<PAGE>
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarter ended: 0-19871
September 30, 1997 Commission File Number
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 94-3078125
-------- ----------
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) identification No)
701 GEORGE WASHINGTON HIGHWAY
LINCOLN, RI 02865
------------------
(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)
(401) 288-1000
--------------
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter periods that the
registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
------- -------
At October 31, 1997, there were 17,813,502 shares of Common Stock, $.01 par
value, issued and outstanding. There were no issued and outstanding shares of
Preferred Stock.
Page 1 of 18
<PAGE>
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
INDEX
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION Page Number
Item 1. Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)
September 30, 1997 and December 31, 1996...................... 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)
Three and nine months ended September 30, 1997 and 1996....... 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
Nine months ended September 30, 1997 and 1996................. 5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited). 6-8
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations........................... 9-16
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings................................................ 17
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K................................. 17
SIGNATURES................................................................ 18
Page 2 of 18
<PAGE>
PART I--ITEM 1--FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SEPTEMBER 30, 1997 DECEMBER 31, 1996
(UNAUDITED) (AUDITED)
------------------ -----------------
<S> <C> <C>
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................................. $ 6,394,522 $ 19,921,584
Marketable securities..................................................... 20,224,529 22,685,855
Receivables from collaborative agreement.................................. 130,294 70,681
Other current assets...................................................... 1,789,560 1,074,091
------------------ -----------------
Total current assets.................................................... 28,538,905 43,752,211
Property, plant and equipment, net.......................................... 15,832,406 10,732,102
Other assets................................................................ 5,578,719 3,912,430
------------------ -----------------
Total assets............................................................ $ 49,950,030 $ 58,396,743
------------------ -----------------
------------------ -----------------
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses.................................... $ 5,316,015 $ 4,159,769
Deferred revenue......................................................... 1,766,592 1,859,092
Current maturities of capitalized lease obligations...................... 454,057 553,557
Current maturities of long term debt..................................... 626,244 695,570
------------------ -----------------
Total current liabilities.............................................. 8,162,908 7,267,988
Capitalized lease obligations, less current maturities..................... 3,631,250 3,971,594
Long term debt, less current maturities.................................... 3,832,694 4,251,008
Redeemable common stock.................................................... 6,411,712 8,158,798
Stockholders' equity
Common stock............................................................. 172,390 156,144
Additional paid in capital............................................... 119,580,825 107,649,659
Accumulated deficit...................................................... (89,949,843) (72,922,674)
Deferred compensation.................................................... (1,773,256) (90,118)
Cumulative translation adjustment........................................ (115,276) (60,416)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities.......................... (3,374) 14,760
------------------ -----------------
Total stockholders' equity............................................. 27,911,466 34,747,355
------------------ -----------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity............................. $ 49,950,030 $ 58,396,743
------------------ -----------------
------------------ -----------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Page 3 of 18
<PAGE>
PART I--ITEM 1--FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
THREE MONTHS ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30, SEPTEMBER 30,
----------------------------- -----------------------------
(UNAUDITED) 1997 1996 1997 1996
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue from collaborative arrangements............ $ 1,798,552 $ 1,790,665 $ 8,740,038 $ 5,305,514
Operating expenses:
Research and development......................... 4,636,541 4,205,121 13,735,768 12,285,621
Acquired research and development................ 8,312,422 8,312,422
General and administrative....................... 1,377,468 1,611,152 4,858,815 4,018,421
-------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
14,326,431 5,816,273 26,907,005 16,304,042
-------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
Loss from operations............................... (12,527,879) (4,025,608) (18,166,967) (10,998,528)
Other income (expense):
Investment income................................ 409,900 525,773 1,526,299 1,733,042
Interest expense................................. (51,047) (162,718) (297,141) (467,458)
Other income (expense)........................... 21,420 54,394 (89,360) 396,894
-------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
380,273 417,449 1,139,798 1,662,478
-------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
Net loss........................................... ($ 12,147,606) ($ 3,608,159) ($ 17,027,169) ($ 9,336,050)
-------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
Net loss per share................................. ($ 0.73) ($ 0.23) ($ 1.03) ($ 0.61)
-------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
Shares used in calculation......................... 16,629,152 15,413,723 16,533,152 15,352,760
-------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
-------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Page 4 of 18
<PAGE>
PART I--ITEM 1--FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30,
(UNAUDITED) 1997 1996
-------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss........................................................................... ($ 17,027,169) ($ 9,336,050)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to
net cash used for operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization.................................................... 1,452,212 1,218,629
Acquired research and development................................................ 8,312,422
Compensation expense relating to the grant of stock options...................... 39,515 46,592
Loss on sale of fixed assets..................................................... 1,434
Changes in operating assets and liabilities...................................... (1,225,959) 234,226
-------------- -------------
Net cash used in operating activities.............................................. (8,447,545) (7,836,603)
-------------- -------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities...................................... 15,020,093 12,800,806
Purchases of marketable securities............................................... (12,576,903) (3,083,620)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment........................................ (6,452,886) (3,262,684)
Proceeds from the sale of fixed assets........................................... 3,926
Acquisition of other assets...................................................... (611,479) (610,892)
------------- ------------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities.............................. (4,617,249) 5,843,610
------------- ------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options...................................... 577,673 1,424,674
Proceeds from convertible subordinated debt...................................... 1,920,461
Proceeds from financing transactions............................................. 821,172
Principal payments under capitalized lease obligations and mortgage payable...... (807,677) (876,941)
-------------- -------------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities.............................. (230,004) 3,289,366
-------------- -------------
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents................................. (232,264)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents..................................... (13,527,062) 1,296,373
Cash and cash equivalents, January 1................................................. 19,921,584 9,548,579
-------------- -------------
Cash and cash equivalents, September 30.............................................. $ 6,394,522 $ 10,844,952
-------------- -------------
-------------- -------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Page 5 of 18
<PAGE>
PART I - ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
September 30, 1997 and 1996
NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying, unaudited, condensed consolidated financial
statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial
information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10
of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the
information and footnotes required by generally accepted
accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the
opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements
include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals
considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial
position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods
presented. Results of operations for the three and nine months
ended September 30, 1997 are not necessarily indicative of the
results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ended
December 31, 1997.
For further information, refer to the audited financial
statements and footnotes thereto as of December 31, 1996 included
in the Company's Annual Report to Stockholders and the Annual
Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
NOTE 2. NET LOSS PER SHARE
Net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number
of shares of common stock outstanding. Common equivalent shares
from stock options and warrants are excluded as their effect is
antidilutive.
NOTE 3. ADOPTION OF NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The Company will adopt Statement of Accounting Standards No. 128,
Earnings per Share (EPS) which is effective for both interim and
annual financial statements for periods ended after December 15,
1997. Under Statement 128, primary EPS computed in accordance
with Opinion 15 will be replaced with a simpler calculation
called basic EPS. Basic EPS will be calculated by dividing
income available to common stockholders by the weighted average
common shares outstanding. Fully dilutive EPS will not change
significantly, but has been renamed diluted EPS. The adoption of
Statement 128 is not expected to have any effect on the Company's
financial statements since in the past common equivalent shares
from stock options and warrants have been excluded as their
effect is antidilutive.
In June 1997, the FASB issued Statement No. 130, "Reporting
Comprehensive Income" and Statement No. 131, "Disclosures About
Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information." Statement No.
130 establishes standards for reporting and display of
comprehensive income and its components. Statement No. 131
establishes standards for the way that public companies report
information about
Page 6 of 18
<PAGE>
operating segments in financial statements. This statement
supersedes Statement No, 14, "Financial Reporting for Segments of
a Business Enterprise" but retains the requirements to report
information about major customers. Statements 130 and 131 are
effective for the Company in fiscal 1998. The Company does not
believe that the adoption of these Statements will have a
material effect on the Company's financial statements.
NOTE 4. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company has settled its dispute with NeuroSpheres Ltd. The action
in the United States District Court and its counterpart actions in
Calgary, as well as all arbitration proceedings have been
discontinued. Under the terms of the settlement, the Company has an
exclusive royalty-bearing license to growth-factor responsive stem
cells for transplantation. NeuroSpheres has an option to acquire
co-exclusive rights in exchange for an up front payment of $5,000,000.
NeuroSpheres' option expires in 1998, if unexercised. The parties
have no further research obligations to each other.
NOTE 5. STEMCELLS MERGER
In September 1997, a merger of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the
Company and StemCells, Inc. was completed. Through the merger,
the Company acquired StemCells for a purchase price totaling
approximately $9,443,000, consisting of 1,580,000 new shares of
the Company's Common Stock, $.01 par value valued at $7,900,000,
the assumption of certain liabilities of $934,000 and transaction
costs of $609,000. The purchase price was allocated, through a
valuation, to license agreements valued at $1,131,000 to be
amortized over three years and acquired research and development
of $8,312,000 which has been expensed. As part of the acquisition
of StemCells, Richard M. Rose, M.D., became President, Chief
Executive Officer and a Director of CytoTherapeutics and Dr.
Irving Weissman became a Director of CytoTherapeutics. Upon
consummation of the merger, the Company entered into consulting
arrangements with the principal scientific founders of StemCells;
Dr. Irving Weissman, Dr. Fred H. Gage and Dr. David Anderson.
Each principal founder will join the Company's Scientific
Advisory Board with Dr. Weissman serving as the Chairman of the
Scientific Advisory Board.
To attract and retain Drs. Rose, Weissman, Gage and Anderson, and
to expedite the progress of the Company's stem cell program, the
Company awarded these individuals options to acquire a total of
approximately 1.6 million shares of the Company's Common Stock,
at an exercise price of $5.25 per share; approximately 100,000 of
these options are exercisable immediately, 1,031,000 of these
options vest and become exercisable only on the achievement of
specified milestones related to the Company's stem cell
development program and the remaining 469,000 options vest over
eight years. In connection with the 469,000 options, the Company
has recorded deferred compensation of $1,750,000 which will be
amortized over an eight year period. The Company has also
designated a pool of 400,000 options to be granted to persons in
a position to make a significant contribution to the success of
the stem cells program.
Page 7 of 18
<PAGE>
Conduct of the stem cells research will be conducted pursuant to
the provisions of an agreement between the Company and Drs.
Weissman and Gage providing for a two year research plan. If the
goals of the research plan are accomplished, the Company has
agreed to fund continuing stem cells research. Increases in stem
cells research funding of not more than 25% a year will be funded
by the Company as long as the goals of the research plan are
being met, provided, however, that the Company will retain the
option of ceasing or reducing neural stem cell research even if
all research plan goals are met by accelerating the vesting of
all still-achievable performance based options and ceasing or
reducing non-neural stem cell research even if all plan goals are
being met by affording the scientific research founders the
opportunity to continue development of the non-neural stem cell
research by licensing the technology related to such research to
the founders in exchange for a payment to the Company equal to
all funding for such research, plus royalty payments.
NOTE 6. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
In October 1997, the Company completed a series of transactions
which resulted in the establishment of its previously 50%-owned
Swiss subsidiary, Modex Therapeutiques, S.A., as an independent
company. In the transactions, the Company reduced its ownership
interest from 50% to approximately 25% in exchange for $4 million
cash and elimination of its prior contingent obligation to
contribute an additional Sfr 2.4 million (approximately $1.7
million) to Modex in July 1998. In the transactions, all of the
put and call arrangements between the Company and other
stockholders of Modex were eliminated and the Company forgave
approximately $450,000 due from Modex to the Company. The
Company expects to record a gain on the transactions of
approximately $2,000,000.
The Company and Modex also modified the terms of their existing
royalty-bearing Cross License Agreement to (i) expand the field in
which Modex is exclusively licensed to apply the Company's proprietary
encapsulated cell technology to include, in addition to the original
field of diabetes, obesity and anemia, the treatment of hemophilia A
and B utilizing Factor VIII and/or Factor IX and two additional
applications to be agreed to by the Company and Modex; (ii)
eliminate the requirement to make future milestone payments to
Modex of up to 300,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock;
(iii) limit the scope of the Company's technology licensed to
Modex to existing and future encapsulation technology; and (iv)
specify the terms under which the Company will manufacture any
products Modex may develop based on the Company's technology and
grant Modex an option to manufacture or have manufactured such
products on payment of a higher royalty. The Cross License
Agreement continues to provide for the payment of royalties from
Modex to the Company on the sale of any licensed products. The
revised agreement similarly limits the scope of the Modex
technology exclusively licensed, on a royalty-bearing basis, to
the Company for the application of diseases, conditions and
disorders of the central nervous system to existing and future
encapsulation technology and certain additional existing
technology. In addition to their purchase of Modex Common Stock
from the Company, the investors participating in the transaction,
invested $1.6 million directly in Modex.
Page 8 of 18
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of
operations of the Company for the three and nine months ended
September 30, 1997 and 1996 should be read in conjunction with the
accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
and the related footnotes thereto.
This report may contain certain forward-looking statements
regarding, among other things, the Company's results of operations,
the progress of the Company's product development and clinical
programs, the need for, and timing of, additional capital and
capital expenditures, partnering prospects, the need for additional
intellectual property rights, effects of regulations, the need for
additional facilities and potential market opportunities. The
Company's actual results may vary materially from those contained
in such forward-looking statements because of risks to which the
Company is subject such as risks of delays in research, development
and clinical testing programs, obsolescence of the Company's
technology, lack of available funding, competition from third
parties, failure of the Company's collaborators to perform,
regulatory constraints, litigation and other risks to which the
Company is subject. See "Cautionary Factors Relevant to
Forward-Looking-Information" filed herewith as Exhibit 99 and
incorporated herein by reference.
Overview
Since its inception in August 1988, the Company has been primarily
engaged in research and development of human therapeutic products.
No revenues have been derived from the sale of any products, and
the Company does not expect to receive revenues from product sales
for at least several years. The Company expects that its research
and development expenditures will increase substantially in future
years as research and product development efforts accelerate and
clinical trials are initiated or broadened. The Company has
incurred annual operating losses since inception and expects to
incur substantial operating losses in the future. As a result, the
Company is dependent upon external financing from equity and debt
offerings and revenues from collaborative research arrangements
with corporate sponsors to finance its operations. The Company's
results of operations have varied significantly from year to year
and quarter to quarter and may vary significantly in the future due
to the occurrence of material, nonrecurring events, including
without limitation, the receipt of one-time, nonrecurring licensing
payments.
Results of Operations
Three months ended September 30, 1997 and 1996
For the quarter ended September 30, 1997 and 1996, revenues from
collaborative
Page 9 of 18
<PAGE>
agreements totaled $1,799,000 and $1,791,000, respectively. The
revenues were earned solely from a Development, Marketing and
License Agreement with Astra AB, which was signed in March 1995.
Research and development expenses totaled $4,637,000 for the three
months ended September 30, 1997, compared with $4,205,000 for the
same period in 1996. The increase of $432,000, or 10%, from 1996
to 1997 is principally due to increases in the number of scientists
and increased spending for safety and toxicology studies.
Acquired research and development consists of a one-time charge of
$8,312,000 related to the acquisition of StemCells, Inc.
General and administrative expenses were $1,377,000 for the three
months ended September 30, 1997, compared with $1,611,000 for the
same period in 1996. The decrease of $234,000, or 15%, from 1996
to 1997 was primarily attributable to a one-time charge, in 1996,
for consulting costs attributable to the establishment of Modex
Therapeutiques SA.
Interest income for the three months ended September 30, 1997 and
1996 was $410,000 and $526,000, respectively. The decrease in
interest income in 1997 is attributable to the lower average
balances, $28,612,000 vs. $37,463,000 in the third quarter of 1997
and 1996, respectively.
Interest expense was $51,000 for the three months ended September
30, 1997, compared with $163,000 for the same period in 1996. The
decrease from 1996 to 1997 was attributable to the capitalization
of interest for the new facility of $112,000 in 1997.
Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 1997 was
$12,148,000, or $0.73 per share, as compared to net loss of
$3,608,000, or $0.23 per share, for the comparable period in 1996.
The large increase in 1997 is attributable to a one-time charge of
$8,312,000 for acquired research and development related to the
purchase of StemCells, Inc.
Results of Operations
Nine months ended September 30, 1997 and 1996
For the nine months ended September 30, 1997 and 1996, revenues
from collaborative agreements totaled $8,740,000 and $5,306,000,
respectively. The revenues were earned primarily from a
Development, Marketing and License Agreement with Astra AB, which
was signed in March 1995. Included in the 1997 revenues is a
$3,000,000 milestone payment from Astra related to the Phase II
clinical program for the Company's pain control implant.
Page 10 of 18
<PAGE>
Research and development expenses totaled $13,736,000 for the nine
months ended September 30, 1997, compared with $12,286,000 for the
same period in 1996. The increase of $1,450,000, or 12%, from 1996
to 1997 is principally due to increases in the number of scientists
and an additional six months of expense for Modex Therapeutiques
which was founded in July 1996.
Acquired research and development consists of a one-time charge of
$8,312,000 related to the acquisition of StemCells, Inc.
General and administrative expenses were $4,859,000 for the nine
months ended September 30, 1997, compared with $4,018,000 for the
same period in 1996. The increase of $841,000, or 21%, from 1996
to 1997 was primarily attributable to increased spending for legal
fees associated with the NeuroSpheres litigation, patents,
recruiting fees and other professional services, as well as, an
additional six months of expenses for Modex Therapeutiques which
was founded in July 1996.
Interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 1997 and
1996 was $1,526,000 and $1,733,000, respectively. The decrease in
interest income in 1997 is primarily attributable to the lower
average balances, $34,608,000 vs. $39,505,000 for the first nine
months of 1997 and 1996, respectively
Interest expense was $297,000 for the nine months ended September
30, 1997, compared with $467,000 for the same period in 1996. The
decrease from 1996 to 1997 was attributable to the capitalization
of interest for the new facility in the amount of $211,000.
Other income in the amount of $397,000 consists primarily of funds
received in May 1996 for settlement of a legal suit filed on behalf
of the Company.
Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 1997 was
$17,027,000 or $1.03 per share, as compared to net loss of
$9,336,000, or $0.61 per share, for the comparable period in 1996.
The large increase in 1997 is attributable to a one-time charge of
$8,312,000 for acquired research and development related to the
purchase of StemCells, Inc.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since its inception, the Company has financed its operations
through the sale of common and preferred stock, the issuance of
long-term debt and capitalized lease obligations, revenues from
collaborative agreements, research grants and interest income.
Page 11 of 18
<PAGE>
The Company had unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable
securities totaling $26,619,000 at September 30, 1997. Cash
equivalents and marketable securities are invested in agencies of
the U.S. government, investment grade corporate bonds and money
market funds.
The Company completed construction of a new headquarters and laboratory
facility in September 1997 at a cost of approximately $8,000,000. In October
1996, the Company obtained a line of credit to finance the new facility in
the amount of $5,500,000. This line of credit is secured by a mortgage on the
new facility. The Company had borrowed $1,450,000 under this agreement as of
September 30, 1997. The unused commitment expired October 31, 1997.
Quarterly principal payments of 1/40 of the loan balance commence September
30, 1997 with the balance due at maturity, October 2001. The loan agreement
requires the Company provide full cash collateral if the Company's
unencumbered cash balance falls below $18,000,000 and to comply with certain
financial covenants. The Company is currently in negotiations regarding the
possible sale and leaseback of such facility.
In May 1996, the Company secured an equipment loan facility with a
bank in the amount of $2,000,000. The Company has borrowed
$741,000 under this agreement as of September 30, 1997. The loan
requires interest payments only for the first two years; principal
payments are payable over a three-year period beginning May 1998.
Any unused commitment expires on May 15, 1998. The loan is secured
by equipment purchased with the proceeds of the credit facility.
In October 1997, the Company completed a series of transactions
which resulted in the establishment of its previously 50%-owned
Swiss subsidiary, Modex Therapeutiques, S.A., as an independent
company. In the transactions, the Company reduced its ownership
interest from 50% to approximately 25% in exchange for $4 million
cash and elimination of its prior contingent obligation to
contribute an additional Sfr 2.4 million (approximately $1.7
million) to Modex in July 1998. In the transactions, all of the
put and call arrangements between the Company and other
stockholders of Modex were eliminated and the Company forgave
approximately $450,000 due from Modex to the Company. The Company
expects to record a gain on the transaction of approximately
$2,000,000.
The Company and Modex also modified the terms of their existing
royalty-bearing Cross License Agreement to (i) expand the field in which
Modex is exclusively licensed to apply the Company's proprietary encapsulated
cell technology to include, in addition to the original field of diabetes,
obesity and anemia, the treatment of hemophilia A and B utilizing Factor VIII
and/or Factor IX and two additional applications to be agreed to by the
Company and Modex; (ii) eliminate the requirement to make future milestone
payments to Modex of up to 300,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock;
(iii) limit the scope of the Company's technology licensed to Modex to
existing and future
Page 12 of 18
<PAGE>
encapsulation technology; and (iv) specify the terms under which
the Company will manufacture any products Modex may develop based
on the Company's technology and grant Modex an option to
manufacture or have manufactured such products on payment of a
higher royalty. The Cross License Agreement continues to provide
for the payment of royalties from Modex to the Company on the sale
of any licensed products. The revised agreement similarly limits
the scope of the Modex technology exclusively licensed, on a
royalty-bearing basis, to the Company for the application of
diseases, conditions and disorders of the central nervous system to
existing and future encapsulation technology and certain additional
existing technology. In addition to their purchase of Modex Common
Stock from the Company, the investors participating in the
transaction, invested $1.6 million directly in Modex.
In September 1997, a merger of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the
Company and StemCells, Inc. was completed. Through the merger, the
Company acquired StemCells for a purchase price totaling
approximately $9,443,000 consisting of 1,580,000 new shares of
the Company's Common Stock, $.01 par value valued at $7,900,000,
the assumption of certain liabilities of $934,000 and transaction
costs of $609,000. The purchase price was allocated, through a
valuation, to license agreements valued at $1,131,000 to be
amortized over three years and acquired research and development of
$8,312,000 which has been expensed. As part of the acquisition of
StemCells, Richard M. Rose, M.D. , became President, Chief
Executive Officer and a Director of CytoTherapeutics and Dr. Irving
Weissman became a Director of CytoTherapeutics. Upon consummation
of the merger, the Company entered into consulting arrangements
with the principal scientific founders of StemCells; Drs. Weissman,
Gage and Anderson. Each such scientific founder will join the
Company's Scientific Advisory Board.
To attract and retain Drs. Rose, Weissman, Gage and Anderson, and
to expedite the progress of the Company's stem cell program, the
Company awarded these individuals options to acquire a total of
approximately 1.6 million shares of the Company's Common Stock, at
an exercise price of $5.25 per share; approximately 100,000 of
these options are exercisable immediately, 1,031,000 of these
options vest and become exercisable only on the achievement of
specified milestones related to the Company's stem cell development
program and the remaining 469,000 options vest over eight years.
In connection with the 469,000 options, the Company has recorded
deferred compensation of $1,750,000 which will be amortized over an
eight year period. The Company has also designated a pool of
400,000 options to be granted to persons in a position to make a
significant contribution to the success of the stem cells program.
Page 13 of 18
<PAGE>
Conduct of the stem cells research will be conducted pursuant to
the provisions of an agreement between the Company and Drs.
Weissman and Gage providing for a two year research plan. If the
goals of the research plan are accomplished, the Company has agreed
to fund continuing stems cells research. Increases in stem cells
research funding of not more than 25% a year will be funded by the
Company as long as the goals of the research plan are being met,
provided, however, that the Company will retain the option of
ceasing or reducing neural stem cell research even if all research
plan goals are met by accelerating the vesting of all
still-achievable performance based options and ceasing or reducing
non-neural stem cell research even if all plan goals are being met
by affording the scientific research founders the opportunity to
continue development of the non-neural stem cell research by
licensing the technology related to such research to the founders
in exchange for a payment to the Company equal to all funding for
such research, plus royalty payments.
In April 1997, CytoTherapeutics entered into an agreement with
NeuroSpheres Ltd. replacing all previous agreements and resolving
its dispute with NeuroSpheres. The pending action in the United
State District Court and its counterpart actions in Calgary, as
well as all arbitration proceedings have been discontinued. Under
the terms of the settlement, the Company has an exclusive
royalty-bearing license to growth-factor responsive stem cells for
transplantation. NeuroSpheres has an option to acquire
co-exclusive rights in exchange for an up front payment of
$5,000,000. NeuroSpheres' option expires in 1998, if unexercised.
