UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark one)
X Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
- -------- Exchange Act of 1934 for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 1998
OR
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
- -------- Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number 0-21180
CELLEGY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
California 82-0429727
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
349 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 200, South San Francisco, California 94080
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (zip code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (650) 616-2200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None None
(Title of each class) (Name of each exchange on which registered)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock no par value
Common Stock Purchase Warrants
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
YES X NO
------- -------
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K.
Registrant's revenues for the year ended December 31, 1998 were $831,720.
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
Registrant as of March 16, 1999 was $34,058,415 (based on the closing price for
the Common Stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market on such date). This calculation does
not include a determination that persons are affiliates or non-affiliates for
any other purpose.
The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 16, 1999 was
10,173,294.
Documents Incorporated By Reference
The information called for by Part III is incorporated by reference to the
definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company
to be held May 20, 1999, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission not later than 120 days after December 31, 1998.
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CELLEGY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page
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Part I
Item 1 BUSINESS ............................................................................................ 1
Item 2 PROPERTIES .......................................................................................... 15
Item 3 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ................................................................................... 15
Item 4 SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS ................................................. 15
Item 4a EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT ................................................................ 15
Part II
Item 5 MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS ............................... 18
Item 6 SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA ............................................................................. 19
Item 7 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ............... 20
Item 7a QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK .......................................... 27
Item 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ......................................................... 28
Item 9 CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE ................ 28
Part III
Item 10 DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT .................................................. 28
Item 11 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION .............................................................................. 28
Item 12 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT ...................................... 28
Item 13 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS ...................................................... 28
Part IV
Item 14 EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K .................................... 29
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PART I
ITEM 1: BUSINESS
Overview
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Cellegy" or the "Company"), incorporated in
California in 1989, is a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the development of
prescription drugs and high performance cosmeceutical products. The Company's
products are all designed to be applied topically to address systemic medical
conditions or skin diseases and other local conditions.
Cellegy's most advanced prescription product candidates include
Anogesic(R), a nitroglycerin-based product for the treatment of anal fissures
and hemorrhoids, and a transdermal testosterone gel for the treatment of male
hypogonadism, a condition that frequently results in lethargy and reduced libido
in men above the age of 40. Anogesic is currently undergoing a multi-center
Phase III clinical trial in the United States for the treatment of chronic anal
fissures. Cellegy's other prescription product, Glylorin(TM) (monolaurin), is a
novel topical treatment for ichthyosis vulgaris and other severe dry skin
conditions. In March 1999, Cellegy and Glaxo Wellcome Inc. ("Glaxo") announced
their intention to terminate an existing license agreement with respect to
Glylorin, thereby returning product rights to Cellegy.
In addition to prescription drugs, Cellegy is testing and developing a line
of non-prescription cosmeceutical products which the Company believes will help
reverse the signs of skin aging and address the skin care needs of an affluent
and aging population. Cellegy's cosmeceutical products are expected to be
marketed to dispensing dermatologists, cosmetic surgeons and prestige department
stores by a separately established company, Cellisis Cosmeceuticals, Inc.
The Company's principal technologies consist of CELLEDIRM and PERMEATE.
CELLEDIRM is a group of compounds identified by Cellegy's scientists and found
in preclinical evaluations to reduce or eliminate irritation caused by many
substances that come into contact with the skin. The Company's CELLEDIRM
technology is currently being developed as an adjunct to its PERMEATE technology
to mitigate skin irritation problems associated with transdermal drug delivery.
Cellegy also believes that its CELLEDIRM technology can be used to develop a
wide range of improved prescription and non-prescription products for the
treatment of dermatological conditions, and can improve the performance of
cosmeceutical products that are intended to enhance the appearance of the skin.
PERMEATE is a patented topical drug delivery system which has been found in
preclinical evaluations to permit delivery of larger or insoluble drugs into the
blood stream or into the skin itself.
The Company has not yet completed the commercial development of any of its
prescription drug candidates. It has completed development of a line of
cosmeceutical products that it intends to commercialize in 1999. In 1998, the
Company began selling an intensive moisturizer formulation for inclusion in a
final product marketed by Bath and Body Works, a specialty retailer. There is no
certainty that such sales will continue or that the Company's other
cosmeceutical products will be commercialized within the expected time frame, if
ever. In addition, the Company's business involves many other risks and
uncertainties that could affect the Company's future financial position or
results of operations. For further information regarding some of those factors,
see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations - Factors That May Affect Future Operating Results."
This Annual Report includes forward-looking statements. Words such as
"believes," "anticipates," "expects," "intends" and similar expressions are
intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means
of identifying such statements. These forward-looking statements concern matters
that involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those set
forth below, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in
the forward-looking statements. The matters set forth below should be carefully
considered when evaluating the Company's business and prospects.
Marketing and Commercialization Strategy
Cellegy intends to become a leader in the field of transdermal drug
delivery and in the development and marketing of specialty pharmaceutical and
cosmeceutical products that are applied to the skin. Key elements of its
business and commercialization strategy include the following:
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Lower Risk Strategy for Selecting Product Candidates for Development. The
Company does not intend to focus its near-term product development efforts on
new chemical entities. Instead, the Company will focus on applying its
proprietary technologies in the development of:
(1) new or improved uses of topical and transdermal formulations of Food
and Drug Administration ("FDA") containing approved or monographed
pharmaceutical compounds. In all cases, Cellegy will attempt to achieve
marketing exclusivity or patent protection for such products;
(2) new cosmeceutical products that address the skin care needs of an
increasing number of affluent middle-aged and older people;
(3) new products, or sale of CELLEDIRM-based products, to corporate
partners;
(4) topical or transdermal formulations of new chemical entities in
partnership with pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies.
Self Marketing to Specialty Physician and Dermatology Markets in U.S.
Cellegy plans to market Anogesic and related products to a group of key
physician specialists, either through the utilization of contract sales
representatives or through the establishment of its own sales force. The Company
plans to seek the support of a larger pharmaceutical company to assist in the
promotion of these products to a broader physician audience. Cellegy also plans
to retain exclusive or co-promotion rights in the United States to the
dermatological and cosmeceutical products it develops, while outlicensing rights
for other uses.
Outlicensing of Overseas Rights. The Company will initially pursue a policy
of outlicensing the overseas rights for products it develops in exchange for
upfront payments, royalties and/or product rights.
Leveraging of Corporate Alliances. Cellegy plans to enter into strategic
alliances with established pharmaceutical companies for the development of
certain products. These alliances generally will provide research or clinical
funding and other support during the product development process. Cellegy's
partners generally will provide established and trained marketing and sales
forces. Cellegy generally will attempt to retain commercial rights to
dermatological and other specialty pharmaceutical uses of products developed
under partner sponsored research collaborations.
Acquisition of Complementary Products. Although Cellegy is focusing
primarily on the development of its own products and technologies, the Company
may opportunistically acquire products, technologies or companies with products
and distribution capabilities consistent with its commercial objectives.
Currently Marketed Products
High Performance Skin Care Products
The Company has completed development of certain consumer skin care and
non-prescription products, including skin barrier repairing/fortifying
moisturizers, skin protectant and anti-irritant lotions and creams. The Company
is continuing to develop formulations in other related skin care consumer
product categories. These products utilize certain of the Company's proprietary
formulations. These formulations were tested for their moisturizing properties
in humans compared with a leading commercial product. Results showed that the
Cellegy formulations had more than a 50% higher moisturization effect 12 hours
after application than the product tested.
The Company has incorporated this technology in a number of skin care
formulations and is currently marketing one such formulation to specialty
retailer Bath and Body Works, which incorporates them into their intensive
moisturizing hand cream products. Cellegy revenues from sales of these products
totaled $458,000 in 1998.
Cellegy intends to expand the sale of such formulations to other specialty
retailers which may market them under their own brand names through traditional,
non-physician retail channels.
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Products Under Development
Prescription Products
Anogesic
The Company's leading product candidate is Anogesic, a topical prescription
product for the treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids. Anogesic is a
unique, nitroglycerin-based product which, based on published studies of trials
in over 400 patients, appears to effectively heal anal fissures and is capable
of dramatically reducing the pain of hemorrhoids. In a clinical study published
in The Lancet it was shown that nitroglycerin promotes healing in over
two-thirds of patients who would have required rectal surgery. The Company
commenced a pivotal Phase III clinical trial for anal fissures in 1998 and
expects to complete this study in 1999. In addition, Cellegy plans to initiate
trials for complications of hemorrhoids in 1999.
Anal fissures are painful tears in the tissue of the anal mucosa and are
common conditions affecting men and women of all age groups. Of the
approximately 600,000 new cases of anal fissures each year in the U.S., Europe
and Japan, approximately half require painful and expensive surgery, a procedure
that sometimes leaves patients incontinent. A thrombosed external hemorrhoid is
a dilated, swollen vein at the margin of the anus, resulting from clotting blood
formed within the dilated external hemorrhoidal veins. In the United States
alone, there are approximately nine million people who suffer from hemorrhoids
each year.
Current drug therapies include anesthetics and anti-inflammatory agents
that only partially relieve the symptoms of these conditions. Even though
current treatments are only partially effective, sales of prescription products
currently used to treat anal fissures and hemorrhoids have been estimated to be
approximately $500 million in the United States, Europe and Japan. Surgical
procedures and hospitalization stays related to these conditions represent a
substantial additional cost to the healthcare systems.
Anogesic is a proprietary formulation that includes nitroglycerin, a drug
that has been used for many years in the treatment of certain heart diseases.
Once administered, nitroglycerin causes relaxation of the sphincter muscle,
which rapidly relieves pain and promotes the healing of the anal fissure or
hemorrhoid. Anogesic is protected by two broad U.S. patents, both of which have
been issued, the most recent in December 1997. In addition, numerous patent
applications have been filed in all major overseas markets.
The Company expects that the Phase III trials will generate the data
required to pursue regulatory submission in the United States, and potentially,
Europe. The clinical trials will include about 350 patients in several study
centers in the United States. Patients receive one of three strengths of
Anogesic or placebo. The product is administered on a daily basis until the
patient's fissure is cured, up to a maximum administration period of eight
weeks. The patient will then be observed for an additional 30-day period to
determine whether any relapse occurs. Cellegy currently expects that the Phase
III clinical trials for the fissure indication will be completed in 1999.
Testosterone Gel (male hormone replacement therapy)
The Company is currently developing a transdermal testosterone gel to
address male hypogonadism (or andropause), a condition which results from a
decline in the body's production of the sex hormone testosterone. Low levels of
testosterone can result in lethargy, depression and a decline in libido. In
severely deficient cases, loss of muscle and bone mass can occur. Approximately
5 million men in the United States, primarily in the aging (over 40) male
population group, have lower than normal levels of testosterone. Hypogonadism is
the first indication for which the Company will seek regulatory approval in the
U.S.
There are a number of companies currently marketing testosterone in several
different product forms in domestic and certain international markets. Cellegy
believes that a major market opportunity exists for an improved product, as the
side effects and patient inconveniences associated with the currently marketed
products have limited their use to less than 5% of potential patients. Current
product forms include orals, injectables and transdermal patches.
Cellegy's patchless testosterone gel will incorporate the Company's
CELLEDIRM technology. The gel product is expected to permit a once-a-day
application of a metered dose to a small area of the skin without the irritation
associated with current patch products. The current gel appears to be
transparent, rapid drying and non-staining.
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Based on preclinical studies to date, the Company believes its proprietary
transdermal gel formulation is capable of delivering therapeutic levels of
testosterone with reduced side effects and in a more convenient dosage form
compared with other currently marketed products. Preclinical and human
pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated transdermal testosterone delivery into the
bloodstream at levels comparable to a leading patch product.
The Company has commenced a pharmacokinetic study at two prominent U.S.
medical centers. If the study is successful, Phase III human trials for the
treatment of hypogonadism are planned for late 1999. The Company believes that
due to well-documented toxicology and efficacy data regarding the use of
testosterone, regulatory approval of its transdermal testosterone gel may be
achieved more quickly than would normally be associated with a new chemical
entity.
Glylorin
Glylorin is a product developed by Dr. Carl Thornfeldt, Cellegy's founder
and Chairman. The product is being developed for skin conditions which range
from mild to severe ichthyosis vulgaris ("IV") and other severe dry skin
conditions. In November 1996, Cellegy licensed Glylorin to Glaxo. In March 1999,
Cellegy and Glaxo announced their agreement in principle to terminate the
license agreement, at the request of Cellegy, with the return to Cellegy of
Glylorin product rights. Cellegy will seek another partner to complete clinical
development and regulatory approval of Glylorin in return for specifically
defined geographic marketing rights, once it reacquires the product rights from
Glaxo. If Cellegy is unable to find another corporate partner to develop
Glylorin, it is not currently anticipated that Glylorin will be further
developed by Cellegy, and the product may therefore not be commercialized.
Congenital Primary Ichthyosis
Ichthyosis is a family of related incurable skin diseases characterized by
a severe scaling of the skin that frequently affects large areas of the body. In
all forms of ichthyosis, skin cells form a rigid, thick surface layer of scales
that often discolor and crack. Congenital primary ichthyosis (CPI) is a group of
the most severe and debilitating forms of ichthyosis, affecting all age and
ethnic groups. Approximately 100,000 people in the United States and at least an
equal number of persons outside the United States are afflicted with CPI.
Glylorin has been granted Orphan Drug status by the FDA for the treatment of
this condition.
In March 1998, the Company announced the results of a double-blind, placebo
controlled Phase III clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Glylorin in
non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma ("n-CIE"), a form of CPI.
Utilizing the statistical method established in the original protocol for the
trial, Glylorin did not show a statistical difference compared with the vehicle
(placebo) in improving scaling, the primary outcome endpoint. However, the
investigators' global assessment scores showed that 43% of the patients improved
overall by more than 50% over time compared with only 19% of those receiving the
vehicle. Moreover, when all the observations of each patient over the 12-week
study were analyzed using a different statistical method, a significant
improvement compared with the vehicle was observed for some outcome variables,
including scaling at all timepoints. While the results of the study were
encouraging overall, Cellegy has determined that it will not pursue the CPI
indication at this time.
Ichthyosis Vulgaris
In 1998, Glaxo completed a Phase II clinical trial for the treatment of
Ichthyosis Vulgaris, a milder form of ichthyosis which afflicts approximately
one million people in the United States and a similar number in Europe. The
disease is characterized by severe dry skin and scaling (although not as thick
as the scaling present in CPI). Lac-Hydrin, the only currently approved
prescription product for the treatment of IV, has certain side effects,
including irritation and stinging on thinner skin areas such as the face. In
addition, the product is not indicated for pediatric use. The results of the
Phase II study, which were announced in August 1998, showed that Glylorin was
able to completely clear 56% of the lesions treated, whereas only 33% of the
lesions treated with the vehicle were cleared. Based on these results, the
Company and Glaxo prepared a proposed Phase III clinical trial protocol which
was discussed with, and approved in principle by, the FDA late in 1998.
Testosterone Gel (female hormone replacement therapy)
In women, the ovaries and adrenal glands continue to synthesize
testosterone after menopause, although the rate of production may diminish by as
much as 50%. Normal blood concentrations of testosterone in women range from
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10 to 20 times less than that of men. Nevertheless, in both sexes, testosterone
plays a key role in building muscle or bone tissue, and the maintenance of
sexual drive.
Cellegy's testosterone gel product (for the treatment of male hypogonadism)
is being designed so that the dose can be readily reduced and customized to
restore normal testosterone levels in women. The Company believes that this
change may be accomplished by reducing the amount of gel delivered via a metered
dose without a significant change in the product formulation. Thus, the Company
believes that the same formulation can be developed and tested for use in both
hypogonadism and menopause. Clinical studies for this indication are planned to
commence once the initial studies in hypogonadal males are completed.
Estrogen-Testosterone Gel (female hormone replacement therapy)
Cellegy's third planned product in the area of hormone replacement therapy
is a combination estrogen-testosterone gel which utilizes the Company's
proprietary drug delivery technologies to restore the natural levels of both
hormones in elderly or menopausal women. The Company believes that this product
may offer significant advantages over the patches in terms of reduced side
effects and patient convenience. The combination formulation is in the research
stage with clinical trials planned following development of the mono-therapy
testosterone products.
Cosmeceutical Products
Cosmeceuticals (a hybrid of the words cosmetics and pharmaceuticals) are
products that contain active ingredients which, when applied to the skin, will
enhance appearance. Cosmeceuticals that satisfy the legal definition of a
cosmetic under the Food Drug & Cosmetic Act, and that are not also drugs under
that statute, are not subject to the same FDA regulations as drug products. Such
cosmeceuticals may be marketed to consumers without prior approval by the FDA
and without requiring a prescription from a physician. Cellegy also intends to
use its formulation expertise to improve existing non-prescription topical
medications.
Anti-Wrinkling Products *
The Company's core cosmeceutical program, includes anti-wrinkling products
which, based on human studies to date, appear to mitigate the visible effects of
photoaging and skin wrinkling. Cellegy's anti-wrinkling products will be
included in a line of products that the Company believes has a different
mechanism of action which is expected to produce greater improvement to the
skin's appearance and cause less irritation than current market leading
products.
Signs of aging and photoaging usually become visible when people reach
their early thirties, with fine lines and roughness, loss of suppleness and
elasticity of the skin becoming apparent. In subsequent decades, there is
further deterioration marked by coarse wrinkles, spotty irregular pigmentation,
leathery texture or thinning of the skin. Many of the skin changes associated
with aging are due to ultraviolet light exposure, referred to as "photoaging."
At the retail level, the non-prescription market for products which are used to
mitigate the effects of aging and photodamage upon the skin is estimated to be
in excess of $1 billion in annual sales in the United States and growing at
approximately 14% per year. The current high performance cosmeceutical
anti-wrinkling market in the United States consists of a few broad categories of
products, utilizing the following active ingredients: alpha and beta hydroxy
acids, retinols and anti-oxidants.
