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As filed with the Securities And Exchange Commission on December 13, 1999
Registration No. 333-_______
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
AASTROM BIOSCIENCES, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
_______________
Michigan 94-3096597
(State or Other Jurisdiction (IRS Employer Identification
of Incorporation or Number)
Organization)
24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive
P.O. Box 376
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
(734) 930-5555
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including
Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)
_______________
R. Douglas Armstrong, Ph.D.
President and Chief Executive Officer
Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.
24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive
P.O. Box 376
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
(734) 930-5555
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including
Area Code, of Agent for Service)
_______________
Copies to:
Douglas J. Rein, Esq.
Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP
4365 Executive Drive, Suite 1600
San Diego, CA 92121
Telephone: (858) 677-1400
Facsimile: (858) 677-1477
_______________
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
From time to time as described in the Prospectus.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box. [_]
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest
reinvestment plans, check the following box. [X]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [_]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [_]
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
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Proposed Proposed
Amount Maximum Maximum Amount Of
Title Of Shares To Be Aggregate Price Aggregate Registration
To Be Registered Registered Per Unit (2) Offering Price (2) Fee (3)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
common stock ($0 par value) 15,191,436(1) $1.2815 $19,467,826 $5,140
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</TABLE>
1) Includes shares of common stock which may be offered pursuant to this
Registration Statement consisting of an estimated 19,906,604 shares
issuable upon conversion of 4,000 shares of 1998 Series I Convertible
Preferred Stock, 1,850 shares of 1999 Series III Convertible Preferred
Stock and the exercise of the warrants issued in connection with the sale
of the Series III Shares. For purposes of estimating the number of shares
of common stock to be included in this Registration Statement, the Company
calculated 150% of the number of shares of common stock issuable in
connection with the conversion of the Series I shares and Series III shares
(based on a conversion price of $0.475875, which is the lowest average of
the closing bid prices of the common stock reported on the Nasdaq National
Market for the lowest five consecutive trading days during the twenty
trading days shortly preceding the initial filing of this Registration
Statement, multiplied by 94% pursuant to the terms of the Series I shares
and Series III shares) and subtracted the 4,715,168 shares of common stock
registered under previous Registration Statements but not sold. In addition
to the 15,191,436 shares set forth in the table above, this Registration
Statement also covers such indeterminate number of additional shares as may
become issuable upon conversion of Series I shares or Series III shares as
a result of any future stock splits, stock dividends or similar
transactions covered by Rule 416. Aastrom is not relying on Rule 416 to
register any additional shares issuable or a result of other changes in the
conversion price of the Series I shares or Series III shares. Pursuant to
Rule 429, 3,794,874 shares are being carried forward from Registration
Statement 333-81399 and 4,163,855 shares are being carried forward from
Registration Statement 333-60125.
2) Estimated, pursuant to Rule 457(c), solely for the purpose of calculating
the registration fee based on the average of the high and low prices for
the common stock, as reported on the Nasdaq National Market on December 8,
1999.
(3) Fees in the aggregate amount of $4,045 were previously paid in connection
with the securities carried forward from Registration Statement 333-81399
and Registration Statement 333-60125.
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or
dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant
shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this
Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with
Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration
Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting
pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
================================================================================
Pursuant to Rule 429, the prospectus contained in this Registration Statement is
a combined prospectus that relates to this Registration Statement and to
Registration Statement 333-81399 and Registration Statement 333-60125.
<PAGE>
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. THE
SELLING HOLDER MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNDER THIS PROSPECTUS UNTIL THE
REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS
EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL NOR DOES IT SEEK AN OFFER TO
BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER AND SALE WOULD NOT BE
PERMITTED.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER ___, 1999
PROSPECTUS
- ----------
23,150,165 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
AASTROM BIOSCIENCES, INC.
This Prospectus relates to the offer and sale of 23,150,165 shares of
common stock being offered by RGC International Investors, LDC. The shares are
issuable upon conversion of shares of our 1998 Series I Convertible Preferred
Stock, our 1999 Series III Convertible Preferred Stock and upon exercise of
warrants issued in connection with the sale of the 1999 Series III Convertible
Preferred Stock.
Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"ASTM." The selling stockholder will determine the price it may offer or sell
shares of our common stock independent of Aastrom. On December 8, 1999, the last
sale price of our common stock was $1.188 and 19,479,643 shares were issued and
outstanding.
INVESTING IN THE COMMON STOCK INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. YOU SHOULD
CONSIDER CAREFULLY THE RISK FACTORS BEGINNING ON PAGE 5 OF THIS PROSPECTUS
BEFORE MAKING A DECISION TO PURCHASE OUR STOCK.
________________
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS
PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
________________
THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS IS DECEMBER ___, 1999.
1
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================================================================================
You should rely only on the information provided or incorporated by reference in
this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with additional or
different information. This document may only be used where it is legal to sell
these securities. You should not assume that any information in this prospectus
is accurate as of any date other than the date of this prospectus.
================================================================================
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
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Page
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<S> <C>
Summary................................... 3
Risk Factors.............................. 5
Where You Can Find More Information....... 14
Selling Shareholder....................... 15
Plan of Distribution...................... 16
Use of Proceeds........................... 18
Legal Matters............................. 18
Experts................................... 18
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</TABLE>
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SUMMARY
-------
Because this is a summary, it does not contain all the information about us
that may be important to you. You should read the more detailed information and
the financial statements and related notes which are incorporated by reference
in this Prospectus.
Aastrom
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Aastrom develops proprietary process technologies and devices for a range
of cell therapy applications. The AastromReplicell(TM) System is our lead
product under development, and consists of a clinical cell culture system that
operates single-use therapy kits tailored for patient therapy in the emerging
cell therapy market. Commercialization of the AastromReplicell(TM) System for
use in stem cell therapy has begun in Europe. However, because of funding
limitations, we have suspended marketing efforts in Europe until additional
funding is obtained. Aastrom believes that the AastromReplicell(TM) System
method will be a cost-effective, less invasive and less time consuming
alternative, or improvement to, currently available stem cell collection methods
and may enhance the clinical utility of umbilical cord blood transplants by
expanding the number of cells available for transplant. The AastromReplicell(TM)
System is designed as a platform product which implements Aastrom's pioneering
stem cell replication technology. Aastrom believes that the AastromReplicell(TM)
System can be modified to produce a wide variety of other cell types for
selected emerging therapies currently in development.