The parties have no further research obligations to each other.
In February 1997, CytoTherapeutics and Cognetix, Inc. entered into
a Collaboration and Development Agreement to screen selected
peptides isolated by Cognetix for possible development into
therapeutic products aimed at a broad range of human disease states
using CytoTherapeutics' cell-based delivery technology. Based on
in vitro data, a screening committee comprised of an equal number
of representatives from CytoTherapeutics and Cognetix will
determine which compounds to select for in vivo studies and
possible clinical trials. Continuation of the agreement is
contingent upon meeting an agreed upon proof of concept test. The
companies will generally share expenses associated with the
development of any specific product candidate and any resulting
revenues, except as otherwise determined on a product-by-product
basis. As part of the agreement with Cognetix, CytoTherapeutics
has purchased $250,000 of Cognetix preferred stock and subject to
certain milestones, is obligated to purchase up to a total of
$1,750,000 of Cognetix stock over the next year. In July 1997,
the Company loaned $250,000 to Cognetix which was repaid with
interest in October 1997.
Page 14 of 18
<PAGE>
In November 1996, the Company signed collaborative development and
licensing agreements with Genentech, Inc. relating to the
development of products using the Company's technology to deliver
certain of Genentech's proprietary growth factors to treat
Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis ("ALS").
Under the terms of the agreement for Parkinson's disease, Genentech purchased
829,171 shares of common stock for $8,300,000 to fund development of products
to treat Parkinson's disease. Additional equity purchases and other funding
by Genentech is available for future clinical development as determined by
the parties. Genentech has the right, in its discretion, to terminate the
Parkinson's program at specified milestones in the program. If the
Parkinson's program is terminated and the funds the Company received from the
sale of stock to Genentech pursuant to the Parkinson's agreement exceed the
expenses incurred by the Company in connection with such studies by more than
$1 million, Genentech has the right to require the Company to repurchase from
Genentech shares of Company Common Stock having a value equal to the amount
of the overfunding, based upon the share price paid by Genentech. As such,
the Common Stock purchased by Genentech is classified as Redeemable Common
Stock until such time as the related funds are expended on the program. Upon
commercialization, Genentech and the Company will share profits in the U.S.
at an agreed upon percentage, and Genentech will pay the Company a royalty
based upon deals outside the U.S. The Company retains manufacturing rights
and will be paid manufacturing costs for products sold.
The Company also licensed certain growth factors for the treatment
of Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ("ALS").
Under the terms of the agreements, the Company is responsible for
conducting and funding all preclincal and clinical development,
subject to specified rights of Genentech to participate in the
development and marketing of the proposed products. Should
Genentech share in the development cost of the proposed products,
the companies will share profits at a negotiated percentage upon
commercialization. Should Genentech elect not to participate in
the development, upon commercialization, the Company will pay
Genentech an agreed upon royalty based upon sales. These
agreements supersede the Development Collaboration and License
Agreement between the Company and Genentech entered into in March
1994.
In March 1995, the Company signed a collaborative research and
development agreement with Astra for the development and marketing
of certain encapsulated-cell products to treat pain. Astra made an
initial, nonrefundable payment of $5,000,000, a milestone payment
of $3,000,000 in the first quarter of 1997 which was recognized as
revenue in the second quarter of 1997 and may make up to
$13,000,000 in additional payments subject to the achievement of
certain development milestones. Under the agreement, the Company
is obligated to conduct certain research and development pursuant
to a four-year
Page 15 of 18
<PAGE>
research plan agreed upon by the parties. Over the term of the
research plan, the Company expects to receive annual research
payments from Astra of $5 million to $7 million, which the Company
expects should approximate the research and development costs
incurred by the Company under the plan. Subject to the
successful development of such products and obtaining necessary
regulatory approvals, Astra is obligated to conduct all clinical
trials of products arising from the collaboration and to seek
approval for their sale and use. Astra has the exclusive worldwide
right to market products covered by the agreement. Until the later
of either the last to expire of all patents included in the
licensed technology or a specified fixed term, the Company is
entitled to a royalty on the worldwide net sales of such products
in return for the license granted to Astra and the Company's
obligation to manufacture and supply products. Astra has
the right to terminate the agreement after April 1, 1998.
Substantial additional funds will be required to support the
Company's research and development programs, for acquisition of
technologies and intellectual property rights, for preclinical and
clinical testing of its anticipated products, pursuit of regulatory
approvals, acquisition of capital equipment, expansion of
laboratory and office facilities, establishment of production
capabilities and for general and administrative expenses. Until
the Company's operations generate significant revenues from product
sales, cash reserves and proceeds from equity and debt offerings,
and funding from collaborative arrangements will be used to fund
operations.
The Company intends to pursue opportunities to obtain additional
financing in the future through equity and debt financings, lease
agreements related to capital equipment, grants and collaborative
research arrangements. The source, timing and availability of any
future financing will depend principally upon equity market
conditions, interest rates and, more specifically, on the Company's
continued progress in its exploratory, preclinical and clinical
development programs. There can be no assurance that such funds
will be available on favorable terms, if at all.
The Company expects that its existing capital resources, revenues
from collaborative agreements and income earned on invested capital
will be sufficient to fund its operations into the first half of
1999. The Company's cash requirements may vary, however, depending
on numerous factors. Lack of necessary funds may require the
Company to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of its
research and product development programs and/or its capital
expenditures or to license its potential products or technologies
to third parties.
Page 16 of 18
<PAGE>
PART II - ITEM 1
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
PART II - ITEM 6
EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) Exhibits
Exhibit 10.65 Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of August 13, 1997
between StemCells, Inc., the Company, and CTI
Acquisition Corp.
Exhibit 10.66 Employment agreement, Richard M. Rose, M.D.,
dated as of September 25, 1997
Exhibit 10.67 Consulting agreement dated as of September 25, 1997
between Dr. Irving Weissman and the Registrant.
Exhibit 99 Cautionary factors relevant to forward looking statements.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
The Registrant filed a Current Report on Form 8-K on August 13, 1997
relating to the execution of a merger agreement to acquire StemCells,
Inc.
The Registrant filed a Current Report on Form 8-K on September 26, 1997
relating to the consummation of the acquisition of StemCells, Inc.
Page 17 of 18
<PAGE>
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
----------------------
(Name of Registrant)
November 14, 1997 /s/ John S. McBride
- ------------------- ----------------------
(Date) Senior Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer
(principal financial officer and
principal accounting officer)
Page 18 of 18
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 10.65
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
BY AND AMONG
CytoTherapeutics, Inc.
and
CTI Acquisition, Corp.
and
StemCells, Inc.
Dated as of August 13, 1997
---------------------------------------------------------------------
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<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ARTICLE I
<S> <C>
THE MERGER.................................................................... 2
SECTION 1.1 The Merger.............................................. 2
SECTION 1.2 Effective Time.......................................... 3
SECTION 1.3 Effect of the Merger.................................... 4
SECTION 1.4 Articles of Incorporation, By-Laws...................... 4
SECTION 1.5 Directors and Officers.................................. 4
SECTION 1.6 Effect on Capital Stock................................. 4
SECTION 1.7 Exchange of Certificates................................ 8
SECTION 1.8 Stock Transfer Books.................................... 10
SECTION 1.9 No Further Ownership Rights in Company Stock............ 10
SECTION 1.10 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates................. 10
SECTION 1.11 Tax Consequences....................................... 10
SECTION 1.12 Taking of Necessary Action; Further Action............. 11
SECTION 1.13 Material Adverse Effect................................ 11
ARTICLE II
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES REGARDING THE COMPANY......................... 11
SECTION 2.1 Organization and Qualification; Subsidiaries........... 11
SECTION 2.2 Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws.................. 12
SECTION 2.3 Capitalization......................................... 12
SECTION 2.4 Authority Relative to this Agreement................... 12
SECTION 2.5 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents............. 12
SECTION 2.6 Permits................................................. 13
SECTION 2.7 Financial Statements................................... 14
SECTION 2.8 Absence of Certain Changes or Events................... 14
SECTION 2.9 No Undisclosed Liabilities............................. 15
SECTION 2.10 Absence of Litigation................................. 15
SECTION 2.11 Employee Benefit Plans, Employment Agreements......... 15
SECTION 2.12 Intentionally Deleted................................. 15
SECTION 2.13 Restrictions on Business Activities................... 16
SECTION 2.14 Title to Property..................................... 16
SECTION 2.15 Taxes................................................. 16
SECTION 2.16 Environmental Matters................................. 16
SECTION 2.17 Intellectual Property................................. 17
SECTION 2.18 Interested Party Transactions......................... 19
SECTION 2.19 Insurance............................................. 19
SECTION 2.20 Accounts Receivable; Inventories...................... 19
</TABLE>
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<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SECTION 2.21 Equipment............................................. 19
SECTION 2.22 Brokers............................................... 20
SECTION 2.23 Change in Control Payments............................ 20
SECTION 2.24 Expenses.............................................. 20
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ARTICLE IV
<S> <C>
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB....................... 20
SECTION 4.1 Organization and Qualification; Subsidiaries............ 20
SECTION 4.2 Charter and By-Laws..................................... 21
SECTION 4.3 Capitalization.......................................... 21
SECTION 4.4 Authority Relative to this Agreement.................... 21
SECTION 4.5 No Conflict, Required Filings and Consents.............. 21
SECTION 4.6 SEC Filings; Financial Statements....................... 22
SECTION 4.7 Ownership of Merger Sub; No Prior Activities............ 23
ARTICLE V
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS PENDING THE MERGER........................................ 23
SECTION 5.1 Conduct of Business by the Company Pending the Merger... 23
SECTION 5.2 No Solicitation......................................... 25
ARTICLE VI
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS......................................................... 26
SECTION 6.1 Stockholder Meeting..................................... 26
SECTION 6.2 Access to Information; Confidentiality.................. 26
SECTION 6.3 Consents; Approvals..................................... 26
SECTION 6.4 Notification of Certain Matters......................... 27
SECTION 6.5 Further Action/Tax Treatment............................ 27
SECTION 6.6 Public Announcements. .................................. 27
SECTION 6.7 Conveyance Taxes........................................ 27
ARTICLE VII
CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER...................................................... 28
SECTION 7.1 Conditions to Obligation of Each Party to Effect
the Merger.............................................. 28
SECTION 7.2 Additional Conditions to Obligations of Parent and
Merger Sub.............................................. 28
SECTION 7.3 Additional Conditions to Obligation of the Company...... 30
</TABLE>
-ii-
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ARTICLE VIII
<S> <C>
TERMINATION................................................................... 31
SECTION 8.1 Termination............................................. 31
SECTION 8.2 Effect of Termination................................... 33
SECTION 8.3 Fees and Expenses....................................... 33
ARTICLE IX
GENERAL PROVISIONS............................................................ 33
SECTION 9.1 Indemnification......................................... 33
SECTION 9.2 Notices................................................. 37
SECTION 9.3 Certain Definitions..................................... 38
SECTION 9.4 Amendment............................................... 39
SECTION 9.5 Waiver.................................................. 39
SECTION 9.6 Headings................................................ 39
SECTION 9.7 Severability............................................ 39
SECTION 9.8 Entire Agreement........................................ 40
SECTION 9.9 Assignment; Guarantee of Merger Sub Obligations........ 40
SECTION 9.10 Parties in Interest.................................... 40
SECTION 9.11 Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver; Remedies Cumulative.. 40
SECTION 9.12 Governing Law.......................................... 40
SECTION 9.13 Waiver of Jury Trial................................... 40
SECTION 9.14 Counterparts; Miscellaneous............................ 41
</TABLE>
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<PAGE>
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, dated as of August 13, 1997 (this
"Agreement"), among CytoTherapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Parent"),
CTI Acquisition, Corp., a California corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary
of Parent ("Merger Sub") and StemCells, Inc., a California corporation (the
"Company").
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the Boards of Directors of Parent, Merger Sub and the Company have
each determined that it is advisable and in the best interests of their
respective stockholders for Parent to enter into a business combination with the
Company upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein;
WHEREAS, in furtherance of such combination, the Boards of Directors of
Parent and Merger Sub have each approved the merger of Merger Sub with and into
the Company (the "Merger") in accordance with the applicable provisions of the
California Corporation Code (the "CCC") upon the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth herein;
WHEREAS, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company intend, by approving
resolutions authorizing this Agreement, to adopt this Agreement as a plan of
reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and the regulations promulgated thereunder;
and
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Merger, each outstanding share (a "Share") of the
Company's capital stock, including the Company's common stock, $.001 par value
(the "Company Common Stock") and the Company's Class B common stock, $.001 par
value (the "Class B Common Stock"), shall be converted into the right to receive
shares of Parent's common stock, $.01 par value ("Parent Common Stock" and
together with the Company Common Stock, "Company Stock"), upon the terms and
subject to the conditions set forth herein;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants
and agreements herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby,
Parent, Merger Sub and the Company hereby agree as follows:
<PAGE>
ARTICLE I
THE MERGER
SECTION 1.1 The Merger.
(a) Effective Time. At the Effective Time (as defined in Section 1.2),
and subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the CCC,
Merger Sub shall be merged with and into the Company, the separate corporate
existence of Merger Sub shall cease, and the Company shall continue as the
surviving corporation. The Company as the surviving corporation after the
Merger is hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "Surviving Corporation."
(b) Closing. Unless this Agreement shall have been terminated and the
transactions herein contemplated shall have been abandoned pursuant to Section
8.1 and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in
Article VII, the consummation of the Merger (the "Closing") will take place as
promptly as practicable (and in any event within two business days) after
satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Article VII, at the
offices of Ropes & Gray, One International Place, Boston, Massachusetts, unless
another date, time or place is agreed to in writing by the parties hereto.
(c) Escrow. At the Effective Time, Parent shall deliver to State Street
Bank & Trust Company (or such other escrow agent as the parties may agree), or
any successor or other escrow agent (the "Escrow Agent") appointed pursuant to
the Escrow Agreement (as hereinafter defined) the number of shares of Parent
Common Stock as set forth on Schedule 1 to the Escrow Agreement, such shares to
be held and applied in accordance with the Escrow Agreement (the "Escrow
Shares").
(d) Stockholders Representative. The Principal Stockholders, by virtue of
their approval of the Agreement, will be deemed to have irrevocably constituted
and appointed, effective as of the Effective Time, Richard M. Rose (together
with his permitted successors, the "Stockholder Representative"), as their true
and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact to enter into any agreement in connection
with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any transactions
contemplated by the Escrow Agreement, to exercise all or any of the powers,
authority and discretion conferred on him under any such agreement, to waive any
terms and conditions of any such agreement (other than the Merger
Consideration), to give and receive notices on their behalf and to be their
exclusive representative with respect to any matter, suit, claim, action or
proceeding arising with respect to any transaction contemplated by any such
agreement, including, without limitation, the defense, settlement or compromise
of any claim, action or proceeding for which the Parent or the Merger Sub may be
entitled to indemnification and the Stockholder Representative agrees to act as,
and to undertake the duties and responsibilities of, such agent and
attorney-in-fact. This power of attorney is coupled with an interest and is
irrevocable. The Stockholder Representative shall not be liable
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<PAGE>
for any action taken or not taken by him in connection with his obligations
under this Agreement (i) with the consent of Principal Stockholders who, as of
the date of this Agreement, owned a majority in number of the outstanding shares
of Company Common Stock owned by the Principal Stockholders or (ii) in the
absence of his own gross negligence or wilful misconduct. If the Stockholder
Representative shall be unable or unwilling to serve in such capacity, his
successor shall be named by Principal Stockholders holding a majority of the
shares of Company Common Stock owned by the Principal Stockholders at the
Effective Time who shall serve and exercise the powers of Stockholder
Representative hereunder. For purposes of this Agreement, the "Principal
Stockholders" shall be those natural persons identified in the Escrow Agreement
as being parties to the Escrow Agreement.
(e) Closing Certificate; Exchange Ratio. At the Closing, the Company shall
deliver to Parent a certificate, in form and substance satisfactory to Parent
and signed by its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (the
"Company Closing Certificate"), certifying (i) the number of outstanding shares
of Company Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, as of the date of the Closing,
(ii) the maximum number of shares of Company Common Stock and Class B Common
Stock issuable upon the conversion or exercise of all options, warrants, and
other securities of the Company convertible into or exercisable for shares of
Company Common Stock that are outstanding on the Closing Date (whether or not
such securities are then exercisable in full), and (iii) the Excess Company
Expenses (as defined in Section 8.3). The aggregate number of shares of Parent
Common Stock to be issued in the Merger in exchange for each share of Company
Common Stock shall be the result of dividing (i) the result of $7,900,000 less
the Excess Company Expenses (as defined in Section 8.3) divided by $5.00, by
(ii) the number of shares of Company Common Stock and shares of Class B Common
Stock outstanding on the date of the Closing, plus the maximum number of shares
of Company Common Stock or Class B Common Stock issuable upon the conversion or
exercise of all options, warrants, preferred stock and other securities of the
Company convertible into or exercisable for shares of Company Common Stock
(other than outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock) or Class B Common Stock
that are outstanding on the Closing Date (whether or not such securities are
then exercisable in full) (such result, expressed as a ratio of the number of
shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued in the Merger for each then
outstanding share of Company Common Stock, is hereinafter referred to as the
"Exchange Ratio"). The number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon
conversion of the Convertible Promissory Notes and the Stock Purchase Warratns
(each as defined in Section 2.3 below) shall be deemed to be 18,503.
SECTION 1.2 Effective Time. As promptly as practicable after the
satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Article VII, the parties
hereto shall cause the Merger to be consummated by filing a duly executed and
delivered Agreement of Merger in a form reasonably acceptable to the Company and
Parent and as contemplated by the CCC (the "Merger Agreement"), with the
Secretary of State of the State of California, in such form as required by, and
executed in accordance with the relevant provisions of, the CCC (the time of
such filing being the "Effective Time").
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<PAGE>
SECTION 1.3 Effect of the Merger. At the Effective Time, the effect of
the Merger shall be as provided in this Agreement, the Merger Agreement and the
applicable provisions of the CCC. Without limiting the generality of the
foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Effective Time all the property, rights,
privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and Merger Sub shall vest in
the Surviving Corporation, and all debts, liabilities and duties of the Company
and Merger Sub shall become the debts, liabilities and duties of the Surviving
Corporation.
SECTION 1.4 Articles of Incorporation, By-Laws.
(a) Articles of Incorporation. Unless otherwise determined by Parent
prior to the Effective Time, at the Effective Time the Articles of Incorporation
of the Surviving Corporation, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective
Time, shall be amended and restated to read as did the Articles of Incorporation
of the Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time, except that the name
of the Surviving Corporation will remain unchanged.
(b) By-Laws. Unless otherwise determined by Parent prior to the Effective
Time, the By-Laws of the Surviving Corporation, as in effect immediately prior
to the Effective Time, shall be amended and restated to read as did the By-Laws
of the Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time, except that the name
of the Surviving Corporation shall remain unchanged.
SECTION 1.5 Directors and Officers. The initial directors and officers of
the Surviving Corporation shall be as follows, each to hold office in accordance
with the Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws of the Surviving Corporation:
Irving Weissman, M.D. - Director, Fred Gage, M.D. - Director, Seth A. Rudnick,
M.D. - Director, John McBride - Director and Treasurer, Ivor Elrifi - Director
and Secretary and Richard Rose - President.
SECTION 1.6 Effect on Capital Stock. At the Effective Time, by virtue of
the Merger and without any action on the part of the Parent, Merger Sub, the
Company or the holders of any of the following securities:
(a) Conversion of Securities.
(i) Each share of Company Common Stock issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time and each share of Class B Common
Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time
(excluding any shares of Company Common Stock or Class B Common Stock to be
canceled pursuant to Section 1.6(b) and Company Dissenting Shares (as
defined in Section 1.6(c)) shall be converted, subject to Section 1.6(i),
into the right to receive validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
shares ("Parent Shares") of Parent Common Stock equal to the Exchange
Ratio.
(ii) Each of the Convertible Promissory Notes (as defined in Section
2.3 below) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall, in
full satisfaction thereof, be converted into the right to receive the
number of shares of Company Common Stock
-4-
<PAGE>
equal to the outstanding principal balance of each such Convertible
Promissory Note divided by $11.40. The resultant number of shares of
Company Common Stock shall be converted into the right to receive shares of
Parent Common Stock as provided in Section 1.6(a)(i) above.
(b) Cancellation. Each share of Company Common Stock and each share of
Class B Common Stock held in the treasury of the Company and each share of
Company Common Stock and each share of Class B Common Stock owned by Parent,
Merger Sub or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company or
Parent immediately prior to the Effective Time shall, by virtue of the Merger
and without any action on the part of the holder thereof, cease to be
outstanding, be canceled and retired without payment of any consideration
therefor and cease to exist.
(c) Shares of Dissenting Holders. (a) Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary contained in this Agreement, any holder of Company Common Stock or
Class B Common Stock with respect to which dissenters' rights, if any, are
granted by reason of the Merger under the CCC and who does not vote in favor of
the Merger and who otherwise complies with Chapter 13 of the CCC shall be
entitled to receive with respect to such shares (the "Company Dissenting
Shares") the payment provided for by Chapter 13 of the CCC and only such
payment, and shall not be entitled to receive shares of Parent Common Stock
pursuant to Section 1.6(a) hereof. If any such holder fails to perfect,
effectively withdraws or loses his or her dissenters' rights under the CCC, his
or her Company Dissenting Shares shall thereupon be deemed to have been
converted, as of the Effective Time, into the right to receive shares of Parent
Common Stock pursuant to Section 1.6(a).
(d) Payments on Company Dissenting Shares. Any payments relating to the
Company Dissenting Shares shall be made solely by the Surviving Corporation and
no funds or other property have been or will be provided by Merger Sub or any of
Parent's other direct or indirect subsidiaries for such payment.
(e) Stock Options under the 1996 Stock Option Plan.
(i) At the Effective Time, each outstanding option to purchase
Company Common Stock granted under the Company's 1996 Stock Option Plan
(the "Company Stock Option Plan" and each such option a "Stock Option"),
whether vested or unvested, shall be deemed assumed by Parent and deemed to
constitute an option to acquire, on the same terms and conditions as were
applicable to such Stock Option under the Company Stock Option Plan and any
other agreement to which such Stock Option is subject prior to the
Effective Time, the number (rounded down to the nearest whole number) of
shares of Parent Common Stock as the holder of such Stock Option would have
been entitled to receive pursuant to the Merger had such holder exercised
such option in full immediately prior to the Effective Time (not taking
into account whether or not such option was in fact exercisable), at a
price per share equal to (x) the aggregate
-5-
<PAGE>
exercise price for Company Common Stock otherwise purchasable pursuant to
such Stock Option divided by (y) the result obtained by multiplying the
number of shares of Company Common Stock otherwise purchasable pursuant to
such Stock Option by the Exchange Ratio (provided that in no event shall
the per share exercise price under such option be less than $.01).
(ii) As soon as practicable after the Effective Time, Parent shall
deliver to each holder of an outstanding Stock Option an appropriate notice
setting forth such holder's rights pursuant thereto, and such Stock Option
shall continue in effect on the same terms and conditions.
(iii) Parent shall take all corporate action necessary to reserve for
issuance a sufficient number of shares of Parent Common Stock for delivery
pursuant to the terms set forth in this Section 1.6(e).
(iv) Subject to any applicable limitations under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the
"Securities Act"), Parent shall file a Registration Statement on Form S-8
(or any successor form), effective promptly following the Effective Time,
with respect to the shares of Parent Common Stock issuable upon exercise of
the Stock Options, and the Parent shall use all reasonable efforts to
maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement (and maintain the
current status of the prospectus or prospectuses relating thereto) for so
long as such options shall remain outstanding.
(f) Other Stock Options.