Many of the currently marketed department store cosmeceutical products
contain low concentrations of one or more of the above mentioned active
ingredients and, to the Company's knowledge, their efficacy has not generally
been supported by clinical studies. Low concentrations of the active ingredients
are frequently employed in order to avoid side effects which can include
stinging, redness and skin irritation, which generally increase with the
concentration of the active ingredient used. However, the low concentrations of
the active ingredient generally limit the efficacy of the products. Most of the
cosmeceutical lines marketed to physicians contain higher concentrations of
actives, yet the formulations are not substantiated by clinical study results.
Cellegy's high performance anti-wrinkling products incorporate CELLEDIRM,
together with an active ingredient having multi-action capability exhibiting
many of the attributes of several of the active cosmeceutical ingredients listed
above. Certain human studies already completed and others in progress may
provide stronger
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comparative measurement data versus certain leading cosmeceutical products. If
development continues successfully, the Company believes the product line could
be available for launch in 1999. The products are planned to be marketed and
distributed by Cellisis Cosmeceuticals Inc., a company recently established by
Cellegy. Marketing efforts will be focused on the professional market segment
(dermatologists, cosmetic and plastic surgeons), as well as the prestige
department store market segment, capitalizing on the Company's research and
human studies and its expertise in skin biology.
* References in this Report to "anti-wrinkling," "anti-wrinkling products" or
the "anti-wrinkling market" are intended to refer to a product category that the
Company believes is generally understood in the marketplace or to products in
that category, and are not intended to describe any claims that the Company's
cosmeceutical products act in any way other than as cosmetics as defined under
applicable laws. The term "cosmeceuticals" refers to products that, if they
satisfy the definition of a cosmetic under applicable federal laws and if they
are not also drugs under those laws, are not subject to the same requirements as
drug products. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations - Factors That May Affect Future Operating Results --
Possible FDA Regulation of Cosmeceutical Products as Drugs" and "Government
Regulation."
Technology
Background in Skin Biology
Cellegy's technologies and products have been developed based on its
research in skin biology and knowledge of the physical functions of the skin,
particularly the epidermis. The epidermis is comprised mainly of cells known as
keratinocytes that are continually regenerated and move toward the skin surface
where they flatten, lose their nucleus, and become the outermost layer of the
epidermis, the stratum corneum. The stratum corneum acts as a protective barrier
against physical injuries and disease, and regulates the loss of moisture from
the body. It consists of an array of flattened cells suspended in highly
organized lipid structures, similar conceptually to a brick and mortar
arrangement. Most importantly, these lipids regulate the permeability properties
of the skin and, therefore, the movement of topically applied drugs into the
body.
In addition to its physical role as barrier, the epidermis is biologically
active, capable of initiating a full inflammatory reaction (characterized by
redness and swelling). Normally, this process is a protective reaction in
response to various noxious stimuli such as sunlight, irritants or mechanical
injury (i.e., abrasions and burns). The same reaction, however, can result
following the topical application of many drugs.
Similarly, certain dermatologic diseases can also be linked to
environmental influences. Psoriasis, for example, which is characterized by
inflammation and accelerated growth of the epidermis, can sometimes be triggered
by a simple cut or abrasion to the skin. Nonetheless, despite material
differences in appearance and symptoms, this disease and the other inflammatory
reactions described above all share fundamental similarities in the underlying
biological processes mediated by the epidermis.
Core Technology
Cellegy's focus on the biological functioning of the skin has permitted
development of two novel technologies: (i) CELLEDIRM, which appears to be
capable of mitigating the irritation and inflammation caused when drugs,
solvents and other substances come into contact with the skin, and (ii)
PERMEATE, which appears to be capable of enhancing the delivery of drugs applied
to the skin for systemic delivery or for the treatment of local skin conditions.
CELLEDIRM Technology
CELLEDIRM (Cellegy's Dermal Inflammatory Response Modulators) is a group of
compounds identified by Cellegy's scientists that have been found to be capable
of reducing the inflammation associated with the topical application of drugs,
solvents or other physiologically active substances. These compounds consist of
specially processed or purified excipients that have been shown in preclinical
studies to significantly reduce skin inflammation following challenge with a
number of irritating or allergenic substances.
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The Company has conducted a number of research studies investigating the
utility of CELLEDIRM in mitigating the symptoms of skin inflammation. These
compounds have been shown to reduce inflammation by up to 40% in animal models
challenged with either a potent irritant or an allergen. These effects are
comparable to those achieved with topical corticosteroids.
The Company expects its proprietary CELLEDIRM technology to complement its
PERMEATE drug delivery system and to provide a unique platform for the
development of novel topical products which could benefit from the
anti-inflammatory or anti-allergic activities of CELLEDIRM. Since the active
ingredients within CELLEDIRM are either GRAS (generally regarded as safe) or
used as excipients in various pharmaceutical or cosmetic products, the Company
believes the use of these compounds will not lengthen the United States Food and
Drug Administration ("FDA") review time of therapeutic drug products in which
they are used. Accordingly, the Company plans to utilize these compounds in the
development of its testosterone product and certain other prescription and
cosmeceutical products.
PERMEATE Technology
PERMEATE is a patented technology which employs bioactive permeation
enhancers to permit the passage of larger molecule drugs into or through the
skin. This technology consists of a variety of methods to manipulate the three
primary lipids which characterize the properties of the stratum corneum:
cholesterol, ceramides and free fatty acids. Normal barrier function requires a
specific critical ratio of these three lipids. The Company has shown that its
newly identified enhancers can alter these lipid ratios to increase the
permeability of the skin by inhibiting specific enzymes responsible for the
synthesis of these lipids, or by inducing defects in the rigid lipid structures
of the stratum corneum.
Cellegy's PERMEATE system has the potential of being able to open the
stratum corneum barrier wider than previously believed possible, and to keep it
open longer than conventional solvent approaches. This has been found in
preclinical studies to facilitate the permeation of larger or more insoluble
drugs into the skin or into the bloodstream. Cellegy's studies to date have also
shown that these enhancers can exert their effect when formulated as topical
creams or gels or in conventional transdermal patches.
The Company's research findings include the evaluation of selected PERMEATE
systems in conjunction with the following drugs: testosterone, vasopressin,
luteinizing hormone releasing hormone ("LHRH"), lidocaine, cimetidine,
hydrocortisone and caffeine. Two of these compounds (LHRH and vasopressin),
delivered using the Company's PERMEATE technology, are peptides which, to the
Company's knowledge, have never before been delivered transdermally using
conventional solvent technologies. The molecular weights of LHRH and vasopressin
(approximately 1000 and 1200, respectively) are significantly greater than the
(approximately 400 molecular weight) molecular weights of drugs delivered using
currently approved transdermal patches. Because of other priorities, Cellegy
does not expect to undertake significant research and development on PERMEATE
during 1999.
Product Opportunities
Prescription Products
Cellegy seeks to capitalize on its knowledge of skin biology to develop
treatments for a wide range of conditions which can be addressed by the topical
application of prescription drugs. This includes the incorporation of CELLEDIRM
to complement the anti-inflammatory activity of known drugs including
corticosteriods.
Consumer and Cosmeceutical Products
Cellegy researchers are developing consumer and cosmeceutical products that
fortify the protective function of the skin barrier and may improve the skin's
ability to protect against environmental and occupational skin damage, thus
preventing and/or reversing the signs of aging. Studies conducted to date by
Cellegy and its collaborators suggest that these products may help alleviate
inflamed skin conditions, as well as help reverse signs of photoaging, including
fine lines, roughness, irregular pigmentation and wrinkling.
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Drug Delivery Applications
Transdermal delivery involves the topical administration of drugs to the
skin for the treatment of systemic diseases or localized skin conditions,
generally using patches. Transdermal delivery systems may offer significant
advantages over many conventional oral dosage forms and most parenteral
(injectable) dosage forms. Those advantages include increased convenience, less
pain (compared to injections), improved patient compliance, and potentially
reduced side effects. Transdermal delivery systems can also offer certain
advantages to pharmaceutical companies, including brand extension, product
differentiation and additional patent protection.
Transdermal delivery has historically been limited to those drugs which are
small in size, highly potent and can easily penetrate the skin due to their
physical and chemical characteristics. Specifically, the Company believes that
drugs with molecular weights larger than 400, or those drugs requiring daily
doses greater than five milligrams or that are too lipid soluble, will be
difficult to deliver transdermally with currently marketed systems. Although
many companies have experimented with different transdermal drug delivery
methods, they have enjoyed only limited success. Of all the prescription drugs
in the United States, less than ten drugs are currently approved by the FDA for
transdermal administration. Although reasonably successful compared with other
non-oral routes of drug administration (for example, nasal, implants or
liposomal-based systems), transdermal delivery has proved more difficult than
initially anticipated.
The principal reason for the limited number of transdermal products relates
to irritation caused by solvents designed to ease the passage of drugs through
the skin. These solvents dissolve the lipid-rich stratum corneum membranes,
while many also damage the keratinocytes, permitting the passage of the
therapeutic agent into the lower levels of the skin, where it can be absorbed
into the bloodstream. However, the interaction of the solvents with the
metabolically active stratum corneum and the resulting inflammatory responses
have been greater than anticipated. Several currently marketed transdermal
patches utilize these solvents with, in many cases, high incidence of adverse
skin reactions.
Recent efforts to expand the number and type of drugs delivered
transdermally include the use of iontophoresis (mild electrical charges) or
ultrasound waves in order to help drive the drug through the skin. While these
approaches may prove successful for a few drugs, the Company believes that the
resulting inflammatory skin reactions and higher product costs are likely to
limit the use of these techniques.
With the advent of biotechnology, the discovery and development of larger
molecular size drugs (including proteins, peptides and oligonucleotides) has
increased significantly. As many of these potentially breakthrough new drugs are
amenable only to injectable administration, the Company believes that
transdermal methods to deliver these products represent an increasingly large
commercial opportunity. Cellegy's approach to this challenge has been to develop
novel technologies which (i) do not rely on solvent permeation enhancers, (ii)
increase the size of molecules deliverable through the skin and (iii) mitigate
skin irritation.
The Company's research and development expenses were $6,668,000 in 1998,
$3,788,000 in 1997, and $2,712,000 in 1996. See "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation."
Patents and Trade Secrets
The Company's success depends, in part, on its ability to obtain patent
protection for its products and methods, both in the United States and in other
countries. The patent position of companies engaged in businesses such as the
Company's business generally is uncertain and involves complex legal and factual
questions. There is a substantial backlog of patent applications at the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO"). Patents in the United States are issued
to the party that is first to invent the claimed invention. Since patent
applications in the United States are maintained in secrecy until patents issue,
the Company cannot be certain that it was the first inventor of the invention
covered by its pending patent applications or patents or that it was the first
to file patent applications for such inventions. Further, issued patents can
later be held invalid by the patent office issuing the patent or by a court.
There can be no assurance that any patent applications relating to the Company's
products or methods will issue as patents, or, if issued, that the patents will
not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented or that the rights granted
thereunder will provide a competitive advantage to the Company. In addition,
many other entities are engaged in research and product development efforts in
drug delivery, skin biology and cosmeceutical fields that may overlap
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with the Company's currently anticipated and future products. A substantial
number of patents have been issued to such companies, and such companies may
have filed applications for, or may have been issued patents or may obtain
additional patents and proprietary rights relating to, products or processes
competitive with those of the Company. Such entities may currently have, or may
obtain in the future, legally blocking proprietary rights, including patent
rights, in one or more products or methods under development or consideration by
the Company. These rights may prevent the Company from commercializing
technology, or may require the Company to obtain a license from the entity to
practice the technology. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able
to obtain any such licenses that may be required on commercially reasonable
terms, if at all, or that the patents underlying any such licenses will be valid
or enforceable. Moreover, the laws of certain foreign countries do not protect
intellectual property rights relating to United States patents as extensively as
those rights are protected in the United States. The issuance of a patent in one
country does not assure the issuance of a patent with similar claims in another
country, and claim interpretation and infringement laws vary among countries, so
the extent of any patent protection is uncertain and may vary in different
countries. As with other companies in the pharmaceutical industry, the Company
is subject to the risk that persons located in such countries will engage in
development, marketing or sales activities of products that would infringe the
Company's patent rights if such activities were in the United States.
Several of the Company's products are based on existing compounds with a
history of use in humans but which are being developed by the Company for new
therapeutic use in skin diseases unrelated to the systemic diseases for which
the compounds were previously approved. The Company cannot obtain composition
patent claims on the compound itself, and will instead need to rely on patent
claims, if any, directed to use of the compound to treat certain conditions or
to specific formulations. The Company will not be able to prevent a competitor
from using that formulation or compound for a different purpose. No assurance
can be given that any additional patents will be issued to the Company, that the
protection of any patents that may be issued in the future will be significant,
or that current or future patents will be held valid if subsequently challenged.
The agreements with the University of California pursuant to which the
Company has exclusive license rights to certain barrier repair and drug delivery
and other technology contain certain development and performance milestones
which the Company must satisfy in order to retain such rights. While the Company
currently believes it will be able to satisfy the revised milestone dates, a
loss of rights to these technologies could have a material adverse effect on the
Company.
As of the end of March 1999, the Company has 16 issued United States
patents, more than 35 issued foreign patents, and over 70 pending patent
applications. The majority of these patents are for the use of certain compounds
to treat common or severe inflammatory dermatologic diseases including
dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea and acne, as well as disorders such as various
ichthyoses, signs and symptoms of skin aging and premalignant actinic keratoses.
Three issued United States patents and 22 issued foreign patents relate to the
Company's Glylorin product for the treatment of ichthyosis and certain other
skin diseases and conditions. Two issued United States patents and more than 10
pending patent applications relate to the Company's Anogesic(R) product for the
treatment of anal fissures. Two issued United States patents and 8 pending
patent applications relate to the Company's PERMEATE drug delivery technology,
and one issued United States patent and 5 issued foreign patents relate to the
barrier repair technology licensed from the University of California. Additional
patent applications are being prepared for filing that will cover methods or
products currently under development. Corresponding patent applications for most
of the Company's issued United States patents have been filed in countries of
importance to the Company located in major world markets, including certain
countries in Europe, Australia, South Korea, Japan, Mexico and Canada.
Federal patent law provides that for any inventions that have been
developed with government funding that are the subject of a license, the
government has the right to require the assignor or the licensee to grant a
license to third parties upon the occurrence of certain events, such as if the
government determines that no effective steps have been taken to achieve
practical application of the invention, or if health or safety needs or
requirements for public use are not reasonably satisfied.
The Company's policy is to protect its technology by, among other things,
filing patent applications for technology that it considers important to the
development of its business. The Company intends to file additional patent
applications, when appropriate, relating to its technology, improvements to its
technology and to specific products that it develops. It is impossible to
anticipate the breadth or degree of protection that any such patents will
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afford, or whether the Company can meaningfully protect its rights to its
unpatented trade secrets. The Company also relies upon unpatented trade secrets
and know-how, and no assurance can be given that others will not independently
develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques, or
otherwise gain access to the Company's trade secrets or disclose such
technology, or that the Company can meaningfully protect its rights to its
unpatented trade secrets. It is the Company's policy to require its employees to
execute an invention assignment and confidentiality agreement upon employment.
Cellegy's consultants are required to execute a confidentiality agreement upon
the commencement of their consultancy to the Company. Each agreement provides
that all confidential information developed or made known to the employee or
consultant during the course of employment or consultancy will be kept
confidential and not disclosed to third parties except in specific
circumstances. The invention assignment generally provides that all inventions
conceived by the employee shall be the exclusive property of the Company. In
addition, it is the Company's policy to require the collaborators and potential
collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no
assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for
the Company's trade secrets.
Product Acquisitions
In December 1997, the Company acquired patent and related intellectual
property rights relating to Anogesic (the "Agreement"), a topical product
candidate for the treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids from Neptune
Pharmaceutical Corporation. Pursuant to the Agreement and a subsequent letter of
intent between the parties, the Company issued 462,809 shares of Common Stock to
Neptune in 1997. The Agreement calls for a series of additional payments,
payable in shares of Common Stock, upon successful completion of various
milestones which, if achieved, would occur over the next several years. The
Agreement does not provide for the payment by the Company of any future product
royalties in connection with sales of Anogesic.
Principal License Agreements
Glaxo. In November 1996, the Company entered into an agreement with Glaxo
for licensing rights to Glylorin, Cellegy's lipid compound for the treatment of
ichthyosis. Under the terms of the agreement, Cellegy provided Glaxo with an
exclusive license of patent rights and know-how covering Glylorin in most of the
world's major markets. In exchange for this license, Cellegy received from Glaxo
an initial license fee. Since the signing of the agreement and through December
31, 1998, the Company had recognized total revenues of approximately $1.3
million relating to licensing fees and development funding under the agreement.
In March 1999, Cellegy and Glaxo announced their intention to terminate the
license agreement with the return to Cellegy of Glylorin product rights.
University of California. In October 1993, the Company entered into a
license agreement with the University of California (the "Licensor") providing
for an exclusive, worldwide, royalty bearing license, subject to customary
government rights, for patent rights relating to barrier repair formulations
jointly held by the Licensor and the Company, in consideration of the issuance
to the Licensor of certain shares of preferred stock (which subsequently
converted into shares of Common Stock) and the payment by the Company of a
licensing fee. In March 1994, the Company entered into a second exclusive,
worldwide, royalty bearing license agreement with the Licensor for patent
rights, jointly held by the Licensor and Cellegy, relating to drug delivery
technologies, in consideration of the payment by the Company of a licensing fee,
and an annual maintenance fee payable each year until the Company is
commercially selling a licensed product. Both agreements require the Company to
pay the Licensor royalties based on net sales of consumer and prescription
products (with minimum annual royalty payment). The Company has the right to
grant sublicenses to third parties under both agreements. In May and October
1997, the Licensor and the Company amended these agreements. The amendments,
among other things, modified and extended certain development and
commercialization milestones contained in the original agreements. The revised
milestones are tied to the achievement of certain clinical, regulatory or
product commercialization goals over the next several years. Although there can
be no assurance that such goals will be achieved, the Company believes its
development programs in place will result in the satisfaction of such
milestones.
