SYNAPTIC PHARMACEUTICAL CORP
SC 13G, 1998-02-06
COMMERCIAL PHYSICAL & BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
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<PAGE>
 
                                 UNITED STATES
                      SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                            Washington, D.C. 20549

                                 SCHEDULE 13G

                   Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

                           (Amendment No.        )*
                                         --------
                      Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corporation
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               (Name of Issuer)

                                 Common Stock
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (Title of Class of Securities)


                                   87156R109
                             --------------------
                                (CUSIP Number)

*The remainder of this cover page shall be filled out for a reporting person's
initial filing on this form with respect to the subject class of securities, and
for any subsequent amendment containing information which would alter the
disclosures provided in a prior cover page.

The information required in the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed
to be "filed" for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 ("Act") or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section of the Act
but shall be subject to all other provisions of the Act (however, see the
Notes).



SEC 1745 (2/92)                Page 1 of 8 pages
<PAGE>
 
- -----------------------                                  ---------------------
  CUSIP NO.  87156R109              13G                    PAGE 2 OF 8 PAGES
- -----------------------                                  ---------------------
 
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
 1    S.S. or I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON
      
      Wanger Asset Management, L.P. 36-3820584                                 
                          
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP*
 2                                                              (a) [_]
      Not Applicable                                            (b) [_]
                                                 
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      SEC USE ONLY
 3
 

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
 4                                 
      Delaware

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          SOLE VOTING POWER
                     5                                                       
     NUMBER OF            None
 
      SHARES       -----------------------------------------------------------
                          SHARED VOTING POWER
   BENEFICIALLY      6       
                          1,051,000
     OWNED BY
                   -----------------------------------------------------------
       EACH               SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
                     7       
    REPORTING             None
 
      PERSON       -----------------------------------------------------------
                          SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
       WITH          8       
                          1,051,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
 9                           
      1,051,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (9) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES*
10           
      Not Applicable                                                [_]
 
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (9)
11           
      9.99%                                                              

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON*
12           
      1A

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                     *SEE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE FILLING OUT!
<PAGE>
 
- -----------------------                                  ---------------------
  CUSIP NO.  87156R109              13G                    PAGE 3 OF 8 PAGES
- -----------------------                                  ---------------------
 
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
 1    S.S. or I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON
      
      Wanger Asset Management, Ltd.                                            
                          
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP*
 2                                                              (a) [_]
      Not Applicable                                            (b) [_]
                                                 
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      SEC USE ONLY
 3
 

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
 4                                 
      Delaware

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          SOLE VOTING POWER
                     5                                                       
     NUMBER OF            None      
 
      SHARES       -----------------------------------------------------------
                          SHARED VOTING POWER
   BENEFICIALLY      6       
                          1,051,000
     OWNED BY
                   -----------------------------------------------------------
       EACH               SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
                     7       
    REPORTING             None
 
      PERSON       -----------------------------------------------------------
                          SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
       WITH          8       
                          1,051,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
 9                           
      1,051,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (9) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES*
10           
      Not Applicable                                                [_]
 
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (9)
11           
      9.99%

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON*
12           
      CO      

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                     *SEE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE FILLING OUT!
<PAGE>
 
- -----------------------                                  ---------------------
  CUSIP NO.  87156R109              13G                    PAGE 4 OF 8 PAGES
- -----------------------                                  ---------------------
 
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
 1    S.S. or I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON
      
      Acorn Investment Trust                                                   
                          
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP*
 2                                                              (a) [_]
      Not Applicable                                            (b) [_]
                                                 
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      SEC USE ONLY
 3
 

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
 4                                 
      Massachusetts

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          SOLE VOTING POWER
                     5                                                       
     NUMBER OF            None
 
      SHARES       -----------------------------------------------------------
                          SHARED VOTING POWER
   BENEFICIALLY      6       
                          680,000
     OWNED BY
                   -----------------------------------------------------------
       EACH               SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
                     7       
    REPORTING             None
 
      PERSON       -----------------------------------------------------------
                          SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
       WITH          8       
                          680,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
 9                           
      680,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (9) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES*
10           
      Not Applicable                                                [_]
 
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (9)
11           
      6.46%                                                              

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON*
12           
      IV

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                     *SEE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE FILLING OUT!