(i) At the Effective Time, each outstanding option to purchase
Company Common Stock other than the Stock Options (each a "Licensor Stock
Option"), whether vested or unvested, shall be deemed assumed by Parent and
deemed to constitute an option to acquire, on the same terms and conditions
as were applicable to the Licensor Stock Option prior to the Effective
Time, the number (rounded down to the nearest whole number) of shares of
Parent Common Stock as the holder of such Licensor Stock Option would have
been entitled to receive pursuant to the Merger had such holder exercised
such option in full immediately prior to the Effective Time (not taking
into account whether or not such option was in fact exercisable), at a
price per share equal to (x) the aggregate exercise price for Company
Common Stock otherwise purchasable pursuant to such Licensor Stock Option
divided by (y) the result obtained by multiplying the number of shares of
Company Common Stock otherwise purchasable pursuant to such Licensor Stock
Option by the Exchange Ratio (provided that in no event shall the per share
exercise price of such option be less than $.01).
(ii) As soon as practicable after the Effective Time, Parent shall
deliver to each holder of an outstanding Licensor Stock Option an
appropriate notice setting forth
-6-
<PAGE>
such holder's rights pursuant thereto, and such Licensor Stock Option shall
continue in effect on the same terms and conditions.
(iii) Parent shall take all corporate action necessary to reserve for
issuance a sufficient number of shares of Parent Common Stock for delivery
pursuant to the terms set forth in this Section 1.6(f).
(g) Stock Purchase Warrants.
(i) The holders of the Stock Purchase Warrants (as defined in Section
2.3 below), by virtue of their approval of the Agreement, will be deemed to
have agreed to the changes to and conversion of the Stock Purchase Warrants
as follows: at the Effective Time, each outstanding Stock Purchase Warrant
(as defined in Section 2.3 below) shall be deemed exercisable in full and
deemed assumed by Parent and deemed to constitute a warrant to acquire, on
the same terms and conditions as were applicable such Stock Purchase
Warrants prior to the Effective Time, the number (rounded down to the
nearest whole number) of shares of Parent Common Stock as the holder of
such Stock Purchase Warrant would have been entitled to receive pursuant to
the Merger had such holder exercised such Warrant option in full
immediately prior to the Effective Time (not taking into account whether or
not such Warrant option was in fact exercisable), at a price per share
equal to (x) the aggregate exercise price for Company Common Stock
otherwise purchasable pursuant to such Stock Purchase Warrant divided by
(y) the result obtained by multiplying the number of shares of Company
Common Stock otherwise purchasable pursuant to such Stock Purchase Warrant
(assuming the Exercise Price (as defined in the Stock Purchase Warrants)
is $11.40 divided by the Exchange Ratio (provided that in no event shall
the per share exercise price of such option be less than $.01). Each of
the Stock Purchase Warrants shall be deemed to be exercisable for the
number of shares of Company Common Stock equal to the initial dollar amount
set forth in Section 1 of each such Stock Purchase Warrant divided by
$11.40 (rounded down to the nearest whole share). The Exercise Period (as
defined in the Stock Purchase Warrants) shall be deemed to be from the date
of the Effective Time through an including the date five years from the
date of such Stock Purchase Warrant.
(ii) As soon as practicable after the Effective Time, Parent shall
deliver to each holder of an outstanding Stock Purchase Warrant an
appropriate notice setting forth such holder's rights pursuant thereto, and
such Stock Purchase Warrants shall continue in effect on the same terms and
conditions.
(iii) Parent shall take all corporate action necessary to reserve for
issuance a sufficient number of shares of Parent Common Stock for delivery
pursuant to the terms set forth in this Section 1.6(g).
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(h) Capital Stock of Merger Sub. Each share of common stock, $.001 par
value, of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective
Time shall be converted into and exchanged for one validly issued, fully paid
and nonassessable share of common stock, $.001 par value, of the Surviving
Corporation.
(i) Adjustments to Exchange Ratio. The Exchange Ratio shall be adjusted
to reflect fully the effect of any stock split, reverse split, reclassification,
stock dividend (including any dividend or distribution of securities convertible
into Parent Common Stock), reorganization, recapitalization or other like change
with respect to Parent Common Stock occurring after the date hereof and prior to
the Effective Time.
(j) Fractional Shares. No certificates or scrip representing less than
one share of Parent Common Stock shall be issued upon the surrender for exchange
of a certificate or certificates which immediately prior to the Effective Time
represented outstanding Shares (the "Certificates"). In lieu of any such
fractional share, each holder of Shares who would otherwise have been entitled
to a fraction of a share of Parent Common Stock upon surrender of Certificates
for exchange shall be paid upon such surrender cash (without interest)
determined by multiplying (i) $5.00 by (ii) the fractional interest of Parent
Common Stock to which such holder would otherwise be entitled. As soon as
practicable after determining the amount of cash, if any, to be paid to former
holders of Company Common Stock with respect to any fractional shares of Parent
Common Stock, the Parent shall promptly pay such amounts to such holders in
accordance with Article I.
SECTION 1.7 Exchange of Certificates.
(a) Exchange Agent. Parent shall supply, or shall cause to be supplied,
to or for the account of Boston Equiserve, or such other bank or trust company
as shall be designated by Parent (the "Exchange Agent"), in trust for the
benefit of the holders of Company Stock, for exchange in accordance with this
Section 1.7, certificates evidencing the shares of Parent Common Stock issuable
pursuant to Section 1.6 in exchange for outstanding shares of the Company's
capital stock. All of the shares of Parent Common Stock issued in the Merger
shall be issued as of and be deemed to be outstanding as of the Effective Time.
Parent shall cause all such shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued in
connection with the Merger to be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable.
(b) Exchange Procedures. As soon as reasonably practicable after the
Effective Time, Parent will instruct the Exchange Agent to mail to each holder
of record of Certificates (i) a letter of transmittal (which shall specify that
delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Certificates shall
pass, only upon proper delivery of the Certificates to the Exchange Agent and
shall be in such form and have such other provisions as Parent may reasonably
specify that are not inconsistent with the terms of this Agreement), and (ii)
instructions to effect the surrender of the Certificates in exchange for the
certificates evidencing the shares of Parent Common Stock. Upon surrender of a
Certificate for cancellation to the Exchange Agent together with such letter
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of transmittal, duly executed, and such other customary documents as may be
required pursuant to such instructions, the holder of such Certificate shall be
entitled to receive in exchange therefor (A) certificates evidencing that number
of whole of shares of Parent Common Stock which such holder has the right to
receive in accordance with the Exchange Ratio in respect of the Shares formerly
evidenced by such Certificate, (B) any dividends or other distributions to which
such holder is entitled pursuant to Section 1.7(c), and (C) cash in respect of
fractional shares as provided in Section 1.6(h) (the shares of Parent Common
Stock, dividends, distributions and cash being, collectively, the "Merger
Consideration"), and the Certificate so surrendered shall forthwith be canceled.
In the event of a transfer of ownership of Shares which is not registered in the
transfer records of the Company as of the Effective Time, the Merger
Consideration may be issued and paid in accordance with this Article I to a
transferee if the Certificate evidencing such Shares is presented to the
Exchange Agent, accompanied by all documents required to evidence and effect
such transfer pursuant to this Section 1.7(b) and by evidence that any
applicable stock transfer taxes have been paid. Until so surrendered, each
outstanding Certificate that, prior to the Effective Time, represented Shares of
Company Stock will be deemed from and after the Effective Time, for all
corporate purposes, other than the payment of dividends and subject to Section
1.6(g), to evidence the ownership of the number of full shares of Parent Common
Stock into which such shares of Company Stock shall have been so converted.
(c) Distributions With Respect to Unexchanged Parent Common Stock. No
dividends or other distributions declared or made after the Effective Time with
respect to shares of Parent Common Stock with a record date after the Effective
Time shall be paid to the holder of any unsurrendered Certificate with respect
to the shares of Parent Common Stock they are entitled to receive until the
holder of such Certificate shall surrender such Certificate. Subject to
applicable law, following surrender of any such Certificate, there shall be paid
to the record holder of the certificates representing whole shares of Parent
Common Stock issued in exchange therefor, without interest, at the time of such
surrender, the amount of dividends or other distributions with a record date
after the Effective Time theretofore paid with respect to such whole shares of
Parent Common Stock.
(d) Transfers of Ownership. If any certificate for shares of Parent
Common Stock is to be issued in a name other than that in which the Certificate
surrendered in exchange therefor is registered, it will be a condition to the
issuance thereof that the Certificate so surrendered will be properly endorsed
and otherwise in proper form for transfer and that the person requesting such
exchange will have paid to Parent or any agent designated by it any transfer or
other taxes required by reason of the issuance of a certificate for shares of
Parent Common Stock in any name other than that of the registered holder of the
certificate surrendered, or have established to the satisfaction of Parent or
any agent designated by it that such tax has been paid or is not payable.
(e) No Liability. Neither Parent, Merger Sub nor the Company shall be
liable to any holder of Company Stock for any Merger Consideration delivered to
a public official pursuant to
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any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar law following the passage
of time specified therein.
(f) Withholding Rights. Parent or the Exchange Agent shall be entitled to
deduct and withhold from the Merger Consideration otherwise payable pursuant to
this Agreement to any holder of Company Stock such amounts as Parent or the
Exchange Agent is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of
such payment under the Code, or any provision of state, local or foreign tax
law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld by Parent or the Exchange
Agent, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement
as having been paid to the holder of the Shares in respect of which such
deduction and withholding was made by Parent or the Exchange Agent.
SECTION 1.8 Stock Transfer Books. At the Effective Time, the stock
transfer books of the Company shall be closed, and there shall be no further
registration of transfers of Company Stock thereafter on the records of the
Company.
SECTION 1.9 No Further Ownership Rights in Company Stock. The Merger
Consideration delivered upon the surrender for exchange of Shares in accordance
with the terms hereof shall be deemed to have been issued in full satisfaction
of all rights pertaining to such Shares, and there shall be no further
registration of transfers on the records of the Surviving Corporation of Shares
which were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after the
Effective Time, Certificates are presented to the Surviving Corporation for any
reason, they shall be canceled and exchanged as provided in this Article I.
SECTION 1.10 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. In the event any
Certificates shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, the Exchange Agent shall
issue in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificates, upon the
making of an affidavit of that fact by the holder thereof, such shares of Parent
Common Stock as may be required pursuant to Section 1.6 as well as the other
Merger Consideration as provided in this Article; provided, however, that Parent
may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof,
require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificates to deliver an
agreement of indemnification in form satisfactory to Parent, or a bond in such
sum as Parent may reasonably direct as indemnity against any claim that may be
made against Parent or the Exchange Agent with respect to the Certificates
alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
SECTION 1.11 Tax Consequences. It is intended by the parties hereto that
the Merger shall constitute a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368
of the Code. The parties hereto hereby adopt this Agreement as a "plan of
reorganization" within the meaning of Sections 1.368-2(g) and 1.368-3(a) of the
United States Treasury Regulations.
SECTION 1.12 Taking of Necessary Action; Further Action. Each of Parent,
Merger Sub and the Company will take all such reasonable and lawful action as
may be necessary or appropriate in order to effectuate the Merger in accordance
with this Agreement as promptly as
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possible. If, at any time after the Effective Time, any such further action is
necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of this Agreement and to vest
the Surviving Corporation with full right, title and possession to all assets,
property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and Merger
Sub, the officers and directors of the Company and Merger Sub immediately prior
to the Effective Time are fully authorized in the name of their respective
corporations or otherwise to take, and will take, all such lawful and necessary
action.
SECTION 1.13 Material Adverse Effect. When used in connection with the
Company or Parent or any of its subsidiaries, as the case may be, the term
"Material Adverse Effect" means any change, effect or circumstance that,
individually or when taken together with all other such changes, effects or
circumstances that have occurred prior to the date of determination of the
occurrence of the Material Adverse Effect, (a) is or is reasonably likely to be
materially adverse to the business, assets (including intangible assets),
prospects, financial condition or results of operations of the Company or Parent
and its subsidiaries, as the case may be, in each case taken as a whole, or (b)
is or is reasonably likely to delay or prevent the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby.
ARTICLE II
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES REGARDING THE COMPANY
The Company hereby represents and warrants to Parent and Merger Sub that,
except as set forth in the written disclosure schedule delivered on or prior to
the date hereof by the Company to Parent that is arranged in paragraphs
corresponding to the numbered and lettered paragraphs contained in this Article
II (the "Company Disclosure Schedule"), the statements contained in this Article
II are true and correct as of the date of this Agreement and, unless a date is
specified in such representation or warranty, will be true and correct as of the
date of Closing (as though made on and as of the date of Closing unless such
representations is as of a specific date, then only as of that date).
Disclosure in any paragraph of the Disclosure Schedule shall qualify only the
corresponding paragraph in this Article II:
SECTION 2.1 Organization and Qualification; Subsidiaries. The Company is
a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the
laws of California and has the requisite corporate power and authority necessary
to own, lease and operate the properties it purports to own, operate or lease
and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except where the
failure to be so organized, existing and in good standing or to have such power
and authority could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect. The Company is not required to be qualified or licensed as a foreign
corporation in any state to do business, because the character of its properties
owned, leased or operated and the nature of its activities makes such
qualification or licensing unnecessary. The Company does not directly or
indirectly own any equity or similar interest in, or any interest convertible
into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any equity or similar interest in, any
corporation, partnership, joint venture or other business association or entity.
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SECTION 2.2 Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws. The Company has
heretofore furnished to Parent a complete and correct copy of its Articles of
Incorporation and By-Laws as amended to date. Such Articles of Incorporation
and By-Laws are in full force and effect. The Company is not in violation of
any of the provisions of its Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws.
SECTION 2.3 Capitalization. The authorized capital stock of the
Company consists of (i) 5,000,000 shares of Company Common Stock and (ii)
80,000 shares of Class B Common Stock. As of the date hereof, (a) 491,217
shares of Company Common Stock and 80,000 shares of Class B Common Stock,
respectively, were issued and outstanding, all of which are validly issued,
fully paid and nonassessable, and no such shares were held in treasury, (b)
no shares of Company Common Stock were held by subsidiaries of the Company,
(c) 28,000 shares of Company Common Stock were reserved for future issuance
pursuant to outstanding stock options granted under the Company Stock Option
Plan, (d) 75,500 shares of Company Common Stock were reserved for future
issuance pursuant to outstanding Licenser Stock Options and (e) 80,000
shares of Company Common Stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to the
conversion of the shares of Class B Common Stock. Upon the conversion of the
shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof, there will be
outstanding an additional 80,000 shares of Company Common Stock. Section 2.3
of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list of all convertible
promissory notes (the "Convertible Promissory Notes"), options and warrants
(the "Stock Purchase Warrants") issued by the Company. Except as set forth
in Section 2.3 or Section 2.11 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, there are
no options, warrants or other rights, agreements, arrangements or commitments
of any character relating to the issued or unissued capital stock of the
Company or obligating the Company to issue or sell any shares of capital
stock of, or other equity interests in, the Company. All shares of the
capital stock of the Company subject to issuance as aforesaid, upon issuance
on the terms and conditions specified in the instruments pursuant to which
they are issuable, shall be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable. Except as disclosed in Section 2.3 of the Company Disclosure
Schedule, there are no obligations, contingent or otherwise, of the Company
to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of capital stock of the
Company to provide funds to or make any investment (in the form of a loan,
capital contribution, guaranty or otherwise) in any entity.
SECTION 2.4 Authority Relative to this Agreement. (a) The Company has
all necessary corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this
Agreement and the Merger Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder
and thereunder and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and
thereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Merger
Agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the
transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly and validly
authorized by all necessary corporate action, and no other corporate
proceedings on the part of the Company are necessary to authorize this
Agreement or the Merger Agreement or to consummate the transactions so
contemplated (other than the Requisite Approvals as hereinafter defined).
The Board of Directors of the Company has determined that it is advisable and
in the best interest of the
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Company's stockholders for the Company to enter into a business combination
with Parent upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement,
and has unanimously recommended that the Company's stockholders approve and
adopt this Agreement, the Merger Agreement and the Merger. This Agreement
has been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming
the due authorization, execution and delivery by Parent and Merger Sub, as
applicable, constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company
enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms.
(b) The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the
outstanding shares of Company Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock (on
an as converted basis), voting as a single class, and the affirmative vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock
voting as its own class is necessary to approve this Agreement, the Merger
Agreement and the Merger (the "Requisite Approvals").
SECTION 2.5 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents.
(a) Section 2.5(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule includes a list
of (i) all loan agreements, notes, indentures, mortgages, pledges,
conditional sale or title retention agreements, security agreements,
equipment obligations, guaranties, standby letters of credit, equipment
leases or lease purchase agreements to which the Company is a party or by
which it is bound; and (ii) all contracts, agreements, licenses, material
transfer agreements, sponsored research agreements, commitments or other
understandings or arrangements to which the Company is a party or by which it
or any of its properties or assets is bound or affected, but excluding
contracts, agreements, research agreements, licenses, equipment leases,
equipment obligations, commitments or other understandings or arrangements
entered into in the ordinary course of business and involving, in the case of
each of (i) and (ii) above, payments (or obligations to make payments) or
receipts by the Company of less than $5,000 in any single instance but not
more than $20,000 in the aggregate.
(b) Except as disclosed in Section 2.5(b) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule, (i) the Company has not breached, is not in default under, and has
not received written notice of any breach of or default under, any of the
agreements, contracts, licenses or other instruments referred to in clauses
(i) or (ii) of Section 2.5(a), (ii) to the best knowledge of the Company, no
other party to any of the agreements, contracts, licenses or other
instruments referred to in clauses (i) or (ii) of Section 2.5(a) has breached
or is in default of any of its obligations thereunder and (iii) each of the
agreements, contracts, licenses and other instruments referred to in clauses
(i) or (ii) of Section 2.5(a) is in full force and effect and no event has
occurred and no circumstances exist which would permit a licensor under any
of the licenses referred to in clause (ii) of Section 2.5(a) to cause the
license granted to the Company pursuant to such license to be made
non-exclusive.
(c) Except as set forth in Section 2.5(c) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule, the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company does
not, and the performance of this
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Agreement by the Company and the consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby will not, (i) conflict with or violate the Articles of
Incorporation or By-Laws of the Company, (ii) conflict with or violate any
federal, foreign, state or provincial law, rule, regulation, order, judgment
or decree (collectively, "Laws") applicable to the Company or by which its
properties is bound or affected, or (iii) result in any breach of or
constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both
would become a default under), or impair the Company's rights or alter the
rights or obligations of any third party under, or give to others any rights
of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, or result in the
creation of a Lien (as defined in Section 2.14) on any of the properties or
assets of the Company or pursuant to, any note, bond, mortgage, indenture,
contract, agreement, research agreement, lease, license, permit, franchise or
other instrument or obligation to which the Company is a party or by which
the Company or any of its properties is bound.
(d) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company does
not, and the performance of this Agreement by the Company will not, require
any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or filing with or
notification to, any federal, foreign, state or provincial governmental or
regulatory authority except (i) for applicable requirements, if any, of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, state securities laws ("Blue Sky Laws"), any required foreign
anti-trust or similar filings and the filing and recordation of appropriate
merger or other documents as required by the CCC, and (ii) where the failure
to obtain such consents, approvals, authorizations or permits, or to make
such filings or notifications, would not prevent or delay consummation of the
Merger, or otherwise prevent or delay the Company from performing its
obligations under this Agreement.
SECTION 2.6 Permits.
Except as disclosed in Section 2.6 of the Company Disclosure Schedule,
the Company holds all permits, licenses, easements, variances, exemptions,
consents, certificates, orders and approvals from governmental authorities
which are material to the operation of the business of the Company as it is
now being conducted (collectively, the "Company Permits"). The Company and
its subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of the Company Permits,
except where the failure to so comply could not reasonably be expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 2.7 Financial Statements.
(a) Attached to the Company Disclosure Schedule is the unaudited
consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of July 31, 1997, to (the
"Financial Statements").
(b) The Financial Statements (including, in each case, any related
notes thereto) fairly presents the financial position of the Company as at
the date thereof.
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(c) The Company's accounts payables as of the date hereof are set forth
in Section 2.7(c) to the Company Disclosure Schedule.
SECTION 2.8 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Except as set forth
in Section 2.8 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, since [Date of Balance
Sheet), the Company has conducted its business in the ordinary course and
there has not occurred: (a) any Material Adverse Effect; (b) any damage to,
destruction or loss of any asset of the Company (whether or not covered by
insurance) that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect; (c) any material revaluation by the Company of any of its assets,
including, without limitation, writing off notes or accounts receivable other
than in the ordinary course of business; (f) any other action or event that
would have required the consent of Parent pursuant to Section 5.1 had such
action or event occurred after the date of this Agreement; or (g) any sale or
license of the property or assets of the Company.
SECTION 2.9 No Undisclosed Liabilities. Except as is disclosed in
Section 2.9 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, the Company has no
liabilities (absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise), except liabilities
(a) in the aggregate adequately provided for on the face of the Company's
balance sheet included in the Financial Statements, (b) incurred in
connection with this Agreement, or (c) incurred in the ordinary course of
business.
SECTION 2.10 Absence of Litigation. Except as set forth in Section
2.10 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, there are no claims, actions, suits,
proceedings or investigations pending or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened against the Company, or any properties or rights of the Company,
before any federal, foreign, state or provincial court, arbitrator or
administrative, governmental or regulatory authority or body, nor, to the
knowledge of the Company, is there any basis therefor.
SECTION 2.11 Employee Benefit Plans, Employment Agreements.
(a) Except for the Company Stock Option Plan, the Company has no, and
has never had any (i) employee pension plans (as defined in Section 3(2) of
the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA")),
(ii) employee welfare plans (as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA), (iii)
other bonus, stock option, stock purchase, incentive, deferred compensation,
supplemental retirement, severance and other similar fringe or employee
benefit plans, programs or arrangements, written or otherwise, for the
benefit of, or relating to, any present or former employee (including any
beneficiary of any such employee) of, or any present or former consultant
(including any beneficiary of any such consultant) to the Company.
(b) Section 2.11(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth a
true and complete list of: (i) all employment agreements with officers of
the Company; (ii) all agreements with consultants who are individuals
obligating the Company to make annual cash payments in an amount exceeding
$30,000 (iii) all employees of, or consultants to, the Company who have
executed a non-competition agreement with the Company; (iv) all severance
agreements,
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programs and policies of the Company with or relating to its employees, in
each case with outstanding commitments exceeding $30,000, excluding programs
and policies required to be maintained by law; and (v) all plans, programs,
agreements and other arrangements of the Company with or relating to its
employees which contain change in control provisions.
SECTION 2.12 Intentionally Deleted.
SECTION 2.13 Restrictions on Business Activities. Except for this
Agreement, to the best of the Company's knowledge, there is no agreement,
judgement, injunction, order or decree binding upon the Company which has or
could reasonably be expected to have the effect of prohibiting or impairing
any business practice of the Company, any acquisition of property by the
Company or any of its subsidiaries or the conduct of business by the Company
as currently conducted or as proposed to be conducted by the Company, except
for any prohibition or impairment as could not reasonably be expected to have
a Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 2.14 Title to Property. Except as set forth in Section 2.14 of
the Company Disclosure Schedule, the Company has good and defensible title to
all of its tangible properties and assets, free and clear of all security
liens, claims, pledges, agreements, charges and other encumbrances
(collectively, "Liens"), except liens for taxes not yet due and payable and
such liens or other imperfections of title, if any, as do not materially
detract from the value of or interfere with the present use of the property
affected thereby. The Company does not own or lease any real property and
the Company is not party to or bound by any lease with respect to personal
property.
SECTION 2.15 Taxes.
(a) For purposes of this Agreement, "Tax" or "Taxes" shall mean taxes,
fees, levies, duties, tariffs, imposts, and governmental impositions or
charges of any kind in the nature of (or similar to) taxes, payable to any
federal, state, local or foreign taxing authority, including (without
limitation) (i) income, franchise, profits, gross receipts, ad valorem, net
worth, value added, sales, use, service, real or personal property, special
assessments, capital stock, license, payroll, withholding, employment, social
security (or similar), workers' compensation, unemployment compensation,
disability, utility, severance, production, excise, stamp, occupation,
premiums, windfall profits, environmental (including taxes under Code Section
59A), customs duties, registration, alternative and add-on minimum,
estimated, transfer and gains taxes, or other tax of any kind whatsoever and
(ii) in all cases, including interest, penalties, additional taxes and
additions to tax imposed with respect thereto whether disputed or not; and
"Tax Returns" shall mean returns, reports, declarations, forms and
information returns or statements relating to Taxes including any schedule or
attachment thereto required to be filed with the IRS or any other federal,
foreign, state, local or provincial taxing authority, domestic or foreign,
including, without limitation, consolidated, combined and unitary tax returns.