Government Regulation
FDA Requirements for Human Drugs. The research, testing, manufacturing,
labeling, distribution, and marketing of drug products are extensively regulated
by numerous governmental authorities in the United States and
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other countries. In the United States, drugs are subject to rigorous FDA
regulation. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the "FD&C Act") and the regulations
promulgated thereunder, and other federal and state regulations govern, among
other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, distribution,
storage, record keeping, labeling, advertising, promotion and marketing of
pharmaceutical products. The process of developing and obtaining approval for a
new pharmaceutical product within this regulatory framework requires a number of
years and the expenditure of substantial resources. There can be no assurance
that necessary approvals will be obtained on a timely basis, if at all.
Moreover, additional government regulations may be established that could
prevent or delay regulatory approval of the Company's products. Delays in
obtaining regulatory approvals could have a material adverse effect on the
Company. If the Company fails to comply with applicable regulatory requirements
for marketing drugs, or if the Company's cosmeceutical products are deemed to be
drugs by the FDA, the Company could be subject to administrative or judicially
imposed sanctions such as warning letters, fines, products recalls or seizures,
injunctions against production, distribution, sales, or marketing, delays in
obtaining marketing authorizations or the refusal of the government to grant
such approvals, suspensions and withdrawals of previously granted approvals,
civil penalties and criminal prosecution of the Company, its officers or its
employees.
The steps ordinarily required before a new pharmaceutical product may be
marketed in the United States include: (i) preclinical laboratory tests, animal
studies and formulation studies; (ii) the submission to the FDA of an
Investigational New Drug Application ("IND") , which must become effective
before clinical testing may commence; (iii) adequate and well-controlled
clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the product for its
proposed indication; (iv) the submission of a New Drug Application ("NDA") to
the FDA; and (v) FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial sale
or shipment of the drug. Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluation of
product chemistry and formulation, as well as animal studies to assess the
potential safety and functionality of the product. Compounds must be produced
according to the FDA's current Good Manufacturing Practice ("cGMP")
requirements, and preclinical tests must be conducted in compliance with the
FDA's Good Laboratory Practice regulations. The results of preclinical testing
are submitted to the FDA as part of an IND. The FDA may, at any time, impose a
clinical hold on ongoing clinical trials. If the FDA imposes a clinical hold,
clinical trials may not commence or recommence without FDA authorization and
then only under terms authorized by the FDA. In some instances, the IND
application process can result in substantial delay and expense.
Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational product
to healthy volunteers or patients under the supervision of a qualified
investigator. Clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with good clinical
practice ("GCP") requirements under protocols detailing the objectives of the
study, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety and the effectiveness
criteria to be evaluated. Clinical trials to support NDAs are typically
conducted in three sequential phases, which may overlap. In Phase I, the initial
introduction of the drug into healthy human subjects or patients, the drug
generally is tested to assess metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological
action and safety, including side effects associated with increasing doses, and
if possible, to gain early evidence on effectiveness. Phase II usually involves
studies in a limited patient population to (i) determine the efficacy of the
drug for a specific indication, (ii) determine dosage tolerance and optimal
dosage and (iii) identify possible short-term adverse effects and safety risks.
If a compound is found to be effective and to have an acceptable safety profile
in Phase II evaluations, Phase III trials are undertaken to further evaluate
clinical efficacy and to further test for safety within an expanded patient
population at geographically dispersed clinical study sites. A clinical trial
may combine the elements of more than one phase, and typically two or more Phase
III studies are required. There can be no assurance that Phase I, Phase II or
Phase III testing will be completed within any specific time period, if at all,
with respect to any of the Company's products subject to such testing.
New and Abbreviated New Drug Applications. After completion of the required
clinical testing, generally an NDA is submitted. FDA approval of the NDA (or, in
the alternative, an Abbreviated New Drug Application ("ANDA"), as described
below) is required before marketing may begin in the United States. The NDA must
include the results of extensive clinical and other testing and the compilation
of data relating to the product's chemistry, pharmacology and manufacture, the
cost of all of which is substantial. The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before
it accepts them for filing and may request additional information rather than
filing an NDA. In such an event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional
information and, again, is subject to review before filing. The review process
is often extended significantly by FDA requests for additional information or
clarification. The FDA may refer the application to the appropriate advisory
committee, typically a panel of clinicians, for review, evaluation and a
recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. The FDA is not
bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee. During the review process,
the FDA generally will conduct an inspection of the relevant drug manufacturing
facilities and clinical sites to ensure that the facilities are
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in compliance with applicable cGMP and GCP requirements. If FDA evaluations of
the NDA application, manufacturing facilities, and clinical sites are favorable,
the FDA may issue either an approval letter or an approvable letter, which
contains a number of conditions that must be met in order to secure approval of
the NDA. When and if those conditions have been met to the FDA's satisfaction,
the FDA will issue an approval letter, authorizing commercial marketing of the
drug for certain specific indications. If the FDA's evaluation of the NDA
submission or manufacturing facilities is not favorable, the FDA may refuse to
approve the NDA or issue a not approvable letter, outlining the deficiencies in
the submission and often requiring additional testing or information.
Notwithstanding the submission of any requested additional data or information
in response to an approvable or not approvable letter, the FDA ultimately may
decide that the application does not satisfy the regulatory criteria for
approval. Even if FDA approval is obtained, a marketed drug product and its
manufacturer are subject to continual review and inspection, and later discovery
of previously unknown problems with the product or manufacturer may result in
restrictions or sanctions on such product or manufacturer, including withdrawal
of the product from the market. The FDA may also require postmarketing testing
and surveillance programs to continuously monitor the drug's usage and effects.
Side effects resulting from the use of drug products may prevent or limit the
further marketing of products.
Certain of the Company's mid and late term products utilize its drug
delivery technologies formulated with an active ingredient that is included in a
drug product that is already the subject of an NDA approved by the FDA. In
connection with obtaining FDA approval of such Company products which require an
NDA, it is possible in certain instances that clinical and preclinical testing
requirements may not be as extensive. Limited additional data about the safety
or effectiveness of the proposed new drug formulation, along with chemistry and
manufacturing information and public information about the active ingredient,
may be satisfactory for product approval. Consequently, the new product
formulation may receive marketing approval more rapidly than a traditional full
NDA, although there can be no assurance that a product will be granted such
treatment by the FDA.
Once patent and other statutory protections covering a drug approved under
an NDA have expired or have been demonstrated not to apply, a generic equivalent
to that drug may be approved under an ANDA. An ANDA is ordinarily based upon
bioequivalence data that demonstrate that the rate and extent of absorption of
the active drug ingredient of the generic drug, usually measured in the blood
stream, is equivalent to that of the drug approved under an NDA. The
demonstration of bioequivalence and, therefore, ANDA approval, generally
requires less time than safety and efficacy studies and NDA approval.
Until an NDA or ANDA is actually approved, there can be no assurance that
the information requested and submitted will be considered adequate by the FDA
to justify approval. It is impossible to anticipate the amount of time that will
be required to obtain approval from the FDA to market any product.
Possible Regulation of Cosmeceutical Products as Drugs. "Cosmeceuticals"
are not defined in the FD&C Act. The FDA has not defined the term by regulation
and may consider use of the term to imply drug- like qualities. The FDA will
regulate a particular cosmeceutical product as a drug or a cosmetic (or both a
drug and a cosmetic) depending primarily upon the manufacturer's intended use
for such product. Such intent may be determined from labeling, advertising,
promotional and marketing materials, and any other source attributable to the
manufacturer or its employees, representatives or agents. Under the FD&C Act,
drugs are articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation,
treatment or prevention of disease or to affect the structure or function of the
body. By comparison, cosmetic products are defined as articles intended to be
rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on, introduced into or otherwise applied to
the body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering its
appearance. Some products, however, may satisfy the definition of a drug and a
cosmetic, and the FDA has generally regulated as drugs products that are
intended to have a physiological effect on the body, for example, to alter the
skin in more than a temporary way. Unlike drugs, products that constitute
cosmetics (but not drugs as well) under the FD&C Act do not require premarket
review or approval of the FDA, but cosmetics must be safe under normal
conditions of use, and comply with FDA labeling and manufacturing requirements.
Furthermore, the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC"), as well as state and local
authorities, oversees the advertising of cosmetic products and prohibits false,
misleading, deceptive or unsubstantiated advertising. The FTC has the authority
to seek a number of remedies against a company that it believes fails to comply
with its requirements, including, but not limited to, preliminary injunctive
relief.
The Company plans to label, market, promote, advertise and distribute its
cosmeceutical products with claims intended to be within the statutory
definition of cosmetic. There can be no assurance, however, that the FDA will
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not determine that some or all of the Company's cosmeceutical products are
drugs, and are therefore subject to more stringent regulatory oversight,
including premarket approval, based on their intended use or ingredients.
The FDA has at times in the past contended, and may in the future contend,
that one or more cosmeceutical products, including the Company's or competitors'
anti-wrinkling or skin rejuvenating products that are currently marketed or may
in the future be marketed, are not cosmetics but instead are subject to
regulation as drugs. Even if the FDA were not ultimately to prevail with regard
to such a contention, such a claim by the FDA could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's ability to market its proposed cosmeceutical products
and could significantly delay or prohibit marketing of such products. The
inability of the Company to market its proposed cosmeceutical products as
cosmetics without prior FDA approval could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business and financial condition.
OTC Monograph. Most over the counter ("OTC") drug products marketed in the
United States are not subjected to the FD&C Act's premarket approval
requirements. In 1972, the FDA instituted the ongoing OTC Drug Review to
evaluate the safety and effectiveness of OTC drugs then on the market. Through
this process, the FDA issues monographs that set forth the specific active
ingredients, dosages, indications and labeling statements for OTC drugs that the
FDA will consider generally recognized as safe and effective and therefore not
subject to premarket approval. For certain categories of OTC drugs not yet
subject to a final monograph, the FDA usually will not take regulatory action
against such a product unless failure to do so poses a potential health hazard
to consumers. OTC drugs not covered by pending or final OTC monographs, however,
are subject to premarket review and approval by the FDA through the NDA/ANDA
mechanism. Even if the Company seeks FDA approval of a product for OTC consumer
sales, the FDA could instead require that the product be distributed by
prescription only. Such a requirement could delay for several years, or
indefinitely, distribution of the Company's products directly to consumers.
Manufacturing. Each domestic drug manufacturing facility must be registered
with the FDA. Domestic drug and, to a lesser extent, cosmetic manufacturing
establishments are subject to routine inspection by the FDA and other regulatory
authorities and must comply with cGMP requirements (albeit less extensive ones
for cosmetics than for drugs). Drug manufacturing facilities located in
California must be licensed by the State of California in compliance with local
regulatory requirements. The Company intends to use contract manufacturers that
operate in conformance with these requirements to produce its compounds and
finished products in commercial quantities. There can be no assurance that
manufacturing or quality control problems will not arise at the manufacturing
plants of the Company's contract manufacturers or that such manufacturers will
be able to maintain the compliance with the FDA's cGMP requirements necessary to
continue manufacturing the Company's products.
Foreign Regulation of Drugs. Whether or not FDA approval has been obtained,
approval of a product by comparable regulatory authorities may be necessary in
foreign countries before the commencement of marketing of the product in such
countries. The approval procedures vary among countries, can involve additional
testing, and the time required may differ from that required for FDA approval.
Although there are some procedures for unified filings for certain European
countries, in general each country has its own procedures and requirements, many
of which are time consuming and expensive. Thus, there can be substantial delays
in obtaining required approvals from both the FDA and foreign regulatory
authorities after the relevant applications are filed. The Company expects to
rely principally on corporate partners, licensees and contract research
organizations, along with Company expertise, to obtain foreign governmental
approval in foreign countries of drug formulations utilizing its compounds.
Other Government Regulation. In addition to regulations enforced by the
FDA, the Company also is subject to regulation under the Occupational Safety and
Health Act, the Environmental Protection Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act,
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and other similar federal and state
laws regarding, among other things, occupational safety, the use and handling of
radioisotopes, environmental protection and hazardous substance control. In
connection with its research and development activities and any manufacturing of
clinical trial materials in which the Company may engage, the Company is subject
to federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations and policies governing the
use, generation, manufacture, storage, air emission, effluent discharge,
handling and disposal of certain materials and wastes. Although the Company
believes that it has complied with these laws and regulations in all material
respects and has not been required to take any action to correct any
noncompliance, there can be no assurance that the Company will not be required
to incur significant costs to comply with environmental and health and safety
regulations in the future. The Company's research and development involves the
controlled use of hazardous materials, chemicals, and various radioactive
compounds. Although the
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Company believes that its safety procedures for handling and disposing of such
materials comply with the standards prescribed by state and federal regulations,
the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be
completely eliminated. In the event of such an accident, the Company could be
held liable for any damages that result and any such liability could exceed the
resources of the Company. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations - Factors That May Affect Future Operating
Results - Environmental Regulation."
Health Care Reform. In the United States, there have been, and the Company
expects there will continue to be, a number of federal and state proposals to
implement cost controls and other health care regulatory measures. Future
legislation could result in a substantial restructuring of the health care
delivery system. While the Company cannot predict whether any legislative or
regulatory proposals will be adopted or the effect such proposals may have on
its business, the uncertainty of such proposals could have an adverse effect on
the Company's ability to raise capital and to identify and reach agreements with
potential partners, and the adoption of such proposals could have an adverse
effect on the Company. In both domestic and foreign markets, sales of the
Company's therapeutic products, if any, will depend in part on the availability
of reimbursement from third-party payors. Third-party payors and others
increasingly are challenging the prices charged for medical products and
services. There can be no assurance that the Company's products will be
considered cost effective, that reimbursement will be available. The Company
cannot predict the outcome of any government or industry reform initiatives or
the impact thereof on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
Restriction of Physician Marketing. The American Medical Association is
questioning the ethics of physicians selling cosmeceutical products for a
significant profit. Hearings on the motion by state medical organizations are
occurring and will continue to occur over the next years. Mandating sale of
product at cost may reduce the number of physicians selling such products.
Competition
The pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries are subject to rapid and
significant technological change. In the development and marketing of topical
prescription drugs, cosmeceutical and skin care products, and drug delivery
systems, Cellegy faces intense competition. Competitors of the Company in the
United States and abroad are numerous and include, among others, major
pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, consumer product, and biotechnology
companies, specialized firms, universities and other research institutions.
There can be no assurance that the Company's competitors will not succeed in
developing technologies and products that are more effective than any which are
being developed by the Company or that would render the Company's technology and
potential products obsolete and noncompetitive. Many of these competitors have
substantially greater financial and technical resources, production and
marketing capabilities and regulatory experience than the Company. In addition,
many of the Company's competitors have significantly greater experience than the
Company in preclinical testing and human clinical trials of pharmaceutical
products and in obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvals of products for use
in health care. In addition, these companies and academic and research
institutions compete with Cellegy in recruiting and retaining highly qualified
scientific and management personnel.
Employees
As of March 16, 1999, the Company had twenty-seven full-time and three
part-time employees. Ten of these employees, of whom three are M.D.s and another
seven are Ph.D.s, are engaged in research and development. In addition, the
Company utilizes the services of several professional consultants, as well as
contract manufacturing and research organizations to supplement its internal
staff's activities. None of the Company's employees is represented by a labor
union. The Company has experienced no work stoppages and believes that its
employee relations are good.
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ITEM 2: PROPERTIES
The Company currently leases 65,340 square feet of space located in South
San Francisco. Approximately 30,914 square feet of this space, is in turn,
subleased to another company. The sublease expires December 17, 2001, but may be
extended under certain circumstances described in the sublease agreement. Total
rent payments to Cellegy by the sublessee are $63,905.70 per month. The Company
believes its current facilities will be adequate for at least the next five
years.
The Company also subleases its previous administrative offices in Foster
City, California to another company. The rent is currently $11,368.50 per month.
Cellegy's lease and the sublease term expires on July 31, 2000.
ITEM 3: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is not a party to any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 4: SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of the Company's shareholders during
the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 1998.
ITEM 4A: EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
<TABLE>
MANAGEMENT
The directors and executive officers of the Company are as follows:
<CAPTION>
Name Age Position
---- --- --------
<S> <C> <C>
K. Michael Forrest 55 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Carl R. Thornfeldt, M.D. 47 Medical Director and Chairman of the Board
Daniel L. Azarnoff, M.D. 72 Vice President, Clinical and Regulatory Affairs
John J. Chandler 58 Vice President, Business Development
A. Richard Juelis 50 Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Jack L. Bowman (1) 66 Director
Tobi B. Klar, M.D. 44 Director
Alan A. Steigrod (1) 61 Director
Larry J. Wells (2) 56 Director
<FN>
- ------------
(1) Member of the Compensation Committee.
(2) Member of the Audit Committee.
</FN>
</TABLE>
K. Michael Forrest. Mr. Forrest became President, CEO, and a director in
December 1996. From January 1996 to November 1996, he served as a biotechnology
consultant. From November 1994 to December 1995, he served as President and CEO
of Mercator Genetics, a public biotechnology company. From March 1991 to June
1994, he served as President and CEO of Transkaryotic Therapies, Inc., a public
biotechnology company. From 1968 to 1991, Mr. Forrest held a series of positions
with Pfizer, Inc. and senior management positions with American Cyanamid,
including Vice President of Lederle U.S. and Lederle International. He is a
director of AlphaGene Inc., a private functional genomics company, and INEX
Pharmaceuticals.
Carl R. Thornfeldt, M.D. Dr. Thornfeldt is the Chairman of the Board of
Directors and a co-founder of the Company, as well as a physician, board
certified in dermatology. He has been Medical Director of the Company since its
inception. Dr. Thornfeldt served as acting CEO from July 1996 to December 1996.
In addition, Dr. Thornfeldt served as Vice President, Research and Development
from October 1994 until May 1996. Since 1983, Dr. Thornfeldt has maintained a
private dermatology practice and is an Assistant Clinical Professor in
Dermatology
15
<PAGE>
at the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center. Dr. Thornfeldt received his
M.D. from the University of Oregon.
