be able to continue to pursue these
priorities.
CUSTOMERS, SALES AND MARKETING
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Customers
At December 31, 1997, Opta's products were being used in more than 35
different applications by nearly 150 different customers, including five of the
ten largest U.S. consumer packaged food companies and two of the world's largest
quick service restaurant chains. In the competitive consumer food and food
service industries, product formulations are competitive assets, and, as a
result, the Company's customers and prospective customers generally require Opta
to retain their identity in strict confidence. As a consequence, Opta is
typically prohibited from revealing any such product or customer information
without their consent.
During 1997 and 1996, a significant portion, but not a majority, of product
sales were to a group of independent bakeries who supply a quick service
restaurant chain. There were no individual customers during the years ended
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995 representing greater than 10% of total revenue.
Export sales were 14% (5% to Europe and 9% to the Middle East); 11% (3% to
Europe and 8% to the Middle East); and 18% (10% to Europe and 8% to the Middle
East) for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Sales and Marketing
Utilizing a technically sophisticated customer account team and marketing
force, Opta believes the most effective way to solve a customer's problem is to
gain a thorough understanding of each customer at all levels, build solid
working relationships throughout the customer's organization, be knowledgeable
of the market segment in which the customer competes, and have a detailed
technical understanding of the customer's problem as well as their preferred
solution. The Company takes a multidisciplinary approach in order to achieve
this level of customer understanding and level of service. Members of Opta's
direct sales force are teamed up with the appropriate technical personnel to
work as "consultants" in defining and developing a range of potential solutions
to their formulation and product development problems. Through an iterative
process, the solution is refined and ultimately delivered to the customer's
specification. In all cases, Opta's strategy is to provide outstanding service
and responsiveness which the Company believes will lead to additional
opportunities with existing and prospective customers.
MANUFACTURING
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During 1995, the Company expanded its Opta Oat Fibers facility in
Louisville, Kentucky to double the plant's capacity. With this additional
capacity, the Company expects that it will be able to meet its customers'
orders. In addition, as a result of growing customer demand for OptaGrade, in
May 1996, the Company acquired a 35,000 square foot manufacturing facility in
Galesburg, Illinois. The facility was renovated during 1997 and the Company
anticipates the facility to produce all of its starch-based food ingredient
products in 1998. The facility is expected to significantly increase the
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Company's production capacity for its starch-based food ingredient products
including OptaGrade, OptaMist and Optex. There can be no assurance that the
demand for the Company's products will increase or remain at current levels to
justify any such additional capacity, or that the Company's manufacturing
capability will otherwise be sufficient to meet customer demands.
COMPETITION
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The food ingredients industry is intensely competitive. Competitors include
major chemical companies with food ingredient divisions, other food ingredient
companies and those consumer food companies that also engage in the development
and sale of food ingredients. Many of these competitors have substantially
greater financial and technical resources as well as production and marketing
capabilities than the Company. In addition, many of the Company's competitors
have significantly greater experience than the Company in the testing of new or
improved products.
The texturizing agent market is particularly competitive. Many companies
are engaged in the development of fat replacers and other texturizing agents,
and have introduced a number of products. Few of these fat replacers have
succeeded and none has become dominant. Opta believes that specifically tailored
texturizers must be developed to meet the particular textural, taste and
processing requirements of each food category. The Company, therefore, is
developing a number of separate and distinct products with functionality
tailored to a specific end use.
The fiber segment of the texturizing agent market is large and competitive.
Besides competing with other oat fiber companies, Opta competes directly and
indirectly with producers of other types of fiber including soy and sugar beet
fibers. Opta believes that the Company will be able to use its scientific
expertise and proprietary knowledge to manipulate oat fiber so that it can be
used to improve the texture of foods in a manner that offers certain advantages
over competitive fiber products, but there can be no assurance that any such
advantages will be realized.
The Company believes that its success in competing with others will be
based on retaining scientific and technical expertise, identifying customer
needs for food ingredient solutions to solve food processing problems, rapidly
innovating and developing new food ingredients, developing food ingredients
which are GRAS and successfully testing, producing and marketing these products.
PATENTS AND TRADE SECRETS
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The Company's policy is to protect its technology by, among other things,
filing patent applications for technology relating to the development of its
business in the U.S. and in selected foreign jurisdictions. The Company has 31
issued U.S. patents and has 8 pending U.S. patent applications relating to
products at various stages of technological development. Certain of the U.S.
issued patents and pending patent applications have corresponding foreign patent
applications.
The Company's success will depend, in part, on its ability to protect its
products and technology under U.S. and international patent laws and other
intellectual property laws. The Company believes that it owns or has the right
to use all proprietary technology necessary to manufacture and market its
products under development. There can be no assurance, however, that patent
applications relating to the Company's products or technology will result in
patents being issued or that current or additional patents will afford
protection against competitors with similar technology. In addition, companies
that obtain patents claiming products or processes that are necessary for or
useful to the development of the Company's products can bring legal actions
against the Company claiming infringement.
The Company also relies on trade secrets and proprietary know-how and
confidentiality agreements to protect certain of its technologies and processes.
There can be no assurance that the Company's outside partners and contract
manufacturers will be prevented from gaining access to the Company's proprietary
technology and confidential information.
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
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Opta's food ingredient products are regulated under the 1958 Food Additive
Amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 (the "Act"), as
administered by the FDA. Under the Act, pre-marketing approval by the FDA is
required for the sale of a food ingredient which is a food additive unless the
substance is GRAS under the conditions of its intended use by experts qualified
by scientific training and experience to evaluate the safety of food
ingredients. A food additive is any substance, "the intended use of which
results or may reasonably be expected to result, directly or indirectly, in its
becoming a component or otherwise affecting the characteristics of any food."
Such pre-marketing approval for ingredients that are not GRAS, which is issued
in the form of formal regulation, requires a showing both that the food
ingredient is safe under its intended conditions of use and that it achieves the
function for which it is intended. GRAS status can be established in two ways,
either by "self-affirmation" in which the producer determines on its own that
the ingredient is GRAS, or by the issuance of a "GRAS affirmation regulation" by
the FDA in response to a GRAS petition. A food ingredient may be deemed GRAS
under the conditions of its intended use based upon its history of common use in
foods prior to 1958, or based upon scientific procedures which produce the same
quantity and quality of scientific evidence as would be required for the FDA to
issue a pre-market approval of the sale of a food additive.
In either case, in order to establish that a product is GRAS, it must not
only actually be safe in its intended use, but it must be generally recognized
as such. If a food ingredient is not entitled to GRAS status, pre-market
approval must be sought through the filing of a Food Additive Petition.
Countries other than the United States also regulate the sale of food
ingredients. Regulations vary substantially from country to country, and Opta
takes appropriate steps to comply with such regulations as necessary.