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(b) Other than as disclosed in Section 2.15(b) of the Company
Disclosure Schedule, (i) the Company has filed all Tax Returns required to be
filed by it and all such Tax Returns were correct and complete in all
material respects, (ii) the Company has paid and discharged all Taxes due in
connection with or with respect to the periods or transactions covered by
such Tax Returns and have paid all other Taxes as are due, except such as are
being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings (to the extent that
any such proceedings are required) and with respect to which the Company is
maintaining adequate reserves, (iii) no Tax Return referred to in clause (i)
has been the subject of examination by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS")
or the appropriate state, local or foreign taxing authority of which written
notice was received; (vii) no deficiencies have been asserted or assessments
made as a result of any examinations of the Tax Returns referred to in clause
(i) by the IRS or the appropriate state, local or foreign taxing authority;
(iv) no action, suit, proceeding, audit, claim, deficiency or assessment has
been claimed or raised or is pending with respect to any Taxes of the
Company; (v) the Company has withheld from its employees, customers,
consultants and other payees (and timely paid to the appropriate governmental
authority) all amounts required by the Tax withholding provisions of
applicable federal, state, local, and foreign laws (including, without
limitation, income, social security, and employment Tax withholding for all
types of compensation, and withholding on payments to non-United States
persons) for all periods; (vi) there has not been filed a consent under Code
section 341(f) concerning collapsible corporations with respect to the
Company; (vii) the Company has not made any payment, is not obligated to make
any payment, and is not a party to any agreement that could obligate it to
make any payments that will not be deductible under Code section 280G or be
subject to the excise tax of Code section 4999 and (viii) no claim has ever
been made by any authority in a jurisdiction where the Company does not file
Tax Returns that it is or may be subject to tax by that jurisdiction. There
are no tax liens on or security interests in any assets of the Company; and
neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has granted any waiver of any
statute of limitations with respect to, or any extension of a period for the
assessment of, any Tax. The accruals and reserves for Taxes (including
deferred taxes) reflected in the Financial Statements are in all material
respects adequate to cover all Taxes required to be accrued through the date
thereof (including interest and penalties, if any, thereon and Taxes being
contested) in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
SECTION 2.16 Environmental Matters. Except in all cases as, in the
aggregate, have not had and could not reasonably be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect, the Company is and always has been in compliance
with all applicable federal, state, foreign or local laws or any regulation,
code, plan, order, decree, judgment, notice or demand letter issued, entered,
promulgated or approved thereunder relating to pollution or protection of the
environment, including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or
threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or hazardous or toxic
materials or wastes into ambient air, surface water, ground water, or land or
otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use,
treatment, storage, disposal, transport, or handling of pollutants,
contaminants or hazardous or toxic materials or wastes by the Company or its
respective agents ("Environmental Laws").
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SECTION 2.17 Intellectual Property.
(a) All of the proprietary intellectual property which the Company,
directly or indirectly, owns, or is licensed or otherwise possesses legally
enforceable rights to use, including, without limitation, all inventions,
patents, trademarks, trade names, service marks, copyrights, and any
applications therefor, compositions of matter, cells, techniques, technology,
trade secrets, know-how, research and development, know-how, technical data,
proprietary computer software programs or applications, and other tangible or
intangible proprietary information or material (collectively, the "Company
Intellectual Property Rights") are described in Section 2.17(a) of the
Company Disclosure Schedule. Such Section sets forth a complete list of all
patents, trademarks, registered copyrights, trade names and service marks,
and any applications therefor, included in the Company Intellectual Property
Rights, and specifies, where applicable, the jurisdictions in which each such
Company Intellectual Property Right has been issued or registered or in which
an application for such issuance and registration has been filed, including
the respective registration or application numbers, the names of all
registered owners and, in the case of any application, the status of such
application.
(b) Section 2.17(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth a
complete list of all licenses, sublicenses and other agreements as to which
the Company is a party and pursuant to which the Company or any other person
is authorized to use any Company Intellectual Property Right or other trade
secret material to the Company, and includes the identity of all parties
thereto. The Company is not in violation of any license, sublicense or
agreement described on such list and the Company has neither taken any action
nor failed to take any action that with the passage of time would result in
violation of any such license, sublicense or agreement described on such
list. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company, and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will neither cause the
Company to be in violation or default under any such license, sublicense or
agreement, nor entitle any other party to any such license, sublicense or
agreement to terminate or modify such license, sublicense or agreement,
except as set forth on Section 2.17(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule.
(c) Except as set forth in Section 2.17(c) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule the Company is the sole and exclusive owner or licensee of, with all
right, title and interest in and to (free and clear of any Liens or other
encumbrances) the Company Intellectual Property Rights, and has sole and
exclusive rights (and is not contractually obligated to pay any compensation
to any third party in respect thereof) to the use thereof or the material
covered thereby in connection with the services or products in respect of
which the Company Intellectual Property Rights are being used. Except as
disclosed in Section 2.17(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, to the
Company's knowledge, the Company has not interfered with, infringed upon,
misappropriated, or otherwise come into conflict with any intellectual
property rights of third parties, and the Company has never received any
charge, complaint, claim, demand, or notice alleging any such interference,
infringement, misappropriation, or violation (including any claim that the
Company must license or refrain from using any intellectual property rights
of any third party). To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has
interfered with,
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infringed upon, misappropriated, or otherwise come into conflict with any
Company Intellectual Property Rights. With respect to all registered
patents, trademarks, service marks and copyrights included in the Company
Intellectual Property Rights, the Company has not received any notice, claim
or demand alleging that any of such patents, trademarks, service marks or
copyrights are invalid. No Company Intellectual Property Right of the
Company is subject to any outstanding decree, order, judgment, or stipulation
restricting in any manner the licensing thereof by the Company. The Company
has not entered into any agreement under which the Company is restricted from
selling, licensing or otherwise distributing any of its products to any class
of customers, in any geographic area, during any period of time or in any
segment of the market. All of the employees, consultants and independent
contractors of the Company developed any of the Company Intellectual Property
have entered into agreements assigning all right, title and interest in the
Company Intellectual Property to the Company. The Company has a policy
requiring each employee, consultant and independent contractor to execute a
confidentiality agreement substantially in the form previously delivered to
Parent.
SECTION 2.18 Interested Party Transactions. Except as set forth in
Section 2.18 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, since December 31, 1996, no
event has occurred that would be required to be reported as a Certain
Relationship or Related Transaction, pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K
promulgated by the SEC assuming the monetary threshold for reporting such
relationships and transactions under such Item was $20,000.
SECTION 2.19 Insurance. The Company maintains no insurance policies.
SECTION 2.20 Accounts Receivable; Inventories.
(a) The Company has no accounts or notes receivable. The Company has
no inventory of raw materials and supplies, manufactured, goods in process,
or finished goods.
SECTION 2.21 Equipment. All of the tangible personal property of the
Company other than inventory (the "Equipment") is in good working order,
operating condition and state of repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted.
SECTION 2.22 Brokers. No broker, finder or investment banker is
entitled to any brokerage, finder's or other fee or commission in connection
with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements
made by or on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries or affiliates.
SECTION 2.23 Change in Control Payments. Except as set forth on
Section 2.11(d) or Section 2.23 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, the
Company does not have any plans, programs or agreements to which it is a
party, or to which it is subject, pursuant to which payments may be required
or acceleration of benefits may be required upon a change of control of the
Company.
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SECTION 2.24 Expenses. Section 2.24 of the Company Disclosure Schedule
attached hereto sets forth a description of the estimated expenses of the
Company and its subsidiaries which the Company expects to incur, or has
incurred, in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
ARTICLE III
[Intentionally Deleted]
ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB
Parent and Merger Sub hereby, jointly and severally, represent and
warrant to the Company that, except as set forth in the written disclosure
schedule delivered on or prior to the date hereof by Parent to the Company
that is arranged in paragraphs corresponding to the numbered and lettered
paragraphs contained in this Article III (the "Parent Disclosure Schedule"):
SECTION 4.1 Organization and Qualification; Subsidiaries. Each of
Parent and its subsidiaries is a corporation duly organized, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation
and has the requisite corporate power and authority necessary to own, lease
and operate the properties it purports to own, operate or lease and to carry
on its business as it is now being conducted, except where the failure to be
so organized, existing and in good standing or to have such power, authority
could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Each of
Parent and each of its subsidiaries is duly qualified or licensed as a
foreign corporation to do business, and is in good standing, in each
jurisdiction where the character of its properties owned, leased or operated
by it or the nature of its activities makes such qualification or licensing
necessary, except for such failures to be so duly qualified or licensed and
in good standing that could not reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect.
SECTION 4.2 Charter and By-Laws. Parent has heretofore furnished to
the Company a complete and correct copy of its Certificate of Incorporation
and By-Laws, as amended to date and the Articles of Incorporation and By-laws
of Merger Sub, as amended to date. Such Certificate of Incorporation,
Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws are in full force and effect. Neither
Parent nor Merger Sub is in violation of any of the provisions of its charter
or By-Laws.
SECTION 4.3 Capitalization. As of July 31, 1997, the authorized
capital stock of Parent consisted of (i) 45,000,000 shares of Parent Common
Stock of which 16,536,172 shares were issued and outstanding, all of which
are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, none of which were held in
treasury, 2,914,415 shares were reserved for future issuance under Parent's
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equity incentive plan, directors option plan and employee stock purchase plan
and (ii) 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par value per share, none
of which was issued and outstanding and none of which was held in treasury.
No material change in such capitalization has occurred between June 30, 1997
and the date hereof. The authorized capital stock of Merger Sub consists of
1000 shares of common stock, $.001 par value, all of which are issued and
outstanding.
SECTION 4.4 Authority Relative to this Agreement. Each of Parent and
Merger Sub has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute and
deliver this Agreement and the Merger Agreement and to perform its
obligations hereunder and thereunder and to consummate the transactions
contemplated hereby and thereby. The execution and delivery of this
Agreement and the Merger Agreement by Parent and Merger Sub and the
consummation by Parent and Merger Sub of the transactions contemplated hereby
and thereby have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary corporate
action on the part of Parent and Merger Sub, and no other corporate
proceedings on the part of Parent or Merger Sub are necessary to authorize
this Agreement, the Merger Agreement, or to consummate the transactions
contemplated hereby or thereby. This Agreement has been duly and validly
executed and delivered by Parent and Merger Sub and, assuming the due
authorization, execution and delivery by the Company, constitutes a legal,
valid and binding obligation of Parent and Merger Sub enforceable against
each of them in accordance with its terms.
SECTION 4.5 No Conflict, Required Filings and Consents.
(a) Except as set forth in Section 4.5(c) of the Parent Disclosure
Schedule, the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Parent and Merger
Sub do not, and the performance of this Agreement by Parent and Merger Sub
will not, (i) conflict with or violate the Certificate of Incorporation or
By-Laws of Parent or the Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws of Merger Sub,
(ii) conflict with or violate any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or
decree applicable to Parent or any of its subsidiaries or by which its or
their respective properties are bound or affected, or (iii) result in any
breach of or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of
time or both would become a default) under, or impair Parent's or any of its
subsidiaries' rights or alter the rights or obligations of any third party
under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration
or cancellation of, or result in the creation of a lien or encumbrance on any
of the properties or assets of Parent or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to,
any note, bond, mortgage, indenture, contract, agreement, lease, license,
permit, franchise or other instrument or obligation to which Parent or any of
its subsidiaries is a party or by which Parent or any of its subsidiaries or
its or any of their respective properties are bound or affected, except in
any such case for any such conflicts, violations, breaches, defaults or other
occurrences that could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.
(b) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by Parent and Merger
Sub does not, and the performance of this Agreement by Parent and Merger Sub
will not, require any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or
filing with or notification to, any governmental or regulatory authority,
domestic or foreign, except (i) for applicable requirements, if any, of the
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Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Blue Sky Laws, any foreign antitrust or
similar filings and the filing and recordation of appropriate merger or other
documents as required by the CCC, and (ii) where the failure to obtain such
consents, approvals, authorizations or permits, or to make such filings or
notifications, would not prevent or delay consummation of the Merger, or
otherwise prevent Parent or Merger Sub from performing their respective
obligations under this Agreement, and would not have a Material Adverse
Effect.
SECTION 4.6 SEC Filings; Financial Statements.
(a) Parent has filed all forms, reports and documents required to be
filed with the SEC, including (i) its Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the
fiscal years ended December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995, (ii) its
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1997, (iii) all
proxy statements relating to Parent's meetings of stockholders (whether
annual or special) since January 1, 1997, (iv) all other reports or
registration statements (other than Reports on Form 10-Q) filed by Parent
with the SEC since January 1, 1997, (v) all amendments and supplements to all
such reports and registration statements filed by Parent with the SEC and
(vi) a draft of the Parents Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended June 30, 1997 (collectively, the "Parent SEC Reports"). The Parent SEC
Reports (i) were prepared in all material respects in accordance with the
requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as the case may be,
and (ii) did not at the time they were filed (or in the case of June 30, 1997
10-Q, when filed) (or if amended or superseded by a filing prior to the date
of this Agreement, then on the date of such filing) contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None
of Parent's subsidiaries is required to file any forms, reports or other
documents with the SEC.
(b) Each of the consolidated financial statements (including, in each
case, any related notes thereto) contained in the Parent SEC Reports has been
prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied
on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved (except as may be
indicated in the notes thereto) and each fairly presents in all material
respects the consolidated financial position of Parent and its subsidiaries
as at the respective dates thereof and the consolidated results of its
operations and cash flows for the periods indicated, except that the
unaudited interim financial statements were or are subject to normal and
recurring year-end adjustments which were not or are not expected to be
material in amount.
SECTION 4.7 Ownership of Merger Sub; No Prior Activities. As of the
date hereof and the Effective Time, except for obligations or liabilities
incurred in connection with its incorporation or organization and the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement and except for this Agreement and
any other agreements or arrangements contemplated by this Agreement, Merger
Sub has not and will not have incurred, directly or indirectly, through any
subsidiary or affiliate, any obligations or liabilities or engaged in any
business activities of any type or kind whatsoever or entered into any
agreements or arrangements with any person.
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ARTICLE V
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS PENDING THE MERGER
SECTION 5.1 Conduct of Business by the Company Pending the Merger. The
Company covenants and agrees that, during the period from the date of this
Agreement and continuing until the earlier of the termination of this
Agreement or the Effective Time, unless Parent, shall otherwise agree in
writing, the Company shall conduct its business only in, and the Company
shall not take any action except in, the ordinary course of business and in a
manner consistent with past practice other than actions taken by the Company
in contemplation of the Merger; and the Company shall use all reasonable
commercial efforts to preserve substantially intact the business organization
of the Company, to keep available the services of the present officers,
employees and consultants of the Company and to preserve the present
relationships of the Company with customers, suppliers and other persons with
which the Company or any of its subsidiaries has significant business
relations. By way of amplification and not limitation, except as
contemplated by this Agreement, the Company shall not, during the period from
the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier of the
termination of this Agreement or the Effective Time, directly or indirectly
do, or propose to do, any of the following without the prior written consent
of Parent:
(a) amend or otherwise change the Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws
of the Company;
(b) issue, sell, pledge, dispose of or encumber, or authorize the
issuance, sale, pledge, disposition or encumbrance of, any shares of capital
stock of any class, or any options, warrants, convertible securities or other
rights of any kind to acquire any shares of capital stock, or any other
ownership interest (including, without limitation, any phantom interest) in
the Company, or its affiliates (except for the issuance of shares of Company
Common Stock issuable pursuant to Stock Options which were granted under the
Company Stock Option Plan and are outstanding on the date hereof).
(c) sell, pledge, dispose of or encumber any assets of the Company
(except for (i) sales of assets in the ordinary course of business and in a
manner consistent with past practice, (ii) dispositions of obsolete or
worthless assets, and (iii) sales of immaterial assets not in excess of
$10,000 in the aggregate);
(d) (i) declare, set aside, make or pay any dividend or other
distribution (whether in cash, stock or property or any combination thereof)
in respect of any of its capital stock, (ii) split, combine or reclassify any
of its capital stock or issue or authorize or propose the issuance of any
other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for shares of
its capital stock (except for the issuance of shares of Company Common Stock
issuable pursuant to Stock Options which were granted under the Company Stock
Option Plan and are outstanding on the date hereof) or (iii) amend the terms
or change the period of exercisability of, purchase, repurchase, redeem or
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otherwise acquire, any of its securities, including, without limitation,
shares of Company Stock or any option, warrant or right, directly or
indirectly, to acquire shares of the Company's capital stock or propose to do
any of the foregoing;
(e) (i) acquire (by merger, consolidation, or acquisition of stock or
assets) any corporation, partnership or other business organization or
division thereof; (ii) incur any indebtedness for borrowed money calling for
aggregate payments in excess of $10,000 or issue any debt securities or
assume, guarantee or endorse or otherwise as an accommodation become
responsible for, the obligations of any person or, except in the ordinary
course of business consistent with past practice, make any loans or advances;
(iii) enter into or amend any material contract or agreement; (iv) authorize
any capital expenditures or purchase of fixed assets which are, in the
aggregate, in excess of $10,000 for the Company and its subsidiaries taken as
a whole; or (v) enter into or amend any contract, agreement, commitment or
arrangement to effect any of the matters prohibited by this Section 5.1(e);
(f) increase the compensation payable or to become payable to its
officers or employees, or grant any severance or termination pay to, or enter
into any employment or severance agreement with any director, officer or
other employee of the Company, or establish, adopt, enter into or amend any
collective bargaining, bonus, profit sharing, thrift, compensation, stock
option, restricted stock, pension, retirement, deferred compensation,
employment, termination, severance or other plan, agreement, trust, fund,
policy or arrangement for the benefit of any current or former directors,
officers or employees, except, in each case, as may be required by law
provided the Company may increase wages in the ordinary course of business
consistent with the Company's past practice but not more than 5% for any
individual employee;
(g) take any action to change accounting policies or procedures
(including, without limitation, procedures with respect to revenue
recognition, payments of accounts payable and collection of accounts
receivable);
(h) make any material tax election inconsistent with past practice or
settle or compromise any material federal, state, local or foreign tax
liability or agree to an extension of a statute of limitations;
(i) pay, discharge or satisfy any claims, liabilities or obligations
(absolute, accrued, asserted or unasserted, contingent or otherwise), other
than the payment, discharge or satisfaction in the ordinary course of
business and consistent with past practice of liabilities reflected or
reserved against in the Financial Statements or incurred in the ordinary
course of business and consistent with past practice; or
(j) take, or agree in writing or otherwise to take, any of the actions
described in Sections 5.1 (a) through (i) above, or any action which would
make any of the representations or warranties of the Company contained in
this Agreement untrue or incorrect or prevent the Company from performing or
cause the Company not to perform its covenants hereunder.
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SECTION 5.2 No Solicitation.
(a) The Company shall not, directly or indirectly, through any officer,
director, employee, stockholder, representative or agent of the Company, (i)
solicit, initiate or encourage the initiation of any inquiries or proposals
regarding any merger, sale of substantial assets, sale of any shares of
capital stock (including without limitation by way of a tender offer or stock
sale), license to any of the Company Intellectual Property Rights or similar
transactions involving the Company other than the Merger (any of the
foregoing inquiries or proposals being referred to herein as an "Acquisition
Proposal"), (ii) engage in negotiations or discussions concerning, or provide
any nonpublic information to any person relating to, any Acquisition Proposal
or (iii) agree to, approve or recommend any Acquisition Proposal.
(b) The Company shall immediately notify Parent after receipt of any
Acquisition Proposal, or any modification of or amendment to any Acquisition
Proposal, or any request for nonpublic information relating to the Company in
connection with an Acquisition Proposal or for access to the properties,
books or records of the Company by any person or entity that informs the
Board of Directors of the Company that it is considering making, or has made,
an Acquisition Proposal. Such notice to Parent shall be made orally and in
writing.
(c) The Company shall immediately cease and cause to be terminated any
existing discussions or negotiations with any persons (other than Parent and
Merger Sub) conducted heretofore with respect to any Acquisition Proposal or
any request for nonpublic information relating to the Company. The Company
agrees not to release any third party from the confidentiality provisions of
any confidentiality agreement to which the Company is a party.
(d) The Company shall ensure that the officers, directors and employees
of the Company and any investment banker or other advisor or representative
retained by the Company are aware of the restrictions described in this
Section 5.2.
ARTICLE VI
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
SECTION 6.1 Stockholder Meeting. As promptly as practicable after the
execution of this Agreement, and in any event within 20 days thereafter, the
Company shall call and hold a special meeting of its stockholders in
accordance with applicable laws for the purpose of obtaining the approval of
the Merger, this Agreement, the Merger Agreement, and the transactions
contemplated hereby (the "Stockholder Meeting"). Except as otherwise agreed
by Parent, the Company shall not solicit proxies from any of its stockholders
in connection with the Stockholder Meeting.
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SECTION 6.2 Access to Information; Confidentiality. Upon reasonable
notice and subject to restrictions contained in confidentiality agreements to
which such party is subject (from which such party shall use reasonable
efforts to be released), the Company and Parent shall each (and shall cause
each of their subsidiaries to) afford to the officers, employees,
accountants, counsel and other representatives of the other, reasonable
access, during the period to the Effective Time, to all its properties,
books, contracts, commitments and records and, during such period, the
Company and Parent each shall (and shall cause each of their subsidiaries to)
furnish promptly to the other all information concerning its business,
properties and personnel as such other party may reasonably request, and each
shall make available to the other the appropriate individuals (including
attorneys, accountants and other professionals) for discussion of the other's
business, properties and personnel as either Parent or the Company may
reasonably request. Each party shall keep such information confidential in
accordance with the terms of the confidentiality letter (the "Confidentiality
Letter") dated as of April 18, 1997 between Parent and the Company.
SECTION 6.3 Consents; Approvals. The Company and Parent shall each use
their reasonable best efforts to obtain all consents, waivers, approvals,
authorizations or orders (including, without limitation, all United States
and foreign governmental and regulatory rulings and approvals), and the
Company and Parent shall make all filings (including, without limitation, all
filings with United States and foreign governmental or regulatory agencies)
required in connection with the authorization, execution and delivery of this
Agreement by the Company and Parent and the consummation by them of the
transactions contemplated hereby, in each case as promptly as practicable.
SECTION 6.4 Notification of Certain Matters. The Company shall give
prompt notice to Parent, and Parent shall give prompt notice to the Company,
of (i) the occurrence or nonoccurrence of any event the occurrence or
nonoccurrence of which would be likely to cause any representation or
warranty contained in this Agreement to become materially untrue or
inaccurate, or (ii) any failure of the Company, Parent or Merger Sub, as the
case may be, materially to comply with or satisfy any covenant, condition or
agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it hereunder; provided,
however, that the delivery of any notice pursuant to this Section shall not
limit or otherwise affect the remedies available hereunder to the party
receiving such notice; and provided further that failure to give such notice
shall not be treated as a breach of covenant for the purposes of Sections
7.2(a) or 7.3(a) unless the failure to give such notice results in material
prejudice to the other party.
SECTION 6.5 Further Action/Tax Treatment. Upon the terms and subject
to the conditions hereof each of the parties hereto shall use all reasonable
efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do, or cause to be
done, all other things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make
effective as promptly as practicable the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement, to obtain in a timely manner all necessary waivers, consents and
approvals and to effect all necessary registrations and filings, and
otherwise to satisfy or cause to be satisfied all conditions precedent to its
obligations under this Agreement. The foregoing covenant shall not
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include any obligation by Parent to agree to divest, abandon, license or take
similar action with respect to any assets (tangible or intangible) of Parent
or the Company. Each of Parent, Merger Sub and the Company shall use its
best efforts to cause the Merger to qualify, and will not (both before and
after consummation of the Merger) take any actions which to its knowledge
could reasonably be expected to prevent the Merger from qualifying, as a
reorganization under the provisions of Section 368 of the Code.