Daniel L. Azarnoff, M.D. Dr. Azarnoff became Vice President, Clinical and
Regulatory Affairs in October 1997. Since January 1986, Dr. Azarnoff has been
President of D.L. Azarnoff Associates and will continue consulting to the
industry on a part-time basis. From August 1978 to December 1985, he served as
President of Research and Development at G.D. Searle and Co. From July 1967 to
August 1978, he was KUMC Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology,
as well as the Director of the Clinical Pharmacology-Toxicology Center at the
University of Kansas Medical Center. Dr. Azarnoff has also served as a member of
advisory and expert committees within the Food and Drug Administration, World
Health Organization, American Medical Association, National Academy of Sciences
and National Institutes of Health. He received his M.D. from the University of
Kansas Medical School. Dr. Azarnoff was a director of Cibus Pharmaceutical
through 1998, and is currently director of Western Center Clinical Trials,
Entropin, Inc., Versaille Capital Managmenet - Ameriumnone Inc., and Oread, Inc.
John J. Chandler. Mr. Chandler became Vice President, Corporate Development
in May 1998. From January 1995 to March 1998, he served as Vice President,
Europe for American Home Products. From January 1994 to December 1994, he was
Area Director, Europe/Latin America for American Home Products. During this
time, he oversaw the operations of nine European subsidiaries and three highly
successful joint ventures. From 1968 to 1994 he held a series of management and
senior management positions with American Cyanamid Company. Mr. Chandler holds a
M.B.A. in Marketing from Seton Hall University and a B.S. in Biology from the
Queens College of the City University of New York.
A. Richard Juelis. Mr. Juelis became Vice President, Finance and Chief
Financial Officer in March 1996. From November 1994 until March 1996, he worked
as a financial consultant to the Company, as well as to other companies. From
January 1993 to September 1994 he served as Vice President, Finance and Chief
Financial Officer for VIVUS, Inc., a publicly traded drug delivery company. From
October 1990 to December 1992, he served as Vice President, Finance and Chief
Financial Officer at XOMA Corporation, a public biotechnology company. Mr.
Juelis has also held domestic and international financial and general management
positions with Hoffmann-LaRoche from 1976 to 1982, and Schering-Plough from 1983
to 1990.
Jack L. Bowman. Mr. Bowman became a director in December 1996. He is
currently a consultant to various pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry
groups. From August 1987 to January 1994, he was Company Group Chairman at
Johnson & Johnson, where he managed much of its global diagnostic and
pharmaceutical businesses. Before then, Mr. Bowman held executive positions with
CIBA-Geigy and American Cyanamid, where he had responsibility for worldwide
pharmaceutical, medical device, and consumer product divisions. He is currently
a director of NeoRx Corp., CytRx Corp., Cell Therapeutics, Inc., Targeted
Genetics, Inc. and Osiris Therapeutics.
Tobi B. Klar, M.D. Dr. Klar became a director of the Company in June 1995.
She is a physician, board certified in dermatology. Since 1986, Dr. Klar has
maintained a private dermatology practice and has served as Co-Chairperson of
the Department of Dermatology at New Rochelle Hospital Medical Center, New
Rochelle, New York, and Associate Clinical Professor in dermatology at Albert
Einstein Medical Center in New York City. Dr. Klar holds a M.D. from the State
University of New York.
Alan A. Steigrod. Mr. Steigrod became a director in July 1996. Since
January 1996 he has been Managing Director of Newport HealthCare Ventures, which
invests in and advises biopharmaceutical companies. From March 1993 to November
1995, he served as President and CEO of Cortex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. From
February 1991 to February 1993, he worked as a biotechnology consultant. From
March 1981 through February 1991, Mr. Steigrod held a series of executive
positions with Glaxo, Inc., serving as Chairman of Glaxo's operating committee,
as well as on its board of directors. As Executive Vice President, he managed
five divisions, including Glaxo Pharmaceuticals and Glaxo Dermatology Products.
Prior to Glaxo, Mr. Steigrod held a number of senior management positions with
Boehringer Ingelheim, Ltd. and Eli Lilly & Co. He is a director of Sepracor Inc.
and NeoRx Corporation.
Larry J. Wells. Mr. Wells became a director of the Company in 1989. For the
past five years, he has been a venture capitalist. He is the President of Wells
Investment Group, the General Partner of Daystar Partners, and the
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<PAGE>
founder of Sundance Venture Partners, L.P., a venture capital fund. Mr. Wells is
a director of Identix, Inc., Novamed, Isonics Corp., Wings America and Legacy
Brands.
Directors hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders and
until their respective successors have been elected and qualified. Executive
officers are chosen by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors,
subject to any written employment agreements with the Company.
Standing committees of the Board include an Audit Committee and a
Compensation Committee. Mr. Wells is a current member of the Audit Committee. A
second member appointment is pending. The Audit Committee reviews the Company's
accounting practices, internal control systems and meets with the Company's
outside auditors concerning the scope and terms of their engagement and the
results of their audits. Messrs. Bowman and Steigrod are the current members of
the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee recommends compensation
for officers and employees of the Company, and grants options and stock awards
under the Company's employee benefit plans.
17
<PAGE>
PART II
ITEM 5: MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Price Range of Common Stock
Cellegy's Common Stock currently trades on The Nasdaq National Market under
the symbol "CLGY." The following table sets forth the range of high and low
sales prices for the Common Stock as reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market for the
periods indicated below.
1997 High Low
- ---- ---- ---
First Quarter........................................ 5.13 4.13
Second Quarter....................................... 4.50 2.38
Third Quarter........................................ 6.56 2.44
Fourth Quarter....................................... 9.50 6.25
1998
- ----
First Quarter........................................ 9.31 6.94
Second Quarter....................................... 7.63 5.00
Third Quarter........................................ 5.75 2.00
Fourth Quarter....................................... 5.38 2.88
Holders
As of March 16, 1999, there were approximately 96 shareholders of record.
The Company believes that the actual number of shareholders of Common Stock
substantially exceeds this number.
Dividend Policy
The Company has never paid cash or declared dividends on its Common Stock.
Cellegy does not anticipate that it will declare or pay cash dividends on its
Common Stock in the foreseeable future.
18
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
ITEM 6: SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following balance sheet data as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 and
the statement of operations data for the three years ended December 31, 1998 are
derived from the Company's audited financial statements that are included
elsewhere in this Document. The balance sheet data set forth below as of
December 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 and the statement of operations data for the
years ended December 31, 1995 and 1996, are derived from the Company's audited
financial statements which are not included herein. The data set forth below
should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the Financial Statements.
<CAPTION>
Period From
June 26, 1989
(Inception)
Years Ended December 31, Through
-------------------------------------------------------------- December 31,
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ------------ ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues........................... $ -- $ 1,000 $ 648 $ 828 $ 832 $ 3,437
Costs and expenses................. 2,542 2,535 4,346 9,238 9,266 33,809
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Loss from operations............... (2,542) (1,535) (3,698) (8,410) (8,434) (30,372)
Interest income (expense)
and other, net................... (1) (617) 330 556 1,068 1,629
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net loss........................... (2,543) (2,152) (3,368) (7,854) (7,366) (28,743)
Non-cash preferred dividends....... -- -- 1,414 35 -- 1,449
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net loss applicable to common
Shareholders..................... $(2,543) $(2,152) $(4,782) $(7,889) $(7,366) $(30,192)
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ========
Pro forma net loss per share (1)... $ (0.76) $ (0.67) $ (1.11) $ (1.18) $ (0.73)
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Shares used in computing pro forma net
loss per share (1)............... 3,344 3,206 4,307 6,670 10,160
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
--------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents and
investments.............................$ 402 $ 3,820 $ 7,315 $ 21,726 $ 15,220
Total assets.............................. 555 4,028 7,696 22,751 19,484
Deficit accumulated during the
development stage........................ (8,004) (10,155) (14,937) (22,826) (30,192)
Total shareholders' equity
(deficit)................................. (1,374) 3,648 7,387 21,354 14,218
- ------------
<FN>
(1) See Note 1 of Notes to the Financial Statements for an explanation of the
determination of the number of pro forma shares used in per share calculations.
</FN>
</TABLE>
19
<PAGE>
ITEM 7: MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements.
Words such as "believes," "anticipates," "expects," "intends" and similar
expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the
exclusive means of identifying such statements. These forward-looking statements
concern matters that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual
results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.
Further, the Company undertakes no obligation to revise any forward-looking
statements in order to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the
date of this report. Actual events or results may differ materially from those
discussed in this Report. See "Factors That May Affect Future Operating
Results."
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the
development of prescription drugs and high performance cosmeceuticals to address
a variety of skin diseases and conditions utilizing its patented transdermal and
topical delivery technologies. The Company was incorporated in California in
1989. Cellegy is developing several prescription drugs, including Anogesic(R), a
nitroglycerin-based product for the treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids,
and a transdermal testosterone gel for the treatment of male hypogonadism, a
condition that frequently results in lethargy and reduced libido in men above
the age of 40. In addition to its prescription drugs, Cellegy is testing and
developing a line of anti-wrinkling cosmeceutical products which the Company
believes will address the skin care needs of an affluent and aging population.
General
In November 1997, the Company completed a $15.1 million public offering of
approximately 2.0 million shares of Common Stock. CIBC Oppenheimer Corp. acted
as underwriter in connection with the offering. Simultaneously, the Company's
stock was approved for listing on the Nasdaq National Market.
In December 1997, the Company completed an asset purchase agreement with
Neptune Pharmaceutical Corporation ("Neptune") to acquire all patent and other
intellectual property rights relating to Anogesic. The Company's expenses
relating to product development and clinical trials are expected to increase
during the remainder of 1999 as a result of the ongoing Phase III clinical
trials initiated in July 1998. Although the purchase price for Anogesic is
payable in Cellegy Common Stock, the Company recorded a non-cash charge to
operations for in process technology of $3,843,000 upon completion of the
Anogesic acquisition in 1997.
In September 1998, Cellegy began initial shipments and product sales of its
C79 intensive moisturizing formulation to Gryphon Development Inc., the product
development arm of Bath & Body Works. C79 is a key ingredient in a new line of
healing hand creams launched at most Bath & Body Works stores in the United
States.
In March 1999, Cellegy and Glaxo announced their intention to terminate the
license agreement with the return to Cellegy of Glylorin product rights. Subject
to final termination agreement terms, Cellegy expects to receive any remaining
development funding due from Glaxo through the date of termination. Cellegy
intends to repay Glaxo approximately $200,000 in funds previously advanced by
Glaxo. Cellegy does not currently intend to develop Glylorin on its own, but
will seek an appropriate partner for certain geographic territories to develop
the product in exchange for certain upfront payments, milestones, and royalties
on future sales.
Results of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996
Revenues. The Company had revenues of $832,000, $828,000, and $648,000 in
1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Revenues in 1998 consisted of $458,000 in
product sales to Gryphon Development, $271,000 in licensing, milestone and
development funding primarily from Glaxo Wellcome Inc. associated with the
clinical development of GlylorinTM, and $103,000 in Orphan Drug grant funding
for Glylorin, received from the Food and Drug Administration.
Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses were
$6,668,000 in 1998, compared with $3,786,000 in 1997 and $2,712,000 in 1996. The
increase of $2,882,000 in 1998 was primarily due to clinical trial expenses
related to Anogesic, including costs to manufacture clinical supplies, and to
conduct product stability studies. Other factors contributing to the increase in
expenses were personnel costs associated with the hiring of additional
scientists, and costs of contract research work related to the Company's
CELLEDIRM technology as well
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<PAGE>
as its cosmeceutical product line. Additionally, the Company incurred certain
expenses to occupy and equip new laboratory and facilities in South San
Francisco, California at the end of 1998.
The Company increased its research spending in 1998 and expects its research
spending in 1999 to be equal to or higher than 1998 levels, primarily in support
of its Anogesic and testosterone clinical trials and in support of its efforts
to identify, develop and test compounds using the Company's CELLEDIRM
technology.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses
were $2,485,000 in 1998, compared with $1,608,000 in 1997 and $1,634,000 in
1996. The increase of $877,000 in 1998 was due to increased professional fees in
connection with construction and design of the Company's new facility, as well
as personnel related expenses in connection with Company's business development,
sales and marketing programs. The Company's general and administrative expenses
are expected to continue to increase in the future in support of its research
and product commercialization efforts.
Acquired in Process Technology. Acquired in process technology expenses were
not incurred during 1998, compared with $3,843,000 in 1997. No such charges were
recorded in 1996. This non-cash charge to operations resulted from Common Stock
issued pursuant to the Anogesic purchase agreement the Company signed with
Neptune. The Company expects to have additional non-cash charges in 1999 and
future years if and when certain milestones are achieved. Although the dollar
amount of future milestone payments is fixed by the agreement, the amount of the
non-cash accounting charge will vary as a function of the share price of
Cellegy's Common Stock at the time the milestone is achieved. Such payments
could result in issuance of a significant number of shares of Common Stock.
Interest Income and Other, Net. The Company recognized $1,091,000 in
interest income for 1998, compared with $556,000 for 1997 and $330,000 for 1996.
The additional interest income earned in 1998 was due to a higher investment
balance during the 1998 period resulting mainly from proceeds associated with a
public offering of Common Stock completed in November 1997. Interest expense in
1998 was $22,000 which reflected interest payments on a bank loan agreement. No
interest expense was recorded in 1997 and 1996.
Net Loss. The net loss applicable to common shareholders was $7,366,000 or
$0.73 per share in 1998 based on 10,160,000 weighted average shares outstanding,
compared with a net loss of $7,889,000 or $1.18 per share in 1997 based on
6,670,000 weighted average shares outstanding, and $4,782,000 or $1.11 per share
in 1996 based on 4,307,000 weighted average shares outstanding.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flow from
operations each year since its inception. Through December 31, 1998, the Company
had incurred an accumulated deficit of $30.2 million and had consumed cash from
operations of $22.8 million. The Company's public financings included $6.4
million in net proceeds from its initial public offering in August 1995, $6.8
million in net proceeds from a preferred stock financing in April 1996, $3.8
million in net proceeds from a private placement of Common Stock in July 1997,
and $13.8 million in net proceeds from a secondary public offering in November
1997. In June 1998, the Company secured a loan with a commercial bank to provide
up to $4.5 million with an initial interest rate tied to the bank's prime
lending rate. As of December 31, 1998, $3.2 million is outstanding under the
arrangement.
The Company's cash and investments were $15.2 million at December 31, 1998,
compared with $21.7 million at December 31, 1997. The decrease in cash and
investments of $6.5 million was principally due to net cash used in operating
activities. The Company's operations have and will continue to use substantial
amounts of cash. Future expenditures and capital requirements depend on numerous
factors including, without limitation, the progress and focus of its research
and development programs, the progress and results of preclinical and clinical
testing, the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals, the
costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and
other intellectual property rights, the ability of the Company to establish new
collaborative arrangements, its ability to maintain existing collaborations,
particularly with Glaxo, the initiation of commercialization activities, the
purchase of capital equipment, and the availability of other financing.
In order to complete the research and development and other activities
necessary to commercialize its products, additional financing will be required.
As a result, the Company will seek private or public equity investments and
21
<PAGE>
future collaborative arrangements with third parties to meet such needs. There
is no assurance that such financing will be available for the Company to fund
its operations on acceptable terms, if at all. Insufficient funding may require
the Company to delay, reduce or eliminate some or all of its research and
development activities, planned clinical trials and administrative programs. The
Company believes that available cash resources and the interest thereon will be
adequate to satisfy its capital needs through at least December 31, 1999.
Factors That May Affect Future Operating Results
Impact of Year 2000. The Company established a Y2K cross-function project
team in August of 1998, chaired by the Company's Vice President, Finance and
Chief Financial Officer. The Y2K project team reports to the Information Systems
("IS") committee which consists of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and all
its other officers. The Y2K project team has developed a phased approach to
identify and resolve any Year 2000 issues:
The first phase was to develop a corporate-wide strategy to address the
Year 2000 issue and to access the Company's state of readiness. This included a
review of all Information Technology ("IT"), non-IT systems and laboratory
instruments. The Company completed this initial phase in September 1998. The
majority of hardware is Year 2000 compliant and the remaining was made Year 2000
compliant through BIOS upgrade or software patches. In the mean time, the
Company has requested Year 2000 certification from hardware/software suppliers
for all Year 2000 compliant products.
The second phase of the Company's Year 2000 compliance program was to
define a Year 2000 compliance standard and to develop uniform test plans. The
Company is also evaluating its other critical non-IT facility systems with date
sensitive operating controls for Year 2000 issue. While the Company believes
that most of these systems will function without substantial Year 2000
compliance problems, the Company will continue to review, test and resolve Year
2000 issues during 1999.
The third phase of the Company's Year 2000 compliance program is the actual
testing and correction of the Company's IT and non-IT systems. It is expected
that the testing and correction phase will be completed by mid-year 1999. The
Company is also evaluating each of its principal suppliers, service providers to
determine each of such party's Year 2000 status.
Cellegy does not expect the cost of the Year 2000 compliance program to be
material. The total cost is estimated at less than $50,000.
The Company is also developing a contingency plan in the event that a
business interruption caused by Year 2000 problems should occur and expects to
complete the plan by the end of the second quarter of 1999. The contingency
plans also include plans to address vendor and third parties' Year 2000 issues
that may arise. Nevertheless, Year 2000 compliance is a complex project and it
depends on many factors, some of which are not completely within the Company's
control. Should either the Company's internal systems or the internal systems of
one or more significant vendor or supplier fail to achieve Year 2000 compliance,
the Company's business and its results of operations could be adversely
affected.
History of Losses; Future Profitability Uncertain. The Company has a
history of operating losses and expects to incur substantial additional expenses
with resulting quarterly losses over at least the next several years as it
continues to develop its potential products and to devote significant resources
to preclinical studies, clinical trials and manufacturing. As of December 31,
1998, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $30.2 million. To
date, the Company has not sought regulatory approval to distribute any products.
The time and resource commitment required to achieve market success for any
individual product is extensive and uncertain. No assurance can be given that
the Company's product development efforts will be successful, that required
regulatory approvals can be obtained, that potential products can be
manufactured at an acceptable cost and with appropriate quality or that any
approved products can be successfully marketed.
The Company has not generated any significant revenues from royalties from
licenses of the Company's technology, and most of the potential prescription
products that may be marketed by the Company, if any, are not expected to be
marketed or approved for marketing for at least the next several years.