Stem cell therapy is a form of cell therapy used to restore blood and
immune system function to cancer patients following chemotherapy or radiation
therapy. Current stem cell collection methods, including bone marrow harvest and
peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization, can be costly, invasive and time-
consuming for both medical personnel and patients. Aastrom believes that the
AastromReplicell(TM) System will offer significant advantages over traditional
stem cell collection methods. The AastromReplicell(TM) System is intended to be
used to produce cells used for stem cell therapy from a small starting volume of
bone marrow or umbilical cord blood cells. Further, in an evaluation of seven
tumor-contaminated bone marrow samples that were expanded with the
AastromReplicell(TM) System process, the presence of breast cancer cells in each
sample was either substantially reduced or was no longer detectable. Aastrom
believes that the combination of passive tumor cell depletion during culture
with the lower starting volume cells used for the procedure may result in a
procedure that offers a tumor-free or tumor-reduced cell product for transplant.
Although Aastrom may not market the AastromReplicell(TM) System in the United
States for stem cell therapy unless and until it receives FDA and other
necessary regulatory approvals, Aastrom has already completed production-level
versions of the AastromReplicell(TM) System and has obtained permission to affix
the CE Mark to such versions. This has allowed Aastrom to initiate a limited
product launch in Europe.
Aastrom's principal executive offices are located at 24 Frank Lloyd Wright
Drive, P.O. Box 376, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Aastrom's telephone number is (734)
930-5555.
The Offering
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Common stock offered by the selling shareholder............... 23,150,165 shares
For purposes of estimating the number of shares of common stock covered by
this prospectus Aastrom calculated the number of shares of common stock issuable
in connection with the conversion of 1998 Series I Convertible Preferred Shares
(the "Series I Shares") and the 1999 Series III Convertible Preferred Shares
(the "Series III Shares") (based on a conversion price of $0.475875, which is
the lowest
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average of the closing bid prices of the common stock reported on the Nasdaq
National Market for the lowest five consecutive trading days during the twenty
trading days preceding December 8, 1999 multiplied by 94% pursuant to the terms
of the Series I Shares and Series III Shares) and added the number of shares
issuable upon exercise of the warrants issued in connection with the sale of the
Series III Shares and added those shares carried forward from Registration
Statement No. 333-81399 and Registration Statement No. 333-60125.
4
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RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risk factors before purchasing
our common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only
ones we face. There may be additional risks and uncertainties that are not known
to us or that we do not consider to be material at this time. If the events
described in these risks occur, our business, financial condition and results of
operations would likely suffer. This prospectus contains forward-looking
statements which involve risks and uncertainties. Aastrom's actual results may
differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking
statements. This section discusses some of the factors that might cause those
differences.
We Cannot Be Certain That We Will Be Able to Raise the Required Capital to
Conduct Our Operations and Develop Our Products.
We will require substantial capital resources in order to conduct our
operations and develop our products. Based on our declining level of capital
resources and our current financing alternatives, we recently reduced our
operations to align the existing resources with our focus on pursuing corporate
strategic alternatives, including a possible merger or acquisition. This
reduction in our operating activities has negatively impacted our ability to
develop our products. Aastrom anticipates that its available cash and expected
interest income will only be sufficient to finance its current activities into
early 2000. If we can not obtain additional funding, Aastrom will be forced to
further substantial reductions in the scope and size of its operations and has
only a very limited amount of capital to sustain its operations, even at a
reduced scale. This estimate is based on certain assumptions, which could be
negatively impacted by the matters discussed under this heading and elsewhere
under the caption "Risk Factors." In order to resume our earlier activities,
grow and expand our business, and to introduce our product candidates into the
marketplace, Aastrom will need to raise additional funds. We will also need
additional funds or a collaborative partner to finance the research and
development activities of Aastrom's product candidates for the expansion of
additional cell types.
Aastrom's future capital requirements will depend upon many factors,
including:
. continued scientific progress in its research and development
programs;
. costs and timing of conducting clinical trials and seeking
regulatory approvals and patent prosecutions;
. competing technological and market developments;
. the ability of Aastrom to establish additional collaborative
relationships; and
. effective commercialization activities and facilities expansions
if and as required.
Because of our long-term funding requirements, we may attempt to access the
public or private equity markets if and whenever conditions are favorable, even
if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital at that time. This
additional funding may not be available to Aastrom on reasonable terms, or at
all. If adequate funds are not available, Aastrom may be required to further
delay or terminate research and development programs, curtail capital
expenditures, and reduce business development and other operating activities.
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If We Cannot Complete Our Product Development Activities Successfully, Our
Ability to Operate or Finance Operations Will Be Severely Limited.
Commercialization in the United States of our lead product candidate, the
AastromReplicell(TM) Cell Production System ("System"), will require additional
research and development by Aastrom as well as substantial clinical trials.
While we have commenced initial marketing on a limited basis of the Aastrom
Replicell(TM) System in Europe, we believe that the United States will be the
principal market for our products. Aastrom may not be able to successfully
complete development of the AastromReplicell(TM) System or its other product
candidates, or successfully market its technologies or product candidates.
Aastrom or its potential collaborators may encounter problems and delays
relating to research and development, regulatory approval and intellectual
property rights of Aastrom's technologies and product candidates. Aastrom's
research and development programs may not be successful, and its cell culture
technologies and product candidates may not facilitate the ex vivo production of
cells with the expected biological activities in humans. Our technologies and
product candidates may not prove to be safe and efficacious in clinical trials,
and we may not obtain the intended regulatory approvals for our technologies or
product candidates and the cells produced in such products. If any of these
events happen, we may not have adequate resources to continue operations for the
period required to resolve the issue delaying commercialization and we may not
be able to raise capital to finance our continued operation during the period
required for resolution of that issue.
We Must Successfully Complete Our Clinical Trials to be Able to Market Our
Products.
To be able to market products in the United States, Aastrom must
demonstrate, through extensive preclinical studies and clinical trials, the
safety and efficacy of its processes and product candidates, together with the
cells produced by such processes in such products, for application in the
treatment of humans. Aastrom is currently conducting a pivotal clinical trial to
demonstrate the safety and biological activity of patient-derived cells produced
in the AastromReplicell(TM) System. Contingent upon the availability of
resources, we intend to commence two other pivotal clinical trials to
demonstrate the safety and biological activity of umbilical cord blood cells
produced in the AastromReplicell(TM|) System. If our clinical trials are not
successful, our products may not be marketable.