SECTION 6.6 Public Announcements. Parent and the Company shall consult
with each other before issuing any press release with respect to the Merger
or this Agreement and shall not issue any such press release or make any such
public statement without the prior consent of the other party, which shall
not be unreasonably withheld; provided, however, that Parent may, without the
prior consent of the Company (after reasonable efforts to give notice to the
Company), issue such press release or make such public statement as may upon
the advice of counsel be required by law or the rules and regulations of the
NASDAQ Stock Market.
SECTION 6.7 Conveyance Taxes. Parent and the Company shall cooperate
in the preparation, execution and filing of all returns, questionnaires,
applications, or other documents regarding any real property transfer or
gains, sales, use, transfer, value added, stock transfer and stamp taxes, any
transfer, recording, registration and other fees, and any similar taxes which
become payable in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby that
are required or permitted to be filed at or before the Effective Time.
ARTICLE VII
CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER
SECTION 7.1 Conditions to Obligation of Each Party to Effect the
Merger. The respective obligations of each party to effect the Merger shall
be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Effective Time of the
following conditions:
(a) Requisite Approvals. This Agreement, the Merger Agreement and the
Merger shall have received the Requisite Approvals.
(b) No Injunctions or Restraints; Illegality. No temporary restraining
order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order issued by any court
of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing
the consummation of the Merger shall be in effect, nor shall any proceeding
brought by any administrative agency or commission or other governmental
authority or instrumentality, domestic or foreign, seeking any of the
foregoing be pending; and there shall not be any action taken, or any
statute, rule, regulation or order enacted, entered, enforced or deemed
applicable to the Merger, which makes the consummation of the Merger illegal;
and
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(c) Governmental Actions. There shall not have been instituted,
pending or threatened any action or proceeding (or any investigation or other
inquiry that might result in such an action or proceeding) by any
governmental authority or administrative agency before any governmental
authority, administrative agency or court of competent jurisdiction, nor
shall there be in effect any judgment, decree or order of any governmental
authority, administrative agency or court of competent jurisdiction, in
either case, seeking to prohibit or limit Parent from exercising all material
rights and privileges pertaining to its ownership of the Surviving
Corporation or the ownership or operation by Parent or any of its
subsidiaries of all or a material portion of the business or assets of Parent
or any of its subsidiaries, or seeking to compel Parent or any of its
subsidiaries to dispose of or hold separate all or any material portion of
the business or assets of Parent or any of its subsidiaries (including the
Surviving Corporation and its subsidiaries), as a result of the Merger or the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(d) Merger Agreement; Officers' Certificates. The Merger Agreement
shall have been executed and delivered by the parties thereto. The Officers'
Certificates contemplated under Section 1103 of the CCC shall have been
executed and delivered by the requisite officers of the constituent
corporations to the Merger.
SECTION 7.2 Additional Conditions to Obligations of Parent and Merger
Sub. The obligations of Parent and Merger Sub to effect the Merger are also
subject to the following conditions:
(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties
of the Company contained in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all
respects at and as of the Effective Time with the same force and effect as if
made at and as of such time, except where the failure of such representations
and warranties to be true and correct would not be reasonably expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company, and Parent shall have received
a certificate to such effect signed by the President of the Company;
(b) Agreements and Covenants. The Company shall have performed or
complied with all agreements and covenants required by this Agreement to be
performed or complied with by it at or prior to the Effective Time and Parent
and Merger Sub shall have received a certificate to such effect signed on
behalf of the Company by the President of the Company;
(c) Consents Obtained. All consents, waivers, approvals,
authorizations or orders required to be obtained, and all filings required to
be made, by the Company for the due authorization, execution and delivery of
this Agreement and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated
hereby shall have been obtained and made by the Company;
(d) Opinion of Counsel to the Company. Parent shall have received an
opinion of Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati, counsel to the Company in form
and substance as set forth on Exhibit 7.2(d) attached hereto;
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(e) Tax Opinion. Parent shall have received an opinion of Ropes &
Gray, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Parent, to the effect
that the Merger will constitute a reorganization within the meaning of
Section 368 of the Code. In rendering such opinion, counsel may rely upon
such reasonable representations and certificates of Parent, Merger Sub, the
Company and certain shareholders of the Company as the parties may agree, and
the parties to this Agreement agree to make, and to use reasonable efforts to
cause such shareholders of the Company to make, such representations and
deliver such certificates;
(f) Registration Rights. All existing registration rights, preemptive
rights and rights of first refusal with respect to the purchase of the
capital stock of the Company of holders of Company securities shall have been
terminated and Parent and Merger Sub shall have received a certificate to
such effect signed on behalf of the Company by the President and the Chief
Financial Officer of the Company;
(g) Consulting Agreements. Each of the Principal Stockholders other
than Richard Rose shall have entered into consulting agreements with Parent
in a the form reasonably satisfactory to Parent (the "Consulting Agreements")
and such agreements shall be in full force and effect as of the Effective
Time;
(h) Rose Employment Agreement. Richard Rose shall have entered into an
employment agreement with Parent in a from reasonably satisfactory to Parent
(the "Employment Agreement").
(i) Escrow Agreement. Each of the Principal Stockholders shall have
executed and delivered a counterpart to the Escrow Agreement which agreement
shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit 7.2(i) (the "Escrow
Agreement");
(j) Research Plan Agreement. Each of the Principal Stockholders (other
than Richard Rose) shall have executed a counterpart to the Research Plan
Agreement which Agreement shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit
7.2(j) (the "Research Plan Agreement");
(k) Stockholder Consent. In addition to obtaining the Requisite
Approvals, stockholders of the Company holding not less than 85% of the
Company Common Stock that will be outstanding immediately prior the Effective
Time and 85% of the Class B Common Stock outstanding shall have (a) either
(i) voted for and approved each of this Agreement, the Merger Agreement and
the Merger or (ii) approved each of this Agreement, the Merger Agreement and
the Merger by written consent and (b) executed and delivered an Investment
Letter in the form of Exhibit 7.2(k).
(l) License Agreements. Each of the license agreements listed on
Section 2.17(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule and each of the sponsored
research agreements listed on Section 2.5(a) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule shall be in full force and effect and no party to any such license
or agreement shall have given any notice of its intention to terminate or
cease
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work under or not renew any such license or agreement. Each of the holders
of the Licensor Stock Options shall have consented in writing to the
assumption by Parent of such Licensor Stock Option and the issuance of shares
of Parent Common Stock in lieu of Company Common Stock under such option, all
as provided in Section 1.6(f) above.
SECTION 7.3 Additional Conditions to Obligation of the Company. The
obligation of the Company to effect the Merger is also subject to the
following conditions:
(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties
of Parent and Merger Sub contained in this Agreement shall be true and
correct in all respects on and as of the Effective Time, with the same force
and effect as if made at and as of such time, except where the failure of
such representations and warranties to be true and correct would not be
reasonably expected to have Material Adverse Effect on Parent, and the
Company shall have received a certificate to such effect signed by the Chief
Financial Officer of Parent;
(b) Agreements and Covenants. Parent and Merger Sub shall have
performed or complied in all material respects with all agreements and
covenants required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by them
on or prior to the Effective, and the Company shall have received a
certificate to such effect signed by the Chairman and the Chief Financial
Officer of Parent;
(c) Consents Obtained. All material consents, waivers, approvals,
authorizations or orders required to be obtained, and all filings required to
be made, by Parent and Merger Sub for the authorization, execution and
delivery of this Agreement and the consummation by them of the transactions
contemplated hereby shall have been obtained and made by Parent and Merger
Sub;
(d) Tax Opinions. The Company shall have received a written opinion of
Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati, in form and substance reasonably
satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that the Merger will constitute a
reorganization within the meaning of Section 368 of the Code. In rendering
such opinion, counsel may rely upon such reasonable representations and
certificates of Parent, Merger Sub, the Company and certain shareholders of
the Company as the parties may agree, and the parties to this Agreement agree
to make, and to use reasonable efforts to cause such shareholders of the
Company to make, such representations and deliver such certificates;
(e) Opinion of Counsel to Parent. The Company shall have received an
opinion of Ropes & Gray, counsel to Parent, in form and substance as set
forth on Exhibit 7.3(e) attached hereto;
(f) Rose Employment Agreement. Parent and Richard Rose shall have
entered into an employment agreement in a form reasonably acceptable to the
Company; and
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(g) Consulting Agreements. Parent shall have executed and delivered
counterparts to Consulting Agreements for each of the Principal Stockholders
other than Richard Rose and such Consulting Agreements shall be in a form
reasonably satisfactory to the Company.
(h) Research Plan Agreement. Parent shall have executed and delivered
a counterpart to the Research Plan Agreement.
(i) Legal Expenses. The legal expenses due to Wilson, Sonsini,
Goodrich & Rosati: ("W,S,G&R") set forth in Section 2.7(c) of the Company
Disclosure Schedule and the fees and expenses of W,S,G&R for services
rendered to the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement shall have been paid.
ARTICLE VIII
TERMINATION
SECTION 8.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time
prior to the Effective Time, notwithstanding approval thereof by the
Stockholders of the Company:
(a) by mutual written consent duly authorized by the Boards of
Directors of Parent and the Company; or
(b) by either Parent or the Company if the Merger shall not have been
consummated by October 31, 1997 (provided that the right to terminate this
Agreement under this Section 8.1(b) shall not be available to any party whose
failure to fulfill any obligation under this Agreement has been the cause of
or resulted in the failure of the Merger to occur on or before such date); or
(c) by either Parent or the Company if a court of competent
jurisdiction or governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or
commission shall have issued a nonappealable final order, decree or ruling or
taken any other action having the effect of permanently restraining,
enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the Merger (provided that the right to
terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.1(c) shall not be available to
any party who has not complied with its obligations under Section 6.6 and
such noncompliance materially contributed to the issuance of any such order,
decree or ruling or the taking of such action); or
(d) by Parent, (i) if any representation or warranty of the Company set
forth in this Agreement shall be untrue when made in any material respect, or
(ii) upon a breach of any covenant or agreement on the part of the Company
set forth in this Agreement, such that the conditions set forth in Section
7.2(a) or 7.2(b) would not be satisfied (each a "Terminating Breach"),
provided, that, if such Terminating Breach is curable prior to October 31,
1997 by the Company through the exercise of its reasonable best efforts and
for so long as the Company
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continues to exercise such reasonable best efforts, Parent may not terminate
this Agreement under this Section 8.1(d); or
(e) by the Company, (i) if any representation or warranty of Parent set
forth in this Agreement shall be untrue when made, or (ii) upon a breach of
any covenant or agreement on the part of Parent set forth in this Agreement,
such that the conditions set forth in Section 7.3(a) or 7.3(b) would not be
satisfied (each a "Company Terminating Breach"), provided that, if such
Company Terminating Breach is curable prior to October 31, 1997 by Parent
through the exercise of its reasonable best efforts and for so long as Parent
continues to exercise such reasonable best efforts, the Company may not
terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.1(e); or
(f) by Parent, if any representation or warranty of the Company shall
have become untrue such that the condition set forth in Section 7.2(a) would
not be satisfied, or by the Company, if any representation or warranty of
Parent shall have become untrue such that the condition set forth in Section
7.3(a) would not be satisfied, in either case other than by reason of a
Terminating Breach; or
(g) by Parent in the event an action is threatened or commenced for
which Parent is obligated to indemnify the directors and officers of the
Company pursuant to Section 9.1(e).
SECTION 8.2 Effect of Termination. In the event of the termination of
this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1, this Agreement shall forthwith become
void and there shall be no liability on the part of any party hereto or any
of its affiliates, directors, officers or stockholders except (i) for the
confidentiality provisions of Section 6.2, Sections 6.6, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.5,
9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.12, 9.13 and 9.14 which shall survive any termination
of this Agreement, and (ii) nothing herein shall relieve any party from
liability for any breach hereof.
SECTION 8.3 Fees and Expenses.
Except as set forth in this Section 8.3, all fees and expenses incurred
in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby
shall be paid by the party incurring such expenses, whether or not the Merger
is consummated; provided, however, that in the event the Merger is
consummated, the stockholders of the Company shall pay all legal, accounting,
financial advisory, investment banking and other fees incurred by the Company
or any Subsidiary (or for which the Company or any Subsidiary may be or
become liable) in connection with this Agreement and the consummation of the
Merger in excess of $75,000 (the "Excess Company Expenses"). At the Closing,
the Company shall provide to Parent a good faith estimate of the total
Company Expenses and such amount shall be used in calculating the Exchange
Ratio pursuant to Section 1.1(e). If, following the Effective Time, it is
determined that there are additional unpaid Excess Company Expenses, the
Stockholders Representative shall permit Parent to receive Escrow Shares
having a value as calculated in accordance with the Escrow Agreement in
payment of such expenses.
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ARTICLE IX
GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 9.1 Indemnification.
(a) Charters and By-Laws. The Surviving Corporation agrees that all
rights to indemnification or exculpation now existing in favor of the
employees, agents, directors or officers of the Company (the "Company
Indemnified Parties") as provided in its charter or By-Laws shall continue in
full force and effect for a period of not less than three years from the
Closing Date; provided, however, that, in the event any claim or claims are
asserted or made within such three-year period, all rights to indemnification
in respect of any such claim or claims shall continue until disposition of
any and all such claims. Any determination required to be made with respect
to whether a Company Indemnified Party's conduct complies with the standards
set forth in the charter or By-Laws of the Company or otherwise shall be made
by independent counsel selected by the Company Indemnified Party reasonably
satisfactory to the Surviving Corporation (whose fees and expenses shall be
paid by the Surviving Corporation).
(b) Survival of Representations and Warranties.
(i) The representations and warranties of the Company and Parent made
in this Agreement, shall survive the Merger for a period of eighteen months
from the Closing Date and shall remain operative and in full force and
effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any other
party hereto, any person controlling any such party or any of their
officers or directors, whether prior to or after the execution of this
Agreement.
(ii) No claim for indemnification under this Section 9.1 for breach
of a representation or warranty may be commenced after the date that is
eighteen months following of the Closing Date, provided, however, that
claims made within the applicable time period shall survive to the extent
of such claim until such claim is finally determined and, if applicable,
paid.
(c) Indemnification of the Parent and Merger Sub. By their approval of
this Agreement and their acceptance of the Merger Consideration, each of the
Principal Stockholders (each in his capacity as an indemnifying party, an
"Indemnifying Party") agrees to indemnify, defend, protect, and hold harmless
each of Parent, Merger Sub, the Surviving Corporation and each of their
respective subsidiaries and affiliates (each in its capacity as an
indemnified party, an "Parent Indemnitee") at all times from and after the
date of this Agreement from and against all claims, damages, actions, suits,
proceedings, demands,
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assessments, adjustments, costs and expenses (including specifically, but
without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses of investigation)
(collectively "Damages") incurred by such Parent Indemnitee as a result of or
incident to (i) any breach of any representation or warranty of the Company
set forth herein with respect to which a claim for indemnification is brought
by a Parent Indemnitee within the applicable survival period described in
Section 9.1(b) or (ii) any breach or nonfulfillment by the Company, or any
noncompliance by the Company with, any covenant, agreement, or obligation
contained herein except to the extent waived by Parent.
(d) Indemnification of the Stockholders of the Company. Parent (in its
capacity as an indemnifying party, an "Indemnifying Party") agrees to
indemnify, defend, protect, and hold harmless each of the stockholders of the
Company (each in his or her or its capacity as an indemnified party, a
"Company Indemnitee") at all times from and after the date of this Agreement
from and against all Damages incurred by such Company Indemnitee as a result
of or incident to (i) any breach of any representation or warranty of the
Parent or Merger Sub set forth herein with respect to which a claim for
indemnification is brought by a Company Indemnitee within the applicable
survival period described in Section 9.1(b), (ii) any breach or
nonfulfillment by Parent or Merger Sub, or any noncompliance by Parent or
Merger Sub with, any covenant, agreement, or obligation contained herein
except to the extent waived by the Company.
(e) Indemnification of Directors and Officers of the Company. Parent
(in its capacity as an indemnifying party, an "Indemnifying Party") agrees to
indemnify, defend, protect and hold harmless each of the officers and
directors of the Company (in his or her capacity as an indemnified party a,
"Company Indemnitee"; the term "Indemnitee" shall refer to both Company
Indemnitees and Parent Indemnitees) from and against all Damages incurred by
such Company Indemnitee as a result of or incident to (i) any claim or action
brought by a stockholder or stockholders of Parent to which an officer or
director of the Company is made a party as a result of such stockholder's
service as a director or officer of the Company or as a result of such
person's ownership of shares of the capital stock of the Company or (ii) any
claim or action brought by a stockholder of the Company in connection with
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement alleging a breach of the
duties of the officers and directors of the Company to the stockholders of
the Company.
(f) Third Person Claims. Promptly after an Indemnitee has received
notice of or has knowledge of any claim by a person not a party to this
Agreement ("Third Person") or the commencement of any action or proceeding by
a Third Person, the Indemnitee shall, give the Indemnifying Party written
notice of such claim or the commencement of such action or proceeding;
provided, however, that the failure to give such notice will not effect the
Indemnities' right to indemnification hereunder with respect to such claim,
action or proceeding, except to the extent that the Indemnifying Parties have
been actually prejudiced as a result of such failure. If an Indemnifying
Party notifies the Indemnitee within 30 days from the receipt of the
foregoing notice that he or it wishes to defend against the claim by the
Third
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Person then the Indemnifying Parties shall have the right to assume and
control the defense of the claim by appropriate proceedings with counsel
reasonably acceptable to Indemnitee. The Indemnitee may participate in the
defense, at its sole expense of any such claim for which the Indemnifying
Parties shall have assumed the defense pursuant to the preceding sentence,
provided that counsel for the Indemnifying Parties shall act as lead counsel
in all matters pertaining to the defense or settlement of such claims, suit
or proceedings; provided, however, that Indemnitee shall control the defense
of any claim or proceeding that in Indemnitee's reasonable judgment could
have a material and adverse effect on Indemnitee's business apart from the
payment of money damages. The Indemnitee shall be entitled to
indemnification for the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel for any
period during which the Indemnifying Parties have not assumed the defense of
any claim. Any such fees and expenses shall be paid promptly by the
Indemnifying Party following receipt of an invoice for such fees and
expenses. Whether or not the Indemnifying Parties shall have assumed the
defense of any claim, neither the Indemnitee nor any Indemnifying Party shall
make any settlement with respect to any such claim, suit or proceeding
without the prior consent of the other, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld or delayed. It is understood and agreed that in
situations where failure to settle a claim expeditiously could have an
adverse effect on the party wishing to settle, the failure of the party
controlling the defense to act upon a request for consent to such settlement
within five business days of receipt of notice thereof shall be deemed to
constitute consent to such settlement for purposes of this Section 9.1. If
the Indemnifying Party desires to accept a final and complete settlement of
any such Third Person claim and the Indemnitee refuses to consent to such
settlement, then the Indemnifying Party's liability under this Article IX
with respect to such Third Person claim shall be limited to the amount so
offered in settlement by said Third Person and the Indemnitee shall reimburse
the Indemnifying Party for any additional costs of defense which it
subsequently incurs with respect to such claim. For purposes of this Article
IX, notice by a Parent Indemnitee to the Stockholders Representative shall be
deemed to be notice to the Principal Stockholders in their capacity as
Indemnifying Parties hereunder and decisions by the Stockholders
Representative shall be binding upon each of the Principal Stockholders.
(g) Method of Payment. All claims for indemnification by Parent,
Merger Sub or the Surviving Corporation or another Parent Indemnitee shall be
paid solely from the Escrow Account. To the extent that Parent, Merger Sub,
or, the Surviving Corporation or another Indemnitee makes a claim against the
Escrow Account pursuant to the Escrow Agreement, and such claim is paid in
shares of Parent Common Stock, then for purposes of such payment, the shares
of Parent Common Stock shall be valued at the average of the daily closing
sales prices of a share of Parent Common Stock as reported by the NASDAQ
Stock Market (as reported by the Wall Street Journal or, if not reported
thereby, as reported by another authoritative source as mutually agreed by
Parent and the Company) for the five (5) consecutive trading days ending on
and including the date of the effective time. In no event shall any
Principal Stockholder be obligated to indemnity a Parent Indemnitee other
than from the Escrow Account. All claims for indemnification by a Company
Indemnitee shall be paid in cash.
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(h) Limitations. (i) Except as provided below, the Principal
Stockholders shall not be required to indemnify any Parent Indemnitee until
Damages suffered by such Parent Indemnitee, together with Damages suffered
with respect to all other claims for indemnification by Parent Indemnitees
pursuant to this Agreement, exceeds $1,000,000 and then the Parent Indemnitee
shall be entitled to recover from the Principal Stockholders all Damages
incurred by such Parent Indemnitee (including the first $1,000,000 of
Damages). The foregoing sentence shall not in any way limit Parent's right
to recover amounts in respect of the Excess Company Expenses from the Escrow
Account. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in connection with Damages resulting
from or incident to any breach of the representation and warranty of the
Company set forth in Section 2.3 or Section 2.7(c), the Parent Indemnitees
shall be entitled to be indemnified in full to the extent such Damages exceed
an aggregate of $250,000. The liability of the Principal Stockholders to
provide indemnification for Damages hereunder shall be limited to the Escrow
Shares.
(ii) With respect to claims by Company Indemnitees pursuant to Section
9.1(d), Parent shall not be required to indemnify any Company Indemnitee
until the Damages suffered by such Company Indemnitees, together with Damages
suffered with respect to all other claims for indemnification by Company
Indemnitees pursuant to Section 9.1(d), exceed $1,000,000 and then the
Company Indemnitees shall be entitled to recover from Parent all Damages
incurred by such Company Indemnitee (including the first $1,000,000 of
Damage).
(iii) All Damages paid to an Indemnitee shall be paid net of any
insurance recovery and tax benefit such Indemnitee actually receives as a
result of the claim or incident giving rise to such Damages.
(i) Exclusive Remedy; No Circular Recovery. The rights of Indemnitees
under this Article IX shall be the exclusive remedy of the Indemnitees with
respect to any claim for which such Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification
hereunder. Each Principal Stockholder hereby agrees that he will not make
any claim for indemnification against either Parent or Merger Sub by reason
of the fact that he was a director, officer, employee, consultant, agent or
other representative of the Company (whether such claim is for Damages of any
kind or otherwise and whether such claim is pursuant to any statute, charter,
by-law, contractual obligation or otherwise) with respect to any claim for
indemnification brought by a Parent Indemnitee against the Principal
Stockholders.
SECTION 9.2 Notices. All notices and other communications given or
made pursuant hereto shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been
duly given or made if and when delivered personally or by overnight courier
to the parties at the following addresses or sent by electronic transmission,
with confirmation received, to the telecopy numbers specified below (or at
such other address or telecopy number for a party as shall be specified by
like notice):
(a) If to Parent or Merger Sub:
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CytoTherapeutics, Inc.
Two Richard Square
Providence, Rhode Island 02906
Telecopier No.: (401) 272-3310
Telephone No.: (401) 272-3485
Attention: General Counsel
With a copy to:
Geoffrey B. Davis, Esq.
Ropes & Gray
30 Kennedy Plaza
Providence, Rhode Island 02903
Telecopier No.: (401) 455-4400
Telephone No.: (401) 455-4401
(b) If to the Company or Principal Stockholder:
c/o Alan Austin, Esq.
Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati
650 Page Mill Road
Palo Alto, CA 94303-1050
Telecopier No.: (415) 496-4084
Telephone No.: (415) 493-9300
With a copy to:
Alan K. Austin, Esq.
Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati
650 Page Mill Road
Palo Alto, CA 94303-1050
Telecopier No.: (415) 496-4084
Telephone No.: (415) 493-9300
(c) If to the Principal Stockholders, to the address for such Principal
Stockholder set forth in the records of Parent.