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Opta Oat Fibers, OptaGrade, OptaMist, Optex, OptaGlaze, CrystaLean and
OptaFil are being marketed pursuant to GRAS self-affirmation. Opta believes that
the other products for which it has retained commercial rights will also be
determined to be GRAS. However, such status cannot be determined until actual
formulations and uses are finalized, and Opta will then decide whether self-
affirmation procedures or a GRAS petition will be appropriate. Certain of the
Company's products may require a Food Additive Petition and in the event that
one is required, the Company may elect to sell or license its rights to another
party. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in bringing
its products to market based on its determination that such products meet these
criteria. Opta has established an independent Regulatory Board, a panel of
industry experts, to review the publicly available information and certify that
they have reviewed such data and regard an ingredient as GRAS.
HUMAN RESOURCES
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At December 31, 1997, Opta employed 71 full-time employees, 12 of whom hold
Ph.D. or other advanced scientific degrees. Many of the Company's management and
professional employees have had prior experience with consumer food companies.
None of the Company's employees is covered by collective bargaining agreements,
and management considers relations with its employees to be good.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
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Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the captions "Business"
and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations," as well as oral statements that may be made by the Company or by
officers, directors or employees of the Company acting on the Company's behalf,
that are not historical fact constitute "forward-looking statements" within the
meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-
looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
factors that could cause the actual results of the Company to be materially
different from the historical results or from any results expressed or implied
by such forward-looking statements. Factors which could cause actual results to
differ from these expectations include the size and timing of significant
orders, as well as deferral of orders, over which the Company has no control;
the extended product testing cycles of the Company's potential customers; the
variation in the Company's sales cycles from customer to customer; increased
competition posed by food ingredient manufacturers; changes in pricing policies
by the Company and its competitors; the adequacy of existing, or the need to
secure or build additional manufacturing capacity in order to meet the demand
for the Company's products; the Company's success in expanding its sales and
marketing programs and its ability to gain increased market acceptance for its
existing product lines; the Company's ability to timely develop and introduce
new products in its pipeline at acceptable costs; the ability to scale up and
successfully produce its products; the potential for significant quarterly
variations in the mix of sales among the Company's products; the gain or loss of
significant customers; shortages in the availability of raw materials from the
Company's suppliers; the impact of new government regulations on food products;
and general economic conditions.
Item 2. Properties
The Company owns a 45,000 square foot building in Bedford, Massachusetts
which the Company uses for its headquarters, pilot plant, research and
development laboratories and general corporate offices. Approximately 15,000
square feet of space in this building is leased to a third party under a lease
expiring in September 1999. In addition, the Company subleases approximately
24,000 square feet in Louisville, Kentucky, for a term expiring in 2005. This
space is occupied by the Company's Opta Oat Fibers manufacturing plant,
warehouses, related laboratories and offices. In May 1996, the Company acquired
a 35,000 square foot manufacturing facility in Galesburg, Illinois. This
facility supports the production of its starch-based food ingredient products.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation relating to claims
arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. The Company is
currently not a party to any legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which,
individually or in the aggregate, management believes would have a material
adverse effect on the financial position or results of operations of the
Company.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Not applicable.
Executive Officers
See Item 10.
-7-
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART II
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
The Company's Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the
symbol "OPTS", and is listed on NASDAQ's National Market System. The following
table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices for the Company's Common
Stock as reported by the NASDAQ National Market for each of the periods
indicated:
Year Ended December 31, 1996 High Low
---------------------------------------------------------------------
First Quarter 13 7/8 6 1/2
Second Quarter 19 1/2 9 7/8
Third Quarter 10 3/8 5 7/8
Fourth Quarter 9 3/4 5 1/8
Year Ended December 31, 1997
---------------------------------------------------------------------
First Quarter 7 1/2 5 3/8
Second Quarter 8 1/8 4
Third Quarter 7 5/8 5 1/16
Fourth Quarter 7 1/4 4 3/8
The Company has never paid a cash dividend. The Company intends to retain
all of its earnings, if any, for use in its business and does not intend to pay
cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, certain of the Company's
loan agreements contain covenants that restrict the Company's ability to pay
dividends. Future dividend policy will depend, among other factors, upon the
Company's earnings and its financial condition.
As of March 2, 1998, there were approximately 175 holders of record of the
Company's Common Stock (approximately 2,500 beneficial holders).
Item 6. Selected Financial Data (in thousands, except per share data)
The following selected financial data for the five years ended December 31,
1997 has been derived from the Company's financial statements audited by Price
Waterhouse LLP, independent accountants. The Company's financial statements and
the report thereon are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The information below should be read in conjunction with the Company's financial
statements and the related notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," included in Item 7.
For the Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
-------- ------- -------- ------- -------
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue $ 8,799 $ 9,229 $ 7,067 $ 4,821 $ 3,396
Cost of revenue 6,730 7,409 6,340 4,209 3,113
Selling, general and
administrative expenses 3,874 3,868 2,725 2,397 2,473
Research and
development expenses 4,236 4,038 3,102 3,018 3,626
Loss from operations (6,041) (6,086) (5,100) (4,803) (5,816)
Net loss (4,569) (4,527) (4,197) (4,596) (5,733)
Basic and diluted net
loss per share (1) (.41) (.42) (.48) (.75) (1.19)
(1) Computed on the basis described in Note 2 of Notes to Financial Statements.
December 31,
------------------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Balance Sheet Data:
Current assets $37,808 $42,876 $48,848 $16,055 $ 8,212
Total assets 50,965 55,903 61,269 25,423 18,204
Current liabilities 3,847 3,117 3,152 1,928 1,621
Long term liabilities 2,625 4,417 6,125 4,544 4,549
Total stockholders' equity 44,493 48,369 51,992 18,951 12,034
-8-
<PAGE>
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
The following Discussion and Analysis of the Company's Financial Condition
and Results of Operations contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains,
in addition to historical statements, forward-looking statements that involve
risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ significantly
from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could
cause or contribute to such differences include the factors discussed in the
section titled "Business" under the caption "Cautionary Statement Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements" as well as other factors in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
INTRODUCTION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Opta Food Ingredients, Inc. is a fully integrated developer, manufacturer
and marketer of proprietary food ingredients used by consumer food companies to
improve the nutritional content, healthfulness and taste of a wide variety of
foods. The Company modifies inexpensive raw materials and produces natural food
ingredients that can be considered GRAS under current FDA regulations.
The Company began shipping its first product, EverFresh, in November 1991,
acquired an oat fiber business in June 1992 and launched Opta Oat Fibers in
September 1992, began shipping OptaGrade in the fourth quarter of 1993,
commercialized CrystaLean and OptaFil in 1994 and introduced OptaMist, Optex and
OptaGlaze in June 1996. The Company currently derives substantially all of its
revenue from its Opta Oat Fibers and OptaGrade products. The Company has not
been profitable since inception and expects to incur additional losses. This
discussion should be read in conjunction with the section titled "Business", the
financial statements, and the notes to the financial statements, included
elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 Compared to 1996
Revenue. Revenue for the year ended December 31, 1997 was $8.8 million
representing a decrease of approximately $430,000 or 5% in comparison to 1996
revenue of $9.2 million. The decrease in 1997 revenue was largely, the result of
decreased demand from one of the Company's major customers. During 1997, the
Company relied on various contract manufacturers to supply certain of the
Company's finished goods for sale to its customers. As the Company previously
indicated in its 10-Q filings for the quarters ended June 30, 1997 and September
30, 1997, third and fourth quarter revenue in 1997 was negatively impacted by
one such contract manufacturer's refusal to continue to supply finished product
to Opta for a new major customer. The Company has taken and intends to continue
to take aggressive steps to enforce and protect its rights. However, the Company
does not expect this dispute to negatively impact 1998 revenue.
Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 1997 was
$6.7 million representing a decrease of $679,000 or 9% in comparison to 1996
cost of revenue of $7.4 million. Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue
decreased to 76% in 1997 as compared to 80% in 1996. This percentage decrease
was largely the result of certain improvements in Opta Oat Fibers margins
resulting from operating efficiencies as well as a reduction in manufacturing
costs. Opta is attempting to further reduce its cost of revenue as a percentage
of revenue in 1998 due to manufacturing efficiencies gained from increased
production volume, although there is no assurance that such reductions will be
realized.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and
administrative ("SG&A") expenses for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996
were $3.9 million. SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 44% in
1997 from 42% in 1996.
Research and Development Expenses. Research and development ("R&D")
expenses for the year ended December 31, 1997 were $4.2 million representing an
increase of $198,000 or 5% in comparison to 1996 R&D expenses of $4.0 million.
R&D expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 48% in 1997 from 44% in
1996. The increase in R&D expenses is the result of start-up costs of the
Galesburg, Illinois production facility incurred during 1997.
Other Income. Other income for the year ended December 31, 1997 was $1.5
million representing a decrease of $87,000 or 6% in comparison to 1996 other
income of $1.6 million. The decrease is due to decreased interest earned on
decreased cash and cash equivalents offset in part by decreased interest paid on
decreased long term debt in 1997 in comparison to 1996.
1996 Compared to 1995
Revenue. Revenue for the year ended December 31, 1996 was $9.2 million
representing an increase of $2.1 million or 31% over 1995 revenue of $7.1
million. The increase in 1996 revenue reflected the increase in product sales
due to continued commercial sales of OptaGrade and Opta Oat Fibers by new and
existing customers.
Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 1996 was
$7.4 million representing an increase of $1.1 million or 17% over 1995 cost of
revenue of $6.3 million. Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue decreased to
80% in 1996 as compared to 90% in 1995. This decrease reflected certain
improvements in OptaGrade and Opta Oat Fibers margins resulting from operating
efficiencies related to increased production capacity.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SG&A expenses for the year
ended December 31, 1996 were $3.9 million representing an increase of $1.1
million or 42% over 1995 SG&A expenses of $2.7 million. SG&A expenses as a
percentage of revenue increased to 42% in 1996 from 39% in 1995. The increase in
SG&A expenses was due to hiring of additional sales and
-9-
<PAGE>
marketing staff and related expenses in addition to increased consulting
expenses in 1996.
Research and Development Expenses. R&D expenses for the year ended December
31, 1996 were $4.0 million representing an increase of $.9 million or 30% over
1995 R&D expenses of $3.1 million. R&D expenses as a percentage of revenue were
44% in both 1996 and 1995. The increase in R&D expenses resulted from pilot
plant trials related to new product development, initial operating costs of the
new Galesburg, Illinois production facility and increases in salaries and
related expenses including recruiting costs.
Other Income. Other income for the year ended December 31, 1996 was $1.6
million representing an increase of $.7 million or 73% as compared to 1995 other
income of $.9 million. The increase reflected the interest earned on increased
cash and cash equivalents resulting from proceeds of the Company's public
offering of common stock in the third quarter of 1995 and the exercise of
warrants to purchase common stock associated with the Company's 1994 private
placement.
Income Taxes
At December 31, 1997, the Company had available net operating loss
carryforwards of approximately $28.8 million for income tax purposes. In
addition, the Company had approximately $0.7 million of unused research and
development tax credits. These net operating loss and credit carryforwards
expire at various dates between 2006 and 2012.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At December 31, 1997, the Company had approximately $33.7 million in cash
and cash equivalents and approximately $34 million of working capital.
The Company used approximately $2.4 million of cash in operations during
the year ended December 31, 1997 compared with approximately $4.6 million in
1996. The Company expects to incur significant operating losses as it continues
to increase its investment in the development, production and marketing of its
new and existing products. The Company intends to fund its operating losses
principally through product sales, existing cash and cash equivalents, short
term investments, equity financing and long and short term debt. Inventories
decreased from approximately $3.5 million at December 31, 1996 to $2.5 million
at December 31, 1997. The decrease in inventories is related to the reduction in
OptaGrade inventory levels due to the renovation of the Galesburg production
facility during 1997. The Company anticipates that the Galesburg facility will
supply all of its starch-based product requirements during 1998.
Capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 were
approximately $1.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The higher level of
capital expenditures for 1996 is primarily related to the acquisition of the
Galesburg, Illinois production facility. The Company's various debt agreements
contain covenants that restrict the Company's ability to participate in merger
discussions, pay dividends, limit annual capital expenditures, invest in certain
types of securities and obtain additional debt financing without bank approval.
The Company was in compliance with respect to all covenants and restrictions in
its loan agreements at December 31, 1997.
The Company believes that continued expenditures will be necessary to
support its anticipated growth. The Company believes its existing cash and cash
equivalents, short term investments, long and short term debt and product sales,
will be adequate to fund its currently planned operations, capital requirements
and expansion needs through at least 1998. However, the Company may require
additional capital in the long term, which it may seek through equity or debt
financing, equipment lease financing or funds from other sources. No assurance
can be given that these funds will be available to the Company on acceptable
terms, if at all. In addition, because of the Company's need for funds to
support future operations, it may seek to obtain capital when conditions are
favorable, even if it does not have an immediate need for additional capital at
such time.
The Company is currently in the process of evaluating its computer software
and databases to ensure that any modifications required to be Year 2000
compliant are made in a timely manner. Management does not expect the financial
impact of such modifications to be material to the Company's financial position
or results of operations in any given year.
- 10 -
<PAGE>
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Page
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Report of Independent Accountants 11
Balance Sheet at December 31, 1997 and 1996 12
Statement of Operations for the three years ended December 31, 1997 13
Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the three years ended
December 31, 1997 14
Statement of Cash Flows for the three years ended December 31, 1997 15
Notes to Financial Statements 16
All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not
applicable, not material, or the required information is shown in the
financial statements or the notes thereto.
Report of Independent Accountants
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Opta Food Ingredients, Inc.
In our opinion, the financial statements listed in the index appearing
under Item 14(a)(1) and (2) on page 24 present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position of Opta Food Ingredients, Inc. at December 31, 1997 and
1996, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 1997, in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our
audits of these statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above.
