Registration No. 33-47666
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 31, 1997
===============================================================================
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 X
Pre-Effective Amendment No.
Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 X
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 X
Amendment No. 8 X
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
700 CENTRAL AVENUE, P.O. BOX 33030, ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA 33733-8030
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's Telephone Number: (813) 823-8712
Jeffrey L. Steele
Dechert Price & Rhoads
1500 K Street, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20005
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485
X on AUGUST 1, 1997 pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485
60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485
on pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485
75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485
on pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485
this post-effective amendment designates a new effective
date for a previously filed post-effective amendment
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Registrant has registered an indefinite number of shares of beneficial
interest under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Rule 24f-2 under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, and filed its Rule 24f-2 Notice for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1997 on May 29, 1997.
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND
CROSS-REFERENCE SHEET
FORM N-1A
PART A
CLASS I PROSPECTUS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
N-1A LOCATION IN
ITEM NO. ITEM REGISTRATION STATEMENT
<S> <C> <C>
1 Cover page Cover Page
2 Synopsis Expense Summary
3 Condensed Financial "Financial Highlights";
Information "How Does the Fund
Measure Performance?"
4 General Description "How Is the Trust Organized?";
of Registrant "How Does the Fund Invest Its
Assets?"; "What Are the Fund's
Potential Risks?"
5 Management of the Fund "Who Manages the Fund?"
5A Management's Discussion Contained in Registrant's Annual
of Fund Performance Report to Shareholders
6 Capital Stock and Other "How is the Trust Organized?";
Securities "Services to Help You Manage Your
Account"; "What Distributions Might I
Received From the Fund?"; "How Taxation Affects
the Fund and its Shareholders?"
7 Purchase of Securities "How Do I Buy Shares?"; "May I Exchange
Being Offered Shares for Shares of Another Fund?";
"Transaction Procedures and Special
Requirements"; "Services to Help You Manage
Your Account"; "Who Manages the
Fund?" "Useful Terms and Definitions"
8 Redemption or Repurchase "May I Exchange Shares for Shares of
Another Fund?"; "How Do I Sell
Shares?"; "Transaction Procedures
and Special Requirements"?
"Services to Help You Manage Your
Account"
9 Pending Legal Procedures Not Applicable
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND
CROSS-REFERENCE SHEET
FORM N-1A
PART A
ADVISOR CLASS PROSPECTUS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
N-1A LOCATION IN
ITEM NO. ITEM REGISTRATION STATEMENT
<S> <C> <C>
1 Cover page Cover Page
2 Synopsis Expense Summary
3 Condensed Financial "Financial Highlights";
Information "How Does the Fund
Measure Performance?"
4 General Description "How Is the Trust Organized?";
of Registrant "How Does the Fund Invest Its
Assets?"; "What Are the Fund's
Potential Risks?"
5 Management of the Fund "Who Manages the Fund?"
5A Management's Discussion Contained in Registrant's Annual
of Fund Performance Report to Shareholders
6 Capital Stock and Other "How is the Trust Organized?";
Securities "Services to Help You Manage Your
Account"; "What Distributions Might I
Received From the Fund?"; "How Taxation
Affects the Fund and its Shareholders?"
7 Purchase of Securities "How Do I Buy Shares?"; "May I Being
Offered Exchange Shares for Shares of
Another Fund?"; "Transaction Procedures
and Special Requirements"; "Services
to Help You Manage Your Account"; "Who
Manages the Fund?" "Useful Terms and Definitions"
8 Redemption or Repurchase "May I Exchange Shares for Shares of
Another Fund?"; "How Do I Sell Shares?";
"Transaction Procedures and Special
Requirements"? "Services to Help You Manage Your
Account"
9 Pending Legal Procedures Not Applicable
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND
CROSS-REFERENCE SHEET
FORM N-1A
PART B
CLASS I STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
N-1A LOCATION IN
ITEM NO. ITEM REGISTRATION STATEMENT
<S> <C> <C>
10 Cover Page Cover Page
11 Table of Contents Table of Contents
12 General Information and Not Applicable
History
13 Investment Objectives and "How Does the Fund Invest Its
Policies Assets?"; "Investment Restrictions"; "What Are the
Fund's Potential Risks?"
14 Management of the "Officers and Trustees"; "Investment
Registrant Management and Other Services"
15 Control Persons and "Officers and Trustees"; "Investment
Principal Holders of Management and Other Services";
Securities "Miscellaneous Information?"
16 Investment Management and "Investment Management and Other
Other Services Services"; "The Fund's Underwriter"
17 Brokerage Allocation and "How Does the Fund Buy Securities
Other Practices For Its Portfolio?"
18 Capital Stock and Other "Miscellaneous Information"; "See
Securities Prospectus "How Is The Trust Organized?"
19 Purchase, Redemption and "How Do I Buy, Sell and Exchange
Pricing of Securities Shares?"; "How Are Fund Shares
Being Offered Valued?"; "Financial Statements"
20 Tax Status "Additional Information on
Distributions and Taxes"
21 Underwriters "The Fund's Underwriter"
22 Calculation of Performance "How Does the Fund Measure
Data Performance?"
23 Financial Statements Financial Statements
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND
CROSS-REFERENCE SHEET
FORM N-1A
PART B
ADVISOR CLASS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
N-1A LOCATION IN
ITEM NO. ITEM REGISTRATION STATEMENT
<S> <C> <C>
10 Cover Page Cover Page
11 Table of Contents Table of Contents
12 General Information and Not Applicable
History
13 Investment Objectives and "How Does the Fund Invest Its
Policies Assets?"; "Investment Restrictions"; "What Are the Fund's
Potential Risks?"
14 Management of the "Officers and Trustees"; "Investment
Registrant Management and Other Services"
15 Control Persons and "Officers and Trustees"; "Investment
Principal Holders of Management and Other Services";
Securities "Miscellaneous Information?"
16 Investment Management and "Investment Management and Other
Other Services Services"; "The Fund's Underwriter"
17 Brokerage Allocation and "How Does the Fund Buy Securities
Other Practices For Its Portfolio?"
18 Capital Stock and Other "Miscellaneous Information"; "See
Securities Prospectus "How Is The Trust Organized?"
19 Purchase, Redemption and "How Do I Buy, Sell and Exchange
Pricing of Securities Shares?"; "How Are Fund Shares
Being Offered Valued?"; "Financial
Statements"
20 Tax Status "Additional Information on
Distributions and Taxes"
21 Underwriters "The Fund's Underwriter"
22 Calculation of Performance "How Does the Fund Measure
Data Performance?"
23 Financial Statements Financial Statements
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
CLASS I PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS & APPLICATION
INVESTMENT STRATEGY: Franklin
GLOBAL GROWTH Templeton
Japan Fund
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUGUST 1, 1997
[FRANKLIN TEMPLETON LOGO]
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
This prospectus describes Class I shares of Franklin Templeton Japan Fund (the
"Fund"). It contains information you should know before investing in the Fund.
Please keep it for future reference.
THE FUND MAY BORROW MONEY FOR INVESTMENT PURPOSES (I.E. "LEVERAGE" ITS
PORTFOLIO), WHICH MAY INVOLVE GREATER RISK AND ADDITIONAL COSTS TO THE FUND. IN
ADDITION, THE FUND MAY INVEST UP TO 15% OF ITS ASSETS IN ILLIQUID SECURITIES,
INCLUDING UP TO 10% OF ITS ASSETS IN RESTRICTED SECURITIES, WHICH MAY INVOLVE
GREATER RISK AND INCREASED FUND EXPENSES. THERE ARE FURTHER RISKS ASSOCIATED
WITH THE FUND'S POLICY OF INVESTING PRIMARILY IN JAPANESE SECURITIES. SEE "WHAT
ARE THE FUND'S POTENTIAL RISKS?"
The Fund currently offers another class of shares with a different sales charge
and expense structure, which affects performance. This class is described in a
separate prospectus. For more information, contact your investment
representative or call 1-800/DIAL BEN.
The Fund has a Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") for its Class I
shares, dated August 1, 1997, which may be amended from time to time. It
includes more information about the Fund's procedures and policies. It has been
filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. For a
free copy or a larger print version of this prospectus, call 1-800/DIAL BEN or
write the Fund at its address.
SHARES OF THE FUND ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF, OR GUARANTEED OR ENDORSED
BY, ANY BANK, AND ARE NOT FEDERALLY INSURED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE
CORPORATION, THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER AGENCY OF THE U.S.
GOVERNMENT. SHARES OF THE FUND INVOLVE INVESTMENT RISKS, INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE
LOSS OF PRINCIPAL.
LIKE ALL MUTUAL FUNDS, THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY
THE SEC OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SEC OR ANY STATE
SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON
JAPAN FUND
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFERING OF THE SECURITIES HEREIN DESCRIBED IN ANY
STATE, JURISDICTION OR COUNTRY IN WHICH THE OFFERING IS NOT AUTHORIZED. NO
SALES REPRESENTATIVE, DEALER, OR OTHER PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY
INFORMATION OR MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS. FURTHER INFORMATION MAY BE OBTAINED FROM DISTRIBUTORS.
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TABLE OF CONTENTS
TEMPLETON ABOUT THE FUND
JAPAN FUND Expense Summary......................................2
---------------------
Financial Highlights.................................3
August 1, 1997 How Does the Fund Invest Its Assets?.................3
When reading this What Are the Fund's Potential Risks?................11
prospectus, you
will see certain Who Manages the Fund?...............................16
terms beginning
with capital How Does the Fund Measure Performance?..............18
letters. This means
the term is How Is the Fund Organized?..........................20
explained in our
glossary section.
ABOUT YOUR ACCOUNT
How Do I Buy Shares?................................21
May I Exchange Shares for Shares of Another Fund....27
How Do I Sell Shares?...............................29
What Distributions Might I Receive From the Fund?...33
Transaction Procedures and Special Requirements.....34
Services to Help You Manage Your Account............39
What If I Have Questions About My Account?..........41
GLOSSARY
Useful Terms and Definitions.......................42
700 Central Avenue
P.O. Box 33030
St. Petersburg, FL 33733-8030
1-800/DIAL BEN
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND
EXPENSE SUMMARY
This table is designed to help you understand the costs of investing in the
Fund. It is based on the Fund's historical expenses, after fee waivers and
expense limitations, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997. The Fund's actual
expenses may vary.
A. SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION EXPENSES+
Maximum Sales Charge Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage
of Offering Price) 5.75%++
Deferred Sales Charge NONE +++
Exchange Fee (per transaction) $ 5.00*
B. ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES (AS A PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE NET ASSETS)
Management Fees (after fee reduction) 0.00%**
Rule 12b-1 Fees 0.35%***
Other Expenses after fee waiver and expense reimbursement) 1.65%**
Total Fund Operating Expenses (after fee waiver and expense
reimbursement) 2.00%**
C. EXAMPLE
Assume the Fund's annual return is 5%, operating expenses are as described
above, and you sell your shares after the number of years shown. These are
the projected expenses for each $1,000 that you invest in the Fund.
ONE YEAR THREE YEARS FIVE YEARS TEN YEARS
$77**** $ 117 $ 159 $ 277
THIS IS JUST AN EXAMPLE. IT DOES NOT REPRESENT PAST OR FUTURE EXPENSES OR
RETURNS. ACTUAL EXPENSES AND RETURNS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN.
The Fund pays its operating expenses. The effects of these expenses are
reflected in its Net Asset Value or dividends and are not directly charged
to your account.
+IF YOUR TRANSACTION IS PROCESSED THROUGH YOUR SECURITIES DEALER, YOU MAY BE
CHARGED A FEE BY YOUR SECURITIES DEALER FOR THIS SERVICE.
++THERE IS NO FRONT-END SALES CHARGE IF YOU INVEST $1 MILLION OR MORE.
+++A CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE OF 1% MAY APPLY TO PURCHASES OF $1 MILLION
OR MORE IF YOU SELL THE SHARES WITHIN ONE YEAR. A CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES
CHARGE MAY ALSO APPLY TO PURCHASES BY CERTAIN RETIREMENTPLANS THAT QUALIFY TO
BUY SHARES WITHOUT A FRONT-END SALES CHARGE. SEE "HOW DO I SELL SHARES? --
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE" FOR DETAILS.
*$5.00 FEE IS ONLY FOR MARKET TIMERS. WE PROCESS ALL OTHER EXCHANGES WITHOUT A
FEE.
**FOR THE PERIOD SHOWN, INVESTMENT COUNSEL AND FT SERVICES HAD AGREED IN ADVANCE
TO WAIVE THEIR RESPECTIVE MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION FEES AND TO MAKE CERTAIN
PAYMENTS TO REDUCE THE FUND'S EXPENSES. WITHOUT THIS REDUCTION, MANAGEMENT FEES
WOULD HAVE BEEN 0.75%, OTHER EXPENSES WOULD HAVE BEEN 1.95% AND TOTAL FUND
OPERATING EXPENSES WOULD HAVE BEEN 3.05%. AFTER JULY 31, 1998, THIS ARRANGEMENT
MAY END AT ANY TIME UPON NOTICE TO THE BOARD.
***THE COMBINATION OF FRONT-END SALES CHARGES AND RULE 12B-1 FEES COULD CAUSE
LONG-TERM SHAREHOLDERS TO PAY MORE THAN THE ECONOMIC EQUIVALENT OF THE MAXIMUM
FRONT-END SALES CHARGE PERMITTED UNDER THE NASD'S RULES.
****ASSUMES A CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE WILL NOT APPLY.
<PAGE>
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
This table summarizes the Fund's financial history. The information has been
audited by McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, the Fund's independent auditors. Their audit
report covering each of the three years since the Fund's commencement of
operations on July 28, 1994, appears in the financial statements in the Fund's
Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997. The
Annual Report to Shareholders also includes more information about the Fund's
performance. For a free copy, please call Fund Information.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1997 1996 1995 /1/
<S> <C> <C> <C>
------------------------------------ --------- ---------- --------
PER SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE
(For a share outstanding throughout
the period)
Net asset value, beginning of period $ 10.35 $ 9.93 $ 10.00
-------- -------- --------
Income from investment operations:
Net investment income (loss) (.05) (.02) .10
Net realized and unrealized gain(loss) (2.69) .47 (.12)
--------- -------- ---------
Total from investment operations (2.74) .45 (.02)
Distributions:
Dividends from net investment income -- (.03) (.05)
Distributions from net realized gain (.17) -- --
Total distributions (.17) (.03) (.05)
-------- -------- --------
Change in net asset value (2.91) .42 (.07)
-------- -------- --------
Net asset value, end of period $ 7.44 $ 10.35 $ 9.93
======== ======== ========
TOTAL RETURN /2/ (26.93)% 4.55% (0.19)%
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period (000) $ 7,128 $ 6,232 $ 1,444
Ratio of expenses to average net assets 3.05% 4.90% 12.05% /3/
Ratio of expenses, net of reimbursement,
to average net assets 2.00% 1.99% 1.25% /3/
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to
average net assets (.77)% (.05)% 1.92% /3/
Portfolio turnover rate 23.43% 54.97% --
Average commission rate paid (per share) $ .0603 $ .0552
</TABLE>
1 FOR THE PERIOD JULY 28, 1994 (COMMENCEMENT OF OPERATIONS) TO MARCH 31, 1995.
2 TOTAL RETURN DOES NOT REFLECT SALES COMMISSIONS. NOT ANNUALIZED FOR PERIODS
OF LESS THAN ONE YEAR.
3 ANNUALIZED.
HOW DOES THE FUND INVEST ITS ASSETS?
THE FUND'S INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The investment objective of the Fund is long-term capital growth, which it seeks
to achieve through investing its assets primarily in securities of companies
domiciled in Japan and traded in the Japanese securities markets. A company is
considered domiciled in Japan if it is organized under the laws of Japan, at
least half of its assets are located in Japan and it normally derives at least
half of its income from operations or sales in Japan, or if its principal
activities are in Japan. The Fund's investment objective and the investment
restrictions set forth under "Investment Restrictions" in the SAI are
fundamental and may not be changed without shareholder approval. All other
investment policies and practices described in this prospectus are not
fundamental and may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. Of
course, there can be no assurance that the Fund's investment objective will be
achieved.
TYPES OF SECURITIES IN WHICH THE FUND MAY INVEST
Under normal circumstances at least 80% of the Fund's assets will be invested in
equity securities of Japanese issuers. "Equity securities," as used in this
prospectus, refers to common stock, preferred stock, warrants or rights to
subscribe to or purchase such securities, and sponsored or unsponsored American
Depositary Receipts, European Depositary Receipts and Global Depositary
Receipts. See "Depositary Receipts" below. Securities considered for purchase by
the Fund may be listed or unlisted, and may be issued by companies in various
industries, with various levels of market capitalization.
Consistent with the Fund's objective of seeking long-term capital growth, the
Fund may purchase debt, as well as equity securities, issued by private and
governmental issuers and supranational organizations (such as the World Bank,
the European Investment Bank and the Asian Development Bank). Although the Fund
would not anticipate that its debt investments would achieve the same levels of
growth as its equity investments, nevertheless, such investments fluctuate in
value based upon changes in such factors as the general level of interest rates
and credit quality, and may be expected to offer attractive growth
opportunities. Additionally, convertible bonds offer the potential for capital
appreciation through the conversion feature, which enables the holder of the
bonds to benefit from increases in the market price of the securities into which
they are convertible.
The Fund may invest in debt securities (defined as bonds, notes, debentures,
commercial paper, time deposits, and bankers' acceptances, and which may include
structured investments) which are rated in any rating category by Moody's or S&P
or which are unrated by any rating agency. Such securities may include high
risk, lower quality debt securities, commonly referred to as "junk bonds." See
"What Are the Fund's Potential Risks? -- High-Risk Debt Securities." As an
operating policy, which may be changed by the Board, the Fund will not invest
more than 5% of its total assets in debt securities rated lower than Baa by
Moody's or BBB by S&P. Debt securities are subject to certain market and credit
risks. See "How Does the Fund Invest Its Assets -- Debt Securities" in the SAI
for descriptions of debt securities rated Baa by Moody's and BBB by S&P.
The Fund may invest in yen-denominated bonds sold in Japan by non-Japanese
issuers ("Samurai Bonds") and may invest in dollar-denominated bonds sold in the
U.S. by non-U.S. issuers ("Yankee Bonds"). As compared with bonds issued in
their countries of domicile, such bond issues normally carry a higher interest
rate but are less actively traded. Samurai Bonds and Yankee Bonds are subject to
the risks associated with other debt instruments and with securities of foreign
issuers, as described below and in the SAI.
Government securities in which the Fund may invest consist of debt securities
issued by the U.S. Treasury which are direct obligations of the U.S. government,
including bills (maturity of one year or less), notes (maturities of one to 10
years) and bonds (generally maturities of greater than 10 years), and debt
securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities
and federal agencies, including the Federal National Mortgage Association
("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Banks and the Federal Housing Administration.
Mortgage-backed U.S. government securities, such as FNMA certificates, are
highly sensitive to prepayment and interest rates. Prepayments on a pool of
mortgage loans are influenced by a variety of economic, geographic, social and
other factors. Generally, however, prepayments on fixed rate mortgage loans will
increase during a period of falling interest rates and decrease during a period
of rising interest rates. Accordingly, to the extent of the Fund's investment in
mortgage-backed securities, amounts available for reinvestment by the Fund are
likely to be greater during a period of declining interest rates and, as a
result, are likely to be reinvested at lower interest rates than during a period
of rising interest rates. The Fund may also invest in obligations issued or
guaranteed by a foreign government or any of its political subdivisions,
authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities which are rated in any category, as
described above, or which are unrated by any rating agency.
When Investment Counsel believes that unusual market conditions warrant, the
Fund may adopt a temporary defensive position and may invest up to 100% of its
total assets in the following money market securities, denominated in U.S.
dollars or in the currency of any foreign country, ssued by entities organized
in the U.S. or any foreign country: debt obligations issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. government or the governments of foreign countries, their agencies or
instrumentalities; short-term time deposits with banks; repurchase agreements
with banks and broker-dealers with respect to U.S. government obligations; and
finance company and corporate commercial paper, and other short-term corporate
obligations, in each case rated Prime-1 by Moody's or A or better by S&P or, if
unrated, of comparable quality as determined by Investment Counsel. When deemed
appropriate by Investment Counsel, the Fund may invest cash balances in
repurchase agreements and other money market investments to maintain liquidity
in an amount to meet expenses or for day-to-day operating purposes.
The Fund invests for long-term growth of capital and does not emphasize
short-term trading profits. Accordingly, the Fund expects to have an annual
portfolio turnover rate not exceeding 50%.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. The Fund may purchase sponsored or unsponsored American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs") and Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") (collectively, "depositary receipts"). ADRs are
depositary receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company which
evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation.
EDRs and GDRs are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although
they also may be issued by U.S. banks or trust companies, and evidence ownership
of underlying securities issued by either a foreign or a U.S. corporation.
Generally, depositary receipts in registered form are designed for use in the
U.S. securities market and depositary receipts in bearer form are designed for
use in securities markets outside the U.S. Depositary receipts may not
necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities
into which they may be converted. Depositary receipts may be issued pursuant to
sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made
arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of depositary receipts.
In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation
of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and
unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to
obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the
creation of a sponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information
available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and
there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of
the depositary receipts. Depositary receipts also involve the risks of other
investments in foreign securities, as discussed below. For purposes of the
Fund's investment policies, the Fund's investments in depositary receipts will
be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities.
OTHER INVESTMENT POLICIES OF THE FUND
The Fund is also authorized to use the various securities and investment
techniques described below. Although these strategies are regularly used by some
investment companies and other institutional investors in various markets, some
of these strategies cannot at the present time be used to a significant extent
by the Fund in some of the markets in which the Fund will invest and may not be
available for extensive use in the future.
BORROWING. The Fund may borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets
from banks to increase its holdings of portfolio securities. Under the 1940 Act,
the Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage of 300% with respect
to such borrowings and to sell (within three days) sufficient portfolio holdings
to restore such coverage if it should decline to less than 300% due to market
fluctuations or otherwise, even if such liquidations of the Fund's holdings may
be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint. Leveraging by means of
borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of
portfolio securities on the Fund's Net Asset Value, and money borrowed will be
subject to interest and other costs (which may include commitment fees and/or
the cost of maintaining minimum average balances) which may or may not exceed
the income received from the securities purchased with borrowed funds.
LOANS OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. The Fund may lend to broker-dealers portfolio
securities with an aggregate market value of up to one-third of its total assets
to generate income for the purpose of offsetting operating expenses. Such loans
must be secured by collateral (consisting of any combination of cash, U.S.
government securities or irrevocable letters of credit) in an amount at least
equal (on a daily marked-to-market basis) to the current market value of the
securities loaned. The Fund may terminate the loans at any time and obtain the
return of the securities loaned within five business days. The Fund will
continue to receive any interest or dividends paid on the loaned securities and
will continue to retain any voting rights with respect to the securities. In the
event that the borrower defaults on its obligation to return borrowed
securities, because of insolvency or otherwise, the Fund could experience delays
and costs in gaining access to the collateral and could suffer a loss to the
extent that the value of the collateral falls below the market value of the
borrowed securities.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. For temporary defensive purposes and for cash management
purposes, the Fund may, without limit, enter into repurchase agreements with
U.S. banks and broker-dealers. Under a repurchase agreement, the Fund acquires a
security from a U.S. bank or a registered broker-dealer and simultaneously
agrees to resell the security back to the bank or broker-dealer at a specified
time and price. The repurchase price is in excess of the purchase price by an
amount which reflects an agreed-upon rate of return, which is not tied to the
coupon rate on the underlying security. Under the 1940 Act, repurchase
agreements are considered to be loans collateralized by the underlying security
and therefore will be fully collateralized. However, if the seller should
default on its obligation to repurchase the underlying security, the Fund may
experience delay or difficulty in exercising its rights to realize upon the
security and might incur a loss if the value of the security declines, as well
as incur disposition costs in liquidating the security.
ILLIQUID AND RESTRICTED SECURITIES. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its total
assets in illiquid securities, for which there is a limited trading market and
for which a low trading volume of a particular security may result in abrupt and
erratic price movements. The Fund may be unable to dispose of its holdings in
illiquid securities at then-current market prices and may have to dispose of
such securities over extended periods of time. The Fund may also invest in
securities that are sold (i) in private placement transactions between their
issuers and their purchasers and that are neither listed on an exchange nor
traded over-the-counter, or (ii) in transactions between qualified institutional
buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Such restricted securities are
subject to contractual or legal restrictions on subsequent transfer. As a result
of the absence of a public trading market, such restricted securities may in
turn be less liquid and more difficult to value than publicly traded securities.
Although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions,
the prices realized from the sales could, due to illiquidity, be less than those
originally paid by the Fund or less than their fair value. In addition, issuers
whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure
and other investor protection requirements that may be applicable if their
securities were publicly traded. If any privately placed or Rule 144A securities
held by the Fund are required to be registered under the securities laws of one
or more jurisdictions before being resold, the Fund may be required to bear the
expenses of registration. The Fund will limit its investment in restricted
securities other than Rule 144A securities to 10% of its total assets, and will
limit its investment in all restricted securities, including Rule 144A
securities, to 15% of its total assets. Restricted securities, other than Rule
144A securities determined by the Board to be liquid, are considered to be
illiquid and are subject to the Fund's limitation on investment in illiquid
securities.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES OR INDICES. To increase its return or to hedge all or a
portion of its portfolio investments, the Fund may write (i.e., sell) covered
put and call options and purchase put and call options on securities or
securities indices that are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges or in the
over-the-counter markets. An option on a security is a contract that permits the
purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy a
specified security (in the case of a call option) or to sell a specified
security (in the case of a put option) from or to the writer of the option at a
designated price during the term of the option. An option on a securities index
permits the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right
to receive from the seller cash equal to the difference between the closing
price of the index and the exercise price of the option. The Fund may write a
call or put option only if the option is "covered." This means that so long as
the Fund is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will own the underlying
securities subject to the call, or hold a call at the same or lower exercise
price, for the same exercise period, and on the same securities as the written
call. A put is covered if the Fund maintains liquid assets with a value equal to
the exercise price in a segregated account, or holds a put on the same
underlying securities at an equal or greater exercise price. The value of the
underlying securities on which options may be written at any one time will not
exceed 15% of the total assets of the Fund. The Fund will not purchase put or
call options if the aggregate premium paid for such options would exceed 5% of
its total assets at the time of purchase.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY CONTRACTS AND OPTIONS ON FOREIGN CURRENCIES. The Fund
may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts ("forward contracts")
to attempt to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in the
relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. A forward contract
is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency for an agreed price at
a future date which is individually negotiated and privately traded by currency
traders and their customers.
The Fund will enter into forward contracts only under two circumstances. First,
when the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security
denominated in a foreign currency, it may desire to "lock in" the U.S. dollar
price of the security in relation to another currency by entering into a forward
contract to buy the amount of foreign currency needed to settle the transaction.
Second, when Investment Counsel believes that the currency of a particular
foreign country may suffer or enjoy a substantial movement against another
currency, it may enter into a forward contract to sell or buy the amount of the
former foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of the Fund's
portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. The second investment
practice is generally referred to as "cross-hedging." The Fund has no specific
limitation on the percentage of assets it may commit to forward contracts,
subject to its stated investment objective and policies, except that the Fund
will not enter into a forward contract if the amount of assets set aside to
cover forward contracts would impede portfolio management or the Fund's ability
to meet redemption requests. Although forward contracts will be used primarily
to protect the Fund from adverse currency movements, they also involve the risk
that anticipated currency movements will not be accurately predicted.
The Fund may purchase put and call options and write covered put and call
options on foreign currencies for the purpose of protecting against declines in
the U.S. dollar value of foreign currency-denominated portfolio securities and
against increases in the U.S. dollar cost of such securities to be acquired. As
in the case of other kinds of options, however, the writing of an option on a
foreign currency constitutes only a partial hedge, up to the amount of the
premium received, and the Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign
currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The
purchase of an option on a foreign currency may constitute an effective hedge
against fluctuations in exchange rates although, in the event of rate movements
adverse to the Fund's position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the
premium plus related transaction costs. Options on foreign currencies to be
written or purchased by the Fund are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges or
over-the-counter.
FUTURES CONTRACTS. For hedging purposes only, the Fund may buy and sell
financial futures contracts, stock and bond index futures contracts, foreign
currency futures contracts and options on any of the foregoing. A financial
futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell a specified
debt security at a set price on a future date. An index futures contract is an
agreement to take or make delivery of an amount of cash based on the difference
between the value of the index at the beginning and at the end of the contract
period. A futures contract on a foreign currency is an agreement to buy or sell
a specified amount of a currency for a set price on a future date.
When the Fund enters into a futures contract, it must make an initial deposit,
known as "initial margin," as a partial guarantee of its performance under the
contract. As the value of the security, index or currency fluctuates, either
party to the contract is required to make additional margin payments, known as
"variation margin," to cover any additional obligation it may have under the
contract. In addition, when the Fund enters into a futures contract, it will
segregate assets or "cover" its position in accordance with the 1940 Act. See
"How Does the Fund Invest Its Assets -- Futures Contracts" in the SAI. With
respect to positions in futures and related options that do not constitute "bona
fide hedging" positions, the Fund will not enter into a futures contract or
related option contract if, immediately thereafter, the aggregate initial margin
deposits relating to such positions plus premiums paid by it for open futures
option positions, less the amount by which any such options are "in-the-money,"
would exceed 5% of the Fund's total assets.
WHAT ARE THE FUND'S POTENTIAL RISKS?
All investments involve risk and there can be no guarantee against loss
resulting from an investment in the Fund, nor can there be any assurance that
the Fund's investment objective will be attained. As with any investment in
securities, the value of, and income from, an investment in the Fund can
decrease as well as increase, depending on a variety of factors which may affect
the values and income generated by the Fund's portfolio securities, including
general economic conditions and market factors. In addition to the factors which
affect the value of individual securities, you may anticipate that the value of
Fund shares will fluctuate with movements in the broader equity and bond
markets. A decline in the stock market of any country in which the Fund is
invested may also be reflected in declines in the price of the shares of the
Fund. History reflects both decreases and increases in worldwide stock markets
and currency valuations, and these may recur unpredictably in the future.
INVESTMENT IN JAPANESE ISSUERS. Because the Fund will, under normal conditions,
invest at least 80% of its assets in equity securities of Japanese issuers, the
Fund's performance is expected to be closely tied to economic and political
conditions in Japan, and its performance is expected to be more volatile than
more geographically diversified funds. Changes in regulatory, tax or economic
policy in Japan could significantly affect the Japanese securities markets and
therefore the Fund's performance.
Japan's economic growth has declined significantly since 1990. The general
government position has deteriorated as a result of weakening economic growth
and stimulative measures taken to support economic activity and to restore
financial stability. Although the decline in interest rates and fiscal
stimulation packages have helped to contain recessionary forces, uncertainties
remain. Japan is also heavily dependent upon international trade, so its economy
is especially sensitive to trade barriers and disputes. In addition, Japan's
banking industry is undergoing problems related to bad loans and declining
values in real estate.
The common stocks of many Japanese companies trade at high price-earnings
ratios. Differences in accounting methods make it difficult to compare the
earnings of Japanese companies with those of companies in other countries,
especially the U.S. In general, however, reported net income in Japan is
understated relative to U.S. accounting standards and this is one reason why
price-earnings ratios of the stocks of Japanese companies have tended
historically to be higher than those for U.S. stocks. In addition, Japanese
companies have tended historically to have higher growth rates than U.S.
companies and Japanese interest rates have generally been lower than in the
U.S., both of which factors tend to result in lower discount rates and higher
price-earnings ratios in Japan than in the U.S.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS. Up to 20% of the Fund's total assets may be invested in
securities of non-Japanese issuers, including issuers in developing countries.
You should consider carefully the substantial risks involved in investing in
securities issued by companies and governments of foreign nations, including
Japan, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic
investments. These risks are often heightened for investments in developing
markets, including certain Eastern European countries. See "What Are the Fund's
Potential Risks?" in the SAI. There is the possibility of expropriation,
nationalization or confiscatory taxation, taxation of income earned in foreign
nations (including, for example, withholding taxes on interest and dividends) or
other taxes imposed with respect to investments in foreign nations, foreign
exchange controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer
currency from a given country), foreign investment controls on daily stock
market movements, default in foreign government securities, political or social
instability or diplomatic developments which could affect investment in
securities of issuers in foreign nations. Some countries may withhold portions
of interest and dividends at the source. In addition, in many countries there is
less publicly available information about issuers than is available in reports
about companies in the U.S. Foreign companies are not generally subject to
uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, and auditing
practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to U.S.
companies. Further, the Fund may encounter difficulties or be unable to vote
proxies, exercise shareholder rights, pursue legal remedies, and obtain
judgments in foreign courts.
Brokerage commissions, custodial services and other costs relating to investment
in foreign countries are generally more expensive than in the U.S. Brokerage
commissions in Japan are fixed. See "How Does the Fund Buy Securities for Its
Portfolio?" in the SAI. Foreign securities markets also have different clearance
and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when
settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities
transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in
settlement could result in temporary periods when assets of the Fund are
uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of the Fund to make
intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to
miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio
securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund
due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio security or, if the Fund
has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible
liability to the purchaser.
In many foreign countries there is less government supervision and regulation of
business and industry practices, stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies
than in the U.S. There is an increased risk, therefore, of uninsured loss due to
lost, stolen, or counterfeit stock certificates. In addition, the foreign
securities markets of many of the countries in which the Fund may invest may
also be smaller, less liquid, and subject to greater price volatility than those
in the U.S. As an open-end investment company, the Fund is limited in the extent
to which it may invest in illiquid securities. See "What Are the Fund's
Potential Risks?" in the SAI. The Tokyo Stock Exchange, however, has a large
volume of trading and Investment Counsel believes that securities of companies
traded in Japan are generally as liquid as securities of comparable U.S.
companies.
Prior governmental approval of foreign investments may be required under certain
circumstances in some developing countries, and the extent of foreign investment
in domestic companies may be subject to limitation in other developing
countries. Foreign ownership limitations also may be imposed by the charters of
individual companies in developing countries to prevent, among other concerns,
violation of foreign investment limitations.
Repatriation of investment income, capital and proceeds of sales by foreign
investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some
developing countries. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in or a
refusal to grant any required governmental registration or approval for such
repatriation.
Further, the economies of developing countries generally are heavily dependent
upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be
adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in
relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated
by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may
continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with
which they trade.
As a non-fundamental policy, the Fund will limit its investment in Russian
securities to 5% of its total assets. Russian securities involve additional
significant risks, including political and social uncertainty (for example,
regional conflicts and risk of war), currency exchange rate volatility,
pervasiveness of corruption and crime in the Russian economic system, delays in
settling portfolio transactions and risk of loss arising out of Russia's system
of share registration and custody. For more information on these risks and other
risks associated with Russian securities, please see "What Are the Fund's
Potential Risks?" in the SAI.
EMERGING GROWTH COMPANIES. The Fund has established no criteria regarding the
minimum market capitalization of the companies in which it may invest. While
they may offer greater opportunities for capital appreciation than larger, more
established companies, investments in smaller, emerging growth companies may
involve greater risks and thus may be considered speculative. For example, small
companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial and management
resources. In addition, many small emerging growth company stocks trade less
frequently and in smaller volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic
price movements, than stocks of large companies. The securities of small
emerging growth companies may also be more sensitive to market changes than the
securities of large companies.
HIGH-RISK DEBT SECURITIES. Although the Fund's current investment policy is that
it will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in debt securities rated
lower than BBB by S&P or Baa by Moody's, the Board may consider a change in this
operating policy if, in its judgment, economic conditions change such that a
higher level of investment in high-risk, lower quality debt securities would be
consistent with the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. High-risk, lower
quality debt securities, commonly referred to as "junk bonds," are regarded, on
balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to
pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation
and may be in default. Unrated debt securities are not necessarily of lower
quality than rated securities, but they may not be attractive to as many buyers.
Regardless of rating levels, all debt securities considered for purchase
(whether rated or unrated) will be carefully analyzed by Investment Counsel to
insure, to the extent possible, that the planned investment is sound. The Fund
may, from time to time, invest up to 5% of its total assets in defaulted debt
securities if, in the opinion of Investment Counsel, the issuer may resume
interest payments in the near future.
LEVERAGE. Leveraging by means of borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any
increase or decrease in the value of portfolio securities on the Fund's Net
Asset Value, and money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs
(which may include commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum
average balances) which may or may not exceed the income received from the
securities purchased with borrowed funds.
FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS. Option and foreign currency exchange
transactions and future contracts are commonly referred to as derivative
instruments. Successful use of futures contracts and related options is subject
to special risk considerations. A liquid secondary market for any futures or
options contract may not be available when a futures or options position is
sought to be closed. In addition, there may be an imperfect correlation between
movements in the securities or foreign currency on which the futures or options
contract is based and movements in the securities or currency in the Fund's
portfolio. Successful use of futures or options contracts is further dependent
on Investment Counsel's ability to correctly predict movements in the securities
or foreign currency markets, and no assurance can be given that its judgment
will be correct. Successful use of options on securities or securities indices
is subject to similar risk considerations. The Fund has the authority to
purchase over-the-counter options, which are generally less liquid than exchange
traded options. In addition, by writing covered call options, the Fund gives up
the opportunity, while the option is in effect, to profit from any price
increase in the underlying security above the option exercise price.
There are further risk factors, including possible losses through the holding of
securities in domestic and foreign custodian banks and depositories, described
elsewhere in the prospectus and in the SAI.
WHO MANAGES THE FUND?
THE BOARD. The Board oversees the management of the Fund and elects its
officers. The officers are responsible for the Fund's day-to-day operations. The
Board also monitors the Fund to ensure no material conflicts exist between the
Fund's classes of shares. While none is expected, the Board will act
appropriately to resolve any material conflict that may arise.
INVESTMENT MANAGER. Investment Counsel manages the Fund's assets and makes its
investment decisions. Investment Counsel also performs similar services for
other funds. It is wholly owned by Resources, a publicly owned company engaged
in the financial services industry through its subsidiaries. Charles B. Johnson
and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are the principal shareholders of Resources.
Together, Investment Counsel and its affiliates manage over $199 billion in
assets. The Templeton organization has been investing globally since 1940.
Investment Counsel and its affiliates have offices in Argentina, Australia,
Bahamas, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Korea,
Luxembourg, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Taiwan, United Kingdom,
U.S., and Vietnam. Please see "Investment Management and Other Services" and
"Miscellaneous Information" in the SAI for information on securities
transactions and a summary of the Fund's Code of Ethics.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT. The lead portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception
is William T. Howard, Jr. Mr. Howard is a senior vice president of Investment
Counsel. He holds a BA in international studies from Rhodes College and an MBA
in finance from Emory University. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst and a
member of the Financial Analysts Society. Before joining the Templeton
organization in 1993, Mr. Howard was a portfolio manager and analyst with the
Tennessee Consolidated Retirement System in Nashville, Tennessee, where he was
responsible for research and management of the international equity portfolio,
and specialized in the Japanese equity market. As a portfolio manager and
research analyst with Templeton, Mr. Howard's research responsibilities include
the shipping, engineering and U.S. forest products and paper industries. He is
also responsible for country coverage of Japan and New Zealand.
Gary P. Motyl and Gary R. Clemons exercise secondary portfolio management
responsibilities for the Fund. Mr. Motyl is an executive vice president of
Investment Counsel. He holds a BS in finance from Lehigh University and an MBA
in finance from Pace University. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst. Prior to
joining the Templeton organization in 1981, Mr. Motyl worked from 1974 to 1979
as a security analyst with S&P, and as a research analyst and portfolio manager
from 1979 to 1981 with Landmark First Mortgage Bank, where he had responsibility
for equity research and managed several pension and profit sharing plans. His
research responsibilities with Templeton include the automobile industry, the
U.S. utility industry and country coverage of Germany. Mr. Clemons is a senior
vice president of Investment Counsel. He holds a BS from the University of
Nevada -- Reno and an MBA with emphases in finance and investment banking from
the University of Wisconsin -- Madison. He joined Investment Counsel in 1993.
Prior to that time he was a research analyst at Templeton Quantitative Advisors,
Inc. in New York, where he was also responsible for management of a small
capitalization fund. As a portfolio manager and research analyst with Templeton,
Mr. Clemons has responsibility for the telecommunications industry and country
coverage of Colombia, Peru, Norway, and Sweden.
MANAGEMENT FEES. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, management fees,
before any advance waiver, totaled 0.75% of the average daily net assets of the
Fund. Total operating expenses, before any advance waiver, were 3.05% of the
average daily net assets of the Fund. Under an agreement by Investment Counsel
to waive its fees, the Fund paid no (0.00%) management fees and the Fund paid
total operating expenses of 2.00%. After July 31, 1998, this agreement may end
at any time upon notice to the Board.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS. Investment Counsel tries to obtain the best execution on
all transactions. If Investment Counsel believes more than one broker or dealer
can provide the best execution, it may consider research and related services
and the sale of Fund shares, as well as shares of other funds in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds, when selecting a broker or dealer. Please see "How
Does the Fund Buy Securities for its Portfolio?" in the SAI for more
information.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES. Since October 1, 1996, FT Services has provided certain
administrative services and facilities for the Fund. Prior to that date,
Templeton Global Investors, Inc. provided the same services to the Fund. During
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, administration fees, before any advance
waiver, totaled 0.15% of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Under an
agreement by the administrators to waive their fees, the Fund paid no (0.00%)
administration fees. Please see "Investment Management and Other Services" in
the SAI for more information.
THE RULE 12B-1 PLAN
The Fund has a distribution plan or "Rule 12b-1 Plan" for its Class I shares
under which it may reimburse Distributors or others for the expenses of
activities that are primarily intended to sell shares of the class. These
expenses may include, among others, distribution or service fees paid to
Securities Dealers or others who have executed a servicing agreement with the
Fund, Distributors or its affiliates; a prorated portion of Distributors'
overhead expenses; and the expenses of printing prospectuses and reports used
for sales purposes, and preparing and distributing sales literature and
advertisements.
Payments by the Fund under the plan may not exceed 0.35% per year of Class I's
average daily net assets. Expenses not reimbursed in any quarter may be
reimbursed in future quarters or years. This includes expenses not reimbursed
because they exceeded the applicable limit under the plan. As of March 31, 1997,
expenses under the plan that may be reimbursable in future quarters or years
totaled $13,668, or 0.19% of Class I's net assets. During the first year after
certain purchases made without a sales charge, Distributors may keep the Rule
12b-1 fees associated with the purchase. For more information, please see "The
Fund's Underwriter" in the SAI.
HOW DOES THE FUND MEASURE PERFORMANCE?
From time to time, the Fund advertises its performance. The more commonly used
measure of performance is total return. Performance figures are usually
calculated using the maximum sales charge, but certain figures may not include
the sales charge.
Total return is the change in value of an investment over a given period. It
assumes any dividends and capital gains are reinvested.
The Fund's investment results will vary. Performance figures are always based on
past performance and do not guarantee future results. For a more detailed
description of how the Fund calculates its performance figures, please see "How
Does the Fund Measure Performance?" in the SAI.
The Fund also offers another share class and, from time to time, will advertise
its performance in a manner described in the prospectus for that class.
<PAGE>
HOW TAXATION AFFECTS THE FUND AND ITS SHAREHOLDERS
FEDERAL TAX INFORMATION
The following discussion reflects some of the tax considerations that affect
mutual funds and their shareholders. For more information on tax matters
relating to the Fund and its shareholders, see "Additional Information on
Distributions and Taxes" in the SAI.
The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a regulated
investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. A regulated investment
company generally is not subject to Federal income tax on income and gains
distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders. The Fund intends to
distribute to shareholders substantially all of its net investment income and
net realized capital gains, which generally will be taxable income or capital
gains in their hands. Distributions declared in October, November or December to
shareholders of record on a date in such month and paid during the following
January will be treated as having been received by shareholders on December 31
in the year such distributions were declared. The Fund will inform shareholders
each year of the amount and nature of such income or gains. Sales or other
dispositions of Fund shares generally will give rise to taxable gain or loss.
JAPAN TAXES
Pursuant to the tax convention between the U.S. and Japan (the "Convention"), a
Japanese withholding tax at the maximum rate of 15% is, with certain exceptions,
imposed upon dividends paid by Japanese corporations to the Fund. Pursuant to
the present terms of the Convention, interest received by the Fund from sources
within Japan is subject to a Japanese withholding tax at a maximum rate of 10%.
Capital gains of the Fund arising from its investments as described herein are
not taxable in Japan.
Generally, the Fund will be subject to the Japan securities transaction tax on
its sale of certain securities in Japan. The current rates of such tax range
from 0.03% to 0.30% depending upon the particular type of securities involved.
Transactions involving equity securities are currently taxed at the highest
rate.
HOW IS THE FUND ORGANIZED?
The Fund is a diversified open-end management investment company, commonly
called a mutual fund. It was organized as a Delaware business trust on October
29, 1991, and is registered with the SEC. As of January 1, 1997, the Fund began
offering a new class of shares designated Franklin Templeton Japan Fund --
Advisor Class. All shares outstanding before the offering of Advisor Class
shares have been designated Franklin Templeton Japan Fund -- Class I. Additional
classes of shares may be offered in the future.
Shares of each class represent proportionate interests in the assets of the Fund
and have the same voting and other rights and preferences as any other class of
the Fund for matters that affect the Fund as a whole. For matters that only
affect one class, however, only shareholders of that class may vote. Each class
will vote separately on matters affecting only that class, or expressly required
to be voted on separately by state or federal law.
The Fund has noncumulative voting rights. This gives holders of more than 50% of
the shares voting the ability to elect all of the members of the Board. If this
happens, holders of the remaining shares voting will not be able to elect anyone
to the Board.
The Fund does not intend to hold annual shareholder meetings. It may hold
special meetings, however, for matters requiring shareholder approval. A meeting
may also be called by the Board in its discretion or for the purpose of
considering the removal of a Board member if requested in writing to do so by
shareholders holding at least 10% of the outstanding shares. In certain
circumstances, we are required to help you communicate with other shareholders
about the removal of a Board member.
As of July 2, 1997, Resources owned of record and beneficially more than 25% of
the outstanding Advisor
Class shares of the Fund.
<PAGE>
ABOUT YOUR ACCOUNT
HOW DO I BUY SHARES?
OPENING YOUR ACCOUNT
To open your account, contact your investment representative or complete and
sign the enclosed shareholder application and return it to the Fund with your
check.
MINIMUM
INVESTMENTS*
----------------------------- ------------------------
To Open Your Account..... $100
To Add to Your Account... $ 25
*We may waive these minimums for retirement plans. We may also refuse any order
to buy shares.
SALES CHARGE REDUCTIONS AND WAIVERS
If you qualify to buy shares under one of the sales charge reduction or waiver
categories described below, please include a written statement with each
purchase order explaining which privilege applies. If you don't include this
statement, we cannot guarantee that you will receive the sales charge reduction
or waiver.
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS. The sales charge you pay depends on the dollar amount you
invest, as shown in the table below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TOTAL SALES CHARGE AMOUNT PAID
AS A PERCENTAGE OF TO DEALER AS A
AMOUNT OF PURCHASE OFFERING NET AMOUNT PERCENTAGE OF
AT OFFERING PRICE PRICE INVESTED OFFERING PRICE
----------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Under $50,000..................... 5.75% 6.10% 5.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000.... 4.50% 4.71% 3.75%
$100,000 but less than $250,000... 3.50% 3.63% 2.80%
$250,000 but less than $500,000... 2.50% 2.56% 2.00%
$500,000 but less than $1,000,000. 2.00% 2.04% 1.60%
$1,000,000 or more*............... None None None
</TABLE>
*If you invest $1 million or more, a Contingent Deferred Sales Charge may be
imposed on an early redemption. Please see "How Do I Sell Shares? --
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge." Please also see "Other Payments to
Securities Dealers" below for a discussion of payments Distributors may make
out of its own resources to Securities Dealers for certain purchases.
CUMULATIVE QUANTITY DISCOUNTS. To determine if you may pay a reduced sales
charge, the amount of your current purchase is added to the cost or current
value, whichever is higher, of your existing shares in the Franklin
Templeton Funds, as well as those of your spouse, children under the age of
21 and grandchildren under the age of 21. If you are the sole owner of a
company, you may also add any company accounts, including retirement plan
accounts. Companies with one or more retirement plans may add together the
total plan assets invested in the Franklin Templeton Funds to determine the
sales charge that applies.
LETTER OF INTENT. You may buy shares at a reduced sales charge by completing
the Letter of Intent section of the shareholder application. A Letter of
Intent is a commitment by you to invest a specified dollar amount during a
13 month period. The amount you agree to invest determines the sales charge
you pay.
BY COMPLETING THE LETTER OF INTENT SECTION OF THE SHAREHOLDER APPLICATION, YOU
ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE TO THE FOLLOWING:
o You authorize Distributors to reserve 5% of your total intended purchase
in Fund shares registered in your name until you fulfill your Letter.
o You give Distributors a security interest in the reserved shares and
appoint Distributors as attorney-in-fact.
o Distributors may sell any or all of the reserved shares to cover any
additional sales charge if you do not fulfill the terms of the Letter.
o Although you may exchange your shares, you may not sell reserved shares
until you complete the Letter or pay the higher sales charge.
Your periodic statements will include the reserved shares in the total
shares you own. We will pay or reinvest dividend and capital gain
distributions on the reserved shares as you direct. Our policy of reserving
shares does not apply to certain retirement plans.
If you would like more information about the Letter of Intent privilege,
please see "How Do I Buy, Sell and Exchange Shares? -- Letter of Intent" in
the SAI or call
Shareholder Services.
GROUP PURCHASES. If you are a member of a qualified group, you may buy Fund
shares at a reduced sales charge that applies to the group as a whole. The
sales charge is based on the combined dollar value of the group members'
existing investments, plus the amount of the current purchase.
A qualified group is one that:
o Was formed at least six months ago,
o Has a purpose other than buying Fund shares at a discount,
o Has more than 10 members,
o Can arrange for meetings between our representatives and group members,
o Agrees to include Franklin Templeton Fund sales and other materials in
publications and mailings to its members at reduced or no cost to Distributors,
o Agrees to arrange for payroll deduction or other bulk transmission of
investments to the Fund, and
o Meets other uniform criteria that allow Distributors to achieve cost
savings in distributing shares.
SALES CHARGE WAIVERS. The Fund's front-end sales charge and Contingent
Deferred Sales Charge do not apply to certain purchases. For waiver
categories 1, 2 or 3 below: (i) the distributions or payments must be
reinvested within 365 days of their payment date, and (ii) the distributions
may be from either Class I or Class II shares of a fund.
The Fund's sales charges do not apply if you are buying shares with money
from the following sources:
1. Dividend and capital gain distributions from any Franklin Templeton Fund or a
real estate investment trust (REIT) sponsored or advised by Franklin
Properties, Inc.