Our ability to complete our clinical trials in a timely manner depends on
many factors, including the rate of patient enrollment. Patient enrollment can
vary with the size of the patient population, the proximity of suitable patients
to clinical sites, perceptions of the utility of stem cell therapy for the
treatment of certain diseases and the eligibility criteria for the study. We
have experienced delays in patient accrual in our previous and current clinical
trials. If we experience future delays in patient accrual, we could experience
increased costs and delays associated with clinical trials which would impair
our product development programs and our ability to market our products.
Furthermore, the FDA monitors the progress of clinical trials and it may suspend
or terminate clinical trials at any time due to patient safety or other
considerations.
Failure to Obtain and Maintain Required Regulatory Approvals Would Severely
Limit Our Ability to Sell Our Products.
We must obtain the approval of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the
"FDA") before commercial sales of Aastrom's product candidates may commence in
the United States, which we believe will be the principal market for our
products. We may also be required to obtain additional approvals from foreign
regulatory authorities to continue or increase our sales activities in those
jurisdictions. If we cannot demonstrate the safety, reliability and efficacy of
our product candidates, or
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of the cells produced in such products, we may not be able to obtain required
regulatory approvals. Many of the patients enrolled in the clinical trials will
have previously undergone extensive treatment which will have substantially
weakened the patients and may have irreparably damaged the ability of their
blood and immune systems to recover. Some patients undergoing the transplant
recovery process have died, from causes that were, according to the physicians
involved, unrelated to the AastromReplicell(TM) System procedure, and it is
possible that other patients may die or suffer severe complications during the
course of either the current trials or future trials. In addition, patients
receiving cells produced with Aastrom's technologies and product candidates may
not demonstrate long-term engraftment in a manner comparable to cells obtained
from current stem cell therapy procedures. If we cannot demonstrate the safety
or efficacy of our technologies and product candidates, including long-term
sustained engraftment, or if one or more patients die or suffer severe
complications, the FDA or other regulatory authorities could delay or withhold
regulatory approval of our product candidates.
Finally, even if we obtain regulatory approval of a product, that approval
may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which it may be
marketed. Even after granting regulatory approval, the FDA, other regulatory
agencies, and governments in other countries continue to review and inspect
marketed products, manufacturers and manufacturing facilities. Later discovery
of previously unknown problems with a product, manufacturer or facility may
result in restrictions on the product or manufacturer, including a withdrawal of
the product from the market. Further, governmental regulatory agencies may
establish additional regulations which could prevent or delay regulatory
approval of our products.
Even If We Obtain Regulatory Approvals to Sell Our Products, Lack of Commercial
Acceptance Would Impair Our Business.
Aastrom's product development efforts are primarily directed toward
obtaining regulatory approval to market the AastromReplicell(TM) System as an
alternative to, or as an improvement for, the bone marrow harvest and peripheral
blood progenitor cell stem cell collection methods. These stem cell collection
methods have been widely practiced for a number of years, and Aastrom's
technologies or product candidates may not be accepted by the marketplace as
readily as these or other competing processes and methodologies. Additionally,
our technologies or product candidates may not be employed in all potential
applications being investigated, and any limited applications would limit the
market acceptance of our technologies and product candidates and our potential
revenues. As a result, even if we obtain all required regulatory approvals, we
cannot be certain that our products and processes will be adopted at a level
that would allow us to operate profitably.
Failure of Third Parties to Manufacture Component Parts or Provide Limited
Source Supplies Would Impair Our New Product Development and Our Sales
Activities.
Aastrom relies solely on third parties to manufacture its product
candidates and their component parts. Aastrom also relies solely on third party
suppliers to provide necessary key mechanical components, as well as growth
factors and other materials used in the cell expansion process. We would not be
able to obtain alternate sources of supply for many of these items on a short-
term basis. If any of our key manufacturers or suppliers fail to perform their
respective obligations or if our supply of growth factors, components or other
materials is limited or interrupted, we would not be able to conduct clinical
trials or market our product candidates on a timely and cost-competitive basis,
if at all.
Furthermore, some of the compounds used by Aastrom in its current stem cell
expansion processes involve the use of animal-derived products. Suppliers or
regulatory authorities may limit or
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restrict the availability of such compounds for clinical and commercial use. Any
restrictions on these compounds would impose a potential competitive
disadvantage for Aastrom's products. If Aastrom was not able to develop or
obtain alternative compounds, its product development and commercialization
efforts would be harmed.
Finally, Aastrom may not be able to continue its present arrangements with
its suppliers, supplement existing relationships, establish new relationships or
be able to identify and obtain the ancillary materials that are necessary to
develop its product candidates in the future. Aastrom's dependence upon third
parties for the supply and manufacture of such items could adversely affect
Aastrom's ability to develop and deliver commercially feasible products on a
timely and competitive basis.
Our Past Losses and Expected Future Losses Cast Doubt on Our Ability to
Operate Profitably.
Aastrom was incorporated in 1989 and has experienced substantial operating
losses since inception. As of September 30, 1999, Aastrom has incurred net
operating losses totaling approximately $73 million. These losses have resulted
principally from costs incurred in the research and development of Aastrom's
cell culture technologies and the AastromReplicell(TM) System, general and
administrative expenses, and the prosecution of patent applications. Aastrom
expects to incur significant operating losses until product sales increase,
primarily owing to its research and development programs, including preclinical
studies and clinical trials, and the establishment of marketing and distribution
capabilities necessary to support commercialization efforts for its products.
Aastrom cannot predict with any certainty the amount of future losses. Aastrom's
ability to achieve profitability will depend, among other things, on
successfully completing the development of its product candidates, obtaining
regulatory approvals, establishing manufacturing, sales and marketing
arrangements with third parties, and raising sufficient funds to finance its
activities. Aastrom may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability.
Given Our Limited Internal Sales and Marketing Capabilities, We Need to Develop
Collaborative Relationships to Sell, Market and Distribute Our Products.
While we have commenced initial marketing on a limited basis of the
AastromReplicell(TM) System in Europe, we have only limited internal sales,
marketing and distribution capabilities. We intend to market our products
through collaborative relationships with companies for sales, marketing and
distribution capabilities. If we cannot develop and maintain those
relationships, we would have only limited abilities to market, sell and
distribute our products. Even if we are able to enter into those relationships,
they may not succeed or be sustained on a long-term basis, and termination would
require us to develop alternate arrangements at a time when we need sales,
marketing or distribution capabilities to meet existing demand. For example, in
November 1998 Aastrom and COBE BCT terminated their strategic alliance for the
worldwide distribution of the AastromReplicell( System for stem cell therapy and
related uses and Aastrom is seeking to enter into other arrangements relating to
the development and marketing of our product candidates.