/s/ Price Waterhouse LLP
Price Waterhouse LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 10, 1998
-11-
<PAGE>
BALANCE SHEET
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands, except share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
-----------------
1997 1996
------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 33,689 $ 37,605
Short term investments - 642
Accounts receivable, net 1,409 1,003
Inventories, net 2,548 3,490
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 162 136
-------- --------
Total current assets 37,808 42,876
Fixed assets, net 12,208 11,914
Patents and trademarks, net 791 883
Restricted cash 50 125
Other assets 108 105
-------- --------
$ 50,965 $ 55,903
======== ========
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long term debt $ 1,485 $ 1,492
Accounts payable 1,303 758
Accrued expenses 1,059 867
-------- --------
Total current liabilities 3,847 3,117
Long term debt 2,625 4,117
Deferred revenue and other liabilities - 300
Commitments (Note 16) - -
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 3,000,000 shares
authorized, no shares issued or outstanding - -
Common stock, $.01 par value; 15,000,000 shares
authorized, 11,079,833 and 10,965,681 shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively 111 110
Additional paid-in capital 79,681 78,989
Accumulated deficit (35,299) (30,730)
-------- --------
44,493 48,369
-------- --------
$ 50,965 $ 55,903
======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
-12-
<PAGE>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Year ended December 31,
---------------------------
1997 1996 1995
-------- -------- --------
Product revenue $ 8,799 $ 9,229 $ 7,067
Cost and expenses:
Cost of revenue 6,730 7,409 6,340
Selling, general and administrative 3,874 3,868 2,725
Research and development 4,236 4,038 3,102
-------- -------- --------
14,840 15,315 12,167
-------- -------- --------
Loss from operations (6,041) (6,086) (5,100)
Interest income 1,906 2,146 1,308
Interest expense (418) (569) (400)
Other expense, net (16) (18) (5)
-------- -------- --------
Net loss $(4,569) $(4,527) $(4,197)
======== ======== ========
Basic and diluted net loss per share $ (.41) $ (.42) $ (.48)
======== ======== ========
Weighted average shares outstanding 11,034 10,877 8,717
======== ======== ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
-13-
<PAGE>
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands, except share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Common Stock
------------------ Notes
Additional Receivable Total
Number of Par Paid-in Accumulated for Stock Stockholders'
Shares Value Capital Deficit Issuance Equity
----------- ----- ---------- ----------- ---------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1994 7,382,752 $ 74 $ 40,901 $ (22,006) $(18) $ 18,951
Sale of common stock pursuant to public offering,
net of offering costs 2,300,000 23 32,023 - - 32,046
Sale of common stock pursuant to exercise of
stock warrants 879,500 8 4,206 - - 4,214
Sale of common stock pursuant to Pfizer stock rights 99,271 1 586 - - 587
Sale of common stock pursuant to exercise of
stock options 83,049 1 310 - - 311
Sale of common stock under employee stock
purchase plan 8,498 - 62 - - 62
Repurchase of founders stock (7,538) - - - - -
Forgiveness of notes receivable for stock issuance - - - - 18 18
Net loss - - - (4,197) - (4,197)
----------- ----- ---------- ----------- ---------- -------------
Balance at December 31, 1995 10,745,532 107 78,088 (26,203) - 51,992
Sale of common stock pursuant to exercise of
stock options 135,145 2 423 - - 425
Sale of common stock pursuant to exercise of
stock warrants 76,000 1 421 - - 422
Sale of common stock under employee stock
purchase plan 9,004 - 57 - - 57
Net loss - - - (4,527) - (4,527)
----------- ----- ---------- ----------- ---------- -------------
Balance at December 31, 1996 10,965,681 110 78,989 (30,730) - 48,369
Sale of common stock pursuant to exercise of
stock warrants 85,526 1 615 - - 616
Sale of common stock pursuant to exercise of
stock options 21,918 - 45 - - 45
Sale of common stock under employee stock
purchase plan 6,708 - 32 - - 32
Net loss - - - (4,569) - (4,569)
----------- ----- ---------- ----------- ---------- -------------
Balance at December 31, 1997 11,079,833 $111 $ 79,681 $ (35,299) $ - $ 44,493
=========== ===== =========== =========== ========== =============
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
-14-
<PAGE>
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended December 31,
-----------------------------
1997 1996 1995
--------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $ (4,569) $ (4,527) $ (4,197)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net
cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,226 1,206 798
Forgiveness of notes receivable 40 20 68
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in accounts
receivable, net (406) 130 (535)
(Increase) decrease in inventories, net 942 (1,256) (931)
(Increase) decrease in prepaid
expenses and other current assets (26) 178 (127)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable 545 (5) 176
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses 192 (15) (109)
Decrease in deferred revenue and other
liabilities (300) (327) (242)
--------- --------- ---------
Total adjustments 2,213 (69) (902)
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash used in operating activities (2,356) (4,596) (5,099)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of short term investments (3,944) (5,970) (5,785)
Maturity of short term investments 4,586 10,321 3,094
Purchase of fixed assets (1,304) (1,783) (3,762)
Increase in patents and trademarks (124) (178) (211)
Decrease in restricted cash 75 75 75
(Increase) decrease in other assets (43) 54 (3)
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash (used in) provided by investing
activities (754) 2,519 (6,592)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net 693 904 37,220
Proceeds from issuance of long term debt - 151 3,300
Principal payments on long term debt (1,499) (1,547) (320)
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash (used in) provided by financing
activities (806) (492) 40,200
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents (3,916) (2,569) 28,509
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 37,605 40,174 11,665
--------- --------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 33,689 $ 37,605 $ 40,174
========= ========= =========
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow
information:
Cash paid for interest $ 404 $ 551 $ 379
========= ========= =========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
-15-
<PAGE>
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Opta Food Ingredients, Inc. (the "Company") is a fully integrated developer,
manufacturer and marketer of proprietary food ingredients which it sells to
consumer food and food service companies. The Company was legally incorporated
on April 23, 1991. The preparation of financial statements requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the financial statements. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition
Revenue for product sales is recognized upon shipment. Revenue from product
licensing and contract research agreements is recognized as earned pursuant to
the related agreement terms. Advance payments received under these agreements
are recorded as deferred revenue.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Short Term Investments and Concentration of Credit
Risk
Cash and cash equivalents include investments with initial maturities of three
months or less. Short term investments, which are considered available-for-sale
and have contractual maturities within one year, are recorded at fair value
which approximates cost. The Company does not believe that it is subject to any
unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk related to operating its
business.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash represents a portion of a short term investment held at a bank
as collateral on the Company's debt agreement for greater than a one year period
(Note 9).
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are reflected net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of
$107,000 at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amount of the Company's financial instruments, primarily cash
equivalents and short term investments at December 31, 1997 and 1996,
approximates their fair value due to the short maturity or holding period.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, cost determined using the
first-in, first-out method. Inventories are reflected net of reserves of
$250,000 and $239,000 at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method
over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from five to thirty-
nine years. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed.
Patents and Trademarks
Patent and trademark costs are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line
basis over the shorter of the estimated economic lives or the stated terms of
the patent or trademark. Amortization periods are eight and ten years,
respectively.