2. Distributions from an existing retirement plan invested in the Franklin
Templeton Funds
3. Annuity payments received under either an annuity option or from death
benefit proceeds, only if the annuity contract offers as an investment option
the Franklin Valuemark Funds, the Templeton Variable Annuity Fund, the Templeton
Variable Products Series Fund, or the Franklin Government Securities Trust. You
should contact your tax advisor for information on any tax consequences that may
apply.
4. Redemptions from any Franklin Templeton Fund if you:
o Originally paid a sales charge on the shares,
o Reinvest the money within 365 days of the redemption date, and
o Reinvest the money in the SAME CLASS of shares.
An exchange is not considered a redemption for this privilege. The Contingent
Deferred Sales Charge will not be waived if the shares were subject to a
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge when sold. We will credit your account in
shares, at the current value, in proportion to the amount reinvested for any
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge paid in connection with the earlier redemption,
but a new Contingency Period will begin.
If you immediately placed your redemption proceeds in a Franklin Bank CD, you
may reinvest them as described above. The proceeds must be reinvested within 365
days from the date the CD matures, including any rollover.
The Fund's sales charges also do not apply to purchases by:
5. Trust companies and bank trust departments agreeing to invest in Franklin
Templeton Funds over a 13 month period at least $1 million of assets held in a
fiduciary, agency, advisory, custodial or similar capacity and over which the
trust companies and bank trust departments or other plan fiduciaries or
participants, in the case of certain retirement plans, have full or shared
investment discretion. We will accept orders for these accounts by mail
accompanied by a check or by telephone or other means of electronic data
transfer directly from the bank or trust company, with payment by federal funds
received by the close of business on the next business day following the order.
6. Group annuity separate accounts offered to retirement plans
7. Chilean retirement plans that meet the requirements described under
"Retirement Plans" below
8. An Eligible Governmental Authority. Please consult your legal and investment
advisors to determine if an investment in the Fund is permissible and suitable
for you and the effect, if any, of payments by the Fund on arbitrage rebate
calculations.
9. Broker-dealers, registered investment advisors or certified financial
planners who have entered into an agreement with Distributors for clients
participating in comprehensive fee programs
10. Registered Securities Dealers and their affiliates, for their investment
accounts only
11. Current employees of Securities Dealers and their affiliates and their
family members, as allowed by the internal policies of their employer
12. Officers, trustees, directors and full-time employees of the Franklin
Templeton Funds or the Franklin Templeton Group, and their family members,
consistent with our then-current policies
13. Investment companies exchanging shares or selling assets pursuant to a
merger, acquisition or exchange offer
14. Accounts managed by the Franklin Templeton Group
15. Certain unit investment trusts and their holders reinvesting distributions
from the trusts
RETIREMENT PLANS. Retirement plans that (i) are sponsored by an employer with at
least 100 employees, or (ii) have plan assets of $1 million or more, or (iii)
agree to invest at least $500,000 in the Franklin Templeton Funds over a 13
month period may buy shares without a front-end sales charge. Retirement plans
that are not Qualified Retirement Plans or SEPs, such as 403(b) or 457 plans,
must also meet the requirements described under "Group Purchases" above. For
retirement plan accounts opened on or after May 1, 1997, a Contingent Deferred
Sales Charge may apply if the account is closed within 365 days of the
retirement plan account's initial purchase in the Franklin Templeton Funds.
Please see "How Do I Sell Shares? -- Contingent Deferred Sales Charge" for
details.
Any retirement plan that does not meet the requirements to buy shares without a
front-end sales charge and that was a shareholder of the Fund on or before
February 1, 1995, may buy shares of the Fund subject to a maximum sales charge
of 4% of the Offering Price, 3.2% of which will be retained by Securities
Dealers.
HOW DO I BUY SHARES IN CONNECTION WITH RETIREMENT PLANS?
Your individual or employer-sponsored retirement plan may invest in the Fund.
Plan documents are required for all retirement plans. Trust Company can provide
the plan documents for you and serve as custodian or trustee.
Trust Company can provide you with brochures containing important information
about its plans. To establish a Trust Company retirement plan, you will need an
application other than the one included in this prospectus. For a retirement
plan brochure or application, call Retirement Plan Services.
Please consult your legal, tax or retirement plan specialist before choosing a
retirement plan. Your investment representative or advisor can help you make
investment decisions within your plan.
OTHER PAYMENTS TO SECURITIES DEALERS
The payments described below may be made to Securities Dealers who initiate and
are responsible for certain purchases made without a sales charge. The payments
are subject to the sole discretion of Distributors, and are paid by Distributors
or one of its affiliates and not by the Fund or its shareholders.
1. Purchases of $1 million or more -- up to 1% of the amount invested.
2. Purchases made without a front-end sales charge by certain retirement plans
described under "Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers -- Retirement Plans" above
- -- up to 1% of the amount invested. For retirement plan accounts opened on or
after May 1, 1997, a Contingent Deferred Sales Charge will not apply to the
account if the Securities Dealer chooses to receive a payment of 0.25% or less
or if no payment is made.
3. Purchases by trust companies and bank trust departments, Eligible
Governmental Authorities, and broker-dealers or others on behalf of clients
participating in comprehensive fee programs -- up to 0.25% of the amount
invested.
4. Purchases by Chilean retirement plans -- up to 1% of the amount invested.
A Securities Dealer may receive only one of these payments for each qualifying
purchase. Securities Dealers who receive payments in connection with investments
described in paragraphs 1 or 4 above or a payment of up to 1% for investments
described in paragraph 2 will be eligible to receive the Rule 12b-1 fee
associated with the purchase starting in the thirteenth calendar month after the
purchase.
FOR BREAKPOINTS THAT MAY APPLY AND INFORMATION ON ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION
PAYABLE TO SECURITIES DEALERS IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OF FUND SHARES, PLEASE
SEE "HOW DO I BUY, SELL AND EXCHANGE SHARES? -- OTHER PAYMENTS TO SECURITIES
DEALERS" IN THE SAI.
MAY I EXCHANGE SHARES FOR SHARES OF ANOTHER FUND?
We offer a wide variety of funds. If you would like, you can move your
investment from your Fund account to an existing or new account in another
Franklin Templeton Fund (an "exchange"). Because it is technically a sale
and a purchase of shares, an exchange is a taxable transaction.
Before making an exchange, please read the prospectus of the fund you are
interested in. This will help you learn about the fund, its investment
objective and policies, and its rules and requirements for exchanges. For
example, some Franklin Templeton Funds do not accept exchanges and others
may have different investment minimums.
METHOD STEPS TO FOLLOW
---------------------- ---------------------------------------
BY MAIL 1. Send us written instructions
signed by all account owners
2. Include any outstanding share
certificates for the shares you're
exchanging
---------------------- ---------------------------------------
BY PHONE Call Shareholder Services orTeleFACTS(R)
If you do not want the ability to
exchange by phone to apply to your
account, please let us know.
--------------------------------------------------------------
THROUGH YOUR DEALER Call your investment representative
--------------------------------------------------------------
Please refer to "Transaction Procedures and Special Requirements" for other
important information on how to exchange shares.
WILL SALES CHARGES APPLY TO MY EXCHANGE?
You generally will not pay a front-end sales charge on exchanges. If you have
held your shares less than six months, however, you will pay the percentage
difference between the sales charge you previously paid and the applicable sales
charge of the new fund. If you have never paid a sales charge on your shares
because, for example, they have always been held in a money fund, you will pay
the Fund's applicable sales charge no matter how long you have held your shares.
These charges may not apply if you qualify to buy shares without a sales charge.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE. We will not impose a Contingent Deferred Sales
Charge when you exchange shares. Any shares subject to a Contingent Deferred
Sales Charge at the time of exchange, however, will remain so in the new fund.
For accounts with shares subject to a Contingent Deferred Sales Charge, we will
first exchange any shares in your account that are not subject to the charge. If
there are not enough of these to meet your exchange request, we will exchange
shares subject to the charge in the order they were purchased. If you exchange
shares into one of our money funds, the time your shares are held in that fund
will not count towards the completion of any Contingency Period. For more
information about the Contingent Deferred Sales Charge, please see that section
under "How Do I Sell Shares?"
EXCHANGE RESTRICTIONS
Please be aware that the following restrictions apply to exchanges:
oYou may only exchange shares within the SAME CLASS, except as noted below.
o The accounts must be identically registered. You may, however, exchange
shares from a Fund account requiring two or more signatures into an
identically registered money fund account requiring only one signature for
all transactions. PLEASE NOTIFY US IN WRITING IF YOU DO NOT WANT THIS OPTION
TO BE AVAILABLE ON YOUR ACCOUNT. Additional procedures may apply. Please see
"Transaction Procedures and Special Requirements."
o Trust Company IRA or 403(b) retirement plan accounts may exchange shares as
described above. Restrictions may apply to other types of retirement plans.
Please contact Retirement Plan Services for information on exchanges within
these plans.
o The fund you are exchanging into must be eligible for sale in your state.
o We may modify or discontinue our exchange policy if we give you 60 days'
written notice.
oYour exchange may be restricted or refused if you have: (i) requested an
exchange out of the Fund within two weeks of an earlier exchange request, (ii)
exchanged shares out of the Fund more than twice in a calendar quarter, or
(iii) exchanged shares equal to at least $5 million, or more than 1% of the
Fund's net assets. Shares under common ownership or control are combined for
these limits. If you have exchanged shares as described in this paragraph, you
will be considered a Market Timer. Each exchange by a Market Timer, if
accepted, will be charged $5.00. Some of our funds do not allow investments by
Market Timers.
Because excessive trading can hurt Fund performance, operations and
shareholders, we may refuse any exchange purchase if (i) we believe the Fund
would be harmed or unable to invest effectively, or (ii) the Fund receives or
anticipates simultaneous orders that may significantly affect the Fund.
<PAGE>
LIMITED EXCHANGES BETWEEN DIFFERENT CLASSES OF SHARES
Certain funds in the Franklin Templeton Funds offer classes of shares not
offered by the Fund, such as "Class Z" shares. Certain shareholders of Class Z
shares of Franklin Mutual Series Fund Inc. may exchange their Class Z shares for
shares of the Fund at Net Asset Value.
HOW DO I SELL SHARES?
You may sell (redeem) your shares at any time.
METHOD STEPS TO FOLLOW
---------------------- ----------------------------------------------
BY MAIL 1. Send us written instructions signed by
account, your instructions should include:
o The name, address and telephone number
of the bank where you want the proceeds
sent
o Your bank account number
o The Federal Reserve ABA routing number
o If you are using a savings and loan or
credit union, the name of the
corresponding bank and the account number
2. Include any outstanding share certificates
for the shares you are selling
3. Provide a signature guarantee if required
4. Corporate, partnership and trust accounts
may need to send additional documents.
Accounts under court jurisdiction may have
other requirements.
---------------------- ----------------------------------------------
BY PHONE Call Shareholder Services. If you would like
your redemption proceeds wired to a bank
account, other than an escrow account, you
must first sign up for the wire feature. To
sign up, send us written instructions, with
a signature guarantee. To avoid any delay in
processing, the instructions should include
the items listed in "By Mail" above.
Telephone requests will be accepted:
o If the request is $50,000 or less.
Institutional accounts may exceed $50,000
by completing a separate agreement. Call
Institutional Services to receive a copy.
o If there are no share certificates
issued for the shares you want to sell or
you have already returned them to the Fund
o Unless you are selling shares in a Trust
Company retirement plan account
o Unless the address on your account was
changed by phone within the last 15 days
If you do not want the ability to
redeem by phone to apply to your
account, please let us know.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
THROUGH YOUR DEALER Call your investment representative
---------------------------------------------------------------------
We will send your redemption check within seven days after we receive your
request in proper form. If you would like the check sent to an address other
than the address of record or made payable to someone other than the registered
owners on the account, send us written instructions signed by all account
owners, with a signature guarantee. We are not able to receive or pay out cash
in the form of currency.
The wiring of redemption proceeds is a special service that we make available
whenever possible for redemption requests of $1,000 or more. If we receive your
request in proper form before 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, your wire payment will be
sent the next business day. For requests received in proper form after 4:00 p.m.
Eastern time, the payment will be sent the second business day. By offering this
service to you, the Fund is not bound to meet any redemption request in less
than the seven day period prescribed by law. Neither the Fund nor its agents
shall be liable to you or any other person if, for any reason, a redemption
request by wire is not processed as described in this section.
If you sell shares you recently purchased with a check or draft, we may delay
sending you the proceeds for up to 15 days or more to allow the check or draft
to clear. A certified or cashier's check may clear in less time.
Under unusual circumstances, we may suspend redemptions or postpone payment for
more than seven days as permitted by federal securities law.
Please refer to "Transaction Procedures and Special Requirements" for other
important information on how to sell shares.
TRUST COMPANY RETIREMENT PLAN ACCOUNTS
To comply with IRS regulations, you need to complete additional forms before
selling shares in a Trust Company retirement plan account. Tax penalties
generally apply to any distribution from these plans to a participant under age
59 1/2, unless the distribution meets an exception stated in the Code. To obtain
the necessary forms, please call Retirement Plan Services.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
If you did not pay a front-end sales charge because you invested $1 million or
more or agreed to invest $1 million or more under a Letter of Intent, a
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge may apply if you sell all or a part of your
investment within the Contingency Period. Once you have invested $1 million or
more, any additional investments you make without a sales charge may also be
subject to a Contingent Deferred Sales Charge if they are sold within the
Contingency Period. The charge is 1% of the value of the shares sold or the Net
Asset Value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
Certain retirement plan accounts opened on or after May 1, 1997, and that
qualify to buy shares without a front-end sales charge may also be subject to a
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge if the retirement plan account is closed within
365 days of the account's initial purchase in the Franklin Templeton Funds.
We will first redeem any shares in your account that are not subject to the
charge. If there are not enough of these to meet your request, we will redeem
shares subject to the charge in the order they were purchased.
Unless otherwise specified, when you request to sell a stated dollar amount, we
will redeem additional shares to cover any Contingent Deferred Sales Charge. For
requests to sell a stated number of shares, we will deduct the amount of the
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge, if any, from the sale proceeds.
WAIVERS. We waive the Contingent Deferred Sales Charge for:
o Exchanges
o Account fees
o Sales of shares purchased pursuant to a sales charge waiver
o Sales of shares purchased without a front-end sales charge by certain
retirement plan accounts if (i) the account was opened before May 1,
1997, or (ii) the Securities Dealer of record received a payment from
Distributors of 0.25% or less, or (iii) Distributors did not make any
payment in connection with the purchase, as described under "How Do I Buy
Shares? -- Other Payments to Securities Dealers"
o Redemptions by the Fund when an account falls below the minimum required
account size
o Redemptions following the death of the shareholder or beneficial owner
o Redemptions through a systematic withdrawal plan set up before
February 1, 1995
o Redemptions through a systematic withdrawal plan set up on or after
February 1, 1995, at a rate of up to 1% a month of an account's Net
Asset Value. For example, if you maintain an annual balance of $1
million, you can redeem up to $120,000 annually through a systematic
withdrawal plan free of charge.
o Distributions from individual retirement plan accounts due to death or
disability or upon periodic distributions based on life expectancy
o Tax-free returns
of excess contributions from employee benefit plans
o Redemptions by Trust Company employee benefit plans or employee benefit
plans serviced by ValuSelect(R)
o Participant initiated distributions from employee benefit plans or
participant initiated exchanges among investment choices in employee
benefit plans
WHAT DISTRIBUTIONS MIGHT I RECEIVE FROM THE FUND?
The Fund intends to pay a dividend at least annually representing substantially
all of its net investment income and any net realized capital gains.
Dividend payments are not guaranteed, are subject to the Board's discretion and
may vary with each payment. THE FUND DOES NOT PAY "INTEREST" OR GUARANTEE ANY
FIXED RATE OF RETURN ON AN INVESTMENT IN ITS SHARES.
If you buy shares shortly before the record date, please keep in mind that any
distribution will lower the value of the Fund's shares by the amount of the
distribution and you will then receive a portion of the price you paid back in
the form of a taxable distribution.
DISTRIBUTION OPTIONS
You may receive your distributions from the Fund in any of these ways:
1. BUY ADDITIONAL SHARES OF THE FUND -- You may buy additional shares of the
same class of the Fund (without a sales charge or imposition of a Contingent
Deferred Sales Charge) by reinvesting capital gain distributions, dividend
distributions, or both. This is a convenient way to accumulate additional shares
and maintain or increase your earnings base.
2. BUY SHARES OF OTHER FRANKLIN TEMPLETON FUNDS -- You may direct your
distributions to buy the same class of shares of another Franklin Templeton Fund
(without a sales charge or imposition of a Contingent Deferred Sales Charge).
Many shareholders find this a convenient way to diversify their investments.
3. RECEIVE DISTRIBUTIONS IN CASH -- You may receive capital gain distributions,
dividend distributions, or both in cash. If you have the money sent to another
person or to a checking account, you may need a signature guarantee.
TO SELECT ONE OF THESE OPTIONS, PLEASE COMPLETE SECTIONS 6 AND 7 OF THE
SHAREHOLDER APPLICATION INCLUDED WITH THIS PROSPECTUS OR TELL YOUR INVESTMENT
REPRESENTATIVE WHICH OPTION YOU PREFER. IF YOU DO NOT SELECT AN OPTION, WE WILL
AUTOMATICALLY REINVEST DIVIDEND AND CAPITAL GAIN DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE SAME CLASS
OF THE FUND. You may change your distribution option at any time by notifying us
by mail or phone. Please allow at least seven days before the record date for us
to process the new option. For Trust Company retirement plans, special forms are
required to receive distributions in cash.
TRANSACTION PROCEDURES AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
SHARE PRICE
When you buy shares, you pay the Offering Price. This is the Net Asset Value per
share, plus any applicable sales charges. When you sell shares, you receive the
Net Asset Value per share.
The Net Asset Value we use when you buy or sell shares is the one next
calculated after we receive your transaction request in proper form. If you buy
or sell shares through your Securities Dealer, however, we will use the Net
Asset Value next calculated after your Securities Dealer receives your request,
which is promptly transmitted to the Fund. Your redemption proceeds will not
earn interest between the time we receive the order from your dealer and the
time we receive any required documents.
HOW AND WHEN SHARES ARE PRICED
The Fund is open for business each day the NYSE is open. We determine the Net
Asset Value per share as of the scheduled close of the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m.
Eastern time. You can find the prior day's closing Net Asset Value and Offering
Price of the Fund in many newspapers.
The Net Asset Value of all outstanding shares of each class is calculated on a
pro rata basis. It is based on each class' proportionate participation in the
Fund, determined by the value of the shares of each class. Class I, however,
bears the Rule 12b-1 fees payable under its Rule 12b-1 plan. To calculate Net
Asset Value per share of each class, the assets of each class are valued and
totaled, liabilities are subtracted, and the balance, called net assets, is
divided by the number of shares of the class outstanding. The Fund's assets are
valued as described under "How Are Fund Shares Valued?" in the SAI.
PROPER FORM
An order to buy shares is in proper form when we receive your signed shareholder
application and check. Written requests to sell or exchange shares are in proper
form when we receive written instructions signed by all registered owners, with
a signature guarantee if necessary. We must also receive any outstanding share
certificates for those shares.
WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS
Written instructions must be signed by all registered owners. To avoid any delay
in processing your transaction, they should include:
o Your name,
o The Fund's name,
o The class of shares,
o A description of the request,
o For exchanges, the name of the fund you are exchanging into,
o Your account number,
o The dollar amount or number of shares, and
o A telephone number where we may reach you during the day, or in the evening if
preferred.
<PAGE>
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES
For our mutual protection, we require a signature guarantee in the following
situations:
1) You wish to sell over $50,000 worth of shares,
2) You want the proceeds to be paid to someone other than the registered owners,
3) The proceeds are not being sent to the address of record, preauthorized bank
account, or preauthorized brokerage firm account,
4) We receive instructions from an agent, not the registered owners,
5) We believe a signature guarantee would protect us against potential claims
based on the instructions received.
A signature guarantee verifies the authenticity of your signature. You should be
able to obtain a signature guarantee from a bank, broker, credit union, savings
association, clearing agency, or securities exchange or association. A NOTARIZED
SIGNATURE IS NOT SUFFICIENT.
SHARE CERTIFICATES
We will credit your shares to your Fund account. We do not issue share
certificates unless you specifically request them. This eliminates the costly
problem of replacing lost, stolen or destroyed certificates. If a certificate is
lost, stolen or destroyed, you may have to pay an insurance premium of up to 2%
of the value of the certificate to replace it.
Any outstanding share certificates must be returned to the Fund if you want to
sell or exchange those shares or if you would like to start a systematic
withdrawal plan. The certificates should be properly endorsed. You can do this
either by signing the back of the certificate or by completing a share
assignment form. For your protection, you may prefer to complete a share
assignment form and to send the certificate and assignment form in separate
envelopes.
TELEPHONE TRANSACTIONS
You may initiate many transactions by phone. Please refer to the sections of
this prospectus that discuss the transaction you would like to make or call
Shareholder Services.
When you call, we will request personal or other identifying information to
confirm that instructions are genuine. We may also record calls. We will not be
liable for following instructions communicated by telephone if we reasonably
believe they are genuine. For your protection, we may delay a transaction or not
implement one if we are not reasonably satisfied that the instructions are
genuine. If this occurs, we will not be liable for any loss.
If our lines are busy or you are otherwise unable to reach us by phone, you may
wish to ask your investment representative for assistance or send us written
instructions, as described elsewhere in this prospectus. If you are unable to
execute a transaction by phone, we will not be liable for any loss.
TRUST COMPANY RETIREMENT PLAN ACCOUNTS. We cannot accept instructions to sell
shares or change distribution options on Trust Company retirement plans by
phone. While you may exchange shares of Trust Company IRA and 403(b) retirement
accounts by phone, certain restrictions may be imposed on other retirement
plans.
To obtain any required forms or more information about distribution or transfer
procedures, please call Retirement Plan Services.
ACCOUNT REGISTRATIONS AND REQUIRED DOCUMENTS
When you open an account, we need you to tell us how you want your shares
registered. How you register your account will affect your ownership rights and
ability to make certain transactions. If you have questions about how to
register your account, you should consult your investment representative or
legal advisor. Please keep the following information in mind when registering
your account.
JOINT OWNERSHIP. If you open an account with two or more owners, we register the
account as "joint tenants with rights of survivorship" unless you tell us
otherwise. An account registered as "joint tenants with rights of survivorship"
is shown as "Jt Ten" on your account statement. For any account with two or more
owners, ALL owners must sign instructions to process transactions and changes to
the account. Even if the law in your state says otherwise, we cannot accept
instructions to change owners on the account unless all owners agree in writing.
If you would like another person or owner to sign for you, please send us a
current power of attorney.
GIFTS AND TRANSFERS TO MINORS. You may set up a custodial account for a minor
under your state's Uniform Gifts/Transfers to Minors Act. Other than this form
of registration, a minor may not be named as an account owner.
TRUSTS. You should register your account as a trust only if you have a valid
written trust document. This avoids future disputes or possible court action
over who owns the account.
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS. For corporate, partnership and trust accounts, please send
us the following documents when you open your account. This will help avoid
delays in processing your transactions while we verify who may sign on the
account.
TYPE OF ACCOUNT DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
CORPORATION Corporate Resolution
- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
PARTNERSHIP 1. The pages from the partnership agreement
that identify the general partners, or
2. A certification for a partnership agreement
- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
2. A certification for a partnership agreement
---------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
TRUST 1. The pages from the trust document that
identify the trustees, or
- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
2. A certification for trust
- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
STREET OR NOMINEE ACCOUNTS. If you have Fund shares held in a "street" or
"nominee" name account with your Securities Dealer, you may transfer the shares
to the street or nominee name account of another Securities Dealer. Both dealers
must have an agreement with Distributors or we cannot process the transfer.
Contact your Securities Dealer to initiate the transfer. We will process the
transfer after we receive authorization in proper form from your delivering
Securities Dealer. Accounts may be transferred electronically through the NSCC.
For accounts registered in street or nominee name, we may take instructions
directly from the Securities Dealer or your nominee.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION IF YOU HAVE AN INVESTMENT REPRESENTATIVE
If there is a Securities Dealer or other representative of record on your
account, we are authorized: (1) to provide confirmations, account statements and
other information about your account directly to your dealer and/or
representative; and (2) to accept telephone and electronic instructions directly
from your dealer or representative, including instructions to exchange or redeem
your shares. Electronic instructions may be processed through established
electronic trading systems and programs used by the Fund. Telephone instructions
directly from your representative will be accepted unless you have let us know
that you do not want telephone privileges to apply to your account.
TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
The IRS requires us to have your correct Social Security or tax identification
number on a signed shareholder application or applicable tax form. Federal law
requires us to withhold 31% of your taxable distributions and sale proceeds if
(i) you have not furnished a certified correct taxpayer identification number,
(ii) you have not certified that withholding does not apply, (iii) the IRS or a
Securities Dealer notifies the Fund that the number you gave us is incorrect, or
(iv) you are subject to backup withholding.
We may refuse to open an account if you fail to provide the required tax
identification number and certifications. We may also close your account if the
IRS notifies us that your tax identification number is incorrect. If you
complete an "awaiting TIN" certification, we must receive a correct tax
identification number within 60 days of your initial purchase to keep your
account open.
KEEPING YOUR ACCOUNT OPEN
Due to the relatively high cost of maintaining a small account, we may close
your account if the value of your shares is less than $50. We will only do this
if the value of your account fell below this amount because you voluntarily sold
your shares and your account has been inactive (except for the reinvestment of
distributions) for at least six months. Before we close your account, we will
notify you and give you 30 days to increase the value of your account to $100.
SERVICES TO HELP YOU MANAGE YOUR ACCOUNT
AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN
Our automatic investment plan offers a convenient way to invest in the Fund.
Under the plan, you can have money transferred automatically from your checking
account to the Fund each month to buy additional shares. If you are interested
in this program, please refer to the shareholder application included with this
prospectus or contact your investment representative. The market value of the
Fund's shares may fluctuate and a systematic investment plan such as this will
not assure a profit or protect against a loss. You may discontinue the program
at any time by notifying Investor Services by mail or phone.
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN
Our systematic withdrawal plan allows you to sell your shares and receive
regular payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual
basis. The value of your account must be at least $5,000 and the minimum payment
amount for each withdrawal must be at least $50. For retirement plans subject to
mandatory distribution requirements, the $50 minimum will not apply.
If you would like to establish a systematic withdrawal plan, please complete the
systematic withdrawal plan section of the shareholder application included with
this prospectus and indicate how you would like to receive your payments. You
may choose to direct your payments to buy the same class of shares of another
Franklin Templeton Fund or have the money sent directly to you, to another
person, or to a checking account. Once your plan is established, any
distributions paid by the Fund will be automatically reinvested in your account.
You will generally receive your payment by the end of the month in which a
payment is scheduled. When you sell your shares under a systematic withdrawal
plan, it is a taxable transaction.
To avoid paying sales charges on money you plan to withdraw within a short
period of time, you may not want to set up a systematic withdrawal plan if you
plan to buy shares on a regular basis. Shares sold under the plan may also be
subject to a Contingent Deferred Sales Charge. Please see "Contingent Deferred
Sales Charge" under "How Do I Sell Shares?"
You may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan, change the amount and schedule
of withdrawal payments, or suspend one payment by notifying us in writing at
least seven business days before the end of the month preceding a scheduled
payment. Please see "How Do I Buy, Sell and Exchange Shares? -- Systematic
Withdrawal Plan" in the SAI for more information.
TELEFACTS(R)
From a touch-tone phone, you may call our TeleFACTS(R) system (day or night) at
1-800/247-1753 to:
o obtain information about your account;
o obtain price and performance information about any Franklin Templeton Fund;
o exchange shares between identically registered Franklin accounts; and
o request duplicate statements and deposit slips for Franklin accounts.
You will need the Fund's code number to use TeleFACTS(R). The Fund's code number
is 417.
STATEMENTS AND REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS
We will send you the following statements and reports on a regular basis:
o Confirmation and account statements reflecting transactions in your account,
including additional purchases and dividend reinvestments. PLEASE VERIFY THE
ACCURACY OF YOUR STATEMENTS WHEN YOU RECEIVE THEM.
o Financial reports of the Fund will be sent every six months. To reduce Fund
expenses, we attempt to identify related shareholders within a household and
send only one copy of a report. Call Fund Information if you would like an
additional free copy of the Fund's financial reports.
INSTITUTIONAL ACCOUNTS
Additional methods of buying, selling or exchanging shares of the Fund may be
available to institutional accounts. Institutional investors may also be
required to complete an institutional account application. For more information,
call Institutional Services.
AVAILABILITY OF THESE SERVICES
The services above are available to most shareholders. If, however, your shares
are held by a financial institution, in a street name account, or networked
through the NSCC, the Fund may not be able to offer these services directly to
you. Please contact your investment representative.
WHAT IF I HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT MY ACCOUNT?
If you have any questions about your account, you may write to Investor Services
at 700 Central Avenue, P.O. Box 33030, St. Petersburg, Florida 33733-8030. The
Fund and Distributors are also located at this address. Investment Counsel is
located at 500 East Broward Boulevard, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33394-3091. You
may also contact us by phone at one of the numbers listed below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HOURS OF OPERATION (EASTERN TIME)
DEPARTMENT NAME TELEPHONE NO. (MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY)
<S> <C> <C>
Shareholder Services 1-800/632-2301 8:30 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
Dealer Services 1-800/524-4040 8:30 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
Fund Information 1-800/DIAL BEN 8:30 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.
(1-800/342-5236) 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. (Saturday)
Retirement Plan Services 1-800/527-2020 8:30 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
Institutional Services 1-800/321-8563 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
TDD (hearing impaired) 1-800/851-0637 8:30 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
</TABLE>
Your phone call may be monitored or recorded to ensure we provide you with high
quality service. You will hear a regular beeping tone if your call is being
recorded.
<PAGE>
GLOSSARY
USEFUL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
1933 ACT -- Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
1940 ACT -- Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
BOARD -- The Board of Trustees of the Fund
CD -- Certificate of deposit
CLASS I, CLASS II AND ADVISOR CLASS -- The Fund offers two classes of shares,
designated "Class I" and "Advisor Class." The two classes have proportionate
interests in the Fund's portfolio. They differ, however, primarily in their
sales charge and expense structures. Certain funds in the Franklin Templeton
Funds also offer a share class designated "Class II."
CODE -- Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
CONTINGENCY PERIOD -- The 12 month period during which a Contingent Deferred
Sales Charge may apply. Regardless of when during the month you purchased
shares, they will age one month on the last day of that month and each following
month.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE (CDSC)-- A sales charge of 1% that may apply if
you sell your shares within the Contingency Period.
DISTRIBUTORS -- Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., the Fund's principal
underwriter. The SAI lists the officers and Board members who are affiliated
with Distributors. See "Officers and Trustees."
ELIGIBLE GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY -- Any state or local government or any
instrumentality, department, authority or agency thereof that has determined the
Fund is a legally permissible investment and that can only buy shares of the
Fund without paying sales charges.
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON FUNDS -- The U.S. registered mutual funds in the Franklin
Group of Funds(R) and the Templeton Group of Funds except Franklin Valuemark
Funds, Franklin Government Securities Trust, Templeton Capital Accumulator Fund,
Inc., Templeton Variable Annuity Fund, and Templeton Variable Products Series
Fund
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP -- Franklin Resources, Inc., a publicly owned holding
company, and its various subsidiaries
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP OF FUNDS -- All U.S. registered investment companies in
the Franklin Group of Funds(R) and the Templeton Group of Funds
FT SERVICES -- Franklin Templeton Services, Inc., the Fund's administrator
INVESTMENT COUNSEL -- Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc., the Fund's investment
manager
INVESTOR SERVICES -- Franklin/Templeton Investor Services, Inc., the Fund's
shareholder servicing and transfer agent
IRS -- Internal Revenue Service
LETTER -- Letter of Intent
MARKET TIMERS -- Market Timers generally include market timing or asset
allocation services, accounts administered so as to buy, sell or exchange shares
based on predetermined market indicators, or any person or group whose
transactions seem to follow a timing pattern or whose transactions include
frequent or large exchanges.
MOODY'S -- Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
NASD -- National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
NET ASSET VALUE (NAV) -- The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting
the fund's liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The net asset
value per share is determined by dividing the net asset value of the fund by the
number of shares outstanding.
NSCC -- National Securities Clearing Corporation
NYSE -- New York Stock Exchange
OFFERING PRICE -- The public offering price is based on the Net Asset Value per
share and includes the front-end sales charge. The maximum front-end sales
charge is 5.75%.
QUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLANS -- An employer sponsored pension or profit-sharing
plan that qualifies under section 401 of the Code. Examples include 401(k),
money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
RESOURCES -- Franklin Resources, Inc.
SAI -- Statement of Additional Information
S&P -- Standard & Poor's Ratings Service, a division of The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
SEC -- U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SECURITIES DEALER -- A financial institution that, either directly or through
affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and
accounts with the Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not
indicate a legal conclusion of capacity.
SEP -- An employer sponsored simplified employee pension plan established under
section 408(k) of the Code
TELEFACTS(R) -- FRANKLIN TEMPLETON'S AUTOMATED CUSTOMER SERVICING SYSTEM
TRUST COMPANY -- Franklin Templeton Trust Company. Trust Company is an affiliate
of Distributors and both are wholly owned subsidiaries of Resources.
U.S. -- United States
WE/OUR/US -- Unless the context indicates a different meaning, these terms refer
to the Fund and/or Investor Services, Distributors, or other wholly owned
subsidiaries of Resources.
<PAGE>
INSTRUCTIONS AND IMPORTANT NOTICE
SUBSTITUTE W-9 INSTRUCTIONS INFORMATION
GENERAL. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the tax liability
of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax
withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund may be
obtained from the IRS.
OBTAINING A NUMBER. If you do not have a Social Security Number/Taxpayer
Identification Number or you do not know your SSN/TIN, you must obtain Form SS-5
or Form SS-4 from your local Social Security or IRS office and apply for one. If
you have checked the "Awaiting TIN" box and signed the certification,
withholding will apply to payments relating to your account unless you provide a
certified TIN within 60 days.
WHAT SSN/TIN TO GIVE. Please refer to the following guidelines:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ACCOUNT TYPE GIVE SSN OF ACCOUNT TYPE GIVE EMPLOYER ID # OF
- --------------------- ------------------ -------------------- --------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
o Individual Individual o Trust, Estate, Trust, Estate, or
or Pension Plan Pension Plan Trust
Trust
- --------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- --------------------------
o Joint Individual Owner who o Corporation, Corporation,
will be Partnership, or Partnership, or
paying tax or other organization other organization
first-named
individual
- --------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- --------------------------
o Unif. Gift/ Minor o Broker nominee Broker nominee
Transfer to Minor
- --------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- --------------------------
o Sole Proprietor Owner of
business
- --------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- --------------------------
o Legal Guardian Ward,
Minor, or
Incompetent
- ------------------------------------ ------------------ ---------------------- --------------------------
</TABLE>
EXEMPT RECIPIENTS. Please provide your TIN and check the "Exempt Recipient" box
if you are an exempt recipient. Exempt recipients include:
A corporation An organization exempt from
tax under section 501(a), or an
A financial institution individual retirement plan
A registered dealer in securities An exempt charitable remainder
or commodities registered in trust or a non-exempt trust
the U.S. or a U.S. possession described in section 4947(a)(1)
A real estate investment trust An entity registered at all times
under the Investment Company
A common trust fund operated Act of 1940
by a bank under section 584(a)
IRS PENALTIES. If you do not supply us with your SSN/TIN, you will be subject to
an IRS $50 penalty unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not
willful neglect. If you fail to report certain income on your federal income tax
return, you will be treated as negligent and subject to an IRS 20% penalty on
any underpayment of tax attributable to such negligence, unless there was
reasonable cause for the resulting underpayment and you acted in good faith. If
you falsify information on this form or make any other false statement resulting
in no backup withholding on an account which should be subject to backup
withholding, you may be subject to an IRS $500 penalty and certain criminal
penalties including fines and imprisonment.
SUBSTITUTE W-8 INSTRUCTIONS INFORMATION
EXEMPT FOREIGN PERSON. Check the "Exempt Foreign Person" box if you qualify as a
non-resident alien or foreign entity that is not subject to certain U.S.
information return reporting or to backup withholding rules. Dividends paid to
your account may be subject to withholding of up to 30%. You are an "Exempt
Foreign Person" if you are not (1) a citizen or resident of the U.S., or (2) a
U.S. corporation, partnership, estate, or trust. In the case of an individual,
an "Exempt Foreign Person" is one who has been physically present in the U.S.
for less than 31 days during the current calendar year. An individual who is
physically present in the U.S. for at least 31 days during the current calendar
year will still be treated as an "Exempt Foreign Person," provided that the
total number of days physically present in the current calendar year and the two
preceding calendar years does not exceed 183 days (counting all of the days in
the current calendar year, only one-third of the days in the first preceding
calendar year and only one-sixth of the days in the second preceding calendar
year). In addition, lawful permanent residents or green card holders may not be
treated as "Exempt Foreign Persons." If you are an individual or an entity, you
must not now be, or at this time expect to be, engaged in a U.S. trade or
business with respect to which any gain derived from transactions effected by
the Fund/Payer during the calendar year is effectively connected to the U.S. (or
your transactions are exempt from U.S. taxes under a tax treaty).
PERMANENT ADDRESS. The Shareholder Application must contain your permanent
address if you are an "Exempt Foreign Person." If you are an individual, provide
your permanent address. If you are a partnership or corporation, provide the
address of your principal office. If you are an estate or trust, provide the
address of your permanent residence or the principal office of any fiduciary.
NOTICE OF CHANGE IN STATUS. If you become a U.S. citizen or resident after you
have provided certification of your foreign status, or if you cease to be an
"Exempt Foreign Person," you must notify the Fund/Payer within 30 days of your
change in status. Reporting will then begin on the account(s) listed, and backup
withholding may also begin unless you certify to the Fund/Payer that (1) the
taxpayer identification number you have given is correct, and (2) the Internal
Revenue Service has not notified you that you are subject to backup withholding
because you failed to report certain interest or dividend income. You may use
Form W-9, "Payer's Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and
Certification," to make these certifications. If an account is no longer active,
you do not have to notify a Fund/Payer or broker of your change in status unless
you also have another account with the same Fund/Payer that is still active. If
you receive interest from more than one Fund/Payer or have dealings with more
than one broker or barter exchange, file a certificate with each. If you have
more than one account with the same Fund/Payer, the Fund/Payer may require you
to file a separate certificate for each account.
WHEN TO FILE. File these certifications with the Fund before a payment is made
to you, unless you have already done this in either of the two preceding
calendar years.
HOW OFTEN YOU MUST FILE. This certificate generally remains in effect for three
calendar years. A Fund/Payer or broker, however, may require that a new
certificate be filed each time a payment is made. On joint accounts for which
each joint owner is a foreign person, each must provide a certification of
foreign status.
<PAGE>
RESOLUTION SUPPORTING AUTHORITY OF
CORPORATE /ASSOCIATION SHAREHOLDER
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INSTRUCTION:
It will be necessary for corporate/association shareholders to provide a
certified copy of a resolution or other certificate of authority supporting the
authority of designated officers of the corporation/association to issue oral
and written instruction on behalf of the corporation/association for the
purchase, sale (redemption), transfer and/or exchange of Franklin Templeton Fund
shares. You may use the following form of resolution or you may prefer to use
your own.
CERTIFIED COPY OF RESOLUTION (Corporation or Association)
The undersigned hereby certifies and affirms that he/she is the duly elected
___________________of ___________________ Title Corporate Name a
______________________ organized under the laws of the State of
___________________ and that the following is a true and Type of Organization
State correct copy of a resolution adopted by the Board of Directors by
unanimous written consent (a copy of which is attached) or at a meeting duly
called and held on ________________________, 19 ___.
"RESOLVED, that__________________________________________________________
Name of Corporation/Association
(the "Company") is authorized to invest the Company's assets in one or
more investment companies (mutual funds) whose shares are distributed by
Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. ("Distributors"). Each such
investment company, or series thereof, is referred to as a "Franklin
Templeton Fund" or "Fund."
FURTHER RESOLVED, that any (enter number) ____________________of the
following officers of this Company (acting alone, if one, or acting
together, if more than one) is/are authorized to issue oral or written
instructions (including the signing of drafts in the case of draft accessed
money fund accounts) on behalf of the Company for the purchase, sale
(redemption), transfer and/or exchange of Fund shares and to execute any
Fund application(s) and agreements pertaining to Fund shares registered or
to be registered to the Company (referred to as a "Company Instruction");
and, that this authority shall continue until Franklin/Templeton Investor
Services, Inc. ("Investor Services") receives written notice of revocation
or amendment delivered by registered mail. The Company's officers authorized
to act on behalf of the Company under this resolution are (enter officer
titles
only):_____________________________________________________________________
(referred to as the "Authorized Officers").
FURTHER RESOLVED, that Investor Services may rely on the most recently
provided incumbency certificate delivered by the Company to Investor
Services to identify those individuals who are the incumbent Authorized
Officers and that Investor Services shall have no independent duty to
determine if there has been any change in the individuals serving as
incumbent Authorized Officers.
FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Company ("Indemnitor") undertakes and agrees to
indemnify and hold harmless Distributors, each affiliate of Distributors,
each Franklin Templeton Fund and their officers, employees and agents
(referred to hereafter collectively as the "Indemnitees") from and against
any and all liability, loss, suits, claims, costs, damages and expenses of
whatever amount and whatever nature (including without limitation reasonable
attorneys' fees, whether for consultation and advice or representation in
litigation at both the trial and appellate level) any indemnitee may sustain
or incur by reason of, in consequence of, or arising from or in connection
with any action taken or not taken by an Indemnitee in good faith reliance
on a Company Instruction given as authorized under this resolution."
The undersigned further certifies that the below named persons, whose signatures
appear opposite their names, are the incumbent Authorized Officers (as that term
is defined in the above resolution) who have been duly elected to the office
identified beside their name(s) (attach additional list if necessary).
X
Name/title (please print or type) Signature
X
Name/title (please print or type) Signature
X
Name/title (please print or type) Signature
X
Name/title (please print or type) Signature
Certified from minutes
X
Signature
Name/title (please print or type)
CORPORATE SEAL (if appropriate)
<PAGE>
This page intentionally left blank.
<PAGE>
This page intentionally left blank.
<PAGE>
This page intentionally left blank.
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP OF FUNDS
LITERATURE REQUEST E CALL 1-800/DIAL BEN (1-800/342-5236) today for a free
descriptive brochure and prospectus on any of the funds listed below. The
prospectus contains more complete information, including fees, charges and
expenses, and should be read carefully before investing or sending money.
<PAGE>
GLOBAL GROWTH
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Franklin Global Health Care Fund
Franklin Templeton Japan Fund
Templeton Developing Markets Trust
Templeton Foreign Fund
Templeton Foreign Smaller
Companies Fund
Templeton Global
Infrastructure Fund
Templeton Global
Opportunities Trust
Templeton Global Real Estate Fund
Templeton Global Smaller
Companies Fund
Templeton Greater European Fund
Templeton Growth Fund
Templeton Latin America Fund
Templeton Pacific Growth Fund
Templeton World Fund
GLOBAL GROWTH AND INCOME
Franklin Global Utilities Fund
Franklin Templeton German
Government Bond Fund
Franklin Templeton
Global Currency Fund
Mutual European Fund
Templeton Global Bond Fund
Templeton Growth and Income Fund
GLOBAL INCOME
Franklin Global Government
Income Fund
Franklin Templeton Hard
Currency Fund
Franklin Templeton High
Income Currency Fund
Templeton Americas
Government Securities Fund
GROWTH
Franklin Blue Chip Fund Franklin California Growth Fund Franklin DynaTech Fund
Franklin Equity Fund Franklin Gold Fund Franklin Growth Fund Franklin MidCap
Growth Fund Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund Mutual Discovery Fund
GROWTH AND INCOME
Franklin Asset Allocation Fund
Franklin Balance Sheet
Investment Fund Franklin Convertible Securities Fund Franklin Equity Income
Fund Franklin Income Fund Franklin MicroCap Value Fund Franklin Natural
Resources Fund Franklin Real Estate Securities Fund Franklin Rising Dividends
Fund Franklin Strategic Income Fund Franklin Utilities Fund Franklin Value Fund
Mutual Beacon Fund Mutual Qualified Fund Mutual Shares Fund Templeton American
Trust, Inc.
FUND ALLOCATOR SERIES
Franklin Templeton
Conservative Target Fund
Franklin Templeton
Moderate Target Fund
Franklin Templeton
Growth Target Fund
INCOME
Franklin Adjustable Rate
Securities Fund
Franklin Adjustable U.S.
Government Securities Fund
Franklin's AGE High Income Fund
Franklin Investment
Grade Income Fund
Franklin Short-Intermediate U.S.
Government Securities Fund
Franklin U.S. Government
Securities Fund
Franklin Money Fund
Franklin Federal Money Fund
FOR CORPORATIONS
Franklin Corporate Qualified
Dividend Fund
FRANKLIN FUNDS SEEKING
TAX-FREE INCOME
Federal Intermediate-Term
Tax-Free Income Fund
Federal Tax-Free Income Fund
High Yield Tax-Free Income Fund
Insured Tax-Free Income Fund
Puerto Rico Tax-Free Income Fund
Tax-Exempt Money Fund
FRANKLIN STATE-SPECIFIC FUNDS
SEEKING TAX-FREE INCOME
Alabama
Arizona*
Arkansas**
California*
Colorado
Connecticut
Florida*
Georgia
Hawaii**
Indiana
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts***
Michigan*
Minnesota***
Missouri
New Jersey
New York*
North Carolina
Ohio***
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Tennessee**
Texas
Virginia
Washington**
VARIABLE ANNUITIES+
Franklin Valuemark(R)
Franklin Templeton
Valuemark Income Plus
(an immediate annuity)
<PAGE>
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Two or more fund options available: long-term portfolio, intermediate-term
portfolio, a portfolio of insured municipal securities, and/or a high yield
portfolio (CA) and a money market portfolio (CA and NY). **The fund may invest
up to 100% of its assets in bonds that pay interest subject to the federal
alternative minimum tax.
***Portfolio of insured municipal securities.
+Franklin Valuemark and Franklin Templeton Valuemark Income Plus are issued by
Allianz Life Insurance Company of North America or by its wholly owned
subsidiary, Preferred Life Insurance Company of New York, and distributed by
NALAC Financial Plans, LLC.
FGF02/97 [PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER LOGO]
TL417 P 08/97
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON
JAPAN FUND
P.O. Box 33031
St. Petersburg, FL 33733-8031
--------------------------------
TL417 P 08/97 [PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER LOGO]
<PAGE>
ADVISOR CLASS PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS & APPLICATION
INVESTMENT STRATEGY: FRANKLIN
GLOBAL GROWTH
Templeton
Japan Fund
ADVISOR CLASS
--------------------------------------------------
AUGUST 1, 1997
LOGO
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This prospectus describes the Advisor Class shares of Franklin Templeton Japan
Fund (the "Fund"). It contains information you should know before investing in
the Fund. Please keep it for future reference.
THE FUND MAY BORROW MONEY FOR INVESTMENT PURPOSES (I.E. "LEVERAGE" ITS
PORTFOLIO), WHICH MAY INVOLVE GREATER RISK AND ADDITIONAL COSTS TO THE FUND. IN
ADDITION, THE FUND MAY INVEST UP TO 15% OF ITS ASSETS IN ILLIQUID SECURITIES,
INCLUDING UP TO 10% OF ITS ASSETS IN RESTRICTED SECURITIES, WHICH MAY INVOLVE
GREATER RISK AND INCREASED FUND EXPENSES. THERE ARE FURTHER RISKS ASSOCIATED
WITH THE FUND'S POLICY OF INVESTING PRIMARILY IN JAPANESE SECURITIES. SEE "WHAT
ARE THE FUND'S POTENTIAL RISKS?"
The Fund currently offers another class of shares with a different sales charge
and expense structure, which affects performance. This class is described in a
separate prospectus. For more information, contact your investment
representative or call 1-800/DIAL BEN.
The Fund has a Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") for its Advisor
Class, dated August 1, 1997, which may be amended from time to time. It includes
more information about the Fund's procedures and policies. It has been filed
with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. For a free
copy or a larger print version of this prospectus, call 1-800/DIAL BEN or write
the Fund at its address.
SHARES OF THE FUND ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF, OR GUARANTEED OR ENDORSED
BY, ANY BANK, AND ARE NOT FEDERALLY INSURED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE
CORPORATION, THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER AGENCY OF THE U.S.
GOVERNMENT. SHARES OF THE FUND INVOLVE INVESTMENT RISKS, INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE
LOSS OF PRINCIPAL.
LIKE ALL MUTUAL FUNDS, THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY
THE SEC OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SEC OR ANY STATE
SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON
JAPAN FUND
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFERING OF THE SECURITIES HEREIN DESCRIBED IN ANY
STATE, JURISDICTION OR COUNTRY IN WHICH THE OFFERING IS NOT AUTHORIZED. NO
SALES REPRESENTATIVE, DEALER, OR OTHER PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY
INFORMATION OR MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS. FURTHER INFORMATION MAY BE OBTAINED FROM DISTRIBUTORS.
FRANKLIN TABLE OF CONTENTS
TEMPLETON
JAPAN FUND -- ABOUT THE FUND
Advisor Class Expense
---------------- Summary........................... 2
Financial Highlights.............. 3
How Does the Fund Invest Its
Assets?.......................... 3
What Are the Fund's Potential
Risks?............................ 11
August 1, 1997 Who Manages the
When reading this Fund?............................. 16
prospectus, you How Does the Fund Measure
will see certain Performance?...................... 18
terms beginning How Taxation Affects the Fund and
with capital Its Shareholders.................. 18
letters. This means How Is the Fund Organized?........ 19
the term is
explained in our
glossary section.
ABOUT YOUR ACCOUNT
How Do I Buy Shares?.............. 20
May I Exchange Shares for Shares of
Another Fund?..................... 22
How Do I Sell Shares?............. 25
What Distributions Might I Receive
From the Fund?.................... 27
Transaction Procedures and Special
Requirements...................... 28
Services to Help You Manage Your
Account........................... 33
What If I Have Questions About My
Account?.......................... 35
GLOSSARY
Useful Terms and
Definitions...................... 36
700 Central Avenue
P.O. Box 33030
St. Petersburg, FL
33733-8030
1-800/DIAL BEN
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND EXPENSE SUMMARY
This table is designed to help you understand the costs of investing in the
Fund. It is based on the historical expenses of the Fund's Advisor Class, after
fee waivers and expense limitations, for the period from January 2, 1997
(commencement of sales) to March 31, 1997. The expenses are annualized. The
Fund's actual expenses may vary.
A. SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION EXPENSES(+)
MAXIMUM SALES CHARGE IMPOSED ON PURCHASES NONE
EXCHANGE FEE (PER TRANSACTION) $5.00*
B. ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES (AS A PERCENTAGE
OF AVERAGE NET ASSETS)
MANAGEMENT FEES (AFTER FEE WAIVER) 0.00%**
RULE 12B-1 FEES NONE
OTHER EXPENSES (AFTER FEE WAIVER AND EXPENSE
REIMBURSEMENT) 1.65%**
----
TOTAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES (AFTER FEE WAIVER
AND EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT) 1.65%**
C. EXAMPLE
Assume the annual return for the class s 5%, operating expenses are as
described above, and you sell your shares after the number of years shown. These
are the projected expenses for each $1,000 that you invest in the Fund.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ONE YEAR THREE YEARS FIVE YEARS TEN YEARS
---------------------- -------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
$ 17 $ 52 $ 90 $ 195
</TABLE>
This is just an example. It does not represent past or future expenses or
returns. Actual expenses and returns may be more or less than those shown. The
Fund pays its operating expenses. The effects of these expenses are reflected in
the Net Asset Value or dividends of the class and are not directly charged to
your account.
(+)IF YOUR TRANSACTION IS PROCESSED THROUGH YOUR SECURITIES DEALER, YOU MAY BE
CHARGED A FEE BY YOUR SECURITIES DEALER FOR THIS SERVICE.
*$5.00 FEE IS ONLY FOR MARKET TIMERS. WE PROCESS ALL OTHER EXCHANGES WITHOUT A
FEE.
**FOR THE PERIOD SHOWN, INVESTMENT COUNSEL AND FT SERVICES HAD AGREED IN ADVANCE
TO WAIVE THEIR RESPECTIVE MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION FEES AND TO MAKE CERTAIN
PAYMENTS TO REDUCE THE FUND'S EXPENSES. WITHOUT THIS REDUCTION, MANAGEMENT FEES
WOULD HAVE BEEN 0.75%, OTHER EXPENSES WOULD HAVE BEEN 2.73% AND TOTAL OPERATING
EXPENSES WOULD HAVE BEEN 3.48%. AFTER JULY 31, 1998, THIS ARRANGEMENT MAY END AT
ANY TIME UPON NOTICE TO THE BOARD.
<PAGE>
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
This table summarizes the financial history of the Fund's Advisor Class. The
information has been audited by McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, the Fund's independent
auditors. Their audit report covering the three months since the commencement of
sales of Advisor Class on January 2, 1997, appears in the financial statements
in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended March 31,
1997. The Annual Report to Shareholders also includes more information about the
Fund's performance. For a free copy, please call Fund Information.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ADVISOR CLASS SHARES
YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1997(1)
------------------------------------------------------ ------------
<S> <C>
PER SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE
(For a share outstanding throughout the period)
Net asset value, beginning of period $ 8.14
--------
Income from investment operations:
Net investment income .02
Net realized and unrealized loss (.72)
Total from investment operations (.70)
--------
Change in net asset value (.70)
--------
Net asset value, end of period $ 7.44
========
TOTAL RETURN(2) (8.60)%
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period (000) $ 55
Ratio of expenses to average net assets 3.48%(3)
Ratio of expenses, net of reimbursement, to average 1.65%(3)
net assets
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets .94%(3)
Portfolio turnover rate 23.43%
Average commission rate paid (per share) $ .0603
</TABLE>
(1)FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 2, 1997(COMMENCEMENT OF SALES) THROUGH MARCH 31, 1997.
(2)NOT ANNUALIZED FOR PERIODS OF LESS THAN ONE YEAR.
(3)ANNUALIZED.
HOW DOES THE FUND INVEST ITS ASSETS?
THE FUND'S INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The investment objective of the Fund is long-term capital growth, which it seeks
to achieve through investing its assets primarily in securities of companies
domiciled in Japan and traded in the Japanese securities markets. A company is
considered domiciled in Japan if it is organized under the laws of Japan, at
least half of its assets are located in Japan and it normally derives at least
half of its income from operations or sales in Japan, or if its principal
activities are in Japan. The Fund's investment objective and the investment
restrictions set forth under "Investment Restrictions" in the SAI are
fundamental and may not be changed without shareholder approval. All other
investment policies and practices described in this prospectus are not
fundamental and may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. Of
course, there can be no assurance that the Fund's investment objective will be
achieved.
TYPES OF SECURITIES IN WHICH THE FUND MAY INVEST
Under normal circumstances at least 80% of the Fund's assets will be invested in
equity securities of Japanese issuers. "Equity securities," as used in this
prospectus, refers to common stock, preferred stock, warrants or rights to
subscribe to or purchase such securities, and sponsored or unsponsored American
Depositary Receipts, European Depositary Receipts and Global Depositary
Receipts. See "Depositary Receipts" below. Securities considered for purchase by
the Fund may be listed or unlisted, and may be issued by companies in various
industries, with various levels of market capitalization.
Consistent with the Fund's objective of seeking long-term capital growth, the
Fund may purchase debt, as well as equity securities, issued by private and
governmental issuers and supranational organizations (such as the World Bank,
the European Investment Bank and the Asian Development Bank). Although the Fund
would not anticipate that its debt investments would achieve the same levels of
growth as its equity investments, nevertheless, such investments fluctuate in
value based upon changes in such factors as the general level of interest rates
and credit quality, and may be expected to offer attractive growth
opportunities. Additionally, convertible bonds offer the potential for capital
appreciation through the conversion feature, which enables the holder of the
bonds to benefit from increases in the market price of the securities into which
they are convertible.
The Fund may invest in debt securities (defined as bonds, notes, debentures,
commercial paper, time deposits, and bankers' acceptances, and which may include
structured investments) which are rated in any rating category by Moody's or S&P
or which are unrated by any rating agency. Such securities may include high
risk, lower quality debt securities, commonly referred to as "junk bonds." See
"What Are the Fund's Potential Risks? -- High-Risk Debt Securities." As an
operating policy, which may be changed by the Board, the Fund will not invest
more than 5% of its total assets in debt securities rated lower than Baa by
Moody's or BBB by S&P. Debt securities are subject to certain market and credit
risks. See "How Does the Fund Invest Its Assets -- Debt Securities" in the SAI
for descriptions of debt securities rated Baa by Moody's and BBB by S&P.
The Fund may invest in yen-denominated bonds sold in Japan by non-Japanese
issuers ("Samurai Bonds") and may invest in dollar-denominated bonds sold in the
U.S. by non-U.S. issuers ("Yankee Bonds"). As compared with bonds issued in
their countries of domicile, such bond issues normally carry a higher interest
rate but are less actively traded. Samurai Bonds and Yankee Bonds are subject to
the risks associated with other debt instruments and with securities of foreign
issuers, as described below and in the SAI.
Government securities in which the Fund may invest consist of debt securities
issued by the U.S. Treasury which are direct obligations of the U.S. government,
including bills (maturity of one year or less), notes (maturities of one to 10
years) and bonds (generally maturities of greater than 10 years), and debt
securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities
and federal agencies, including the Federal National Mortgage Association
("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Banks and the Federal Housing Administration.
Mortgage-backed U.S. government securities, such as FNMA certificates, are
highly sensitive to prepayment and interest rates. Prepayments on a pool of
mortgage loans are influenced by a variety of economic, geographic, social and
other factors. Generally, however, prepayments on fixed rate mortgage loans will
increase during a period of falling interest rates and decrease during a period
of rising interest rates. Accordingly, to the extent of the Fund's investment in
mortgage-backed securities, amounts available for reinvestment by the Fund are
likely to be greater during a period of declining interest rates and, as a
result, are likely to be reinvested at lower interest rates than during a period
of rising interest rates. The Fund may also invest in obligations issued or
guaranteed by a foreign government or any of its political subdivisions,
authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities which are rated in any category, as
described above, or which are unrated by any rating agency.
When Investment Counsel believes that unusual market conditions warrant, the
Fund may adopt a temporary defensive position and may invest up to 100% of its
total assets in the following money market securities, denominated in U.S.
dollars or in the currency of any foreign country, issued by entities organized
in the U.S. or any foreign country: debt obligations issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. government or the governments of foreign countries, their agencies or
instrumentalities; short-term time deposits with banks; repurchase agreements
with banks and broker-dealers with respect to U.S. government obligations; and
finance company and corporate commercial paper, and other short-term corporate
obligations, in each case rated Prime-1 by Moody's or A or better by S&P or, if
unrated, of comparable quality as determined by Investment Counsel. When deemed
appropriate by Investment Counsel, the Fund may invest cash balances in
repurchase agreements and other money market investments to maintain liquidity
in an amount to meet expenses or for day-to-day operating purposes.
The Fund invests for long-term growth of capital and does not emphasize
short-term trading profits. Accordingly, the Fund expects to have an annual
portfolio turnover rate not exceeding 50%.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. The Fund may purchase sponsored or unsponsored American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs") and Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") (collectively, "depositary receipts"). ADRs are
depositary receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company which
evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation.
EDRs and GDRs are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although
they also may be issued by U.S. banks or trust companies, and evidence ownership
of underlying securities issued by either a foreign or a U.S. corporation.
Generally, depositary receipts in registered form are designed for use in the
U.S. securities market and depositary receipts in bearer form are designed for
use in securities markets outside the U.S. Depositary receipts may not
necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities
into which they may be converted. Depositary receipts may be issued pursuant to
sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made
arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of depositary receipts.
In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation
of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and
unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to
obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the
creation of a sponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information
available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and
there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of
the depositary receipts. Depositary receipts also involve the risks of other
investments in foreign securities, as discussed below. For purposes of the
Fund's investment policies, the Fund's investments in depositary receipts will
be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities.
OTHER INVESTMENT POLICIES OF THE FUND
The Fund is also authorized to use the various securities and investment
techniques described below. Although these strategies are regularly used by some
investment companies and other institutional investors in various markets, some
of these strategies cannot at the present time be used to a significant extent
by the Fund in some of the markets in which the Fund will invest and may not be
available for extensive use in the future.
BORROWING. The Fund may borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets
from banks to increase its holdings of portfolio securities. Under the 1940 Act,
the Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage of 300% with respect
to such borrowings and to sell (within three days) sufficient portfolio holdings
to restore such coverage if it should decline to less than 300% due to market
fluctuations or otherwise, even if such liquidations of the Fund's holdings may
be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint. Leveraging by means of
borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of
portfolio securities on the Fund's Net Asset Value, and money borrowed will be
subject to interest and other costs (which may include commitment fees and/or
the cost of maintaining minimum average balances) which may or may not exceed
the income received from the securities purchased with borrowed funds.
LOANS OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. The Fund may lend to broker-dealers portfolio
securities with an aggregate market value of up to one-third of its total assets
to generate income for the purpose of offsetting operating expenses. Such loans
must be secured by collateral (consisting of any combination of cash, U.S.
government securities or irrevocable letters of credit) in an amount at least
equal (on a daily marked-to-market basis) to the current market value of the
securities loaned. The Fund may terminate the loans at any time and obtain the
return of the securities loaned within five business days. The Fund will
continue to receive any interest or dividends paid on the loaned securities and
will continue to retain any voting rights with respect to the securities. In the
event that the borrower defaults on its obligation to return borrowed
securities, because of insolvency or otherwise, the Fund could experience delays
and costs in gaining access to the collateral and could suffer a loss to the
extent that the value of the collateral falls below the market value of the
borrowed securities.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. For temporary defensive purposes and for cash management
purposes, the Fund may, without limit, enter into repurchase agreements with
U.S. banks and broker-dealers. Under a repurchase agreement, the Fund acquires a
security from a U.S. bank or a registered broker-dealer and simultaneously
agrees to resell the security back to the bank or broker-dealer at a specified
time and price. The repurchase price is in excess of the purchase price by an
amount which reflects an agreed-upon rate of return, which is not tied to the
coupon rate on the underlying security. Under the 1940 Act, repurchase
agreements are considered to be loans collateralized by the underlying security
and therefore will be fully collateralized. However, if the seller should
default on its obligation to repurchase the underlying security, the Fund may
experience delay or difficulty in exercising its rights to realize upon the
security and might incur a loss if the value of the security declines, as well
as incur disposition costs in liquidating the security.
ILLIQUID AND RESTRICTED SECURITIES. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its total
assets in illiquid securities, for which there is a limited trading market and
for which a low trading volume of a particular security may result in abrupt and
erratic price movements. The Fund may be unable to dispose of its holdings in
illiquid securities at then-current market prices and may have to dispose of
such securities over extended periods of time. The Fund may also invest in
securities that are sold (i) in private placement transactions between their
issuers and their purchasers and that are neither listed on an exchange nor
traded over-the-counter, or (ii) in transactions between qualified institutional
buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Such restricted securities are
subject to contractual or legal restrictions on subsequent transfer. As a result
of the absence of a public trading market, such restricted securities may in
turn be less liquid and more difficult to value than publicly traded securities.
Although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions,
the prices realized from the sales could, due to illiquidity, be less than those
originally paid by the Fund or less than their fair value. In addition, issuers
whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure
and other investor protection requirements that may be applicable if their
securities were publicly traded. If any privately placed or Rule 144A securities
held by the Fund are required to be registered under the securities laws of one
or more jurisdictions before being resold, the Fund may be required to bear the
expenses of registration. The Fund will limit its investment in restricted
securities other than Rule 144A securities to 10% of its total assets, and will
limit its investment in all restricted securities, including Rule 144A
securities, to 15% of its total assets. Restricted securities, other than Rule
144A securities determined by the Board to be liquid, are considered to be
illiquid and are subject to the Fund's limitation on investment in illiquid
securities.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES OR INDICES. To increase its return or to hedge all or a
portion of its portfolio investments, the Fund may write (i.e., sell) covered
put and call options and purchase put and call options on securities or
securities indices that are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges or in the
over-the-counter markets. An option on a security is a contract that permits the
purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy a
specified security (in the case of a call option) or to sell a specified
security (in the case of a put option) from or to the writer of the option at a
designated price during the term of the option. An option on a securities index
permits the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right
to receive from the seller cash equal to the difference between the closing
price of the index and the exercise price of the option. The Fund may write a
call or put option only if the option is "covered." This means that so long as
the Fund is obligated as the writer of a call option, it will own the underlying
securities subject to the call, or hold a call at the same or lower exercise
price, for the same exercise period, and on the same securities as the written
call. A put is covered if the Fund maintains liquid assets with a value equal to
the exercise price in a segregated account, or holds a put on the same
underlying securities at an equal or greater exercise price. The value of the
underlying securities on which options may be written at any one time will not
exceed 15% of the total assets of the Fund. The Fund will not purchase put or
call options if the aggregate premium paid for such options would exceed 5% of
its total assets at the time of purchase.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY CONTRACTS AND OPTIONS ON FOREIGN CURRENCIES. The Fund
may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts ("forward contracts")
to attempt to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in the
relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. A forward contract
is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency for an agreed price at
a future date which is individually negotiated and privately traded by currency
traders and their customers.
The Fund will enter into forward contracts only under two circumstances. First,
when the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security
denominated in a foreign currency, it may desire to "lock in" the U.S. dollar
price of the security in relation to another currency by entering into a forward
contract to buy the amount of foreign currency needed to settle the transaction.
Second, when Investment Counsel believes that the currency of a particular
foreign country may suffer or enjoy a substantial movement against another
currency, it may enter into a forward contract to sell or buy the amount of the
former foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of the Fund's
portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. The second investment
practice is generally referred to as "cross-hedging." The Fund has no specific
limitation on the percentage of assets it may commit to forward contracts,
subject to its stated investment objective and policies, except that the Fund
will not enter into a forward contract if the amount of assets set aside to
cover forward contracts would impede portfolio management or the Fund's ability
to meet redemption requests. Although forward contracts will be used primarily
to protect the Fund from adverse currency movements, they also involve the risk
that anticipated currency movements will not be accurately predicted.
The Fund may purchase put and call options and write covered put and call
options on foreign currencies for the purpose of protecting against declines in
the U.S. dollar value of foreign currency-denominated portfolio securities and
against increases in the U.S. dollar cost of such securities to be acquired. As
in the case of other kinds of options, however, the writing of an option on a
foreign currency constitutes only a partial hedge, up to the amount of the
premium received, and the Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign
currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The
purchase of an option on a foreign currency may constitute an effective hedge
against fluctuations in exchange rates although, in the event of rate movements
adverse to the Fund's position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the
premium plus related transaction costs. Options on foreign currencies to be
written or purchased by the Fund are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges or
over-the-counter.
FUTURES CONTRACTS. For hedging purposes only, the Fund may buy and sell
financial futures contracts, stock and bond index futures contracts, foreign
currency futures contracts and options on any of the foregoing. A financial
futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell a specified
debt security at a set price on a future date. An index futures contract is an
agreement to take or make delivery of an amount of cash based on the difference
between the value of the index at the beginning and at the end of the contract
period. A futures contract on a foreign currency is an agreement to buy or sell
a specified amount of a currency for a set price on a future date.
When the Fund enters into a futures contract, it must make an initial deposit,
known as "initial margin," as a partial guarantee of its performance under the
contract. As the value of the security, index or currency fluctuates, either
party to the contract is required to make additional margin payments, known as
"variation margin," to cover any additional obligation it may have under the
contract. In addition, when the Fund enters into a futures contract, it will
segregate assets or "cover" its position in accordance with the 1940 Act. See
"How Does the Fund Invest Its Assets -- Futures Contracts" in the SAI. With
respect to positions in futures and related options that do not constitute "bona
fide hedging" positions, the Fund will not enter into a futures contract or
related option contract if, immediately thereafter, the aggregate initial margin
deposits relating to such positions plus premiums paid by it for open futures
option positions, less the amount by which any such options are "in-the-money,"
would exceed 5% of the Fund's total assets.
WHAT ARE THE FUND'S POTENTIAL RISKS?
All investments involve risk and there can be no guarantee against loss
resulting from an investment in the Fund, nor can there be any assurance that
the Fund's investment objective will be attained. As with any investment in
securities, the value of, and income from, an investment in the Fund can
decrease as well as increase, depending on a variety of factors which may affect
the values and income generated by the Fund's portfolio securities, including
general economic conditions and market factors. In addition to the factors which
affect the value of individual securities, you may anticipate that the value of
Fund shares will fluctuate with movements in the broader equity and bond
markets. A decline in the stock market of any country in which the Fund is
invested may also be reflected in declines in the price of the shares of the
Fund. History reflects both decreases and increases in worldwide stock markets
and currency valuations, and these may recur unpredictably in the future.
INVESTMENT IN JAPANESE ISSUERS. Because the Fund will, under normal conditions,
invest at least 80% of its assets in equity securities of Japanese issuers, the
Fund's performance is expected to be closely tied to economic and political
conditions in Japan, and its performance is expected to be more volatile than
more geographically diversified funds. Changes in regulatory, tax or economic
policy in Japan could significantly affect the Japanese securities markets and
therefore the Fund's performance.
Japan's economic growth has declined significantly since 1990. The general
government position has deteriorated as a result of weakening economic growth
and stimulative measures taken to support economic activity and to restore
financial stability. Although the decline in interest rates and fiscal
stimulation packages have helped to contain recessionary forces, uncertainties
remain. Japan is also heavily dependent upon international trade, so its economy
is especially sensitive to trade barriers and disputes. In addition, Japan's
banking industry is undergoing problems related to bad loans and declining
values in real estate.
The common stocks of many Japanese companies trade at high price-earnings
ratios. Differences in accounting methods make it difficult to compare the
earnings of Japanese companies with those of companies in other countries,
especially the U.S. In general, however, reported net income in Japan is
understated relative to U.S. accounting standards and this is one reason why
price-earnings ratios of the stocks of Japanese companies have tended
historically to be higher than those for U.S. stocks. In addition, Japanese
companies have tended historically to have higher growth rates than U.S.
companies and Japanese interest rates have generally been lower than in the
U.S., both of which factors tend to result in lower discount rates and higher
price-earnings ratios in Japan than in the U.S.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS. Up to 20% of the Fund's total assets may be invested in
securities of non-Japanese issuers, including issuers in developing countries.
You should consider carefully the substantial risks involved in investing in
securities issued by companies and governments of foreign nations, including
Japan, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic
investments. These risks are often heightened for investments in developing
markets, including certain Eastern European countries. See "What Are the Fund's
Potential Risks?" in the SAI. There is the possibility of expropriation,
nationalization or confiscatory taxation, taxation of income earned in foreign
nations (including, for example, withholding taxes on interest and dividends) or
other taxes imposed with respect to investments in foreign nations, foreign
exchange controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer
currency from a given country), foreign investment controls on daily stock
market movements, default in foreign government securities, political or social
instability or diplomatic developments which could affect investment in
securities of issuers in foreign nations. Some countries may withhold portions
of interest and dividends at the source. In addition, in many countries there is
less publicly available information about issuers than is available in reports
about companies in the U.S. Foreign companies are not generally subject to
uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, and auditing
practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to U.S.
companies. Further, the Fund may encounter difficulties or be unable to vote
proxies, exercise shareholder rights, pursue legal remedies, and obtain
judgments in foreign courts.
Brokerage commissions, custodial services and other costs relating to investment
in foreign countries are generally more expensive than in the U.S. Brokerage
commissions in Japan are fixed. See "How Does the Fund Buy Securities for Its
Portfolio?" in the SAI. Foreign securities markets also have different clearance
and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when
settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities
transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in
settlement could result in temporary periods when assets of the Fund are
uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of the Fund to make
intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to
miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio
securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund
due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio security or, if the Fund
has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible
liability to the purchaser.
In many foreign countries there is less government supervision and regulation of
business and industry practices, stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies
than in the U.S. There is an increased risk, therefore, of uninsured loss due to
lost, stolen, or counterfeit stock certificates. In addition, the foreign
securities markets of many of the countries in which the Fund may invest may
also be smaller, less liquid, and subject to greater price volatility than those
in the U.S. As an open-end investment company, the Fund is limited in the extent
to which it may invest in illiquid securities. See "What Are the Fund's
Potential Risks?" in the SAI. The Tokyo Stock Exchange, however, has a large
volume of trading and Investment Counsel believes that securities of companies
traded in Japan are generally as liquid as securities of comparable U.S.
companies.
Prior governmental approval of foreign investments may be required under certain
circumstances in some developing countries, and the extent of foreign investment
in domestic companies may be subject to limitation in other developing
countries. Foreign ownership limitations also may be imposed by the charters of
individual companies in developing countries to prevent, among other concerns,
violation of foreign investment limitations.
Repatriation of investment income, capital and proceeds of sales by foreign
investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some
developing countries. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in or a
refusal to grant any required governmental registration or approval for such
repatriation.
Further, the economies of developing countries generally are heavily dependent
upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be
adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in
relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated
by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may
continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with
which they trade.
As a non-fundamental policy, the Fund will limit its investment in Russian
securities to 5% of its total assets. Russian securities involve additional
significant risks, including political and social uncertainty (for example,
regional conflicts and risk of war), currency exchange rate volatility,
pervasiveness of corruption and crime in the Russian economic system, delays in
settling portfolio transactions and risk of loss arising out of Russia's system
of share registration and custody. For more information on these risks and other
risks associated with Russian securities, please see "What Are the Fund's
Potential Risks?" in the SAI.
EMERGING GROWTH COMPANIES. The Fund has established no criteria regarding the
minimum market capitalization of the companies in which it may invest. While
they may offer greater opportunities for capital appreciation than larger, more
established companies, investments in smaller, emerging growth companies may
involve greater risks and thus may be considered speculative. For example, small
companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial and management
resources. In addition, many small emerging growth company stocks trade less
frequently and in smaller volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic
price movements, than stocks of large companies. The securities of small
emerging growth companies may also be more sensitive to market changes than the
securities of large companies.
HIGH-RISK DEBT SECURITIES. Although the Fund's current investment policy is that
it will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in debt securities rated
lower than BBB by S&P or Baa by Moody's, the Board may consider a change in this
operating policy if, in its judgment, economic conditions change such that a
higher level of investment in high-risk, lower quality debt securities would be
consistent with the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. High-risk, lower
quality debt securities, commonly referred to as "junk bonds," are regarded, on
balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to
pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation
and may be in default. Unrated debt securities are not necessarily of lower
quality than rated securities, but they may not be attractive to as many buyers.
Regardless of rating levels, all debt securities considered for purchase
(whether rated or unrated) will be carefully analyzed by Investment Counsel to
insure, to the extent possible, that the planned investment is sound. The Fund
may, from time to time, invest up to 5% of its total assets in defaulted debt
securities if, in the opinion of Investment Counsel, the issuer may resume
interest payments in the near future.
LEVERAGE. Leveraging by means of borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any
increase or decrease in the value of portfolio securities on the Fund's Net
Asset Value, and money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs
(which may include commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum
average balances) which may or may not exceed the income received from the
securities purchased with borrowed funds.
FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS. Option and foreign currency exchange
transactions and future contracts are commonly referred to as derivative
instruments. Successful use of futures contracts and related options is subject
to special risk considerations. A liquid secondary market for any futures or
options contract may not be available when a futures or options position is
sought to be closed. In addition, there may be an imperfect correlation between
movements in the securities or foreign currency on which the futures or options
contract is based and movements in the securities or currency in the Fund's
portfolio. Successful use of futures or options contracts is further dependent
on Investment Counsel's ability to correctly predict movements in the securities
or foreign currency markets, and no assurance can be given that its judgment
will be correct. Successful use of options on securities or securities indices
is subject to similar risk considerations. The Fund has the authority to
purchase over-the-counter options, which are generally less liquid than exchange
traded options. In addition, by writing covered call options, the Fund gives up
the opportunity, while the option is in effect, to profit from any price
increase in the underlying security above the option exercise price.
There are further risk factors, including possible losses through the holding of
securities in domestic and foreign custodian banks and depositories, described
elsewhere in the prospectus and in the SAI.
WHO MANAGES THE FUND?
THE BOARD. The Board oversees the management of the Fund and elects its
officers. The officers are responsible for the Fund's day-to-day operations. The
Board also monitors the Fund to ensure no material conflicts exist between the
Fund's classes of shares. While none is expected, the Board will act
appropriately to resolve any material conflict that may arise.
INVESTMENT MANAGER. Investment Counsel manages the Fund's assets and makes its
investment decisions. Investment Counsel also performs similar services for
other funds. It is wholly owned by Resources, a publicly owned company engaged
in the financial services industry through its subsidiaries. Charles B. Johnson
and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are the principal shareholders of Resources.
Together, Investment Counsel and its affiliates manage over $199 billion in
assets. The Templeton organization has been investing globally since 1940.
Investment Counsel and its affiliates have offices in Argentina, Australia,
Bahamas, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Korea,
Luxembourg, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Taiwan, United Kingdom,
U.S. and Vietnam. Please see "Investment Management and Other Services" and
"Miscellaneous Information" in the SAI for information on securities
transactions and a summary of the Fund's Code of Ethics.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT. The lead portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception
is William T. Howard, Jr. Mr. Howard is a senior vice president of Investment
Counsel. He holds a BA in international studies from Rhodes College and an MBA
in finance from Emory University. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst and a
member of the Financial Analysts Society. Before joining the Templeton
organization in 1993, Mr. Howard was a portfolio manager and analyst with the
Tennessee Consolidated Retirement System in Nashville, Tennessee, where he was
responsible for research and management of the international equity portfolio,
and specialized in the Japanese equity market. As a portfolio manager and
research analyst with Templeton, Mr. Howard's research responsibilities include
the shipping, engineering and U.S. forest products and paper industries. He is
also responsible for country coverage of Japan and New Zealand.
Gary P. Motyl and Gary R. Clemons exercise secondary portfolio management
responsibilities for the Fund. Mr. Motyl is an executive vice president of
Investment Counsel. He holds a BS in finance from Lehigh University and an MBA
in finance from Pace University. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst. Prior to
joining the Templeton organization in 1981, Mr. Motyl worked from 1974 to 1979
as a security analyst with S&P, and as a research analyst and portfolio manager
from 1979 to 1981 with Landmark First Mortgage Bank, where he had responsibility
for equity research and managed several pension and profit sharing plans. His
research responsibilities with Templeton include the automobile industry, the
U.S. utility industry and country coverage of Germany. Mr. Clemons is a senior
vice president of Investment Counsel. He holds a BS from the University of
Nevada -- Reno and an MBA with emphases in finance and investment banking from
the University of Wisconsin -- Madison. He joined Investment Counsel in 1993.
Prior to that time he was a research analyst at Templeton Quantitative Advisors,
Inc. in New York, where he was also responsible for management of a small
capitalization fund. As a portfolio manager and research analyst with Templeton,
Mr. Clemons has responsibility for the telecommunications industry and country
coverage of Colombia, Peru, Norway, and Sweden.
MANAGEMENT FEES. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, management fees,
before any advance waiver, totaled 0.75% of the average daily net assets of the
Fund. Total operating expenses of the class, before any advance waiver, were
3.48%. Under an agreement by Investment Counsel to waive its fees, the Fund paid
no (0.00%) management fees and the class paid total operating expenses of 1.65%.
After July 31, 1998, this agreement may end at any time upon notice to the
Board.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS. Investment Counsel tries to obtain the best execution on
all transactions. If Investment Counsel believes more than one broker or dealer
can provide the best execution, it may consider research and related services
and the sale of Fund shares, as well as shares of other funds in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds, when selecting a broker or dealer. Please see "How
Does the Fund Buy Securities for Its Portfolio?" in the SAI for more
information.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES. Since October 1, 1996, FT Services has provided certain
administrative services and facilities for the Fund. Prior to that date,
Templeton Global Investors, Inc. provided the same services to the Fund. During
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, administration fees, before any advance
waiver, totaled 0.15% of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Under an
agreement by the administrators to waive their fees, the Fund paid no (0.00%)
administration fees. Please see "Investment Management and Other Services" in
the SAI for more information.
HOW DOES THE FUND MEASURE PERFORMANCE?
From time to time, the Advisor Class of the Fund advertises its performance. The
more commonly used measure of performance is total return.
Total return is the change in value of an investment over a given period. It
assumes any dividends and capital gains are reinvested.
The investment results of the Advisor Class will vary. Performance figures are
always based on past performance and do not guarantee future results. For a more
detailed description of how the Fund calculates its performance figures, please
see "How Does the Fund Measure Performance?" in the SAI.
HOW TAXATION AFFECTS THE FUND AND ITS SHAREHOLDERS
FEDERAL TAX INFORMATION
The following discussion reflects some of the tax considerations that affect
mutual funds and their shareholders. For more information on tax matters
relating to the Fund and its shareholders, see "Additional Information on
Distributions and Taxes" in the SAI.
The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a regulated
investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. A regulated investment
company generally is not subject to Federal income tax on income and gains
distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders. The Fund intends to
distribute to shareholders substantially all of its net investment income and
net realized capital gains, which generally will be taxable income or capital
gains in their hands. Distributions declared in October, November or December to
shareholders of record on a date in such month and paid during the following
January will be treated as having been received by shareholders on December 31
in the year such distributions were declared. The Fund will inform shareholders
each year of the amount and nature of such income or gains. Sales or other
dispositions of Fund shares generally will give rise to taxable gain or loss.
JAPAN TAXES
Pursuant to the tax convention between the U.S. and Japan (the "Convention"), a
Japanese withholding tax at the maximum rate of 15% is, with certain exceptions,
imposed upon dividends paid by Japanese corporations to the Fund. Pursuant to
the present terms of the Convention, interest received by the Fund from sources
within Japan is subject to a Japanese withholding tax at a maximum rate of 10%.
Capital gains of the Fund arising from its investments as described herein are
not taxable in Japan.
Generally, the Fund will be subject to the Japan securities transaction tax on
its sale of certain securities in Japan. The current rates of such tax range
from 0.03% to 0.30% depending upon the particular type of securities involved.
Transactions involving equity securities are currently taxed at the highest
rate.
HOW IS THE FUND ORGANIZED?
The Fund is a diversified open-end management investment company, commonly
called a mutual fund. It was organized as a Delaware business trust on
October 29, 1991, and is registered with the SEC. As of January 2, 1997,
the Fund began offering a new class of shares designated Franklin Templeton
Japan Fund -- Advisor Class. All shares outstanding before the offering of
Advisor Class shares have been designated Franklin Templeton Japan Fund --
Class I. Additional classes of shares may be offered in the future.
Shares of each class represent proportionate interests in the assets of the Fund
and have the same voting and other rights and preferences as any other class of
the Fund for matters that affect the Fund as a whole. For matters that only
affect one class, however, only shareholders of that class may vote. Each class
will vote separately on matters affecting only that class, or expressly required
to be voted on separately by state or federal law.
The Fund has noncumulative voting rights. This gives holders of more than 50% of
the shares voting the ability to elect all of the members of the Board. If this
happens, holders of the remaining shares voting will not be able to elect anyone
to the Board.
The Fund does not intend to hold annual shareholder meetings. It may hold
special meetings, however, for matters requiring shareholder approval. A meeting
may also be called by the Board in its discretion or for the purpose of
considering the removal of a Board member if requested in writing to do so by
shareholders holding at least 10% of the outstanding shares. In certain
circumstances, we are required to help you communicate with other shareholders
about the removal of a Board member.
As of July 2, 1997, Resources owned of record and beneficially more than 25% of
the outstanding Advisor Class shares of the Fund.
ABOUT YOUR ACCOUNT
HOW DO I BUY SHARES?
OPENING YOUR ACCOUNT
Shares of the Fund may be purchased without a sales charge. To open your
account, contact your investment representative or complete and sign the
enclosed shareholder application and return it to the Fund with your check.
MINIMUM
INVESTMENTS*
- ------------------------------------------------- ----------------
To Open Your Account..................... $5,000,000
To Add to Your Account................... $ 25
*We waive or lower these minimums for certain investors listed below. We may
also refuse any order to buy shares.
To determine if you meet the minimum investment requirement, the amount of your
current purchase is added to the cost or current value, whichever is higher, of
your existing shares in the Franklin Templeton Funds. At least $1 million of
this amount, however, must be invested in Advisor Class or Class Z shares of any
of the Franklin Templeton Funds.
The Fund's minimum initial investment requirement will not apply to purchases
by:
1. Broker-dealers, registered investment advisors or certified financial
planners who have entered into an agreement with Distributors for clients
participating in comprehensive fee programs
2. Qualified registered investment advisors or certified financial planners
who have clients invested in the Franklin Mutual Series Fund Inc. on
October 31, 1996, or who buy through a broker-dealer or service agent who
has entered into an agreement with Distributors
3. Officers, trustees, directors and full-time employees of the Franklin
Templeton Funds or the Franklin Templeton Group and their immediate family
members, subject to a $100 minimum investment requirement
4. Accounts managed by the Franklin Templeton Group
5. The Franklin Templeton Profit Sharing 401(k) Plan
6. Each series of the Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series, subject to a
$1,000 minimum initial and subsequent investment requirement
7. Employer stock, bonus, pension or profit sharing plans that meet the
requirements for qualification under Section 401 of the Code, including
salary reduction plans qualified under Section 401(k) of the Code, and that
(i) are sponsored by an employer with at least 5,000 employees, or (ii)
have plan assets of $50 million or more
8. Trust companies and bank trust departments initially investing in the
Franklin Templeton Funds at least $1 million of assets held in a fiduciary,
agency, advisory, custodial or similar capacity and over which the trust
companies and bank trust departments or other plan fiduciaries or
participants, in the case of certain retirement plans, have full or shared
investment discretion
9. Defined benefit plans or governments, municipalities, and tax-exempt
entities that meet the requirements for qualification under Section 501 of
the Code, subject to a $1 million initial investment in Advisor Class
shares
10. Any other investor, including a private investment vehicle such as a family
trust or foundation, who is a member of a qualified group, if the group as
a whole meets the $5 million minimum investment requirement. A qualified
group is one that:
o Was formed at least six months ago
o Has a purpose other than buying Fund shares at a discount,
o Has more than 10 members,
o Can arrange for meetings between our representatives and group members,
o Agrees to include Franklin Templeton Fund sales and other materials in
publications and mailings to its members a reduced or no cost to
Distributors,
o Agrees to arrange for payroll deduction or other bulk transmission of
investments to the Fund, and
o Meets other uniform criteria that allow Distributors to achieve cost
savings in distributing shares.
HOW DO I BUY SHARES IN CONNECTION WITH RETIREMENT PLANS?
Your individual or employer-sponsored retirement plan may invest in the Fund.
Plan documents are required for all retirement plans. Trust Company can provide
the plan documents for you and serve as custodian or trustee.
Trust Company can provide you with brochures containing important information
about its plans. To establish a Trust Company retirement plan, you will need an
application other than the one included in this prospectus. For a retirement
plan brochure or application, call Retirement Plan Services.
Please consult your legal, tax or retirement plan specialist before choosing a
retirement plan. Your investment representative or advisor can help you make
investment decisions within your plan.
PAYMENTS TO SECURITIES DEALERS
Securities Dealers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of Advisor
Class shares may receive up to 0.25% of the amount invested. The payment is
subject to the sole discretion of Distributors, and is paid by Distributors or
one of its affiliates and not by the Fund or its shareholders.
For information on additional compensation payable to Securities Dealers in
connection with the sale of Fund shares, please see "How Do I Buy, Sell and
Exchange Shares? -- Other Payments to Securities Dealers" in the SAI.
MAY I EXCHANGE SHARES FOR SHARES OF ANOTHER FUND?
We offer a wide variety of funds. If you would like, you can move your
investment from your Fund account to an existing or new account in another
Franklin Templeton Fund (an "exchange"). Because it is technically a sale and a
purchase of shares, an exchange is a taxable transaction.
Before making an exchange, please read the prospectus of the fund you are
interested in. This will help you learn about the fund, its investment objective
and policies, and its rules and requirements for exchanges. For example, some
Franklin Templeton Funds do not accept exchanges and some do not offer Advisor
Class shares.
METHOD STEPS TO FOLLOW
- -------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
BY MAIL 1. Send us written instructions signed by
all account owners
2. Include any outstanding share certificates
for the shares you want to exchange
- -------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
BY PHONE Call Shareholder Services
If you do not want the ability to
exchange by phone to apply to your
account, please let us know.
- -------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
THROUGH YOUR DEALER Call your investment representative
- -------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
Please refer to "Transaction Procedures and Special Requirements" for other
important information on how to exchange shares.
EXCHANGE RESTRICTIONS
Please be aware that the following restrictions apply to exchanges:
o You may only exchange shares within the SAME CLASS, except as noted below.
o The accounts must be identically registered. You may, however, exchange shares
from a Fund account requiring two or more signatures into an identically
registered money fund account requiring only one signature for all transactions.
PLEASE NOTIFY US IN WRITING IF YOU DO NOT WANT THIS OPTION TO BE AVAILABLE ON
YOUR ACCOUNT. Additional procedures may apply. Please see "Transaction
Procedures and Special Requirements."
o Trust Company IRA or 403(b) retirement plan accounts may exchange shares as
described above. Restrictions may apply to other types of retirement plans.
Please contact Retirement Plan Services for information on exchanges within
these plans.
o The fund you are exchanging into must be eligible for sale in your state.
o We may modify or discontinue our exchange policy if we give you 60 days'
written notice.
o Your exchange may be restricted or refused if you have: (i) requested an
exchange out of the Fund within two weeks of an earlier exchange request,
(ii) exchanged shares out of the Fund more than twice in a calendar quarter,
or (iii) exchanged shares equal to at least $5 million, or more than 1% of
the Fund's net assets. Shares under common ownership or control are combined
for these limits. If you have exchanged shares as described in this
paragraph, you will be considered a Market Timer. Each exchange by a Market
Timer, if accepted, will be charged $5.00. Some of our funds do not allow
investments by Market Timers.
Because excessive trading can hurt Fund performance, operations and
shareholders, we may refuse any exchange purchase if (i) we believe the Fund
would be harmed or unable to invest effectively, or (ii) the Fund receives or
anticipates simultaneous orders that may significantly affect the Fund.
LIMITED EXCHANGES BETWEEN DIFFERENT CLASSES OF SHARES
If you want to exchange into a fund that does not currently offer an Advisor
Class, you may exchange your Advisor Class shares for Class I shares of that
fund at Net Asset Value. If you do not qualify to buy Advisor Class shares of
Templeton Developing Markets Trust, Templeton Foreign Fund or Templeton Growth
Fund, you may exchange the Advisor Class shares you own for Class I shares of
those funds or of Templeton Institutional Funds, Inc. at Net Asset Value. If you
do so and you later decide you would like to exchange into a fund that offers an
Advisor Class, you may exchange your Class I shares for Advisor Class shares of
that fund. You may also exchange your Advisor Class shares for Class Z shares of
Franklin Mutual Series Fund Inc.
HOW DO I SELL SHARES?
You may sell (redeem) your shares at any time.
METHOD STEPS TO FOLLOW
- ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
BY MAIL 1. Send us written instructions
signed by all account owners. If you would
like your redemption proceeds wired to a
bank account, your instructions should
include:
o The name, address and telephone number of
the bank where you want the proceeds sent
o Your bank account number
o The Federal Reserve ABA routing number
o If you are using a savings and loan or
credit union, the name of the corresponding
bank and the account number
2. Include any outstanding share certificates
for the shares you are selling
3. Provide a signature guarantee if required
4. Corporate, partnership and trust accounts
may need to send additional documents.
Accounts under court jurisdiction may have1
other requirements.
- ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
BY PHONE Call Shareholder Services. If you would like
your redemption proceeds wired to a bank
account, other than an escrow account, you
must first sign up for the wire feature. To
sign up, send us written instructions, with a
signature guarantee. To avoid any delay in
processing, the instructions should include
the items listed in "By Mail" above.
Telephone requests will be accepted:
o If the request is $50,000 or less.
Institutional accounts may exceed $50,000 by
completing a separate agreement. Call
Institutional Services to receive a copy.
o If there are no share certificates issued
for the shares you want to sell or you
have already returned them to the Fund
o Unless you are selling shares in a Trust
Company retirement plan account
o Unless the address on your account was
changed by phone within the last 15 days
If you do not want the ability to
redeem by phone to apply to your account,
please let us know.
- ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
THROUGH YOUR DEALER Call your investment representative
- ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
We will send your redemption check within seven days after we receive your
request in proper form. If you would like the check sent to an address other
than the address of record or made payable to someone other than the registered
owners on the account, send us written instructions signed by all account
owners, with a signature guarantee. We are not able to receive or pay out cash
in the form of currency.
The wiring of redemption proceeds is a special service that we make available
whenever possible for redemption requests of $1,000 or more. If we receive your
request in proper form before 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, your wire payment will be
sent the next business day. For requests received in proper form after 4:00 p.m.
Eastern time, the payment will be sent the second business day. By offering this
service to you, the Fund is not bound to meet any redemption request in less
than the seven day period prescribed by law. Neither the Fund nor its agents
shall be liable to you or any other person if, for any reason, a redemption
request by wire is not processed as described in this section.
If you sell shares you recently purchased with a check or draft, we may delay
sending you the proceeds for up to 15 days or more to allow the check or draft
to clear. A certified or cashier's check may clear in less time.
Under unusual circumstances, we may suspend redemptions or postpone payment for
more than seven days as permitted by federal securities law.
Please refer to "Transaction Procedures and Special Requirements" for other
important information on how to sell shares.
TRUST COMPANY RETIREMENT PLAN ACCOUNTS
To comply with IRS regulations, you need to complete additional forms before
selling shares in a Trust Company retirement plan account. Tax penalties
generally apply to any distribution from these plans to a participant under age
59 1/2, unless the distribution meets an exception stated in the Code. To obtain
the necessary forms, please call Retirement Plan Services.
WHAT DISTRIBUTIONS MIGHT I RECEIVE FROM THE FUND?
The Fund intends to pay a dividend at least annually representing substantially
all of its net investment income and any net realized capital gains.
Dividend payments are not guaranteed, are subject to the Board's discretion and
may vary with each payment. THE FUND DOES NOT PAY "INTEREST" OR GUARANTEE ANY
FIXED RATE OF RETURN ON AN INVESTMENT IN ITS SHARES.
If you buy shares shortly before the record date, please keep in mind that any
distribution will lower the value of the Fund's shares by the amount of the
distribution and you will then receive a portion of the price you paid back in
the form of a taxable distribution.
DISTRIBUTION OPTIONS
You may receive your distributions from the Fund in any of these ways:
1. BUY ADDITIONAL SHARES OF THE FUND -- You may buy additional shares of the
same class of the Fund by reinvesting capital gain distributions, dividend
distributions, or both. This is a convenient way to accumulate additional shares
and maintain or increase your earnings base.
2. BUY SHARES OF OTHER FRANKLIN TEMPLETON FUNDS -- You may direct your
distributions to buy the same class of shares of another Franklin Templeton
Fund. You may also direct your distributions to buy Class I shares of another
Franklin Templeton Fund. Many shareholders find this a convenient way to
diversify their investments.
3. RECEIVE DISTRIBUTIONS IN CASH -- You may receive capital gain distributions,
dividend distributions, or both in cash. If you have the money sent to another
person or to a checking account, you may need a signature guarantee.
TO SELECT ONE OF THESE OPTIONS, PLEASE COMPLETE SECTIONS 6 AND 7 OF THE
SHAREHOLDER APPLICATION INCLUDED WITH THIS PROSPECTUS OR TELL YOUR INVESTMENT
REPRESENTATIVE WHICH OPTION YOU PREFER. IF YOU DO NOT SELECT AN OPTION, WE WILL
AUTOMATICALLY REINVEST DIVIDEND AND CAPITAL GAIN DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE SAME CLASS
OF THE FUND. You may change your distribution option at any time by notifying us
by mail or phone. Please allow at least seven days before the record date for us
to process the new option. For Trust Company retirement plans, special forms are
required to receive distributions in cash.
TRANSACTION PROCEDURES AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
SHARE PRICE
You buy and sell Advisor Class shares at the Net Asset Value per share. The Net
Asset Value we use when you buy or sell shares is the one next calculated after
we receive your transaction request in proper form. If you buy or sell shares
through your Securities Dealer, however, we will use the Net Asset Value next
calculated after your Securities Dealer receives your request, which is promptly
transmitted to the Fund. Your redemption proceeds will not earn interest between
the time we receive the order from your dealer and the time we receive any
required documents.
HOW AND WHEN SHARES ARE PRICED
The Fund is open for business each day the NYSE is open. We determine the Net
Asset Value per share as of the scheduled close of the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m.
Eastern time. You can find the prior day's closing Net Asset Value in many
newspapers.
The Net Asset Value of all outstanding shares of each class is calculated on a
pro rata basis. It is based on each class' proportionate participation in the
Fund, determined by the value of the shares of each class. To calculate Net
Asset Value per share of each class, the assets of each class are valued and
totaled, liabilities are subtracted, and the balance, called net assets, is
divided by the number of shares of the class outstanding. The Fund's assets are
valued as described under "How Are Fund Shares Valued?" in the SAI.
PROPER FORM
An order to buy shares is in proper form when we receive your signed shareholder
application and check. Written requests to sell or exchange shares are in proper
form when we receive written instructions signed by all registered owners, with
a signature guarantee if necessary. We must also receive any outstanding share
certificates for those shares.
WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS
Written instructions must be signed by all registered owners. To avoid any delay
in processing your transaction, they should include:
o Your name,
o The Fund's name,
o The class of shares,
o A description of the request,
o For exchanges, the name of the fund you are exchanging into,
o Your account number,
o The dollar amount or number of shares, and
o A telephone number where we may reach you during the day, or in the evening if
preferred.
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES
For our mutual protection, we require a signature guarantee in the following
situations:
1) You wish to sell over $50,000 worth of shares,
2) You want the proceeds to be paid to someone other than the registered owners,
3) The proceeds are not being sent to the address of record, preauthorized bank
account, or preauthorized brokerage firm account,
4) We receive instructions from an agent, not the registered owners,
5) We believe a signature guarantee would protect us against potential claims
based on the instructions received.
A signature guarantee verifies the authenticity of your signature. You should be
able to obtain a signature guarantee from a bank, broker, credit union, savings
association, clearing agency, or securities exchange or association. A NOTARIZED
SIGNATURE IS NOT SUFFICIENT.
SHARE CERTIFICATES
We will credit your shares to your Fund account. We do not issue share
certificates unless you specifically request them. This eliminates the costly
problem of replacing lost, stolen or destroyed certificates. If a certificate is
lost, stolen or destroyed, you may have to pay an insurance premium of up to 2%
of the value of the certificate to replace it.
Any outstanding share certificates must be returned to the Fund if you want to
sell or exchange those shares or if you would like to start a systematic
withdrawal plan. The certificates should be properly endorsed. You can do this
either by signing the back of the certificate or by completing a share
assignment form. For your protection, you may prefer to complete a share
assignment form and to send the certificate and assignment form in separate
envelopes.
TELEPHONE TRANSACTIONS
You may initiate many transactions by phone. Please refer to the sections of
this prospectus that discuss the transaction you would like to make or call
Shareholder Services.
When you call, we will request personal or other identifying information to
confirm that instructions are genuine. We may also record calls. We will not be
liable for following instructions communicated by telephone if we reasonably
believe they are genuine. For your protection, we may delay a transaction or not
implement one if we are not reasonably satisfied that the instructions are
genuine. If this occurs, we will not be liable for any loss.
If our lines are busy or you are otherwise unable to reach us by phone, you may
wish to ask your investment representative for assistance or send us written
instructions, as described elsewhere in this prospectus. If you are unable to
execute a transaction by phone, we will not be liable for any loss.
TRUST COMPANY RETIREMENT PLAN ACCOUNTS. We cannot accept instructions to sell
shares or change distribution options on Trust Company retirement plans by
phone. While you may exchange shares of Trust Company IRA and 403(b) retirement
accounts by phone, certain restrictions may be imposed on other retirement
plans.
To obtain any required forms or more information about distribution or transfer
procedures, please call Retirement Plan Services.
ACCOUNT REGISTRATIONS AND REQUIRED DOCUMENTS
When you open an account, we need you to tell us how you want your shares
registered. How you register your account will affect your ownership rights and
ability to make certain transactions. If you have questions about how to
register your account, you should consult your investment representative or
legal advisor. Please keep the following information in mind when registering
your account.
JOINT OWNERSHIP. If you open an account with two or more owners, we register the
account as "joint tenants with rights of survivorship" unless you tell us
otherwise. An account registered as "joint tenants with rights of survivorship"
is shown as "Jt Ten" on your account statement. For any account with two or more
owners, ALL owners must sign instructions to process transactions and changes to
the account. Even if the law in your state says otherwise, we cannot accept
instructions to change owners on the account unless all owners agree in writing.
If you would like another person or owner to sign for you, please send us a
current power of attorney.
GIFTS AND TRANSFERS TO MINORS. You may set up a custodial account for a minor
under your state's Uniform Gifts/Transfers to Minors Act. Other than this form
of registration, a minor may not be named as an account owner.
TRUSTS. You should register your account as a trust only if you have a valid
written trust document. This avoids future disputes or possible court action
over who owns the account.
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS. For corporate, partnership and trust accounts, please send
us the following documents when you open your account. This will help avoid
delays in processing your transactions while we verify who may sign on the
account.