Any Changes in the Governmental Regulatory Classifications of Our Products
Could Prevent, Limit or Delay Our Ability to Market or Develop Our Products.
The FDA establishes regulatory requirements based on the classification of
a product. Although the FDA has indicated it intends to regulate the
AastromReplicell(TM) System for stem cell therapy as a Class III medical
device, the FDA may ultimately choose to regulate the AastromReplicell(TM)
System under another category. Because our product development programs are
designed to satisfy the
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standards applicable to Class III medical devices, a change in the regulatory
classification would affect our ability to obtain FDA approval of our products.
Also, the FDA is in the process of developing its requirements with respect to
somatic cell therapy and gene cell therapy products. Until the FDA issues
definitive regulations covering our product candidates, the regulatory
guidelines or requirements for approval of such product candidates will continue
to be uncertain.
If We Do Not Keep Pace With Our Competitors and With Technological and Market
Changes, Our Products May Become Obsolete and Our Business May Suffer.
The market for our product is very competitive and is subject to rapid
technological changes. Many of Aastrom's competitors have significantly greater
resources, more product candidates and have developed product candidates and
processes that directly compete with Aastrom's products. Aastrom's competitors
may have developed, or could in the future develop, new technologies that
compete with our products or even render our products obsolete. In addition,
some recently published studies have suggested that stem cell therapy, which is
the current principal market for our products, may have limited clinical benefit
in the treatment of breast cancer, which is a significant portion of the current
overall stem cell transplant market. Our products are designed to improve upon
traditional stem cell collection methods, but even if we are able to demonstrate
improved or equivalent results, practitioners may not switch to our new
processes. Given the experience and expertise associated with traditional
methods, if we can not develop our cell production procedure to lead to a less
expensive and quicker recovery time than seen with the traditional methods, we
will suffer a competitive disadvantage. Finally, to the extent that others
develop new technologies that address the diseases and health conditions we have
targeted, our business will suffer.
If Our Patents and Proprietary Rights Do Not Provide Substantial Protection,
Our Business and Competitive Position Will Suffer.
Our success depends in large part on our ability to develop or license and
protect proprietary products and technologies. However, we cannot assure you
that patents will be granted on any of our pending or future patent
applications. We also cannot be assured that the scope of any of our issued
patents will be sufficiently broad to offer meaningful protection. In addition,
our issued patents or patents licensed to us could be successfully challenged,
invalidated or circumvented so that our patent rights would not create an
effective competitive barrier. Furthermore, Aastrom relies on licenses granted
by the University of Michigan for certain of its patent rights. If Aastrom
breaches such agreements or otherwise fails to comply with such agreements, or
if such agreements expire or are otherwise terminated, Aastrom may lose its
rights under the patents held by the University of Michigan. Aastrom also relies
on trade secrets and unpatentable know-how which it seeks to protect, in part,
by confidentiality agreements with its employees, consultants, suppliers and
licensees. These agreements may be breached, and Aastrom might not have adequate
remedies for any breach. If this were to occur, or business and competitive
position would suffer.
Intellectual Property Litigation Could Harm Our Business.
Aastrom's success will also depend in part on its ability to develop
commercially viable products without infringing the proprietary rights of
others. Although Aastrom has not been subject to any filed infringement claims,
other patents could exist or could be filed which would prohibit or limit our
ability to market our products or maintain our competitive position. In the
event of an intellectual property dispute, Aastrom may be forced to litigate.
Intellectual property litigation would divert management's attention from
developing our products and would force Aastrom to incur substantial costs
regardless of
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whether we are successful. An adverse outcome could subject Aastrom to
significant liabilities to third parties, and force Aastrom to curtail or cease
its development and sale of its products and processes.
The Market for Our Products Will Be Heavily Dependent on Third Party
Reimbursement Policies.
Aastrom's ability to successfully commercialize its product candidates will
depend on the extent to which government healthcare programs, such as Medicare
and Medicaid, as well as private health insurers, health maintenance
organizations and other third party payors will pay for our products and related
treatments. Reimbursement by third-party payors depends on a number of factors,
including the payor's determination that use of the product is safe and
effective, not experimental or investigational, medically necessary, appropriate
for the specific patient and cost-effective. Reimbursement in the United States
or foreign countries may not be available or maintained for any of Aastrom's
product candidates. If we do not obtain approvals for adequate third-party
reimbursements, we may not be able to establish or maintain price levels
sufficient to realize an appropriate return on our investment in product
development. Any limits on reimbursement available from third-party payors may
reduce the demand for, or negatively affect the price of, our products.
Potential Products Liability Claims Could Effect Our Earnings and Financial
Condition.
Aastrom faces an inherent business risk of exposure to product liability
claims in the event that the use of the AastromReplicell(TM) System during
research and development efforts, including clinical trials, or after
commercialization results in adverse effects. As a result, Aastrom may incur
significant product liability exposure, which could exceed existing insurance
coverage. We may not be able to maintain adequate levels of insurance at
reasonable cost and/or reasonable terms. Excessive insurance costs or uninsured
claims would increase our operating loss and affect our financial condition.
If We Cannot Attract and Retain Key Personnel, Our Business Will Suffer.
Our success depends in large part upon our ability to attract and retain
highly qualified scientific and management personnel. We face competition for
such personnel from other companies, research and academic institutions and
other entities. For example, since our initial public offering in February 1997
three of the six executive officers who were with Aastrom at the time have since
left for positions with other organizations and Aastrom has hired two new
executive officers to assume their responsibilities. We may not be successful in
hiring or retaining key personnel.
The 1998 Series I Preferred Shares and the 1999 Series III Preferred Shares
Have the Potential for Substantial Dilution.
As of December 8, 1999, there are 4,000 shares of Series I Shares, and
1,850 shares of Series III Shares outstanding (together, the "Preferred
Shares"). The Preferred Shares are each convertible into a number of shares of
common stock that increases as the current market price of the common stock
decreases. If the selling shareholder was able to and did convert all of its
Preferred Shares as of December 8, 1999, the selling shareholder would have
received approximately 13.1 million shares of common stock. This number of
shares could become significantly greater in the event of a decrease in the
trading price of the common stock. Purchasers of common stock could therefore
experience substantial dilution of their investment upon conversion of the
Preferred Shares. The Preferred Shares are not registered and may be sold only
if registered under the Securities Act or sold in accordance with an applicable
exemption from registration, such as Rule 144. The shares of common stock into
which the Preferred Shares may be converted are being registered pursuant to
this Registration Statement.