Stock Compensation
The Company's stock option plans are accounted for using the intrinsic value
method to measure compensation expense in accordance with Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees". In 1996, the
Company adopted only the footnote disclosure requirements of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation" ("FAS 123", Note 12) which discloses the pro forma effect of
compensation expense of all equity instruments issued to employees.
Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is determined by dividing the net loss by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the year. All common stock
equivalents have been excluded from weighted average shares outstanding for
calculating diluted net loss per share. During the fourth quarter of 1997, the
Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 128, "Earnings
Per Share"(FAS 128"). FAS 128 replaces primary and fully diluted earnings per
share with basic and diluted earnings per share. The adoption of this standard
had no effect on the Company's per share calculation as the Company has incurred
net losses since inception.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years' financial
statements to conform to current presentation. These reclassifications have no
effect on the Company's results of operations or financial position.
3. Cash Equivalents and Short Term Investments
Following is a summary of the fair market value of available-for-sale securities
by balance sheet classification (in thousands):
December 31,
----------------
1997 1996
------- -------
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds $24,783 $24,641
Commercial paper 3,975 3,720
U.S. government obligations 1,895 8,936
Repurchase agreement 1,119 -
------- -------
$31,772 $37,297
======= =======
Short term investments:
U.S. government obligations $ - $ 395
Commercial paper - 247
------- -------
$ - $ 642
======= =======
At December 31, 1996, short term investments were carried at fair market value
which approximates amortized cost. Gross unrealized gains and losses at December
31, 1997 and 1996 and realized gains and losses on sales of securities for the
years then ended were not significant.
-16-
<PAGE>
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Notes Receivable
At December 31, 1997 and 1996, notes receivable from an officer and an employee
are included in other assets. The terms of the notes forgive the principal and
related interest ratably over a five year period as long as the officer and
employee remain employed by the Company or if terminated without cause. Balances
of these notes are as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
-----------------
1997 1996
------- -------
Unsecured note bearing interest at 8% $ 80 $ 60
Non-interest bearing note receivable, secured by the
Company's common stock owned by an officer 20 40
------- -------
$ 100 $ 100
======= =======
5. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
-----------------
1997 1996
------- -------
Raw materials $ 333 $ 339
Finished goods 2,215 3,151
------- -------
$ 2,548 $ 3,490
======= =======
6. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
-----------------
1997 1996
------- -------
Land, building and improvements $ 5,794 $ 5,783
Plant equipment 8,994 7,808
Lab equipment 562 553
Office furniture and equipment 604 506
------- -------
15,954 14,650
Accumulated depreciation (3,746) (2,736)
------- -------
$12,208 $11,914
======= =======
7. Patents and Trademarks
Patents and trademarks consist of the following (in
thousands):
December 31,
-----------------
1997 1996
------- -------
Patents and trademarks $ 1,822 $ 1,698
Accumulated amortization (1,031) (815)
------- -------
$ 791 $ 883
======= =======
-17-
<PAGE>
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
------------------
1997 1996
-------- -------
Payroll costs $ 331 $ 253
Professional fees 127 164
Other 601 450
------- -------
$ 1,059 $ 867
======= =======
9. Borrowings
Long term debt consists of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
------------------
1997 1996
------- -------
Mortgage payable to a bank due in monthly installments
of $20 including interest at 8 1/2% with the remaining
balance of $2,194 due August 1, 1998, with the option
to renew for an additional five years at the bank's
prime rate plus 2 1/2%, secured by the Company's
corporate headquarters. $ 2,225 $ 2,275
Note payable to a bank due in quarterly installments
of $275 plus interest at prime plus 1% (9.5% at
December 31, 1997) due January 1, 1999, secured
by certain fixed assets. 1,100 2,200
Note payable to a bank due in monthly installments
of $17 plus interest at 9% due November 1998, secured
by certain fixed assets. 183 383
Note payable to a state government agency and guaranteed
by the U.S. Small Business Administration due in monthly
installments of $6 including interest at 5.554% due
July 2003, secured by certain fixed assets and a $125
U.S. government security. 320 368
Note payable to a state government agency due in
monthly installments of $6 plus interest at prime plus
2 1/2% (11% at December 31, 1997) due June 2000, secured
by certain fixed assets and a second mortgage on the
Company's corporate headquarters. 179 251
Note payable to a state government agency due in monthly
installments of $3 including interest at 3% due July 2001,
secured by certain fixed assets. 103 132
------- -------
4,110 5,609
Current portion (1,485) (1,492)
------- -------
$ 2,625 $ 4,117
======= =======
Maturities of long term debt for each of the years ended
December 31 are as follows (in thousands):
1998 $ 1,485
1999 211
2000 185
2001 139
2002 134
Thereafter 1,956
-------
$ 4,110
=======
The Company has a $5 million equipment line of credit from a bank with interest
at prime or 90 day LIBOR plus 2.5%. The line of credit is available through
March 1999 and expires in March 2002. At December 31, 1997, there were no
borrowings outstanding under this credit line. The Company's debt agreements
contain certain financial covenants and restrict the Company's ability to
participate in merger discussions, pay dividends, limit annual capital
expenditures, invest in certain types of securities and obtain additional debt
financing without bank approval. At December 31, 1997, the Company was in
compliance with the terms of these agreements.
-18-
<PAGE>
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Income Taxes
Deferred tax benefits consist of the following (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
----------------------------------
1997 1996 1995
--------- --------- ---------
Federal $ 1,548 $ 1,563 $ 978
State 389 411 820
--------- --------- ---------
$ 1,937 1,974 1,798
Increase in valuation allowance (1,937) (1,974) (1,798)
--------- --------- ---------
$ - $ - $ -
========= ========= =========
Deferred tax assets consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
-----------------------------
1997 1996
--------- ---------
Net operating loss carryforwards $ 11,576 $ 9,789
Deferred revenue - 50
Research and development credit 889 778
Other state tax credits 27 53
Expense accruals and other 483 368
--------- ---------
Gross deferred tax assets 12,975 11,038
Valuation allowance (12,975) (11,038)
--------- ---------
$ - $ -
========= =========
The Company has provided a valuation allowance for the full amount of the
deferred tax assets since realization of these future benefits is not
sufficiently assured. As the Company achieves profitability, these deferred tax
assets may be available to offset future income tax liabilities and expense.
A reconciliation between the amount of reported tax expense and the amount
computed using the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% follows (in thousands):
December 31,
-----------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995
--------- --------- ---------
Income tax benefit at statutory rate $ (1,599) $ (1,584) $ (1,469)
State tax benefit, net (234) (247) (163)
Stock option exercises (3) (135) (179)
Research and development credits (146) (114) (64)
Other state credits 28 29 34
Other 17 77 43
--------- --------- ---------
(1,937) (1,974) (1,798)
Increase in valuation allowance 1,937 1,974 1,798
--------- --------- ---------
$ - $ - $ -
========= ========= =========
-19-
<PAGE>
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At December 31, 1997, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards
and research and development credits which may be used to offset future federal
taxable income and tax liabilities as follows (in thousands):
Research
Net and
Year of Operating Development
Expiration Loss Credit
- ---------- --------- -------
2006 $ 1,219 $ 76
2007 4,247 128
2008 5,570 144
2009 3,720 112
2010 4,991 70
2011 4,713 48
2012 4,335 101
--------- -------
$28,795 $679
========= =======
A portion of the net operating loss carryforwards and valuation allowances
totaling $1,860,000 and $748,000, respectively, relates to deductions for non-
qualified stock option exercises and incentive stock option disqualifying
dispositions. This amount will be credited to additional paid-in capital upon
realization.