Moreover, the Company anticipates that its operating expenses will continue to
increase significantly as the Company increases its research and development,
preclinical, clinical, administrative and patent activities. Accordingly, in the
absence of
22
<PAGE>
substantial revenues from new corporate collaborations, royalties on product
sales or other sources, the Company expects to incur substantial and increased
operating losses in the foreseeable future as certain of its earlier stage
potential products move into clinical development, as additional potential
products are selected as clinical candidates for further development, as the
Company completes its move into its new facilities, and as the Company invests
in research or acquires additional technologies, product candidates or
businesses. The amount of net losses and the time required to reach sustained
profitability are highly uncertain. To achieve sustained profitable operations,
the Company must successfully discover, develop, obtain regulatory approvals for
and market its potential pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products. No
assurances can be given that the Company will be able to achieve or sustain
profitability, and results are expected to fluctuate from quarter to quarter.
Uncertainty of Clinical Trial Results. Before obtaining regulatory approval
for the commercial sale of many of its potential drug products, the Company must
demonstrate through preclinical studies and clinical trials that the product is
safe and efficacious for use in the clinical indication for which approval is
sought. There can be no assurance that the Company will be permitted to
undertake or continue clinical trials for any of its potential products or, if
such trials are permitted, that such products will be demonstrated to be safe
and efficacious. Moreover, the results from preclinical studies and early
clinical trials may not be predictive of results that will be obtained in
later-stage clinical trials, as was the case with the Phase III trial results
announced by Cellegy in March 1998 regarding Glylorin. Thus, there can be no
assurance that the Company's present or future clinical trials, for example, the
ongoing Phase III clinical trials relating to Anogesic or the dose ranging study
for testosterone, will demonstrate the safety and efficacy required for approval
to market these potential products. The failure of Anogesic to successfully
complete its current Phase III or any future clinical testing, including
toxicology studies, could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Due to the independent and blind nature of certain human clinical testing,
there will be extended periods during the testing process when the Company will
have only limited, or no, access to information about the status or results of
the tests. Other pharmaceutical companies have believed that their products
performed satisfactorily in early tests, only to find their performance in later
tests, including Phase III clinical trials, to be inadequate or unsatisfactory,
or that FDA Advisory Committees have declined to recommend approval of the
drugs, or that the FDA itself refused approval, with the result that such
companies' stock prices have fallen precipitously.
Early Stage of Product Development. With the exception of certain skin care
cosmeceutical products, Cellegy has not yet completed the development of its
prescription products or sought regulatory approval for the marketing of drug
products and has not begun to market or generate revenues from the
commercialization of products. Development of most of the Company's products
will require significant additional research and development. All of the
Company's product development efforts are based upon technologies and
therapeutic approaches that have not been widely tested or used. Moreover, the
Company's beliefs regarding the therapeutic and commercial potential for its
products are based on studies conducted to date, and later studies may not
support the Company's current beliefs. In addition, results of certain of the
Company's studies have not been published in medical journals or reviewed by
independent third parties, and as a result have not been subjected to the same
degree of scrutiny as results that have been published or subjected to review by
independent parties.
The Company's potential products are subject to the risks of failure
inherent in the development of products based on new technologies. These risks
include the possibilities that the Company's therapeutic approaches will not be
successful; that the results from future clinical trials may not correlate with
any safety or effectiveness results from prior clinical studies conducted by the
Company or others; that some or all of the Company's potential products will not
be successfully developed or will not be found to be safe and effective by the
FDA, or otherwise will fail to meet applicable regulatory standards or receive
necessary regulatory clearances. There can be no assurance the Company's
clinical and research and development activities will result in any commercially
viable products.
Possible FDA Regulation of Cosmeceutical Products as Drugs. The Company
intends to introduce products that will compete in the cosmeceutical market.
"Cosmeceuticals" are not defined in the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (the
"FD&C") Act. The FDA has not defined the term by regulation and may consider use
of the term to imply drug-like qualities. Cosmeceuticals (a hybrid of the words
"cosmetics" and "pharmaceuticals") are products that contain active ingredients
which, when applied to the skin, will enhance appearance. Cosmeceuticals which
satisfy the definition of a cosmetic under the FD&C Act and which are not also
drugs under that statute are not subject to the same FDA requirements as drug
products. For example, cosmeceutical products that constitute cosmetics (but
23
<PAGE>
not drugs as well) as defined by applicable federal laws may be marketed to
consumers without prior approval by the FDA, and without requiring a
prescription from a physician. The Company intends to develop a number of
cosmeceutical products, including a product line that will compete in what is
generally referred to as the "anti-wrinkling" market.
The FDA has at times in the past contended, and may in the future contend,
that one or more cosmeceutical products, including the Company's or competitors'
anti-wrinkling products that are currently marketed or may in the future be
marketed, are not cosmetics but instead are subject to regulation as drugs. The
inability of the Company to market its proposed cosmeceutical products as
cosmetics without prior FDA approval could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business and financial condition.
Competition and Technological Change. The pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical
industries are subject to rapid and significant technological change. In the
development and marketing of topical prescription drugs, skin care and other
cosmeceutical products and drug delivery systems, Cellegy faces intense
competition. Competitors of the Company in the United States and abroad are
numerous and include, among others, major pharmaceutical, chemical, cosmetic,
consumer product, and biotechnology companies, specialized firms, universities
and other research institutions. There can be no assurance that the Company's
competitors will not succeed in developing technologies and products that are
more effective than any which are being developed by the Company or that would
render the Company's technology and potential products obsolete and
noncompetitive. Many of these competitors have substantially greater financial
and technical resources, production and marketing capabilities and regulatory
experience than the Company. In addition, many of the Company's competitors have
significantly greater experience than the Company in preclinical testing and
human clinical trials of pharmaceutical products and in obtaining FDA and other
regulatory approvals of products for use in health care. There can be no
assurance that the Company's products under development will be able to compete
successfully with existing products or products under development by other
companies, universities and other institutions or that they will obtain
regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere. In addition, these
companies and academic and research institutions compete with Cellegy in
recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific and management personnel.
Patents and Proprietary Technology. The Company's success depends, in part,
on its ability to obtain patent protection for its products and methods, both in
the United States and in other countries. Several of the Company's products are
based on existing compounds with a history of use in humans but which are being
developed by the Company for new therapeutic use in skin diseases unrelated to
the systemic diseases for which the compounds were previously approved. The
Company cannot obtain composition patent claims on the compound itself, and will
instead need to rely on patent claims, if any, directed to use of the compound
to treat certain conditions or to specific formulations. The Company may not be
able to prevent a competitor from using that formulation or compound for a
different purpose. No assurance can be given that any additional patents will be
issued to the Company, that the protection of any patents issued in the future
will be significant or that current or future patents will be held valid if
subsequently challenged.
The patent position of companies engaged in businesses such as the
Company's business generally is uncertain and involves complex legal and factual
questions. There is a substantial backlog of patent applications at the United
States Patent and Trademark Office. Further, issued patents can later be held
invalid by the patent office issuing the patent or by a court. There can be no
assurance that any patent applications relating to the Company's products or
methods will issue as patents, or, if issued, that the patents will not be
challenged, invalidated or circumvented or that the rights granted thereunder
will provide a competitive advantage to the Company. In addition, many other
entities are engaged in research and product development efforts in drug
delivery, skin biology and cosmeceutical fields that may overlap with the
Company's currently anticipated and future products, and such other entities may
currently have, or may obtain in the future, legally blocking proprietary
rights, including patent rights, in one or more products or methods under
development or consideration by the Company. These rights may prevent the
Company from commercializing technology, or may require the Company to obtain a
license from the entity to practice the technology. There can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to obtain any such licenses that may be required
on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, or that the patents underlying any
such licenses will be valid or enforceable. Moreover, the laws of certain
foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights relating to United
States patents as extensively as those rights are protected in the United
States. As with other companies in the pharmaceutical industry, the Company is
subject to the risk that persons located in such countries will engage in
development, marketing or sales activities of products that would infringe the
Company's patent rights if such activities were in the United States.
24
<PAGE>
The agreements with the University of California pursuant to which the
Company has exclusive license rights to certain drug delivery and other
technology contain certain development and performance milestones which the
Company must satisfy in order to retain such rights. While the Company currently
believes it will be able to satisfy the revised milestone dates, a loss of
rights to these technologies could have a material adverse effect on the
Company.
Dependence on Collaborative Partners. In view of the early stage of the
Company and its research and development programs, the Company has restricted
hiring to research and development scientists and a small administrative staff
and has made limited investment in marketing, product sales and regulatory
compliance resources. The Company may in the future enter into agreements with
certain of its collaborative partners granting exclusive rights to commercialize
one or more products for particular indications. The Company has collaborative
agreements with certain third party companies or academic institutions, and
intends to enter into other collaborative agreements in the future, relating to
the research, development, manufacture and marketing of certain potential
products. In some cases, the Company is relying, and in the future will rely, on
its collaborative partners to conduct clinical trials, to compile and analyze
the data received from such trials, to obtain regulatory approvals and, if
approved, to manufacture and market these products. As a result, the Company may
have little or no control over the development of these potential products and
little or no opportunity to review clinical data before or after public
announcement. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
establish any such collaborative arrangements or that they will be successful.
Failure to enter into any such arrangements that in the future might be
necessary could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and
financial condition. If Cellegy is unable to find another corporate partner to
develop Glylorin, it is not currently anticipated that Glylorin will be further
developed by Cellegy, and the product may therefore not be commercialized.
Government Regulation and Drug Product Approvals. The research,
development, testing, manufacture, labeling, distribution, marketing and
advertising of products such as the Company's products and its ongoing research
and development activities are subject to extensive regulation by governmental
regulatory authorities in the United States and other countries. The extensive
preclinical and clinical testing requirements and regulatory approval process of
the FDA in the United States and of certain foreign regulatory authorities
require a number of years and the expenditure of substantial resources. There
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain the necessary
approvals for clinical testing or for the marketing of products on a timely
basis or at all. Moreover, additional government regulations may be established
that could prevent or delay regulatory approval of the Company's products.
Delays in obtaining regulatory approvals could have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business and results of operations. Even if regulatory approval of
a product is granted, such approval may include significant limitations on the
indicated uses of the product or the manner in which or conditions under which
the product may be marketed. Moreover, failure to comply with regulatory
requirements for marketing drugs, or if the Company's cosmeceutical products are
deemed to be drugs by the FDA, could subject the Company to regulatory or
judicial enforcement actions, including, but not limited to, product recalls or
seizures, injunctions against production, distribution, sales and marketing,
civil penalties, criminal prosecution of the Company, its officers or employees,
refusals to approve new products and suspensions and withdrawals of existing
approvals, as well as potentially increased product liability exposure. Sales of
the Company's products outside the United States will be subject to regulatory
requirements governing clinical trials and marketing approval. These
requirements vary widely from country to country and could delay introduction of
the Company's products in those countries. See "Business -- Government
Regulation."
Limited Experience with Clinical Trials. The Company has conducted only a
limited number of clinical trials to date. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to successfully commence and complete its current and all
of its planned clinical trials without significant additional resources and
expertise. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will meet its
contemplated clinical trial schedule for any of its potential products,
including its Phase III trial for Anogesic. The inability of the Company or its
existing or any future collaborative partners to commence or continue clinical
trials as currently planned, to complete the clinical trials on a timely basis
or to demonstrate the safety and efficacy or its potential products, would have
a material adverse effect on the business and the financial condition of the
Company.
Future Capital Needs; Uncertainty of Additional Funding. The Company's
operations to date have consumed substantial amounts of cash. The Company's cash
needs are expected to continue to increase significantly over at least the next
several years in order to fund the additional expenses the Company will incur as
it expands its current research and development programs, particularly in the
prescription pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical product
25
<PAGE>
areas. The Company has no current source of significant ongoing revenues or
capital beyond existing cash, product sales to Gryphon and payments, if any,
that may be received pursuant to the existing licensing agreements with Glaxo.
In order to complete the research and development and other activities necessary
to commercialize its products, additional financing may be required.
The Company will seek private or public equity investments and future
collaborative arrangements with third parties to help fund its future cash
needs. There is no assurance that such funding will be available on acceptable
terms, if at all. Insufficient funding may require the Company to delay, reduce
or eliminate some or all of its research and development activities, planned
clinical trials and administrative programs. The Company believes that available
cash resources and the interest thereon will be adequate to satisfy its capital
needs through at least December 31, 1999.
Limited Sales and Marketing Experience. The Company may market certain of
its products, if successfully developed and approved, through a direct sales
force in the United States and through sales and marketing partnership
arrangements or distribution arrangements outside the United States. The Company
has no history or experience in sales, marketing or distribution. To market its
products directly, the Company must either establish a marketing group and
direct sales force or obtain the assistance of one or more third parties. There
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to establish sales and
distribution capabilities or succeed in gaining market acceptance for its
products. If the Company enters into marketing or licensing arrangements with
established pharmaceutical companies, the Company's revenues will be subject to
the payment provisions of such arrangements and will be dependent on the efforts
of third parties. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
successfully establish a direct sales force or that its collaborators will
effectively market any of the Company's potential products, and the inability of
the Company or its collaborators to do so could have a material adverse effect
on the business and financial condition of the Company.
Manufacturing Limitations; Suppliers. The Company has no direct experience
in manufacturing commercial quantities of its potential products and currently
does not have any capacity to manufacture potential products on a large
commercial scale itself. The Company currently relies on third parties to
manufacture unprocessed compounds into therapeutic and cosmeceutical products.
Although the Company believes that there will be adequate third party
manufacturers, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to enter
into acceptable agreements with third party manufacturers, and the Company is
and will be dependent upon third party contract manufacturers for such
production. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to be able
to obtain contract manufacturing on commercially acceptable terms for compounds
or products and quantities currently obtainable. There can be no assurance that
manufacturing or quality control problems will not arise at the manufacturing
plants of the Company's contract manufacturers or that such manufacturers will
be able to maintain the compliance with the FDA's current good manufacturing
practice requirements necessary to continue manufacturing the Company's
products.
Uncertainty Related to Health Care Industry. The health care industry is
subject to changing political, economic and regulatory influences that may
significantly affect the purchasing practices and pricing of human therapeutics.
Cost containment measures, whether instituted by health care providers or
enacted as a result of government health administration regulators or new
regulations, such as pricing limitations or formulating eligibility for
dispensation by medical providers, could result in greater selectivity in the
availability of treatments. Such selectivity could have an adverse effect on the
Company's ability to sell its prescription products and there can be no
assurance that adequate third party coverage will be available for the Company
to maintain price levels sufficient to generate an appropriate return on its
investment in product development. The trend towards managed health care in the
United States, as well as legislative proposals to reform health care or reduce
government insurance programs, may all result in lower prices or proposals to
reform health care or reduce government insurance programs or result in lower
prices or reduced markets for the Company's products. The adoption of any such
measures or reforms could have a material adverse effect on the business and
financial condition of the Company. However, cosmeceutical products generally
are not reimbursed by third party payors.
Dependence Upon Key Employees. The success of the Company is dependent upon
the efforts of its senior management team. A change in the association of these
individuals or other officers and directors of the Company could adversely
affect the Company if suitable replacement personnel could not be employed. The
success of the Company also depends upon its ability to
26
<PAGE>
continue to attract and retain qualified scientific and technical personnel.
There is intense competition for qualified personnel in the areas of the
Company's activities, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be
able to continue to attract and retain the qualified personnel necessary for the
development or expansion of its business.
Environmental Regulation. The Company is subject to federal, state and
local laws and regulations governing the use, generation, manufacture, storage,
discharge, handling and disposal of certain materials and wastes used in its
operations, some of which are classified as "hazardous." There can be no
assurance that the Company will not be required to incur significant costs to
comply with environmental laws, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and
state, local and foreign counterparts to such laws, rules and regulations as its
activities are increased or that the operations, business and future
profitability of the Company will not be adversely affected by current or future
laws, rules and regulations. The risk of accidental contamination or injury from
hazardous materials cannot be eliminated. In the event of such an accident, the
Company could be held liable for any damages that result and any such liability
could exceed the resources of the Company. In any event, the cost of defending
claims arising from such contamination or injury could be substantial. In
addition, the Company cannot predict the extent of the adverse effect on its
business or the financial and other costs that might result from any new
government requirements arising out of future legislative, administrative or
judicial actions.
Risk of Product Liability; Limited Product Liability Insurance. The
testing, marketing and sale of human health care products entails an inherent
risk of allegations of product liability. There can be no assurance that
substantial product liability claims will not be asserted against the Company.
The Company has obtained limited amounts of insurance relating to its clinical
trials. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain or
maintain insurance on acceptable terms for its clinical and commercial
activities or that any insurance obtained will provide adequate protection
against potential liabilities.
Anti-Takeover Provisions. Certain provisions of the Company's Amended and
Restated Articles of Incorporation, as well as the California General
Corporation Law, could discourage a third party from attempting to acquire, or
make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, control of the Company
without approval of the Company's Board of Directors. Such provisions could also
limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for
shares of the Common Stock. Certain of such provisions allow the Board of
Directors to authorize the issuance of preferred stock with rights superior to
those of the Common Stock and to accelerate vesting of employee stock options.
The Company is also subject to the provisions of Section 1203 of the California
General Corporation Law which requires that a fairness opinion be provided to
the Company's shareholders in connection with their consideration of any
proposed "interested party" reorganization transaction.
Volatility of Stock Price. The stock market has from time to time
experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that may be unrelated to
the operating performance of particular companies. In addition, the market price
of the Common Stock, like the stock prices of many publicly-traded
pharmaceutical, chemical, consumer, and biotechnology companies, may prove to be
highly volatile. Announcements of technological innovations or new commercial
products by the Company or its competitors, developments or disputes concerning
patent or proprietary rights, publicity regarding actual or potential medical
results relating to products under development by the Company or its
competitors, regulatory developments in both the United States and foreign
countries, public concern as to the safety of pharmaceutical products, sales of
a large number of shares of Common Stock in the market and economic and other
external factors, as well as period-to-period fluctuations in financial results,
among other factors, may have a significant impact on the market price of the
Common Stock.
ITEM 7A: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company invests its excess cash in short-term, investment grade, fixed
income securities under an investment policy. All of the Company's investments
are classified as available-for-sale (see Financial Statements - Note 2).