10
<PAGE>
Our Stock Price Has Been Volatile and Future Sales of Substantial Numbers of Our
Shares Could Have an Adverse Effect on the Market Price of Our Shares.
The market price of shares of our common stock has been volatile. The price
of our common stock may continue to fluctuate in response to a number of events
and factors, such as:
. clinical trial results;
. the amount of our cash resources and our ability to obtain
additional funding;
. announcements of research activities, business developments,
technological innovations or new products by us or our
competitors;
. changes in government regulation;
. disputes concerning patents or proprietary rights;
. changes in our revenues or expense levels;
. public concern regarding the safety, efficacy or other aspects of
the products or methodologies we are developing; and
. changes in recommendations by securities analysts.
Any of these events may cause the price of our shares to fall, which may
adversely affect our business and financing opportunities. In addition, the
stock market in general and the market prices for biotechnology companies in
particular have experience significant volatility that often has been unrelated
to the operating performance or financial conditions of such companies. These
broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of
our shares, regardless of our operating performance or prospects. For example,
within the last year, our stock price has experienced a day where it traded at
approximately twice the previous day's closing price and another day when it
dropped by approximately 40% from the previous day's closing price.
In addition, sales, or the possibility of sales, of substantial numbers of
shares of common stock in the public market could adversely affect prevailing
market prices of shares of common stock. Our employees hold a significant number
of options to purchase shares, many of which are presently exercisable.
Employees may exercise their options and sell shares shortly after such options
become exercisable, particularly if they need to raise funds to pay for the
exercise of such options or to satisfy tax liabilities that they may incur in
connection with exercising their options. Additionally, beginning January 1,
2001, COBE BCT will be able to sell all of its approximately 2.4 million shares
of our common stock without restriction.
Our Corporate Documents and Michigan Law Contain Provisions That May Make It
More Difficult For Us to Be Acquired.
Our board of directors has the authority, without shareholder approval, to
issue additional shares of preferred stock and to fix the rights, preferences,
privileges and restrictions of these shares without any further vote or action
by our shareholders. This authority, together with certain provisions of our
charter documents, may have the effect of making it more difficult for a third
party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire,
control of our company. This effect could occur even if our shareholders
consider the change in control to be in their best interest.
11
<PAGE>
We May Be Required to Redeem a Portion of the Series I or Series III Shares,
Which Would Significantly Reduce Our Limited Cash Resources.
The holders of Series I Shares or Series III Shares may require us to
redeem some or all of those shares. These redemption rights would be triggered
if we fail to issue shares of common stock on conversion of the Series I Shares
or Series III Shares, if we fail to maintain the effectiveness of a registration
statement for the resale of those shares of common stock, if we are subject to
bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, or if we fail to maintain our listing on
the Nasdaq stock market. Any redemption would reduce our available cash
resources, which are already very limited.
Our Stock May Be Delisted From Nasdaq, Which Could Affect its Market Price and
Liquidity.
We are required to meet certain financial tests (including a minimum bid
price of our common stock of $1.00 and $5 million in tangible net-worth) to
maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market. As a
result of recent price fluctuations, our common stock price has fallen below the
minimum level and we have been notified that our common stock will be delisted
if the Company does not regain compliance with the minimum listing requirements
prior to February 16, 2000, unless an exemption is granted. If that happened the
market price and liquidity of our Common Stock would be impaired.
Absence of Dividends Could Reduce Our Attractiveness to Investors.
Some investors favor companies that pay dividends, particularly in market
downturns. Aastrom has never paid cash dividends on its common stock and does
not anticipate paying any cash dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable
future. Therefore, your return on this investment will depend on your ability to
sell our stock at a profit.
Year 2000 Issues May Adversely Affect Our Computer Systems and Our Business.
Many currently installed computer systems and software products cannot
distinguish 20/th/ century dates from 21/st/ century dates. As a result, some
computer systems and/or software will experience operating difficulties unless
they are modified or upgraded to adequately process information involving,
related to, or dependent upon the century change. In light of the potentially
broad effects of the year 2000 on a wide range of business systems, we may be
affected. We utilize and are dependent upon data processing computer hardware
and software to conduct our business. We have completed an assessment of our own
computer systems and based upon this assessment, we believe our computer systems
are substantially "Year 2000 compliant;" that is, our computer systems are
capable of adequately distinguishing 21/st/ century dates from 20/th/ century
dates. However, we may not have identified all significant Year 2000 problems in
our computer systems, and therefore may be subject to unknown risk and expense.
Based on our internal assessment, we believe that the most likely worst case
scenario would involve our suppliers and manufacturers. We have not determined
the extent, or completed activities to minimize the risk of the computer systems
of our suppliers and manufacturers being not Year 2000 compliant, or not
becoming compliant on a timely basis. We expect to make inquires with these
suppliers through the end of 1999. Year 2000 problems could prevent any of our
suppliers from timely delivery of products or services that we need. We
currently believe that our costs to address the Year 2000 issue relating to our
suppliers will not be material, and that these costs will be funded from our
operating cash flows. To the extent practical, we intend to identify alternative
suppliers and manufacturers in the event our preferred suppliers cannot deliver
products or services that we need on a timely basis. Our expectations of Year
2000 costs relating to our suppliers and manufacturers are only
12
<PAGE>
estimates, which were derived from numerous assumptions of future events,
including the continued availability of resources and third-party remediation
plans with regard to year 2000 issues. These estimates may not be correct and
actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
Forward-Looking Statements
This prospectus contains certain forward-looking statements within the
meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding:
. uncertainties related to potential strategic collaborations with
others;
. future capital needs and uncertainty of additional funding;
. uncertainties related to product development and marketability;
. uncertainties related to clinical trials;
. manufacturing and supply uncertainties and dependence on third
parties;
. anticipation of future losses;
. limited sales and marketing capabilities;
. uncertainty of regulatory approval and extensive government
regulation;
. competition and technological change;
. uncertainty regarding patents and proprietary rights;
. no assurance of third party reimbursement;
. hazardous materials; and
. potential product liability and availability of insurance.
These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those set
forth in this Risk Factors section, and actual results could differ materially
from those expressed or implied in these statements. All forward-looking
statements included in this prospectus are made as of the date hereof. Aastrom
assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statement or reason why
actual results might differ.