SECTION 9.3 Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the
term:
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(a) "affiliates" means a person that directly or indirectly, through
one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common
control with, the first mentioned person; including, without limitation, any
partnership or joint venture in which the first mentioned person (either
alone, or through or together with any other subsidiary) has, directly or
indirectly, an interest of 5% or more;
(b) "beneficial owner" with respect to any shares of Company Common
Stock means a person who shall be deemed to be the beneficial owner of such
shares (i) which such person or any of its affiliates or associates (as such
term is defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) beneficially owns,
directly or indirectly, (ii) which such person or any of its affiliates or
associates has, directly or indirectly, (A) the right to acquire (whether
such right is exercisable immediately or subject only to the passage of
time), pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding or upon the
exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights, warrants or options, or
otherwise, or (B) the right to vote pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or
understanding, or (iii) which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly,
by any other persons with whom such person or any of its affiliates or
associates has any agreement, arrangement or understanding for the purpose of
acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of any shares;
(c) "business day" means any day other than a Saturday or Sunday or any
day on which banks in the State of Rhode Island are required or authorized to
be closed;
(d) "control" (including the terms "controlled by" and "under common
control with") means the possession, directly or indirectly or as trustee or
executor, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or
policies of a person, whether through the ownership of stock, as trustee or
executor, by contract or credit arrangement or otherwise;
(e) "person" means an individual, corporation, partnership,
association, trust, unincorporated organization, other entity or group (as
defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act); and
(f) "subsidiary" or "subsidiaries" of the Company, Parent or any other
person means any corporation, partnership, joint venture or other legal
entity of which the Company, the Surviving Corporation, Parent or such other
person, as the case may be (either alone or through or together with any
other subsidiary), owns, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the stock
or other equity interests the holders of which are generally entitled to vote
for the election of the board of directors or other governing body of such
corporation or other legal entity.
SECTION 9.4 Amendment. This Agreement may be amended by the parties
hereto by action taken by or on behalf of their respective Boards of
Directors at any time prior to the Effective Time; provided, however, that,
after approval of the Merger by the stockholders of the Company, no amendment
may be made which by law requires further approval by such stockholders
without such further approval. This Agreement may not be amended except by
an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto.
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SECTION 9.5 Waiver. At any time prior to the Effective Time, any party
hereto may with respect to any other party hereto (a) extend the time for the
performance of any of the obligations or other acts, (b) waive any
inaccuracies in the representations and warranties contained herein or in any
document delivered pursuant hereto, or (c) waive compliance with any of the
agreements or conditions contained herein. Any such extension or waiver
shall be valid only if set forth in an instrument in writing signed by the
party or parties to be bound thereby.
SECTION 9.6 Headings. The headings contained in this Agreement are for
reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or
interpretation of this Agreement.
SECTION 9.7 Severability. If any term or other provision of this
Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of
law, or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement
shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or
legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in
any manner adverse to any party. Upon such determination that any term or
other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the
parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as
to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an
acceptable manner to the end that the transactions contemplated hereby are
fulfilled to the fullest extent possible.
SECTION 9.8 Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire
agreement and supersedes all prior agreements and undertakings (other than
the Confidentiality Letter), both written and oral, among the parties, or any
of them, with respect to the subject matter hereof.
SECTION 9.9 Assignment; Guarantee of Merger Sub Obligations. This
Agreement shall not be assigned by operation of law or otherwise, except that
Parent and Merger Sub may assign all or any of their rights hereunder to any
affiliate thereof provided that no such assignment shall relieve the
assigning party of its obligations hereunder. Parent guarantees the full and
punctual performance by Merger Sub of all the obligations hereunder of Merger
Sub or any such assignees.
SECTION 9.10 Parties in Interest. This Agreement shall be binding upon
and inure solely to the benefit of each party hereto, and nothing in this
Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other
person any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by
reason of this Agreement, including, without limitation, by way of
subrogation, other than Section 9.1(a) (which is intended to be for the
benefit of the Indemnified Parties and may be enforced by such Indemnified
Parties).
SECTION 9.11 Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver; Remedies Cumulative. No
failure or delay on the part of any party hereto in the exercise of any right
hereunder shall impair such right or be construed to be a waiver of, or
acquiescence in, any breach of any representation, warranty or agreement
herein, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right preclude
any other
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or further exercise thereof or of any other right. All rights and remedies
existing under this Agreement are cumulative to, and not exclusive of, any
rights or remedies otherwise available.
SECTION 9.12 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and
construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of California
applicable to contracts executed and fully performed within the State of
California.
SECTION 9.13 Waiver of Jury Trial. To the extent not prohibited by
applicable law which cannot be waived, each of the parties hereto hereby
waives, and covenants that he or it will not assert (whether as plaintiff,
defendant, or otherwise), any right to trial by jury in any forum in respect
of any issue, claim, demand, cause of action, action, suit or proceeding
arising out of or based upon this Agreement or the subject matter hereof, in
each case whether now existing or hereafter arising and whether in contract
or tort or otherwise. Any of the parties hereto may file an original
counterpart or a copy of this Section 9.13 with any court as written evidence
of the consent of each of the parties hereto to the waiver of his or its
right to trial by jury.
SECTION 9.14 Counterparts; Miscellaneous. This Agreement may be
executed in one or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto in
separate counterparts, each of which when executed shall be deemed to have
been executed simultaneously and shall be deemed to be an original but all of
which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. This
Agreement is to be deemed to have been prepared jointly by the parties
hereto, and any uncertainty or ambiguity existing herein, if any, shall not
be interpreted against any party, but shall be interpreted according to the
application of the rules of interpretation for agreements that have been
negotiated at arm's-length. To the extent not prohibited by applicable law
which cannot be waived, all of the rights and remedies of the parties
hereunder shall be cumulative.
[This space intentionally left blank.]
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<PAGE>
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company have caused this
Agreement to be executed as of the date first written above by their
respective officers thereunto duly authorized.
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
By: /s/ Seth Rudnick
-----------------------------------
Name: Seth Rudnick
Title: President
CTI ACQUISITION, CORP.
By: /s/ John McBride
------------------------------------
Name: John McBride
Title:
STEMCELLS, INC.
By: /s/ Richard Rose
---------------------------------------
Name: Richard Rose
Title: President
-41-
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 10.66
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
Two Richmond Square
Providence, RI 02906
401-272-3310
September 25, 1997
Richard M. Rose, M.D.
6826 LaValle
Plateada
P.O. Box 567
Rancho Santa Fe, CA 92067
Dear Richard:
This letter will confirm our offer to you of employment with
CytoTherapeutics, Inc. (the "Company") under the terms and conditions that
follow:
1. Position and Duties. As of the Effective Date, as such term is
defined in the Agreement and Plan of Merger among the Company, CTI
Acquisition, Inc., StemCells, Inc., you and certain other individuals dated
August 13, 1997, you will be employed by the Company hereunder on a full-time
basis as its President and Chief Executive Officer. In addition, and
without further compensation, you agree to service as a member of the Board
of Directors of the Company (the "Board") and as a director or officer of one
or more of the Company's Affiliates, as defined below, if so elected or
appointed from time to time. As President and Chief Executive Officer, you
will be expected to exert your full-time best efforts to promote and protect
the business interests of the Company. Specifically, but not exclusively,
your responsibilities will be to manage the operations of the Company, to
build and maintain an outstanding and harmonious working team of both
scientific and professional employees, to secure, promote and maintain the
appropriate financing and capital structure of the Company, to manage and
direct the strategic development of the Company's business plan and its
implementation and to oversee the overall scientific affairs of the Company.
You will report directly to the Board.
2. Salary and Bonus. For all services that you perform for the Company
and its Affiliates, the Company will provide you compensation during your
employment in accordance with this Paragraph 2. Your base salary will be at
the rate of Two Hundred and Seventy-Five Thousand Dollars ($275,000) per
year. Your performance and compensation will be reviewed at least annually
by the Compensation Committee of the Board. In
<PAGE>
addition to your base salary, you will eligible, at the end of calendar year,
beginning with calendar 1998, during your employment hereunder, for a bonus of
up to twenty-five percent (25%) of your base salary, the amount of each such
bonus being determined by the Board in its discretion.
3. Stock Options.
a. Through the CytoTherapeutics, Inc. 1992 Equity Incentive Plan
(the "Incentive Plan"), and subject to the terms and conditions of such Plan,
you will be granted an option to acquire 200,000 shares of the common stock
of the Company (the "Time-Based Option") at the fair market value of such
shares on the Effective Date, as determined by the Board. Subject to your
continued employment by the Company, the Time-Based Option will vest over
forty-eight (48) months as follows: (i) one quarter of the shares will vest
on the first anniversary of the Effective Date and (ii) the remaining shares
shall vest at the rate of one forty-eighth (1/48) per month on the last day
of each month during the ensuing thirty-six months. Except as otherwise
expressly provided herein, the Time-Based Option shall be governed by the
terms of the Incentive Plan, as in effect from time to time. Any Change in
Control will result in the accelerated vesting of the option to acquire 100%
of such shares. A Change in Control shall mean any consolidation or merger
in which the Company is not the surviving corporation, a transaction or
series of related transactions that result in the acquisition of all of
substantially all of the Company's outstanding Common Stock by a single
person or entity or by a group of persons or entities acting in concert, or
the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the Company's assets.
b. In addition to the Time-Vested Option, the Company will grant you
an option to acquire 100,000 shares of the common stock of the Company (the
"Performance-Based Option") at fair market value of such shares on the
Effective Date, as determined by the Board. The Performance-Based Options
are subject to the terms of the Performance-Based Incentive Option Agreement,
a copy of which is attached hereto as Schedule A, and to your execution of
that Option Agreement.
c. In addition to the foregoing options, you shall be eligible, at
the end of any calendar year beginning with calendar year 1998, or as otherwise
determined from time to time by the Board or the Compensation Committee of the
Board, to receive additional options, the amount and terms of any such options
to be determined by the Board or such Compensation Committee in their sole
discretion.
4. Relocation and Relocation Allowance. Promptly following the
Effective Date, you will establish your principal office at the Company's
offices in Rhode Island and a temporary residence for yourself within driving
distance of such office. You will relocate permanently to the Rhode Island
area no later than July 31, 1998. The allocation of your time between the
Company's operations in Rhode Island, the Company's operations in
-2-
<PAGE>
California and travel elsewhere on Company business will, in your role as
President and CEO of the Company, be primarily determined by you; however,
you will not spend an average of more than one business day per week during
any calendar quarter in California without approval of the Board. The
Company will provide you with One Hundred and Twenty Five Thousand Dollars
($125,000) for relocation, temporary housing and related expenses, which sum
shall be payable to you $75,000 on execution and delivery of this Agreement
and $50,000 upon your permanent relocation to Rhode Island as provided above.
In addition, the Company will provide you with an interest-free bridge loan
in an amount (not to exceed $200,000) reasonably required by you in order to
purchase a house within driving distance of the Company's offices in Rhode
Island, such loan to be secured by a second mortgage on such house and to be
payable by you at the time of the sale of your residence in California. You
agree to use reasonable efforts to sell such residence.
5. Benefits. You will be entitled to participate in any and all employee
benefit plans from time to time in effect for senior management of the
Company generally, except to the extent that such plans are duplicative of
benefits otherwise provided to you under this Agreement. Such participation
shall be subject to (i) the terms of the applicable plan documents, (ii)
generally applicable policies of the Company and (iii) the discretion of the
Board and plan administrators, as provided for in or contemplated by such
plan. The Company will provide you with a leased automobile, the cost of
which will be paid by you and the Company in proportion to your business and
personal use of such automobile. Prior to your permanent relocation to
within driving distance of the Company's principal offices, the Company will
reimburse you for the cost of two round trips per month to southern
California. The Company expects that these trips will generally be made in
connection with Company business and that you will attempt, to the extent
possible, to schedule any personal trips to coincide with such business. The
Company will provide you with four weeks vacation per year. The Company
shall reimburse you for all expenses reasonably incurred by you in connection
with your performance of your duties hereunder on a basis consistent with
Company policies.
6. Confidentiality and Restricted Activities. You agree that some
restrictions on your activities during and after employment are necessary to
protect the goodwill, Confidential Information and other legitimate interests
of the Company:
a. During your employment and thereafter, except as required by
applicable law or for the proper performance of your duties and
responsibilities to the Company, you shall not use or disclose to any Person
any Confidential Information, as defined below. This restriction shall
continue to apply after your employment terminates, regardless of the reason
for such termination.
b. While you are employed by the Company and for a period of one (1)
year thereafter, you will not, directly or indirectly, engage in any activity,
whether as
-3-
<PAGE>
owner, partner, investor, consultant, employee, agent or otherwise, that is
competitive with the business of the Company or its Affiliates, provided,
however, that nothing contained in this paragraph shall prohibit you from
owning up no more than one percent (1%) of the outstanding stock of any
publicly traded company.
c. While you are employed by the Company and for a period of one (1)
year thereafter, you will not, directly or indirectly, hire or attempt to
hire any employee of the Company or its Affiliates, assist in such hiring by
any Person or otherwise solicit, induce or encourage any employee of the
Company or any of its Affiliates to terminate his or her relationship with
them.
d. You agree that you will not, during your employment with the
Company, improperly use or disclose any proprietary information or trade
secrets of any former or concurrent employer or other Person with whom you
have an agreement or duty to keep in confidence information acquired by you
in confidence, if any. You also agree that you will not bring onto Company
premises any unpublished document or proprietary information belonging to any
such employer or other Person, unless consented to in writing by such
employer or other Person.
e. All documents, records, tapes, software and other media of every
kind and description relating to the business, present or otherwise, of the
Company and its Affiliates and any copies, in whole or in part, thereof (the
"Documents"), whether or not prepared by you, shall be the sole and exclusive
property of the Company and its Affiliates. You agree to safeguard all
Documents and to surrender to the Company at the time your employment
terminates, or at such earlier time or times as the Board may specify, all
Documents and other property of the Company and its Affiliates (including
without limitation, devices and equipment) then in your possession or control.
f. You agree that the Company shall, in addition to any other
remedies available to it, be entitled to preliminary and permanent injunctive
relief against any breach by you of the covenants contained in this Paragraph
6, without having to post bond. In the event that any provision of this
Paragraph 6 shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be
unenforceable by reason of its being extended over too great a time, too
large a geographic area or too great a range of activities, it shall be
interpreted to extend only over the maximum period of time, geographic area
or range of activities as to which it may be enforceable.
g. For purposes of this Agreement:
i. A business shall be deemed to be competitive with the
Company or its Affiliates if it engages or proposes to engage in any business
activity which is both (A) utilizing or seeking to develop technology capable
of utilizing the transplantation
-4-
<PAGE>
of cells as a therapeutic agent for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of
human disease, injury or condition and (B) in any field the Company or any of
its Affiliates is then pursuing or then has in contemplation or planning.
ii. "Affiliates" means all persons and entities directly or
indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Company,
where control may be by management authority, equity interest or otherwise.
iii. "Confidential Information" means any and all information of
the Company and its Affiliates that is not generally known by others with
whom they compete or do business or with whom they plan to compete or do
business and any and all information, publicly known in whole or in part or
not, which, if disclosed by the Company or its Affiliates, would assist in
competition against them. Confidential Information includes without
limitation such information relating to (i) the development, research,
testing, production and marketing activities of the Company and its
Affiliates, (ii) the products and services of the Company and its Affiliates,
(iii) their patents, trade secrets, licenses and intellectual property,
patients and clinical trials; (iv) the costs, sources of supply, financial
performance and strategic plans of the Company and its Affiliates, (v) the
identity and special needs of the customers of the Company and its Affiliates
and (vi) the people and organizations with whom the Company and its
Affiliates have business relationships and those relationships. Confidential
Information also includes information that the Company or any of its
Affiliates has received belonging to others with any understanding, express
or implied, that it would not be disclosed. Confidential Information does
not include, however, information that has become publicly known and
generally available other than through a wrongful act by you or any other
Person owing a duty of confidentiality to the Company or any of its
Affiliates.
iv. "Person" means an individual, a corporation, an association,
a partnership, an estate, a trust and any other entity or organization, other
than the Company or any of its Affiliates.
7. Inventions.
a. You hereby represent to the Company and agree that, except as
described in Schedule B hereof, you have no inventions, original works of
authorship, developments, improvements or trade secrets that were made by you
prior to your employment with the Company and which relates to the Company's
current or proposed business, products or research and development.
b. You will promptly make full written disclosure to the Company,
hold in trust for the Company's sole right and benefit and hereby assign and
agree to assign to the Company or its designee all of your right, title and
interest in any and all Inventions.
-5-
<PAGE>
As used in this Agreement, "Inventions" means inventions, discoveries,
developments, methods, processes, compositions, works, concepts and ideas
(whether or not patentable or copyrightable or constituting trade secrets)
conceived, made, created, developed or reduced to practice by you (whether
alone or with others and whether or not during normal business hours or on or
off Company premises) during your employment that relate in any way to the
business, products or services of the Company or any of its Affiliates or to
any prospective activity of the Company or any of its Affiliates or for which
the Confidential Information or the Company's facilities have been utilized.
You further acknowledge and agree that all original works of authorship made
by you solely or jointly with others within the scope of your employment and
eligible for protection by copyright are "works made for hire," as that term
is defined in the United States Copyright Act. You agree to keep and
maintain adequate and current records of all Inventions made by you solely or
jointly with others during your employment with the Company. Such records
will be in the form of notes, sketches, drawings or any other format that may
be specified by the Company These records will be available to, and remain
the sole property of, the Company at all times. You agree to assist the
Company or its designee, at the Company's expense, in every proper way, to
secure the Company's rights in the Inventions and copyrights, including
without limitation disclosure to the Company of all pertinent information and
data with respect thereto, the execution of all applications, specifications,
oaths, assignments and all other instruments that the Company shall deem
necessary or desirable in order to apply for and obtain such rights, and in
order to assign and convey to the Company, its successors, designees and
nominees the sole and exclusive right, title and interest in and to such
Inventions, and any copyrights, patents, or other intellectual property
rights relating thereto, both during your employment by the Company and
thereafter. In the event that the Company is unable for any reason to secure
or to prosecute any patent application with respect to any of such Inventions
(including without limitation, renewals, extensions, continuations, divisions
or continuations in part thereof), you hereby irrevocably designate and
appoint the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as your
agents and attorney-in-fact to act for and in your behalf and instead of you,
to execute and file any such application and to do all other lawfully
permitted acts to further the prosecution and issuance of patents thereof
with the same legal force and effect as if executed by you. You agree that
you will assist the Company in the prosecution and enforcement of the
Company's rights to the Inventions and copyrightable materials after
termination of your employment, at the Company's expense.
8. Termination and Termination Benefits. Your employment with the
Company is "at will," which means that either you or the Company may
terminate your employment at any time, with or without cause or good reason.
a. The Company may terminate your employment other than for "cause"
at any time upon written notice to you and, in that event, (i) the Company will
continue to pay you your base salary for the longer of (A) one year following
the date of such
-6-
<PAGE>
termination or (B) two years following the date of such termination in the
case of any such termination occurring in connection with a Change in Control
or (C) until the third anniversary of the Effective Date, provided, however,
that the Company's obligation, if any, to pay such base salary on and after
the second anniversary of such termination shall be reduced, on a
dollar-for-dollar basis, by your total pre-tax compensation from any
employment (including self-employment). If subjection (C) applies, you agree
to seek such employment and accurately and promptly to report to the Company
any such compensation derived therefrom. In addition, the Time-Based Option
will become fully vested as to all unvested shares covered by such option as
of the date your employment terminates. To the maximum extent permitted by
the Company's benefit plans, all benefits provided to you hereunder shall
continue for the longer of (A) one year following the date of such
termination or (B) two years following the date of any such termination which
occurs in connection with a Change in Control. The Company shall not be
obligated to purchase any special insurance or other coverage in order to
satisfy the foregoing obligation.
b. The Company may terminate your employment upon written notice to
you in the event that you become disabled during your employment through any
illness, injury, accident or condition of either physical or psychological
nature and, as a result, you are unable to perform substantially all of your
duties and responsibilities hereunder for ninety (90) days during any three
hundred and sixty-five (365) calendar days. In that event, the Company will
continue to pay you your base salary (i) for a period of six (6) months
following such termination or (ii) until you obtain other employment or (iii)
until you become eligible for disability income under any disability income
plan provided by the Company, whichever of these events shall first occur.
c. The Company may terminate your employment hereunder for cause at
any time upon written notice to you setting forth in reasonable detail the
nature of such cause. The following, as determined by the Company in its
reasonable judgment, shall constitute "cause" for termination: (i) your
willful failure to perform your material duties and responsibilities to the
Company and its Affiliates (including, without limitation, those duties and
responsibilities described in Section 1) and; (ii) your material breach of
Paragraph 6 or Paragraph 7 of this Agreement; (iii) fraud, embezzlement or
other material dishonesty with respect to the Company or any of its
Affiliates; or (iv) your conviction of, or plea of nolo contendere to, a
felony.
d. You may terminate your employment at any time, with or without
good reason, upon written notice to the Company. If you decide to terminate
your employment without good reason, you agree to give the Company three
months' notice of termination. You may terminate your employment hereunder
with good reason at any time upon written notice to the Company. The
following shall constitute "good reason" for termination: material breach by
the Company of any provision of this Agreement, including, without
limitation, any material diminution in your authority or responsibilities
from that
-7-
<PAGE>
contemplated by Section 1 hereof, which breach continues for more than ten
(10) business days following receipt by the Company of written notice from
you setting forth in reasonable detail the nature of such breach. If you
terminate your employment with good reason, the Company will be obligated to
you under Paragraph 8.a hereof as if the Company had terminated your
employment other than for cause.
e. If you resign without good reason or your employment is terminated
by the Company for cause, the Company shall have no further obligation to you
other than for base salary earned through the date of termination. No
severance pay or other benefits of any kind will be provided.
9. Withholding. All payments and reimbursements made by the Company
under this Agreement shall be reduced by any tax or other amounts required to
be withheld by the Company under applicable law.
10. Assignment. Neither you nor the Company may make any assignment of
this Agreement or any interest herein, by operation of law or otherwise,
without the prior written consent of the other; provided, however, that the
Company may assign its rights and obligations under this Agreement without
your consent to one of its Affiliates or to any Person with whom the Company
shall hereafter affect a reorganization, consolidation or merger or to whom
the Company transfers all or substantially all of its properties or assets.
This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon you and the
Company and each of your respective successors, executors, administrators,
heirs and permitted assigns.
11. Waiver. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, no
waiver of any provision hereof shall be effective unless made in writing and
signed by the waiving party. The failure of either party to require
performance of any term or obligation of this Agreement, or the waiver by
either party of any breach of this Agreement, shall not prevent any
subsequent enforcement of such term or obligation or be deemed a waiver of
any subsequent breach.
12. Severability. If any portion or provision of this Agreement shall to
any extent be declared illegal or unenforceable by a court of competent
jurisdiction, then the remainder of this Agreement, or the application of
such portion or provision in circumstances other than those as to which it is
so declared illegal or unenforceable, shall not be affected thereby, and each
portion and provision of this Agreement shall be valid and enforceable to the
fullest extent permitted by law.
13. Notices. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any notices,
requests, demands and other communications provided for by this Agreement
shall be in writing and shall be effective when delivered in person or
deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, registered or
certified, and addressed to you at your last known
-8-
<PAGE>
address on the books of the Company or, in the case of the Company, at its main
office, attention of the Chairman of the Board.
14. Captions. The captions and headings in this Agreement are for
convenience only and in no way define or describe the scope or content of any
provision of this Agreement.
15. Entire Agreement. This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement and
understanding between you and the Company and supersedes all prior
communications, agreements and understandings, written and oral, with respect
to the terms and conditions of your employment. This Agreement may not be
amended or modified, except by an agreement in writing signed by you and the
Chairman of the Board or other specifically authorized representative of the
Company.
16. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed, construed and
enforced in accordance with the laws of Rhode Island, without regard to the
conflict of laws principles thereof.
17. No Conflicting Agreements. You hereby represent to the Company that
neither your execution and delivery of this Agreement nor your acceptance of
employment with the Company nor your performance under this Agreement will
conflict with or result in a breach of any of the terms, conditions or
provisions of any agreement to which you are a party or are bound or any order,
injunction, judgment or decrees of any court or governmental authority or any
arbitration award applicable to you.