<PAGE>
 
Item 1(a)  Name of Issuer:

                    Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corporation

Item 1(b)  Address of Issuer's Principal Executive Offices:

                    215 College Road

                    Paramus, New Jersey  07652

Item 2(a)  Name of Person Filing:

                    Wanger Asset Management, L.P. ("WAM")
                    Wanger Asset Management Ltd., the general partner of WAM
                    ("WAM LTD.")
                    Acorn Investment Trust ("Acorn")


Item 2(b)  Address of Principal Business Office:

                    WAM, WAM LTD. and Acorn are all located at:
                    227 West Monroe Street, Suite 3000
                    Chicago, Illinois 60606

Item 2(c)  Citizenship:

                    WAM is a Delaware limited partnership.
                    WAM LTD. is a Delaware corporation.
                    Acorn is a Massachusetts business trust.


Item 2(d)  Title of Class of Securities:

                    Common Stock

Item 2(e)  CUSIP Number:

                    87156R109

Item 3  Type of Person:

                    (d)  Acorn is an investment company registered under section
                    8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940.

                    (e)  WAM is an Investment Adviser registered under section
                    203 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940; WAM LTD. is the
                    General Partner of the Investment Adviser.



                               Page 5 of 8 pages

<PAGE>
 
Item 4     Ownership (at December 31, 1997):

                    (a)  Amount owned "beneficially" within the meaning of rule
                         13d-3:

                         1,051,000 shares

                    (b)  Percent of class:

                         9.99%

                    (c)  Number of shares as to which such person has:

                            (i)  sole power to vote or to direct the vote: none

                           (ii)  shared power to vote or to direct the vote:
                                 1,051,000

                          (iii)  sole power to dispose or to direct the
                                 disposition of: none

                           (iv)  shared power to dispose or to direct
                                 disposition of:  1,051,000

Item 5     Ownership of Five Percent or Less of a Class:

                    Not Applicable

Item 6     Ownership of More than Five Percent on Behalf of Another Person:

                    The shares reported herein have been acquired on behalf of
                    discretionary clients of WAM, including Acorn. Persons other
                    than WAM and WAM LTD. are entitled to receive all dividends
                    from, and proceeds from the sale of, those shares. Acorn is
                    the only such person known to be entitled to receive all
                    dividends from, and all proceeds from the sale of, shares
                    reported herein to the extent more than 5% of the class.

Item 7     Identification and Classification of the Subsidiary Which Acquired
           the Security Being Reported on by the Parent Holding Company:

                    Not Applicable

Item 8     Identification and Classification of Members of the Group:

                    Not Applicable

Item 9     Notice of Dissolution of Group:

                    Not Applicable



                               Page 6 of 8 pages
<PAGE>
 
Item 10        Certification:

                    By signing below I certify that, to the best of my knowledge
               and belief, the securities referred to above were acquired in the
               ordinary course of business and were not acquired for the purpose
               of and do not have the effect of changing or influencing the
               control of the issuer of such securities and were not acquired in
               connection with or as a participant in any transaction having
               such purpose or effect.



                               Page 7 of 8 pages
<PAGE>
 
                                   Signature
                                   ---------

     After reasonable inquiry and to the best of my knowledge and belief, I
certify that the information set forth in this statement is true, complete and
correct.

Date:  February 6, 1998

               The undersigned corporation, on the date above written, agrees
               and consents to the joint filing on its behalf of this Schedule
               13G in connection with its beneficial ownership of the security
               reported herein.

                                 WANGER ASSET MANAGEMENT, LTD.
                                  for itself and as general partner of
                                  WANGER ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.

                                 By: /s/   Bruce H. Lauer
                                     ----------------------------------  
                                           Bruce H. Lauer
                                           Vice President

               The undersigned, on the date above written, agrees and consents
               to the joint filing on its behalf of this Schedule 13G in
               connection with its beneficial ownership of the security reported
               herein.

                                 ACORN INVESTMENT TRUST



                                 By: /s/ Bruce H. Lauer
                                     ---------------------------------- 
                                         Bruce H. Lauer
                                         Vice President and Treasurer



                               Page 8 of 8 pages



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