Ownership changes, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, resulting from the
Company's initial public offering in March 1992 and a second offering in August
1995, have limited the amount of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards
that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income or tax
liabilities. As a result, the amount of these net operating loss carryforwards
which can be utilized annually is $3,000,000 for losses incurred prior to March
1992 and $9,077,000 for losses incurred prior to August 1995. Subsequent changes
in ownership could further affect the limitation in future years.
11. Stockholders' Equity
Preferred Stock
Shares of preferred stock may be issued at the discretion of the Board of
Directors of the Company with such designations, rights and preferences as the
Board may determine from time to time.
Common Stock
In June 1994, the Company completed the sale and issuance of 2,274,052 units in
a private placement to institutional investors resulting in net proceeds of
$10,053,000. Each unit consists of one share of the Company's common stock and
one-half of one common stock purchase warrant. Each full warrant may be
exercised over a three year period beginning in June 1994 for one share of
common stock at a per share price of $5 during year one, $6 during year two and
$7 during year three. The aggregate fair value of the common stock purchase
warrants of $1,592,000 was recorded as additional paid-in capital. During 1997,
1996 and 1995, 85,526, 76,000 and 879,500 shares of common stock were issued
pursuant to exercises of such warrants resulting in net proceeds of $616,000,
$422,000 and $4,214,000, respectively.
In August 1994, the Company completed the sale and issuance of 250,000 shares of
common stock to Pfizer resulting in net proceeds of $1,421,000. Pfizer was
granted the right to purchase additional shares to maintain their percentage
equity holdings of the Company's common stock over a three year period beginning
in July 1994. During 1995, 99,271 shares of the Company's common stock were
issued to Pfizer resulting in net proceeds of $587,000. In December 1996, Pfizer
sold the majority of their equity holdings in the Company to an unrelated third
party which did not assume Pfizer's percentage maintenance rights.
In May 1995, the stockholders approved an increase in the number of authorized
common shares from 10,000,000 to 15,000,000.
In September 1995, the Company completed the sale and issuance of 2,300,000
shares of common stock at $15 per share in a public offering resulting in net
proceeds of $32,046,000.
12. Stock Option and Stock Purchase Plans
During 1992 and 1991, the Company established the 1992 Employee, Director and
Consultant Stock Option Plan and the 1991 Non-Employee Stock Option Plan,
respectively. These plans provide for the issuance of non-qualified or incentive
stock options to key employees, directors and consultants of the Company. The
Board of Directors determines the term, price, number of shares and the vesting
period of each option grant. However, the price may be no less than the par
value of the common shares for non-qualified options, and no less than the fair
market value of the shares on the date granted for incentive stock options (or
no less than 110% of the fair market value in the case of holders of more than
10% of the voting stock of the Company). Additionally, the term of incentive
stock options cannot exceed ten years (five years for options granted to holders
of more than 10% of the voting stock of the Company).
In May 1996, the stockholders approved an increase in the number of common
shares authorized for issuance under the 1992 Employee, Director, and Consultant
Stock Option Plan from 1,416,667 to 1,666,667. The number of common shares
authorized for issuance under the 1991 Non-Employee Stock Option Plan is
101,244.
The Company has reserved 1,354,569 shares of common stock for issuance under the
1992 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Option Plan and 9,838 shares for
issuance under the 1991 Non-Employee Stock Option Plan at December 31, 1997.
At December 31, 1997, options to purchase 1,216,480 shares were outstanding
under the plans, of which 482,505 were exercisable. There were 147,927 shares
available for future grant under the plans at December 31, 1997.
-20-
<PAGE>
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stock option plan transactions were as follows:
Weighted Average
Shares Exercise Price
---------- --------------
Options outstanding at December 31, 1994 881,691 $ 4.90
Granted 181,553 8.59
Exercised (83,049) 3.75
Cancelled (45,808) 6.88
----------
Options outstanding at December 31, 1995 934,387 5.62
Granted 562,353 10.53
Exercised (135,145) 3.14
Cancelled (254,756) 9.25
----------
Options outstanding at December 31, 1996 1,106,839 7.58
Granted 644,497 5.90
Exercised (21,918) 2.08
Cancelled (512,938) 9.83
----------
Options outstanding at December 31, 1997 1,216,480 $ 5.86
==========
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and
exercisable at December 31, 1997:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------
Range of Number of Weighted Average Weighted Number of Weighted
Exercise Options Remaining Average Options Average
Prices Outstanding Contractual Life Exercise Price Outstanding Exercise Price
- ----------------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- ----------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$.06 - $.45 63,735 5.68 $ 0.14 61,235 $ 0.13
4.59 - 6.00 977,694 9.15 5.81 298,650 5.75
6.19 - 9.00 116,633 9.64 7.01 80,833 7.04
10.00 - 15.50 58,418 8.82 10.65 41,787 10.32
----------- -----------
1,216,480 482,505
=========== ===========
</TABLE>
-21-
<PAGE>
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In 1992, the stockholders approved the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. This plan
enables eligible employees to purchase common shares at 85% of the fair market
value of the shares during two six month periods beginning January 1 and July 1
of each year. The Company has authorized 200,000 shares of the Company's common
stock for issuance under this plan. At December 31, 1997, 156,359 shares remain
available for issuance under this plan.
The Company has adopted the disclosure only provisions of FAS 123. Accordingly,
no compensation cost has been recognized for the stock plans. Had compensation
cost for the Company's stock plans been determined based on the fair value at
the grant dates for awards in 1997 and 1996 as prescribed in FAS 123, the
Company's net loss and net loss per share would have been as follows (in
thousands, except for per share amounts):
Year ended December 31,
-----------------------
1997 1996
---------- ----------
Net loss:
As reported $(4,569) $(4,527)
Pro forma (5,025) (5,582)
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
As reported $ (.41) $ (.42)
Pro forma (.46) (.51)
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the
Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: dividend
yield of 0%, risk-free interest rate of 5.75%, expected volatility of 66.78%,
and an option term of 7.5 years. The weighted average fair value of options
granted during the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 was $4.20 and $7.96,
respectively.
13. Retirement Savings Plan
The Company has a 401(k) Plan which is available to employees of the Company who
meet certain eligibility requirements. This plan is qualified under Section
401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code and is subject to contribution limitations
as set annually by the Internal Revenue Service. Eligible employees may enroll
January 1 and July 1 of each year. The Company does not make matching
contributions.
