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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
------------------------
FORM 10-K
------------------------
(MARK ONE)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2000
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ____________ TO ____________ .
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-26156
NOVADIGM, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
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DELAWARE 22-3160347
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF INCORPORATION (I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO.)
OR ORGANIZATION)
ONE INTERNATIONAL BLVD., SUITE 200, MAHWAH, 07495
NJ (ZIP CODE)
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
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(201) 512-1000
REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT:
NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT:
COMMON STOCK, $.001 PAR VALUE
(TITLE OF CLASS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. [X] Yes [ ] No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K (sec. 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein,
and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive
proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10K. [X]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of
the registrant, based upon the closing price of the Common Stock on June 12,
2000, as reported on Nasdaq National Market was approximately $242,782,000.
Shares of Common Stock held by each executive officer and director and by each
person who owns 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded in
that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of
affiliates status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other
purposes.
On June 12, 2000, there were 18,763,759 shares of the registrant's Common
Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The registrant has incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K
portions of its Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders which is
scheduled to be held September 15, 2000.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I
Item 1. Business.................................................... 3
Item 2. Properties.................................................. 14
Item 3. Legal Proceedings........................................... 14
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Securities Holders....... 15
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Stock and Related
Stockholder Matters......................................... 16
Item 6. Selected Financial Data..................................... 17
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of
Operations.................................................. 18
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data................. 27
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial
Disclosure.................................................. 27
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.......... 28
Item 11. Executive Compensation...................................... 28
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management.................................................. 28
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.............. 28
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statements Schedule, and Reports on Form
8-K......................................................... 29
SIGNATURES............................................................ 31
POWER OF ATTORNEY..................................................... 32
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Among the marks owned by Novadigm, Inc., "Novadigm," "Novadigm Enterprise
Desktop Manager" and "Radia" are registered trademarks, and "Enterprise Desktop
Manager," "EDM: Manager," "EDM: Administrator," "EDM: Server," "EDM: Client,"
and "e-wrap" are trademarks. This filing also includes trademarks of companies
other than those of Novadigm, Inc.
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PART I
This report includes a number of forward-looking statements which reflect
Novadigm's current views with respect to future events and financial
performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and
uncertainties, including those discussed below, that could cause actual results
to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated. In this
report, the words "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "intends," "future" and
similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned
not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and are advised
to review the risks and uncertainties set forth under "Business Risks" in Part
II, Item 7.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Novadigm, Inc. ("Novadigm") is a provider of technology solutions that
efficiently and reliably deliver, update and maintain software and content
across the extended enterprise. Novadigm has become an industry leader in
reducing software ownership costs while at the same time reducing time-to-market
for infrastructure and application deployment across any business-to-employee
("B2E"), business-to-business ("B2B") or business-to-consumer ("B2C")
network -- from client/server to the Internet to public e-commerce terminals.
Novadigm customers report software management savings of 80% or more and
time-to-market improvement of 70% or more. Novadigm's suite of products, based
on our e-wrap technology, share a common architecture and work seamlessly
together as the only end-to-end solution that can reliably and scalably deploy
and manage the full range of today's software and content. Novadigm's solution
deploys and manages software and content as a self-installing, self-updating,
self-repairing continuous flow, on a wide range of computing devices (fixed and
mobile) over virtually any kind of network, from the core of the enterprise out
to any end-point of the extended enterprise. Novadigm's customers include
Fortune 1000 companies in the financial services, insurance, transportation,
telecommunications, retail, healthcare, and utilities industries; government
agencies; large independent software vendors; and information technology ("IT")
service providers around the world.
Novadigm's unique e-wrap technology ensures the right components of
software are always available to the right users at the right time without
requiring administrative or user intervention. Novadigm's e-wrap technology uses
desired-state management to automate the deployment and management of software
and content across complex environments with reliability typically reported by
customers as greater than 99%, and its patented component and byte-level
differencing, deploys only the minimal software and content parts necessary for
updates and corrections. This ensures minimal impact to networks and rapid
application delivery.
With Novadigm's e-wrap technology, IT professionals and software or content
providers can deploy, configure, update and maintain the spectrum of digital
assets -- from packaged applications and software updates to multi-media
content -- with policy-based capabilities that enable automated management of
entire portfolios or single applications of software and content throughout the
tiered supply chain of providers, resellers, integrators, enterprises, users and
subscribers or customers.
Novadigm's Enterprise Desktop Manager ("EDM") and Radia products
("Radia") -- which share common Novadigm e-wrap technology and are seamlessly
integrated -- can provide automated software and content management across the
enterprise and the Internet for distributed PCs, servers, point-of-sale ("POS")
devices, automated teller machines ("ATMs"), Internet kiosks, handheld computers
and other computing devices.
BACKGROUND
Novadigm's automated software and digital content management solutions
serve a number of related and overlapping markets that the continuing extension
of the enterprise is drawing together. These markets incorporate numerous user
communities, including corporate employees, remote/mobile users, customers,
partners, suppliers and consumers being served by POS devices or using public
e-commerce terminals such as ATMs and Internet kiosks, as well as handheld
computers.