13
<PAGE>
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other
information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the
SEC's public reference rooms located at Room 1024, 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549, at The Citicorp Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite
1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661, and at Seven World Trade Center, Suite 1300, New
York, New York 10048. Please call the SEC at 1800SEC0330 for further
information on the public reference rooms. Our filings with the SEC are also
available to the public on the SEC's Internet web site at http://www.sec.gov.
------------------
The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" the information we file
with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by
referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is
considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we file with the
SEC later will automatically update and supersede the information in this
Prospectus or incorporated by reference. The following documents filed by us
and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c) 14 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, until the selling shareholder
sells all of the common stock offered hereby, are incorporated by reference in
this Prospectus:
(a) the Company's Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended June
30, 1999 (Commission File No.: 000-22025), but specifically
excluding The Report of the Independent Accountants thereto which
is superceded by the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed
on December 10, 1999 (Commission File No. 000-22025);
(b) the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1999 (Commission File No. 000-22025);
(c) the Company's current report of Form 8-K filed with the
Commission on October 27, 1999 (Commission File No.: 000-22025);
(d) the Company's current report of Form 8-K filed with the
Commission on December 10, 1999 (Commission File No.: 000-22025);
and
(e) the Company's Registration Statement on Form 8-A
(Commission File No.: 000-22025).
YOU MAY REQUEST A COPY OF THESE FILINGS, AT NO COST, BY WRITING OR
TELEPHONING US AT AASTROM BIOSCIENCES, INC., 24 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT DRIVE, P.O.
BOX 376, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 48106, TELEPHONE NUMBER (734) 930-5555, ATTENTION:
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER.
14
<PAGE>
SELLING SHAREHOLDER
This prospectus relates to the offering by RGC International Investors, LDC
for resale of up to 23,150,165 shares of common stock. The selling shareholder
will acquire the shares upon (a) conversion, from time to time, of the Series I
Shares that it acquired in July 1998 or the Series III Shares that it acquired
in May 1999, and (b) exercise, from time to time, of the warrants that it holds.
The table below sets forth the following information with respect to the selling
shareholder as of December 8, 1999:
. the name and position or other relationship with Aastrom within the past
three years, if any, of the selling shareholder,
. the number of Aastrom's outstanding shares of common stock beneficially
owned by the selling shareholder (including shares obtainable under
options exercisable within sixty days of such date) prior to the
offering hereby,
. the number of such shares being offered hereby,
. the number and percentage of Aastrom's outstanding shares of common
stock to be beneficially owned by the selling shareholder after
completion of the sale of common stock being offered hereby.
The number of shares reported as being beneficially owned after the
offering represents shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of another
outstanding series of preferred stock and exercise of the warrants. These shares
of common stock have been registered for sale and they may be sold before or
after the shares that may be sold pursuant to this prospectus. We cannot assume
that the selling shareholder will convert any Series I Shares or Series III
Shares or exercise any of the warrants or sell any or all of the shares offered
hereby.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Percentage
Number of Shares of Aastrom
Beneficially Stock
Owned Number of Number of Shares Owned
Selling Prior to the Such Shares Beneficially Owned After
Shareholder Offering Being Offered After the Offering the Offering
- ----------- ---------------- ------------- ------------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
RGC
International
Investors, LDC 13,371,069 23,150,165 0 0
</TABLE>
The number of shares set forth in the table represents an estimate of the
number of shares of common stock to be offered by the selling shareholder. Based
on a conversion price of $0.475875 on December 8, 1999, the selling shareholder
would receive 13,371,069 shares of common stock upon conversion of the Series I
Shares, Series III Shares and exercise of the warrants. This prospectus covers
the sale of 23,150,165 of the shares of common stock we expect to be issued to
the selling shareholder based on the current conversion price less 7,958,729
shares which is the number of shares previously registered by Registration
Statement No. 333-81399 and Registration Statement No. 333-60125. If the
conversion price decreases 10% to $0.4282875, the number of shares issuable upon
conversion of the Series I Shares and Series III Shares would increase to
14,523,410, which would dilute the ownership
15
<PAGE>
interests of existing shareholders by approximately 4.4%. The actual number of
shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series I Shares and Series
III Shares is indeterminate and is subject to adjustment. Therefore, the actual
number of shares could be materially less or more than this estimate depending
on several unpredictable factors, principally the timing of any future
conversions and the market prices of the common stock shortly before the
conversion. The actual number of shares of common stock offered hereby, and
included in the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part, also
includes an additional number of shares of common stock that may be issued or
issuable upon conversion of the Series I Shares and Series III Shares by reason
of any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction involving the common
stock, in order to prevent dilution, in accordance with Rule 416 under the
Securities Act.
The number of shares of common stock set forth above as beneficially owned
by the selling shareholder is based on a conversion price of $0.475875. The
conversion price reflects the average of the closing bid prices of the common
stock for the lowest five consecutive trading days during the twenty trading
days preceding December 8, 1999, multiplied by 94% pursuant to the terms of the
Series I Shares and Series III Shares. Pursuant to our charter documents and
the warrants, the Series I Shares and Series III Shares are convertible and the
warrants held by the holder of the Series III Shares to purchase 300,000 shares
of common stock are exercisable by any holder only to the extent that the number
of shares of common stock owned by such holder and its affiliates (but not
including shares of common stock underlying unconverted Series I Shares and
Series III Shares) after such conversion or exercise would not exceed 4.9% of
the then outstanding common stock as determined in accordance with Section 13(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act. Accordingly, the number of shares of common
stock set forth in the table for the selling shareholder exceeds the number of
shares of common stock that the selling shareholder could own beneficially at
any given time through its ownership of Series I Shares or Series III Shares.
In that regard, beneficial ownership of the selling shareholder set forth in the
table is not determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act.
The selling shareholder, RGC International Investors, LDC, is a party to an
investment management agreement with Rose Glen Capital Management, L.P., a
limited partnership of which the general partner is RGC General Partner Corp.
Messrs. Wayne Bloch, Gary Kaminsky and Steve Katznelson own all of the
outstanding capital stock of RGC General Partner Corp., are the sole officers
and directors of RGC General Partner Corp. and are parties to a shareholders'
agreement pursuant to which they collectively control RGC General Partner Corp.
Through RGC General Partner Corp., these individuals control Rose Glen Capital
Management, L.P. These individuals disclaim beneficial ownership of Aastrom's
Common Stock owned by the selling shareholder.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The shares of common stock may be offered for sale from time to time after
conversion of the Series I Shares, Series III Shares or exercise of the Warrants
by or on behalf of the holder of those shares. The actual number of shares that
may be offered will vary based on the market price of our common stock, and the
13,071,069 shares covered by this prospectus is based on an assumed conversion
price of $0.475875. Because the actual number of shares issued upon conversion
of the Series I Shares and Series III Shares may vary, we have registered up to
19,906,604 shares pursuant to a Registration Statement that includes this
Prospectus.