18. Compliance with Agreement. The Company's obligations under this
Agreement and its obligation to deliver stock under the terms of the stock
options granted pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (or otherwise granted
you during the course of your employment) are conditioned on your compliance
with the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the accuracy of the
representations made to the Company by you herein.
19. Agreement Void. If the Effective Date does not occur, for any reason
whatsoever, this agreement shall be null and void and of no force or effect.
-9-
<PAGE>
If the foregoing is acceptable to you, please sign the enclosed copy of
this letter in the space provided below and return it to me, whereupon this
letter and such copy will constitute a binding agreement between you and the
Company on the basis set forth above as of the date first above written.
Sincerely yours,
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
By: /S/ SETH A. RUDNICK
---------------------------------------
Seth A. Rudnick, M.D.
Chairman
Accepted and agreed:
/S/ RICHARD M. ROSE
- -------------------------
Richard M. Rose, M.D.
Date:
------------------
<PAGE>
Schedule A
Performance-Based Incentive Option Agreement
<PAGE>
Optionee: Richard M. Rose Shares Subject to Option: 100,000
Dated: September 25, 1997
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
PERFORMANCE-BASED INCENTIVE OPTION AGREEMENT
This Agreement is made as of the date set forth above by and between
CytoTherapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company" or "CTI"), and
the Optionee specified above (the "Optionee").
WHEREAS, Optionee has entered into a Consulting or Employment Agreement
with the Company which provides for the grant of the options evidenced hereby
(the "Consulting/Employment Agreement"); and
WHEREAS, Optionee is in a position to make a significant contribution to
the long-term success of the Company, and in particular the Company's stemcell
research program.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and Optionee agree as follows:
1. Grant of Option. This agreement evidences the grant by the Company to
Optionee pursuant to the Company's 1997 Stemcells Research Stock Option Plan
(the "Plan") of an option to purchase, in whole or in part, on the terms
provided herein, the number of shares specified above of the Company's Common
Stock, $.01 par value (the "Common Stock"), at a per share price equal to
$5.25 (the "Option"). This Option is not intended to qualify as an
"incentive stock option" within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. This Option shall terminate on the tenth
anniversary of the date of this Agreement (the "Final Exercise Date"), and is
subject to earlier termination as provided in Sections 6 and 7 below.
2. Exercisability of Option. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof,
this Option shall vest and become exercisable as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
% of Shares
Milestone Vesting
- ---------- ----------
<S> <C>
On the date of this Agreement 6.25%
First Corporate Partnership (as defined below)
(before September 1, 1998)
<PAGE>
<S> <C>
If greater than $5,000,000 and less than or equal to $10,000,000 6.25%
If greater than $10,000,000 and less than or equal to $15,000,000 8.75%
If greater than $15,000,000 11.25%
Second Corporate Partnership (before September 1, 1999)
If greater than $5,000,000 and less than or equal to $10,000,000 6.25%
If greater than $10,000,000 and less than or equal to $15,000,000 8.75%
If greater than $15,000,000 11.25%
First Corporate Partnership resulting from
discovery of a new stem cell (before June 30, 2000)
If greater than $5,000,000 and less than or equal to $10,000,000 6.25%
If greater than $10,000,000 and less than or equal to $15,000,000 8.75%
If greater than $15,000,000 11.25%
Second Corporate Partnership resulting from
discovery of a new stem cell (before June 30, 2000)
If greater than $5,000,000 and less than or equal to $10,000,000 6.25%
If greater than $10,000,000 and less than or equal to $15,000,000 8.75%
If greater than $15,000,000 11.25%
Commencement of first clinical trial of a CTI 12.50%
stem cell product (before June 30, 2000)
Filing of first United States regulatory filing for marketing 12.50%
approval of a CTI stem cell product (before June 30, 2003)
Filing of first European Union or Japanese regulatory filing
for market 12.50%
-2-
<PAGE>
<S> <C>
approval with respect to a CTI stem cell product (before June 30, 2004)
First United States commercial approval of a 25.00%
CTI stem cell product (before June 30, 2005)
First European Union or Japanese commercial 25.00%
approval of a CTI stem cell product (before June 30, 2005)
</TABLE>
For purposes of the foregoing, "Corporate Partnership" means any joint
venture, licensing agreement, collaboration agreement, or research and
development agreement to which the Company is a party and which is material
to the long-term success of the Company. A "Corporate Partnership resulting
from the discovery of a new stem cell" shall mean a Corporate Partnership
which is formed to commercially develop technology resulting from research
conducted pursuant to the Research Plan (as such term is defined in a letter
agreement between the Company and Messrs. Weissman, Gage and Anderson, dated
as of September __, 1997) which the corporate partner and CTI reasonably
believe has resulted in the discovery of a previously undiscovered stem cell.
The dollar amounts set forth above with respect to Corporate Partnerships
refer to the receipt by the Company of the aggregate amount of the following
payments received in connection with any such Corporate Partnership:
(i) any non-refundable up-front license fees;
(ii) the present value of all non-refundable, non-contingent
license fees payable at a later date;
(iii) the amount by which the purchase price paid for any
non-refundable, non-contingent equity investment in the
Company made in connection with such Corporate Partnership
exceeds the fair market value of such equity investment as
reasonably determined by the Board of Directors of the
Company; and
(iv) 50% of all non-contingent payments for sponsored research
under any sponsored research agreement, provided, however,
that in the case of the $5 million target in each of the first
two corporate partnership milestones, 100% of such payments
shall count toward satisfaction of such target.
The Company shall not structure any Corporate Partnership in a bad faith effort
to avoid giving rise to the vesting of options hereunder.
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<PAGE>
3. Exercise of Option. Each election to exercise this Option shall be in
writing, signed by Optionee or by his duly appointed guardian or
representative, his executor or administrator or the person or persons to
whom this Option is transferred by will or the applicable laws of descent and
distribution (collectively, the "Legal Representative"), and received by the
Company at its principal office in Providence, Rhode Island, accompanied by
payment in full as provided in Section 4 below. In the event this Option is
exercised by such Legal Representative, the Company shall be under no
obligation to deliver stock hereunder unless and until the Company is
reasonably satisfied that the person or persons exercising this Option is or
are the duly appointed guardian(s) or representative(s) of Optionee, the duly
appointed executor(s) or administrator(s) of the deceased Optionee or the
person or persons to whom this Option has been transferred by will or the
applicable laws of descent and distribution.
4. Payment for Stock. Shares of Common Stock shall be issued only upon
receipt by the Company of full payment of the purchase price for the shares
as to which this Option is exercised. The purchase price is payable by
Optionee to the Company either (i) in cash or by certified check or cashier's
check payable to the order of the Company; or (ii) through the delivery of
shares of Common Stock (duly owned by Optionee and as to which Optionee has
good title free and clear of any liens and encumbrances) which have been
outstanding for at least six months and which have a fair market value (as
determined by the Board of Directors of the Company) on the last business day
prior to the date of exercise of this Option equal to the purchase price; or
(iii) by delivery of an unconditional and irrevocable undertaking by a broker
to deliver promptly to the Company sufficient funds to pay the exercise
price; or (iv) by any combination of the forgoing permissible forms of
payment. The Company will not be obligated to deliver any shares unless and
until, in the opinion of the Company's counsel, all applicable federal and
state laws and regulations have been complied with, nor, in the event the
outstanding Common Stock is at the time listed upon any stock exchange,
unless and until the shares to be delivered have been listed or authorized to
be listed upon official notice that legal matters in connection with the
issuance and delivery of such shares have been approved by the Company's
counsel. The Company will use its best efforts to effect any such compliance
or listing, and Optionee agrees to take any action reasonably requested by
the Company in connection therewith. Subject to any applicable limitations
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations
thereunder, the Company will promptly file a Registration Statement on Form
S-8 (or any successor form), with respect to the shares of Common Stock
issuable upon exercise of this Option, and the Company will use all
reasonable efforts to maintain the effectiveness of such registration
statement for so long as this Option shall remain outstanding. The Company
may require that Optionee agree that he will notify the Company when he makes
any disposition of the shares issued upon exercise of this Option whether by
sale, gift or otherwise. Optionee will have the rights of a shareholder only
as to shares actually acquired by him upon exercise of this Option.
-4-
<PAGE>
5. Non-transferability of Option. This Option may not be transferred by
Optionee otherwise than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.
During Optionee's lifetime this Option may be exercised only by Optionee or
Optionee's duly appointed guardian or representative.
6. Termination of Service. In the event Optionee ceases to be a
consultant to or employee of the Company because the Company terminates his
service for Cause (as defined in the Consulting/Employment Agreement) or
Optionee terminates his service without Good Reason (as defined in the
Consulting/Employment Agreement), this Option shall immediately terminate
except that Optionee may thereafter exercise this Option, to the extent he
was entitled to exercise it on the date when his service terminated, for a
period of 90 days after the date of such termination. In no event, however,
may this Option be exercised after the Final Exercise Date.
7. Death or Disability. In the event Optionee dies or Optionee's service
with the Company terminates by reason of disability (meaning the inability of
Optionee, because of physical or mental illness or injury, to perform
substantially all of his duties and responsibilities to the Company), this
Option shall continue to be eligible for vesting as set forth in Section 2 of
this Agreement for a period of two years after Optionee's death or the
termination of his service because of disability. In addition, this Option
may be exercised, as to all or any of (a) the shares that Optionee was
entitled to purchase immediately prior to his death or the termination of his
service because of disability and (b) the shares that vest in accordance with
the preceding sentence, by Optionee or his Legal Representative, at any time
or times within three years after his death or such termination of service.
Except as so exercised this Option will expire at the end of such period. In
no event, however, may this Option be exercised after the Final Exercise Date.
8. Administration. This Option will be administered by the Board of
Directors of the Company, which will have the authority to interpret this
agreement and to decide all questions and settle all controversies and disputes
which may arise in connection herewith. All decisions, determinations and
interpretations of the Board of Directors will be binding on all parties
concerned. A majority of the members of the Board of Directors will constitute
a quorum, and all determinations of the Board of Directors will be made by a
majority of its members. Any determination of the Board of Directors under this
agreement may be made without notice or meeting of the Board of Directors by a
written instrument signed by a majority of the members of the Board of
Directors. In the event of any conflict between the terms of this Option and
the terms of the Plan the terms of this Option will control.
9. Stock to be Delivered. Stock to be delivered upon exercise of this
Option may constitute an original issue of authorized but unissued stock or may
consist of previously issued stock acquired by the Company as determined from
time to time by the
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<PAGE>
Board of Directors. The Board of Directors and the proper officers of the
Company will take any appropriate action required for such delivery.
10. Changes in Stock. In the event of a stock dividend, stock split or
combination of shares, recapitalization or other change in the Company's
capital structure, the Board of Directors of the Company (whose determination
will be binding on Optionee) will make appropriate adjustments to the number
and kind of shares of stock or other securities subject to this Option, the
exercise price and other relevant provisions. Except as provided in the
following paragraph, in the event of a Change in Control (as defined below),
this Option will expire and cease to be exercisable, provided that at least
twenty days prior to the effective date of any such Change in Control, the
Board of Directors shall either (a) make this Option immediately exercisable
in full, or (b) arrange to have the acquiror or an affiliate thereof grant a
replacement option or other replacement award containing terms that the Board
of Directors reasonably determines to be equitable under the circumstances.
"Change in Control" means any consolidation or merger in which the Company is
not the surviving corporation, a transaction or series of related
transactions that result in the acquisition of all or substantially all of
the Company's outstanding Common Stock by a single person or entity or by a
group of persons or entities acting in concert, or the sale or transfer of
all or substantially all of the Company's assets.
11. Acceleration of Options on Change in Control. Any Change in Control
will result in the accelerated vesting of the lesser of (i) 50% of the shares
originally issuable pursuant to this Option or (ii) all of the shares which
would become vested on the achievement of all milestones which are not
time-barred at the time of Change in Control.
In addition, the Shares subject to this Option shall be accelerated under the
circumstances and to the extent described in Section 1 (f) of the Agreement
(the "Research Agreement") dated September 25, 1997 among the Company,
Irving Weissman and Fred H. Gage.
12. Amendments. The Board of Directors of the Company may at any time or
times amend this Option for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of any
changes in applicable laws or regulations or for any other purpose which may at
the time be permitted by law, provided that no such amendment will adversely
affect the rights of Optionee without his consent.
13. Governing Law. This agreement shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware (not including the conflict
of laws principles thereof).
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<PAGE>
[Incentive Option Agreement]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this agreement to be executed by
its duly authorized officer. This Option is granted at the Company's office,
on the date stated above.
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
By: ---------------------------
President
Accepted and Agreed:
- --------------------------
Optionee
<PAGE>
Schedule B
Prior Inventions
None.
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 10.67
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
CONSULTING AGREEMENT -- WEISSMAN
This Agreement, dated as of September 25, 1997, is between Irving
Weissman, M.D., an individual with an address at 4147 Jefferson, Redwood
City, California 94062 (the "Consultant") and CytoTherapeutics, Inc., a
Delaware corporation with an address at 2 Richmond Square, Providence, Rhode
Island 02906 (the "Company").
In consideration of the mutual promises, terms, provisions and conditions
set forth in this Agreement, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. University Policies. Reference is made to the policies to which
Consultant is subject as a result of his engagement with the Stanford
University Medical Center (the "University") and his obligations to the
University thereunder (the "University Policies"). It is the intention of
the Company and the Consultant that the services to be performed by the
Consultant hereunder be consistent with such Policies.
2. Consulting and Other Services. Subject to the terms and conditions
set forth in this Agreement, Consultant shall provide to the Company the
following services:
a. Consulting Services. The Consultant will act as a consultant to the
Company during those hours when he is not working for the University
and as mutually agreed to by and between the Consultant and the
Company. The Consultant's consulting services to be rendered
hereunder will involve those areas mutually agreed to by and between
the Consultant and the Company. These areas include applications of
the isolation, expansion and gene modification of stem and
progenitor cells primarily for the liver, pancreas, and the central
and peripheral nervous systems (the "Specialty Area").
Notwithstanding the generality of the foregoing, the Specialty Area
shall specifically exclude applications of hematopoietic stem and
progenitor cell isolation, expansion and gene-modification and
SCID-Hu mice. The Company hereby retains the Consultant as a
consultant to the Company, and the Consultant hereby agrees to
perform the following services related to the Specialty Area for the
Company:
i. The Consultant shall spend at least one day per month
consulting for the Company and a reasonable amount of time for
informal consultations over the telephone or otherwise. In
addition, as a member of the Company's Scientific Advisory
Board, Consultant shall attend four one-day meetings per year
at such times and places as the Company may request, which may
include weekends.
<PAGE>
ii. The Consultant may from time to time be unavailable to
attend meetings or perform other consulting duties, due to
other prior obligations including but not limited to teaching
and other academic duties and attending scientific conferences,
and such unavailability shall not be considered a breach of
this Agreement if the Consultant gives the Company reasonable
notice of such unavailability.
b. Other Services. In addition, (i) during the term of this
Agreement, the Company shall cause Consultant to be elected to the
Board of Directors of its subsidiary, StemCells, Inc.; (ii) until at
least June 30, 1999, the Company shall appoint Consultant as
Chairman of the Company's Scientific Advisory Board and (iii) the
Company shall elect Consultant as a member of the Company's Board of
Directors to serve until the next annual meeting of Stockholders and
shall, at such annual meeting, nominate Consultant for election to a
three-year term as a director. Consultant agrees to serve in all
such capacities when so appointed or elected.
3. Cash Compensation. Consultant will receive cash compensation for his
services hereunder as provided in the attached Schedule A.
4. Stock Options. In further consideration for the services provided
hereunder, the Company will grant to Consultant options to purchase 500,000
shares of Common Stock of the Company in accordance with the terms and
conditions set forth in the form of Performance-Based Incentive Option
Agreement (the "Option Agreement") attached hereto as Schedule B.
5. Expenses. The Company will reimburse the Consultant for any actual
expenses incurred by the Consultant while rendering services under this
Agreement so long as the expenses are reasonable and necessary. Such
expenses shall include reasonable and necessary travel, lodging and meals in
connection with services performed under this Agreement. Requests for
reimbursement shall be in a form reasonably acceptable to the Company.
6. Confidentiality and Noncompetition Provisions. Consultant agrees
that some restrictions on his activities during and after his consulting
service are necessary to protect the goodwill, Confidential Information and
other legitimate interests of the Company:
a. Proprietary Information. Consultant agrees to be bound by the
following:
i. The Consultant recognizes that in performance under this
Agreement he will have contact with information of substantial
value to the Company that is not generally known outside the
Company and that gives the Company an advantage over its
competitors who do not know or use it, including, but not
limited to, techniques, designs, drawings, processes,
inventions, developments, equipment, prototypes, slides,
customer information and business, scientific and financial
information relating to the business,
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<PAGE>
products, practices or techniques of the Company. The Consultant
agrees to regard and preserve as confidential such information.
ii. The Consultant will not, at any time (except as authorized by
the Company), divulge or disclose, directly or indirectly, to
any person, firm, association or corporation other than bona
fide employees of the Company or any affiliate of the Company,
acting in that capacity, or use for his own benefit or gain or
any purpose other than the performance of services hereunder,
any Confidential Information (as hereinafter defined), of the
Company or any of its affiliates. "Confidential Information"
means any knowledge, or data concerning the business,
technology or affairs of the Company or any affiliate of the
Company including any inventions, discoveries, improvements,
products, processes, technology, trade secrets, know-how,
designs, formulas, or any other confidential material, data,
information or instructions, technical or otherwise, owned by
the Company or any affiliate of the Company.
iii. All documents, data, records, apparatus, equipment and other
physical property produced by the Consultant or others in
connection with the Consultant's activities pursuant to this
Agreement or which are furnished to the Consultant by the
Company shall be and remain the sole property of the Company
and shall be returned promptly to the Company as and when
requested by the Company.
iv. The limitations imposed by this Section 6.1 shall not apply
to (i) information which at the time of disclosure to
Consultant is in the public domain or already possessed by the
Consultant, (ii) information which becomes available to the
public at any time, other than as a result of acts by the
Consultant in violation of this Agreement, (iii) information
which is lawfully required to be disclosed to any governmental
agency or is otherwise required to be disclosed by law and (iv)
information disclosed to the Consultant in good faith by a
third party who has an independent right to such information
and who discloses the same to the Consultant.
b. Exclusive Consulting Agreement. With the exception of the
Consultant's existing relationships with the University pursuant to
the University Policies during the term of this Agreement and, in the
case of any termination of this Agreement by the Company for "Cause"
(as defined below) or by the Consultant for other than "Good Reason"
(as defined below), for two years thereafter, the Consultant will not,
directly or indirectly, own, manage, operate, join, control, finance
or participate in the ownership, management, operation, control or
financing of, or be connected as an officer, director, employee,
partner, principal, agent, investigator, consultant or advisor with
any person, business or enterprise which is engaged in
-3-
<PAGE>
developing products or technology relating to the Specialty Area in
actual or potential competition with the Company or its affiliates,
without the express prior written consent of the Company.
c. Non-solicitation. During the term of this Agreement and for two
years thereafter, Consultant will not, directly or indirectly, attempt
to hire any employee of the Company, assist in such hiring by any
other person, corporation or other entity, or otherwise solicit,
induce or encourage any employee of the Company to terminate his or
her relationship with the Company.
d. Non-Disclosure of Third Party Proprietary Information.
Consultant will not, during his consulting service with the Company,
improperly use or disclose any proprietary information or trade
secrets of any former or concurrent employer, or other person or
entity with whom he has an agreement or duty to keep in confidence
information acquired by him in confidence, if any.
e. Remedies. Consultant agrees that the Company shall, in addition
to any other remedies available to it, be entitled to preliminary and
permanent injunctive relief against any breach by Consultant of the
covenants contained in this Section 6, without having to post bond.
In the event that any provision of this Section shall be determined by
any court of competent jurisdiction to be unenforceable by reason of
its being extended over too great a time, too large a geographic area
or too great a range of activities, it shall be interpreted to extend
only over the maximum period of time, geographic area or range of
activities as to which it may be enforceable.
7. Inventions.
a. This Section 7 does not apply to any inventions, discoveries,
improvements, products, processes, technology, trade secrets,
know-how, designs, formulas, or any other subject matter that is owned
by University pursuant to the University Policies.
b. Subject to Section 7.1, Consultant agrees that any Inventions (as
defined below) shall be the property of the Company and its assigns.
Consultant agrees to assign, and does hereby assign, to the Company
all right, title and interest in and to all such Inventions. As
used herein, "Inventions" includes all inventions, improvements,
biological materials, know-how, data and other subject matter
(whether or not patented or patentable, and including all
intellectual property rights therein) developed, made, conceived,
reduced to practice, discovered or learned by Consultant, solely or
jointly with others, that arise from the performance of services
under this Agreement, relate to the Specialty Area or are based upon
Confidential Information of the Company. To the extent he is free
to do so, the Consultant shall promptly disclose to the Company all
inventions, discoveries,
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<PAGE>
improvements, processes, technology and know-how (whether or not
patentable and whether or not reduced to practice) which the
Consultant may conceive or make (either by himself or jointly with
others) during the term of this Agreement with the Company.
c. Consultant agrees to assist Company, or its designee, at the
Company's expense, in every proper way to secure the Company's rights
in the Inventions and any intellectual property rights therein in any
and all countries, including the disclosure to the Company of all
pertinent information and data with respect thereto, the execution of
all applications, specifications, oaths, assignments and all other
instruments which the Company shall deem necessary in order to apply
for and obtain such rights and in order to assign and convey to the
Company, its successors, assigns and nominees the sole and exclusive
rights, title and interest in and to such Inventions, and any
intellectual property rights therein.
d. Consultant agrees that if in the course of performing the
Services, Consultant incorporates into any Invention developed
hereunder any invention, improvement, development, concept, discovery
or other proprietary subject matter owned by Consultant or in which
Consultant has an interest, the Company is hereby granted and shall
have a nonexclusive, royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide
license, with the right to grant and authorize sublicenses, to make,
have made, modify, use and sell such item as part of or in connection
with such Invention.
8. Term and Termination. This Agreement shall be in effect for ten
(10) years commencing on the date hereof subject to earlier termination as set
forth in this Section 8. The Company may terminate Consultant's service under
this Agreement at any time for Cause (as defined below). Consultant may
terminate his service under this Agreement at any time for Good Reason (as
defined below). At any time after June 30, 1999, the Company may terminate the
Consultant's service under this Agreement other than for Cause and the
Consultant may terminate his service hereunder other than for those for Good
Reason. Consultant's services hereunder shall also terminate on his death or
disability (as defined in Section 7 of the Option).
a. Upon termination of Consultant's service with the Company for any
reason, the Company shall have no further obligation to Consultant
under this Agreement other than for amounts earned through the date of
termination. No severance pay or other benefits of any kind will be
provided. The effect of such termination (if any) on the options
granted pursuant to Section 4 shall be as set forth in the Option
Agreement.
b. The following shall constitute "Cause": (i) any willful act of
personal dishonesty, fraud or misrepresentation taken by the
consultant in connection with his or her responsibilities as a
Consultant which was intended to result in substantial gain
-5-
<PAGE>
or personal enrichment of the Consultant at the expense of the Company
and was materially and demonstrably injurious to the Company; (ii) the
Consultant's conviction of a felony on account of any act which was
materially and demonstrably injurious to the Company; (iii) the
Consultant's willful and continued failure to substantially perform
his or per principal duties and obligations or employment (other than
any such failure resulting from incapacity due to physical or mental
illness), which failure is not remedied in a reasonable period of time
after receipt of written notice from the Company; or (iv) any change
in University Policies which materially adversely affects Consultant's
ability to perform the services contemplated hereunder or to assign
his rights in Inventions to the Company. For the purposes of this
Section, no act or failure to act shall be considered "willful" unless
done or omitted to be done in bad faith and without reasonable belief
that the act or omission was in or not opposed to the best interests
of the company.
c. The following shall constitute "Good Reason" for termination:
material breach by the Company of any provision of this Agreement
which breach continues for more than ten (10) business days following
written notice from Consultant to the Company setting forth in
reasonable detail the nature of such breach.