TYPE OF ACCOUNT DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
- ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
CORPORATION Corporate Resolution
- ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
PARTNERSHIP 1. The pages from the partnership agreement
that identify the general partners, or
2. A certification for a partnership
agreement
- ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
TRUST 1. The pages from the trust document that
identify the trustees, or
2. A certification for trust
- ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
STREET OR NOMINEE ACCOUNTS. If you have Fund shares held in a "street" or
"nominee" name account with your Securities Dealer, you may transfer the shares
to the street or nominee name account of another Securities Dealer. Both dealers
must have an agreement with Distributors or we cannot process the transfer.
Contact your Securities Dealer to initiate the transfer. We will process the
transfer after we receive authorization in proper form from your delivering
Securities Dealer. Accounts may be transferred electronically through the NSCC.
For accounts registered in street or nominee name, we may take instructions
directly from the Securities Dealer or your nominee.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION IF YOU HAVE AN INVESTMENT REPRESENTATIVE
If there is a Securities Dealer or other representative of record on your
account, we are authorized: (1) to provide confirmations, account statements and
other information about your account directly to your dealer and/or
representative; and (2) to accept telephone and electronic instructions directly
from your dealer or representative, including instructions to exchange or redeem
your shares. Electronic instructions may be processed through established
electronic trading systems and programs used by the Fund. Telephone instructions
directly from your representative will be accepted unless you have let us know
that you do not want telephone privileges to apply to your account.
TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
The IRS requires us to have your correct Social Security or tax identification
number on a signed shareholder application or applicable tax form. Federal law
requires us to withhold 31% of your taxable distributions and sale proceeds if
(i) you have not furnished a certified correct taxpayer identification number,
(ii) you have not certified that withholding does not apply, (iii) the IRS or a
Securities Dealer notifies the Fund that the number you gave us is incorrect, or
(iv) you are subject to backup withholding.
We may refuse to open an account if you fail to provide the required tax
identification number and certifications. We may also close your account if the
IRS notifies us that your tax identification number is incorrect. If you
complete an "awaiting TIN" certification, we must receive a correct tax
identification number within 60 days of your initial purchase to keep your
account open.
KEEPING YOUR ACCOUNT OPEN
Due to the relatively high cost of maintaining a small account, we may close
your account if the value of your shares is less than $50. We will only do this
if the value of your account fell below this amount because you voluntarily sold
your shares and your account has been inactive (except for the reinvestment of
distributions) for at least six months. Before we close your account, we will
notify you and give you 30 days to increase the value of your account to $100.
These minimums do not apply if you fall within categories 4, 5, 6 or 7 under
"How Do I Buy Shares? -- Opening Your Account."
SERVICES TO HELP YOU MANAGE YOUR ACCOUNT
AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN
Our automatic investment plan offers a convenient way to invest in the Fund.
Under the plan, you can have money transferred automatically from your checking
account to the Fund each month to buy additional shares. If you are interested
in this program, please refer to the shareholder application included with this
prospectus or contact your investment representative. The market value of the
Fund's shares may fluctuate and a systematic investment plan such as this will
not assure a profit or protect against a loss. You may discontinue the program
at any time by notifying Investor Services by mail or phone.
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN
Our systematic withdrawal plan allows you to sell your shares and receive
regular payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual
basis. The value of your account must be at least $5,000 and the minimum payment
amount for each withdrawal must be at least $50. For retirement plans subject to
mandatory distribution requirements, the $50 minimum will not apply.
If you would like to establish a systematic withdrawal plan, please complete the
systematic withdrawal plan section of the shareholder application included with
this prospectus and indicate how you would like to receive your payments. You
may choose to direct your payments to buy the same class of shares of another
Franklin Templeton Fund or have the money sent directly to you, to another
person, or to a checking account. Once your plan is established, any
distributions paid by the Fund will be automatically reinvested in your account.
You will generally receive your payment by the end of the month in which a
payment is scheduled. When you sell your shares under a systematic withdrawal
plan, it is a taxable transaction.
You may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan, change the amount and schedule
of withdrawal payments, or suspend one payment by notifying us in writing at
least seven business days before the end of the month preceding a scheduled
payment. Please see "How Do I Buy, Sell and Exchange Shares? -- Systematic
Withdrawal Plan" in the SAI for more information.
STATEMENTS AND REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS
We will send you the following statements and reports on a regular basis:
o Confirmation and account statements reflecting transactions in your account,
including additional purchases and dividend reinvestments. PLEASE VERIFY THE
ACCURACY OF YOUR STATEMENTS WHEN YOU RECEIVE THEM.
o Financial reports of the Fund will be sent every six months. To reduce Fund
expenses, we attempt to identify related shareholders within a household and
send only one copy of a report. Call Fund Information if you would like an
additional free copy of the Fund's financial reports.
INSTITUTIONAL ACCOUNTS
Additional methods of buying, selling or exchanging shares of the Fund may be
available to institutional accounts. Institutional investors may also be
required to complete an institutional account application. For more information,
call Institutional Services.
AVAILABILITY OF THESE SERVICES
The services above are available to most shareholders. If, however, your shares
are held by a financial institution, in a street name account, or networked
through the NSCC, the Fund may not be able to offer these services directly to
you. Please contact your investment representative.
WHAT IF I HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT MY ACCOUNT?
If you have any questions about your account, you may write to Investor Services
at 700 Central Avenue, P.O. Box 33030, St. Petersburg, Florida 33733-8030. The
Fund and Distributors are also located at this address. Investment Counsel is
located at 500 East Broward Boulevard, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33394-3091. You
may also contact us by phone at one of the numbers listed below.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HOURS OF OPERATION (EASTERN TIME)
DEPARTMENT NAME TELEPHONE NO. MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY)
- ------------------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Shareholder Services 1-800/632-2301 8:30 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
Dealer Services 1-800/524-4040 8:30 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
Fund Information 1-800/DIAL BEN 8:30 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.
(1-800/342-5236) 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. (Saturday)
Retirement Plan Services 1-800/527-2020 8:30 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
Institutional Services 1-800/321-8563 8:30 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
TDD (hearing impaired) 1-800/851-0637 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
</TABLE>
Your phone call may be monitored or recorded to ensure we provide you with high
quality service. You will hear a regular beeping tone if your call is being
recorded.
<PAGE>
GLOSSARY
USEFUL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
1933 ACT -- Securities
Act of 1933, as amended.
1940 ACT -- Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
BOARD -- The Board of Trustees of the Fund
CD -- Certificate of deposit
CLASS I AND ADVISOR CLASS -- The Fund offers two classes of shares, designated
"Class I" and "Advisor Class." The two classes have proportionate interests in
the Fund's portfolio. They differ, however, primarily in their sales charge and
expense structures.
CODE -- Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
DISTRIBUTORS -- Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., the Fund's principal
underwriter. The SAI lists the officers and Board members who are affiliated
with Distributors. See "Officers and Trustees."
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON FUNDS -- The U.S. registered mutual funds in the Franklin
Group of Funds(R) and the Templeton Group of Funds except Franklin Valuemark
Funds, Franklin Government Securities Trust, Templeton Capital Accumulator Fund,
Inc., Templeton Variable Annuity Fund, and Templeton Variable Products Series
Fund
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP -- Franklin Resources, Inc., a publicly owned holding
company, and its various subsidiaries
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP OF FUNDS -- All U.S. registered investment companies in
the Franklin Group of Funds(R) and the Templeton Group of Funds
FT SERVICES -- Franklin Templeton Services, Inc., the Fund's administrator
INVESTMENT COUNSEL -- Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc., the Fund's investment
manager
INVESTOR SERVICES -- Franklin/Templeton Investor Services, Inc., the Fund's
shareholder servicing and transfer agent
IRS -- Internal Revenue Service
MARKET TIMERS -- Market Timers generally include market timing or asset
allocation services, accounts administered so as to buy, sell or exchange shares
based on predetermined market indicators, or any person or group whose
transactions seem to follow a timing pattern or whose transactions include
frequent or large exchanges.
MOODY'S -- Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
NASD -- National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
NET ASSET VALUE (NAV) -- The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting
the fund's liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The net asset
value per share is determined by dividing the net asset value of the fund by the
number of shares outstanding.
NSCC -- National Securities Clearing Corporation
NYSE -- New York Stock Exchange
RESOURCES -- Franklin Resources, Inc.
SAI -- Statement of Additional Information
S&P -- Standard & Poor's Ratings Service, a division of The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
SEC -- U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SECURITIES DEALER -- A financial institution that, either directly or through
affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and
accounts with the Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not
indicate a legal conclusion of capacity.
TRUST COMPANY -- Franklin Templeton Trust Company. Trust Company is an affiliate
of Distributors and both are wholly owned subsidiaries of Resources.
U.S. -- United States
WE/OUR/US -- Unless the context indicates a different meaning, these terms refer
to the Fund and/or Investor Services, Distributors, or other wholly owned
subsidiaries of Resources.
<PAGE>
INSTRUCTIONS AND IMPORTANT NOTICE
SUBSTITUTE W-9 INSTRUCTIONS INFORMATION
GENERAL. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the tax liability
of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax
withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund may be
obtained from the IRS.
OBTAINING A NUMBER. If you do not have a Social Security Number/Taxpayer
Identification Number or you do not know your SSN/TIN, you must obtain Form SS-5
or Form SS-4 from your local Social Security or IRS office and apply for one. If
you have checked the "Awaiting TIN" box and signed the certification,
withholding will apply to payments relating to your account unless you provide a
certified TIN within 60 days.
WHAT SSN/TIN TO GIVE. Please refer to the following guidelines:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ACCOUNT TYPE GIVE SSN OF ACCOUNT TYPE GIVE EMPLOYER ID # OF
- ------------------------------------ ------------------ ----------------------- ------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
o Individual Individual o Trust, Estate, Trust, Estate, or
or Pension Plan Pension Plan Trust
Trust
- ------------------------------------ ------------------ ----------------------- ------------------------------
o Joint Individual Owner who o Corporation, Corporation,
will be Partnership, or Partnership, or
paying tax other organization other organization
or
first-named
individual
- ------------------------------------ ------------------ ----------------------- ------------------------------
o Unif. Gift/ Minor o Broker nominee Broker nominee
Transfer to Minor
- ------------------------------------ ------------------ ----------------------- ------------------------------
o Sole Proprietor Owner of
business
- ------------------------------------ ------------------ ----------------------- ------------------------------
o Legal Guardian Ward,
Minor, or
Incompetent
- ------------------------------------ ------------------ ----------------------- ------------------------------
</TABLE>
EXEMPT RECIPIENTS. Please provide your TIN and check the "Exempt Recipient" box
if you are an exempt recipient. Exempt recipients include:
<PAGE>
A corporation A real estate investment trust
A financial institution A common trust fund operated by a bank
under section 584(a)
An organization exempt from tax An exempt charitable remainder trust or
individual retirement plan a non-exempt trust described in section
under section 501(a), or an 4947(a)(1)
A registered dealer in securities An entity registered at all times under
or commodities registered in the U.S. the Investment Company Act of 1940
or a U.S. possession
<PAGE>
IRS PENALTIES. If you do not supply us with your SSN/TIN, you will be subject to
an IRS $50 penalty unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not
willful neglect. If you fail to report certain income on your federal income tax
return, you will be treated as negligent and subject to an IRS 20% penalty on
any underpayment of tax attributable to such negligence, unless there was
reasonable cause for the resulting underpayment and you acted in good faith. If
you falsify information on this form or make any other false statement resulting
in no backup withholding on an account which should be subject to backup
withholding, you may be subject to an IRS $500 penalty and certain criminal
penalties including fines and imprisonment.
SUBSTITUTE W-8 INSTRUCTIONS INFORMATION
EXEMPT FOREIGN PERSON. Check the "Exempt Foreign Person" box if you qualify as a
non-resident alien or foreign entity that is not subject to certain U.S.
information return reporting or to backup withholding rules. Dividends paid to
your account may be subject to withholding of up to 30%. You are an "Exempt
Foreign Person" if you are not (1) a citizen or resident of the U.S., or (2) a
U.S. corporation, partnership, estate, or trust. In the case of an individual,
an "Exempt Foreign Person" is one who has been physically present in the U.S.
for less than 31 days during the current calendar year. An individual who is
physically present in the U.S. for at least 31 days during the current calendar
year will still be treated as an "Exempt Foreign Person," provided that the
total number of days physically present in the current calendar year and the two
preceding calendar years does not exceed 183 days (counting all of the days in
the current calendar year, only one-third of the days in the first preceding
calendar year and only one-sixth of the days in the second preceding calendar
year). In addition, lawful permanent residents or green card holders may not be
treated as "Exempt Foreign Persons." If you are an individual or an entity, you
must not now be, or at this time expect to be, engaged in a U.S. trade or
business with respect to which any gain derived from transactions effected by
the Fund/Payer during the calendar year is effectively connected to the U.S. (or
your transactions are exempt from U.S. taxes under a tax treaty).
PERMANENT ADDRESS. The Shareholder Application must contain your permanent
address if you are an "Exempt Foreign Person." If you are an individual, provide
your permanent address. If you are a partnership or corporation, provide the
address of your principal office. If you are an estate or trust, provide the
address of your permanent residence or the principal office of any fiduciary.
NOTICE OF CHANGE IN STATUS. If you become a U.S. citizen or resident after you
have provided certification of your foreign status, or if you cease to be an
"Exempt Foreign Person," you must notify the Fund/Payer within 30 days of your
change in status. Reporting will then begin on the account(s) listed, and backup
withholding may also begin unless you certify to the Fund/Payer that (1) the
taxpayer identification number you have given is correct, and (2) the Internal
Revenue Service has not notified you that you are subject to backup withholding
because you failed to report certain interest or dividend income. You may use
Form W-9, "Payer's Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and
Certification," to make these certifications. If an account is no longer active,
you do not have to notify a Fund/Payer or broker of your change in status unless
you also have another account with the same Fund/Payer that is still active. If
you receive interest from more than one Fund/Payer or have dealings with more
than one broker or barter exchange, file a certificate with each. If you have
more than one account with the same Fund/Payer, the Fund/Payer may require you
to file a separate certificate for each account.
WHEN TO FILE. File these certifications with the Fund before a payment is made
to you, unless you have already done this in either of the two preceding
calendar years.
HOW OFTEN YOU MUST FILE. This certificate generally remains in effect for three
calendar years. A Fund/Payer or broker, however, may require that a new
certificate be filed each time a payment is made. On joint accounts for which
each joint owner is a foreign person, each must provide a certification of
foreign status.
<PAGE>
RESOLUTION SUPPORTING AUTHORITY OF CORPORATE /ASSOCIATION SHAREHOLDER
INSTRUCTION:
It will be necessary for corporate/association shareholders to provide a
certified copy of a resolution or other certificate of authority supporting the
authority of designated officers of the corporation/association to issue oral
and written instruction on behalf of the corporation/association for the
purchase, sale (redemption), transfer and/or exchange of Franklin Templeton Fund
shares. You may use the following form of resolution or you may prefer to use
your own.
CERTIFIED COPY OF RESOLUTION (Corporation or Association)
The undersigned hereby certifies and affirms that he/she is the duly elected
____________________ of ____________________ a TitleCorporate Name
- -------------------- organized under the laws of the State of
______________________ and
that the following is a true and
Type of Organization State correct copy of a resolution adopted by the Board of
Directors by unanimous written consent (a copy of which is attached) or at a
meeting duly called and held on --------------------------- , 19___.
"RESOLVED, that___________________________________________________________
Name of Corporation/Association
(the "Company") is authorized to invest the Company's assets in
one or more investment companies (mutual funds) whose shares are
distributed by Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. ("Distributors").
Each such investment company, or series thereof, is referred to as a
"Franklin Templeton Fund" or "Fund."
FURTHER RESOLVED, that any (enter number) ____________________ of the
following officers of this Company (acting alone, if one, or acting
together, if more than one) is/are authorized to issue oral or written
instructions (including the signing of drafts in the case of draft accessed
money fund accounts) on behalf of the Company for the purchase, sale
(redemption), transfer and/or exchange of Fund shares and to execute any
Fund application(s) and agreements pertaining to Fund shares registered or
to be registered to the Company (referred to as a "Company Instruction");
and, that this authority shall continue until Franklin/Templeton Investor
Services, Inc. ("Investor Services") receives written notice of revocation
or amendment delivered by registered mail. The Company's officers
authorized to act on behalf of the Company under this resolution are (enter
officer titles only):_____________
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
(referred to as the "Authorized Officers").
FURTHER RESOLVED, that Investor Services may rely on the most recently
provided incumbency certificate delivered by the Company to Investor
Services to identify those individuals who are the incumbent Authorized
Officers and that Investor Services shall have no independent duty to
determine if there has been any change in the individuals serving as
incumbent Authorized Officers.
FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Company ("Indemnitor") undertakes and agrees to
indemnify and hold harmless Distributors, each affiliate of Distributors,
each Franklin Templeton Fund and their officers, employees and agents
(referred to hereafter collectively as the "Indemnitees") from and against
any and all liability, loss, suits, claims, costs, damages and expenses of
whatever amount and whatever nature (including without limitation
reasonable attorneys' fees, whether for consultation and advice or
representation in litigation at both the trial and appellate level) any
indemnitee may sustain or incur by reason of, in consequence of, or arising
from or in connection with any action taken or not taken by an Indemnitee
in good faith reliance on a Company Instruction given as authorized under
this resolution."
The undersigned further certifies that the below named persons, whose signatures
appear opposite their names, are the incumbent Authorized Officers (as that term
is defined in the above resolution) who have been duly elected to the office
identified beside their name(s) (attach additional list if necessary).
X
- ------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
Name/title (please print or type) Signature
X
- ------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
Name/title (please print or type) Signature
X
- ------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
Name/title (please print or type) Signature
X
- ------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Name/title (please print or type) Signature
Certified from minutes
X
- ------------------------------------
Signature
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name/title (please print or type)
CORPORATE SEAL (if appropriate)
<PAGE>
This page intentionally left blank.
<PAGE>
This page intentionally left blank.
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP OF FUNDS
LITERATURE REQUEST E CALL 1-800/DIAL BEN (1-800/342-5236) today for a free
descriptive brochure and prospectus on any of the funds listed below. The
prospectus contains more complete information, including fees, charges and
expenses, and should be read carefully before investing or sending money.
<PAGE>
GLOBAL GROWTH
Franklin Global Health Care Fund
Franklin Templeton Japan Fund
Templeton Developing Markets Trust
Templeton Foreign Fund
Templeton Foreign Smaller Companies Fund
Templeton Global
Infrastructure Fund
Templeton Global Opportunities Trust
Templeton Global Real Estate Fund
Templeton Global Smaller Companies Fund
Templeton Greater European Fund
Templeton Growth Fund
Templeton Latin America Fund
Templeton Pacific Growth Fund
Templeton World Fund
GLOBAL GROWTH AND INCOME
Franklin Global Utilities Fund
Franklin Templeton German
Government Bond Fund
Franklin Templeton
Global Currency Fund
Mutual European Fund
TTempleton Growth and Income Fund
GLOBAL INCOME
Franklin Global Government
Income Fund
Franklin Templeton Hard
Currency Fund
Franklin Templeton High
Income Currency Fund
Templeton Americas
Government Securities Fund
GROWTH
Franklin Blue Chip Fund
Franklin California Growth Fund
Franklin DynaTech Fund
Franklin Equity Fund
Franklin Gold Fund
Franklin Growth Fund
Franklin MidCap
Growth Fund
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund
Mutual Discovery Fund
GROWTH AND INCOME
Franklin Asset Allocation Fund
Franklin Balance Sheet Investment Fund
Franklin Convertible Securities Fund
Franklin Equity Income Fund
Franklin Income Fund
Franklin MicroCap Value Fund
Franklin Natural Resources Fund
Franklin Real Estate Securities Fund
Franklin Rising Dividends Fund
Franklin Strategic Income Fund
Franklin Utilities Fund
Franklin Value Fund
Mutual Beacon Fund
Mutual Qualified Fund
Mutual Shares Fund
Templeton American Trust, Inc.
FUND ALLOCATOR SERIES
Franklin Templeton
Conservative Target Fund
Franklin Templeton
Moderate Target Fund
Franklin Templeton
Growth Target Fund
INCOME
Franklin Adjustable Rate Securities Fund
Franklin Adjustable U.S.
Government Securities Fund
Franklin's AGE High Income Fund
Franklin Investment
Grade Income Fund
Franklin Short-Intermediate U.S.
Government Securities Fund
Franklin U.S. Government Securities Fund
Franklin Money Fund
Franklin Federal Money Fund
FOR CORPORATIONS
Franklin Corporate
Qualified Dividend Fund
FRANKLIN FUNDS SEEKING TAX-FREE INCOME
Federal Intermediate-Term
Tax-Free Income Fund
Federal Tax-Free Income Fund
High Yield Tax-Free Income Fund
Insured Tax-Free Income Fund
Puerto Rico Tax-Free
Income Fund
Tax-Exempt Money Fund
FRANKLIN STATE-SPECIFIC FUNDS SEEKING TAX-FREE INCOME
Alabama
Arizona*
Arkansas**
California*
Colorado
Connecticut
Florida*
Georgia
Hawaii**
Indiana
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts***
Michigan*
Minnesota***
Missouri
New Jersey
New York*
North Carolina
Ohio***
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Tennessee**
Texas
Virginia
Washington**
VARIABLE ANNUITIES+
Franklin Valuemark(R)
Franklin Templeton Valuemark Income
Plus (an immediate annuity)
<PAGE>
*Two or more fund options available: long-term portfolio, intermediate-term
portfolio, a portfolio of insured municipal securities, and/or a high yield
portfolio (CA) and a money market portfolio (CA and NY).
**The fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in bonds that pay interest
subject to the federal alternative minimum tax.
***Portfolio of insured municipal securities.
+Franklin Valuemark and Franklin Templeton Valuemark Income Plus are issued by
Allianz Life Insurance Company of North America or by its wholly owned
subsidiary, Preferred Life Insurance Company of New York, and distributed by
NALAC Financial Plans, LLC.
FGF02/97
[LOGO] Printed on recycled paper TL417 PZ 08/97
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON
JAPAN FUND ADVISOR CLASS
P.O. Box 33031
St. Petersburg, FL 33733-8031
-----------------------------
TL417 PZ 08/97
LOGO Printed on recycled paper
<PAGE>
CLASS I
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
AUGUST 1, 1997
P.O. BOX 33030UE
ST. PETERSBURG, FL 33733-8030 1-800/DIAL BEN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
How does the Fund Invest its Assets?.........................
What are the Fund's Potential Risks?.........................
Investment Restrictions......................................
Officers and Trustees........................................
Investment Management and Other Services.....................
How does the Fund Buy Securities for its Portfolio?..........
How Do I Buy, Sell and Exchange Shares?......................
How are Fund Shares Valued?..................................
Additional Information on Distributions and Taxes............
The Fund's Underwriter.......................................
How does the Fund Measure Performance?.......................
Miscellaneous Information....................................
Financial Statements.........................................
Useful Terms and Definitions.................................
Appendix.....................................................
When reading this SAI, you will see certains
terms beginning with capital letters. This means the
term is explained under "Useful Terms and Definitions."
Franklin Templeton Japan Fund (the "Fund") is a diversified open-end management
investment company. The Fund's investment objective is long-term capital growth.
The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in securities of
companies domiciled in Japan and traded in the Japanese securities markets.
The Prospectus, dated August 1, 1997, as may be amended from time to time,
contains the basic information you should know before investing in the Fund. For
a free copy, call 1-800/DIAL BEN or write the Fund at the address shown.
This SAI describes the Fund's Class I shares. The Fund currently offers another
class of shares with a different sales charge and expense structure, which
affects performance. This class is described in a separate SAI and prospectus.
For more information, contact your investment representative or call 1-800/DIAL
BEN.
THIS SAI IS NOT A PROSPECTUS. IT CONTAINS INFORMATION IN ADDITION TO AND IN MORE
DETAIL THAN SET FORTH IN THE PROSPECTUS. THIS SAI IS INTENDED TO PROVIDE YOU
WITH ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONS OF THE FUND,
AND SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PROSPECTUS.
MUTUAL FUNDS, ANNUITIES, AND OTHER INVESTMENT PRODUCTS:
ARE NOT FEDERALLY INSURED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION,
THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER AGENCY OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT;
ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF, OR GUARANTEED OR ENDORSED BY, ANY BANK;
ARE SUBJECT TO INVESTMENT RISKS, INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF PRINCIPAL.
HOW DOES THE FUND INVEST ITS ASSETS?
The following provides more detailed information about some of the securities
the Fund may buy and its investment policies. You should read it together with
the section in the Prospectus entitled "How does the Fund Invest its Assets?"
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. Repurchase agreements are contracts under which the buyer
of a security simultaneously commits to resell the security to the seller at an
agreed-upon price and date. Under a repurchase agreement, the seller is required
to maintain the value of the securities subject to the repurchase agreement at
not less than their repurchase price. Investment Counsel will monitor the value
of such securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the
repurchase price. Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of
default or insolvency of the seller, including possible delays or restrictions
upon the Fund's ability to dispose of the underlying securities. The Fund will
enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet creditworthiness
standards approved by the Board, I.E., banks or broker-dealers which have been
determined by Investment Counsel to present no serious risk of becoming involved
in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase
transaction.
DEBT SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in debt securities that are rated in any
rating category by S&P or Moody's or that are unrated by any rating agency. As
an operating policy, which may be changed by the Board without shareholder
approval, the Fund will invest no more than 5% of its assets in debt securities
rated lower than Baa by Moody's or BBB by S&P. The market value of debt
securities generally varies in response to changes in interest rates and the
financial condition of each issuer. During periods of declining interest rates,
the value of debt securities generally increases. Conversely, during periods of
rising interest rates, the value of such securities generally declines. These
changes in market value will be reflected in the Fund's Net Asset Value.
Bonds which are rated Baa by Moody's are considered as medium grade obligations,
I.E., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments
and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well. Bonds which are rated C by
Moody's are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded
as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment
standing.
Bonds rated BBB by S&P are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for
bonds in this category than in higher rated categories. Bonds rated D by S&P are
the lowest rated class of bonds, and generally are in payment default. The D
rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt
service payments are jeopardized.
Although they may offer higher yields than do higher rated securities, high
risk, lower quality debt securities (commonly referred to as "junk bonds") and
generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of principal and income,
including the possibility of default by, or bankruptcy of, the issuers of the
securities. In addition, the markets in which low rated and unrated debt
securities are traded are more limited than those in which higher rated
securities are traded. The existence of limited markets for particular
securities may diminish the Fund's ability to sell the securities at fair value
either to meet redemption requests or to respond to a specific economic event
such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. Reduced secondary
market liquidity for certain low rated or unrated debt securities may also make
it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for the
purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio. Market quotations are generally
available on many low rated or unrated securities only from a limited number of
dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices
for actual sales.
Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental
analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of low rated debt securities,
especially in a thinly traded market. Analysis of the creditworthiness of
issuers of low rated debt securities may be more complex than for issuers of
higher rated securities, and the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment
objective may, to the extent of investment in low rated debt securities, be more
dependent upon such creditworthiness analysis than would be the case if the Fund
were investing in higher rated securities.
Low rated debt securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse
economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities.
The prices of low rated debt securities have been found to be less sensitive to
interest rate changes than higher rated investments, but more sensitive to
adverse economic downturns or individual corporate developments. A projection of
an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could
cause a decline in low rated debt securities prices because the advent of a
recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make
principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If the issuer of low
rated debt securities defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses seeking
recovery.
The Fund may invest in yen-denominated bonds sold in Japan by non-Japanese
issuers ("Samurai bonds") and in dollar-denominated bonds sold in the U.S. by
non-U.S. issuers ("Yankee bonds"). As compared with bonds issued in their
countries of domicile, such bond issues normally carry a higher interest rate
but are less actively traded. The Fund will invest in Samurai or Yankee bond
issues only after taking into account consideration of quality and liquidity, as
well as yield. These bonds would be issued by governments which are members of
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development or have AAA ratings.
The Fund may accrue and report interest income on high yield bonds, such as zero
coupon bonds or pay-in-kind securities, even though it receives no cash interest
until the security's maturity or payment date. In order to qualify for
beneficial tax treatment afforded regulated investment companies, and generally
to be relieved of federal tax liabilities, the Fund must distribute
substantially all of its net income and gains to shareholders (see "Additional
Information on Distributions and Taxes") generally on an annual basis. The Fund
may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances
to generate cash or leverage itself by borrowing cash in order to satisfy the
distribution requirement.
STRUCTURED INVESTMENTS. Included among the issuers of debt securities in which
the Fund may invest are entities organized and operated solely for the purpose
of restructuring the investment characteristics of various securities. These
entities are typically organized by investment banking firms which receive fees
in connection with establishing each entity and arranging for the placement of
its securities. This type of restructuring involves the deposit with or purchase
by an entity, such as a corporation or trust, of specified instruments and the
issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities ("structured
investments") backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying
instruments. The cash flows on the underlying instruments may be apportioned
among the newly issued structured investments to create securities with
different investment characteristics such as varying maturities, payment
priorities or interest rate provisions. The extent of the payments made with
respect to structured investments is dependent on the extent of the cash flows
on the underlying instruments. Because structured investments of the type in
which the Fund anticipates investing typically involve no credit enhancement,
their credit risk will generally be equivalent to that of the underlying
instruments.
The Fund is permitted to invest in a class of structured investments that is
either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class.
Subordinated structured investments typically have higher yields and present
greater risks than unsubordinated structured investments. Although the Fund's
purchase of subordinated structured investments would have a similar economic
effect to that of borrowing against the underlying securities, the purchase will
not be deemed to be leveraged for purposes of the limitations placed on the
extent of the Fund's assets that may be used for borrowing activities.
Certain issuers of structured investments may be deemed to be "investment
companies" as defined in the 1940 Act. The Fund's investment in these structured
investments may be limited by its investment restrictions. See "Investment
Restrictions" below. Structured investments are typically sold in private
placement transactions, and there currently is no active trading market for
structured investments. To the extent such investments are illiquid, they will
be subject to the Fund's restrictions on investments in illiquid securities.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in convertible securities, including
convertible debt and convertible preferred stock. Convertible securities are
fixed-income securities which may be converted at a stated price within a
specific amount of time into a specified number of shares of common stock. These
securities are usually senior to common stock in a corporation's capital
structure, but usually are subordinated to non-convertible debt securities. In
general, the value of a convertible security is the higher of its investment
value (its value as a fixed-income security) and its conversion value (the value
of the underlying shares of common stock if the security is converted). The
investment value of a convertible security generally increases when interest
rates decline and generally decreases when interest rates rise. The conversion
value of a convertible security is influenced by the value of the underlying
common stock.
FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may purchase and sell financial futures contracts.
Although some financial futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of
the underlying securities, in most cases these obligations are closed out before
the settlement date. The closing of a contractual obligation is accomplished by
purchasing or selling an identical offsetting futures contract. Other financial
futures contracts by their terms call for cash settlements.
The Fund may also buy and sell index futures contracts with respect to any stock
or bond index traded on a recognized stock exchange or board of trade. An index
futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a specified
future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. The index futures
contract specifies that no delivery of the actual securities making up the index
will take place. Instead, settlement in cash must occur upon the termination of
the contract, with the settlement being the difference between the contract
price and the actual level of the index at the expiration of the contract.
At the time the Fund purchases a futures contract, an amount of cash, U.S.
government securities, or other highly liquid debt securities equal to the
market value of the contract will be deposited in a segregated account with the
Fund's custodian. When writing a futures contract, the Fund will maintain with
its custodian liquid assets that, when added to the amounts deposited with a
futures commission merchant or broker as margin, are equal to the market value
of the instruments underlying the contract. Alternatively, the Fund may "cover"
its position by owning the instruments underlying the contract or, in the case
of an index futures contract, owning a portfolio with a volatility substantially
similar to that of the index on which the futures contract is based, or holding
a call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a
price no higher than the price of the contract written by the Fund (or at a
higher price if the difference is maintained in liquid assets with the Fund's
custodian).
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES, INDICES AND FUTURES. The Fund may write covered put and
call options and purchase put and call options on securities, securities indices
and futures contracts that are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges and in the
over-the-counter markets.
An option on a security or a futures contract is a contract that gives the
purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy a
specified security or futures contract (in the case of a call option) or to sell
a specified security or futures contract (in the case of a put option) from or
to the writer of the option at a designated price during the term of the option.
An option on a securities index gives the purchaser of the option, in return for
the premium paid, the right to receive from the seller cash equal to the
difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the
option.
The Fund may write a call or put option only if the option is "covered." A call
option on a security or futures contract written by the Fund is "covered" if the
Fund owns the underlying security or futures contract covered by the call or has
an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash
consideration (or for additional cash consideration held in a segregated account
by its custodian) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its
portfolio. A call option on a security or futures contract is also covered if
the Fund holds a call on the same security or futures contract and in the same
principal amount as the call written where the exercise price of the call held
(a) is equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written or (b) is
greater than the exercise price of the call written if the difference is
maintained by the Fund in cash or high grade U.S. government securities in a
segregated account with its custodian. A put option on a security or futures
contract written by the Fund is "covered" if the Fund maintains cash or
fixed-income securities with a value equal to the exercise price in a segregated
account with its custodian, or else holds a put on the same security or futures
contract and in the same principal amount as the put written where the exercise
price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put
written.
The Fund will cover call options on securities indices that it writes by owning
securities whose price changes, in the opinion of Investment Counsel, are
expected to be similar to those of the index, or in such other manner as may be
in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the option is traded and
applicable laws and regulations. Nevertheless, where the Fund covers a call
option on a securities index through ownership of securities, such securities
may not match the composition of the index. In that event, the Fund will not be
fully covered and could be subject to risk of loss in the event of adverse
changes in the value of the index. The Fund will cover put options on securities
indices that it writes by segregating assets equal to the option's exercise
price, or in such other manner as may be in accordance with the rules of the
exchange on which the option is traded and applicable laws and regulations.
The Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option, which
increases its gross income in the event the option expires unexercised or is
closed out at a profit. If the value of a security, index or futures contract on
which the Fund has written a call option falls or remains the same, the Fund
will realize a profit in the form of the premium received (less transaction
costs) that could offset all or a portion of any decline in the value of the
portfolio securities being hedged. If the value of the underlying security,
index or futures contract rises, however, the Fund will realize a loss in its
call option position, which will reduce the benefit of any unrealized
appreciation in its investments. By writing a put option, the Fund assumes the
risk of a decline in the underlying security, index or futures contract. To the
extent that the price changes of the portfolio securities being hedged correlate
with changes in the value of the underlying security, index or futures contract,
writing covered put options will increase the Fund's losses in the event of a
market decline, although such losses will be offset in part by the premium
received for writing the option.
The Fund may also purchase put options to hedge its investments against a
decline in value. By purchasing a put option, the Fund will seek to offset a
decline in the value of the portfolio securities being hedged through
appreciation of the put option. If the value of the Fund's investments does not
decline as anticipated, or if the value of the option does not increase, the
Fund's loss will be limited to the premium paid for the option plus related
transaction costs. The success of this strategy will depend, in part, on the
accuracy of the correlation between the changes in value of the underlying
security, index or futures contract and the changes in value of the Fund's
security holdings being hedged.
The Fund may purchase call options on individual securities or futures contracts
to hedge against an increase in the price of securities or futures contracts
that it anticipates purchasing in the future. Similarly, the Fund may purchase
call options on a securities index to attempt to reduce the risk of missing a
broad market advance, or an advance in an industry or market segment, at a time
when the Fund holds uninvested cash or short-term debt securities awaiting
investment. When purchasing call options, the Fund will bear the risk of losing
all or a portion of the premium paid if the value of the underlying security,
index or futures contract does not rise.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to
close out an option position. Trading could be interrupted, for example, because
of supply and demand imbalances arising from a lack of either buyers or sellers,
or the options exchange could suspend trading after the price has risen or
fallen more than the maximum specified by the exchange. Although the Fund may be
able to offset to some extent any adverse effects of being unable to liquidate
an option position, it may experience losses in some cases as a result of such
inability. The value of over-the-counter options purchased by the Fund, as well
as the cover for options written by the Fund, are considered not readily
marketable and are subject to the Fund's limitation on investments in securities
that are not readily marketable. See "Investment Restrictions."
FOREIGN CURRENCY HEDGING TRANSACTIONS. In order to hedge against foreign
currency exchange rate risks, the Fund may enter into forward foreign currency
exchange contracts and foreign currency futures contracts, as well as purchase
put or call options on foreign currencies, as described below. The Fund may also
conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions on a spot (I.E., cash) basis
at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market.
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts ("forward
contracts") to attempt to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in
the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. A forward
contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency for an agreed
price at a future date which is individually negotiated and privately traded by
currency traders and their customers. The Fund may enter into a forward
contract, for example, when it enters into a contract for the purchase or sale
of a security denominated in a foreign currency in order to "lock in" the U.S.
dollar price of the security. In addition, for example, when the Fund believes
that a foreign currency may suffer or enjoy a substantial movement against
another currency, it may enter into a forward contract to sell an amount of the
former foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio
securities denominated in such foreign currency. This second investment practice
is generally referred to as "cross-hedging." Because in connection with the
Fund's forward foreign currency transactions, an amount of its assets equal to
the amount of the purchase will be held aside or segregated to be used to pay
for the commitment, the Fund will always have cash, cash equivalents or high
quality debt securities available in an amount sufficient to cover any
commitments under these contracts or to limit any potential risk. The segregated
account will be marked-to-market on a daily basis. While these contracts are not
presently regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"), the
CFTC may in the future assert authority to regulate forward contracts. In such
event, the Fund's ability to utilize forward contracts in the manner set forth
above may be restricted. Forward contracts may limit potential gain from a
positive change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign
currencies. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in poorer
overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in such contracts.
The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on foreign currencies for
the purpose of protecting against declines in the dollar value of foreign
portfolio securities and against increases in the dollar cost of foreign
securities to be acquired. As is the case with other kinds of options, however,
the writing of an option on foreign currency will constitute only a partial
hedge up to the amount of the premium received, and the Fund could be required
to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates,
thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on foreign currency may
constitute an effective hedge against fluctuation in exchange rates, although,
in the event of rate movements adverse to its position, the Fund may forfeit the
entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs. Options on foreign
currencies to be written or purchased by the Fund will be traded on U.S. and
foreign exchanges or over-the-counter.
The Fund may enter into exchange-traded contracts for the purchase or sale for
future delivery of foreign currencies ("foreign currency futures"). This
investment technique will be used only to hedge against anticipated future
changes in exchange rates which otherwise might adversely affect the value of
the Fund's portfolio securities or adversely affect the prices of securities
that the Fund intends to purchase at a later date. The successful use of foreign
currency futures will usually depend on the ability of Investment Counsel to
forecast currency exchange rate movements correctly. Should exchange rates move
in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of
foreign currency futures or may realize losses.
WHAT ARE THE FUND'S POTENTIAL RISKS?
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund's concentration of its investments in Japan means the Fund will be more
dependent on the investment considerations discussed below and may be more
volatile than a fund which is broadly diversified geographically.
Additional factors relating to Japan include the following:
In the past, Japan has experienced earthquakes and tidal waves of varying
degrees of severity, and the risks of such phenomena, and damage resulting
therefrom, continue to exist. Japan also has one of the world's highest
population densities. Approximately 45% of the total population of Japan is
concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya.
Since the end of World War II, Japan has experienced significant economic
development and among the free industrial nations of the world is second only to
the U.S. in terms of gross national product ("GNP"). During the years of high
economic growth in the 1960's and early 1970's, the expansion was based on the
development of heavy industries such as steel and shipbuilding. In the 1970's
Japan moved into assembly industries which employ high levels of technology and
consume relatively low quantities of resources, and since then has become a
major producer of electrical and electronic products and automobiles. Since the
mid-1980's Japan has become a major creditor nation, with extensive trade
surpluses. With the exception of periods associated with the oil crises of 1974
and 1978, Japan has generally experienced very low levels of inflation. There
is, of course, no guarantee these favorable trends will continue.
The government of Japan has called for a transformation of the economy away from
its high dependency on export-led growth towards greater stimulation of the
domestic economy. In addition, there has been a move toward more economic
liberalization and discounting in the consumer sector. These shifts have already
begun to take place and may cause disruption in the Japanese economy.
Japan's economy is a market economy in which industry and commerce are
predominantly privately owned and operated. However, the Japanese Government is
involved in establishing and meeting objectives for developing the economy and
improving the standard of living of the Japanese people.
Japan has historically depended on oil for most of its energy requirements.
Almost all of its oil is imported, with the majority imported from the Middle
East. In the past, oil prices have had a major impact on the domestic economy,
but more recently Japan has worked to reduce its dependence on oil by
encouraging energy conservation and use of alternative fuels. In addition, a
restructuring of industry, with emphasis shifting from basic industries to
processing and assembly-type industries, has contributed to the reduction of oil
consumption.
However, there is no guarantee this favorable trend will continue.
Overseas trade is important to Japan's economy. Japan has few natural resources
and must export to pay for its imports of these basic requirements. Japan's
principal export markets are the U.S., Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany,
Australia, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China. The
principal sources of its imports are the U.S., South East Asia and the Middle
East. Because of the concentration of Japanese exports in highly visible
products such as automobiles, machine tools and semiconductors and the large
trade surpluses ensuing therefrom, Japan has had difficult relations with its
trading partners, particularly the U.S., where the trade imbalance is the
greatest. It is possible trade sanctions or other protectionist measures could
impact Japan adversely in both the short- and long-term.
Although under normal circumstances at least 80% of the Fund's assets will be
invested in equity securities of Japanese issuers, the Fund has the right to
purchase securities in any foreign country, developed or developing. You should
consider carefully the substantial risks involved in securities of companies and
governments of foreign nations, including Japan, which are in addition to the
usual risks inherent in domestic investments.
There may be less publicly available information about foreign companies
comparable to the reports and ratings published about companies in the U.S.
Foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting or financial
reporting standards, and auditing practices and requirements may not be
comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. The Fund, therefore, may
encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its
portfolio and calculating its Net Asset Value. Foreign markets have
substantially less volume than the NYSE and securities of some foreign companies
are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies.
The Tokyo Stock Exchange has a large volume of trading and Investment Counsel
believes that securities of companies traded in Japan are generally as liquid as
securities of comparable U.S. companies. Commission rates in foreign countries,
which are generally fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are
likely to be higher. In many foreign countries there is less government
supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies than
in the U.S.
Investments in companies domiciled in developing countries may be subject to
potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries. These risks
include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) the small
current size of the markets for such securities and the currently low or
nonexistent volume of trading, which result in a lack of liquidity and in
greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the
Fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers
or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation; (v)
the absence of developed structures governing private or foreign investment or
allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (vi) the absence,
until recently in certain Eastern European countries, of a capital market
structure or market-oriented economy; and (vii) the possibility that recent
favorable economic developments in Eastern Europe may be slowed or reversed by
unanticipated political or social events in such countries.
In addition, many countries in which the Fund may invest have experienced
substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many
years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of
certain countries. Moreover, the economies of some developing countries may
differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth
of gross domestic products, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Investments in Eastern European countries may involve risks of nationalization,
expropriation and confiscatory taxation. The Communist governments of a number
of Eastern European countries expropriated large amounts of private property in
the past, in many cases without adequate compensation, and there can be no
assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future. In the event of
such expropriation, the Fund could lose a substantial portion of any investments
it has made in the affected countries. Further, no accounting standards exist in
Eastern European countries. Finally, even though certain Eastern European
currencies may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion rates may be
artificial to the actual market values and may be adverse to the Fund.
Investing in Russian securities involves a high degree of risk and special
considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities
markets, and should be considered highly speculative. Such risks include: (1)
delays in settling portfolio transactions and risk of loss arising out of
Russia's system of share registration and custody; (2) the risk that it may be
impossible or more difficult than in other countries to obtain and/or enforce a
judgment; (3) pervasiveness of corruption and crime in the Russian economic
system; (4) currency exchange rate volatility and the lack of available currency
hedging instruments; (5) higher rates of inflation (including the risk of social
unrest associated with periods of hyper-inflation); (6) controls on foreign
investment and local practices disfavoring foreign investors and limitations on
repatriation of invested capital, profits and dividends, and on the Fund's
ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (7) the risk that the
government of Russia or other executive or legislative bodies may decide not to
continue to support the economic reform programs implemented since the
dissolution of the Soviet Union and could follow radically different political
and/or economic policies to the detriment of investors, including
non-market-oriented policies such as the support of certain industries at the
expense of other sectors or investors, or a return to the centrally planned
economy that existed prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union; (8) the
financial condition of Russian companies, including large amounts of
inter-company debt which may create a payments crisis on a national scale; (9)
dependency on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade;
(10) the risk that the Russian tax system will not be reformed to prevent
inconsistent, retroactive and/or exorbitant taxation; and (11) possible
difficulty in identifying a purchaser of securities held by the Fund due to the
underdeveloped nature of the securities markets.
There is little historical data on Russian securities markets because they are
relatively new and a substantial proportion of securities transactions in Russia
are privately negotiated outside of stock exchanges. Because of the recent
formation of the securities markets as well as the underdeveloped state of the
banking and telecommunications systems, settlement, clearing and registration of
securities transactions are subject to significant risks. Ownership of shares
(except where shares are held through depositories that meet the requirements of
the 1940 Act) is defined according to entries in the company's share register
and normally evidenced by extracts from the register or by formal share
certificates. However, there is no central registration system for shareholders
and these services are carried out by the companies themselves or by registrars
located throughout Russia. These registrars are not necessarily subject to
effective state supervision and it is possible for the Fund to lose its
registration through fraud, negligence or even mere oversight. While the Fund
will endeavor to ensure that its interest continues to be appropriately recorded
either itself or through a custodian or other agent inspecting the share
register and by obtaining extracts of share registers through regular
confirmations, these extracts have no legal enforceability and it is possible
that subsequent illegal amendment or other fraudulent act may deprive the Fund
of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its interests. In addition, while
applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses
resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce any
rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the
event of loss of share registration. Furthermore, although a Russian public
enterprise with more than 1,000 shareholders is required by law to contract out
the maintenance of its shareholder register to an independent entity that meets
certain criteria, in practice this regulation has not always been strictly
enforced. Because of this lack of independence, management of a company may be
able to exert considerable influence over who can purchase and sell the
company's shares by illegally instructing the registrar to refuse to record
transactions in the share register. This practice may prevent the Fund from
investing in the securities of certain Russian issues deemed suitable by
Investment Counsel. Further, this also could cause a delay in the sale of
Russian securities by the Fund if a potential purchaser is deemed unsuitable,
which may expose the Fund to potential loss on the investment.
The Fund endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a basis as
practicable. Some price spread on currency exchange (to cover service charges)
may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from one country
to another or when proceeds of the sale of shares in U.S. dollars are used for
the purchase of securities in foreign countries. Also, some countries may adopt
policies which would prevent the Fund from transferring cash out of the country
or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source. There is the
possibility of cessation of trading on national exchanges, expropriation,
nationalization or confiscatory taxation, withholding and other foreign taxes on
income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may include suspension
of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), default in foreign
government securities, political or social instability, or diplomatic
developments which could affect investments in securities of issuers in foreign
nations.
The Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the
relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations, by
exchange control regulations and by indigenous economic and political
developments. Some countries in which the Fund may invest may also have fixed or
managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further,
certain currencies may not be internationally traded. Certain of these
currencies have experienced a steady devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar.
Any devaluations in the currencies in which the Fund's portfolio securities are
denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund. Through the flexible
policy of the Fund, Investment Counsel endeavors to avoid unfavorable
consequences and to take advantage of favorable developments in particular
nations where from time to time it places the Fund's investments.
The exercise of this flexible policy may include decisions to purchase
securities with substantial risk characteristics and other decisions such as
changing the emphasis on investments from one nation to another and from one
type of security to another. Some of these decisions may later prove profitable
and others may not. No assurance can be given that profits, if any, will exceed
losses.
The Board considers at least annually the likelihood of the imposition by any
foreign government of exchange control restrictions which would affect the
liquidity of the Fund's assets maintained with custodians in foreign countries,
as well as the degree of risk from political acts of foreign governments to
which such assets may be exposed. The Board also considers the degree of risk
involved through the holding of portfolio securities in domestic and foreign
securities depositories (see "Investment Management and Other Services").
However, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on
the part of Investment Counsel, any losses resulting from the holding of
portfolio securities in foreign countries and/or with securities depositories
will be at the risk of the shareholders. No assurance can be given that the
Board's appraisal of the risks will always be correct or that such exchange
control restrictions or political acts of foreign governments will not occur.
The Fund's ability to reduce or eliminate its futures and related options
positions will depend upon the liquidity of the secondary markets for such
futures and options. The Fund intends to purchase or sell futures and related
options only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active
secondary market, but there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will
exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. Use of futures and
options for hedging may involve risks because of imperfect correlations between
movements in the prices of the futures or options and movements in the prices of
the securities being hedged. Successful use of futures and related options by
the Fund for hedging purposes also depends upon Investment Counsel's ability to
predict correctly movements in the direction of the market, as to which no
assurance can be given.
There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities
indices. For example, there are significant differences between the securities
and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these
markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. A decision
as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and
judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some
degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. There can be no
assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an
option position. If the Fund were unable to close out an option that it had
purchased on a securities index, it would have to exercise the option in order
to realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. If trading were
suspended in an option purchased by the Fund, it would not be able to close out
the option. If restrictions on exercise were imposed, the Fund might be unable
to exercise an option it has purchased. Except to the extent that a call option
on an index written by the Fund is covered by an option on the same index
purchased by the Fund, movements in the index may result in a loss to the Fund;
however, such losses may be mitigated by changes in the value of the Fund's
securities during the period the option was outstanding.
Additional risks may be involved with the Fund's special investment techniques,
including loans of portfolio securities and borrowing for investment purposes.
These risks are described under the heading "What Are the Fund's Potential
Risks?" in the Prospectus.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies. These
restrictions may not be changed without the approval of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, this means the
approval of (i) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund or (ii) 67%
or more of the shares of the Fund present at a shareholder meeting if more than
50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are represented at the meeting in
person or by proxy, whichever is less.
The Fund MAY NOT:
1. Invest in real estate or mortgages on real estate (although the Fund may
invest in marketable securities secured by real estate or interests
therein); invest in other open-end investment companies (except in
connection with a merger, consolidation, acquisition or reorganization);
invest in interests (other than publicly issued debentures or equity stock
interests) in oil, gas or other mineral exploration or development
programs; or purchase or sell commodity contracts (except futures contracts
as described in the Fund's Prospectus).
2. Purchase any security (other than obligations of the U.S. government, its
agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, as to 75% of the Fund's
total assets (a) more than 5% of the Fund's total assets would then be
invested in securities of any single issuer, or (b) the Fund would then own
more than 10% of the voting securities of any single issuer.
3. Act as an underwriter; issue senior securities except as set forth in
investment restriction 6 below; or purchase on margin or sell short, except
that the Fund may make margin payments in connection with futures, options
and currency transactions.
4. Loan money, except that the Fund may (a) purchase a portion of an issue of
publicly distributed bonds, debentures, notes and other evidences of
indebtedness, (b) enter into repurchase agreements and (c) lend its
portfolio securities.