The shares of common stock being offered by the selling shareholder or its
permitted donees, pledgees, transferees, or other successors in interest, will
be sold in one or more transactions (which may
16
<PAGE>
involve block transactions) on the Nasdaq National Market or on such other
market on which the common stock may from time to time be trading:
. in privately-negotiated transactions
. through the writing of options on the shares
. short sales or
. any combination of these transactions.
The shares may also be sold pursuant to Rule 144.
The sale price may be:
. the market price prevailing at the time of sale
. a price related to the prevailing market price or
. such other price as the selling shareholder determines from time to
time.
The selling shareholder may not accept any purchase offer or make any sale of
shares if it considers the purchase price to be unsatisfactory at any particular
time.
The selling shareholder or its permitted donees, pledgees, transferees, or
other successors in interest, may also sell the shares directly to market makers
acting as principals and/or broker-dealers acting as agents for themselves or
their customers. Brokers acting as agents for the selling shareholder will
receive usual and customary commissions for brokerage transactions, and market
makers and block purchasers purchasing the shares will do so for their own
account and at their own risk. The selling shareholder may attempt to sell
shares of common stock in block transactions to market makers or other
purchasers at a price per share which may be below the then current market
price. There can be no assurance that all or any of the shares offered hereby
will be issued to, or sold by, the selling shareholder.
Alternatively, the selling shareholder may sell all or any part of the
shares through an underwriter. The selling shareholder has not entered into any
agreement with a prospective underwriter and may not do so. If the selling
shareholder enters into such an agreement or agreements, Aastrom will supplement
or revise this prospectus.
The selling shareholder and any other persons participating in a
distribution of the shares will be subject to applicable provisions of the
Securities Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including
Regulation M, which may restrict certain activities of, and limit the timing of
purchases and sales of the shares by the selling shareholder and other persons
participating in a distribution of the shares. Furthermore, under Regulation M,
persons engaged in a distribution of the shares are prohibited from
simultaneously engaging in market making and certain other activities with
respect to the shares for a specified period of time prior to the commencement
of such distributions subject to specified exceptions or exemptions. All of the
foregoing may affect the marketability of the shares offered hereby.
Aastrom has agreed to indemnify the selling shareholder, or certain
transferees or assignees, against certain liabilities, including liabilities
under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the selling shareholder,
or certain transferees or assignees, may be required to make in respect thereof.
The selling shareholder has agreed to indemnify Aastrom against certain
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to
payments Aastrom may be required to make in respect thereof.
17
<PAGE>
USE OF PROCEEDS
Aastrom will not receive any proceeds from sales of the shares or from any
conversions of the Series I Shares or Series III Shares.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for
Aastrom by Pepper Hamilton LLP, Detroit, Michigan. Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich
LLP, San Diego, California, has acted as special counsel to Aastrom in
connection with this offering.
EXPERTS
The financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference to
the Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 10, 1999 have been
so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP,
independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in
auditing and accounting.
18
<PAGE>
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
Other expenses in connection with the registration of the common stock
hereunder will be substantially as follows (all expenses other than the SEC
Registration Fee are estimates):
Item Company Expense
---- ---------------
SEC Registration Fee...................... $ 5,140
Printing and engraving expenses........... $ 2,000
Legal fees and expenses................... $10,000
Accounting fees and expenses.............. $ 5,000
Miscellaneous............................. $ 2,860
-------
Total................................. $25,000
=======
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Sections 1561 through 1565 of the Michigan Business Corporation Act (the
"MBCA") authorize a corporation to grant or a court to award indemnity to
directors, officers, employees and agents in terms sufficiently broad to permit
such indemnification under certain circumstances for liabilities (including
reimbursement for expenses incurred) arising under the Securities Act of 1933.
The Bylaws of the Registrant, provide that the Registrant shall, to the
fullest extent authorized or permitted by the MBCA, or other applicable law,
indemnify a director or officer who was or is a party or is threatened to be
made a party to any proceeding by or in the right of the Registrant to procure a
judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the Registrant, against expenses,
including actual and reasonable attorneys' fees, and amounts paid in settlement
incurred in connection with the action or suit, if the indemnitee acted in good
faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed
to, the best interests of the Registrant or its shareholders. This section also
authorizes the Registrant to advance expenses incurred by any agent of the
Registrant in defending any proceeding prior to the final disposition of such
proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the agent to repay
such amount unless it shall be determined ultimately that the agent is entitled
to be indemnified.
The Bylaws also authorize the Registrant to purchase and maintain insurance
on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of
the Registrant against any liability asserted against or incurred by such person
in such capacity or arising out of such person's status as such, regardless of
whether the Registrant would have the power to indemnify such person against
such liability under the provisions of the MBCA.
The Registrant has entered into an indemnification agreement with certain
of its directors, officers and other key personnel, which contains provisions
that may in some respects be broader than the specific indemnification
provisions contained under applicable law. The indemnification agreement may
require the Registrant, among other things, to indemnify such directors,
officers and key personnel
19
<PAGE>
against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service
as directors, officers or employees of the Registrant, to advance the expenses
incurred by such parties as a result of any threatened claims or proceedings
brought against them as to which they could be indemnified and, to the maximum
extent that insurance coverage of such directors, officers and key employees
under the Registrant's directors' and officers' liability insurance policies is
maintained.
Section 1209 of the MBCA permits a Michigan corporation to include in its
Articles of Incorporation a provision eliminating or limiting a director's
liability to a corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breaches
of fiduciary duty. The enabling statute provides, however, that liability for
breaches of the duty of loyalty, acts or omissions not in good faith or
involving intentional misconduct or knowing violation of the law, or the receipt
of improper personal benefits cannot be eliminated or limited in this manner.
The Registrant's Restated Articles of Incorporation include a provision which
eliminates, to the fullest extent permitted by the MBCA, director liability for
monetary damages for breaches of fiduciary duty.
Item 16. Exhibits.