9. No Conflict. Consultant represents that to the best of his
knowledge and belief (a) his execution and delivery of, and performance of his
expected duties under, this Agreement do not conflict with any other agreement
to which he is a party or by which he is bound, including, without limitation,
any agreement to keep in confidence proprietary information acquired by
Consultant in confidence or trust prior to his retention as a consultant by the
Company, and (b) he has not brought and will not bring with him to the Company
or use in performance of his responsibilities at the Company any equipment,
supplies, facility or trade secret information of any current or former employer
which are not generally available to the public, unless he has obtained written
authorization for their use.
10. Independent Contractor. In rendering services to the Company,
Consultant shall act as an independent contractor and not as an employee or
agent of the Company.
11. Amendment. The provisions of this Agreement may be amended by
the written agreement of the Company and Consultant.
12. Choice of Law. This Agreement shall be governed and construed in
accordance with the internal laws of the State of Rhode Island.
13. Successors, etc. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall
inure to the benefit of the Company's successors, transferees and assigns. The
Company requires the personal services of Consultant hereunder, and Consultant
may not assign this Agreement.
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<PAGE>
14. Execution of Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which, when
taken together, shall constitute one instrument.
15. Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement
would, under applicable law, be invalid or unenforceable, such provision shall,
to the extent permitted under applicable law, be construed by modifying or
limiting it so as to be valid and enforceable to the maximum extent possible
under applicable law. The provisions of this Agreement are severable, and in
the event that any provision hereof should be held invalid or unenforceable in
any respect, it shall not invalidate, render unenforceable or otherwise affect
any other provision hereof.
16. Notices. Any and all notices, requests, demands and other
communications provided for by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be
effective when delivered in person or five business days after deposit in the
United States mail, postage prepaid, registered or certified, and addressed to
Consultant at his address set forth above or, in the case of the Company, at its
address set forth above, attention of President, or to such other address as
either party may specify by notice to the other.
17. Prior Agreement with StemCells. As of the Effective Time, this
Agreement supersedes any consulting agreement, commitment, understanding or
arrangements, express, implied, oral, or written between StemCells, Inc. and
Consultant, except that any agreement between StemCells, Inc. and Consultant, to
the extent that such agreement relates to confidentiality or non-disclosure or
assignment of proprietary rights, noncompetition or nonsolicitation relating to
StemCell's business, shall remain in full force and effect and inure to the
benefit of the Company, and shall be in addition to, and not in limitation of,
the rights of the Company hereunder.
18. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire
agreement between the parties hereto, and supersedes any and all prior or
contemporaneous communications, agreements and understandings, written or oral,
with respect to the terms and conditions of Consultant's service to the Company.
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<PAGE>
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Agreement to be executed
and delivered by its duly authorized officer and Consultant has executed and
delivered this Agreement.
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
By: /S/ SETH RUDNICK
-------------------------------------
Name: Seth Rudnick
Title: President
/S/ IRVING WEISSMAN
------------------------------------------
Irving Weissman, M.D.
<PAGE>
Schedule A
$50,000 per year, payable quarterly in advance.
<PAGE>
Schedule B
FORM OF PERFORMANCE-BASED INCENTIVE OPTION AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
Optionee: Irving Weisman Shares Subject to Option: 500,000
Dated: September 25, 1997
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
PERFORMANCE-BASED INCENTIVE OPTION AGREEMENT
This Agreement is made as of the date set forth above by and between
CytoTherapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company" or "CTI"), and the
Optionee specified above (the "Optionee").
WHEREAS, Optionee has entered into a Consulting or Employment Agreement
with the Company which provides for the grant of the options evidenced hereby
(the "Consulting/Employment Agreement"); and
WHEREAS, Optionee is in a position to make a significant contribution to
the long-term success of the Company, and in particular the Company's stemcell
research program.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and Optionee agree as follows:
1. Grant of Option. This agreement evidences the grant by the Company to
Optionee pursuant to the Company's 1997 Stemcells Research Stock Option Plan
(the "Plan") of an option to purchase, in whole or in part, on the terms
provided herein, the number of shares specified above of the Company's Common
Stock, $.01 par value (the "Common Stock"), at a per share price equal to $5.25
(the "Option"). This Option is not intended to qualify as an "incentive stock
option" within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended. This Option shall terminate on the tenth anniversary of the date of
this Agreement (the "Final Exercise Date"), and is subject to earlier
termination as provided in Sections 6 and 7 below.
2. Exercisability of Option. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof,
this Option shall vest and become exercisable as follows:
% of Shares
Milestone Vesting
- --------- -----------
On the date of this Agreement 6.25%
First Corporate Partnership (as defined below)
(before September 1, 1998)
If > $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 6.25%
If > $10,000,000 and $15,000,000 8.75%
If > $15,000,000 11.25%
Second Corporate Partnership (before September 1, 1999)
If > $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 6.25%
If > $10,000,000 and $15,000,000 8.75%
If > $15,000,000 11.25%
First Corporate Partnership resulting from
discovery of a new stem cell (before June 30, 2000)
If > $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 6.25%
If > $10,000,000 and $15,000,000 8.75%
If > $15,000,000 11.25%
Second Corporate Partnership resulting from
discovery of a new stem cell (before June 30, 2000)
If > $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 6.25%
If > $10,000,000 and $15,000,000 8.75%
If > $15,000,000 11.25%
Commencement of first clinical trial of a CTI 12.50%
stem cell product (before June 30, 2000)
Filing of first United States regulatory filing for marketing 12.50%
approval of a CTI stem cell product (before June 30, 2003)
Filing of first European Union or Japanese regulatory
filing for market approval with respect to a CTI stem 12.50%
cell product (before June 30, 2004)
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<PAGE>
First United States commercial approval of a 25.00%
CTI stem cell product (before June 30, 2005)
First European Union or Japanese commercial 25.00%
approval of a CTI stem cell product (before June 30, 2005)
For purposes of the foregoing, "Corporate Partnership" means any joint
venture, licensing agreement, collaboration agreement, or research and
development agreement to which the Company is a party and which is material
to the long-term success of the Company. A "Corporate Partnership resulting
from the discovery of a new stem cell" shall mean a Corporate Partnership
which is formed to commercially develop technology resulting from research
conducted pursuant to the Research Plan (as such term is defined in a letter
agreement between the Company and Messrs. Weissman, Gage and Anderson, dated
as of September __, 1997) which the corporate partner and CTI reasonably
believe has resulted in the discovery of a previously undiscovered stem cell.
The dollar amounts set forth above with respect to Corporate Partnerships
refer to the receipt by the Company of the aggregate amount of the following
payments received in connection with any such Corporate Partnership:
(i) any non-refundable up-front license fees;
(ii) the present value of all non-refundable, non-contingent
license fees payable at a later date;
(iii) the amount by which the purchase price paid for any
non-refundable, non-contingent equity investment in the
Company made in connection with such Corporate Partnership
exceeds the fair market value of such equity investment as
reasonably determined by the Board of Directors of the
Company; and
(iv) 50% of all non-contingent payments for sponsored research
under any sponsored research agreement, provided, however,
that in the case of the $5 million target in each of the first
two corporate partnership milestones, 100% of such payments
shall count toward satisfaction of such target.
The Company shall not structure any Corporate Partnership in a bad faith
effort to avoid giving rise to the vesting of options hereunder.
3. Exercise of Option. Each election to exercise this Option shall be in
writing, signed by Optionee or by his duly appointed guardian or representative,
his executor or administrator or the person or persons to whom this Option is
transferred by will or the applicable laws of descent and distribution
(collectively, the "Legal Representative"), and received by the Company at its
principal office in Providence, Rhode Island, accompanied by payment in full as
provided in Section 4 below. In the event this Option is exercised by such
Legal Representative,
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<PAGE>
the Company shall be under no obligation to deliver stock hereunder unless
and until the Company is reasonably satisfied that the person or persons
exercising this Option is or are the duly appointed guardian(s) or
representative(s) of Optionee, the duly appointed executor(s) or
administrator(s) of the deceased Optionee or the person or persons to whom
this Option has been transferred by will or the applicable laws of descent
and distribution.
4. Payment for Stock. Shares of Common Stock shall be issued only upon
receipt by the Company of full payment of the purchase price for the shares
as to which this Option is exercised. The purchase price is payable by
Optionee to the Company either (i) in cash or by certified check or cashier's
check payable to the order of the Company; or (ii) through the delivery of
shares of Common Stock (duly owned by Optionee and as to which Optionee has
good title free and clear of any liens and encumbrances) which have been
outstanding for at least six months and which have a fair market value (as
determined by the Board of Directors of the Company) on the last business day
prior to the date of exercise of this Option equal to the purchase price; or
(iii) by delivery of an unconditional and irrevocable undertaking by a broker
to deliver promptly to the Company sufficient funds to pay the exercise
price; or (iv) by any combination of the forgoing permissible forms of
payment. The Company will not be obligated to deliver any shares unless and
until, in the opinion of the Company's counsel, all applicable federal and
state laws and regulations have been complied with, nor, in the event the
outstanding Common Stock is at the time listed upon any stock exchange,
unless and until the shares to be delivered have been listed or authorized to
be listed upon official notice that legal matters in connection with the
issuance and delivery of such shares have been approved by the Company's
counsel. The Company will use its best efforts to effect any such compliance
or listing, and Optionee agrees to take any action reasonably requested by
the Company in connection therewith. Subject to any applicable limitations
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations
thereunder, the Company will promptly file a Registration Statement on Form
S-8 (or any successor form), with respect to the shares of Common Stock
issuable upon exercise of this Option, and the Company will use all
reasonable efforts to maintain the effectiveness of such registration
statement for so long as this Option shall remain outstanding. The Company
may require that Optionee agree that he will notify the Company when he makes
any disposition of the shares issued upon exercise of this Option whether by
sale, gift or otherwise. Optionee will have the rights of a shareholder only
as to shares actually acquired by him upon exercise of this Option.
5. Non-transferability of Option. This Option may not be transferred
by Optionee otherwise than by will or by the laws of descent and
distribution. During Optionee's lifetime this Option may be exercised only by
Optionee or Optionee's duly appointed guardian or representative.
6. Termination of Service. In the event Optionee ceases to be a
consultant to or employee of the Company because the Company terminates his
service for Cause (as defined in the Consulting/Employment Agreement) or
Optionee terminates his service without Good Reason (as defined in the
Consulting/Employment Agreement), this Option shall immediately terminate
except that Optionee may thereafter exercise this Option, to the extent he
was entitled to exercise
-4-
<PAGE>
it on the date when his service terminated, for a period of 90 days after the
date of such termination. In no event, however, may this Option be exercised
after the Final Exercise Date.
7. Death or Disability. In the event Optionee dies or Optionee's
service with the Company terminates by reason of disability (meaning the
inability of Optionee, because of physical or mental illness or injury, to
perform substantially all of his duties and responsibilities to the Company),
this Option shall continue to be eligible for vesting as set forth in Section
2 of this Agreement for a period of two years after Optionee's death or the
termination of his service because of disability. In addition, this Option
may be exercised, as to all or any of (a) the shares that Optionee was
entitled to purchase immediately prior to his death or the termination of his
service because of disability and (b) the shares that vest in accordance with
the preceding sentence, by Optionee or his Legal Representative, at any time
or times within three years after his death or such termination of service.
Except as so exercised this Option will expire at the end of such period. In
no event, however, may this Option be exercised after the Final Exercise Date.
8. Administration. This Option will be administered by the Board of
Directors of the Company, which will have the authority to interpret this
agreement and to decide all questions and settle all controversies and
disputes which may arise in connection herewith. All decisions,
determinations and interpretations of the Board of Directors will be binding
on all parties concerned. A majority of the members of the Board of
Directors will constitute a quorum, and all determinations of the Board of
Directors will be made by a majority of its members. Any determination of
the Board of Directors under this agreement may be made without notice or
meeting of the Board of Directors by a written instrument signed by a
majority of the members of the Board of Directors. In the event of any
conflict between the terms of this Option and the terms of the Plan the terms
of this Option will control.
9. Stock to be Delivered. Stock to be delivered upon exercise of this
Option may constitute an original issue of authorized but unissued stock or
may consist of previously issued stock acquired by the Company as determined
from time to time by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors and the
proper officers of the Company will take any appropriate action required for
such delivery.
10. Changes in Stock. In the event of a stock dividend, stock split or
combination of shares, recapitalization or other change in the Company's
capital structure, the Board of Directors of the Company (whose determination
will be binding on Optionee) will make appropriate adjustments to the number
and kind of shares of stock or other securities subject to this Option, the
exercise price and other relevant provisions. Except as provided in the
following paragraph, in the event of a Change in Control (as defined below),
this Option will expire and cease to be exercisable, provided that at least
twenty days prior to the effective date of any such Change in Control, the
Board of Directors shall either (a) make this Option immediately exercisable
in full, or (b) arrange to have the acquiror or an affiliate thereof grant a
replacement option or other replacement award containing terms that the Board
of Directors reasonably determines to be equitable under the circumstances.
"Change in Control" means any consolidation or merger in
-5-
<PAGE>
which the Company is not the surviving corporation, a transaction or series
of related transactions that result in the acquisition of all or
substantially all of the Company's outstanding Common Stock by a single
person or entity or by a group of persons or entities acting in concert, or
the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the Company's assets.
11. Acceleration of Options on Change in Control. Any Change in Control
will result in the accelerated vesting of the lesser of (i) 50% of the shares
originally issuable pursuant to this Option or (ii) all of the shares which
would become vested on the achievement of all milestones which are not
time-barred at the time of Change in Control.
In addition, the Shares subject to this Option shall be accelerated under the
circumstances and to the extent described in Section 1 (f) of the Agreement
(the "Research Agreement") dated September 25, 1997 among the Company,
Irving Weissman and Fred H. Gage.
12. Amendments. The Board of Directors of the Company may at any time
or times amend this Option for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of
any changes in applicable laws or regulations or for any other purpose which
may at the time be permitted by law, provided that no such amendment will
adversely affect the rights of Optionee without his consent.
13. Governing Law. This agreement shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware (not including the conflict
of laws principles thereof).
-6-
<PAGE>
[Incentive Option Agreement]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this agreement to be executed
by its duly authorized officer. This Option is granted at the Company's
office, on the date stated above.
CYTOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
By:
---------------------------
President
Accepted and Agreed:
- -------------------------
Optionee
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<PAGE>
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0
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<PAGE>
CAUTIONARY FACTORS RELEVANT TO FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
CytoTherapeutics, Inc. (the "Company") wishes to caution readers that the
following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected and in
the future could affect the Company's results and could cause actual results
and needs of the Company to vary materially from forward-looking statements
made in this Website by the Company on the basis of management's current
expectations. The business in which the Company is engaged is rapidly
changing, extremely competitive and involves a high degree of risk, and
accuracy with respect to forward-looking projections is difficult.
References are to the Company's 1996 Annual Report of Form 10-K
Early Stage Development; History of Operating Losses - Substantially all of
the Company's revenues to date have been derived, and for the foreseeable
future substantially all of the Company's revenues will be derived, from
collaborative agreements, research grants and income earned on invested
funds. The Company will incur substantial operating losses in the future as
the Company conducts its research, development, clinical trial and
manufacturing activities. There can be no assurance that the Company will
achieve revenues from product sales or become profitable.
Future Capital Needs; Uncertainty of Additional Funding - The development
of the Company's products will require the commitment of substantial
resources to conduct the time-consuming research, preclinical development and
clinical trials that are necessary for regulatory approvals and to establish
production and marketing capabilities if such approvals are obtained. The
Company will need to raise substantial additional funds to continue its
product development efforts and intends to seek such additional funds through
partnership, collaborative or other arrangements with corporate sponsors,
public or private equity or debt financings, or from other sources. Future
cash requirements may vary from projections based on changes in the Company's
research and development programs, progress in preclinical and clinical
testing, the Company's ability to enter into, and perform successfully under,
collaborative agreements, competitive and technological advances, the need to
obtain proprietary rights owned by third parties, facilities requirements,
regulatory approvals and other factors. Lack of necessary funds may require
the Company to delay, reduce or eliminate some or all of its research and
product development programs or to license its potential products or
technologies to third parties. No assurance can be given that funding will be
available when needed, if at all, or on terms acceptable to the Company.
Uncertainties of Clinical Development and New Mode of Therapy - None of the
Company's proposed products has been approved for commercial sale or entered
Phase III clinical trials. Even if the Company's proposed products appear to
be promising at an early stage of research or development such products may
later prove to be ineffective, have adverse side effects, fail to receive
necessary regulatory approvals, be difficult or uneconomical to manufacture
or market on a commercial scale, be precluded from development by new
regulations, be adversely affected by government price controls or
limitations on reimbursement, be precluded from commercialization by
proprietary rights of third parties or be subject to significant competition
<PAGE>
from other products. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able
to demonstrate, as required, that its implants, on a consistent basis and on
a commercial scale, among other things: (i) successfully isolate transplanted
cells from the recipient's immune system; (ii) remain biocompatible with the
tissue into which they are implanted, including, for certain implants, brain
tissue; (iii) adequately maintain the viability of cells contained within the
membrane; (iv) safely permit the therapeutic substances produced by the cells
within the membrane to pass through the membrane unto the patient in
controlled doses for extended periods; and (v) are sufficiently durable for
the intended indication.
Government Regulation - The Company's research, preclinical development and
clinical trials, as well as the manufacturing and marketing of its potential
products, are subject to extensive regulation by governmental authorities in
the United States and other countries. The process of obtaining FDA and other
required regulatory approvals is lengthy, expensive and uncertain. There can
be no assurance that the Company or its collaborators will be able to obtain
the necessary approvals to commence or continue clinical testing or to
manufacture or market its potential products in anticipated time frames, if
at all. In addition, several legislative proposals have been made to reform
the FDA. If such proposals are enacted they may result in significant changes
in the regulatory environment the Company faces. These changes could result
in different, more costly or more time consuming approval requirements for
the Company's products, in the dilution of FDA resources available to review
the Company's products, or in other unpredictable consequences. See
"Government Regulation."
There has been increasing regulatory concern about the risks of cell
transplantation. Concern has focused on cells derived from cows (such as are
used in the Company's pain program) and cells from primates and pigs. The
United Kingdom has adopted a moratorium on xenotransplantation pending
further research and discussion and the EC Commission has introduced a ban on
the use of "high risk material" from cattle and sheep in the Member States of
the European Community in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals (this ban would
apparently not include cells used in the Company's pain program). In
addition, the FDA has recently proposed guidelines which impose significant
constraints on the conduct of clinical trials utilizing xenotransplantation.
Furthermore, the FDA has published a "Proposed Approach to Regulation of
Cellular and Tissue-Based Products" which relates to use of human cells. The
Company cannot presently determine the effects of such actions nor what other
actions may be taken. Restrictions on the testing or use of cells (whether
nonhuman or human) as human therapeutics could materially adversely affect
the Company's product development programs and the Company itself. See
"Government Regulation."
Dependence on Outside Parties - The Company's strategy for the research,
development, commercialization and marketing of its products contemplates
that the Company will enter into various arrangements with corporate
sponsors, pharmaceutical companies, universities, research groups and others.
There is no assurance that the Company will be able to enter into any
additional arrangements on terms acceptable to the Company, or successfully
perform its obligations under its existing or any additional arrangements. If
any of the Company's collaborators fails to perform its obligations in a
timely manner or terminate their agreement with the
<PAGE>
Company, the development or commercialization of the Company's product
candidate or research program under such collaborative agreement may be
adversely affected.
Need for and Uncertainty of Obtaining Patent Protection -Patent protection
for products such as those the Company proposes to develop is highly
uncertain and involves complex factual and evolving legal questions. No
assurance can be given that any patents issued or licensed to the Company
will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that the rights
granted under such patents will provide competitive advantages to the Company.
Existence of Third Party Patents and Proprietary Rights; Need to Obtain
Licenses - A number of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other companies,
universities and research institutions have filed patent applications or have
been issued patents relating to cell therapy and encapsulation and other
technologies potentially relevant to or required by the Company's expected
products. The Company cannot predict which, if any, of such applications
will issue as patents or the claims which might be allowed. The Company is
aware of a number of third-party patent applications and patents relating to
cell encapsulation or claiming use of genetically modified cells to treat
disease, disorder or injury. In particular, the Company is aware of a
third-party U.S. patent which relates the use of cells for alleviating
chronic pain in humans and of two issued U. S. patents claiming certain
methods for treating defective, diseased or damaged cells in the mammalian
CNS by grafting genetically modified cells. The Company cannot predict the
effect of existing patent applications and patents on future unencapsulated
products. In addition, the Company is aware of third-party patents and
patent applications claiming rights to the neurotrophic factors (such as
CNTF, NT 4/5, Neurturin, and CT-1) which the Company hopes to deliver with
its technology, and to the production of these factors through the use of
genetically modified cells. The Company expects to use genetically modified
cells to produce these factors for use in its products. The Company may also
be required to seek licenses in regard to other cell lines, the techniques
used in creating or obtaining such cell lines, the materials used in the
manufacture of its implants or otherwise. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to establish collaborative arrangements or obtain
licenses to the foregoing technology or to other necessary or desirable
technology on acceptable terms, if at all, or that the patents underlying any
such licenses will be valid and enforceable. See "Patents, Proprietary
Rights and Licenses" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Sources of Cells and Other Materials - The Company's potential products
require genetically engineered cell lines or living cells harvested from
animal or human sources. There can be no assurance that the Company will
successfully identify or develop sources of the cells required for its
potential products and obtain such cells in quantities sufficient to satisfy
the commercial requirements of its potential products. These supply
limitations may apply, in particular, to primary cells which must be drawn
directly from animal or human sources, such as the bovine adrenal chromaffin
cells currently used in the Company's product for the treatment of pain. As
an alternative to primary cells, the Company is developing products based on
the use of genetically altered cells. Intellectual property rights to
important genetic constructs used in developing such cells, including the
constructs used to develop cells producing neurotrophic factors, are or may
be claimed by one or more companies, which could prevent the Company from
using such cells.
<PAGE>
Manufacturing Uncertainties - The Company's pilot manufacturing plant, may
not have sufficient capacity to permit the Company to produce all the
products for all of the clinical trials it anticipates developing. In
addition, the Company has not developed the capability to commercially
manufacture any of its proposed products and is unaware of any other company
which has manufactured any membrane-encapsulated cell product on a commercial
scale. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to develop the
capability of manufacturing any of its proposed products at a cost,
consistency or in the quantities necessary to make a commercially viable
product, if at all.
Competition - Competitors of the Company are numerous and include major
pharmaceutical and chemical companies, biotechnology companies, universities
and other research institutions. Currently, several of these competitors
market and sell therapeutic products for the treatment of chronic pain,
Parkinson's disease and other CNS conditions. In addition, most of the
Company's competitors have substantially greater capital resources,
experience in obtaining regulatory approvals and, in the case of commercial
entities, experience in manufacturing and marketing pharmaceutical products,
than the Company. A number of other companies are attempting to develop
methods of delivering therapeutic substances within or across the blood brain
barrier. There can be no assurance that the Company's competitors will not
succeed in developing technologies and products that are more effective than
those being developed by the Company or that would render the Company's
technology and products obsolete or non-competitive. See "Competition."
Dependence on Key Personnel - The Company is highly dependent on the
principal members of its management and scientific staff and certain of its
outside consultants. Vacancies have occurred and are likely to occur from
time to time among the Company's senior management and scientific staff.
Loss of the services of any of the Company's key employees or consultants or
the continued existence of such vacancies could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's operations. In addition, the Company's operations are
dependent upon its ability to attract and retain additional qualified
scientific and management personnel. There can be no assurance the Company
will be able to attract and retain such personnel on acceptable terms given
the competition among pharmaceutical, biotechnology and health care
companies, universities and research institutions for experienced personnel.
Reimbursement and Health Care Reform - In both domestic and foreign
markets, sales of the Company's potential products will depend in part upon
the availability and amounts of reimbursement from third-party health care
payor organizations, including government agencies, private health care
insurers and other health care payors such as health maintenance
organizations and self-insured employee plans. There is considerable pressure
to reduce the cost of therapeutic products. There can be no assurance that
reimbursement will be provided by such payors at all or without substantial
delay, or, if such reimbursement is provided, that the approved reimbursement
amounts will provide sufficient funds to enable the Company to sell its
products on a profitable basis. See "Reimbursement and Health Cost Control."