5. Borrow money, except that the Fund may borrow money from banks in an amount
not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the
amount borrowed).
6. Mortgage, pledge or hypothecate its assets (except as may be necessary in
connection with permitted borrowings) provided, however, this does not
prohibit escrow, collateral or margin arrangements in connection with its
use of options, futures contracts and options on futures contracts.
7. Invest more than 25% of its total assets in a single industry. For purposes
of this restriction, (a) a foreign government is considered to be an
industry, and (b) all supra-national entities, in the aggregate, are
considered to be an industry.
8. Participate on a joint or a joint and several basis in any trading account
in securities. (See "How Does the Fund Buy Securities for its Portfolio?"
as to transactions in the same securities for the Fund, other clients
and/or other mutual funds within the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.)
If the Fund receives from an issuer of securities held by the Fund subscription
rights to purchase securities of that issuer, and if the Fund exercises such
subscription rights at a time when the Fund's portfolio holdings of securities
of that issuer would otherwise exceed the limits set forth in Investment
Restrictions 2 or 7 above, it will not constitute a violation if, prior to
receipt of securities upon exercise of such rights, and after announcement of
such rights, the Fund has sold at least as many securities of the same class and
value as it would receive on exercise of such rights.
ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS. The Fund has adopted the following additional
restrictions which are not fundamental and which may be changed without
shareholder approval, to the extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or
regulatory policy. Under these restrictions, the Fund MAY NOT:
1. Purchase or retain securities of any company in which trustees or officers
of the Fund or of Investment Counsel, individually owning more than 1/2 of
1% of the securities of such company, in the aggregate own morE than 5% of
the securities of such company.
2. Invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of
issuers which have been in continuous operation less than three years.
3. Invest more than 5% of its net assets in warrants whether or not listed on
the NYSE or American Stock Exchange, and more than 2% of its net assets in
warrants that are not listed on those exchanges. Warrants acquired in units
or attached to securities are not included in this restriction.
4. Purchase or sell real estate limited partnership interests.
5.Purchase or sell interests in oil, gas and mineral leases (other than
securities of companies that invest in or sponsor such programs).
6. Invest in any company for the purpose of exercising control or management.
7. Purchase more than 10% of a company's outstanding voting securities.
8. Invest more than 15% of the Fund's total assets in securities that are not
readily marketable (including repurchase agreements maturing in more than
seven days and over-the-counter options purchased by the Fund), including
no more than 10% of its total assets in restricted securities. Rule 144A
securities are not subject to the 10% limitation on restricted securities,
although the Fund will limit its investment in all restricted securities,
including 144A securities, to 15% of its total assets.
9. Invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of
issuers domiciled in Eastern Europe and in non-European members of the
Commonwealth of Independent States.
If a percentage restriction is met at the time of investment, a later increase
or decrease in the percentage due to a change in the value or liquidity of
portfolio securities or the amount of assets will not be considered a violation
of any of the foregoing restrictions.
OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES
The Board has the responsibility for the overall management of the Fund,
including general supervision and review of its investment activities. The
Board, in turn, elects the officers of the Fund who are responsible for
administering the Fund's day-to-day operations. The affiliations of the officers
and Board members and their principal occupations for the past five years are
shown below. Members of the Board who are considered *).terested persons" of the
Fund under the 1940 Act are indicated by an asterisk (
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
<S> <C> <C>
HARRIS J. ASHTON Trustee Chairman of the board, president, and chief executive
Metro Center officer of General Host Corporation (nursery and craft
1 Station Place centers); and a director of RBC Holdings
Stamford, Connecticut (U.S.A.) Inc. (a bank holding company) and Bar-S Foods;
Age 65 and director or trustee of 53 of the investment companies
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
*NICHOLAS F. BRADY Trustee Chairman of Templeton Emerging Markets Investment Trust
The Bullitt House PLC; chairman of Templeton Latin America Investment Trust
102 East Dover Street PLC; chairman of Darby Overseas Investments, Ltd. (an
Easton, Maryland investment firm) (1994-present); chairman and director of
Age 67 Templeton Central and Eastern European Investment Company;
director of the Amerada Hess Corporation, Christiana
Companies, and the H.J. Heinz Company; formerly, Secretary
of the United States Department of the Treasury
(1988-1993) and chairman of the board of Dillon, Read &
Co. Inc. (investment banking) prior to 1988; and director
or trustee of 23 of the investment companies in the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
*MARTIN L. FLANAGAN Trustee and Vice Senior vice president, treasurer and chief
777 Mariners Island Blvd. President financial officer of Franklin Resources,
San Mateo, California Inc.; director and executive vice president of
Age 36 Templeton Worldwide, Inc.; and director,
executive vice president and chief
operating officer of Templeton Investment Counsel,
Inc.; senior vice president and treasurer of
Franklin Advisers, Inc.; treasurer of Franklin
Advisory Services, Inc.; treasurer and chief
financial officer of Franklin Investment
Advisory Services, Inc.; president of Franklin
Templeton Services, Inc.; senior vice president
of Franklin\Templeton Investor Services, Inc.;
and officer and/or director or trustee, as
the case may be, of 58 of the investment
companies in the Investment Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
S. JOSEPH FORTUNATO Trustee Member of the law firm of Pitney, Hardin, Kipp & Szuch;
200 Campus Drive and a director of General Host Corporation
Florham Park, New Jersey (nursery and craft centers); and director or trustee of
Age 65 55 of the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
JOHN Wm. GALBRAITH Trustee President of Galbraith Properties, Inc. (personal
360 Central Avenue investment company); director of Gulf West Banks, Inc.
Suite 1300 (bank holding company) (1995-present); formerly, director
St. Petersburg, Florida of Mercantile Bank (1991-1995); vice chairman of
Age 75 Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger Ltd. (1986-1992), and
chairman of Templeton Funds Management, Inc. (1974-1991);
and director or trustee of 22 of the investment companies
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
ANDREW H. HINES, JR. Trustee Consultant for the Triangle Consulting Group;
150 2nd Avenue N. executive-in-residence of Eckerd College (1991- present);
St. Petersburg, Florida formerly, chairman of the board and chief executive
Age 74 officer of Florida Progress Corporation (1982-
February 1990) and director of various of its
subsidiaries; and director or trustee of
24 of the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
EDITH E. HOLIDAY Trustee Director (1993-present) of Amerada Hess Corporation and
3239 38th Street, N.W. Hercules Incorporated; director of Beverly Enterprises,
Washington, D.C. Inc. (1995-present) and H.J. Heinz Company
Age 45 (1994-present); chairman (1995-present) and trustee
(1993-present) of National Child Research Center;
formerly, assistant to the President of the
United States and Secretary of the Cabinet
(1990-1993), general counsel to the United
States Treasury Department (1989-1990), and
counselor to the Secretary and Assistant Secretary
for Public Affairs and Public Liaison -
United States Treasury Department(1988-1989); and
director or trustee of 15 of the investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
*CHARLES B. JOHNSON Chairman of the President, chief executive officer, and director of
777 Mariners Island Blvd. Board and Vice Franklin Resources, Inc.; chairman of the board and
San Mateo, California President director of Franklin Advisers, Inc., Franklin Investment
Age 64 Advisory Services, Inc., Franklin Advisory Services, Inc.
and Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc.; director of
Franklin/Templeton Investor Services, Inc., Franklin
Templeton Services, Inc., General Host Corporation
(nursery and craft centers), and officer and/or director
or trustee, as the case may be, of most of the other
subsidiaries of Franklin Resources, Inc. of 54 the
of the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
*CHARLES E. JOHNSON Trustee and Senior vice president and director of Franklin Resources,
777 Mariners Island Blvd. President Inc.; senior vice president of Franklin Templeton
San Mateo, California Distributors, Inc.; president and director of Templeton
Age 41 Worldwide, Inc.; president, chief executive officer, chief
investment officer and director of Franklin Institutional
Services Corporation; chairman and director of Templeton
Investment Counsel, Inc.; vice president of Franklin
Advisers, Inc.; officer and/or director, of
some of the other subsidiaries of Franklin Resources,
Inc.; and officer and/or director or trustee, as the
case may be, of 37 of the investment companies in
the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
BETTY P. KRAHMER Trustee Director or trustee of various civic associations;
2201 Kentmere Parkway formerly, economic analyst, U.S. government; and director
Wilmington, Delaware or trustee of 23 of the investment companies in the
Age 68 Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
GORDON S. MACKLIN Trustee Chairman of White River Corporation (
8212 Burning Tree Road informationfinancial services); director of Fund American
Bethesda, Maryland Enterprises Holdings, Inc., MCI Communications Corporation,
Age 69 FusionCCC
Systems Corporation, Infovest Corporation, MedImmune, Inc.,
Source One Mortgage Services Corp., and Shoppers Express,
Inc. (on-line shopping service); and formerly held the
following positions: chairman of Hambrecht and Quist Group;
director of H&Q Healthcare Investors and Lockheed
Information Services Group, Inc. (information services),
MedImmune, Inc. (biotechnology), Shoppers Express, Inc.
(home shopping) and Spacehab, Inc. (aerospace technology);
formerly, chairman of Hambrecht and Quist Group, director
of H&Q Healthcare Investors,
Martin Corporation,and president of the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.; and director or
trustee of 50 of the investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
FRED R. MILLSAPS Trustee Manager of personal investments (1978-present); director
2665 N.E. 37th Drive of various business and nonprofit organizations; formerly,
Fort Lauderdale, Florida chairman and chief executive officer of Landmark Banking
Age 68 Corporation (1969- (1969-1978);1978), financial vice
president of Florida Power and Light (1965-1969);
and vice president of The Federal Reserve Bank of
Atlanta (1958-1965); and director or trustee of
24 of the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
RUPERT H. JOHNSON, JR. Vice President Executive vice president and director of Franklin
777 Mariners Island Blvd. Resources, Inc. and Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc.;
San Mateo, California president and director of Franklin Advisers, Inc.; senior
Age 56 vice president and director of Franklin Advisory Services,
Inc.; director of Franklin/Templeton Investor Services,
Inc.; and officer and/or director or trustee, as the case
may be, of most other subsidiaries of Franklin Resources,
Inc.; and 58 of the investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
HARMON E. BURNS Vice President Executive vice president, secretary and director of
777 Mariners Island Blvd. Franklin Resources, Inc.; executive vice president and
San Mateo, California director of Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc.and
Age 52 Franklin Templeton Services, Inc.; executive vice president
of Franklin Advisers, Inc.; director of Franklin/Templeton
Investor Services, Inc.; officer and/or director or
trustee, as the case may be, of other subsidiaries of
Franklin Resources, Inc. and 58 of the investment companies
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
<PAGE>
P
DEBORAH R. GATZEK Vice President Senior vice president and general counsel of
777 Mariners Island Blvd. Franklin Resources, Inc.; senior vice president of
San Mateo, California Franklin Templeton Services, Inc. and Franklin
Age 48 Templeton Distributors, Inc.; vice president of
Franklin Advisers, Inc. and Franklin Advisory
Services, Inc.; vice president, chief legal
officer and chief operating officer of Franklin
Investment Advisory Services Inc.; and officer
of 58 of the investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
MARK G. HOLOWESKO Vice President President and director of Templeton Global Advisors
Lyford Cay Limited; chief investment officer of global equity
Nassau, Bahamas research for Templeton Worldwide, Inc.; formerly,
Age 37 investment administrator with Roy West Trust Corporation
(Bahamas) Limited (1984-1985); and officer of 23 of the
investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds.
WILLIAM T. HOWARD, JR. Vice Presiden Vice president of Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc.;
500 East Broward Blvd. formerly, portfolio manager and analyst, Tennessee
Fort Lauderdale, Florida Consolidated Retirement System (1986-1993).
Age 39
JOHN R. KAY Vice President Vice president and treasurer of Templeton Worldwide,
500 East Broward Blvd. Inc.; assistant vice president of Franklin Templeton
Fort Lauderdale, Florida Distributors, Inc.; formerly, vice president and
Age 57 controller of the Keystone Group,
Inc.; and officer of 27 of the investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND OFFICES
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE WITH THE FUND PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
<S> <C> <C>
ELIZABETH M. KNOBLOCK Vice President - General counsel, secretary and a senior vice
500 East Broward Blvd. Compliance president of Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc.;
Fort Lauderdale,Florida formerly, vice president and associate general
Age 42 counsel of Kidder Peabody & Co. Inc. (1989-1990),
assistant general counsel of Gruntal & Co., Inc.
(1988), vice president and associate general counsel
of Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. (1988), vice president
and assistant general counsel of E.F. Hutton & Co.
Inc. (1986-1988), and special counsel of the Division
of Investment Management of the Securities and
Exchange Commission (1984-1986); and officer of 23 of
the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
JAMES R. BAIO Treasurer Certified public accountant; treasurer of Franklin
500 East Broward Blvd. Mutual Advisers, Inc.; senior vice president of
Fort Lauderdale, Florida Templeton Worldwide, Inc., Templeton Global Investors,
Age 43 Inc., and Templeton Funds Trust Company; formerly,
senior tax manager of Ernst & Young (certified public
accountants) (1977-1989); and treasurer of 24 of the
investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group
of Funds.
BARBARA J. GREEN Secretary Senior vice president of Templeton Worldwide, Inc.
500 East Broward Blvd. and an officer of other subsidiaries of Templeton
Fort Lauderdale, Florida Worldwide, Inc.; formerly, deputy director of the
Age 49 Division of Investment Management, executive
assistant and senior advisor to the chairman,
counsellor to the chairman, special counsel and
attorney fellow, U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (1986-1995); attorney, Rogers & Wells; and
judicial clerk, U.S. District Court (District of
Massachusetts); and secretary of 23 of the investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
* Nicholas F. Brady, Martin L. Flanagan, Charles E. Johnson and Charles B.
Johnson are "interested persons" of the Fund under the 1940 Act, which limits
the percentage of interested persons that can comprise a fund's board. Charles
B. Johnson is an interested person due to his ownership interest in Resources,
and Martin L. Flanagan and Charles E. Johnson are interested persons due to
their employment affiliations with Resources. Mr. Brady's status as an
interested person results from his business affiliations with Resources and
Templeton Global Advisors Limited. Mr. Brady and Resources are both limited
partners of Darby Overseas Partners, L.P. ("Darby Overseas"). Mr. Brady
established Darby Overseas in February 1994, and is Chairman and shareholder of
the corporate general partner of Darby Overseas. In addition, Darby Overseas and
Templeton Global Advisors Limited are limited partners of Darby Emerging Markets
Fund, L.P. The remaining Board members of the Fund are not interested persons
(the "independent members of the Board").
The table above shows the officers and Board members who are affiliated with
Distributors and Investment Counsel. Nonaffiliated members of the Board and Mr.
Brady are currently paid an annual retainer and/or fees for attendance at Board
and committee meetings. Currently, the Fund pays the nonaffiliated Board members
and Mr. Brady an annual retainer of $100, a fee of $0 per Board meeting, and its
portion of a flat fee of $2,000 for each audit committee meeting and/or
nominating and compensation committee meeting attended. As shown above, the
nonaffiliated Board members also serve as directors or trustees of other
investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. They may receive
fees from these funds for their services. The following table provides the total
fees paid to nonaffiliated Board members and Mr. Brady by the Fund and by other
funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TOTAL FEES RECEIVED NUMBER OF BOARDS IN
TOTAL FEES FROM THE FRANKLIN THE FRANKLIN TEMPLETON
RECEIVED TEMPLETON GROUP OF GROUP OF FUNDS ON WHICH
NAME FROM THE FUND (1) FUNDS(2) EACH SERVES(3)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Harris J. Ashton $100 $343,592 53
Nicholas F. Brady 100 119,275 23
S. Joseph Fortunato 100 360,412 55
John Wm. Galbraith 113 102,475 22
Andrew H. Hines, Jr. 113 130,525 24
Edith E. Holiday(4) 50 15,450 15
Betty P. Krahmer 100 119,275 23
Gordon S. Macklin 100 335,542 50
Fred R. Millsaps 113 130,525 24
</TABLE>
1 For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997.
2 For the calendar year ended December 31, 1996.
3 We base the number of boards on the number of registeredinvestment companies
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. This number does not include the total
number of series or funds within each investment company for which the Board
members are responsible. The Franklin Templeton Group of Funds currently
includes 59 registered investment companies, with approximately 170 U.S. based
funds or series.
4 Ms. Holiday was elected to the Board on December 3, 1996.
Nonaffiliated members of the Board and Mr. Brady are reimbursed for expenses
incurred in connection with attending board meetings, paid pro rata by each fund
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds for which they serve as director or
trustee. No officer or Board member received any other compensation, including
pension or retirement benefits, directly or indirectly from the Fund or other
funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. Certain officers or Board
members who are shareholders of Resources may be deemed to receive indirect
remuneration by virtue of their participation, if any, in the fees paid to its
subsidiaries.
As of July 2, 1997, the officers and Board members, as a group, owned of record
and beneficially the following shares of the Fund: approximately 47 Class I
shares and 35 Advisor Class shares, or less than 1% of the total outstanding
Class I and Advisor Class shares of the Fund. Many of the Board members also own
shares in other funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. Charles B.
Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are brothers and the father and uncle,
respectively, of Charles E. Johnson.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES
INVESTMENT MANAGER AND
SERVICES PROVIDED. The Fund's investment manager is Investment Counsel.
Investment Counsel provides investment research and portfolio management
services, including the selection of securities for the Fund to buy, hold or
sell and the selection of brokers through whom the Fund's portfolio transactions
are executed. Investment Counsel's activities are subject to the review and
supervision of the Board to whom Investment Counsel renders periodic reports of
the Fund's investment activities. Investment Counsel and its officers, directors
and employees are covered by fidelity insurance for the protection of the Fund.
Investment Counsel and its affiliates act as investment manager to numerous
other investment companies and accounts. Investment Counsel may give advice and
take action with respect to any of the other funds it manages, or for its own
account, that may differ from action taken by Investment Counsel on behalf of
the Fund. Similarly, with respect to the Fund, Investment Counsel is not
obligated to recommend, buy or sell, or to refrain from recommending, buying or
selling any security that Investment Counsel and access persons, as defined by
the 1940 Act, may buy or sell for its or their own account or for the accounts
of any other fund. Investment Counsel is not obligated to refrain from investing
in securities held by the Fund or other funds that it manages. Of course, any
transactions for the accounts of Investment Counsel and other access persons
will be made in compliance with the Fund's Code of Ethics. Please see
"Miscellaneous Information - Summary of Code of Ethics."
MANAGEMENT FEES. Under its management agreement, the Fund pays Investment
Counsel a monthly fee equal to an annual rate of 0.75%. The fee is computed at
the close of business on the last business day of each month. Each class of the
Fund pays its proportionate share of the management fee.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 1997, 1996 and for the period from July 28,
1994 (commencement of operations) to March 31, 1995, management fees, before any
advance waiver, totaled $49,723, $29,228 and $4,738, respectively. Under an
Counsel to waive its fees, the Fund paid no ($0) management fees for the same
periods. After July 31, 1998, this agreement may end at any time upon notice to
the Board.
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT. The management agreement is in effect until August 1,
1998. It may continue in effect for successive annual periods if its continuance
is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Board or by a vote
of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities, and in
either event by a majority vote of the Board members who are not parties to the
management agreement or interested persons of any such party (other than as
members of the Board), cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. The
management agreement may be terminated without penalty at any time by the Board
or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting
securities, or by Investment Counsel on 60 days' written notice, and will
automatically terminate in the event of its assignment, as defined in the 1940
Act.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES. Since October 1, 1996, FT Services has provided certain
administrative services and facilities for the Fund. Prior to that date,
Templeton Global Investors, Inc. provided the same services to the Fund. These
include preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports,
and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements. FT Services is a wholly
owned subsidiary of Resources.
Under its administration agreement, the Fund pays FT Services a monthly
administration fee equal to an annual rate of 0.15% of the Fund's average daily
net assets up to $200 million, 0.135% of average daily net assets over $200
million up to $700 million, 0.10% of average daily net assets over $700 million
up to $1.2 billion, and 0.075% of average daily net assets over $1.2 billion.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 1997 and 1996, and for the period from July
28, 1994 (commencement of operations) to March 31, 1995, administration fees,
before any advance waiver, totaled $9,942, $5,840 and $941, respectively. Under
an agreement by the administrators to waive their fees, the Fund paid no ($0)
administration fees for the same periods.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENT. Investor Services, a wholly owned subsidiary of
Resources, is the Fund's shareholder servicing agent and acts as the Fund's
transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Investor Services is compensated on
the basis of a fixed fee per account. The Fund may also reimburse Investor
Services for certain out-of-pocket expenses, which may include payments by
Investor Services to entities, including affiliated entities, that provide
sub-shareholder services, recordkeeping and/or transfer agency services to
beneficial owners of the Fund. The amount of reimbursements for these services
per benefit plan participant Fund account per year may not exceed the per
account fee payable by the Fund to Investor Services in connection with
maintaining shareholder accounts.
CUSTODIAN. The Chase Manhattan Bank, at its principal office at MetroTech
Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11245, and at the offices of its branches and
agencies throughout the world, acts as custodian of the Fund's assets. The
custodian does not participate in decisions relating to the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities.
AUDITORS. McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10017,
are the Fund's independent auditors. During the fiscal year ended March 31,
1997, their auditing services consisted of rendering an opinion on the financial
statements of the Fund included in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders for
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, and review of the Fund's filings with the
SEC.
HOW DOES THE FUND BUY SECURITIES FOR ITS PORTFOLIO?
Investment Counsel selects brokers and dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio
transactions in accordance with criteria set forth in the management agreement
and any directions that the Board may give.
When placing a portfolio transaction, Investment Counsel seeks to obtain prompt
execution of orders at the most favorable net price. For portfolio transactions
on a securities exchange, the amount of commission paid by the Fund is
negotiated between Investment Counsel and the broker executing the transaction.
The determination and evaluation of the reasonableness of the brokerage
commissions paid are based to a large degree on the professional opinions of the
persons responsible for placement and review of the transactions. These opinions
are based on the experience of these individuals in the securities industry and
information available to them about the level of commissions being paid by other
institutional investors of comparable size. Investment Counsel will ordinarily
place orders to buy and sell over-the-counter securities on a principal rather
than agency basis with a principal market maker unless, in the opinion of
Investment Counsel, a better price and execution can otherwise be obtained.
Purchases of portfolio securities from underwriters will include a commission or
concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers
will include a spread between the bid and ask price.
Investment Counsel may pay certain brokers commissions that are higher than
those another broker may charge, if Investment Counsel determines in good faith
that the amount paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research services it receives. This may be viewed in terms of either the
particular transaction or Investment Counsel's overall responsibilities to
client accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The services that
brokers may provide to Investment Counsel include, among others, supplying
information about particular companies, markets, countries, or local, regional,
national or transnational economies, statistical data, quotations and other
securities pricing information, and other information that provides lawful and
appropriate assistance to Investment Counsel in carrying out its investment
advisory responsibilities. These services may not always directly benefit the
Fund. They must, however, be of value to Investment Counsel in carrying out its
overall responsibilities to its clients.
It is not possible to place a dollar value on the special executions or on the
research services Investment Counsel receives from dealers effecting
transactions in portfolio securities. The allocation of transactions in order to
obtain additional research services permits Investment Counsel to supplement its
own research and analysis activities and to receive the views and information of
individuals and research staffs of other securities firms. As long as it is
lawful and appropriate to do so, Investment Counsel and its affiliates may use
this research and data in their investment advisory capacities with other
clients. If the Fund's officers are satisfied that the best execution is
obtained, the sale of Fund shares, as well as shares of other funds in the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds, may also be considered a factor in the
selection of broker-dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions.
Brokerage commissions for transactions in securities listed on the Tokyo Stock
Exchange and other Japanese securities exchanges are fixed and are calculated
based on table. The following percentage points shall be applied to the purchase
and sales proceeds to each trade in stocks, warrants and subscription rights*.
Other fixed rates apply to transactions in bond (convertible and
non-convertible) and bonds with warrants.
AMOUNT OF PURCHASE/SALES
PROCEEDS
COST AS A PERCENTAGE OF TRADE
PROCEEDS
One million yen or
less
1.150%
Over (yen) 1 million (yen) 5 million 0.900% + (yen) 2,500 Over (yen) 5 million
(yen) 10 million 0.700% + (yen) 12,500 Over (yen) 10 million (yen) 30 million
0.575% + (yen) 25,000 Over (yen) 30 million (yen) 50 million 0.375% + (yen)
85,000 Over (yen) 50 million - (yen) 100 million 0.225% + (yen) 160,000 Over
(yen) 100 million - (yen) 300 million 0.200% + (yen) 185,000 Over (yen) 300
million - (yen) 500 million 0.125% + (yen) 410,000 Over (yen) 500 million (yen)
1 billion 0.100% + (yen) 535,000 Over (yen) 1 billion
Stocks: negotiable
(minimum (yen) 1,535,000)
Others: 0.075% + (yen)
785,000
* Minimum amount of brokerage
commission required is 2,500
yen for every trade.
Under the current regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Japanese
Ministry of Finance, member and non-member firms of Japanese exchanges are
required to charge full commissions to all customers other than banks and
certain financial institutions, but members and licensed non-member firms may
confirm transactions to banks and financial institution affiliates located
outside Japan with institutional discounts on brokerage commissions. The Fund
shall avail itself of institutional discounts, if the transactions are executed
through such banks and financial institutions. Currently, the Fund is entitled
to receive such discount and the amount of brokerage commission is 80% of the
full commission. There can be no assurance that the Fund will continue to
realize the benefit of discounts from fixed commissions.
Because Distributors is a member of the NASD, it may sometimes receive certain
fees when the Fund tenders portfolio securities pursuant to a tender-offer
solicitation. As a means of recapturing brokerage for the benefit of the Fund,
any portfolio securities tendered by the Fund will be tendered through
Distributors if it is legally permissible to do so. In turn, the next management
fee payable to Investment Counsel will be reduced by the amount of any fees
received by Distributors in cash, less any costs and expenses incurred in
connection with the tender.
If purchases or sales of securities of the Fund and one or more other investment
companies or clients supervised by Investment Counsel are considered at or about
the same time, transactions in these securities will be allocated among the
several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all by
Investment Counsel, taking into account the respective sizes of the funds and
the amount of securities to be purchased or sold. In some cases this procedure
could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as
the Fund is concerned. In other cases it is possible that the ability to
participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions
will be beneficial to the Fund.
During the fiscal years ended March 31, 1997 and 1996, and for the period from
July 28, 1994 (commencement of operations) to March 31, 1995, the Fund paid
brokerage commissions totaling $17,297, $52,000 and $6,000, respectively.
As of March 31, 997, the Fund did not own securities of its regular
broker-dealers.
HOW DO I BUY, SELL AND EXCHANGE SHARES?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON BUYING SHARES
The Fund continuously offers its shares through Securities Dealers who have an
agreement with Distributors. Securities Dealers may at times receive the entire
sales charge. A Securities Dealer who receives 90% or more of the sales charge
may be deemed an underwriter under the 1933 Act.
Securities laws of states where the Fund offers its shares may differ from
federal law. Banks and financial institutions that sell shares of the Fund may
be required by state law to register as Securities Dealers. Financial
institutions or their affiliated brokers may receive an agency transaction fee
in the percentages indicated in the table under "How Do I Buy Shares? - Quantity
Discounts" in the Prospectus.
When you buy shares, if you submit a check or a draft that is returned unpaid to
the Fund we may impose a $10 charge against your account for each returned item.
Under agreements with certain banks in Taiwan, Republic of China, the Fund's
shares are available to these banks' trust accounts without a sales charge. The
banks may charge service fees to their customers who participate in the trusts.
A portion of these service fees may be paid to Distributors or one of its
affiliates to help defray expenses of maintaining a service office in Taiwan,
including expenses related to local literature fulfillment and communication
facilities.
Class I shares of the Fund may be offered to investors in Taiwan through
securities advisory firms known locally as Securities Investment Consulting
Enterprises. In conformity with local business practices in Taiwan, Class I
shares may be offered with the following schedule of sales charges:
SIZE OF PURCHASE - U.S. DOLLARS SALES CHARGE
- ------------------------------- ------------
Under $30,000 3.0%
$30,000 but less than $50,000 2.5%
$50,000 but less than $100,000 2.0%
$100,000 but less than $200,000 1.5%
$200,000 but less than $400,000 1.0%
$400,000 or more 0%
OTHER PAYMENTS TO SECURITIES DEALERS. Distributors may pay the following
commissions, out of its own resources, to Securities Dealers who initiate and
are responsible for purchases of Class I shares of $1 million or more: 1% on
sales of $1 million to $2 million, plus 0.80% on sales over $2 million to $3
million, plus 0.50% on sales over $3 million to $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales
over $50 million to $100 million, plus 0.15% on sales over $100 million.
Either Distributors or one of its affiliates may pay the following amounts, out
of its own resources, to Securities Dealers who initiate and are responsible for
purchases of Class I shares by certain retirement plans without a front-end
sales charge, as discussed in the Prospectus: 1% on sales of $500,000 to $2
million, plus 0.80% on sales over $2 million to $3 million, plus 0.50% on sales
over $3 million to $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales over $50 million to $100
million, plus 0.15% on sales over $100 million. Distributors may make these
payments in the form of contingent advance payments, which may be recovered from
the Securities Dealer or set off against other payments due to the dealer if
shares are sold within 12 months of the calendar month of purchase. Other
conditions may apply. All terms and conditions may be imposed by an agreement
between Distributors, or one of its affiliates, and the Securities Dealer.
These breakpoints are reset every 12 months for purposes of additional
purchases.
Distributors and/or its affiliates provide financial support to various
Securities Dealers that sell shares of the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
This support is based primarily on the amount of sales of fund shares. The
amount of support may be affected by: total sales; net sales; levels of
redemptions; the proportion of a Securities Dealer's sales and marketing efforts
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds; a Securities Dealer's support of, and
participation in, Distributors' marketing programs; a Securities Dealer's
compensation programs for its registered representatives; and the extent of a
Securities Dealer's marketing programs relating to the Franklin Templeton Group
of Funds. Financial support to Securities Dealers may be made by payments from
Distributors' resources, from Distributors' retention of underwriting
concessions and, in the case of funds that have Rule 12b-1 plans, from payments
to Distributors under such plans. In addition, certain Securities Dealers may
receive brokerage commissions generated by fund portfolio transactions in
accordance with the NASD's rules.
LETTER OF INTENT. You may qualify for a reduced sales charge when you buy Fund
shares, as described in the Prospectus. At any time within 90 days after the
first investment that you want to qualify for a reduced sales charge, you may
file with the Fund a signed shareholder application with the Letter of Intent
section completed. After the Letter is filed, each additional investment will be
entitled to the sales charge applicable to the level of investment indicated on
the Letter. Sales charge reductions based on purchases in more than one Franklin
Templeton Fund will be effective only after notification to Distributors that
the investment qualifies for a discount. Your holdings in the Franklin Templeton
Funds acquired more than 90 days before the Letter is filed will be counted
towards completion of the Letter, but they will not be entitled to a retroactive
downward adjustment in the sales charge. Any redemptions you make during the 13
month period, except in the case of certain retirement plans, will be subtracted
from the amount of the purchases for purposes of determining whether the terms
of the Letter have been completed. If the Letter is not completed within the 13
month period, there will be an upward adjustment of the sales charge, depending
on the amount actually purchased (less redemptions) during the period. The
upward adjustment does not apply to certain retirement plans. If you execute a
Letter before a change in the sales charge structure of the Fund, you may
complete the Letter at the lower of the new sales charge structure or the sales
charge structure in effect at the time the Letter was filed.
As mentioned in the Prospectus, five percent (5%) of the amount of the total
intended purchase will be reserved in shares of the Fund registered in your name
until you fulfill the Letter. This policy of reserving shares does not apply to
certain retirement plans. If total purchases, less redemptions, equal the amount
specified under the Letter, the reserved shares will be deposited to an account
in your name or delivered to you or as you direct. If total purchases, less
redemptions, exceed the amount specified under the Letter and is an amount that
would qualify for a further quantity discount, a retroactive price adjustment
will be made by Distributors and the Securities Dealer through whom purchases
were made pursuant to the Letter (to reflect such further quantity discount) on
purchases made within 90 days before and on those made after filing the Letter.
The resulting difference in Offering Price will be applied to the purchase of
additional shares at the Offering Price applicable to a single purchase or the
dollar amount of the total purchases. If the total purchases, less redemptions,
are less than the amount specified under the Letter, you will remit to
Distributors an amount equal to the difference in the dollar amount of sales
charge actually paid and the amount of sales charge that would have applied to
the aggregate purchases if the total of the purchases had been made at a single
time. Upon remittance, the reserved shares held for your account will be
deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct. If
within 20 days after written request the difference in sales charge is not paid,
the redemption of an appropriate number of reserved shares to realize the
difference will be made. In the event of a total redemption of the account
before fulfillment of the Letter, the additional sales charge due will be
deducted from the proceeds of the redemption, and the balance will be forwarded
to you.
If a Letter is executed on behalf of certain retirement plans, the level and any
reduction in sales charge for these plans will be based on actual plan
participation and the projected investments in the Franklin Templeton Funds
under the Letter. These plans are not subject to the requirement to reserve 5%
of the total intended purchase, or to any penalty as a result of the early
termination of a plan, nor are these plans entitled to receive retroactive
adjustments in price for investments made before executing the Letter.
REINVESTMENT DATE. Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends will be
purchased at the Net Asset Value determined on the business day following the
dividend record date (sometimes known as the "ex-dividend date"). The processing
date for the reinvestment of dividends may vary and does not affect the amount
or value of the shares acquired.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON EXCHANGING SHARES
If you request the exchange of the total value of your account, declared but
unpaid income dividends and capital gain distributions will be exchanged into
the new fund and will be invested at Net Asset Value. Backup withholding and
information reporting may apply. Information regarding the possible tax
consequences of an exchange is included in the tax section in this SAI and in
the Prospectus.
If a substantial number of shareholders should, within a short period, sell
their shares of the Fund under the exchange privilege, the Fund might have to
sell portfolio securities it might otherwise hold and incur the additional costs
related to such transactions. On the other hand, increased use of the exchange
privilege may result in periodic large inflows of money. If this occurs, it is
the Fund's general policy to initially invest this money in short-term,
interest-bearing money market instruments, unless it is believed that attractive
investment opportunities consistent with the Fund's investment objective exist
immediately. This money will then be withdrawn from the short-term, money market
instruments and invested in portfolio securities in as orderly a manner as is
possible when attractive investment opportunities arise.
The proceeds from the sale of shares of an investment company are generally not
available until the fifth business day following the sale. The funds you are
seeking to exchange into may delay issuing shares pursuant to an exchange until
that fifth business day. The sale of Fund shares to complete an exchange will be
effected at Net Asset Value at the close of business on the day the request for
exchange is received in proper form. Please see "May I Exchange Shares for
Shares of Another Fund?" in the Prospectus.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SELLING SHARES
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN. There are no service charges for establishing or
maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan. Payments under the plan will be made
from the redemption of an equivalent amount of shares in your account, generally
on the 25th day of the month in which a payment is scheduled. If the 25th falls
on a weekend or holiday, we will process the redemption on the prior business
day.
Redeeming shares through a systematic withdrawal plan may reduce or exhaust the
shares in your account if payments exceed distributions received from the Fund.
This is especially likely to occur if there is a market decline. If a withdrawal
amount exceeds the value of your account, your account will be closed and the
remaining balance in your account will be sent to you. Because the amount
withdrawn under the plan may be more than your actual yield or income, part of
the payment may be a return of your investment.
The Fund may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan by notifying you in
writing and will automatically discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan if all
shares in your account are withdrawn or if the Fund receives notification of the
shareholder's death or incapacity.
THROUGH YOUR SECURITIES DEALER. If you sell shares through your Securities
Dealer, it is your dealer's responsibility to transmit the order to the Fund in
a timely fashion. Any loss to you resulting from your dealer's failure to do so
must be settled between you and your Securities Dealer.
REDEMPTIONS IN KIND. The Fund has committed itself to pay in cash (by check) all
requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount,
however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value
of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period. This commitment
is irrevocable without the prior approval of the SEC. In the case of redemption
requests in excess of these amounts, the Board reserves the right to make
payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets of the Fund, in case
of an emergency, or if the payment of such a redemption in cash would be
detrimental to the existing shareholders of the Fund. In these circumstances,
the securities distributed would be valued at the price used to compute the
Fund's net assets and you may incur brokerage fees in converting the securities
to cash. The Fund does not intend to redeem illiquid securities in kind. If this
happens, however, you may not be able to recover your investment in a timely
manner.
GENERAL INFORMATION
If dividend checks are returned to the Fund marked "unable to forward" by the
postal service, we will consider this a request by you to change your dividend
option to reinvest all distributions. The proceeds will be reinvested in
additional shares at Net Asset Value until we receive new instructions.
If mail is returned as undeliverable or we are unable to locate you or verify
your current mailing address, we may deduct the costs of our efforts to find you
from your account. These costs may include a percentage of the account when a
search company charges a percentage fee in exchange for its location services.
All checks, drafts, wires and other payment mediums used to buy or sell shares
of the Fund must be denominated in U.S. dollars. We may, in our sole discretion,
either (a) reject any order to buy or sell shares denominated in any other
currency or (b) honor the transaction or make adjustments to your account for
the transaction as of a date and with a foreign currency exchange factor
determined by the drawee bank.
Investor Services may pay certain financial institutions that maintain omnibus
accounts with the Fund on behalf of numerous beneficial owners for recordkeeping
operations performed with respect to such owners. For each beneficial owner in
the omnibus account, the Fund may reimburse Investor Services an amount not to
exceed the per account fee that the Fund normally pays Investor Services. These
financial institutions may also charge a fee for their services directly to
their clients.
Certain shareholder servicing agents may be authorized to accept your
transaction request.
HOW ARE FUND SHARES VALUED?
We calculate the Net Asset Value per share as of the scheduled close of the
NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, each day that the NYSE is open for
trading. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund is informed that the NYSE observes
the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents'
Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day
and Christmas Day.
For the purpose of determining the aggregate net assets of the Fund, cash and
receivables are valued at their realizable amounts. Interest is recorded as
accrued and dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Portfolio securities
listed on a securities exchange or on the NASDAQ National Market System for
which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last quoted sale
price of the day or, if there is no such reported sale, within the range of the
most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Over-the-counter portfolio securities are
valued within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Portfolio
securities that are traded both in the over-the-counter market and on a stock
exchange are valued according to the broadest and most representative market as
determined by Investment Counsel.
Portfolio securities underlying actively traded call options are valued at their
market price as determined above. The current market value of any option held by
the Fund is its last sale price on the relevant exchange before the time when
assets are valued. Lacking any sales that day or if the last sale price is
outside the bid and ask prices, options are valued within the range of the
current closing bid and ask prices if the valuation is believed to fairly
reflect the contract's market value.
Trading in securities on European and Far Eastern securities exchanges and
over-the-counter markets is normally completed well before the close of business
of the NYSE on each day that the NYSE is open. Trading in European or Far
Eastern securities generally, or in a particular country or countries, may not
take place on every NYSE business day. Furthermore, trading takes place in
various foreign markets on days that are not business days for the NYSE and on
which the Fund's Net Asset Value is not calculated. Thus, the calculation of the
Fund's Net Asset Value does not take place contemporaneously with the
determination of the prices of many of the portfolio securities used in the
calculation and, if events materially affecting the values of these foreign
securities occur, the securities will be valued at fair value as determined by
management and approved in good faith by the Board.
Generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money
market instruments is substantially completed each day at various times before
the scheduled close of the NYSE. The value of these securities used in computing
the Net Asset Value of the Fund's shares is determined as of such times.
Occasionally, events affecting the values of these securities may occur between
the times at which they are determined and the scheduled close of the NYSE that
will not be reflected in the computation of the Fund's Net Asset Value. If
events materially affecting the values of these securities occur during this
period, the securities will be valued at their fair value as determined in good
faith by the Board.
Other securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at
the current market price, which may be obtained from a pricing service, based on
a variety of factors including recent trades, institutional size trading in
similar types of securities (considering yield, risk and maturity) and/or
developments related to specific issues. Securities and other assets for which
market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined
following procedures approved by the Board. With the approval of the Board, the
Fund may utilize a pricing service, bank or Securities Dealer to perform any of
the above described functions.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
DISTRIBUTIONS
You may receive two types of distributions from the Fund:
1. INCOME DIVIDENDS. The Fund receives income generally in the form of
dividends, interest and other income derived from its investments. This income,
less the expenses incurred in the Fund's operations, is its net investment
income from which income dividends may be distributed. Thus, the amount of
dividends paid per share may vary with each distribution.
2. CAPITAL GAIN DISTRIBUTIONS. The Fund may derive capital gains or losses in
connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities.
Distributions by the Fund derived from net short-term and net long-term capital
gains (after taking into account any capital loss carryforward or post-October
loss deferral) may generally be made twice each year, once in December and once
following the end of the Fund's fiscal year. The Fund may adjust the timing of
these distributions for operational or other reasons.
TAXES
As stated in the Prospectus, the Fund has elected and qualified to be treated as
a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. The Board
reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated
investment company if it determines this course of action to be beneficial to
shareholders. In that case, the Fund will be subject to federal and possibly
state corporate taxes on its taxable income and gains, and distributions to
shareholders will be taxable to the extent of the Fund's available earnings and
profits.
To so qualify, the Fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its
gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities
loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities and gains
from the sale or other disposition of foreign currencies, or other income
(including gains from options, futures contracts and forward contracts) derived
with respect to the Fund's business of investing in stocks, securities or
currencies; (b) derive less than 30% of its gross income from the sale or other
disposition of the following assets held for less than three months: (i) stock
and securities, (ii) options, futures and forward contracts (other than options,
futures and forward contracts on foreign currencies), and (iii) foreign
currencies (and options, futures and forward contracts on foreign currencies)
which are not directly related to the Fund's principal business of investing in
stocks and securities (or options and futures with respect to stock or
securities); (c) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter, (i)
at least 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets is represented by cash and
cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment
companies, and other securities, with such other securities limited in respect
of any one issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the Fund's total
assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such
issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund's total assets is
invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities
of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of any two or more
issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same
business or similar or related businesses; and (d) distribute at least 90% of
its investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items,
dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term
capital losses) each taxable year.
The Treasury Department is authorized to issue regulations providing that
foreign currency gains that are not directly related to the Fund's principal
business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with
respect to stock or securities) will be excluded from the income which qualifies
for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described above. To date,
however, no regulations have been issued.
The status of the Fund as a regulated investment company does not involve
government supervision of management or of its investment practices or policies.
As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally will be relieved of
liability for U.S. federal income tax on that portion of its net investment
income and net realized capital gains which it distributes to its shareholders.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year
distribution requirement also are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax. To
prevent application of the excise tax, the Fund intends to make distributions in
accordance with the calendar year distribution requirement. Dividends of net
investment income and net short-term capital gains are taxable to you as
ordinary income. Distributions of net capital gains (the excess of net long-term
capital gains over net short-term capital losses) designated by the Fund as
capital gain dividends are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, regardless
of the length of time you have held the Fund's shares. Generally dividends and
distributions are taxable to you, whether received in cash or reinvested in
shares of the Fund. Any distributions that are not from the Fund's investment
company taxable income or net capital gain may be characterized as a return of
capital to you or, in some cases, as capital gain. You will be notified annually
as to the federal tax status of dividends and distributions you receive and any
tax withheld thereon.
Distributions by the Fund reduce the Net Asset Value of the Fund's shares.
Should a distribution reduce the Net Asset Value below your cost basis, the
distribution nevertheless would be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital
gain as described above, even though, from an investment standpoint, it may
constitute a partial return of capital. In particular, you should be careful to
consider the tax implication of buying shares just prior to a distribution by
the Fund. The price of shares purchased at that time includes the amount of the
forthcoming distribution, but the distribution will generally be taxable to you.
Certain of the debt securities acquired by the Fund may be treated as debt
securities that were originally issued at a discount. Original issue discount
can generally be defined as the difference between the price at which a security
was issued and its stated redemption price at maturity. Although no cash income
is actually received by the Fund, original issue discount that accrues on a debt
security in a given year generally is treated for federal income tax purposes as
interest and, therefore, such income would be subject to the distribution
requirements of the Code.
Some of the debt securities may be purchased by the Fund at a discount which
exceeds the original issue discount on such debt securities, if any. This
additional discount represents market discount for federal income tax purposes.
The gain realized on the disposition of any taxable debt security having market
discount generally will be treated as ordinary income to the extent it does not
exceed the accrued market discount on such debt security. Generally, market
discount accrues on a daily basis for each day the debt security is held by the
Fund at a constant rate over the time remaining to the debt security's maturity
or, at the election of the Fund, at a constant yield to maturity which takes
into account the semiannual compounding of interest.
The Fund may invest in stocks of foreign companies that are classified under the
Code as passive foreign investment companies ("PFICs"). In general, a foreign
company is classified as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets constitute
investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type
income. Under the PFIC rules, an "excess distribution" received with respect to
PFIC stock is treated as having been realized ratably over the period during
which the Fund held the PFIC stock. The Fund itself will be subject to tax on
the portion, if any, of the excess distribution that is allocated to the Fund's
holding period in prior taxable years (and an interest factor will be added to
the tax, as if the tax had actually been payable in such prior taxable years)
even though the Fund distributes the corresponding income to shareholders.
Excess distributions include any gain from the sale of PFIC stock as well as
certain distributions from a PFIC. All excess distributions are taxable as
ordinary income.
The Fund may be able to elect alternative tax treatment with respect to PFIC
stock. Under an election that currently may be available, the Fund generally
would be required to include in its gross income its share of the earnings of a
PFIC on a current basis, regardless of whether any distributions are received
from the PFIC. If this election is made, the special rules, discussed above,
relating to the taxation of excess distributions, would not apply. In addition,
another election may be available that would involve marking-to-market the
Fund's PFIC shares at the end of each taxable year (and on certain other dates
prescribed in the Code), with the result that unrealized gains are treated as
though they were realized. If this election were made, tax at the Fund level
under the PFIC rules would generally be eliminated, but the Fund could, in
limited circumstances, incur nondeductible interest charges. The Fund's
intention to qualify annually as a regulated investment company may limit its
elections with respect to PFIC shares.
Because the application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other things, the
character of gains, the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the recognition
of income with respect to PFIC stock, as well as subject the Fund itself to tax
on certain income from PFIC stock, the amount that must be distributed to
shareholders, and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or
long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared
to a fund that did not invest in PFIC stock.
Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject
to withholding and other income or similar taxes imposed by such countries. If
more than 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets at the close of its
taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be
eligible and intends to elect to "pass through" to the Fund's shareholders the
amount of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Pursuant to this election, you will be
required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually
received) your pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund, and will be
entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) your pro rata share of
foreign income and similar taxes in computing your taxable income or to use it
as a foreign tax credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability, subject
to limitations. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed if you do not
itemize deductions, in such case, you may be eligible to claim the foreign tax
credit (see below). You will be notified within 60 days after the close of the
Fund's taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will "pass
through" for that year.
Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may
not exceed your U.S. tax attributable to your foreign source taxable income. For
this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of the Fund's
income flows through to its shareholders. With respect to the Fund, gains from
the sale of securities will be treated as derived from U.S. sources and certain
currency fluctuation gains, including fluctuation gains from foreign-currency
denominated debt securities, receivables and payables, will be treated as
ordinary income derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax
credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income (as defined for
purposes of the foreign tax credit), including the foreign source passive income
passed through by the Fund. You may be unable to claim a credit for the full
amount of your proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund.
Foreign taxes may not be deducted in computing alternative minimum taxable
income and the foreign tax credit can be used to offset only 90% of the
alternative minimum tax (as computed under the Code for purposes of this
limitation) imposed on corporations and individuals. If the Fund is not eligible
to make the election to "pass through" to its shareholders its foreign taxes,
the foreign income taxes it pays generally will reduce investment company
taxable income and the distributions by the Fund will be treated as U.S. source
income.
Certain options, futures and foreign currency forward contracts in which the
Fund may invest are "section 1256 contracts." Gains or losses on section 1256
contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital
gains or losses ("60/40"); however, foreign currency gains or losses (as
discussed below) arising from certain section 1256 contracts may be treated as
ordinary income or loss. Also, section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the
end of each taxable year (and on certain other dates as prescribed under the
Code) are "marked-to-market" with the result that unrealized gains or losses are
treated as though they were realized.
Generally, the hedging transactions undertaken by the Fund may result in
"straddles" for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect
the character of gains (or losses) realized by the Fund. In addition, losses
realized by the Fund on positions that are part of the straddle may be deferred
under the straddle rules, rather than being taken into account in calculating
the taxable income for the taxable year in which the losses are realized.
Because only a few regulations implementing the straddle rules have been
promulgated, the tax consequences to the Fund of hedging transactions are not
entirely clear. The hedging transactions may increase the amount of short-term
capital gain realized by the Fund which is taxed as ordinary income when
distributed to shareholders.
The Fund may make one or more of the elections available under the Code which
are applicable to straddles. If the Fund makes any of the elections, the amount,
character, and timing of the recognition of gains or losses from the affected
straddle positions will be determined under rules that vary according to the
election(s) made. The rules applicable under certain of the elections may
operate to accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected
straddle positions.
Because application of the straddle rules may affect the character of gains or
losses, defer losses and/or accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from
the affected straddle positions, the amount which must be distributed to
shareholders and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or
long-term capital gain may be increased or decreased as compared to a fund that
did not engage in such hedging transactions.
Requirements relating to the Fund's tax status as a regulated investment company
may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in transactions in
options, futures and foreign currency forward contracts.
Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency
exchange rates which occur between the time the Fund accrues income or other
receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign
currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such
liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss.
Similarly, on disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency
and on disposition of certain financial contracts and options, gains or losses
attributable to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency between the date
of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also are
treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the
Code as "section 988" gains and losses, may increase or decrease the amount of
the Fund's net investment income to be distributed to its shareholders as
ordinary income. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may increase the
amount of income that the Fund must distribute in order to qualify for treatment
as a regulated investment company and to prevent application of an excise tax on
undistributed income. Alternatively, fluctuations in exchange rates may decrease
or eliminate income available for distribution. If section 988 losses exceed
other net investment income during a taxable year, the Fund would not be able to
make ordinary dividend distributions, or distributions made before the losses
were realized would be recharacterized as return of capital to shareholders for
federal income tax purposes, rather than as an ordinary dividend, reducing each
shareholder's basis in his Fund shares, or as a capital gain.
Upon the sale or exchange of your shares, you will realize a taxable gain or
loss depending upon your basis in the shares. Such gain or loss will be treated
as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in your hands, and
generally will be long-term if your holding period for the shares is more than
one year and generally otherwise will be short-term. Any loss realized on a sale
or exchange will be disallowed to the extent that the shares disposed of are
replaced (including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital
gain distributions in the Fund) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days
before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case,
the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed
loss. Any loss realized by you on the sale of the Fund's shares which you have
held for six months or less will be treated for federal income tax purposes as a
long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of long-term capital
gains you received with respect to such shares.