Approximately 54% of the Company's securities will mature by the end of 1999.
The Company believes that potential near-term losses in future earnings, fair
values or cash flows related to their investment portfolio would not be
significant. Cellegy has a long-term note payable outstanding (see Financial
Statements - Note 4) with an interest rate which currently varies with the
lender's prime rate.
27
<PAGE>
ITEM 8: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements and supplementary data required by item 7 are set
forth below on pages F-1 through F-21 of this report.
ITEM 9: CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Information with respect to this Item may be found in the section captioned
"Executive Compensation - Certain Transactions" appearing in the definitive
Proxy Statement to be delivered to Shareholders in connection with the Annual
Meeting of Shareholders expected to be held on May 20, 1999. Such information is
incorporated herein by reference.
PART III
ITEM 10: DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information required by this Item with respect to directors and compliance
with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 may be found in the
sections captioned "Election of Cellegy Directors" and "Compliance under Section
16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934" appearing in the definitive Proxy
Statement to be delivered to shareholders in connection with the Annual Meeting
of Shareholders expected to be held on May 20, 1999. Such information is
incorporated herein by reference. Information required by this Item with respect
to executive officers may be found in Part I hereof in the section captioned
"Executive Officers of the Registrant."
ITEM 11: EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information with respect to this Item may be found in the section captioned
"Executive Compensation" appearing in the definitive Proxy Statement to be
delivered to shareholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders
expected to be held on May 20, 1999. Such information is incorporated herein by
reference.
ITEM 12: SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Information with respect to this Item may be found in the section captioned
"Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" appearing in
the definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to Shareholders in connection
with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders expected to be held on May 20, 1999.
Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13: CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
None.
28
<PAGE>
PART IV
ITEM 14: EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
Exhibits
(a) The following exhibits are attached hereto or incorporated herein by
reference:
Exhibit
Number Exhibit Title
------ -------------
2.1 Asset Purchase Agreement dated December 31, 1997 between the
Company and Neptune Pharmaceutical Corporation. (Confidential
treatment has been granted with respect to portions of this
agreement.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3 declared
effective on February 19, 1998.)
3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the
Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration
No. 33-93288 LA) declared effective on August 11, 1995 (the
"SB-2").)
3.2 Bylaws of the Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3.3 to the SB-2.)
4.1 Specimen Common Stock Certificate. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.1 to the SB-2.)
4.2 Specimen Warrant Certificate. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.2 to the SB-2.)
4.3 Form of Warrant Agreement Between the Company and First
Interstate Bank of California. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.3 to the SB-2.)
4.4 Form of Representatives' Warrant Agreement. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 27.2 to the SB-2.)
4.5 Certificate of Determination, as amended, relating to the
Series A Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB
for the three months ended March 31, 1996 (the "Q1 1996 Form
10-QSB").)
4.6 Securities Subscription Agreement dated April 1996 relating
to the Series A Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.2 to the Q1 1996 Form 10-QSB.)
4.7 Registration Rights Agreement dated April 18, 1996 relating
to the Series A Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.3 to the Q1 1996 Form 10-QSB.)
10.1 Barrier Repair Formulations License Agreement, dated October
26, 1993 between the Company and the University of
California. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the
SB-2.)
10.2 License Agreement, dated March 4, 1994, regarding Drug
Delivery by Skin Barrier Disruption, between the Company and
University of California. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.6 to the SB-2.)
*10.3 Employment Agreement, dated as of January 21, 1996, between
the Company and Dr. Carl Thornfeldt. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Form 10-KSB for
fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 (the "1995 Form 10-KSB".)
10.4 Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated
April 10, 1992. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11
to the SB-2.)
*10.5 1992 Stock Option Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.12 to the SB-2.)
10.6 Secured Debenture and Warrant Purchase Agreement dated as of
February 10, 1995. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.13 to the SB-2.)
10.7 Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated as
of February 10, 1995. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.14 to the SB-2.)
29
<PAGE>
Exhibit
Number Exhibit Title
------ -------------
10.8 Warrant Agreement dated as of February 10, 1995.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the SB-2.)
10.9 Agency Agreement dated as of February 10, 1995. (Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the SB-2.)
*10.10 1995 Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.17 to the 1995 Form 10-KSB.)
*10.11 1995 Directors' Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.18 to the 1995 Form 10-KSB.)
10.12 Standard Industrial Lease dated April 6, 1992, between the
Company and H&H Management. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.20 to the 1995 Form 10-KSB.)
10.13 Loan and Security Agreement between Silicon Valley Bank and
the Company dated June 10, 1998 (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's Form 10-QSB for the fiscal
quarter ended June 30, 1998.)
10.14 Lease Agreement between the Company and TCNorthern California
Inc. dated April 8, 1998 (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's Form 10-QSB for fiscal quarter
ended March 31, 1998.)
*10.15 Employment Agreement dated November 20, 1996, between the
Company and K. Michael Forrest. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.19 to the Company's Form 10-KSB for fiscal year
ended December 31, 1996 (the "1996 Form 10-KSB".)
10.16 Exclusive Licensing Agreement for Glylorin between the
Company and Glaxo Wellcome Inc. dated November 11, 1996.
(Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to
portions of this agreement.) (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.20 to the 1996 Form 10-KSB.)
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors.
24.1 Power of Attorney (See signature page.)
27.1 Financial Data Schedule.
- ----------------
* Represents a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
No reports on Form 8-K were filed by the Company during the last quarter of
the year for when this report is filed.
(c) Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or are not
required, or the information required to be set forth therein is
included in the financial statements or notes thereto.
30
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the
City of South San Francisco, State of California, on the 22nd day of March,
1999.
CELLEGY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
By: /s/ K. MICHAEL FORREST
--------------------------------------
K. Michael Forrest
President and Chief Executive Officer
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints K.
Michael Forrest and A. Richard Juelis, jointly and severally, his true and
lawful attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him in any
and all capacities, to sign amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file
the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith,
with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and conforming all
that said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause
to be done by virtue thereof.
<TABLE>
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities
and on the dates indicated.
<CAPTION>
Name Title Date
---- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Principal Executive Officer:
/s/ K. MICHAEL FORREST President, Chief Executive Officer and March 22, 1999
- -------------------------------------------------- Director
K. Michael Forrest
Principal Financial Officer
and Principal Accounting Officer:
/s/ A. RICHARD JUELIS Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial March 22, 1999
- --------- ----------------------------------------- Officer and Secretary
A. Richard Juelis
Directors:
/s/ CARL R. THORNFELDT, M.D. Chairman of the Board of Directors March 22, 1999
- --------------------------------------------------
Carl R. Thornfeldt, M.D.
/s/ JACK L. BOWMAN Director March 22, 1999
- --------------------------------------------------
Jack L. Bowman
/s/ TOBI B. KLAR, M.D. Director March 22, 1999
- --------------------------------------------------
Tobi B. Klar, M.D.
/s/ ALAN A. STEIGROD Director March 22, 1999
- --------------------------------------------------
Alan A. Steigrod
/s/ LARRY J. WELLS Director March 22, 1999
- --------------------------------------------------
Larry J. Wells
</TABLE>
31
<PAGE>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
----------
EXHIBITS
to
Form 10-K
Under
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
----------
CELLEGY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
32
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
<CAPTION>
Exhibit Page
Number Description No.
------ ----------- ---
<S> <C>
2.1 Asset Purchase Agreement dated December 31, 1997 between the
Company and Neptune Pharmaceutical Corporation. (Confidential
treatment has been granted with respect to portions of this
agreement.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3 declared
effective on February 19, 1998.)
3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the
Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration
No. 33-93288 LA) declared effective on August 11, 1995 (the
"SB-2").)
3.2 Bylaws of the Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3.3 to the SB-2.)
4.1 Specimen Common Stock Certificate. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.1 to the SB-2.)
4.2 Specimen Warrant Certificate. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.2 to the SB-2.)
4.3 Form of Warrant Agreement Between the Company and First
Interstate Bank of California. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.3 to the SB-2.)
4.4 Form of Representatives' Warrant Agreement. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 27.2 to the SB-2.)
4.5 Certificate of Determination, as amended, relating to the
Series A Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB
for the three months ended March 31, 1996 (the "Q1 1996 Form
10-QSB").)
4.6 Securities Subscription Agreement dated April 1996 relating
to the Series A Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.2 to the Q1 1996 Form 10-QSB.)
4.7 Registration Rights Agreement dated April 18, 1996 relating
to the Series A Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.3 to the Q1 1996 Form 10-QSB.)
10.1 Barrier Repair Formulations License Agreement, dated October
26, 1993 between the Company and the University of
California. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the
SB-2.)
10.2 License Agreement, dated March 4, 1994, regarding Drug
Delivery by Skin Barrier Disruption, between the Company and
University of California. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.6 to the SB-2.)
*10.3 Employment Agreement, dated as of January 21, 1996, between
the Company and Dr. Carl Thornfeldt. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Form 10-KSB for
fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 (the "1995 Form 10-KSB".)
10.4 Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated
April 10, 1992. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11
to the SB-2.)
*10.5 1992 Stock Option Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.12 to the SB-2.)
10.6 Secured Debenture and Warrant Purchase Agreement dated as of
February 10, 1995. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.13 to the SB-2.)
10.7 Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated as
of February 10, 1995. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.14 to the SB-2.)
33
<PAGE>
Exhibit Page
Number Description No.
------ ----------- ---
10.8 Warrant Agreement dated as of February 10, 1995.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the SB-2.)
10.9 Agency Agreement dated as of February 10, 1995. (Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the SB-2.)
*10.10 1995 Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.17 to the 1995 Form 10-KSB.)
*10.11 1995 Directors' Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.18 to the 1995 Form 10-KSB.)
10.12 Standard Industrial Lease dated April 6, 1992, between the
Company and H&H Management. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.20 to the 1995 Form 10-KSB.)
10.13 Loan and Security Agreement between Silicon Valley Bank and
the Company dated June 10, 1998 (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's Form 10-QSB for the fiscal
quarter ended June 30, 1998.)
10.14 Lease Agreement between the Company and TCNorthern California
Inc. dated April 8, 1998 (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's Form 10-QSB for fiscal quarter
ended March 31, 1998.)
*10.15 Employment Agreement dated November 20, 1996, between the
Company and K. Michael Forrest. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.19 to the Company's Form 10-KSB for fiscal year
ended December 31, 1996 (the "1996 Form 10-KSB".)
10.16 Exclusive Licensing Agreement for Glylorin between the
Company and Glaxo Wellcome Inc. dated November 11, 1996.
(Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to
portions of this agreement.) (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.20 to the 1996 Form 10-KSB.)
*10.19 Consulting Agreement between the Company and Dr. Peter M.
Elias dated May 1, 1996. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.21 to the 1996 Form 10-KSB.)
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors.
24.1 Power of Attorney (See signature page.)
27.1 Financial Data Schedule.
<FN>
- ----------------
* Represents a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
</FN>
</TABLE>
34
<PAGE>
Index to Financial Statements
Page
----
Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors ................. F-2
Balance Sheets .................................................... F-3
Statements of Operations .......................................... F-4
Statements of Shareholders' Equity ................................ F-5
Statements of Cash Flows .......................................... F-8
Notes to Financial Statements ..................................... F-10
F-1
<PAGE>
Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company) as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the related
statements of operations, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 1998, and for the period from June
26, 1989 (inception) through December 31, 1998. These financial statements are
the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
at December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the results of its operations and its cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998, and for
the period from June 26, 1989 (inception) through December 31, 1998, in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
Palo Alto, California
February 5, 1999
F-2
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Balance Sheets
<CAPTION>
December 31,
-------------------------------
1998 1997
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents ................................................................. $ 1,610,826 $ 1,821,791
Short-term investments .................................................................... 7,282,233 7,481,870
Inventory ................................................................................. 52,977 --
Prepaid expenses and other current assets.................................................. 1,380,417 1,011,913
------------ ------------
Total current assets ........................................................................... 10,326,453 10,315,574
Property and equipment, net .................................................................... 2,830,808 13,663
Long-term investments........................................................................... 6,326,623 12,422,230
------------ ------------
Total assets ................................................................................... $ 19,483,884 $ 22,751,467
============ ============
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities .................................................. $ 1,551,600 $705,153
Deferred revenue .......................................................................... 250,000 500,000
Accrued research fees ..................................................................... 94,088 154,665
Accrued compensation and related expenses ................................................. 69,097 37,220
Current portion of note payable ........................................................... 402,602 --
------------ ------------
Total current liabilities ...................................................................... 2,367,387 1,397,038
Long-term liabilities
Long-term portion of note payable ......................................................... 2,818,211 --
Other long-term liabilities ............................................................... 80,256 --
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized: Series A
convertible preferred stock; 1,100 shares designated; no shares issued
or outstanding at December 31, 1998 and 1997 .......................................... -- --
Common Stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized: 10,173,294 shares
issued and outstanding at December 31, 1998, and 10,123,751 shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 1997 ...................................................... 44,363,133 44,192,387
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ............................................. 47,353 (11,833)
Deficit accumulated during the development stage .......................................... (30,192,456) (22,826,125)
------------ ------------
Total shareholders' equity ................................................................ 14,218,030 21,354,429
------------ ------------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity ..................................................... $ 19,483,884 $ 22,751,467
============ ============
<FN>
See accompanying notes.
</FN>
</TABLE>
F-3
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Statements of Operations
<CAPTION>
Period from
June 26, 1989
(inception)
through
Years ended December 31, December 31,
------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996 1998
------------ ------------- ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Licensing and contract revenue from affiliate ......... $ -- $ -- $ 15,000 $ 1,145,373
Licensing, milestone, and development funding ......... 271,248 603,700 559,157 1,434,105
Government grants ..................................... 102,502 223,995 73,503 400,000
Product sales ......................................... 457,970 -- -- 457,970
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total revenues ............................................. 831,720 827,695 647,660 3,437,448
Costs and expenses:
Cost of products sold ................................. 113,073 -- -- 113,073
Research and development .............................. 6,668,014 3,786,411 2,712,008 19,576,654
General and administrative ............................ 2,485,341 1,608,319 1,633,917 10,275,890
Acquired in process technology ........................ -- 3,842,968 -- 3,842,968
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total costs and expenses ................................... 9,266,428 9,237,698 4,345,925 33,808,585
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Operating loss ............................................. (8,434,708) (8,410,003) (3,698,265) (30,371,137)
Interest expense ...................................... (22,146) -- -- (885,886)
Interest income and other, net ........................ 1,090,523 555,935 330,169 2,513,072
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss ................................................... (7,366,331) (7,854,068) (3,368,096) (28,743,951)
Non-cash preferred dividends ............................... -- 34,740 1,413,765 1,448,505
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss applicable to common shareholders ................. $ (7,366,331) $ (7,888,808) $ (4,781,861) $(30,192,456)
============ ============ ============ ============
Basic and diluted net loss per common share ................ $ (0.73) $ (1.18) $ (1.11)
============ ============ ============
Weighted average common shares outstanding ................. 10,160,026 6,670,192 4,306,550
============ ============ ============
<FN>
See accompanying notes.
</FN>
</TABLE>
F-4
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Statements of Shareholders' Equity
<CAPTION>
Series A Convertible Series B Convertible Series C Convertible
Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Common Stock
-------------------- --------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Issuance of common stock for
cash through December 31,
1995 ........................ --- $ --- --- $ --- --- $ --- 856,338 $117,749
Issuance of common stock for
services rendered through
December 31, 1995 .......... --- --- --- --- --- --- 269,116 24,261
Issuance of common stock in
connection with merger
with Pacific Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. in April 1992 .......... --- --- --- --- --- --- 97,062 8,750
Repurchase of common shares
in 1992 ..................... --- --- --- --- --- --- (3,586) (324)
Issuance of Series A
convertible preferred
stock for cash through
December 31, 1995 ........... 26,899 48,500 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Issuance of Series A convertible
preferred stock and warrants
to purchase 14,191
shares of Series A
convertible preferred stock
in exchange for convertible
promissory notes and
accrued interest through
December 31, 1995 .......... 625,845 1,199,536 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Issuance of Series A
convertible preferred
stock for services
rendered through December
31, 1995 .................... 40,597 73,198 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Issuance of Series A
convertible preferred
stock in exchange for
license agreement ........... 9,513 100,000 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Issuance of Series B
convertible preferred
stock in exchange for
convertible promissory
notes in 1992 ............... --- --- 12,750 114,000 --- --- --- ---
Issuance of Series C
convertible preferred
stock for cash, net of
issuance cost, through
December 31, 1995 ........... --- --- --- --- 477,081 4,978,505 --- ---
</TABLE>
Deficit
Accumulated Accumulated
Other During the Total
Comprehensive Development Shareholders'
Income (Loss) Stage Equity
------------- ----- ------
Issuance of common stock for
cash through December 31,
1995 ........................ $ --- $ --- $117,749
Issuance of common stock for
services rendered through
December 31, 1995 .......... --- --- 24,261
Issuance of common stock in
connection with merger
with Pacific Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. in April 1992 .......... --- --- 8,750
Repurchase of common shares
in 1992 ..................... --- --- (324)
Issuance of Series A
convertible preferred
stock for cash through
December 31, 1995 ........... --- --- 48,500
Issuance of Series A convertibl
preferred stock and warrants
to purchase 14,191
shares of Series A
convertible preferred stock
in exchange for convertible
promissory notes and
accrued interest through
December 31, 1995 ........... --- --- 1,199,536
Issuance of Series A
convertible preferred
stock for services
rendered through December
31, 1995 .................... --- --- 73,198
Issuance of Series A
convertible preferred
stock in exchange for
license agreement ........... --- --- 100,000
Issuance of Series B
convertible preferred
stock in exchange for
convertible promissory
notes in 1992 ............... --- --- 114,000
Issuance of Series C
convertible preferred
stock for cash, net of
issuance cost, through
December 31, 1995 ........... --- --- 4,978,505
See accompanying notes.