Exhibit
Number Description of Document
------ -----------------------
4.1 Restated Articles of Incorporation
4.1 Bylaws, as amended
5.1 Consent and Opinion of Pepper Hamilton LLP
23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent
accountants
23.2 Consent of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP
23.3 Consent of Pepper Hamilton LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
24.1 Power of Attorney
____________________
A. The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being
made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of
the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act");
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising
after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-
effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent
a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities
offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that
which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the
estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus
filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the
changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum
aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee"
table in the effective registration statement;
20
<PAGE>
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the
plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or
any material change to such information in the registration statement; provided,
however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) do not apply if the
information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those
paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed by the Registrant pursuant to
Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are
incorporated by reference in the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective
amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the offering.
B. The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the
Registrant's annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that is incorporated by reference in the
registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
C. The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to deliver or cause to be
delivered with the prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or
given, the latest annual report to security holders that is incorporated by
reference in the prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the
requirements of Rule 14a-3 or Rule 14c-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934; and, where interim financial information required to be presented by
Article 3 of Regulation S-X are not set forth in the prospectus, to deliver, or
cause to be delivered to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given,
the latest quarterly report that is specifically incorporated by reference in
the prospectus to provide such interim financial information.
D. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons
of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the
Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the
Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling
person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit, or
proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in
the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
E. The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For the purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as
part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in
a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1)
21
<PAGE>
or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of the
registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus
shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
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<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
----------
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant
certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the
requirements of filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration
Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized in the City of Ann Arbor, State of Michigan, on December 10, 1999.
AASTROM BIOSCIENCES, INC.
By: /s/ R. DOUGLAS ARMSTRONG
_______________________________________
R. Douglas Armstrong, Ph.D.
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
-----------------
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears
below hereby constitutes and appoints R. Douglas Armstrong and Todd E. Simpson,
or either of them, as his or her attorney-in-fact, each with full power of
substitution for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any and all
amendments to this registration statement, including, but not limited to, post-
effective amendments and any and all new registration statements filed pursuant
to Rule 462 under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with or related to
the offer contemplated by this registration statement, as amended, and to file
the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith,
with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our
signatures as they may be signed by our said attorney to said registration
statement and any and all amendment thereto.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ R. DOUGLAS ARMSTRONG
________________________________________ President, Chief Executive Officer and December 13, 1999
R. Douglas Armstrong, Ph.D. Chairman of the Board of Directors
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ TODD E. SIMPSON
________________________________________ Vice President, Finance and Administration, December 13, 1999
Todd E. Simpson Chief Financial Officer,
Secretary and
Treasurer (Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
/s/ ROBERT J. KUNZE
________________________________________ Director December 13, 1999
Robert J. Kunze
/s/ MARY L. CAMPBELL
________________________________________ Director December 13, 1999
Mary L. Campbell
/s/ STEPHEN G. EMERSON
_____________________________________ Director December 13, 1999
Stephen G. Emerson, M.D., Ph.D.
</TABLE>
23
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ ARTHUR F. STAUBITZ
________________________________________ Director December 13, 1999
Arthur F. Staubitz
/s/ JOSEPH A. TAYLOR
________________________________________ Director December 13, 1999
Joseph A. Taylor
</TABLE>
24
<PAGE>
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number Description of Document
------- -----------------------
4.1* Restated Articles of Incorporation
4.2** Bylaws, as amended
5.1 Consent and Opinion of Pepper Hamilton LLP
23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants
23.2 Consent of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP
23.3 Consent of Pepper Hamilton LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
24.1 Power of Attorney (see signature page)
_____________________
* Incorporated by reference from Aastrom's Quarterly Report of Form 10-Q for
the quarter ended December 31, 1996.
** Incorporated by reference from Aastrom's Registration Statement Form S-1 (No.
333-15415).
<PAGE>
Exhibit 5.1
December 10, 1999
Securities and Exchange Commission
Judiciary Plaza
450 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Aastrom Biosciences, Inc. Registration
Statement on Form S-3
File No.: 333-_______________
Gentlemen:
We have acted as special counsel to Aastrom Biosciences, Inc., a
Michigan corporation (the "Company"), in connection with the preparation and
filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") of a
registration statement filed with the SEC on December 13, 1999 (the
"Registration Statement") of the Company on Form S-3 under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the "Act"). The Registration Statement relates to the proposed
issuance by the Company of shares of the Company's Common Stock (the "Shares")
covered by the Registration Statement.
In this connection, we have examined the Registration Statement,
including the exhibits thereto, the originals or copies, certified or otherwise
identified to our satisfaction, of the Articles of Incorporation and the By-Laws
of the Company amended to date, resolutions of the Company's Board of Directors
and such other documents and corporate records relating to the Company, and the
issuance and sale of the Company's 1998 Series I Convertible Preferred Stock and
the 1999 Series III Convertible Preferred Stock (collectively, the "Preferred
Shares") and warrants issued in connection with the sale of the 1999 Series III
Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Warrants") and the conversion of the Preferred
Shares into the Shares and the issuance of the Shares upon exercise of the
Warrants, as we have deemed appropriate. The opinion expressed herein is based
exclusively on the applicable provisions of the Michigan Business Corporation
Act as in effect on the date hereof.
On the basis of the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares
to be issued by the Company upon conversion of the Preferred Shares and upon
exercise of the Warrants will be, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid,
and non-assessable.
We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the caption
"Legal Matters" in the Registration Statement and to the filing of this opinion
as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. Such consent does not constitute a
consent under Section 7 of the Act, since we have not certified any part of such
Registration Statement and do not otherwise come within the categories of
persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and
regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
Very truly yours,
PEPPER HAMILTON LLP
By: /s/ MICHAEL B. STAEBLER
_________________________________
Michael B. Staebler
<PAGE>
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration
Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated December 8, 1999 relating to the
financial statements, which appears in Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.'s Current
Report on Form 8-K dated December 10, 1999. We also consent to the reference to
us under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
- ------------------------------
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Minneapolis, Minnesota
December 10, 1999
<PAGE>
Exhibit 23.2
[GRAY CARY WARE & FREIDENRICH LETTERHEAD]
December 10, 1999
Securities and Exchange Commission
Judiciary Plaza
450 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Aastrom Biosciences, Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-3
Ladies and Gentlemen:
As counsel to Aastrom Biosciences, Inc., a Michigan corporation (the
Company"), in connection with the proposed offer and sale of those certain
shares of the Company's Common Stock, $0 par value, as set forth in the
Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the "Registration Statement"), we hereby
consent to the use of our name under the caption "Legal Matters" in the
Registration Statement, including the Prospectus constituting a part thereof, as
originally filed or as subsequently amended.
Very truly yours,
/s/ GRAY CARY WARE & FREIDENRICH LLP