In some cases, you will not be permitted to take sales charges into account for
purposes of determining the amount of gain or loss realized on the disposition
of your shares. This prohibition generally applies where (1) you incur a sales
charge in acquiring the stock of a regulated investment company, (2) the stock
is disposed of before the 91st day after the date on which it was acquired, and
(3) you subsequently acquire shares of the same or another regulated investment
company and the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced or eliminated under
a "reinvestment right" received upon the initial purchase of shares of stock. In
that case, the gain or loss recognized will be determined by excluding from the
tax basis of the shares exchanged all or a portion of the sales charge incurred
in acquiring those shares. This exclusion applies to the extent that the
otherwise applicable sales charge with respect to the newly acquired shares is
reduced as a result of having incurred a sales charge initially. Sales charges
affected by this rule are treated as if they were incurred with respect to the
stock acquired under the reinvestment right. This provision may be applied to
successive acquisitions of stock.
The Fund generally will be required to withhold federal income tax at a rate of
31% ("backup withholding") from dividends paid, capital gain distributions, and
redemption proceeds to you if (1) you fail to furnish the Fund with your correct
taxpayer identification number or social security number and to make such
certifications as the Fund may require, (2) the IRS notifies you or the Fund
that you have failed to report properly certain interest and dividend income to
the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect, or (3) when required to do so,
you fail to certify that you are not subject to backup withholding. Any amounts
withheld may be credited against your federal income tax liability.
Ordinary dividends and taxable capital gain distributions declared in October,
November, or December with a record date in such month and paid during the
following January will be treated as having been paid by the Fund and received
by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which declared, rather
than the calendar year in which the dividends are actually received.
Distributions also may be subject to state, local and foreign taxes. U.S. tax
rules applicable to foreign investors may differ significantly from those
outlined above. This discussion does not purport to deal with all of the tax
consequences applicable to shareholders. You are advised to consult your own tax
advisers for details with respect to the particular tax consequences of an
investment in the Fund.
THE FUND'S UNDERWRITER
Pursuant to an underwriting agreement, Distributors acts as principal
underwriter in a continuous public offering for shares of the Fund. The
underwriting agreement will continue in effect for successive annual periods if
its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the
Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting
securities, and in either event by a majority vote of the Board members who are
not parties to the underwriting agreement or interested persons of any such
party (other than as members of the Board), cast in person at a meeting called
for that purpose. The underwriting agreement terminates automatically in the
event of its assignment and may be terminated by either party on 90 days'
written notice.
Distributors pays the expenses of the distribution of Fund shares, including
advertising expenses and the costs of printing sales material and prospectuses
used to offer shares to the public. The Fund pays the expenses of preparing and
printing amendments to its registration statements and prospectuses (other than
those necessitated by the activities of Distributors) and of sending
prospectuses to existing shareholders.
In connection with the offering of the Fund's shares, aggregate underwriting
commissions for the fiscal years ended March 31, 1997 and 1996, and for the
period from July 28, 1994 (commencement of operations) to March 31, 1995, were
$122,189, $34,066 and $149,606, respectively. After allowances to dealers,
Distributors retained $25,369, $25,733 and $5,220 in net underwriting discounts
and commissions and received no monies in connection with redemptions or
repurchases of shares, for the respective years. Distributors may be entitled to
reimbursement under the Rule 12b-1 plan, as discussed below. Except as noted,
Distributors received no other compensation from the Fund for acting as
underwriter.
THE RULE 12B-1 PLAN
The Fund has adopted a distribution plan or "Rule 12b-1 plan" pursuant to Rule
12b-1 of the 1940 Act for its Class I shares. Under the plan, the Fund may pay
up to a maximum of 0.35% per year of its average daily net assets, payable
quarterly, for expenses incurred in the promotion and distribution of its Class
I shares.
In no event shall the aggregate asset-based sales charges, which include
payments made under the plan, plus any other payments deemed to be made pursuant
to the plan, exceed the amount permitted to be paid under the rules of the NASD.
To the extent fees are for distribution or marketing functions, as distinguished
from administrative servicing or agency transactions, certain banks will not be
entitled to participate in the plan as a result of applicable federal law
prohibiting certain banks from engaging in the distribution of mutual fund
shares. These banking institutions, however, are permitted to receive fees under
the plan for administrative servicing or for agency transactions. If you are a
customer of a bank that is prohibited from providing these services, you would
be permitted to remain a shareholder of the Fund, and alternate means for
continuing the servicing would be sought. In this event, changes in the services
provided might occur and you might no longer be able to avail yourself of any
automatic investment or other services then being provided by the bank. It is
not expected that you would suffer any adverse financial consequences as a
result of any of these changes.
The plan has been approved in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1. The
plan is renewable annually by a vote of the Board, including a majority vote of
the Board members who are not interested persons of the Fund and who have no
direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the plan, cast in
person at a meeting called for that purpose. It is also required that the
selection and nomination of such Board members be done by the non-interested
members of the Board. The plan and any related agreement may be terminated at
any time, without penalty, by vote of a majority of the non-interested Board
members on not more than 60 days' written notice, by Distributors on not more
than 60 days' written notice, by any act that constitutes an assignment of the
management agreement with Investment Counsel or by vote of a majority of the
outstanding shares of Class I. Distributors or any dealer or other firm may also
terminate their respective distribution or service agreement at any time upon
written notice.
The plan and any related agreements may not be amended to increase materially
the amount to be spent for distribution expenses without approval by a majority
of the outstanding shares of Class I, and all material amendments to the plan or
any related agreements shall be approved by a vote of the non-interested members
of the Board, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on
any such amendment.
Distributors is required to report in writing to the Board at least quarterly on
the amounts and purpose of any payment made under the plan and any related
agreements, as well as to furnish the Board with such other information as may
reasonably be requested in order to enable the Board to make an informed
determination of whether the plan should be continued.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, the total amount paid by the Fund
pursuant to the plan was $23,146, which was used for the following purposes:
DOLLAR AMOUNT
Advertising $ 118
Printing and mailing of prospectuses other 7,276
than to current shareholders
Payments to underwriters 1,467
Payments to broker-dealers 14,285
Other 0
HOW DOES THE FUND MEASURE PERFORMANCE?
Performance quotations are subject to SEC rules. These rules require the use of
standardized performance quotations or, alternatively, that every
non-standardized performance quotation furnished by the Fund be accompanied by
certain standardized performance information computed as required by the SEC.
Average annual total return and quotations used by the Fund are based on the
standardized methods of computing performance mandated by the SEC. If a Rule
12b-1 plan is adopted, performance figures reflect fees from the date of the
plan's implementation. An explanation of these and other methods used by the
Fund to compute or express performance follows. Regardless of the method used,
past performance does not guarantee future results, and is an indication of the
return to shareholders only for the limited historical period used.
TOTAL RETURN
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN. Average annual total return is determined by the
one-year and from inception periods that would equate an initial hypothetical
$1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value. The calculation assumes the
maximum front-end sales charge is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and
income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at Net Asset
Value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of
each one-year and from inception periods and the deduction of all applicable
charges and fees. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical
performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum front-end sales
charge currently in effect.
When considering the average annual total return quotations, you should keep in
mind that the maximum front-end sales charge reflected in each quotation is a
one time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest
impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect
actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund. The
Fund's average annual total return for the one-year period ended March 31, 1997,
and the period since inception (July 28, 1994) to March 31, 1997, was -31.13%
and -11.62%, respectively.
These figures were calculated according to the SEC formula:
P(1+T)n = ERV
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000
payment made at the beginning of the one-year and from inception
periods at the end of the one-year and from inception periods
CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN. Like average annual total return, cumulative total
return assumes the maximum front-end sales charge is deducted from the initial
$1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are
reinvested at Net Asset Value. Cumulative total return, however, will be based
on the Fund's actual return for a specified period rather than on its average
return over the one-year and from inception periods. The Fund's cumulative total
return for the one-year period ended March 31, 1997, and the period since
inception (July 28, 1994) to March 31, 1997, was -31.13% and -28.14%,
respectively.
VOLATILITY
Occasionally statistics may be used to show the Fund's volatility or risk.
Measures of volatility or risk are generally used to compare the Fund's Net
Asset Value or performance to a market index. One measure of volatility is beta.
Beta is the volatility of a fund relative to the total market, as represented by
an index considered representative of the types of securities in which the fund
invests. A beta of more than 1.00 indicates volatility greater than the market
and a beta of less than 1.00 indicates volatility less than the market. Another
measure of volatility or risk is standard deviation. Standard deviation is used
to measure variability of Net Asset Value or total return around an average over
a specified period of time. The idea is that greater volatility means greater
risk undertaken in achieving performance.
OTHER PERFORMANCE QUOTATIONS
The Fund may also quote the performance of shares without a sales charge. Sales
literature and advertising may quote a current distribution rate, yield,
cumulative total return, average annual total return and other measures of
performance as described elsewhere in this SAI with the substitution of Net
Asset Value for the public Offering Price.
Sales literature referring to the use of the Fund as a potential investment for
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), Business Retirement Plans, and other
tax-advantaged retirement plans may quote a total return based upon compounding
of dividends on which it is presumed no federal income tax applies.
The Fund may include in its advertising or sales material information relating
to investment objectives and performance results of funds belonging to the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. Resources is the parent company of the
advisors and underwriter of the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
COMPARISONS
To help you better evaluate how an investment in the Fund may satisfy your
investment objective, advertisements and other materials about the Fund may
discuss certain measures of Fund performance as reported by various financial
publications. Materials may also compare performance (as calculated above) to
performance as reported by other investments, indices, and averages. These
comparisons may include, but are not limited to, the following examples:
(i) unmanaged indices so that you may compare the Fund's results with those of a
group of unmanaged securities widely regarded by investors as representative of
the securities market in general; (ii) other groups of mutual funds tracked by
Lipper Analytical Services, Inc., a widely used independent research firm that
ranks mutual funds by overall performance, investment objectives and assets, or
tracked by other services, companies, publications, or persons who rank mutual
funds on overall performance or other criteria; and (iii) the Consumer Price
Index (measure for inflation) to assess the real rate of return from an
investment in the Fund. Unmanaged indices may assume the reinvestment of
dividends but generally do not reflect deductions for administrative and
management costs and expenses.
From time to time, the Fund and Investment Counsel may also refer to the
following information:
a) Investment Counsel's and its affiliates' market share of international
equities managed in mutual funds prepared or published by Strategic
Insight or a similar statistical organization.
b) The performance of U.S. equity and debt markets relative to foreign
markets prepared or published by Morgan Stanley Capital International
or a similar financial organization.
c) The capitalization of U.S. and foreign stock markets as prepared or
published by the International Finance Corporation, Morgan Stanley
Capital International or a similar financial organization.
d) The geographic and industry distribution of the Fund's portfolio and
the Fund's top ten holdings.
e) The gross national product and populations, including age
characteristics, literacy rates, foreign investment improvements due to
a liberalization of securities laws and a reduction of foreign exchange
controls, and improving communication technology, of various countries
as published by various statistical organizations.
f) To assist investors in understanding the different returns and risk
characteristics of various investments, the Fund may show historical returns of
various investments and published indices (E.G., Ibbotson Index). Associates,
Inc. Charts and Morgan Stanley EAFE -
g) The major industries located in various jurisdictions as published by
the Morgan Stanley Index.
h) Rankings by DALBAR Surveys, Inc. with respect to mutual fund
shareholder services.
i) Allegorical stories illustrating the importance of persistent
long-term investing.
j) The Fund's portfolio turnover rate and its ranking relative to
industry standards as published by Lipper Analytical Services, Inc. or
Morningstar, Inc.
k) A description of the Templeton organization's investment management
philosophy and approach, including its worldwide search for undervalued
or "bargain" securities and its diversification by industry, nation and
type of stocks or other securities.
l) The number of shareholders in the Fund or the aggregate number of
shareholders of the open-end investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds or the dollar amount of fund and private
account assets under management.
m) Comparison of the characteristics of various emerging markets,
including population, financial and economic conditions.
n) Quotations from the Templeton organization's founder, Sir John
Templeton,* advocating the virtues of diversification and long-term
investing, including the following:
(infinity) "Never follow the crowd. Superior performance is
possible only if you invest differently from the crowd."
(infinity) "Diversify by company, by industry and by country."
(infinity) "Always maintain a long-term perspective."
(infinity) "Invest for maximum total real return."
(infinity) "Invest - don't trade or speculate."
(infinity) "Remain flexible and open-minded about types of
investment."
(infinity) "Buy low."
(infinity) "When buying stocks, search for bargains among
quality stocks."
(infinity) "Buy value, not market trends or the economic
outlook."
(infinity) "Diversify. In stocks and bonds, as in much else,
there is safety in numbers."
(infinity) "Do your homework or hire wise experts to help you."
(infinity) "Aggressively monitor your investments."
(infinity) "Don't panic."
(infinity) "Learn from your mistakes."
(infinity) "Outperforming the market is a difficult task."
(infinity) "An investor who has all the answers doesn't even
understand all the questions."
(infinity) "There's no free lunch."
(infinity) "And now the last principle: Do not be fearful or
negative too often."
From time to time, advertisements or information for the Fund may include a
discussion of certain attributes or benefits to be derived from an investment in
the Fund. The advertisements or information may include symbols, headlines, or
other material that highlights or summarizes the information discussed in more
detail in the communication.
Advertisements or information may also compare the Fund's performance to the
return on CDs or other investments. You should be aware, however, that an
investment in the Fund involves the risk of fluctuation of principal value, a
risk generally not present in an investment in a CD issued by a bank. For
example, as the general level of interest rates rise, the value of the Fund's
fixed-income investments, if any, as well as the value of its shares that are
based upon the value of such portfolio investments, can be expected to decrease.
Conversely, when interest rates decrease, the value of the Fund's shares can be
expected to increase. CDs are frequently insured by an agency of the U.S.
government. An investment in the Fund is not insured by any federal, state or
private entity.
In assessing comparisons of performance, you should keep in mind that the
composition of the investments in the reported indices and averages is not
identical to the Fund's portfolio, the indices and averages are generally
unmanaged, and the items included in the calculations of the averages may not be
identical to the formula used by the Fund to calculate its figures. In addition,
there can be no assurance that the Fund will continue its performance as
compared to these other averages.
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
The Fund may help you achieve various investment goals such as accumulating
money for retirement, saving for a down payment on a home, college costs and
other long-term goals. The Franklin College Costs Planner may help you in
determining how much money must be invested on a monthly basis in order to have
a projected amount available in the future to fund a child's college education.
(Projected college cost estimates are based upon current costs published by the
College Board.) The Franklin Retirement Planning Guide leads you through the
steps to start a retirement savings program. Of course, an investment in the
Fund cannot guarantee that these goals will be met.
The Fund is a member of the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds, one of the
largest mutual fund organizations in the U.S., and may be considered in a
program for diversification of assets. Founded in 1947, Franklin, one of the
oldest mutual fund organizations, has managed mutual funds for over 49 years and
now services more than 2.7 million shareholder accounts. In 1992, Franklin, a
leader in managing fixed-income mutual funds and an innovator in creating
domestic equity funds, joined forces with Templeton Worldwide, Inc., a pioneer
in international investing. Mutual Series Fund Inc., known for its value-driven
approach to domestic equity investing, became part of the organization four
years later. Together, the Franklin Templeton Group has over $199 billion in
assets under management for more than 5.2 million U.S. based mutual fund
shareholder and other accounts. The Franklin Templeton Group of Funds offers 121
U.S. based open-end investment companies to the public. The Fund may identify
itself by its NASDAQ symbol or CUSIP number.
The Dalbar Surveys, Inc. broker-dealer survey has ranked Franklin number one in
service quality for five of the past nine years.
As of July 2, 1997, the principal shareholders of the Fund, beneficial or of
record, were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND ADDRESS SHARE AMOUNT PERCENTAGE
<S> <C> <C>
CLASS I
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. 102,619 7%
4800 Deer Lake Drive East
3rd Floor
Jacksonville, FL 32246
ADVISOR CLASS
Franklin Templeton Trust Company - Custodian 332 7%
for the IRA of Ulla W. Tarstrup
301 La Casa Avenue
San Mateo, CA 94403-5016
Franklin Templeton Trust Company - Custodian 744 17%
for the IRA of Chu-Sen Cheng
271 Pelican CT.
Foster City, CA 94404-1412
Franklin Resources, Inc. 3,583 56%
Corporate Treasury
1850 Gateway Dr., 6th Floor
San Mateo, CA 94404
</TABLE>
From time to time, the number of Fund shares held in the "street name" accounts
of various Securities Dealers for the benefit of their clients or in centralized
securities depositories may exceed 5% of the total shares outstanding.
In the event of disputes involving multiple claims of ownership or authority to
control your account, the Fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (a)
freeze the account and require the written agreement of all persons deemed by
the Fund to have a potential property interest in the account, before executing
instructions regarding the account; (b) interplead disputed funds or accounts
with a court of competent jurisdiction; or (c) surrender ownership of all or a
portion of the account to the IRS in response to a Notice of Levy.
SUMMARY OF CODE OF ETHICS. Employees of the Franklin Templeton Group who are
access persons under the 1940 Act are permitted to engage in personal securities
transactions subject to the following general restrictions and procedures: (i)
the trade must receive advance clearance from a compliance officer and must be
completed by the close of the business day following the day clearance is
granted; (ii) copies of all brokerage confirmations must be sent to a compliance
officer and, within 10 days after the end of each calendar quarter, a report of
all securities transactions must be provided to the compliance officer; and
(iii) access persons involved in preparing and making investment decisions must,
in addition to (i) and (ii) above, file annual reports of their securities
holdings each January and inform the compliance officer (or other designated
personnel) if they own a security that is being considered for a fund or other
client transaction or if they are recommending a security in which they have an
ownership interest for purchase or sale by a fund or other client.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements contained in the Annual Report to Shareholders
of the Fund, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, including the auditors'
report, are incorporated herein by reference.
<PAGE>
USEFUL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
1933 ACT - Securities Act of 1933, as amended
1940 ACT - Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended
BOARD - The Board of Trustees of the Fund
CD - Certificate of deposit
CLASS I AND ADVISOR CLASS - The Fund offers two classes of shares, designated
"Class I" and "Advisor Class." The two classes have proportionate interests in
the Fund's portfolio. They differ, however, primarily in their sales charge and
expense structures. Certain funds in the Franklin Templeton Funds also offer a
share class designated "Class II."
CODE - Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
DISTRIBUTORS - Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., the Fund's principal
underwriter
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON FUNDS - The U.S. registered mutual funds in the Franklin
Group of FundsAE and the Templeton Group of Funds except Franklin Valuemark
Funds, Franklin Government Securities Trust, Templeton Capital Accumulator Fund,
Inc., Templeton Variable Annuity Fund, and Templeton Variable Products Series
Fund
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP - Franklin Resources, Inc., a publicly owned holding
company, and its various subsidiaries
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP OF FUNDS - All U.S. registered investment companies in
the Franklin Group of FundsAE and
the Templeton Group of Funds
FT SERVICES - Franklin Templeton Services, Inc., the Fund's administrator
INVESTMENT COUNSEL - Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc., the Fund's investment
manager
INVESTOR SERVICES - Franklin/Templeton Investor Services, Inc., the Fund's
shareholder servicing and transfer agent
IRS - Internal Revenue Service
LETTER - Letter of Intent
MOODY'S - Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
NASD - National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
NET ASSET VALUE (NAV) - The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting
the fund's liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The net asset
value per share is determined by dividing the net asset value of the fund by the
number of shares outstanding.
NYSE - New York Stock Exchange
OFFERING PRICE - The public offering price is based on the Net Asset Value per
share and includes the front-end sales charge. The maximum front-end sales
charge is 5.75%.
PROSPECTUS - The prospectus for the Fund's Class I shares dated August 1, 1997,
as may be amended from time to time
RESOURCES - Franklin Resources, Inc.
SAI - Statement of Additional Information
S&P - Standard & Poor's Ratings Service, a division of The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
SEC - U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SECURITIES DEALER - A financial institution that, either directly or through
affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and
accounts with the Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not
indicate a legal conclusion of capacity.
U.S. - United States
WE/OUR/US - Unless a different meaning is indicated by the context, these terms
refer to the Fund and/or Investor Services, Distributors, or other wholly owned
subsidiaries of Resources.
<PAGE>
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
MOODY'S
AAA - Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the
smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as
"gilt-edged." Interest payments are protected by a large or exceptionally stable
margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely
to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
fundamentally strong position of such issues.
AA - Bonds rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together
with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds.
They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not
be as large, fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude, or
there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear
somewhat larger.
A - Bonds rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are
considered upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal
and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which suggest a
susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
BAA - Bonds rated Baa are considered medium grade obligations. They are neither
highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security
appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking
or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such
bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative
characteristics as well.
BA - Bonds rated Ba are judged to have predominantly speculative elements and
their future cannot be considered well assured. Often the protection of interest
and principal payments is very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during
both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes
bonds in this class.
B - Bonds rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment.
Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of
the contract over any long period of time may be small.
CAA - Bonds rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or
there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
CA - Bonds rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high
degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C - Bonds rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and can be regarded as
having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
Note: Moody's applies numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating
classification from Aa through B in its corporate bond ratings. The modifier 1
indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating
category; modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and modifier 3 indicates
that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
S&P
AAA - This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation and
indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and interest.
AA - Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations. Capacity to
pay principal and interest is very strong and, in the majority of instances,
differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A - Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest, although
they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB - Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit protection parameters,
adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to
a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in this category
than for bonds in the A category.
BB, B, CCC, CC - Bonds rated BB, B, CCC and CC are regarded, on balance, as
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest
and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations. BB
indicates the lowest degree of speculation and CC the highest degree of
speculation. While such bonds will likely have some quality and protective
characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk
exposures to adverse conditions.
C - Bonds rated C are typically subordinated debt to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied CCC- rating. The C rating may also reflect the
filing of a bankruptcy petition under circumstances where debt service payments
are continuing. The C1 rating is reserved for income bonds on which no interest
is being paid.
D - Debt rated D is in default and payment of interest and/or repayment of
principal is in arrears.
PLUS (+) OR MINUS (-): The ratings from `AA' to `CCC' may be modified by the
addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major
rating categories.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
MOODY'S
Moody's commercial paper ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay
punctually their promissory obligations not having an original maturity in
excess of nine months. Moody's employs the following designations, all judged to
be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated
issuers:
P-1 (PRIME-1): Superior capacity for repayment.
P-2 (PRIME-2): Strong capacity for repayment.
S&P
S&P's ratings are a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of
debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded
into four categories, ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to
"D" for the lowest. Issues within the "A" category are delineated with the
numbers 1, 2 and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety, as follows:
A-1: This designation indicates the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
very strong. A "plus" (+) designation indicates an even stronger likelihood of
timely payment.
A-2: Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is strong.
However, the relative degree of safety is not as overwhelming as for issues
designated A-1.
A-3: Issues carrying this designation have a satisfactory capacity for timely
payment. They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effects of
changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
TL417 STMT 08/97
- --------
* Sir John Templeton sold the Templeton organization to Resources in
October 1992 and resigned from the Board on April 16, 1995. He is no
longer involved with the investment management process.
<PAGE>
ADVISOR CLASS
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
<PAGE>
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND - ADVISOR CLASS
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
AUGUST 1, 1997
700 CENTRAL AVENUE, P.O. BOX 33030
ST. PETERSBURG, FL 33733-8030 1-800/DIAL BEN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
How does the Fund Invest its Assets?.........................
What are the Fund's Potential Risks?.........................
Investment Restrictions......................................
Officers and Trustees........................................
Investment Management
and Other Services..........................................
How does the Fund Buy
Securities for its Portfolio?...............................
How Do I Buy, Sell and Exchange Shares?......................
How are Fund Shares Valued?..................................
Additional Information on
Distributions and Taxes.....................................
The Fund's Underwriter.......................................
How does the Fund Measure Performance?.......................
Miscellaneous Information....................................
Financial Statements.........................................
Useful Terms and Definitions.................................
Appendix.....................................................
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
When reading this SAI, you will see certain terms beginning with capital
letters. This means the term is explained under "Useful Terms and
Definitions."
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Franklin Templeton Japan Fund (the "Fund") is a diversified open-end
management investment company. The Fund's investment objective is long-term
capital growth. The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily
in securities of companies domiciled in Japan and traded in the Japanese
securities markets.
This SAI describes the Fund's Advisor Class shares. The Prospectus, dated August
1, 1997, as may be amended from time to time, contains the basic information you
should know before investing in the Fund. For a free copy, call 1-800/DIAL BEN
or write the Fund at the address shown.
THIS SAI IS NOT A PROSPECTUS. IT CONTAINS INFORMATION IN ADDITION TO AND IN MORE
DETAIL THAN SET FORTH IN THE PROSPECTUS. THIS SAI IS INTENDED TO PROVIDE YOU
WITH ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONS OF THE FUND,
AND SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PROSPECTUS.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MUTUAL FUNDS, ANNUITIES, AND OTHER INVESTMENT PRODUCTS:
ARE NOT FEDERALLY INSURED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION,
THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER AGENCY OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT;
ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF, OR GUARANTEED OR ENDORSED BY, ANY
BANK;
ARE SUBJECT TO INVESTMENT RISKS, INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF
PRINCIPAL.
HOW DOES THE FUND INVEST ITS ASSETS?
The following provides more detailed information about some of the securities
the Fund may buy and its investment policies. You should read it together with
the section in the Prospectus entitled "How does the Fund Invest its Assets?"
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. Repurchase agreements are contracts under which the buyer
of a security simultaneously commits to resell the security to the seller at an
agreed-upon price and date. Under a repurchase agreement, the seller is required
to maintain the value of the securities subject to the repurchase agreement at
not less than their repurchase price. Investment Counsel will monitor the value
of such securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the
repurchase price. Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of
default or insolvency of the seller, including possible delays or restrictions
upon the Fund's ability to dispose of the underlying securities. The Fund will
enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet creditworthiness
standards approved by the Board, I.E., banks or broker-dealers which have been
determined by Investment Counsel to present no serious risk of becoming involved
in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase
transaction.
DEBT SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in debt securities that are rated in any
rating category by S&P or Moody's or that are unrated by any rating agency. As
an operating policy, which may be changed by the Board without shareholder
approval, the Fund will invest no more than 5% of its assets in debt securities
rated lower than Baa by Moody's or BBB by S&P. The market value of debt
securities generally varies in response to changes in interest rates and the
financial condition of each issuer. During periods of declining interest rates,
the value of debt securities generally increases. Conversely, during periods of
rising interest rates, the value of such securities generally declines. These
changes in market value will be reflected in the Fund's Net Asset Value.
Bonds which are rated Baa by Moody's are considered as medium grade obligations,
I.E., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments
and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well. Bonds which are rated C by
Moody's are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded
as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment
standing.
Bonds rated BBB by S&P are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for
bonds in this category than in higher rated categories. Bonds rated D by S&P are
the lowest rated class of bonds, and generally are in payment default. The D
rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt
service payments are jeopardized.
Although they may offer higher yields than do higher rated securities, high
risk, lower quality debt securities (commonly referred to as "junk bonds") and
generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of principal and income,
including the possibility of default by, or bankruptcy of, the issuers of the
securities. In addition, the markets in which low rated and unrated debt
securities are traded are more limited than those in which higher rated
securities are traded. The existence of limited markets for particular
securities may diminish the Fund's ability to sell the securities at fair value
either to meet redemption requests or to respond to a specific economic event
such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. Reduced secondary
market liquidity for certain low rated or unrated debt securities may also make
it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for the
purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio. Market quotations are generally
available on many low rated or unrated securities only from a limited number of
dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices
for actual sales.
Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental
analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of low rated debt securities,
especially in a thinly traded market. Analysis of the creditworthiness of
issuers of low rated debt securities may be more complex than for issuers of
higher rated securities, and the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment
objective may, to the extent of investment in low rated debt securities, be more
dependent upon such creditworthiness analysis than would be the case if the Fund
were investing in higher rated securities.
Low rated debt securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse
economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities.
The prices of low rated debt securities have been found to be less sensitive to
interest rate changes than higher rated investments, but more sensitive to
adverse economic downturns or individual corporate developments. A projection of
an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could
cause a decline in low rated debt securities prices because the advent of a
recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make
principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If the issuer of low
rated debt securities defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses seeking
recovery.
The Fund may invest in yen-denominated bonds sold in Japan by non-Japanese
issuers ("Samurai bonds") and in dollar-denominated bonds sold in the U.S. by
non-U.S. issuers ("Yankee bonds"). As compared with bonds issued in their
countries of domicile, such bond issues normally carry a higher interest rate
but are less actively traded. The Fund will invest in Samurai or Yankee bond
issues only after taking into account consideration of quality and liquidity, as
well as yield. These bonds would be issued by governments which are members of
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development or have AAA ratings.
The Fund may accrue and report interest income on high yield bonds, such as zero
coupon bonds or pay-in-kind securities, even though it receives no cash interest
until the security's maturity or payment date. In order to qualify for
beneficial tax treatment afforded regulated investment companies, and generally
to be relieved of federal tax liabilities, the Fund must distribute
substantially all of its net income and gains to shareholders (see "Additional
Information on Distributions and Taxes") generally on an annual basis. The Fund
may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances
to generate cash or leverage itself by borrowing cash in order to satisfy the
distribution requirement.
STRUCTURED INVESTMENTS. Included among the issuers of debt securities in which
the Fund may invest are entities organized and operated solely for the purpose
of restructuring the investment characteristics of various securities. These
entities are typically organized by investment banking firms which receive fees
in connection with establishing each entity and arranging for the placement of
its securities. This type of restructuring involves the deposit with or purchase
by an entity, such as a corporation or trust, of specified instruments and the
issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities ("structured
investments") backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying
instruments. The cash flows on the underlying instruments may be apportioned
among the newly issued structured investments to create securities with
different investment characteristics such as varying maturities, payment
priorities or interest rate provisions. The extent of the payments made with
respect to structured investments is dependent on the extent of the cash flows
on the underlying instruments. Because structured investments of the type in
which the Fund anticipates investing typically involve no credit enhancement,
their credit risk will generally be equivalent to that of the underlying
instruments.
The Fund is permitted to invest in a class of structured investments that is
either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class.
Subordinated structured investments typically have higher yields and present
greater risks than unsubordinated structured investments. Although the Fund's
purchase of subordinated structured investments would have a similar economic
effect to that of borrowing against the underlying securities, the purchase will
not be deemed to be leveraged for purposes of the limitations placed on the
extent of the Fund's assets that may be used for borrowing activities.
Certain issuers of structured investments may be deemed to be "investment
companies" as defined in the 1940 Act. The Fund's investment in these structured
investments may be limited by its investment restrictions. See "Investment
Restrictions" below. Structured investments are typically sold in private
placement transactions, and there currently is no active trading market for
structured investments. To the extent such investments are illiquid, they will
be subject to the Fund's restrictions on investments in illiquid securities.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in convertible securities, including
convertible debt and convertible preferred stock. Convertible securities are
fixed-income securities which may be converted at a stated price within a
specific amount of time into a specified number of shares of common stock. These
securities are usually senior to common stock in a corporation's capital
structure, but usually are subordinated to non-convertible debt securities. In
general, the value of a convertible security is the higher of its investment
value (its value as a fixed-income security) and its conversion value (the value
of the underlying shares of common stock if the security is converted). The
investment value of a convertible security generally increases when interest
rates decline and generally decreases when interest rates rise. The conversion
value of a convertible security is influenced by the value of the underlying
common stock.
FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may purchase and sell financial futures contracts.
Although some financial futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of
the underlying securities, in most cases these obligations are closed out before
the settlement date. The closing of a contractual obligation is accomplished by
purchasing or selling an identical offsetting futures contract. Other financial
futures contracts by their terms call for cash settlements.
The Fund may also buy and sell index futures contracts with respect to any stock
or bond index traded on a recognized stock exchange or board of trade. An index
futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a specified
future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. The index futures
contract specifies that no delivery of the actual securities making up the index
will take place. Instead, settlement in cash must occur upon the termination of
the contract, with the settlement being the difference between the contract
price and the actual level of the index at the expiration of the contract.
At the time the Fund purchases a futures contract, an amount of cash, U.S.
government securities, or other highly liquid debt securities equal to the
market value of the contract will be deposited in a segregated account with the
Fund's custodian. When writing a futures contract, the Fund will maintain with
its custodian liquid assets that, when added to the amounts deposited with a
futures commission merchant or broker as margin, are equal to the market value
of the instruments underlying the contract. Alternatively, the Fund may "cover"
its position by owning the instruments underlying the contract or, in the case
of an index futures contract, owning a portfolio with a volatility substantially
similar to that of the index on which the futures contract is based, or holding
a call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a
price no higher than the price of the contract written by the Fund (or at a
higher price if the difference is maintained in liquid assets with the Fund's
custodian).
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES, INDICES AND FUTURES. The Fund may write covered put and
call options and purchase put and call options on securities, securities indices
and futures contracts that are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges and in the
over-the-counter markets.
An option on a security or a futures contract is a contract that gives the
purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy a
specified security or futures contract (in the case of a call option) or to sell
a specified security or futures contract (in the case of a put option) from or
to the writer of the option at a designated price during the term of the option.
An option on a securities index gives the purchaser of the option, in return for
the premium paid, the right to receive from the seller cash equal to the
difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the
option.
The Fund may write a call or put option only if the option is "covered." A call
option on a security or futures contract written by the Fund is "covered" if the
Fund owns the underlying security or futures contract covered by the call or has
an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash
consideration (or for additional cash consideration held in a segregated account
by its custodian) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its
portfolio. A call option on a security or futures contract is also covered if
the Fund holds a call on the same security or futures contract and in the same
principal amount as the call written where the exercise price of the call held
(a) is equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written or (b) is
greater than the exercise price of the call written if the difference is
maintained by the Fund in cash or high grade U.S. government securities in a
segregated account with its custodian. A put option on a security or futures
contract written by the Fund is "covered" if the Fund maintains cash or
fixed-income securities with a value equal to the exercise price in a segregated
account with its custodian, or else holds a put on the same security or futures
contract and in the same principal amount as the put written where the exercise
price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put
written.
The Fund will cover call options on securities indices that it writes by owning
securities whose price changes, in the opinion of Investment Counsel, are
expected to be similar to those of the index, or in such other manner as may be
in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the option is traded and
applicable laws and regulations. Nevertheless, where the Fund covers a call
option on a securities index through ownership of securities, such securities
may not match the composition of the index. In that event, the Fund will not be
fully covered and could be subject to risk of loss in the event of adverse
changes in the value of the index. The Fund will cover put options on securities
indices that it writes by segregating assets equal to the option's exercise
price, or in such other manner as may be in accordance with the rules of the
exchange on which the option is traded and applicable laws and regulations.
The Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option, which
increases its gross income in the event the option expires unexercised or is
closed out at a profit. If the value of a security, index or futures contract on
which the Fund has written a call option falls or remains the same, the Fund
will realize a profit in the form of the premium received (less transaction
costs) that could offset all or a portion of any decline in the value of the
portfolio securities being hedged. If the value of the underlying security,
index or futures contract rises, however, the Fund will realize a loss in its
call option position, which will reduce the benefit of any unrealized
appreciation in its investments. By writing a put option, the Fund assumes the
risk of a decline in the underlying security, index or futures contract. To the
extent that the price changes of the portfolio securities being hedged correlate
with changes in the value of the underlying security, index or futures contract,
writing covered put options will increase the Fund's losses in the event of a
market decline, although such losses will be offset in part by the premium
received for writing the option.
The Fund may also purchase put options to hedge its investments against a
decline in value. By purchasing a put option, the Fund will seek to offset a
decline in the value of the portfolio securities being hedged through
appreciation of the put option. If the value of the Fund's investments does not
decline as anticipated, or if the value of the option does not increase, the
Fund's loss will be limited to the premium paid for the option plus related
transaction costs. The success of this strategy will depend, in part, on the
accuracy of the correlation between the changes in value of the underlying
security, index or futures contract and the changes in value of the Fund's
security holdings being hedged.
The Fund may purchase call options on individual securities or futures contracts
to hedge against an increase in the price of securities or futures contracts
that it anticipates purchasing in the future. Similarly, the Fund may purchase
call options on a securities index to attempt to reduce the risk of missing a
broad market advance, or an advance in an industry or market segment, at a time
when the Fund holds uninvested cash or short-term debt securities awaiting
investment. When purchasing call options, the Fund will bear the risk of losing
all or a portion of the premium paid if the value of the underlying security,
index or futures contract does not rise.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to
close out an option position. Trading could be interrupted, for example, because
of supply and demand imbalances arising from a lack of either buyers or sellers,
or the options exchange could suspend trading after the price has risen or
fallen more than the maximum specified by the exchange. Although the Fund may be
able to offset to some extent any adverse effects of being unable to liquidate
an option position, it may experience losses in some cases as a result of such
inability. The value of over-the-counter options purchased by the Fund, as well
as the cover for options written by the Fund, are considered not readily
marketable and are subject to the Fund's limitation on investments in securities
that are not readily marketable. See "Investment Restrictions."
FOREIGN CURRENCY HEDGING TRANSACTIONS. In order to hedge against foreign
currency exchange rate risks, the Fund may enter into forward foreign currency
exchange contracts and foreign currency futures contracts, as well as purchase
put or call options on foreign currencies, as described below. The Fund may also
conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions on a spot (I.E., cash) basis
at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market.
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts ("forward
contracts") to attempt to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in
the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. A forward
contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency for an agreed
price at a future date which is individually negotiated and privately traded by
currency traders and their customers. The Fund may enter into a forward
contract, for example, when it enters into a contract for the purchase or sale
of a security denominated in a foreign currency in order to "lock in" the U.S.
dollar price of the security. In addition, for example, when the Fund believes
that a foreign currency may suffer or enjoy a substantial movement against
another currency, it may enter into a forward contract to sell an amount of the
former foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio
securities denominated in such foreign currency. This second investment practice
is generally referred to as "cross-hedging." Because in connection with the
Fund's forward foreign currency transactions, an amount of its assets equal to
the amount of the purchase will be held aside or segregated to be used to pay
for the commitment, the Fund will always have cash, cash equivalents or high
quality debt securities available in an amount sufficient to cover any
commitments under these contracts or to limit any potential risk. The segregated
account will be marked-to-market on a daily basis. While these contracts are not
presently regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"), the
CFTC may in the future assert authority to regulate forward contracts. In such
event, the Fund's ability to utilize forward contracts in the manner set forth
above may be restricted. Forward contracts may limit potential gain from a
positive change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign
currencies. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in poorer
overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in such contracts.
The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on foreign currencies for
the purpose of protecting against declines in the dollar value of foreign
portfolio securities and against increases in the dollar cost of foreign
securities to be acquired. As is the case with other kinds of options, however,
the writing of an option on foreign currency will constitute only a partial
hedge up to the amount of the premium received, and the Fund could be required
to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates,
thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on foreign currency may
constitute an effective hedge against fluctuation in exchange rates, although,
in the event of rate movements adverse to its position, the Fund may forfeit the
entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs. Options on foreign
currencies to be written or purchased by the Fund will be traded on U.S. and
foreign exchanges or over-the-counter.
The Fund may enter into exchange-traded contracts for the purchase or sale for
future delivery of foreign currencies ("foreign currency futures"). This
investment technique will be used only to hedge against anticipated future
changes in exchange rates which otherwise might adversely affect the value of
the Fund's portfolio securities or adversely affect the prices of securities
that the Fund intends to purchase at a later date. The successful use of foreign
currency futures will usually depend on the ability of Investment Counsel to
forecast currency exchange rate movements correctly. Should exchange rates move
in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of
foreign currency futures or may realize losses.
WHAT ARE THE FUND'S POTENTIAL RISKS?
The Fund's concentration of its investments in Japan means the Fund will be more
dependent on the investment considerations discussed below and may be more
volatile than a fund which is broadly diversified geographically.
Additional factors relating to Japan include the following:
In the past, Japan has experienced earthquakes and tidal waves of varying
degrees of severity, and the risks of such phenomena, and damage resulting
therefrom, continue to exist. Japan also has one of the world's highest
population densities. Approximately 45% of the total population of Japan is
concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya.
Since the end of World War II, Japan has experienced significant economic
development and among the free industrial nations of the world is second only to
the U.S. in terms of gross national product ("GNP"). During the years of high
economic growth in the 1960's and early 1970's, the expansion was based on the
development of heavy industries such as steel and shipbuilding. In the 1970's
Japan moved into assembly industries which employ high levels of technology and
consume relatively low quantities of resources, and since then has become a
major producer of electrical and electronic products and automobiles. Since the
mid-1980's Japan has become a major creditor nation, with extensive trade
surpluses. With the exception of periods associated with the oil crises of 1974
and 1978, Japan has generally experienced very low levels of inflation. There
is, of course, no guarantee these favorable trends will continue.
The government of Japan has called for a transformation of the economy away from
its high dependency on export-led growth towards greater stimulation of the
domestic economy. In addition, there has been a move toward more economic
liberalization and discounting in the consumer sector. These shifts have already
begun to take place and may cause disruption in the Japanese economy.
Japan's economy is a market economy in which industry and commerce are
predominantly privately owned and operated. However, the Japanese Government is
involved in establishing and meeting objectives for developing the economy and
improving the standard of living of the Japanese people.
Japan has historically depended on oil for most of its energy requirements.
Almost all of its oil is imported, with the majority imported from the Middle
East. In the past, oil prices have had a major impact on the domestic economy,
but more recently Japan has worked to reduce its dependence on oil by
encouraging energy conservation and use of alternative fuels. In addition, a
restructuring of industry, with emphasis shifting from basic industries to
processing and assembly-type industries, has contributed to the reduction of oil
consumption.
However, there is no guarantee this favorable trend will continue.
Overseas trade is important to Japan's economy. Japan has few natural resources
and must export to pay for its imports of these basic requirements. Japan's
principal export markets are the U.S., Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany,
Australia, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China. The
principal sources of its imports are the U.S., South East Asia and the Middle
East. Because of the concentration of Japanese exports in highly visible
products such as automobiles, machine tools and semiconductors and the large
trade surpluses ensuing therefrom, Japan has had difficult relations with its
trading partners, particularly the U.S., where the trade imbalance is the
greatest. It is possible trade sanctions or other protectionist measures could
impact Japan adversely in both the short- and long-term.
Although under normal circumstances at least 80% of the Fund's assets will be
invested in equity securities of Japanese issuers, the Fund has the right to
purchase securities in any foreign country, developed or developing. You should
consider carefully the substantial risks involved in securities of companies and
governments of foreign nations, including Japan, which are in addition to the
usual risks inherent in domestic investments.
There may be less publicly available information about foreign companies
comparable to the reports and ratings published about companies in the U.S.
Foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting or financial
reporting standards, and auditing practices and requirements may not be
comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. The Fund, therefore, may
encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its
portfolio and calculating its Net Asset Value. Foreign markets have
substantially less volume than the NYSE and securities of some foreign companies
are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies.
The Tokyo Stock Exchange has a large volume of trading and Investment Counsel
believes that securities of companies traded in Japan are generally as liquid as
securities of comparable U.S. companies. Commission rates in foreign countries,
which are generally fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are
likely to be higher. In many foreign countries there is less government
supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies than
in the U.S.
Investments in companies domiciled in developing countries may be subject to
potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries. These risks
include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) the small
current size of the markets for such securities and the currently low or
nonexistent volume of trading, which result in a lack of liquidity and in
greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the
Fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers
or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation; (v)
the absence of developed structures governing private or foreign investment or
allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (vi) the absence
until recently, in certain Eastern European countries, of a capital market
structure or market-oriented economy; and (vii) the possibility that recent
favorable economic developments in Eastern Europe may be slowed or reversed by
unanticipated political or social events in such countries.
In addition, many countries in which the Fund may invest have experienced
substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many
years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of
certain countries. Moreover, the economies of some developing countries may
differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth
of gross domestic products, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Investments in Eastern European countries may involve risks of nationalization,
expropriation and confiscatory taxation. The Communist governments of a number
of Eastern European countries expropriated large amounts of private property in
the past, in many cases without adequate compensation, and there can be no
assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future. In the event of
such expropriation, the Fund could lose a substantial portion of any investments
it has made in the affected countries. Further, no accounting standards exist in
Eastern European countries. Finally, even though certain Eastern European
currencies may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion rates may be
artificial to the actual market values and may be adverse to the Fund.
Investing in Russian securities involves a high degree of risk and special
considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities
markets, and should be considered highly speculative. Such risks include: (1)
delays in settling portfolio transactions and risk of loss arising out of
Russia's system of share registration and custody; (2) the risk that it may be
impossible or more difficult than in other countries to obtain and/or enforce a
judgment; (3) pervasiveness of corruption and crime in the Russian economic
system; (4) currency exchange rate volatility and the lack of available currency
hedging instruments; (5) higher rates of inflation (including the risk of social
unrest associated with periods of hyper-inflation); (6) controls on foreign
investment and local practices disfavoring foreign investors and limitations on
repatriation of invested capital, profits and dividends, and on the Fund's
ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (7) the risk that the
government of Russia or other executive or legislative bodies may decide not to
continue to support the economic reform programs implemented since the
dissolution of the Soviet Union and could follow radically different political
and/or economic policies to the detriment of investors, including
non-market-oriented policies such as the support of certain industries at the
expense of other sectors or investors, or a return to the centrally planned
economy that existed prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union; (8) the
financial condition of Russian companies, including large amounts of
inter-company debt which may create a payments crisis on a national scale; (9)
dependency on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade;
(10) the risk that the Russian tax system will not be reformed to prevent
inconsistent, retroactive and/or exorbitant taxation; and (11) possible
difficulty in identifying a purchaser of securities held by the Fund due to the
underdeveloped nature of the securities markets.
There is little historical data on Russian securities markets because they are
relatively new and a substantial proportion of securities transactions in Russia
are privately negotiated outside of stock exchanges. Because of the recent
formation of the securities markets as well as the underdeveloped state of the
banking and telecommunications systems, settlement, clearing and registration of
securities transactions are subject to significant risks. Ownership of shares
(except where shares are held through depositories that meet the requirements of
the 1940 Act) is defined according to entries in the company's share register
and normally evidenced by extracts from the register or by formal share
certificates. However, there is no central registration system for shareholders
and these services are carried out by the companies themselves or by registrars
located throughout Russia. These registrars are not necessarily subject to
effective state supervision and it is possible for the Fund to lose its
registration through fraud, negligence or even mere oversight. While the Fund
will endeavor to ensure that its interest continues to be appropriately recorded
either itself or through a custodian or other agent inspecting the share
register and by obtaining extracts of share registers through regular
confirmations, these extracts have no legal enforceability and it is possible
that subsequent illegal amendment or other fraudulent act may deprive the Fund
of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its interests. In addition, while
applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses
resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce any
rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the
event of loss of share registration. Furthermore, although a Russian public
enterprise with more than 1,000 shareholders is required by law to contract out
the maintenance of its shareholder register to an independent entity that meets
certain criteria, in practice this regulation has not always been strictly
enforced. Because of this lack of independence, management of a company may be
able to exert considerable influence over who can purchase and sell the
company's shares by illegally instructing the registrar to refuse to record
transactions in the share register. This practice may prevent the Fund from
investing in the securities of certain Russian issues deemed suitable by
Investment Counsel. Further, this also could cause a delay in the sale of
Russian securities by the Fund if a potential purchaser is deemed unsuitable,
which may expose the Fund to potential loss on the investment.
The Fund endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a basis as
practicable. Some price spread on currency exchange (to cover service charges)
may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from one country
to another or when proceeds of the sale of shares in U.S. dollars are used for
the purchase of securities in foreign countries. Also, some countries may adopt
policies which would prevent the Fund from transferring cash out of the country
or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source. There is the
possibility of cessation of trading on national exchanges, expropriation,
nationalization or confiscatory taxation, withholding and other foreign taxes on
income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may include suspension
of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), default in foreign
government securities, political or social instability, or diplomatic
developments which could affect investments in securities of issuers in foreign
nations.
The Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the
relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations, by
exchange control regulations and by indigenous economic and political
developments. Some countries in which the Fund may invest may also have fixed or
managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further,
certain currencies may not be internationally traded. Certain of these
currencies have experienced a steady devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar.
Any devaluations in the currencies in which the Fund's portfolio securities are
denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund. Through the flexible
policy of the Fund, Investment Counsel endeavors to avoid unfavorable
consequences and to take advantage of favorable developments in particular
nations where from time to time it places the Fund's investments.
The exercise of this flexible policy may include decisions to purchase
securities with substantial risk characteristics and other decisions such as
changing the emphasis on investments from one nation to another and from one
type of security to another. Some of these decisions may later prove profitable
and others may not. No assurance can be given that profits, if any, will exceed
losses.
The Board considers at least annually the likelihood of the imposition by any
foreign government of exchange control restrictions which would affect the
liquidity of the Fund's assets maintained with custodians in foreign countries,
as well as the degree of risk from political acts of foreign governments to
which such assets may be exposed. The Board also considers the degree of risk
involved through the holding of portfolio securities in domestic and foreign
securities depositories (see "Investment Management and Other Services").
However, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on
the part of Investment Counsel, any losses resulting from the holding of
portfolio securities in foreign countries and/or with securities depositories
will be at the risk of the shareholders. No assurance can be given that the
Board's appraisal of the risks will always be correct or that such exchange
control restrictions or political acts of foreign governments will not occur.
The Fund's ability to reduce or eliminate its futures and related options
positions will depend upon the liquidity of the secondary markets for such
futures and options. The Fund intends to purchase or sell futures and related
options only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active
secondary market, but there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will
exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. Use of futures and
options for hedging may involve risks because of imperfect correlations between
movements in the prices of the futures or options and movements in the prices of
the securities being hedged. Successful use of futures and related options by
the Fund for hedging purposes also depends upon Investment Counsel's ability to
predict correctly movements in the direction of the market, as to which no
assurance can be given.
There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities
indices. For example, there are significant differences between the securities
and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these
markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. A decision
as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and
judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some
degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. There can be no
assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an
option position. If the Fund were unable to close out an option that it had
purchased on a securities index, it would have to exercise the option in order
to realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. If trading were
suspended in an option purchased by the Fund, it would not be able to close out
the option. If restrictions on exercise were imposed, the Fund might be unable
to exercise an option it has purchased. Except to the extent that a call option
on an index written by the Fund is covered by an option on the same index
purchased by the Fund, movements in the index may result in a loss to the Fund;
however, such losses may be mitigated by changes in the value of the Fund's
securities during the period the option was outstanding.
Additional risks may be involved with the Fund's special investment techniques,
including loans of portfolio securities and borrowing for investment purposes.