F-5
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Statements of Shareholders' Equity - (Continued)
<CAPTION>
Series A Convertible Series B Convertible Series C Convertible
Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Common Stock
-------------------- ---------------------- -------------------- -------------------
Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Issuance of common stock in
exchange for notes payable ... --- --- --- --- --- --- 42,960 268,500
Issuance of warrants in
connection with notes
payable financing ............ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 487,333
Conversion of preferred
stock to common stock in
connection with IPO in
August 1995 .................. (702,854) (1,421,234) (12,750) (114,000) (477,081) (4,978,505) 1,192,685 6,513,739
Issuance of common stock in
connection with IPO in
August 1995 .................. --- --- --- --- --- --- 1,322,500 6,383,785
Net loss for the period June
26, 1989 (inception)
through December 31, 1995 .... --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
------- --------- ------ ------- ------- --------- --------- ----------
Balances at December 31, 1995 ... --- --- --- --- --- --- 3,777,075 13,803,793
Issuance of Series A
convertible preferred
stock, net of issuance
costs ........................ 750 6,753,230 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Conversion of preferred
stock, including
dividends, to common stock ... (555) (6,005,724) --- --- --- --- 1,234,077 6,005,724
Exercise of warrants to
purchase common stock ........ --- --- --- --- --- --- 135,256 51,814
Exercise of options to
purchase common stock......... --- --- --- --- --- --- 6,344 11,553
Compensation expense related
to the extension of
option exercise periods ...... --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 268,486
Non-cash preferred dividends .... --- 1,413,765 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Unrealized gain on investments .. --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Net loss - 1996 ................. --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Total Comprehensive Income-1996..
------- --------- ------ ------- ------- --------- --------- ----------
Balances at December 31, 1996 ... 195 2,161,271 --- --- --- --- 5,152,752 20,141,370
</TABLE>
Deficit
Accumulated Accumulated
Other During the Total
Comprehensive Development Shareholders'
Income (Loss) Stage Equity
------------- ----- ------
Issuance of common stock in
exchange for notes payable ... --- --- 268,500
Issuance of warrants in
connection with notes
payable financing ............ --- --- 487,333
Conversion of preferred
stock to common stock in
connection with IPO in
August 1995 .................. --- --- ---
Issuance of common stock in
connection with IPO in
August 1995 .................. --- --- 6,383,785
Net loss for the period June
26, 1989 (inception)
through December 31, 1995 .... --- (10,155,456) (10,155,456)
---------- ----------- ------------
Balances at December 31, 1995 ... --- (10,155,456) 3,648,337
Issuance of Series A
convertible preferred
stock, net of issuance
costs ........................ --- --- 6,753,230
Conversion of preferred
stock, including
dividends, to common stock ... --- --- ---
Exercise of warrants to
purchase common stock ........ --- --- 51,814
Exercise of options to
purchase common stock......... --- --- 11,553
Compensation expense related
to the extension of
option exercise periods ...... --- --- 268,486
Non-cash preferred dividends .... --- (1,413,765) ---
Unrealized gain on
investments .................. 22,167 --- 22,167
Net loss - 1996 ................. --- (3,368,096) (3,368,096)
Total Comprehensive Income -
1996 ......................... (3,345,929)
---------- ----------- -----------
Balances at December 31, 1996 ... 22,167 (14,937,317) 7,387,491
See accompanying notes.
F-6
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Statements of Shareholders' Equity - (Continued)
<CAPTION>
Series A Convertible Series B Convertible Series C Convertible
Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Common Stock
-------------------- ---------------------- -------------------- -------------------
Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Exercise of warrants to
purchase common stock ....... --- --- --- --- --- --- 227,847 930
Non-cash preferred dividends ... --- 34,740 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Conversion of preferred
stock, including
dividends, to common stock .. (195) (2,196,011) --- --- --- --- 587,879 2,196,011
Exercise of options to
purchase common stock ....... --- --- --- --- --- --- 132,137 362,303
Compensation expense related
to the extension of
option exercise periods ..... --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 69,995
Issuance of common stock in
connection with the
private placement in July
1997, net of issuance
costs ....................... --- --- --- --- --- --- 1,547,827 3,814,741
Issuance of common stock in
connection with the
public offering of common
stock in November 1997,
net of issuance costs ...... --- --- --- --- --- --- 2,012,500 13,764,069
Issuance of common stock in
connection with the
acquisition of product
rights from Neptune
Pharmaceutical Corp. ........ --- --- --- --- --- --- 462,809 3,842,968
Unrealized loss on
investments ................. --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Net loss - 1997 ................ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Total Comprehensive Income -
1997 ........................
------- --------- ------ ------- ------- --------- ---------- ----------
Balances at December 31, 1997 .. --- --- --- --- --- --- 10,123,751 44,192,387
Exercise of warrants to
purchase common stock ....... --- --- --- --- --- --- 13,979 47,740
Exercise of options to
purchase common stock ....... --- --- --- --- --- --- 35,564 123,006
Unrealized gain on investments . --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Net loss - 1998 ................ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Total Comprehensive Income -
1998 ........................
------- --------- ------ ------- ------- --------- ---------- ----------
Balances at December 31, 1998 .. --- $ --- --- $ --- --- $ --- 10,173,294 $44,363,133
======= ========= ====== ======= ======= ========= ========== ==========
</TABLE>
Deficit
Accumulated Accumulated
Other During the Total
Comprehensive Development Shareholders'
Income (Loss) Stage Equity
------------ ----- ------
Exercise of warrants to
purchase common stock ....... --- --- 930
Non-cash preferred dividends ... --- (34,740) ---
Conversion of preferred
stock, including
dividends, to common stock .. --- --- ---
Exercise of options to
purchase common stock ....... --- --- 362,303
Compensation expense related
to the extension of
option exercise periods ..... --- --- 69,995
Issuance of common stock in
connection with the
private placement in July
1997, net of issuance costs . --- --- 3,814,741
Issuance of common stock in
connection with the
public offering of common
stock in November 1997,
net of issuance costs ...... --- --- 13,764,069
Issuance of common stock in
connection with the
acquisition of product
rights from Neptune
Pharmaceutical Corp. ........ --- --- 3,842,968
Unrealized loss on
investments ................. (34,000) --- (34,000)
Net loss - 1997 ................ --- (7,854,068) (7,854,068)
Total Comprehensive Income -
1997 ....................... (7,888,068)
---------- ------------- -------------
Balances at December 31, 1997 .. (11,833) (22,826,125) 21,354,429
Exercise of warrants to
purchase common stock ....... --- --- 47,740
Exercise of options to
purchase common stock ....... --- --- 123,006
Unrealized gain on 59,186 --- 59,186
investments
Net loss - 1998 ................ --- (7,366,331) (7,366,331)
-------------
Total Comprehensive Income -
1998 ....................... (7,307,145)
---------- ------------- -------------
Balances at December 31, 1998 .. $47,353 $(30,192,456) $14,218,030
========== ============= =============
See accompanying notes.
F-7
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Statements of Cash Flows
<CAPTION>
Period from
June 26, 1989
(inception)
Years ended December 31, through
------------------------------------------------ December 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Operating activities
Net loss ................................................... $ (7,366,331) $ (7,854,068) $ (3,368,096) $(28,743,951)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
operating activities:
Acquired in process technology .......................... -- 3,842,968 -- 3,842,968
Depreciation and amortization ........................... 15,015 17,618 35,384 279,271
Compensation expense related to the extension of
option exercise periods ............................... -- 69,995 268,486 338,481
Loss on sale of property and equipment .................. -- -- -- 3,724
Amortization of discount on notes payable and
deferred financing costs .............................. -- -- -- 567,503
Issuance of common shares for services .................. -- -- -- 24,261
Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock
for services rendered ................................. -- -- -- 73,198
Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock
for interest .......................................... -- -- -- 67,720
Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock
for license agreement ................................. -- -- -- 100,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Inventory ............................................... (52,977) -- -- (52,977)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets ............... (368,504) (661,352) (201,521) (1,380,417)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities ................ 846,447 435,140 77,781 1,551,600
Deferred revenue ........................................ (250,000) 500,000 -- 250,000
Accrued research fees ................................... (60,577) 133,665 21,000 94,088
Accrued compensation and related expenses ............... 31,877 19,262 (169,308) 69,097
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash used in operating activities ...................... (7,205,050) (3,496,772) (3,336,274) (22,915,434)
Investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment ......................... (2,832,160) -- (8,000) (3,005,053)
Purchases of investments ................................... (5,039,440) (18,915,933) (9,576,000) (40,577,893)
Sales of investments ....................................... 5,893,870 -- -- 5,893,870
Maturities of investments .................................. 5,500,000 6,256,000 3,820,000 21,122,520
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities ........ 3,522,270 (12,659,933) (5,764,000) (16,566,556)
<FN>
See accompanying notes.
</FN>
</TABLE>
F-8
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Statements of Cash Flows - (Continued)
<CAPTION>
Period from
June 26, 1989
(inception)
through
Years ended December 31, December 31,
-------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996 1998
--------------- --------------- --------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Financing activities
Proceeds from notes payable ......................... $ 3,220,813 $ -- $ -- $ 6,768,237
Repayment of notes payable .......................... -- -- -- (2,110,608)
Other long-term liabilities ......................... 80,256 -- -- 80,256
Net proceeds from issuance of Common Stock .......... 170,746 17,942,043 63,367 24,677,690
Repurchase of Common Stock .......................... -- -- -- (324)
Issuance of convertible preferred stock, net of
issuance costs ................................... -- -- 6,753,230 11,757,735
Deferred financing costs ............................ -- -- -- (80,170)
------------- ------------ ------------- --------------
Net cash provided by financing activities ........... 3,471,815 17,942,043 6,816,597 41,092,816
------------- ------------ ------------- --------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash ..................... (210,965) 1,785,338 (2,283,677) 1,610,826
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period ...... $ 1,821,791 36,453 2,320,130 --
------------- ------------ ------------- --------------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period ............ $ 1,610,826 $ 1,821,791 $ 36,453 $ 1,610,826
============= ============ ============= ==============
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transactions:
Issuance of Common Stock in connection with acquired
in process technology ............................ -- $ 3,842,968 $ -- $ 3,842,968
============= ============ ============= ==============
Conversion of preferred stock to Common Stock ....... $ -- $ 2,196,011 $ 6,005,724 $ 14,715,474
============= ============ ============= ==============
Issuance of Common Stock for notes payable .......... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 268,500
============= ============ ============= ==============
Issuance of warrants in connection with notes payable
financing ........................................ $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 487,333
============= ============ ============= ==============
Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock for
notes payable .................................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 1,153,316
============= ============ ============= ==============
Issuance of Series B convertible preferred stock for
notes payable .................................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 115,000
============= ============ ============= ==============
Issuance of Common Stock for Pacific Pharmaceuticals,
Inc .............................................. $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 8,750
============= ============ ============= ==============
<FN>
See accompanying notes.
</FN>
</TABLE>
F-9
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements
1. Accounting Policies
Description of Business
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc., incorporated in California in June 1989,
is a development stage company. Since its inception, the Company has engaged
primarily in research and development activities based upon its patented
transdermal and topical drug delivery technologies and its expertise in skin
biology. The Company has conducted a number of clinical trials for its products,
including the preparation of manufactured clinical materials. Laboratory
equipment has been purchased and installed in support of its research and
development activities. A number of sponsored, external research programs were
undertaken. Pre-launch commercialization activities, including packaging design
are ongoing for its cosmeceutical products.
Basis of Presentation
In the course of its development, the Company has incurred significant
losses and will continue to incur additional losses during its development
phase. As a result, the Company will require substantial additional funds for
its operational activities and may seek private or public equity financings and
future collaborative arrangements with third parties to meet its cash needs.
There is no assurance that such additional funds will be available on acceptable
terms or available at all. Insufficient funding may require the Company to
delay, reduce, or eliminate some or all of its research and development, planned
clinical trials, and administrative programs.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and
accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenues and Research and Development Expenses
Revenues related to cost reimbursement provisions under development
contracts are recognized as the costs associated with the projects are incurred.
Revenues related to milestones specified under development contracts are
recognized as the milestones are achieved. Research and development costs are
expensed as incurred.
The Company receives certain United States government grants that
support the Company's research effort in defined research projects. These grants
generally provide for reimbursement of approved costs incurred as defined in the
various grants. Revenues associated with these grants are recognized as costs
under each grant are incurred.
Revenues related to cosmeceutical product sales are recognized upon
shipment.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid financial instruments with
original maturities of three months or less. The carrying value of cash and cash
equivalents approximates fair value at December 31, 1998 and 1997. The Company
considers all its investments as available-for-sale and reports these
investments at estimated fair market value. Unrealized gains or losses on
available-for-sale securities are included in shareholders' equity until their
disposition. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification
method. Realized gains or losses and declines in value judged to be other than
temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in interest income and
other, net.
F-10
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or
market. At December 31, 1998, inventories consisted entirely of raw materials.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated
depreciation. Furniture and fixtures, and office and laboratory equipment are
depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives ranging
from three to five years. Depreciation for leasehold improvements is provided
over the shorter of the asset life or the remaining lease term.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for its stock option grants in accordance with
Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees" ("APB Opinion No. 25") and has elected to follow the disclosure-only
alternative prescribed by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123,
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("FAS 123").
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The Company has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
("SFAS") No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income," as of the first quarter of
1998. SFAS No. 130 establishes new rules for the reporting and display of
comprehensive income and its components. It has no impact on net loss or
shareholders' equity.
Segment Reporting
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting
Standards Board's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 131,
"Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information." SFAS No.
131 supersedes FASB Standard No. 14, "Financial Reporting for Segments of a
Business Enterprise." SFAS No. 131 establishes standards for the way that public
business enterprises report information about operating segments in annual
financial statements and requires that those enterprises report selected
information about operating segments in interim financial reports. SFAS No. 131
also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services,
geographic areas, and major customers. The adoption of SFAS No.131 did not
affect results of operations or financial position, but did affect the
disclosure of segment information. See note 10.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are accounted for as expenses in the period in which
they are incurred. Advertising expense for the year ended December 31, 1998 was
$175,815. There were no advertising costs in 1997 and 1996.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share
Basic net loss per common share is computed using the weighted average
number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per
common share incorporates the incremental shares issued upon the assumed
exercise of stock options and warrants, when dilutive. There is no difference
between basic and diluted net loss per common share, as presented in the
statement of operations, because all options and warrants (see note 6) are
anti-dilutive.
F-11
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
<TABLE>
2. Investments
At December 31, 1998, available-for-sale securities consist of the
following:
<CAPTION>
Gross Gross
Unrealized Unrealized Estimated
Cost Gains Losses Fair Value
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Corporate Notes ............................... $ 9,337,751 $ 45,080 $ (7,020) $ 9,375,811
U.S. Government Notes ......................... 3,996,252 9,293 -- 4,005,545
Time Deposits ................................. 227,500 -- -- 227,500
Money Market .................................. 1,463,698 -- -- 1,463,698
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Total available-for-sale
securities ................................. 15,025,201 54,373 (7,020) 15,072,554
-----------
Less amounts classified as
cash equivalents ........................... 1,463,698 -- -- 1,463,698
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Total investments ............................. $13,561,503 $ 54,373 $ (7,020) $13,608,856
=========== =========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
At December 31, 1997, available-for-sale securities consist of the
following:
<CAPTION>
Gross Gross
Unrealized Unrealized Estimated
Cost Gains Losses Fair Value
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Corporate Notes ............................... $10,406,917 $ 3,327 $ (23,987) $10,386,257
U.S. Government Notes ......................... 5,030,259 5,589 (197) 5,035,651
Time Deposits ................................. 1,999,948 1,202 (122) 2,001,028
Money Market .................................. 1,788,853 -- -- 1,788,853
Variable Rate Securities ...................... 1,500,000 -- -- 1,500,000
Commercial Paper .............................. 978,809 2,355 -- 981,164
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Total available-for-sale
securities ................................. 21,704,786 12,473 (24,306) 21,692,953
-----------
Less amounts classified as
cash equivalents ........................... 1,788,853 -- -- 1,788,853
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Total investments ............................. $19,915,933 $ 12,473 $ (24,306) $19,904,100
=========== =========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale
securities in debt securities at December 31, 1998, by contractual maturity,
were as follows:
Estimated
Cost Fair Value
----------- -----------
Due in 1 year or less ............................ $ 8,734,694 $ 8,745,931
Due in 1 - 3 years ............................... 6,290,507 6,326,623
----------- -----------
Total available-for-sale securities .............. 15,025,201 15,072,554
Less amounts classified as cash equivalents ...... 1,463,698 1,463,698
----------- -----------
Total investments ................................ $13,561,503 $13,608,856
=========== ===========
There have been no significant realized gains or losses on the sale of
securities for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996.
F-12
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
3. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consist of the following:
December 31,
--------------------------
1998 1997
----------- -----------
Furniture and fixtures ........................... $ 145,395 $ 49,702
Office equipment ................................. 100,872 39,142
Laboratory equipment ............................. 373,767 65,310
Leasehold improvements ........................... 2,369,890 3,610
----------- -----------
2,989,924 157,764
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization ... (159,116) (144,101)
----------- -----------
$ 2,830,808 $ 13,663
=========== ===========
4. Note Payable
In June 1998, the Company entered into an agreement with a bank to
provide up to $4.5 million through December 1999 with interest at the bank's
prime rate plus one percentage point or a rate equal to four and one quarter
percentage points above the yield of the 48 month treasury bill. The note is
secured by the Company's cash and investments. Interest only payments are due
during the first twelve months of the agreement. After the initial 12-month
period of the agreement, the Company is required to repay the amount then
borrowed in 48 equal monthly installments. The fair value of the note payable is
estimated based on current interest rates available to the Company for debt
instruments with similar terms, degrees of risk, and remaining maturities. The
carrying value of the note approximates its fair value. As of December 31, 1998,
a total of $3,220,813 is outstanding under the arrangement.