14. Related Party Transactions
In 1991, the Company licensed to Pfizer the exclusive worldwide right to
manufacture and market EverFresh for use in seafood processing and the exclusive
rights outside of the U.S. to manufacture and market certain Opta Oat Fibers and
OptaGrade products in exchange for license fees and royalty payments. The
Company provided applications development and marketing support for certain
products for additional cash payments from Pfizer through June 1996. In January
1997, all agreements with Pfizer were terminated except for the EverFresh
license agreement which was assigned to an unrelated third party. Revenue
recognized under these agreements in 1997, 1996, and 1995 was $125,000,
$509,000, and $234,000, respectively.
15. Customer Concentration, Sales to Major Customers and Export Sales
The Company has focused its sales efforts in baked goods and dairy. During 1997
and 1996, a significant portion, but not a majority, of product sales were to a
group of independent bakeries who supply a quick service restaurant chain.
There were no major individual customers during the years ended December 31,
1997, 1996 and 1995.
Export sales were 14% (5% to Europe and 9% to the Middle East); 11% (3% to
Europe and 8% to the Middle East); and 18% (10% to Europe and 8% to the Middle
East) for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996, and 1995, respectively.
16. Commitments
Leases
The Company leases certain equipment and facilities under noncancelable
operating leases. Total future minimum payments under these leases are as
follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
-----------------------
1998 $ 153
1999 144
2000 144
2001 136
2002 150
Thereafter 473
------
$1,200
======
Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996, and 1995 was $159,000,
$141,000, and $167,000, respectively.
-22-
<PAGE>
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART III
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
(a) Directors. The information with respect to directors required by this item
is incorporated herein by reference from the section entitled "Election of
Directors" in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be held May 19, 1998 (the "1998 Proxy Statement"), to be filed
with the Commission not later than April 29, 1998.
(b) Executive Officers. The executive officers of the Company, who are elected
to serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors, are as follows:
Name Age Position
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lewis C. Paine, III 45 Chairman of the Board,
President, Chief
Executive Officer
and Director
Arthur J. McEvily, Ph.D. 45 Senior Vice President, Commercial
Development
Joel A. Stone 45 Vice President, Operations
and Manufacturing
Scott A. Kumf 41 Chief Financial Officer,
Vice President,
Administration and
Treasurer
Mr. Paine has served as President and Director since May 1991, Chief Executive
Officer since December 1992, and Chairman of the Board since June 1993. He
served as President of the Food Ingredients Division of Enzytech, Inc.
("Enzytech"), the Company's predecessor, from October 1990 to May 1991. Prior to
joining Enzytech, Mr. Paine was at Carnation Company and its parent company,
Nestle, S.A., from 1974 to 1990, where he most recently served as Vice President
of Marketing and New Business Development for the Refrigerated Products Division
from December 1987 to October 1990. From April 1986 to December 1987, he served
as an International Marketing Manager for Nestle, S.A. in Vevey, Switzerland.
Dr. McEvily was named Senior Vice President, Commercial Development in December
1997. He served as Vice President Applications, Technical Service and New
Product Commercialization from October 1996 to December 1997. He also served as
Vice President Sales and Business Development of the Company from December 1993
to September 1996. From May 1991 to December 1993 he held various positions at
Opta, ranging from Senior Research Scientist to Product Director to Director of
Business Development. Dr. McEvily served in various scientific capacities at
Enzytech from October 1988 to May 1991. Dr. McEvily received a B.Sc. in
Biochemistry from Marlboro College, Marlboro, Vermont and a Ph.D. in chemistry
from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He was a postdoctoral
fellow at Harvard Medical School.
Mr. Stone has served as Vice President, Operations and Manufacturing since May
1991. He served as Senior Director of Manufacturing and Engineering Management
at Enzytech from April 1990 to May 1991. Prior to joining Enzytech, Mr. Stone
was Director of Manufacturing at Genencor, Inc. from August 1988 to March 1990.
From August 1986 to August 1988, Mr. Stone was Manager of Operations at the
Harbert Lummus Joint Venture.
Mr. Kumf joined Opta in August 1996 as Chief Financial Officer and Vice
President, Administration. He was elected Treasurer and Assistant Secretary in
December 1996. Prior to joining Opta, Mr. Kumf served at BostonCoach, Inc. as
Chief Financial Officer from September 1995 to August 1996. From August 1994 to
May 1995, he was the Chief Financial Officer of Trotter, Inc. and from September
1990 to July 1994 he served as Chief Financial Officer for Polar Corp. Mr. Kumf
is a Certified Public Accountant in Massachusetts.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference
from the section entitled "Executive Compensation" in the 1998 Proxy Statement.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from
the section entitled "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management" in the 1998 Proxy Statement.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from
the section entitled "Certain Transactions" in the 1998 Proxy Statement.
-23-
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART IV
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K
(a) Documents filed as part of this Report: Page
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Accountants 11
Balance Sheet at December 31, 1997 and 1996 12
Statement of Operations for the three years ended December 31, 1997 13
Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the three years ended
December 31, 1997 14
Statement of Cash Flows for the three years ended December 31, 1997 15
Notes to Financial Statements 16
(2) All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not
applicable, not material, or the required information is shown in the
financial statements or the notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits
Exhibit
Number Description
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (Filed
as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8,
Registration No. 33-93518, and incorporated herein by reference)
3.2 Restated By-Laws of the Company (Filed as Exhibit 3.4 to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-45700, as
amended, and incorporated herein by reference)
4.1 Article 4 of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
the Company (see Exhibit 3.1) (Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-8, Registration No. 33-93518, and
incorporated herein by reference)
4.2 Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Company (Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to
the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-
45700, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference)
4.3 Form of Warrant Certificate of the Company (Filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3, Registration No. 33-80860,
and incorporated herein by reference)
10.1 Form of Unit Purchase Agreement dated as of April 21, 1994 between the
Company and the respective parties thereto (Filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the
Company's Form 8-K, Commission File No. 0-19811, and incorporated herein
by reference)
10.2 Amended and Restated Master Food Ingredients Collaborative Development
Agreement, dated August 11, 1994, between the Company and Pfizer Inc.
(Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 1994, and incorporated herein by
reference)*
10.3 Master Food Ingredients License Agreement dated June 13, 1991 between
the Company and Pfizer Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-45700, as
amended, and incorporated herein by reference)*
10.4 Form of First Amendment to Master Food Ingredients License Agreement
(Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form
S-1, Registration No. 33-45700, as amended, and incorporated herein by
reference)
10.5 Licensed Product Term Sheet dated March 2, 1994 between the Company and
Pfizer Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's 1994 Annual Report
on Form 10-K, Commission File No. 0-19811, and incorporated herein by
reference)*
10.6 License and Technology Transfer Agreement effective as of May 1, 1991
between the Company and Enzytech, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-45700,
as amended, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.7 Promissory Note and Mortgage Agreement dated August 19, 1993 between the
Company and Springfield Institution for Savings (Filed as Exhibit 10.2
to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1993, Commission File No. 0-19811, and incorporated herein
by reference)
-24-
<PAGE>
10.8 Loan Agreement dated November 5, 1992 between the Company and
Massachusetts Business Development Corporation (Filed as Exhibit 10.12
to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 1992, Commission File No. 0-19811, and incorporated herein by
reference)
10.9 Mortgage and Security Agreement dated November 3, 1994 executed by the
Company in favor of the Massachusetts Business Development Corporation
(Filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 1994, Commission File No. 0-19811, and
incorporated herein by reference)
10.10 Authorization and Loan Agreement dated May 18, 1992 among the Company,
Massachusetts Certified Development Corporation and U.S. Small Business
Administration (Filed as Exhibit 10.13 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992, Commission File No. 0-
19811, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.11 Fixed Asset Line of Credit dated March 29, 1993 between the Company and
Silicon Valley Bank (Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1993, Commission
File No. 0-19811, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.12 Asset Purchase Agreement dated June 17, 1992, between Williamson Fiber
Products, Inc., The Williamson Group, Inc. and the Company (Filed as
Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 17,
1992, Commission File No. 0-19811, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.13 Sublease and Consent dated June 17, 1992 among Williamson Fiber
Products, Inc., the Company and Spring Street Developers (Filed as
Exhibit 28.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 17,
1992, Commission File No. 0-19811, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.14 Consulting Agreement, dated January 28, 1992, between the Company and
A.S. Clausi (Filed as Exhibit 10.24 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992, Commission File No. 0-
19811, and incorporated herein by reference)#
10.15 Stock Purchase and Repurchase Agreement, dated May 29, 1991, between the
Company and Akiva T. Gross (Filed as Exhibit 10.18 to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-45700, as
amended, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.16 Employment Agreement, dated May 1, 1991, between the Company and Akiva
T. Gross (Filed as Exhibit 10.21 to the Company's Registration Statement
on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-45700, as amended, and incorporated
herein by reference)#
10.17 Letter agreement, dated May 1, 1995, between the Company and Akiva T.
Gross (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1995, Commission File No. 0-
19811, and incorporated herein by reference)#
10.18 Promissory Note dated August 12, 1994 executed by Akiva T. Gross in
favor of the Company (Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1994,
Commission File No. 0-19811, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.19 Pledge Agreement dated August 12, 1994 between Akiva T. Gross and the
Company (Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1994, Commission File No.
0-19811, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.20 Extension and amendment of Employment Agreement, dated October 1, 1992
between the Company and Lewis C. Paine, III, dated December 31, 1993
(Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 1994, Commission File No. 0-19811, and
incorporated here in by reference)#
10.21 Stock Purchase and Repurchase Agreement, dated May 29, 1991, between the
Company and Lewis C. Paine, III (Filed as Exhibit 10.17 to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-45700, as
amended, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.22 Amended and Restated Promissory Note dated as of September 19, 1990
executed by Lewis C. Paine, III in favor of the Company (Filed as
Exhibit 10.26 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1992, Commission File No. 0-19811, and incorporated
herein by reference)
10.23 Promissory Note dated January 8, 1993, executed by Lewis C. Paine, III
in favor of the Company (Filed as Exhibit 10.27 to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992, Commission
File No. 0-19811, and incorporated herein by reference)
-25-
<PAGE>
10.24 Pledge Agreement dated January 8, 1993, between Lewis C. Paine, III and
the Company (Filed as Exhibit 10.28 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992, Commission File No. 0-
19811, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.28 Employee Agreement for Protection of Company Property, dated May 1,
1991, in the form executed by Officers of the Company (Filed as Exhibit
10.23 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration
No. 33-45700, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.29 1992 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Option Plan, as amended
through March 10, 1993 (Filed as Exhibit 28.1 to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-8, Registration No. 33-65406, and
incorporated herein by reference)#
10.30 Amendment to 1992 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Option Plan,
adopted January 19, 1995 (Filed as Exhibit 10.30 to the Company's 1994
Annual Report on Form 10-K, Commission File No. 0-19811, and
incorporated herein by reference)#
10.31 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended and restated (Filed as Exhibit
28.3 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8, Registration
No. 33-48624, and incorporated herein by reference)#
10.32 Amendment to Employee Stock Purchase Plan, adopted February 16, 1993
(Filed as Exhibit 10.41 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 1992, Commission File No. 0-19811, and
incorporated herein by reference)#
10.33 Press release, dated June 4, 1996, announcing that the Company's revenue
and earnings for the second quarter and 1996 as a whole are likely to be
lower than Wall Street estimates (Filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's
Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 4, 1996, Commission File No. 0-
19811, and incorporated herein by reference)
23 Consent of Price Waterhouse LLP (Filed herewith)
* Confidential treatment has been granted by the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
# Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
No Reports on Form 8-K were filed by the Company during the quarter
ended December 31, 1997.
-26-
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIGNATURES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
OPTA FOOD INGREDIENTS, INC.
Date: March 13, 1998 By: /s/ Lewis C. Paine, III
-------------------------------------------
Lewis C. Paine, III
Chairman of the Board, President and
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Company
and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/s/ Lewis C. Paine, III Chairman of the Board, March 13, 1998
- ---------------------------- President and Chief Executive
Lewis C. Paine, III Officer (principal executive
officer)
/s/ Scott A. Kumf Chief Financial Officer, March 13, 1998
- ---------------------------- Vice President Administration
Scott A. Kumf and Treasurer (principal
financial and accounting officer)
/s/ A.S. Clausi Director March 13, 1998
- ----------------------------
A.S. Clausi
/s/ Anthony B. Evnin Director March 13, 1998
- ----------------------------
Anthony B. Evnin
/s/ Harry Fields Director March 13, 1998
- ----------------------------
Harry Fields
/s/ Glynn C. Morris Director March 13, 1998
- ----------------------------
Glynn C. Morris
/s/ Charles W. Newhall, III Director March 13, 1998
- ----------------------------
Charles W. Newhall, III
/s/ Frederic Stevenin Director March 13, 1998
- ----------------------------
Frederic Stevenin
-27-
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 23
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration
Statements on Form S-8 (No. 33-48624 and No. 33-65406) of Opta Food Ingredients,
Inc. of our report dated February 10, 1998 appearing on page 11 of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K.
Price Waterhouse LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 25, 1998
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<PAGE>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM YEAR ENDED
12/31/97 10-K AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1997
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1997
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1997
<CASH> 33,689,000
<SECURITIES> 0
<RECEIVABLES> 1,409,000
<ALLOWANCES> 107,000
<INVENTORY> 2,548,000
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 37,808,000
<PP&E> 15,954,000
<DEPRECIATION> 3,746,000
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 50,965,000
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 3,847,000
<BONDS> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 111,000
<OTHER-SE> 44,382,000
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 50,965,000
<SALES> 8,799,000
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 8,799,000
<CGS> 6,730,000
<TOTAL-COSTS> 6,730,000
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 8,110,000
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 418,000
<INCOME-PRETAX> (4,569,000)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> (4,569,000)
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (4,569,000)
<EPS-PRIMARY> (0.41)
<EPS-DILUTED> 0
</TABLE>