These risks are described under the heading "What Are the Fund's Potential
Risks?" in the Prospectus.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies. These
restrictions may not be changed without the approval of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, this means the
approval of (i) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund or (ii) 67%
or more of the shares of the Fund present at a shareholder meeting if more than
50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are represented at the meeting in
person or by proxy, whichever is less.
The Fund MAY NOT:
1. Invest in real estate or mortgages on real estate (although the Fund may
invest in marketable securities secured by real estate or interests
therein); invest in other open-end investment companies (except in
connection with a merger, consolidation, acquisition or reorganization);
invest in interests (other than publicly issued debentures or equity stock
interests) in oil, gas or other mineral exploration or development
programs; or purchase or sell commodity contracts (except futures contracts
as described in the Fund's Prospectus).
2. Purchase any security (other than obligations of the U.S. government, its
agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, as to 75% of the Fund's
total assets (a) more than 5% of the Fund's total assets would then be
invested in securities of any single issuer, or (b) the Fund would then own
more than 10% of the voting securities of any single issuer.
3. Act as an underwriter; issue senior securities except as set forth in
investment restriction 6 below; or purchase on margin or sell short, except
that the Fund may make margin payments in connection with futures, options
and currency transactions.
4. Loan money, except that the Fund may (a) purchase a portion of an issue of
publicly distributed bonds, debentures, notes and other evidences of
indebtedness, (b) enter into repurchase agreements and (c) lend its
portfolio securities.
5. Borrow money, except that the Fund may borrow money from banks in an amount
not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the
amount borrowed).
6. Mortgage, pledge or hypothecate its assets (except as may be necessary in
connection with permitted borrowings) provided, however, this does not
prohibit escrow, collateral or margin arrangements in connection with its
use of options, futures contracts and options on futures contracts.
7. Invest more than 25% of its total assets in a single industry. For purposes
of this restriction, (a) a foreign government is considered to be an
industry, and (b) all supra-national entities, in the aggregate, are
considered to be an industry.
8. Participate on a joint or a joint and several basis in any trading account
in securities. (See "How Does the Fund Buy Securities for its Portfolio?"
as to transactions in the same securities for the Fund, other clients
and/or other mutual funds within the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.)
If the Fund receives from an issuer of securities held by the Fund subscription
rights to purchase securities of that issuer, and if the Fund exercises such
subscription rights at a time when the Fund's portfolio holdings of securities
of that issuer would otherwise exceed the limits set forth in Investment
Restrictions 2 or 7 above, it will not constitute a violation if, prior to
receipt of securities upon exercise of such rights, and after announcement of
such rights, the Fund has sold at least as many securities of the same class and
value as it would receive on exercise of such rights.
ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS. The Fund has adopted the following additional
restrictions which are not fundamental and which may be changed without
shareholder approval, to the extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or
regulatory policy. Under these restrictions, the Fund MAY NOT:
1. Purchase or retain securities of any company in which trustees or officers
of the Fund or of Investment Counsel, individually owning more than 1/2 of
1% of the securities of such company, in the aggregate own morE than 5% of
the securities of such company.
2. Invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of
issuers which have been in continuous operation less than three years.
3. Invest more than 5% of its net assets in warrants whether or not listed on
the NYSE or American Stock Exchange, and more than 2% of its net assets in
warrants that are not listed on those exchanges. Warrants acquired in units
or attached to securities are not included in this restriction.
4. Purchase or sell real estate limited partnership interests.
5. Purchase or sell interests in oil, gas and mineral leases (other than
securities of companies that invest in or sponsor such programs).
6. Invest in any company for the purpose of exercising control or management.
7. Purchase more than 10% of a company's outstanding voting securities.
8. Invest more than 15% of the Fund's total assets in securities that are not
readily marketable (including repurchase agreements maturing in more than
seven days and over-the-counter options purchased by the Fund), including
no more than 10% of its total assets in restricted securities. Rule 144A
securities are not subject to the 10% limitation on restricted securities,
although the Fund will limit its investment in all restricted securities,
including 144A securities, to 15% of its total assets.
9. Invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of
issuers domiciled in Eastern Europe and in non-European members of the
Commonwealth of Independent States.
If a percentage restriction is met at the time of investment, a later increase
or decrease in the percentage due to a change in the value or liquidity of
portfolio securities or the amount of assets will not be considered a violation
of any of the foregoing restrictions.
OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES
including general supervision and review of its investment activities. The
Board, in turn, elects the officers of the Fund who are responsible for
administering the Fund's day-to-day operations. The affiliations of the officers
and Board members and their principal occupations for the past five years are
shown below. Members of the Board who are considered "interested persons" of the
Fund under the 1940 Act are indicated by an asterisk (*).
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
HARRIS J. ASHTON Trustee Chairman of the board, president, and chief executive
Metro Center officer of General Host Corporation (nursery and craft
1 Station Place centers); director of RBC Holdings Inc. (a bank holding
Stamford, Connecticut company) and Bar-S Foods; and director or trustee may be,
Age 65 of 53 of the investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
*NICHOLAS F. BRADY Trustee Chairman of Templeton Emerging Markets Investment Trust
The Bullitt House PLC; chairman of Templeton Latin America Investment Trust
102 East Dover Street PLC; chairman of Darby Overseas Investments, Ltd. (an
Easton, Maryland investment firm) (1994-present); chairman and director of
Age 67 Templeton Central and Eastern European Investment
Company; director of the Amerada Hess Corporation,
Christiana Companies, and the H.J. Heinz Company; formerly,
Secretary of the United States Department of the
Treasury (1988-1993) and chairman of the board of
Dillon, Read & Co. Inc. (investment banking) prior to
1988; and director or trustee of 23 of the investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
*MARTIN L. FLANAGAN Trustee and Vice Senior vice president, treasurer and chief financial
777 Mariners Island Blvd. President officer of Franklin Resources, Inc.; director and
San Mateo, California executive vice president of Templeton Worldwide, Inc.;
Age 37 and director, executive vice president and chief
operating officer of Templeton Investment Counsel,
Inc.; senior vice president and treasurer of Franklin
Advisers, Inc.; treasurer of Franklin Advisory Services,
Inc.; treasurer and chief financial officer of Franklin
Investment Advisory Services, Inc.; president of Franklin
Templeton Services, Inc.; senior vice president of
Franklin/Templeton Investor Services, Inc.; and officer
and/or director or trustee, as the case may be, of 58 of the
investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds.
S. JOSEPH FORTUNATO Trustee Member of the law firm of Pitney, Hardin, Kipp & Szuch;
200 Campus Drive director of General Host Corporation (nursery and
Florham Park, New Jersey craft centers); and director or trustee of 55 of
Age 65 the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group
of Funds.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
JOHN Wm. GALBRAITH Trustee President of Galbraith Properties, Inc. (personal
360 Central Avenue investment company); director of Gulf West Banks, Inc.
Suite 1300 (bank holding company) (1995-present); formerly, director
St. Petersburg, Florida of Mercantile Bank (1991-1995); vice chairman of
Age 75 Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger Ltd. (1986-1992), and
chairman of Templeton Funds Management, Inc. (1974-1991);
and director or trustee of 22 of the investment companies
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
ANDREW H. HINES, JR. Trustee Consultant for the Triangle Consulting Group;
150 2nd Avenue N. executive-in-residence of Eckerd College (1991- present);
St. Petersburg, Florida formerly, chairman of the board and chief executive
Age 74 officer of Florida Progress Corporation (1982-1990) and
director of various of its subsidiaries; and director or
trustee of 24 of the investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
EDITH E. HOLIDAY Trustee Director (1993-present) of Amerada Hess Corporation and
3239 38th Street, N.W. Hercules Incorporated; director of Beverly Enterprises,
Washington, D.C. Inc. (1995-present) and H.J. Heinz Company (1994-present);
Age 45 chairman (1995-present) and trustee (1993-present) of
National Child Research Center; formerly, assistant to the
President of the United States and Secretary of
the Cabinet (1990-1993), general counsel to the United
States Treasury Department (1989-1990), and counselor to the
Secretary and Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs and Public
Liaison - United Stated Treasury Department (1988-1989); and
director or trustee of 15 of the investment companies in the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
*CHARLES B. JOHNSON Chairman of the President, chief executive officer and director of
777 Mariners Island Blvd. Board and Vice Franklin Resources, Inc.; chairman of the board and
San Mateo, California President director of Franklin Advisers, Inc., Franklin Investment
Age 64 Advisory Services, Inc., Franklin Advisory Services, Inc.
and Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc.; director of
Franklin/Templeton Investors Services, Inc., Franklin
Templeton Services, Inc., General Host Corporation (nursery
and craft centers), and officer and/or director
or trustee, as the case may be, of most of the
other subsidiaries of Franklin Resources, Inc.
and 54 of the investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
*CHARLES E. JOHNSON Trustee and Senior vice president and director of Franklin Resources,
777 Mariners Island Blvd. President Inc.; senior vice president of Franklin Templeton
San Mateo, California Distributors, Inc.; president and director of Templeton
Age 41 Worldwide, Inc.; president, chief executive officer and
director of Franklin Institutional Services Corporation; chairman
and director of Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc.; vice
president of Franklin Advisers, Inc.; officer and/or
director of some of the other subsidiaries of Franklin Resources,
Inc.; and officer and/or director or trustee, as the case
may be, of 37 of the investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
BETTY P. KRAHMER Trustee Director or trustee of various civic associations;
2201 Kentmere Parkway formerly, economic analyst, U.S. government; and director
Wilmington, Delaware or trustee of 23 of the investment companies in the
Age 68 Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
GORDON S. MACKLIN Trustee Chairman of White River Corporation (information and
8212 Burning Tree Road financial services); director of Fund American Enterprises
Bethesda, Maryland Holdings, Inc., MCI Communications Corporation, CCC
Age 69 Information Services Group, Inc. (information services),
MedImmune, Inc. (biotechnology), Source One Mortgage
Services Corp. (financial services), Shoppers Express,
Inc. (home shopping service) and Spacehab, Inc. (aerospace
technology); formerly, chairman of Hambrecht and Quist
Group, director of H&Q Healthcare Investors, and president
of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.;
and director or trustee of 50 of the investment companies
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
FRED R. MILLSAPS Trustee Manager of personal investments (1978-present); director
2665 N.E. 37th Drive of various business and nonprofit organizations; formerly,
Fort Lauderdale, Florida chairman and chief executive officer of Landmark Banking
Age 68 Corporation (1969-1978), financial vice president of
Florida Power and Light (1965-1969), and vice
president of The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (1958-1965);
and director or trustee of 24 of the investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
RUPERT H. JOHNSON, JR. Vice President Executive vice president and director of Franklin
777 Mariners Island Blvd. Resources, Inc. and Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc.;
San Mateo, California president and director of Franklin Advisers, Inc.; senior
Age 56 vice president and director of Franklin Advisory Services,
Inc.; director of Franklin/Templeton Investor Services,
Inc.; and officer and/or director or trustee, as the case
may be, of most other subsidiaries of Franklin Resources,
Inc. and of 58 of the investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
HARMON E. BURNS Vice President Executive vice president, secretary and director of
777 Mariners Island Blvd. Franklin Resources, Inc.; executive vice president and
San Mateo, California director of Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. and
Age 52 Franklin Templeton Services, Inc.; executive vice
president of Franklin Advisers, Inc.; director of
Franklin/Templeton Investor Services, Inc.; officer and/or
director or trustee, as the case may be, of
other subsidiaries of Franklin Resources,
Inc.; and 58 of the investment companies in
the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
DEBORAH R. GATZEK Vice President Senior vice president and general counsel of Franklin
777 Mariners Island Blvd. Resources, Inc.; senior vice president of Franklin
San Mateo, California Templeton Services, Inc. and Franklin Templeton
Age 48 Distributors, Inc.; vice president of Franklin Advisers,
Inc. and Franklin Advisory Services, Inc.; vice president,
chief legal officer and chief operating officer of
Franklin Investment Advisory Services Inc.; and officer of
58 of the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
MARK G. HOLOWESKO Vice President President and director of Templeton Global Advisors
Lyford Cay Limited; chief investment officer of global equity
Nassau, Bahamas research for Templeton Worldwide, Inc.; formerly,
Age 37 investment administrator with Roy West Trust Corporation
(Bahamas) Limited (1984-1985); and officer of 23 of the
investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds.
WILLIAM T. HOWARD, JR. Vice President Vice president of Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc.;
500 East Broward Blvd. formerly, portfolio manager and analyst, Tennessee
Fort Lauderdale, Florida Consolidated Retirement System (1986-1993).
Age 39
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
JOHN R. KAY Vice President Vice president and treasurer of Templeton Worldwide, Inc.;
500 East Broward Blvd. Fort assistant vice president of Franklin Templeton
Lauderdale, Florida Age 57 Distributors, Inc.; formerly, vice president and
controller of the Keystone Group Inc.; and officer
of 27 of the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
ELIZABETH M. KNOBLOCK ViceBPresident General counsel, secretary and a senior vice president of
500 East Broward Blvd. Compliance Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc.; senior vice president
Fort Lauderdale, Florida of Templeton Global Investors, Inc.; formerly, vice
Age 42 president and associate general counsel of Kidder Peabody
& Co. Inc. (1989-1990), assistant general counsel of
Gruntal & Co., Inc. (1988), vice president and associate
general counsel of Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. (1988),
vice president and assistant general counsel of E.F.
Hutton & Co. Inc. (1986-1988), and special counsel of the
Division of Investment Management of the Securities and
Exchange Commission (1984-1986); and officer of 23 of the
investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds.
JAMES R. BAIO Treasurer Certified public accountant; treasurer of Franklin Mutual
500 East Broward Blvd. Fort Advisers, Inc.; senior vice president of Templeton
Lauderdale, Florida Age 43 Worldwide, Inc., Templeton Global Investors, Inc. and
Templeton Funds Trust Company; formerly, senior tax
manager of Ernst & Young (certified public accountants)
(1977-1989); and treasurer of 24 of the investment companies in
the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITIONS AND
OFFICES WITH THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE FUND
<S> <C> <C>
BARBARA J. GREEN Secretary Senior vice president of Templeton Worldwide, Inc. and an
500 East Broward Blvd. officer of other subsidiaries of Templeton Worldwide,
Fort Lauderdale, Florida Inc.; senior vice president of Templeton Global Investors,
Age 49 Inc.; formerly, deputy director of the Division of
Investment Management, executive assistant and
senior advisor to the chairman, counsellor to
the chairman, special counsel and attorney
fellow, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
(1986-1995); attorney, Rogers & Wells; and
judicial clerk, U.S. District Court (District of
Massachusetts); and secretary of 23 of the
investment companies in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
* Nicholas F. Brady, Martin L. Flanagan, Charles E. Johnson and Charles B.
Johnson are "interested persons" of the Fund under the 1940 Act, which limits
the percentage of interested persons that can comprise a fund's board. Charles
B. Johnson is an interested person due to his ownership interest in Resources,
and Martin L. Flanagan and Charles E. Johnson are interested persons due to
their employment affiliations with Resources. Mr. Brady's status as an
interested person results from his business affiliations with Resources and
Templeton Global Advisors Limited. Mr. Brady and Resources are both limited
partners of Darby Overseas Partners, L.P. ("Darby Overseas"). Mr. Brady
established Darby Overseas in February 1994, and is Chairman and shareholder of
the corporate general partner of Darby Overseas. In addition, Darby Overseas and
Templeton Global Advisors Limited are limited partners of Darby Emerging Markets
Fund, L.P. The remaining Board members of the Fund are not interested persons
(the "independent members of the Board").
The table above shows the officers and Board members who are affiliated with
Distributors and Investment Counsel. Nonaffiliated members of the Board and Mr.
Brady are currently paid an annual retainer and/or fees for attendance at Board
and committee meetings. Currently, the Fund pays the nonaffiliated Board members
and Mr. Brady an annual retainer of $100, a fee of $0 per Board meeting, and its
portion of a flat fee of $2,000 for each audit committee meeting and/or
nominating and compensation committee meeting attended. As shown above, the
nonaffiliated Board members also serve as directors or trustees other investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. They may receive fees from
these funds for their services. The following table provides the total fees paid
to nonaffiliated Board members and Mr. Brady by the Fund and by other funds in
the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TOTAL FEES RECEIVED NUMBER OF BOARDS IN THE
FROM THE FRANKLIN FRANKLIN TEMPLETON
TEMPLETON GROUP OF GROUP OF FUNDS ON WHICH
TOTAL FEES RECEIVED FUNDS2 EACH SERVES3
FROM THE FUND1
NAME
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Harris J. Ashton $100 $343,592 53
Nicholas F. Brady 100 119,275 23
S. Joseph Fortunato 100 360,412 55
John Wm. Galbraith 113 102,475 22
Andrew H. Hines, Jr. 113 130,525 24
Edith E. Holiday4 50 15,450 15
Betty P. Krahmer 100 119,275 23
Gordon S. Macklin 100 335,542 50
Fred R. Millsaps 113 130,525 24
</TABLE>
1 For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997.
2 For the calendar year ended December 31, 1996.
3 We base the number of boards on the number of registered investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. This number does not
include the total number of series or funds within each investment
company for which the Board members are responsible. The Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds currently includes 59 registered investment
companies, with approximately 170 U.S. based funds or series.
4 Ms. Holiday was elected to the Board on December 3, 1996.
Nonaffiliated members of the Board and Mr. Brady are reimbursed for expenses
incurred in connection with attending board meetings, paid pro rata by each fund
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds for which they serve as director or
trustee. No officer or Board member received any other compensation, including
pension or retirement benefits, directly or indirectly from the Fund or other
funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. Certain officers or Board
members who are shareholders of Resources may be deemed to receive indirect
remuneration by virtue of their participation, if any, in the fees paid to its
subsidiaries.
As of July 2, 1997, the officers and Board members, as a group, owned of record
and beneficially the following shares of the Fund: approximately 47 Class I
shares and 35 Advisor Class shares, or less than 1% of the total outstanding
Class I and Advisor Class shares of the Fund. Many of the Board members also own
shares in other funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. Charles B.
Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are brothers and the father and uncle,
respectively, of Charles E. Johnson.
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES
INVESTMENT MANAGER AND SERVICES PROVIDED. The Fund's investment manager is
Investment Counsel. Investment Counsel provides investment research and
portfolio management services, including the selection of securities for the
Fund to buy, hold or sell and the selection of brokers through whom the Fund's
portfolio transactions are executed. Investment Counsel's activities are subject
to the review and supervision of the Board to whom Investment Counsel renders
periodic reports of the Fund's investment activities. Investment Counsel and its
officers, directors and employees are covered by fidelity insurance for the
protection of the Fund.
Investment Counsel and its affiliates act as investment manager to numerous
other investment companies and accounts. Investment Counsel may give advice and
take action with respect to any of the other funds it manages, or for its own
account, that may differ from action taken by Investment Counsel on behalf of
the Fund. Similarly, with respect to the Fund, Investment Counsel is not
obligated to recommend, buy or sell, or to refrain from recommending, buying or
selling any security that Investment Counsel and access persons, as defined by
the 1940 own account or for the accounts of any other fund. Investment Counsel
is not obligated to refrain from investing in securities held by the Fund or
other funds that it manages. Of course, any transactions for the accounts of
Investment Counsel and other access persons will be made in compliance with
the Fund's Code of Ethics. Please see "Miscellaneous Information - Summary of
Code of Ethics."
MANAGEMENT FEES. Under its management agreement, the Fund pays Investment
Counsel a monthly fee equal to an annual rate of 0.75% of its average daily net
assets. The fee is computed at the close of business on the last business day of
each month. Each class of the Fund's shares pays its proportionate share of the
management fee.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 1997 and 1996, and the period from July 28,
1994 (commencement of operations) to March 31, 1995, management fees, before any
advance waiver, totaled $49,723, $29,228 and $4,738, respectively. Under an
agreement by Investment Counsel to waive its fees, the Fund paid no ($0)
management fees for the same periods. After July 31, 1998, this agreement may
end at any time upon notice to the Board.
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT. The management agreement is in effect until August 1,
1998. It may continue in effect for successive annual periods if its continuance
is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Board or by a vote
of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities, and in
either event by a majority vote of the Board members who are not parties to the
management agreement or interested persons of any such party (other than as
members of the Board), cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. The
management agreement may be terminated without penalty at any time by the Board
or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting
securities, or by Investment Counsel on 60 days' written notice, and will
automatically terminate in the event of its assignment, as defined in the 1940
Act.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES. Since October 1, 1996, FT Services has provided
certain administrative services and facilities for the Fund. Prior to that
date, Templeton Global Investors, Inc. provided the same services to the
Fund. These include preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax and
financial reports, and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements.
FT Services is a wholly owned subsidiary of Resources.
Under its administration agreement, the Fund pays FT Services a monthly
administration fee equal to an annual rate of 0.15% of the Fund's average daily
net assets up to $200 million, 0.135% of average daily net assets over $200
million up to $700 million, 0.10% of average daily net assets over $700 million
up to $1.2 billion, and 0.075% of average daily net assets over $1.2 billion.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 1997, 1996 and for the period from July 28,
1994 (commencement of operations) to March 31, 1995, administration fees, before
any advance waiver, totaled $9,942, $5,840 and $941, respectively. Under an
agreement by the administrators to waive their fees, the Fund paid no ($0)
administration fees for the same periods.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENT. Investor Services, a wholly owned subsidiary of
Resources, is the Fund's shareholder servicing agent and acts as the Fund's
transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Investor Services is compensated on
the basis of a fixed fee per account. The Fund may also reimburse Investor
Services for certain out-of-pocket expenses, which may include payments by
Investor Services to entities, including affiliated entities, that provide
sub-shareholder services, recordkeeping and/or transfer agency services to
beneficial owners of the Fund. The amount of reimbursements for these services
per benefit plan participant Fund account per year may not exceed the per
account fee payable by the Fund to Investor Services in connection with
maintaining shareholder accounts.
CUSTODIAN. The Chase Manhattan Bank, at its principal office at MetroTech
Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11245, and at the offices of its branches and
agencies throughout the world, acts as custodian of the Fund's assets. The
custodian does not participate in decisions relating to the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities.
AUDITORS. McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10017,
are the Fund's independent auditors. During the fiscal year ended March 31,
1997, their auditing services consisted of rendering an opinion on the financial
statements of the Fund included in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders for
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, and review of the Fund's filings with the
SEC.
HOW DOES THE FUND BUY SECURITIES FOR ITS PORTFOLIO?
selects brokers and dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions in
accordance with criteria set forth in the management agreement and any
directions that the Board may give.
When placing a portfolio transaction, Investment Counsel seeks to obtain prompt
execution of orders at the most favorable net price. For portfolio transactions
on a securities exchange, the amount of commission paid by the Fund is
negotiated between Investment Counsel and the broker executing the transaction.
The determination and evaluation of the reasonableness of the brokerage
commissions paid are based to a large degree on the professional opinions of the
persons responsible for placement and review of the transactions. These opinions
are based on the experience of these individuals in the securities industry and
information available to them about the level of commissions being paid by other
institutional investors of comparable size. Investment Counsel will ordinarily
place orders to buy and sell over-the-counter securities on a principal rather
than agency basis with a principal market maker unless, in the opinion of
Investment Counsel, a better price and execution can otherwise be obtained.
Purchases of portfolio securities from underwriters will include a commission or
concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers
will include a spread between the bid and ask price.
Investment Counsel may pay certain brokers commissions that are higher than
those another broker may charge, if Investment Counsel determines in good faith
that the amount paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research services it receives. This may be viewed in terms of either the
particular transaction or Investment Counsel's overall responsibilities to
client accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The services that
brokers may provide to Investment Counsel include, among others, supplying
information about particular companies, markets, countries, or local, regional,
national or transnational economies, statistical data, quotations and other
securities pricing information, and other information that provides lawful and
appropriate assistance to Investment Counsel in carrying out its investment
advisory responsibilities. These services may not always directly benefit the
Fund. They must, however, be of value to Investment Counsel in carrying out its
overall responsibilities to its clients.
It is not possible to place a dollar value on the special executions or on the
research services Investment Counsel receives from dealers effecting
transactions in portfolio securities. The allocation of transactions in order to
obtain additional research services permits Investment Counsel to supplement its
own research and analysis activities and to receive the views and information of
individuals and research staffs of other securities firms. As long as it is
lawful and appropriate to do so, Investment Counsel and its affiliates may use
this research and data in their investment advisory capacities with other
clients. If the Fund's officers are
shares, as well as shares of other funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds, may also be considered a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to
execute the Fund's portfolio transactions.
Brokerage commissions for transactions in securities listed on the Tokyo Stock
Exchange and other Japanese table. The following percentage points shall be
applied to the purchase and sales proceeds to each trade in stocks, warrants and
subscription rights*. Other fixed rates apply to transactions in bond
(convertible and non-convertible) and bonds with warrants.
AMOUNT OF PURCHASE/SALES PROCEEDS COST AS A PERCENTAGE OF TRADE
PROCEEDS
One million yen or less 1.150%
Over (Y) 1 million -(Y) 5 million 0.900% +(Y) 2,500
Over(Y) 5 million -(Y) 10 million 0.700% +(Y) 12,500
Over(Y) 10 million -(Y) 30 million 0.575% +(Y) 25,000
Over(Y) 30 million -(Y) 50 million 0.375% +(Y) 85,000
Over(Y) 50 million -(Y)100 million 0.225% +(Y)160,000
Over(Y)100 million -(Y)300 million 0.200% +(Y)185,000
Over(Y)300 million -(Y)500 million 0.125% +(Y)410,000
Over(Y)500 million -(Y) 1 billion 0.100% +(Y)535,000
Over(Y) 1 billion Stocks: negotiable
(minimum(Y)1,535,000)
Others: 0.075% +(Y)785,000
* Minimum amount of brokerage commission required is 2,500 yen for every trade.
Under the current regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Japanese
Ministry of Finance, member and non-member firms of Japanese exchanges are
required to charge full commissions to all customers other than banks and
certain financial institutions, but members and licensed non-member firms may
confirm transactions to banks and financial institution affiliates located
outside Japan with institutional discounts on brokerage commissions. The Fund
shall avail itself of institutional discounts, if the transactions are executed
through such banks and financial institutions. Currently, the Fund is entitled
to receive such discount and the amount of brokerage commission is
of the full commission. There can be no assurance that the Fund will continue
to realize the benefit of discounts from fixed commissions.
Because Distributors is a member of the NASD, it may sometimes receive certain
fees when the Fund tenders portfolio securities pursuant to a tender-offer
solicitation. As a means of recapturing brokerage for the benefit of the Fund,
any portfolio securities tendered by the Fund will be tendered through
Distributors if it is legally permissible to do so. In turn, the next management
fee payable to Investment Counsel will be reduced by the amount of any fees
received by Distributors in cash, less any costs and expenses incurred in
connection with the tender.
If purchases or sales of securities of the Fund and one or more other investment
companies or clients supervised by Investment Counsel are considered at or about
the same time, transactions in these securities will be allocated among the
several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all by
Investment Counsel, taking into account the respective sizes of the funds and
the amount of securities to be purchased or sold. In some cases this procedure
could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as
the Fund is concerned. In other cases it is possible that the ability to
participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions
will be beneficial to the Fund.
During the fiscal years ended March 31, 1997 and 1996 and the period July 28,
1994 (commencement of operations) to March 31, 1995, the Fund paid brokerage
commissions totaling $17,297, $52,000 and $6,000, respectively.
As of March 31, 1997, the Fund did not own securities of its regular
broker-dealers.
HOW DO I BUY, SELL AND EXCHANGE SHARES?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON BUYING SHARES
The Fund continuously offers its shares through Securities Dealers who have an
agreement with Distributors. Securities laws of states where the Fund offers its
shares may differ from federal law. Banks and financial institutions that sell
shares of the Fund may be required by state law to register as Securities
Dealers.
When you buy shares, if you submit a check or a draft that is returned unpaid to
the Fund we may impose a $10 charge against your account for each returned item.
OTHER PAYMENTS TO SECURITIES DEALERS. Distributors and/or its affiliates provide
financial support to various Securities Dealers that sell shares of the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds. This support is based primarily on the amount of sales
of fund shares. The amount of support may be affected by: total sales; net
sales; levels of redemptions; the proportion of a Securities Dealer's sales and
marketing efforts in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds; a Securities
Dealer's support of, and participation in, Distributors' marketing programs; a
Securities Dealer's compensation programs for its registered representatives;
and the extent of a Securities Dealer's marketing programs relating to the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. Financial support to Securities Dealers may
be made by payments from Distributors' resources, from Distributors' retention
of underwriting concessions and, in the case of funds that have Rule 12b-1
plans, from payments to Distributors under such plans. In addition, certain
Securities Dealers may receive brokerage commissions generated by fund portfolio
transactions in accordance with the NASD's rules.
REINVESTMENT DATE. Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends will be
purchased at the Net Asset Value determined on the business day following the
dividend record date (sometimes known as the "ex-dividend date"). The processing
date for the reinvestment of dividends may vary and does not affect the amount
or value of the shares acquired.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON EXCHANGING SHARES
If you request the exchange of the total value of your account, declared but
unpaid income dividends and capital gain distributions will be exchanged into
the new fund and will be invested at Net Asset Value. Backup withholding and
information reporting may apply. Information regarding the possible tax
consequences of an exchange is included in the tax section in this SAI and in
the Prospectus.
If a substantial number of shareholders should, within a short period, sell
their shares of the Fund under the exchange privilege, the Fund might have to
sell portfolio securities it might otherwise hold and incur the additional costs
related to such transactions. On the other hand, increased use of the exchange
privilege may result in periodic large inflows of money. If this occurs, it is
the Fund's general policy to initially invest this money in short-term,
interest-bearing money market instruments, unless it is believed that attractive
investment opportunities consistent with the Fund's investment objective exist
immediately. This money will then be withdrawn from the short-term, money market
instruments and invested in portfolio securities in as orderly a manner as is
possible when attractive investment opportunities arise.
The proceeds from the sale of shares of an investment company are generally not
available until the fifth business day following the sale. The funds you are
seeking to exchange into may delay issuing shares pursuant to an exchange until
that fifth business day. The sale of Fund shares to complete an exchange will be
effected at Net Asset Value at the close of business on the day the request for
exchange is received in proper form. Please see "May I Exchange Shares for
Shares of Another Fund?" in the Prospectus.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SELLING SHARES
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN. There are no service charges for establishing or
maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan. Payments under the plan will be made
from the redemption of an equivalent amount of shares in your account, generally
on the 25th day of the month in which a payment is scheduled. If the 25th falls
on a weekend or holiday, we will process the redemption on the prior business
day.
Redeeming shares through a systematic withdrawal plan may reduce or exhaust the
shares in your account if payments exceed distributions received from the Fund.
This is especially likely to occur if there is a market decline. If a withdrawal
amount exceeds the value of your account, your account will be closed and the
remaining balance in your account will be sent to you. Because the amount
withdrawn under the plan may be more than your actual yield or income, part of
the payment may be a return of your investment.
The Fund may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan by notifying you in
writing and will automatically discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan if all
shares in your account are withdrawn or if the Fund receives notification of the
shareholder's death or incapacity.
THROUGH YOUR SECURITIES DEALER. If you sell shares through your Securities
Dealer, it is your dealer's responsibility to transmit the order to the Fund in
a timely fashion. Any loss to you resulting from your dealer's failure to do so
must be settled between you and your Securities Dealer.
REDEMPTIONS IN KIND. The Fund has committed itself to pay in cash (by check) all
requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount,
however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value
of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period. This commitment
is irrevocable without the prior approval of the SEC. In the case of redemption
requests in excess of these amounts, the Board reserves the right to make
payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets of the Fund, in case
of an emergency, or if the payment of such a redemption in cash would be
detrimental to the existing shareholders of the Fund. In these circumstances,
the securities distributed would be valued at the price used to compute the
Fund's net assets and you may incur brokerage fees in converting the securities
to cash. The Fund does not intend to redeem illiquid securities in kind. If this
happens, however, you may not be able to recover your investment in a timely
manner.
GENERAL INFORMATION
If dividend checks are returned to the Fund marked "unable to forward" by the
postal service, we will consider this a request by you to change your dividend
option to reinvest all distributions. The proceeds will be reinvested in
additional shares at Net Asset Value until we receive new instructions.
If mail is returned as undeliverable or we are unable to locate you or verify
your current mailing address, we may deduct the costs of our efforts to find you
from your account. These costs may include a percentage of the account when a
search company charges a percentage fee in exchange for its location services.
All checks, drafts, wires and other payment mediums used to buy or sell shares
of the Fund must be denominated in U.S. dollars. We may, in our sole discretion,
either (a) reject any order to buy or sell shares denominated in any other
currency or (b) honor the transaction or make adjustments to your account for
the transaction as of a date and with a foreign currency exchange factor
determined by the drawee bank.
Investor Services may pay certain financial institutions that maintain omnibus
accounts with the Fund on behalf of numerous beneficial owners for recordkeeping
operations performed with respect to such owners. For each beneficial owner in
the omnibus account, the Fund may reimburse Investor Services an amount not to
exceed the per account fee that the Fund normally pays Investor Services. These
financial institutions may also charge a fee for their services directly to
their clients.
Certain shareholder servicing agents may be authorized to accept your
transaction request.
HOW ARE FUND SHARES VALUED?
We calculate the Net Asset Value per share of each class of the Fund's shares as
of the scheduled close of the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, each day
that the NYSE is open for trading. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund is
informed that the NYSE observes the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin
Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence
Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
For the purpose of determining the aggregate net assets of the Fund, cash and
receivables are valued at their realizable amounts. Interest is recorded as
accrued and dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Portfolio securities
listed on a securities exchange or on the NASDAQ National Market System for
which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last quoted sale
price of the day or, if there is no such reported sale, within the range of the
most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Over-the-counter portfolio securities are
valued within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Portfolio
securities that are traded both in the over-the-counter market and on a stock
exchange are valued according to the broadest and most representative market as
determined by Investment Counsel.
Portfolio securities underlying actively traded call options are valued at their
market price as determined above. The current market value of any option held by
the Fund is its last sale price on the relevant exchange before the time when
assets are valued. Lacking any sales that day or if the last sale price is
outside the bid and ask prices, options are valued within the range of the
current closing bid and ask prices if the valuation is believed to fairly
reflect the contract's market value.
Trading in securities on European and Far Eastern securities exchanges and
over-the-counter markets is normally completed well before the close of business
of the NYSE on each day that the NYSE is open. Trading in European or Far
Eastern securities generally, or in a particular country or countries, may not
take place on every NYSE business day. Furthermore, trading takes place in
various foreign markets on days that are not business days for the NYSE and on
which the Net Asset Value is not calculated. Thus, the calculation of the Net
Asset Value does not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the
prices of many of the portfolio securities used in the calculation and, if
events materially affecting the values of these foreign securities occur, the
securities will be valued at fair value as determined by management and approved
in good faith by the Board.
Generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money
market instruments is substantially completed each day at various times before
the scheduled close of the NYSE. The value of these securities used in computing
the Net Asset Value is determined as of such times. Occasionally, events
affecting the values of these securities may occur between the times at which
they are determined and the scheduled close of the NYSE that will not be
reflected in the computation of the Net Asset Value. If events materially
affecting the values of these securities occur during this period, the
securities will be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith by the
Board.
Other securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at
the current market price, which may be obtained from a pricing service, based on
a variety of factors including recent trades, institutional size trading in
similar types of securities (considering yield, risk and maturity) and/or
developments related to specific issues. Securities and other assets for which
market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined
following procedures approved by the Board. With the approval of the Board, the
Fund may utilize a pricing service, bank or Securities Dealer to perform any of
the above described functions.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
DISTRIBUTIONS
You may receive two types of distributions from the Fund:
1. INCOME DIVIDENDS. The Fund receives income generally in the form of
dividends, interest and other income derived from its investments. This income,
less the expenses incurred in the Fund's operations, is its net investment
income from which income dividends may be distributed. Thus, the amount of
dividends paid per share may vary with each distribution.
2. CAPITAL GAIN DISTRIBUTIONS. The Fund may derive capital gains or losses in
connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities.
Distributions by the Fund derived from net short-term and net long-term capital
gains (after taking into account any capital loss carryforward or post-October
loss deferral) may generally be made twice each year, once in December and once
following the end of the Fund's fiscal year. The Fund may adjust the timing of
these distributions for operational or other reasons.
TAXES
As stated in the Prospectus, the Fund has elected and qualified to be treated as
a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. The Board
reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated
investment company if it determines this course of action to be beneficial to
shareholders. In that case, the Fund will be subject to federal and possibly
state corporate taxes on its taxable income and gains, and distributions to
shareholders will be taxable to the extent of the Fund's available earnings and
profits.
To qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code, the Fund must,
among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends,
interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or
other disposition of stock or securities and gains from the sale or other
disposition of foreign currencies, or other income (including gains from
options, futures contracts and forward contracts) derived with respect to the
Fund's business of investing in stocks, securities or currencies; (b) derive
less than 30% of its gross income from the sale or other disposition of the
following assets held for less than three months: (i) stock and securities, (ii)
options, futures and forward contracts (other than options, futures and forward
contracts on foreign currencies), and (iii) foreign currencies (and options,
futures and forward contracts on foreign currencies) which are not directly
related to the Fund's principal business of investing in stocks and securities
(or options and futures with respect to stock or securities); (c) diversify its
holdings so that, at the end of each quarter, (i) at least 50% of the value of
the Fund's total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government
securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other
securities, with such other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to
an amount not greater in value than 5% of the Fund's total assets and to not
more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not
more than 25% of the value of the Fund's total assets is invested in the
securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other
regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of any two or more issuers
that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same
business or similar or related businesses; and (d) distribute at least 90% of
its investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items,
dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term
capital losses) each taxable year.
The Treasury Department is authorized to issue regulations providing that
foreign currency gains that are not directly related to the Fund's principal
business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with
respect to stock or securities) will be excluded from the income which qualifies
for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described above. To date,
however, no regulations have been issued.
The status of the Fund as a regulated investment company does not involve
government supervision of management or of its investment practices or policies.
As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally will be relieved of
liability for U.S. federal income tax on that portion of its net investment
income and net realized capital gains which it distributes to its shareholders.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year
distribution requirement also are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax. To
prevent application of the excise tax, the Fund intends to make distributions in
accordance with the calendar year distribution requirement.
Dividends of net investment income and net short-term capital gains are taxable
to you as ordinary income. Distributions of net capital gains (the excess of net
long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) designated by the
Fund as capital gain dividends are taxable to you as long-term capital gains,
regardless of the length of time you have held the Fund's shares. Generally
dividends and distributions are taxable to you, whether received in cash or
reinvested in shares of the Fund. Any distributions that are not from the Fund's
investment company taxable income or net capital gain may be characterized as a
return of capital to you or, in some cases, as capital gain. You will be
notified annually as to the federal tax status of dividends and distributions
you receive and any tax withheld thereon.
Distributions by the Fund reduce the Net Asset Value of the Fund's shares.
Should a distribution reduce the Net Asset Value below your cost basis, the
distribution nevertheless would be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital
gain as described above, even though, from an investment standpoint, it may
constitute a partial return of capital. In particular, you should be careful to
consider the tax implication of buying shares just prior to a distribution by
the Fund. The price of shares purchased at that time includes the amount of the
forthcoming distribution, but the distribution will generally be taxable to you.
Certain of the debt securities acquired by the Fund may be treated as debt
securities that were originally issued at a discount. Original issue discount
can generally be defined as the difference between the price at which a security
was issued and its stated redemption price at maturity. Although no cash income
is actually received by the Fund, original issue discount that accrues on a debt
security in a given year generally is treated for federal income tax purposes as
interest and, therefore, such income would be subject to the distribution
requirements of the Code.
Some of the debt securities may be purchased by the Fund at a discount which
exceeds the original issue discount on such debt securities, if any. This
additional discount represents market discount for federal income tax purposes.
The gain realized on the disposition of any taxable debt security having market
discount generally will be treated as ordinary income to the extent it does not
exceed the accrued market discount on such debt security. Generally, market
discount accrues on a daily basis for each day the debt security is held by the
Fund at a constant rate over the time remaining to the debt security's maturity
or, at the election of the Fund, at a constant yield to maturity which takes
into account the semiannual compounding of interest.
The Fund may invest in stocks of foreign companies that are classified under the
Code as passive foreign investment companies ("PFICs"). In general, a foreign
company is classified as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets constitute
investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type
income. Under the PFIC rules, an "excess distribution" received with respect to
PFIC stock is treated as having been realized ratably over the period during
which the Fund held the PFIC stock. The Fund itself will be subject to tax on
the portion, if any, of the excess distribution that is allocated to the Fund's
holding period in prior taxable years (and an interest factor will be added to
the tax, as if the tax had actually been payable in such prior taxable years)
even though the Fund distributes the corresponding income to shareholders.
Excess distributions include any gain from the sale of PFIC stock as well as
certain distributions from a PFIC. All excess distributions are taxable as
ordinary income.
The Fund may be able to elect alternative tax treatment with respect to PFIC
stock. Under an election that currently may be available, the Fund generally
would be required to include in its gross income its share of the earnings of a
PFIC on a current basis, regardless of whether any distributions are received
from the PFIC. If this election is made, the special rules, discussed above,
relating to the taxation of excess distributions, would not apply. In addition,
another election may be available that would involve marking-to-market the
Fund's PFIC shares at the end of each taxable year (and on certain other dates
prescribed in the Code), with the result that unrealized gains are treated as
though they were realized. If this election were made, tax at the Fund level
under the PFIC rules would generally be eliminated, but the Fund could, in
limited circumstances, incur nondeductible interest charges. The Fund's
intention to qualify annually as a regulated investment company may limit its
elections with respect to PFIC shares.
Because the application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other things, the
character of gains, the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the recognition
of income with respect to PFIC stock, as well as subject the Fund itself to tax
on certain income from PFIC stock, the amount that must be distributed to
shareholders, and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or
long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared
to a fund that did not invest in PFIC stock.
Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject
to withholding and other income or similar taxes imposed by such countries. If
more than 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets at the close of its
taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be
eligible and intends to elect to "pass through" to the Fund's shareholders the
amount of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Pursuant to this election, you will be
required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually
received) your pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund, and will be
entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) your pro rata share of
foreign income and similar taxes in computing your taxable income or to use it
as a foreign tax credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability, subject
to limitations. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed if you do not
itemize deductions, in such case, you may be eligible to claim the foreign tax
credit (see below). You will be notified within 60 days after the close of the
Fund's taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will "pass
through" for that year.
Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may
not exceed your U.S. tax attributable to your foreign source taxable income. For
this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of the Fund's
income flows through to its shareholders. With respect to the Fund, gains from
the sale of securities will be treated as derived from U.S. sources and certain
currency fluctuation gains, including fluctuation gains from foreign-currency
denominated debt securities, receivables and payables, will be treated as
ordinary income derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax
credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income (as defined for
purposes of the foreign tax credit), including the foreign source passive income
passed through by the Fund. You may be unable to claim a credit for the full
amount of your proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund.
Foreign taxes may not be deducted in computing alternative minimum taxable
income and the foreign tax credit can be used to offset only 90% of the
alternative minimum tax (as computed under the Code for purposes of this
limitation) imposed on corporations and individuals. If the Fund is not eligible
to make the election to "pass through" to its shareholders its foreign taxes,
the foreign income taxes it pays generally will reduce investment company
taxable income and the distributions by the Fund will be treated as U.S. source
income.
Certain options, futures and foreign currency forward contracts in which the
Fund may invest are "section 1256 contracts." Gains or losses on section 1256
contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital
gains or losses ("60/40"); however, foreign currency gains or losses (as
discussed below) arising from certain section 1256 contracts may be treated as
ordinary income or loss. Also, section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the
end of each taxable year (and on certain other dates as prescribed under the
Code) are "marked-to-market" with the result that unrealized gains or losses are
treated as though they were realized.
Generally, the hedging transactions undertaken by the Fund may result in
"straddles" for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect
the character of gains (or losses) realized by the Fund. In addition, losses
realized by the Fund on positions that are part of the straddle may be deferred
under the straddle rules, rather than being taken into account in calculating
the taxable income for the taxable year in which the losses are realized.
Because only a few regulations implementing the straddle rules have been
promulgated, the tax consequences to the Fund of hedging transactions are not
entirely clear. The hedging transactions may increase the amount of short-term
capital gain realized by the Fund which is taxed as ordinary income when
distributed to shareholders.
The Fund may make one or more of the elections available under the Code which
are applicable to straddles. If the Fund makes any of the elections, the amount,
character, and timing of the recognition of gains or losses from the affected
straddle positions will be determined under rules that vary according to the
election(s) made. The rules applicable under certain of the elections may
operate to accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected
straddle positions.
Because application of the straddle rules may affect the character of gains or
losses, defer losses and/or accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from
the affected straddle positions, the amount which must be distributed to
shareholders and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or
long-term capital gain may be increased or decreased as compared to a fund that
did not engage in such hedging transactions.
Requirements relating to the Fund's tax status as a regulated investment company
may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in transactions in
options, futures and foreign currency forward contracts.
Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency
exchange rates which occur between the time the Fund accrues income or other
receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign
currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such
liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss.
Similarly, on disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency
and on disposition of certain financial contracts and options, gains or losses
attributable to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency between the date
of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also are
treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the
Code as "section 988" gains and losses, may increase or decrease the amount of
the Fund's net investment income to be distributed to its shareholders as
ordinary income. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may increase the
amount of income that the Fund must distribute in order to qualify for treatment
as a regulated investment company and to prevent application of an excise tax on
undistributed income. Alternatively, fluctuations in exchange rates may decrease
or eliminate income available for distribution. If section 988 losses exceed
other net investment income during a taxable year, the Fund would not be able to
make ordinary dividend distributions, or distributions made before the losses
were realized would be recharacterized as return of capital to shareholders for
federal income tax purposes, rather than as an ordinary dividend, reducing each
shareholder's basis in his Fund shares, or as a capital gain.
Upon the sale or exchange of your shares, you will realize a taxable gain or
loss depending upon your basis in the shares. Such gain or loss will be treated
as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in your hands, and
generally will be long-term if your holding period for the shares is more than
one year and generally otherwise will be short-term. Any loss realized on a sale
or exchange will be disallowed to the extent that the shares disposed of are
replaced (including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital
gain distributions in the Fund) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days
before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case,
the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed
loss. Any loss realized by you on the sale of the Fund's shares which you have
held for six months or less will be treated for federal income tax purposes as a
long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of long-term capital
gains you received with respect to such shares.
In some cases, you will not be permitted to take sales charges into account for
purposes of determining the amount of gain or loss realized on the disposition
of your shares. This prohibition generally applies where (1) you incur a sales
charge in acquiring the stock of a regulated investment company, (2) the stock
is disposed of before the 91st day after the date on which it was acquired, and
(3) you subsequently acquire shares of the same or another regulated investment
company and the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced or eliminated under
a "reinvestment right" received upon the initial purchase of shares of stock. In
that case, the gain or loss recognized will be determined by excluding from the
tax basis of the shares exchanged all or a portion of the sales charge incurred
in acquiring those shares. This exclusion applies to the extent that the
otherwise applicable sales charge with respect to the newly acquired shares is
reduced as a result of having incurred a sales charge initially. Sales charges
affected by this rule are treated as if they were incurred with respect to the
stock acquired under the reinvestment right. This provision may be applied to
successive acquisitions of stock.
The Fund generally will be required to withhold federal income tax at a rate of
31% ("backup withholding") from dividends paid, capital gain distributions, and
redemption proceeds to you if (1) you fail to furnish the Fund with your correct
taxpayer identification number or social security number and to make such
certifications as the Fund may require, (2) the IRS notifies you or the Fund
that you have failed to report properly certain interest and dividend income to
the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect, or (3) when required to do so,
you fail to certify that you are not subject to backup withholding. Any amounts
withheld may be credited against your federal income tax liability.
Ordinary dividends and taxable capital gain distributions declared in October,
November, or December with a record date in such month and paid during the
following January will be treated as having been paid by the Fund and received
by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which declared, rather
than the calendar year in which the dividends are actually received.
Distributions also may be subject to state, local and foreign taxes. U.S. tax
rules applicable to foreign investors may differ significantly from those
outlined above. This discussion does not purport to deal with all of the tax
consequences applicable to shareholders. You are advised to consult your own tax
advisers for details with respect to the particular tax consequences of an
investment in the Fund.
THE FUND'S UNDERWRITER
Pursuant to an underwriting agreement, Distributors acts as principal
underwriter in a continuous public offering each class of the Fund's shares. The
underwriting agreement will continue in effect for successive annual periods if
its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the
Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting
securities, and in either event by a majority vote of the Board members who are
not parties to the underwriting agreement or interested persons of any such
party (other than as members of the Board), cast in person at a meeting called
for that purpose. The underwriting agreement terminates automatically in the
event of its assignment and may be terminated by either party on 90 days'
written notice.
Distributors pays the expenses of the distribution of Fund shares, including
advertising expenses and the costs of printing sales material and prospectuses
used to offer shares to the public. The Fund pays the expenses of preparing and
printing amendments to its registration statements and prospectuses (other than
those necessitated by the activities of Distributors) and of sending
prospectuses to existing shareholders.
Distributors does not receive compensation from the Fund for acting as
underwriter of the Fund's Advisor Class shares.
HOW DOES THE FUND MEASURE PERFORMANCE?
Performance quotations are subject to SEC rules. These rules require the use of
standardized performance non-standardized performance quotation furnished by
the Fund be accompanied by certain standardized performance
information computed as required by the SEC. Average annual total return
quotations used by the Fund are based on the standardized methods of computing
performance mandated by the SEC. If a Rule 12b-1 plan is adopted, performance
figures reflect fees from the date of the plan's implementation.
For periods before January 1, 1997, standardized performance quotations for
Advisor Class are restated figures calculated by substituting Class I
performance for the relevant time period, excluding the effect of Class I's
maximum initial sales charge, and including the effect of the Rule 12b-1 fees
applicable to Class I shares of the Fund. For periods after January 1, 1997,
standardized performance quotations for Advisor Class are actual figures
calculated as described below.
An explanation of these and other methods used by the Fund to compute or express
performance for Advisor Class follows. Regardless of the method used, past
performance does not guarantee future results, and is an indication
limited historical period used.ly for the
TOTAL RETURN
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN. Average annual total return is determined by
finding the average annual rates of return over the one-year and from inception
periods, that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its
ending redeemable value. The calculation assumes income dividends and capital
gain distributions are reinvested at Net Asset Value. The quotation assumes the
account was completely redeemed at the end of each one-year and from inception
periods and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. If a change is
made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be
restated to reflect the maximum front-end sales charge currently in effect.
The average annual total return for Advisor Class for the three-month period
since the Class' inception (January 2, 1997) ended March 31, 1997, the one-year
period ended March 31, 1997, and the period since inception (July 28, 1994) to
March 31, 1997 was -8.60%, -31.38% and -9.64%, respectively.