5. Lease Commitments
The Company leases its facilities and equipment under non-cancelable
operating leases. Future minimum lease payments, net of future minimum sublease
rentals at December 31, 1998, are as follows:
Lease
Commitments
Lease Sublease Net of Sublease
Commitments Rentals Rentals
----------- ----------- -----------
1999 .......................... $ 1,419,313 $ 850,284 569,029
2000 .......................... 1,542,248 930,420 611,828
2001 .......................... 1,432,448 852,217 580,231
2002 .......................... 1,302,739 -- 1,302,739
2003 ......................... 1,279,608 -- 1,279,608
2004 and thereafter ........... 6,997,428 -- 6,997,428
----------- ----------- -----------
$13,973,784 $ 2,632,921 $11,340,863
=========== =========== ===========
Lease expense was $437,245, $362,532 and $209,715 for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. For the year ended December 31,
1998, such lease expense included $200,749 of office rent expense and $236,496
of equipment lease expense, compared with office rent and equipment lease
expense of $207,299 and $155,233, respectively for the year ended December 31,
1997, and office rent and equipment lease expense of $145,879 and $63,836,
respectively, for the year ended December 31, 1996.
F-13
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
6. Shareholders' Equity
Convertible Series A Preferred Stock Offering
For the year ended December 31, 1997, the Company had non-cash
preferred dividends of $34,740 reflecting the 8% per annum mandatory preferred
dividends of the Series A preferred stock. For the year ended December 31, 1996,
the Company had non-cash preferred dividends of $1,125,000 reflecting the 15%
discount in conjunction with the Common Stock variable conversion price of the
Series A preferred stock, and non-cash preferred dividends of $288,765
reflecting the 8% per annum mandatory preferred dividends of the Series A
preferred stock.
Common Stock Private Placement
On July 23, 1997, the Company completed a $3,850,000 private placement
of 1,547,827 shares of Common Stock. Net proceeds were $3,814,741. The purchase
price for all investors, except the Company's chief executive officer, was
$2.375 per share. The purchase price for the shares purchased by the Company's
chief executive officer in the private placement was $2.875 per share, which is
equal to the closing price of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market on
the date immediately preceding the closing date of the private placement.
Secondary Public Offering
On November 24, 1997, the Company completed a public offering of
2,012,500 shares of Common Stock at $7.50 per share. Net proceeds were
$13,764,069.
Preferred Stock
The Company's Articles of Incorporation provide that the Company may
issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. The Board
of Directors is authorized to establish from time to time the numbers of shares
to be included in, and the designation of, any such shares to determine or alter
the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions granted to or imposed upon
any wholly unissued series of preferred stock and to increase or decrease the
number of shares of any such series without any further vote or action by the
shareholders.
F-14
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
<TABLE>
Warrants
The Company has the following warrants outstanding to purchase Common
Stock at December 31, 1998:
<CAPTION>
Number of Exercise Price Date Expiration
Shares per Share Issued Date
- ----------------- ----------------- ------------------ ----------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
35,496 4.51 October 1994 December 31, 1999
22,368 0.01 February 1995 December 31, 1999
365,728 7.81 February 1995 December 31, 1999
44,604 9.02 March 1995 December 31, 1999
42,960 5.19 August 1995 December 31, 1999
115,000 10.31 August 1995 August 11, 2000
57,500 15.47 August 1995 August 11, 2000
661,250 9.38 August 1995 August 11, 2000
86,005 7.23 April 1996 April 18, 2001
24,000 10.50 October 1997 October 1, 2002
24,000 8.75 October 1997 October 1, 2002
94,063 9.75 November 1997 November 24, 2002
---------
1,572,974
=========
</TABLE>
Included in the table above are warrants to acquire 661,250 shares of
Common Stock at a price of $9.375 per share that were issued in connection with
the Company's initial public offering. The warrants are exercisable at any time
unless previously redeemed until August 11, 2000. The Company may redeem the
warrants, in whole or in part, at any time upon at least thirty days prior
written notice to the warrant holders at a price of $0.05 per warrant provided
that the closing price of the Common Stock has been at least $12.50 for at least
ten consecutive trading days ending on a date within 30 days before the date of
the notice of redemption. No warrants have been redeemed through December 31,
1998.
Stock Option Plans
In 1995, the Company adopted the Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan") to
provide for the issuance of incentive stock options and non-statutory stock
options. When the Plan was established, the Company reserved 700,000 shares for
issuance. In 1996, 1997 and 1998, an additional 300,000 shares, 450,000 shares,
and 1,000,000 shares were reserved for issuance under the Plan, respectively.
Under the Plan, incentive stock options may be granted at a price per share of
not less than the fair market value of Common Stock on the date of grant.
Nonqualified options may be granted at a price per share of not less than 85% of
fair market value on the date of grant. Options are exercisable to the extent
vested. The Compensation Committee establishes the vesting schedules.
F-15
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
<TABLE>
Activity under the Plan is summarized as follows:
<CAPTION>
Shares Price Weighted
Under Range Average
Option Per Share Exercise Price
----------------- ------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1995 ............................. 650,685 $0.45 - $6.66 $ 3.35
Granted ......................................... 605,447 $4.56 - $8.25 $ 5.43
Canceled ........................................ (253,443) $1.39 - $6.38 $ 4.49
Exercised ....................................... (6,344) $1.81 - $2.09 $ 1.82
--------
Balance at December 31, 1996 ............................. 996,345 $0.45 - $8.25 $ 4.34
Granted ......................................... 430,500 $3.00 - $8.81 $ 5.17
Canceled ........................................ (213,371) $3.07 - $8.25 $ 5.58
Exercised ....................................... (132,138) $0.45 - $5.69 $ 2.74
--------
Balance at December 31, 1997 ............................. 1,081,336 $0.46 - $8.81 $ 4.62
Granted ......................................... 544,000 $3.25 - $8.50 $ 6.68
Canceled ........................................ (46,344) $3.07 - $8.25 $ 6.19
Exercised ....................................... (35,564) $0.46 - $5.50 $ 3.46
--------
Balance at December 31, 1998 ............................. 1,543,428 $0.46 - $8.81 $ 5.32
==========
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1998, options to purchase 552,306 shares of Common
Stock were vested and exercisable at exercise prices ranging from $0.46 to $8.81
per share. At December 31, 1998, options to purchase 45,000 shares of Common
Stock at an exercise price of $4.56 per share vest in the year of 2001 but are
subject to earlier vesting if certain performance criteria are met. At December
31, 1998, options to purchase 36,750 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price
of $3.75 per share vest in the year of 2002 but are subject to earlier vesting
if certain performance criteria are met. At December 31, 1998, 711,801 options
to purchase shares of Common Stock were available for future option grants under
the Plan.
<TABLE>
The following table summarizes information about stock options
outstanding and exercisable related to the Plan at December 31, 1998:
<CAPTION>
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
----------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average
Outstanding at Remaining Exercise Exercisable at Exercise
Range of Exercise Price December 31, 1998 Contractual Life Price December 31, 1998 Price
----------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ----- ----------------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$0.46 - $3.75 ...... 398,198 7.6 years $3.05 189,149 $2.59
$4.38 - $6.66 ...... 716,730 8.1 years $5.25 315,822 $5.09
$7.00 - $8.81 ...... 428,500 9.2 years $7.57 47,335 $8.19
--------- -------
Total ................. 1,543,428 8.3 years $5.32 552,306 $4.50
========= =======
</TABLE>
F-16
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
<TABLE>
Activity under the Directors' Plan is summarized as follows:
<CAPTION>
Shares Price Weighted
Under Range Average
Option Per Share Exercise Price
------------------ ------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1995 ........................... 20,000 $5.00 $5.00
Granted ....................................... 50,000 $4.50 - $8.50 $5.31
-----------
Balance at December 31, 1996 ........................... 70,000 $4.50 - $8.50 $5.22
Granted ....................................... 6,000 $3.25 $3.25
-----------
Balance at December 31, 1997 ........................... 76,000 $3.25 - $8.50 $5.07
Granted ....................................... 40,000 $5.50 $5.50
Canceled ...................................... (2,000) $3.25 - $8.50 $5.88
-----------
Balance at December 31, 1998 114,000 $3.25 - $8.50 $5.20
===========
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1998, options to purchase 47,000 shares of Common Stock
were vested and exercisable at exercise prices ranging from $3.25 to $8.50 per
share. At December 31, 1998, options to purchase 36,000 shares of Common Stock
were available for future option grants under the Directors' Plan.
<TABLE>
The following table summarizes information about stock options
outstanding and exercisable related to the Directors' Plan at December 31, 1998:
<CAPTION>
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
----------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average
Outstanding at Remaining Exercise Exercisable at Exercise
Range of Exercise Price December 31, 1998 Contractual Life Price December 31, 1998 Price
- ----------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ----- ----------------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$3.25 ................... 5,000 8.4 years $3.25 1,250 $3.25
$4.50 - $5.50 ........... 105,000 8.2 years $5.17 43,750 $4.97
$8.50 ................... 4,000 7.4 years $8.50 2,000 $8.50
------- ------
Total ................... 114,000 8.2 years $5.20 47,000 $5.08
======= ======
</TABLE>
The Company has elected to follow APB Opinion No. 25 and related
interpretations in accounting for its stock options since, as discussed below,
the alternative fair market value accounting provided for under FAS 123 requires
use of option valuation models that were not developed for use in valuing stock
options. Under APB Opinion No. 25, if the exercise price of the Company's stock
options is equal to the market price of the underlying stock on the date of
grant, no compensation expense is recognized.
Pro forma information regarding net loss and net loss per common share
is required by FAS 123, which requires that the information be determined as if
the Company has accounted for its Common Stock options granted subsequent to
December 31, 1994 under the fair market value method. The fair market value for
options granted in 1998, 1997 and 1996 was estimated at the date of the grant
using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
F-17
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
The Company valued its options using the following weighted average
assumptions for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996:
1998 1997 1996
----- ----- -----
Risk-free interest rate .................... 5.14% 6.20% 6.23%
Dividend yield ............................. 0% 0% 0%
Volatility ................................. 0.531 0.487 0.517
Expected life of options in years .......... 4.6 4.9 4.8
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in
estimating the fair market value of traded options that have no vesting
restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models
require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock
price volatility. Because the Company's stock options have characteristics
significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the
subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair market value
estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily
provide a reliable single measure of the fair market value of its stock options.
<TABLE>
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the
options is amortized to expense over the options' vesting period. The Company's
pro forma information follows:
<CAPTION>
1998 1997 1996
----------------- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Pro forma net loss applicable to common
shareholders ............................. $ (8,220,952) $ (8,221,875) $ (5,494,675)
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per
share applicable to common shareholders ... $ (0.81) $ (1.23) $ (1.29)
</TABLE>
The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during
the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 was $2.88, $2.57 and $2.79,
respectively.
As a result of FAS 123 only being applicable to options granted
subsequent to December 31, 1994, its pro forma effect will not be fully
reflected until the year ending December 31, 1999.
Shares reserved
As of December 31, 1998, the Company has reserved shares of Common
Stock for future issuance as follows:
Warrants .................................................. 1,543,428
Stock Option Plans ........................................ 2,405,229
Neptune Agreement (see note 7) ............................ 1,537,191
---------
Total ..................................................... 5,485,848
=========
F-18
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
7. Product Acquisitions
In December 1997, the Company acquired patent and related intellectual
property rights relating to "Anogesic" (the "Anogesic Acquisition"), a topical
product candidate for the treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids from
Neptune Pharmaceutical Corporation. Under the terms of the Agreement, the
Company issued 429,752 shares of Common Stock to Neptune on December 31, 1997.
Upon the signing of a letter of intent on November 3, 1997, 33,057 shares of
Common Stock had been issued to Neptune. The Agreement calls for a series of
additional payments, payable in shares of Common Stock, upon successful
completion of various milestones which, if achieved, would occur over the next
several years. Depending on several factors, including the market price of the
Common Stock, such payments could result in issuance of a significant number of
shares of Common Stock. The Agreement does not provide for the payment by the
Company of any future product royalties in connection with sales of Anogesic.
8. License Agreements
In November 1996, the Company entered into an agreement with Glaxo
Wellcome Inc. ("Glaxo") for licensing rights to Glylorin, Cellegy's compound for
the treatment of ichthyoses. Under the terms of the agreement, Cellegy provided
Glaxo with an exclusive license of patent rights and know-how covering Glylorin
in most of the world's major markets. In exchange for this license, the Company
received from Glaxo an initial license fee payment. In March 1999, Cellegy and
Glaxo announced their agreement in principle to terminate the license agreement
with the return to Cellegy of Glylorin product rights.
In October 1993, the Company entered into a license agreement with the
University of California (the "Licensor") providing for an exclusive, worldwide,
royalty-bearing license, subject to customary government rights, for patent
rights relating to barrier repair formulations, jointly held by the Licensor and
the Company, in consideration of the issuance to the Licensor of certain shares
of preferred stock (which subsequently converted into shares of Common Stock)
and the payment by the Company of a licensing fee. In March 1994, the Company
entered into a second exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license agreement
with the Licensor for patent rights jointly held by the Licensor and the
Company, relating to drug delivery technologies, in consideration of the payment
by the Company of a licensing fee, and an annual maintenance fee payable each
year until the Company is commercially selling a licensed product. Both
agreements require the Company to pay the Licensor royalties based on net sales
of consumer and prescription products (with minimum annual royalty payments).
The Company has the right to grant sublicenses to third parties under both
agreements. In May and October 1997, the Licensor and the Company amended these
agreements. The amendments modified and extended certain development and
commercialization milestones contained in the original agreements. The revised
milestones are tied to the achievement of certain clinical, regulatory, or
product commercialization goals over the next several years. Although there can
be no assurance that such goals will be achieved, the Company believes its
development programs in place will result in the satisfaction of such
milestones.
F-19
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
9. Income Taxes
At December 31, 1998, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards
of approximately $23,900,000 and $8,200,000 for federal and state purposes,
respectively. The federal net operating loss carryforwards expire between the
years 2004 and 2018. The state net operating loss carryforwards expire between
the years 1999 and 2003. At December 31, 1998, the Company also has research and
development credit carryforwards of approximately $600,000 and $300,000 for
federal and state purposes, respectively.
The federal credits expire between the years 2006 and 2018.
Pursuant to the "change in ownership" provisions of the Tax Reform Act
of 1986, utilization of the Company's net operating loss and research and
development tax credit carryforwards may be limited if a cumulative change of
ownership of more than 50% occurs within any three-year period.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial
reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant
components of the Company's deferred tax liabilities and assets are as follows:
December 31,
-------------------------------
1998 1997
------------ ------------
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards ........ $ 8,600,000 $ 5,986,000
Credit carryforwards .................... 700,000 477,000
Capitalized intangibles ................. 2,200,000 510,000
Other, net .............................. (200,000) 169,000
------------ ------------
Total deferred tax assets .................. 11,300,000 7,142,000
Valuation allowance......................... (11,300,000) (7,142,000)
------------ ------------
Net deferred tax assets..................... $ -- $ --
============ ============
The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets increased by
approximately $4,158,000 and $1,827,000 during the years ended December 31, 1998
and 1997, respectively.
10. Segment Reporting
The Company has two business segments: pharmaceuticals and
cosmeceuticals. Pharmaceuticals include primarily research and development
expenses for potential prescription products to be marked directly by the
Company or through corporate partners. Current pharmaceutical revenues consist
primarily of licensing, milestones and development funding from one licensee,
Glaxo Wellcome Inc. The Company expects to complete other corporate
collaborations in the future for a number of its potential pharmaceutical
products, which may result in milestones, development funding and royalties on
sales. Cellegy expects to generate future revenues on potential products it
intends to self-market.
The cosmeceutical business segment includes primarily development
expenses for non-prescription anti-aging products. Using related technologies,
Cellegy is currently incurring development expenses and receiving all of its
product sales from one customer, Gryphon Development, Inc., which is selling
product through Bath and Body Works specialty retail stores exclusively in the
United States.
Cellegy allocates its research expenses and personnel to each business
segment, but does not assess segment performance or allocate resources based on
a segment's assets and, therefore, assets are not reported by segment. The
accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described
in the summary of significant accounting policies.
F-20
<PAGE>
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(a development stage company)
Notes to Financial Statements - (Continued)
The Company's segments are business units that will, in some cases,
distribute products to different types of customers through different marketing
programs. The potential future sales of cosmeceutical products to prestige
department stores requires a significantly different marketing effort than sales
of pharmaceutical products to physicians and other traditional pharmaceutical
distribution channels. Pharmaceutical products require more extensive clinical
testing and ultimately regulatory approval by the FDA and other worldwide health
registration agencies, requiring more a extensive level of development,
manufacturing and compliance than a cosmeceutical product.
The following table contains information regarding revenues and
operating income (loss) of each business segment for the years ended December
31, 1998, 1997 and 1996:
Years ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
----------- ----------- -----------
Revenues:
Pharmaceuticals ....... $ 373,750 $ 827,695 $ 647,660
Cosmeceuticals ........ 457,970 -- --
----------- ----------- -----------
$ 831,720 $ 827,695 $ 647,660
=========== =========== ===========
Loss from Operations:
Pharmaceuticals ....... $(8,011,630) $(8,066,973) $(3,698,265)
Cosmeceuticals ........ (423,078) (343,030) --
----------- ----------- -----------
$(8,434,708) $(8,410,003) $(3,698,265)
=========== =========== ===========
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement
(Form S-8 No. 333-06065), the Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-32301),
and the Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-60343) pertaining to the 1992
Stock Option Plan, 1995 Equity Incentive Plan, and 1995 Directors' Stock Option
Plan, and in the Registration Statement (Form SB-2 No. 33-93288 LA), the
Registration Statement (Form SB-2 No. 33-03401), the Registration Statement
(Form S-1 No. 333-38179), the Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 33-11457),
the Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-36057), and the Registration
Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-46087) of Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of our
report dated February 5, 1999, with respect to the financial statements of
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. included in the Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the
year ended December 31, 1998.
ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Palo Alto, California
March 22, 1999
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> 9-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1998
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1998
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1998
<CASH> 1,611
<SECURITIES> 13,609
<RECEIVABLES> 0
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 53
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 10,326
<PP&E> 2,990
<DEPRECIATION> (159)
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 19,484
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 2,367
<BONDS> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 44,363
<OTHER-SE> (30,145)
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 19,484
<SALES> 0
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 832
<CGS> 113
<TOTAL-COSTS> 0
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 9,153
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> (22)
<INCOME-PRETAX> (7,366)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> 0
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (7,366)
<EPS-PRIMARY> (0.73)
<EPS-DILUTED> (0.73)
</TABLE>