These figures were calculated according to the SEC formula:
P(1+T)n = ERV
where:
P =a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T =average annual total return
n =number of years
ERV =ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment
made at the beginning of the one-year and since
inception periods at the end of the one-year and since
inception periods
CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN. Like average annual total return, cumulative total
return assumes income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at
Net Asset Value. Cumulative total return, however, will be based on the actual
return for each class for a specified period rather than on the average return
over one-year and from Class' inception (January 2, 1997) ended March 31, 1997,
the one-year period ended March 31, 1997, and the period since the Fund's
inception (July 28, 1994) to March 31, 1997, was -8.60%, -31.38% and -23.76%,
respectively.
VOLATILITY
Occasionally statistics may be used to show the Fund's volatility or risk.
Measures of volatility or risk are generally used to compare the Fund's Net
Asset Value or performance to a market index. One measure of volatility is beta.
Beta is the volatility of a fund relative to the total market, as represented by
an index considered representative of the types of securities in which the fund
invests. A beta of more than 1.00 indicates volatility greater than the market
and a beta of less than 1.00 indicates volatility less than the market. Another
measure of volatility or risk is standard deviation. Standard deviation is used
to measure variability of Net Asset Value or total return around an average over
a specified period of time. The idea is that greater volatility means greater
risk undertaken in achieving performance.
THER PERFORMANCE QUOTATIONS
Sales literature referring to the use of the Fund as a potential investment for
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), Business Retirement Plans, and other
tax-advantaged retirement plans may quote a total return based upon compounding
of dividends on which it is presumed no federal income tax applies.
The Fund may include in its advertising or sales material information relating
to investment objectives and performance results of funds belonging to the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. Resources is the parent company of the
advisors and underwriter of the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
COMPARISONS
To help you better evaluate how an investment in the Fund may satisfy your
investment objective, advertisements and other materials about the Fund may
discuss certain measures of performance as reported by various financial
publications. Materials may also compare performance (as calculated above) to
performance as reported by other investments, indices, and averages. These
comparisons may include, but are not limited to, the following examples:
(i) unmanaged indices so that you may compare the Fund's results with those of a
group of unmanaged securities widely regarded by investors as representative of
the securities market in general; (ii) other groups of mutual funds tracked by
Lipper Analytical Services, Inc., a widely used independent research firm that
ranks mutual funds by overall performance, investment objectives and assets, or
tracked by other services, companies, publications, or persons who rank mutual
funds on overall performance or other criteria; and (iii) the Consumer Price
Index (measure for inflation) to assess the real rate of return from an
investment in the Fund. Unmanaged indices may assume the reinvestment of
dividends but generally do not reflect deductions for administrative and
management costs and expenses.
From time to time, the Fund and Investment Counsel may also refer to the
following information:
a) Investment Counsel's and its affiliates' market share of international
equities managed in mutual funds prepared or published by Strategic
Insight or a similar statistical organization.
b) The performance of U.S. equity and debt markets relative to foreign markets
prepared or published by Morgan Stanley Capital International(R) or a similar
financial organization.
c) The capitalization of U.S. and foreign stock markets as prepared or published
by the International Finance Corporation, Morgan Stanley Capital
International(R) or a similar financial organization.
d) The geographic and industry distribution of the Fund's portfolio and the
Fund's top ten holdings.
e) The gross national product and populations, including age
characteristics, literacy rates, foreign investment improvements due to
a liberalization of securities laws and a reduction of foreign exchange
controls, and improving communication technology, of various countries
as published by various statistical organizations.
f) To assist investors in understanding the different returns and risk
characteristics of various investments, the Fund may show historical
returns of various investments and published indices (E.G., Ibbotson
Associates, Inc. Charts and Morgan Stanley EAFE - Index).
g) The major industries located in various jurisdictions as published by the
Morgan Stanley Index.
h) Rankings by DALBAR Surveys, Inc. with respect to mutual fund shareholder
services.
i) Allegorical stories illustrating the importance of persistent long-term
investing.
j) The Fund's portfolio turnover rate and its ranking relative to industry
standards as published by Lipper Analytical Services, Inc. or Morningstar, Inc.
k) A description of the Templeton organization's investment management
philosophy and approach, including its worldwide search for undervalued
or "bargain" securities and its diversification by industry, nation and
type of stocks or other securities.
l) The number of shareholders in the Fund or the aggregate number of
shareholders of the open-end investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds or the dollar amount of fund and private
account assets under management.
m) Comparison of the characteristics of various emerging markets, including
population, financial and economic conditions.
n) Quotations from the Templeton organization's founder, Sir John Templeton,*
advocating the virtues of diversification and long-term investing, including the
following:
(degree) "Never follow the crowd. Superior performance is possible only if you
invest differently from the crowd."
(degree) "Diversify by company, by industry and by country."
(degree) "Always maintain a long-term perspective."
(degree) "Invest for maximum total real return."
(degree) "Invest - don't trade or speculate."
(degree) "Remain flexible and open-minded about types of investment."
(degree) "Buy low."
(degree) "When buying stocks, search for bargains among quality stocks."
(degree) "Buy value, not market trends or the economic outlook."
(degree) "Diversify. In stocks and bonds, as in much else, there is safety in
numbers."
(degree) "Do your homework or hire wise experts to help you."
(degree) "Aggressively monitor your investments."
(degree) "Don't panic."
(degree) "Learn from your mistakes."
(degree) "Outperforming the market is a difficult task."
(degree) "An investor who has all the answers doesn't even understand all the
questions."
(degree) "There's no free lunch."
(degree) "And now the last principle: Do not be fearful or negative too often."
From time to time, advertisements or information for the Fund may include a
discussion of certain attributes or benefits to be derived from an investment in
the Fund. The advertisements or information may include symbols, headlines, or
other material that highlights or summarizes the information discussed in more
detail in the communication.
Advertisements or information may also compare the performance of Advisor Class
to the return on CDs or other investments. You should be aware, however, that an
investment in the Fund involves the risk of fluctuation of principal value, a
risk generally not present in an investment in a CD issued by a bank. For
example, as the general level of interest rates rise, the value of the Fund's
fixed-income investments, if any, as well as the value of its shares that are
based upon the value of such portfolio investments, can be expected to decrease.
Conversely, when interest rates decrease, the value of the Fund's shares can be
expected to increase. CDs are frequently insured by an agency of the U.S.
government. An investment in the Fund is not insured by any federal, state or
private entity.
In assessing comparisons of performance, you should keep in mind that the
composition of the investments in the reported indices and averages is not
identical to the Fund's portfolio, the indices and averages are generally
unmanaged, and the items included in the calculations of the averages may not be
identical to the formula used by the Fund to calculate its figures. In addition,
there can be no assurance that the Fund will continue its performance as
compared to these other averages.
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
The Fund may help you achieve various investment goals such as accumulating
money for retirement, saving for a down payment on a home, college costs and
other long-term goals. The Franklin College Costs Planner may help you in
determining how much money must be invested on a monthly basis in order to have
a projected amount available in the future to fund a child's college education.
(Projected college cost estimates are based upon current costs published by the
College Board.) The Franklin Retirement Planning Guide leads you through the
steps to start a
Fund cannot guarantee that these goals will be met. in the
The Fund is a member of the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds, one of the
largest mutual fund organizations in the U.S., and may be considered in a
program for diversification of assets. Founded in 1947, Franklin, one of the
oldest mutual fund organizations, has managed mutual funds for over 49 years and
now services more than 2.7 million shareholder accounts. In 1992, Franklin, a
leader in managing fixed-income mutual funds and an innovator in creating
domestic equity funds, joined forces with Templeton Worldwide, Inc., a pioneer
in international investing. Mutual Series Fund Inc., known for its value-driven
approach to domestic equity investing, became part of the organization four
years later. Together, the Franklin Templeton Group has over $199 billion in
assets under management for more than 5.2 million U.S. based mutual fund
shareholder and other accounts. The Franklin Funds offers 122 U.S. based
open-end investment companies to the public. The Fund may identify itself by its
NASDAQ symbol or CUSIP number.
The Dalbar Surveys, Inc. broker-dealer survey has ranked Franklin number one in
service quality for five of the past nine years.
As of July 2, 1997, the principal shareholders of the Fund, beneficial or of
record, were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND ADDRESS SHARE AMOUNT PERCENTAGE
CLASS I
<S> <C> <C>
Merrill Lynch Pierce, Fenner 102,619 7%
& Smith, Inc.
4800 Deer Lake Drive East
Thi3rd Floor
Jacksonville, FL 32246
ADVISOR CLASS
Franklin Templeton Trust Company - Custodian 332 7%
for the IRA of Ulla W. Tarstrup
301 La Casa Avenue
San Mateo, CA 94403-5016
Franklin Templeton Trust Company - Custodian 744 17%
for the IRA of Chu-Sen Cheng
271 Pelican CT.
Foster City, CA 94404-1412
Franklin Resources, Inc. 3,583 56%
Corporate Treasury
1850 Gateway Dr., 6th Floor
San Mateo, CA 94404
</TABLE>
From time to time, the number of Fund shares held in the "street name" accounts
of various Securities Dealers for the benefit of their clients or in centralized
securities depositories may exceed 5% of the total shares outstanding.
In the event of disputes involving multiple claims of ownership or authority to
control your account, the Fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (a)
freeze the account and require the written agreement of all persons deemed by
the Fund to have a potential property interest in the account, before executing
instructions regarding the account; (b) interplead disputed funds or accounts
with a court of competent jurisdiction; or (c) surrender ownership of all or a
portion of the account to the IRS in response to a Notice of Levy.
SUMMARY OF CODE OF ETHICS. Employees of the Franklin Templeton Group who are
access persons under the 1940 Act are permitted to engage in personal securities
transactions subject to the following general restrictions and procedures: (i)
the trade must receive advance clearance from a compliance officer and must be
completed by the close of the business day following the day clearance is
granted; (ii) copies of all brokerage confirmations must be sent to a compliance
officer and, within 10 days after the end of each calendar quarter, a report of
all securities transactions must be provided to the compliance officer; and
(iii) access persons involved in preparing and making investment decisions must,
in addition to (i) and (ii) above, file annual reports of their securities
holdings each January and inform the compliance officer (or other designated
personnel) if they own a security that is being considered for a fund or other
client transaction or if they are recommending a security in which they have an
ownership interest for purchase or sale by a fund or other client.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements contained in the Annual Report to Shareholders
of the Fund, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, including the auditors'
report, are incorporated herein by reference.
<PAGE>
USEFUL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
1933 ACT - Securities Act of 1933, as amended
1940 ACT - Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended
BOARD - The Board of Trustees of the Fund
CD - Certificate of deposit
CLASS I AND ADVISOR CLASS - The Fund offers two classes of shares, designated
"Class I" and "Advisor Class." The two classes have proportionate interests in
the Fund's portfolio. They differ, however, primarily in their sales charge and
expense structures.
CODE - Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
DISTRIBUTORS - Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., the Fund's principal
underwriter
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP - Franklin Resources, Inc., a publicly owned holding
company, and its various subsidiaries
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON GROUP OF FUNDS - All U.S. registered investment companies in
the Franklin Group of FundsAE and
the Templeton Group of Funds
FT SERVICES - Franklin Templeton Services, Inc., the Fund's administrator
INVESTMENT COUNSEL - Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc., the Fund's investment
manager
INVESTOR SERVICES - Franklin/Templeton Investor Services, Inc., the Fund's
shareholder servicing and transfer agent
IRS - Internal Revenue Service
MOODY'S - Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
NASD - National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
NET ASSET VALUE (NAV) - The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting
the fund's liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The net asset
value per share is determined by dividing the net asset value of the fund by the
number of shares outstanding.
NYSE - New York Stock Exchange
PROSPECTUS - The prospectus for Advisor Class shares of the Fund dated August 1,
1997, as may be amended from time to time
RESOURCES - Franklin Resources, Inc.
SAI - Statement of Additional Information
S&P - Standard & Poor's Rating Service, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.
SEC - U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SECURITIES DEALER - A financial institution that, either directly or through
affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and
accounts with the Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not
indicate a legal conclusion of capacity.
U.S. - United States
WE/OUR/US - Unless a different meaning is indicated by the context, these terms
refer to the Fund and/or Investor Services, Distributors, or other wholly owned
subsidiaries of Resources.
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
MOODY'S
AAA - Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the
smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as
"gilt-edged." Interest payments are protected by a large or exceptionally stable
margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely
to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
fundamentally strong position of such issues.
AA - Bonds rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together
with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds.
They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not
be as large, fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude, or
there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear
somewhat larger.
A - Bonds rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are
considered upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal
and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which suggest a
susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
BAA - Bonds rated Baa are considered medium grade obligations. They are neither
highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security
appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking
or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such
bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative
characteristics as well.
BA - Bonds rated Ba are judged to have predominantly speculative elements and
their future cannot be considered well assured. Often the protection of interest
and principal payments is very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during
both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes
bonds in this class.
B - Bonds rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment.
Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of
the contract over any long period of time may be small.
CAA - Bonds rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or
there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
CA - Bonds rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high
degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C - Bonds rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and can be regarded as
having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
Note: Moody's applies numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating
classification from Aa through B in its corporate bond ratings. The modifier 1
indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating
category; modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and modifier 3 indicates
that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
S&P
AAA - This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation and
indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and interest.
AA - Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations. Capacity to
pay principal and interest is very strong and, in the majority of instances,
differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A - Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest, although
they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB - Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit protection parameters,
adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to
a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in this category
than for bonds in the A category.
BB, B, CCC, CC - Bonds rated BB, B, CCC and CC are regarded, on balance, as
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest
and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations. BB
indicates the lowest degree of speculation and CC the highest degree of
speculation. While such bonds will likely have some quality and protective
characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk
exposures to adverse conditions.
C - Bonds rated C are typically subordinated debt to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied CCC- rating. The C rating may also reflect the
filing of a bankruptcy petition under circumstances where debt service payments
are continuing. The C1 rating is reserved for income bonds on which no interest
is being paid.
D - Debt rated D is in default and payment of interest and/or repayment of
principal is in arrears.
PLUS (+) OR MINUS (-): The ratings from `AA' to `CCC' may be modified by the
addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major
rating categories.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
MOODY'S
Moody's commercial paper ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay
punctually their promissory obligations not having an original maturity in
excess of nine months. Moody's employs the following designations, all judged to
be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated
issuers:
P-1 (PRIME-1): Superior capacity for repayment.
P-2 (PRIME-2): Strong capacity for repayment.
S&P
S&P's ratings are a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of
debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded
into four categories, ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to
"D" for the lowest. Issues within the "A" category are delineated with the
numbers 1, 2 and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety, as follows:
A-1: This designation indicates the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
very strong. A "plus" (+) designation indicates an even stronger likelihood of
timely payment.
A-2: Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is strong.
However, the relative degree of safety is not as overwhelming as for issues
designated A-1.
A-3: Issues carrying this designation have a satisfactory capacity for timely
payment. They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effects of
changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
TL417 SAIZ 08/97
- --------
* Sir John Templeton sold the Templeton organization to Resources in
October 1992 and resigned from the Board on April 16, 1995. He is no
longer involved with the investment management process.
<PAGE>
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 24. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
(a) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: Incorporated by reference from
Registrant's 1997 Annual Report:
Independent Auditor's Report Investment Portfolio as of March
31, 1997 Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of March 31,
1997
Statement of Operations for fiscal year ended March 31, 1997
Statement of Changes in Net Assets for the years ended
March 31, 1997 and 1996
Notes to Financial Statements
(B) EXHIBITS
(1) Amended and Restated Trust Instrument *
(2) By-Laws *
(3) Not Applicable
(4) Not Applicable
(5) Investment Management Agreement *
(6) Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement *
(7) Not Applicable
(8) Form of Custody Agreement *
(9) (A) Form of Fund Administration Agreement **
(B) Form of Transfer Agent Agreement
(C) Form of Sub-Transfer Agent Services Agreement*
(D) Form of Shareholder Sub-Accounting Services
Agreement *
(10) Opinion and consent of counsel (filed with Rule
24f-2 Notice) ***
(11) Consent of independent public accountants
(12) Not Applicable
(13) Not Applicable
(14) Not Applicable
(15) Form of Distribution Plan *
(16) Schedule showing computation of performance quotations
provided in response to Item 22 (unaudited) *
(17) Powers of Attorney **
(18) Assistant Secretary's Certificate pursuant to Rule
483(b) *
(19) Form of Multiclass Plan
(27) Financial Data Schedule
- --------------------
* Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the
Registration Statement on July 25, 1995
** Filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the
Registration Statement on December 31, 1996
*** Rule 24f-2 Notice filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on May 29, 1997.
<PAGE>
ITEM 25. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT
None
ITEM 26. NUMBER OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
Number of
TITLE OF CLASS RECORDHOLDERS
Shares of Beneficial Interest, 1,319 as of
par value $0.01 per Share - June 30, 1997
Class I -
Shares of Beneficial Interest, 17 as of
par value $0.01 per Share - June 30, 1997
Advisor Class -
ITEM 27. INDEMNIFICATION.
Reference is made to Article III, Section 7 and Article VII,
Section 2 of the Registrant's Agreement and Declaration of
Trust and Article VI of the By-Laws, which are filed herewith.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers
and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant
pursuant to the Declaration of Trust or otherwise, the
Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and
Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Act and, therefore, is
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
against such liabilities (other than the payment by the
Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by trustees, officers
or controlling persons of the Registrant in connection with
the successful defense of any act, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such trustees, officers or controlling persons in
connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issues.
<PAGE>
ITEM 28. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF INVESTMENT ADVISER AND ITS
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
The business and other connections of Templeton Investment
Counsel, Inc. are described in Parts A and B of this
Registration Statement.
For information relating to the investment advisers' officers
and directors, reference is made to Forms ADV filed under the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 by Templeton Investment
Counsel, Inc.
ITEM 29. PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITERS
(a) Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. also ats as
principal underwriter of shares of:
Templeton American Trust, Inc.
Templeton Capital Accumulator Fund, Inc.
Templeton Developing Markets Trust
Templeton Funds, Inc.
Templeton Global Investment Trust
Templeton Global Opportunities Trust
Templeton Global Real Estate Fund
Templeton Global Smaller Companies Fund, Inc.
Templeton Growth Fund, Inc.
Templeton Income Trust
Templeton Institutional Funds, Inc.
Templeton Variable Products Series Fund
Franklin Asset Allocation Fund
Franklin California Tax Free Income Fund, Inc.
Franklin California Tax Free Trust
Franklin Custodian Funds, Inc.
Franklin Equity Fund
Franklin Federal Money Fund
Franklin Federal Tax-Free Income Fund
Franklin Gold Fund
Franklin Government Securities Trust
Franklin High Income Trust
Franklin Investors Securities Trust
Franklin Managed Trust
Franklin Money Fund
Franklin Municipal Securities Trust
Franklin Mutual Series Fund, Inc.
Franklin New York Tax-Free Income Fund
Franklin New York Tax-Free Trust
Franklin Real Estate Securities Fund
Franklin Strategic Mortgage Portfolio
Franklin Strategic Series
Franklin Tax Exempt Money Fund
Franklin Tax-Free Trust
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series
Franklin Templeton Global Trust
Franklin Templeton International Trust
Franklin Templeton Money Fund Trust
Franklin Value Investors Trust
Institutional Fiduciary Trust
(b) The directors and officers of FTD, located at 777 Mariners Island
Blvd., San Mateo, California 94404, are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POSITION WITH UNDERWRITER POSITION WITH THE REGISTRANT
NAME
<S> <C> <C>
Charles B. Johnson Chairman of the Board and Director Trustee, Chairman and Vice
President
Gregory E. Johnson President None
Harmon E. Burns Executive Vice President and Director Vice President
Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. Executive Vice President and Director Vice President
Daniel T. O'Lear Executive Vice President None
Peter Jones Executive Vice President None
700 Central Avenue
St. Petersburg, FL
Deborah R. Gatzek Senior Vice President and Assistant Vice President
Secretary
Charles E. Johnson Senior Vice President Trustee and President
500 E Broward Blvd.
Ft. Lauderdale, FL
Edward V. McVey Senior Vice President None
Richard C. Stoker Senior Vice President None
Richard O. Conboy Senior Vice President None
H. G. Mumford, Jr. Senior Vice President None
Vivian J. Palmieri Vice President None
Jack Lemein Vice President None
James A. Escobedo Vice President None
Bert W. Feuss Vice President None
Loretta Fry Vice President None
Robert N. Geppner Vice President None
Mike Hackett Vice President None
Philip J. Kearns Vice President None
Ken Leder Vice President None
John R. McGee Vice President None
Kent P. Strazza Vice President None
Sarah Stypa Vice President None
Laura Komar Vice President None
Francie Arnone Assistant Vice President None
Alison Hawksley Assistant Vice President None
John R. Kay Assistant Vice President Vice President
500 E Broward Blvd.
Ft. Lauderdale, FL
Susan Thompson Assistant Vice President None
Virginia Marans Assistant Vice President None
Bernadette Marino Howard Assistant Vice President None
Mark Rankin Assistant Vice President None
Kenneth A. Lewis Treasurer None
Philip A. Scatena Assistant Treasurer None
Karen DeBellis Assistant Treasurer Assistant Treasurer
700 Central Avenue
St. Petersburg, FL
Leslie M. Kratter Secretary None
</TABLE>
(c) Not Applicable (Information on unaffiliated underwriters).
ITEM 30. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS
The accounts, books, and other documents required to be
maintained by Registrant pursuant to Section 31(a) of the
Investment Company Act of 1940 and rules promulgated
thereunder are in the possession of Franklin Templeton
Services, Inc., 500 East Broward Blvd., Fort Lauderdale,
Florida 33394.
ITEM 31. MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 32. UNDERTAKINGS.
(a) Not Applicable.
(b) Not Applicable.
(c) Registrant undertakes to call a meeting of Shareholders
for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of a
Trustee or Trustees when requested to do so by the holders of
at least 10% of the Registrant's outstanding shares of
beneficial interest and in connection with such meeting to
comply with the shareholder communications provisions of
Section 16(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
(d) Registrant undertakes to furnish to each person to whom
its Prospectus is provided a copy of its lasted Annual Report,
upon request and without charge.
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant
certifies that it meets all the requirements for effectiveness of this
Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933
and has duly caused this Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of
Columbia on the 31st day of July, 1997.
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND
(REGISTRANT)
By:
Charles E. Johnson*
President
*By:/s/JEFFREY L. STEELE
Jeffrey L. Steele
attorney-in-fact**
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
this amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the
following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
<S> <C> <C>
____________________ President (Chief July 31, 1997
Charles E. Johnson* Executive Officer)
___________________ Chairman of the Board July 31, 1997
Charles B. Johnson*
____________________ Trustee July 31, 1997
Martin L. Flanagan*
___________________ Trustee July 31, 1997
Betty P. Krahmer*
___________________ Trustee July 31, 1997
Fred R. Millsaps*
<PAGE>
____________________ Trustee July 31, 199
Harris J. Ashton*
____________________ Trustee July 31, 1997
S. Joseph Fortunato*
____________________ Trustee July 31, 1997
Andrew H. Hines, Jr.*
____________________ Trustee July 31, 1997
John Wm. Galbraith*
____________________ Trustee July 31, 1997
Gordon S. Macklin*
____________________ Trustee July 31, 1997
Edith E. Holiday*
____________________ Trustee July 31, 1997
Nicholas F. Brady*
____________________ Treasurer (Chief July 31, 1997
James R. Baio* Financial and Accounting
Officer)
</TABLE>
*By:/s/JEFFREY L. STEELE
Jeffrey L. Steele,
Attorney-in-fact**
** Powers of Attorney were previously filed in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to
the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Franklin Templeton Japan Fund (File
No. 33-47666) filed on December 31, 1996.
<PAGE>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
EXHIBITS
FILED WITH
POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
ON
FORM N-1A
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT LIST
EXHIBIT NUMBER NAME OF EXHIBIT
(9)(B) Form of Transfer Agent Agreement
(11) Consent of Independent Public Accountants
(19) Form of Multiclass Plan
(27) Financial Data Schedule
TRANSFER AGENT AGREEMENT BETWEEN
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND AND
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
AGREEMENT dated as of July 28, 1994, and amended and restated as of
August 10, 1995 and July 1, 1996, between FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND, a
registered open-end investment company with offices at 700 Central Avenue, St.
Petersburg, Florida 33701 (the "Trust"), and FRANKLIN TEMPLETON INVESTOR
SERVICES, INC., a registered transfer agent with offices at 700 Central Avenue,
St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 ("FTIS").
W I T N E S E T H:
That for and in consideration of the mutual promises hereinafter set
forth, the Trust and FTIS agree as follows:
1. DEFINITIONS. Whenever used in this Agreement, the following words and
phrases, unless the context otherwise requires, shall have the following
meanings:
(a) "Declaration of Trust" shall mean the Declaration of Trust of the Trust as
the same may be amended from time to time;
(b) "Authorized Person" shall be deemed to include any person,
whether or not such person is an officer or employee of the Trust, duly
authorized to give Oral Instructions or Written Instructions on behalf of the
Trust as indicated in a certificate furnished to FTIS pursuant to Section 4(c)
hereof as may be received by FTIS from time to time;
(c) "Custodian" refers to the custodian and any sub-custodian
of all securities and other property which the Trust may from time to time
deposit, or cause to be deposited or held under the name or account of such
custodian pursuant to the Custody Agreement;
(d) "Oral Instructions" shall mean instructions, other than
written instructions, actually received by FTIS from a person reasonably
believed by FTIS to be an Authorized Person;
(e) "Shares" refers to shares of beneficial interest, par value $.01 per share,
of the Trust; and
(f) "Written Instructions" shall mean a written communication
signed by a person reasonably believed by FTIS to be an Authorized Person and
actually received by FTIS.
2. APPOINTMENT OF FTIS. The Trust hereby appoints and constitutes FTIS
as transfer agent for Shares of the Trust and as shareholder servicing agent for
the Trust, and FTIS accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the duties
hereinafter set forth.
3. COMPENSATION.
(a) The Trust will compensate or cause FTIS to be compensated
for the performance of its obligations hereunder in accordance with the fees set
forth in the written schedule of fees annexed hereto as Schedule A and
incorporated herein. Schedule A does not include out-of-pocket disbursements of
FTIS for which FTIS shall be entitled to bill the Trust separately. FTIS will
bill the Trust as soon as practicable after the end of each calendar month, and
said billings will be detailed in accordance with Schedule A. The Trust will
promptly pay to FTIS the amount of such billing.
Out-of-pocket disbursements shall include, but shall not be
limited to, the items specified in the written schedule of out-of-pocket
expenses annexed hereto as Schedule B and incorporated herein. Schedule B may be
modified by FTIS upon not less than 30 days' prior written notice to the Trust.
Unspecified out-of-pocket expenses shall be limited to those out-of-pocket
expenses reasonably incurred by FTIS in the performance of its obligations
hereunder. Reimbursement by the Trust for expenses incurred by FTIS in any month
shall be made as soon as practicable after the receipt of an itemized bill from
FTIS.
Out-of-Pocket disbursements may also include payments made by
FTIS to entities including affiliated entities which provide sub-shareholder
services, recordkeeping and/or transfer agency services to beneficial owners of
the Trust, where such services are substantially similar to the services
provided by FTIS to account holders of record. The amount of these disbursements
per benefit plan participant fund account per year shall not exceed the per
account transfer agency fees payable by the Trust to FTIS in connection with
maintaining actual shareholder accounts. On an annual basis, FTIS shall provide
a report to the Board showing, with respect to each entity receiving such fees,
the number of beneficial owners serviced by such entity and the value of the
assets in the Trust represented by such accounts.
(b) Any compensation agreed to hereunder may be adjusted from
time to time by attaching to Schedule A of this Agreement a revised Fee
Schedule.
4. DOCUMENTS. In connection with the appointment of FTIS, the Trust
shall, on or before the date this Agreement goes into effect, but in any case,
within a reasonable period of time for FTIS to prepare to perform its duties
hereunder, deliver or cause to be delivered to FTIS the following documents:
(a) If applicable, specimens of the certificates for Shares of the Trust;
(b) All account application forms and other documents relating to Shareholder
accounts or to any plan, program or service offered by the Trust;
(c) A certificate identifying the Authorized Persons and specimen signatures of
Authorized Persons who will sign Written Instructions; and
(d) All documents and papers necessary under the laws of
Florida, under the Trust's Declaration of Trust, and as may be required for the
due performance of FTIS's duties under this Agreement or for the due performance
of additional duties as may from time to time be agreed upon between the Trust
and FTIS.
5. DISTRIBUTIONS PAYABLE IN SHARES. In the event that the Board of
Trustees of the Trust shall declare a distribution payable in Shares, the Trust
shall deliver or cause to be delivered to FTIS written notice of such
declaration signed on behalf of the Trust by an officer thereof, upon which FTIS
shall be entitled to rely for all purposes, certifying (i) the number of Shares
involved, and (ii) that all appropriate action has been taken.
6. DUTIES OF THE TRANSFER AGENT. FTIS shall be responsible for
administering and/or performing transfer agent functions; for acting as service
agent in connection with dividend and distribution functions; and for performing
shareholder account and administrative agent functions in connection with the
issuance, transfer and redemption or repurchase (including coordination with the
Custodian) of Shares. The operating standards and procedures to be followed
shall be determined from time to time by agreement between the Trust and FTIS.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, FTIS agrees to perform the
specific duties listed on Schedule C.
7. RECORDKEEPING AND OTHER INFORMATION. FTIS shall create and maintain all
necessary records in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations.
8. OTHER DUTIES. In addition, FTIS shall perform such other duties and
functions, and shall be paid such amounts therefor, as may from time to time be
agreed upon in writing between the Trust and FTIS. Such other duties and
functions shall be reflected in a written amendment to Schedule C, and the
compensation for such other duties and functions shall be reflected in a written
amendment to Schedule A.
9. RELIANCE BY TRANSFER AGENT; INSTRUCTIONS.
(a) FTIS will be protected in acting upon Written or Oral
Instructions reasonably believed to have been executed or orally communicated by
an Authorized Person and will not be held to have any notice of any change of
authority of any person until receipt of a Written Instruction thereof from an
officer of the Trust. FTIS will also be protected in processing Share
certificates which it reasonably believes to bear the proper manual or facsimile
signatures of the officers of the Trust and the proper countersignature of FTIS.
(b) At any time FTIS may apply to any Authorized Person of the
Trust for Written Instructions and may seek advice at the Trust's expense from
legal counsel for the Trust or from its own legal counsel, with respect to any
matter arising in connection with this Agreement, and it shall not be liable for
any action taken or not taken or suffered by it in good faith in accordance with
such Written Instructions or in accordance with the opinion of counsel for the
Trust or for FTIS. Written Instructions requested by FTIS will be provided by
the Trust within a reasonable period of time. In addition, FTIS, or its
officers, agents or employees, shall accept Oral Instructions or Written
Instructions given to them by any person representing or acting on behalf of the
Trust only if said representative is known by FTIS, or its officers, agents or
employees, to be an Authorized Person.
10. ACTS OF GOD, ETC. FTIS will not be liable or responsible for delays
or errors by reason of circumstances beyond its control, including acts of civil
or military authority, national emergencies, labor difficulties, fire,
mechanical breakdown beyond its control, flood or catastrophe, acts of God,
insurrection, war, riots or failure beyond its control of transportation,
communication or power supply.
11. TERM AND TERMINATION.
(a) This Agreement shall be effective as of the date first
written above and shall continue until July 31, 1995 and thereafter shall
continue automatically for successive annual periods ending on July 31st of each
year, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by
(i) the Trust's Board of Trustees or (ii) a vote of a "majority" (as defined in
the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act")) of the Trust's outstanding
voting securities, provided that in either event the continuance is also
approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees who are not "interested persons"
(as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in
person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting such approval.
(b) Either party hereto may terminate this Agreement by giving
to the other party a notice in writing specifying the date of such termination,
which shall be not less than 60 days after the date of receipt of such notice.
In the event such notice is given by the Trust, it shall be accompanied by a
resolution of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, certified by the Secretary of
the Trust, designating a successor transfer agent or transfer agents. Upon such
termination and at the expense of the Trust, FTIS will deliver to such successor
a certified list of Shareholders of the Trust (with names and addresses), an
historical record of the account of each Shareholder and the status thereof, and
all other relevant books, records, correspondence, and other data established or
maintained by FTIS under this Agreement in a form reasonably acceptable to the
Trust, and will cooperate in the transfer of such duties and responsibilities,
including provisions for assistance from FTIS's personnel in the establishment
of books, records and other data by such successor or successors.
12. AMENDMENT. This Agreement may not be amended or modified in any manner
except by a written agreement executed by both parties.
13. SUBCONTRACTING. The Trust agrees that FTIS may, in its discretion,
subcontract for certain of the services described under this Agreement or the
Schedules hereto; provided that the appointment of any such agent shall not
relieve FTIS of its responsibilities hereunder.
14. MISCELLANEOUS.
(a) Any notice or other instrument authorized or required by
this Agreement to be given in writing to the Trust or FTIS shall be sufficiently
given if addressed to that party and received by it at its office set forth
below or at such other place as it may from time to time designate in writing.
To the Trust:
Franklin Templeton Japan Fund
700 Central Avenue
St. Petersburg, Florida 33701
To FTIS:
Franklin Templeton Investor Services, Inc.
700 Central Avenue
St. Petersburg, Florida 33701
(b) This Agreement shall extend to and shall be binding upon
the parties hereto, and their respective successors and assigns; provided,
however, that this Agreement shall not be assignable without the written consent
of the other party.
(c) This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State
of Florida.
(d) This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original; but such
counterparts shall, together, constitute only one instrument.
(e) The captions of this Agreement are included for
convenience of reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the
provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be
executed by their respective corporate officers thereunder duly authorized as of
the day and year first above written.
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND
BY: /s/JOHN R. KAY
John R. Kay
Vice President
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON INVESTOR SERVICES,INC.
BY:/s/MARTIN L. FLANAGAN
Martin L. Flanagan
Senior Vice President
<PAGE>
A-1
Schedule A
FEES
Shareholder account maintenance (per $14.54, adjusted as of February
annum, prorated payable monthly) 1 of each year to reflect changes
in the Department of Labor
Consumer Price Index.
Cash withdrawal program No charge to the Trust.
Retirement Plans No charge to the Trust.
Wire orders or express mailings of $15.00 fee may be charged for
redemption proceeds each wire order and each express
mailing.
February 1, 1997
<PAGE>
B-1
Schedule B
OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENSES
The Trust shall reimburse FTIS monthly for the following out-of-pocket
expenses:
o postage and mailing
o forms
o outgoing wire charges
o telephone
o Federal Reserve charges for check clearance
o if applicable, magnetic tape and freight
o retention of records
o microfilm/microfiche
o stationery
o insurance
o if applicable, terminals, transmitting lines and any expenses
incurred in connection with such terminals and lines
o all other miscellaneous expenses reasonably incurred by FTIS
The Trust agrees that postage and mailing expenses will be paid on the
day of or prior to mailing as agreed with FTIS. In addition, the Trust will
promptly reimburse FTIS for any other expenses incurred by FTIS as to which the
Trust and FTIS mutually agree that such expenses are not otherwise properly
borne by FTIS as part of its duties and obligations under the Agreement.
<PAGE>
C-4
C-1
Schedule C
DUTIES
AS TRANSFER AGENT FOR INVESTORS IN THE TRUST, FTIS WILL:
o Record in its transfer record, countersign as transfer agent,
and deliver certificates signed manually or by facsimile, by
the President or a Vice-President and by the Secretary or the
Treasurer of the Trust, in such names and for such number of
authorized but hitherto unissued Shares of the Trust as to
which FTIS shall receive instructions; and
o Transfer on its records from time to time, when presented to
it for that purpose, certificates of said Shares, whether now
outstanding or hereafter issued, when countersigned by a duly
authorized transfer agent, and upon the cancellation of the
old certificates, record and countersign new certificates for
a corresponding aggregate number of Shares and deliver said
new certificates.
AS SHAREHOLDER SERVICE AGENT FOR INVESTORS IN THE TRUST, FTIS WILL:
o Receive from the Trust, from the Trust's Principal Underwriter
or from a Shareholder, on a form acceptable to FTIS,
information necessary to record sales and redemptions and to
generate sale and/or redemption confirmations;
o Mail sale and/or redemption confirmations using standard
forms;
o Accept and process cash payments from investors, and clear
checks which represent payments for the purchase of Shares;
o Requisition Shares in accordance with instructions of the
Principal Underwriter of the Shares of the Trust;
o Produce periodic reports reflecting the accounts receivable
and the paid pending (free stock) items;
o Open, maintain and close Shareholder accounts;
o Establish registration of ownership of Shares in accordance
with generally accepted form;
o Maintain monthly records of (i) issued Shares and (ii) number
of Shareholders and their aggregate Shareholdings classified
according to their residence in each State of the United
States or foreign country;
o Accept and process telephone exchanges for Shares in
accordance with the Trust's Telephone Exchange Privilege as
described in the Trust's current prospectus;
o Maintain and safeguard records for each Shareholder showing
name(s), address, number of any certificates issued, and
number of Shares registered in such name(s), together with
continuous proof of the outstanding Shares, and dealer
identification, and reflecting all current changes; on
request, provide information as to an investor's qualification
for Cumulative Quantity Discount; and provide all accounts
with confirmation statements reflecting the most recent
transactions, and also provide year-end historical
confirmation statements;
o Provide on request a duplicate set of records for file
maintenance in the Trust's office in St. Petersburg, Florida;
o Out of money received in payment for Share sales, pay to the
Trust's Custodian Account with the Custodian, the net asset
value per Share and pay to the Principal Underwriter its
commission;
o Redeem Shares and prepare and mail liquidation checks;
o Pass upon the adequacy of documents submitted by a
Shareholder or his legal representative to substantiate the
transfer of ownership of Shares from the registered owner
to transferees;
o From time to time, make transfers upon the books of the Trust
in accordance with properly executed transfer instructions
furnished to FTIS and make transfers of certificates for such
Shares as may be surrendered for transfer properly endorsed,
and countersign new certificates issued in lieu thereof;
o Upon receipt of proper documentation, place stop transfers,
obtain necessary insurance forms, and reissue replacement
certificates against lost, stolen or destroyed Share
certificates;
o Check surrendered certificates for stop transfer restrictions.
Although FTIS cannot insure the genuineness of certificates
surrendered for cancellation, it will employ all due
reasonable care in deciding the genuineness of such
certificates and the guarantor of the signature(s) thereon;
o Cancel surrendered certificates and record and countersign
new certificates;
o Certify outstanding Shares to auditors;
o In connection with any meeting of Shareholders, upon receiving
appropriate detailed instructions and written materials
prepared by the Trust and proxy proofs checked by the Trust,
print proxy cards; deliver to Shareholders all reports,
prospectuses, proxy cards and related proxy materials of
suitable design for enclosing; receive and tabulate executed
proxies; and furnish a list of Shareholders for the meeting;
o Answer routine correspondence and telephone inquiries about
individual accounts; prepare monthly reports for
correspondence volume and correspondence data necessary for
the Trust's Semi-Annual Report on Form N-SAR;
o Prepare and mail dealer commission statements and checks;
o Maintain and furnish the Trust and its Shareholders with such
information as the Trust may reasonably request for the
purpose of compliance by the Trust with the applicable tax and
securities laws of applicable jurisdictions;
o Mail confirmations of transactions to investors and dealers
in a timely fashion;
o Pay or reinvest income dividends and/or capital gains
distributions to Shareholders of record, in accordance with
the Trust's and/or Shareholder's instructions, provided that:
(a) The Trust shall notify FTIS in writing
promptly upon declaration of any such
dividend and/or distribution, and in any
event at least forty-eight (48) hours before
the record date;
(b) Such notification shall include the
declaration date, the record date, the
payable date, the rate, and, if applicable,
the reinvestment date and the reinvestment
price to be used; and
(c) Prior to the payable date, the Trust shall
furnish FTIS with sufficient fully and
finally collected funds to make such
distribution.
o Prepare and file annual United States information returns of
dividends and capital gains distributions (Form 1099) and mail
payee copies to Shareholders; report and pay United States
income taxes withheld from distributions made to nonresidents
of the United States; and prepare and mail to Shareholders the
notice required by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code as to
realized capital gains distributed and/or retained, and their
proportionate share of any foreign taxes paid by the Trust;
o Prepare transfer journals;
o Set up wire order trades on file;
o Receive payment for trades and update the trade file;
o Produce delinquency and other trade file reports;
o Provide dealer commission statements and payments thereof for
the Principal Underwriter;
o Sort and print Shareholder information by state, social code,
price break, etc.; and
o Mail promptly the Statement of Additional Information of the
Trust to each Shareholder who requests it, at no cost to the
Shareholder.
In connection with the Trust's Cash Withdrawal Program, FTIS will:
o Make payment of amounts withdrawn periodically by the
Shareholder pursuant to the Program by redeeming Shares, and
confirm such redemptions to the Shareholder; and
o Provide confirmations of all redemptions, reinvestment of
dividends and distributions, and any additional investments in
the Program, including a summary confirmation at the year-end.
In connection with Tax Deferred Retirement Plans involving the Trust,
FTIS will:
o Receive and process applications, accept contributions,
record Shares issued and dividends reinvested;
o Make distributions when properly requested; and
o Furnish reports to regulatory authorities as required.
MCGLADREY & PULLEN, LLP
Certified Public Accountants and Consultants
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We hereby consent to the use of our report dated April 25, 1997 on the
financial statements of Franklin Templeton Japan Fund referred to therein, which
appear in the 1997 Annual Reports to Shareholders and which are incorporated
herein by reference, in Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration
Statement on Form N-1A, File No. 33-47666 as filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission.
We also consent to the reference to our firm in the Prospectus under
the caption "Financial Highlights" and in the Statement of Additional
Information under the caption "Independent Accountants".
/s/ McGladrey & Pullen, LLP
New York, New York
July 15, 1997
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND
MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN
This Multiple Class Plan (the "Plan") has been adopted by a
majority of the Board of Trustees of Franklin Templeton Japan Fund (the "Fund").
The Board has determined that the Plan is in the best interests of each class of
the Fund as a whole. The Plan sets forth the provisions relating to the
establishment of multiple classes of shares of the Fund.
1. The Fund shall offer two classes of shares, to be known as
Franklin Templeton Japan Fund Class I shares ("Class I Shares") and Franklin
Templeton Japan Fund - Advisor Class shares ("Advisor Class Shares").
2. Class I Shares shall carry a front-end sales charge
ranging from 0% - 5.75%. Advisor Class Shares shall not be subject to any
front-end sales charges.
3. Class I Shares shall not be subject to a contingent
deferred sales charge ("CDSC") except in the following limited circumstances. On
investments of $1 million or more, a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00%
of the lesser of the then-current net asset value or the original net asset
value at the time of purchase applies to redemptions of those investments within
the contingency period of 12 months from the calendar month following their
purchase. The CDSC is waived in certain circumstances, as described in the
Fund's prospectus.
Advisor Class Shares shall not be subject to any CDSC.
4. The distribution plan adopted by the Fund pursuant to Rule
12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the "Rule 12b-1
Plan") associated with the Class I Shares may be used to reimburse Franklin
Templeton Distributors, Inc. (the "Distributor") or others for expenses incurred
in the promotion and distribution of the Class I Shares. Such expenses include,
but are not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales
purposes, expenses of preparing and distributing sales literature and related
expenses, advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses, including a
prorated portion of the Distributor's overhead expenses attributable to the
distribution of the Class I Shares, as well as any distribution or service fees
paid to securities dealers or their firms or others who have executed a
servicing agreement with the Fund for the Class I Shares, the Distributor or its
affiliates.
No Rule 12b-1 Plan has been adopted on behalf of the Advisor
Class Shares, and therefore, the Advisor Class Shares shall not be subject to
deductions relating to Rule 12b-1 fees.
The Rule 12b-1 Plans for the Class I Shares shall operate in
accordance with the Rules of Fair Practice of the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc., Article III, section 26(d).
5. The only difference in expenses as between Class I and
Advisor Class Shares shall relate to differences in the Rule 12b-1 plan expenses
of each class, as described in any class' applicable Rule 12b-1 Plan.
6. There shall be no conversion features associated with the
Class I and Advisor Class Shares.
7. Class I Shares of the Fund may only be exchanged for Class
I Shares of any other fund or series in the Franklin Templeton Group and may not
be exchanged into the Franklin Templeton Money Fund II of the Franklin Templeton
Money Fund Trust. Advisor Class Shares of the Fund may only be exchanged for
Advisor Class shares of any other fund or series in the Franklin Templeton
Group, Class I shares of any other fund or series in the Franklin Templeton
Group that does not offer Advisor Class shares, and Class Z shares of Franklin
Mutual Series Fund, Inc.
8. Each class will vote separately with respect to any Rule
12b-1 Plan related to that class.
9. On an ongoing basis, the Trustees, pursuant to their
fiduciary responsibilities under the 1940 Act and otherwise, will monitor the
Fund for the existence of any material conflicts between the interests of the
various classes of shares. The Trustees, including a majority of the independent
Trustees, shall take such action as is reasonably necessary to eliminate any
such conflict that may develop. The Fund's Investment Manager and Franklin
Templeton Distributors, Inc. shall be responsible for alerting the Board to any
material conflicts that arise.
10. All material amendments to this Plan must be approved by a
majority of the Trustees of the Fund, including a majority of the Trustees who
are not interested persons of the Fund.
WARNING: THE EDGAR SYSTEM ENCOUNTERED ERROR(S) WHILE PROCESSING THIS SCHEDULE.
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 6
<LEGEND>
THE SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND MARCH 31, 1997 ANNUAL REPORT AND IS
QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<CIK>0000887400
<NAME> FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND - CLASS I
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> MAR-31-1997
<PERIOD-END> MAR-31-1997
<INVESTMENTS-AT-COST> 8062297
<INVESTMENTS-AT-VALUE> 7063354
<RECEIVABLES> 113540
<ASSETS-OTHER> 0
<OTHER-ITEMS-ASSETS> 54535
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 7231429
<PAYABLE-FOR-SECURITIES> 0
<SENIOR-LONG-TERM-DEBT> 0
<OTHER-ITEMS-LIABILITIES> 48518
<TOTAL-LIABILITIES> 48518
<SENIOR-EQUITY> 0
<PAID-IN-CAPITAL-COMMON> 9003963
<SHARES-COMMON-STOCK> 958580
<SHARES-COMMON-PRIOR> 601987
<ACCUMULATED-NII-CURRENT> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-NII> 0
<ACCUMULATED-NET-GAINS> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-GAINS> (822109)
<ACCUM-APPREC-OR-DEPREC> (998943)
<NET-ASSETS> 7182911
<DIVIDEND-INCOME> 41229
<INTEREST-INCOME> 41139
<OTHER-INCOME> 0
<EXPENSES-NET> 133442
<NET-INVESTMENT-INCOME> (51074)
<REALIZED-GAINS-CURRENT> (831259)
<APPREC-INCREASE-CURRENT> (1035823)
<NET-CHANGE-FROM-OPS> (1918156)
<EQUALIZATION> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-INCOME> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-GAINS> (117178)
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OTHER> (2679)
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-SOLD> 1104095
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-REDEEMED> (757577)
<SHARES-REINVESTED> 10075
<NET-CHANGE-IN-ASSETS> 951140
<ACCUMULATED-NII-PRIOR> 0
<ACCUMULATED-GAINS-PRIOR> 119193
<OVERDISTRIB-NII-PRIOR> (2015)
<OVERDIST-NET-GAINS-PRIOR> 0
<GROSS-ADVISORY-FEES> 49723
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 0
<GROSS-EXPENSE> 202434
<AVERAGE-NET-ASSETS> 6620187
<PER-SHARE-NAV-BEGIN> 10.35
<PER-SHARE-NII> (.05)
<PER-SHARE-GAIN-APPREC> (2.69)
<PER-SHARE-DIVIDEND> 0
<PER-SHARE-DISTRIBUTIONS> (.17)
<RETURNS-OF-CAPITAL> 0
<PER-SHARE-NAV-END> 7.44
<EXPENSE-RATIO> 2.00<F1>
<AVG-DEBT-OUTSTANDING> 0
<AVG-DEBT-PER-SHARE> 0
<FN>
<F1>The expense ratio without reimbursement would have been 3.05%.
</FN>
</TABLE>
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 6
<LEGEND>
THE SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND MARCH 31, 1997 ANNUAL REPORT AND IS
QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<CIK>0000887400
<NAME> FRANKLIN TEMPLETON JAPAN FUND - ADVISOR CLASS
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> MAR-31-1997
<PERIOD-END> MAR-31-1997
<INVESTMENTS-AT-COST> 8062297
<INVESTMENTS-AT-VALUE> 7063354
<RECEIVABLES> 113540
<ASSETS-OTHER> 0
<OTHER-ITEMS-ASSETS> 54535
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 7231429
<PAYABLE-FOR-SECURITIES> 0
<SENIOR-LONG-TERM-DEBT> 0
<OTHER-ITEMS-LIABILITIES> 48518
<TOTAL-LIABILITIES> 48518
<SENIOR-EQUITY> 0
<PAID-IN-CAPITAL-COMMON> 9003963
<SHARES-COMMON-STOCK> 7381
<SHARES-COMMON-PRIOR> 0
<ACCUMULATED-NII-CURRENT> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-NII> 0
<ACCUMULATED-NET-GAINS> 0
<OVERDISTRIBUTION-GAINS> (822109)
<ACCUM-APPREC-OR-DEPREC> (998943)
<NET-ASSETS> 7182911
<DIVIDEND-INCOME> 41229
<INTEREST-INCOME> 41139
<OTHER-INCOME> 0
<EXPENSES-NET> 133442
<NET-INVESTMENT-INCOME> (51074)
<REALIZED-GAINS-CURRENT> (831259)
<APPREC-INCREASE-CURRENT> (1035823)
<NET-CHANGE-FROM-OPS> (1918156)
<EQUALIZATION> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-INCOME> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-GAINS> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OTHER> 0
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-SOLD> 24789
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-REDEEMED> (17408)
<SHARES-REINVESTED> 0
<NET-CHANGE-IN-ASSETS> 951140
<ACCUMULATED-NII-PRIOR> 0
<ACCUMULATED-GAINS-PRIOR> 119193
<OVERDISTRIB-NII-PRIOR> (2015)
<OVERDIST-NET-GAINS-PRIOR> 0
<GROSS-ADVISORY-FEES> 49723
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 0
<GROSS-EXPENSE> 202434
<AVERAGE-NET-ASSETS> 47881
<PER-SHARE-NAV-BEGIN> 8.14
<PER-SHARE-NII> .02
<PER-SHARE-GAIN-APPREC> (.72)
<PER-SHARE-DIVIDEND> 0
<PER-SHARE-DISTRIBUTIONS> 0
<RETURNS-OF-CAPITAL> 0
<PER-SHARE-NAV-END> 7.44
<EXPENSE-RATIO> 1.65<F1>
<AVG-DEBT-OUTSTANDING> 0
<AVG-DEBT-PER-SHARE> 0
<FN>
<F1>The expense ratio without reimbursement would have been 3.48% Annualized.
</FN>
</TABLE>