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This collection of markets is commonly characterized as Electronic Software
Distribution ("ESD"), a large and rapidly growing segment of the systems
management marketplace that arose in the early 1990s. The ESD market as a whole
is expected by International Data Corporation to grow from $1.95 billion in 1999
to approximately $4.89 billion by the year 2004. ESD is generally used to
describe a broad class of software tools that attempt to meet one or more of the
business requirements to deploy infrastructure, business applications and
personal productivity software within the enterprise and across the Internet. In
the Internet space, emerging market segments which are often categorized within
ESD include Internet Application Management and the Internet Services Management
("ISM") infrastructure market.
ESD includes a wide range of technology solutions that focus on one or more
types of software or content (such as operating systems, productivity tools,
business-critical software, graphical documents, etc.), one or more kinds of
networks (local area networks ("LANs"), wide area networks ("WANs"), virtual
area networks ("VANs"), intranets, extranets or the Internet), and one or more
audiences (such as in-house knowledge workers, remote/mobile workers, Internet
users, trading partners, etc.). As semi-automated tools based on older
technologies, most ESD products are low-powered, platform-specific, specialized
for a certain type of software or user environment, limited in scalability, and
typically enforce standardization at the expense of user personalization. These
approaches are often labor-intensive, error-prone and non-replicable (i.e., any
changes in software, user configuration or environment require a great deal of
manual rework). As a result, they cannot be scaled across large implementations,
cannot deliver the application deployment speed required in the current world of
e-business, exact high implementation and operational costs, and, at enterprise
scale, suffer a significant failure rate -- pegged at 75% by the Gartner Group,
Inc., a leading IT analyst firm. What characterizes these solutions and their
vendors competitively is the degree of usability, flexibility, level of
automation, scalability, and reliability which they provide, and the range of
software and content, computing devices, and environments that they can
effectively manage.
Novadigm believes that software and content management solutions that
automate the "end-to-end" process of discovering, tracking, configuring,
deploying, updating, correcting and maintaining software and content across
large-scale networks both inside and outside of corporate firewalls are
fundamental to the future of the enterprise. These solutions must be fast,
scalable, reliable and highly adaptable to each customer's individual
applications, user audiences, and existing base of computing platforms and they
must support the dynamic and rapidly changing requirements of the business.
One of the key changes underway in the enterprise is its transformation
from a firewall-enclosed environment into an extended enterprise that is
reaching out to a rapidly growing population of remote/mobile users and -- via
extranets, the Internet and e-commerce technologies -- is directly linking
companies with suppliers and customers. Another significant change underway in
the enterprise is the migration of technology infrastructure to Microsoft's
Windows 2000 platform, which presents a considerable software deployment and
management challenge. Migration to the Windows 2000 platform includes a complete
and continuous roll-out of operating system and service packs, systems
management and application packaging tools, directory server software, as well
as new applications and upgrades from software providers.
Because these business and technology transformations cannot be completed
suddenly, given the complexity of the IT and software environments of most
enterprises and their heavy investments in existing technologies, Novadigm
believes that flexible software and content management solutions that can
provide an evolutionary bridge from existing to emerging technologies and
environments is now a critical competitive factor in today's software-intensive
enterprises.
THE NOVADIGM SOLUTION
Novadigm provides a unique set of solutions for the software and content
management challenge. We believe our solutions, based on Novadigm's e-wrap
technology, meet the need for end-user personalization even in the midst of
large-scale, synchronized deployments across enterprises and the Internet.
Novadigm's e-wrap technology provides high levels of adaptability, flexibility,
and automation. Adaptability comes from the embedded intelligence of
platform-independent object-oriented technology. Flexibility is provided by the
media-independence of Novadigm's e-wrap technology, which enables content to be
easily revised and
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customized. And automation is made possible by Novadigm's unique desired-state
approach to software and content management. The following highlights the
distinctive capabilities of Novadigm's e-wrap technology:
- automate the deployment, updating and continuous maintenance of the full
range of today's software and content, including shrink-wrapped and
custom-built applications written in any language or compose of any type
of distributed component, such as C++, Visual Basic, Java, Common Object
Request Broker Architecture ("CORBA"), etc., virus protection files,
operating systems, registry keys, icons, embedded links, digital
information, graphics, and full motion video
- across virtually any kind of enterprise network using a variety of
protocols, including existing enterprise LANs, WANs, VANs, as well as
intranets, extranets and the Internet, and utilizing a variety of
authentication and security techniques
- to the widest range of enterprise computing devices, including PCs, UNIX
workstations, Apple Macintoshs, file, application and Web servers, ATMs,
POS terminals, Internet kiosks and handheld computers.
We believe that Novadigm meets the requirements of today's extended
enterprises for solutions that can manage their rapidly expanding scale, that
can deliver the high level of reliability that e-business demands, and that can
handle the heterogeneity of computing devices in use today, with flexible,
scalable, highly reliable automated software and content management. Faster,
more adaptable, more quickly implemented, and easier and more cost-effective to
operate than conventional ESD tools and recent market entries, Novadigm's
products allow IT professionals and service providers to effectively manage
heterogeneous environments across any large-scale public and private network
using existing policies for automatically controlling the distribution and
maintenance of software and content.
We also believe that Novadigm solutions meet the requirements of
enterprises transforming to new business models or migrating corporate
infrastructures to new operating platforms such as Microsoft Windows 2000.
Customers can install, manage and repair existing infrastructure and
applications, while at the same time implementing new technologies, and
ultimately providing a smooth transition of IT infrastructure that is
transparent to the user community.
The following are key attributes of Novadigm's e-wrap technology:
Embedded Intelligence of Object-Oriented Technology. Novadigm's
object-oriented technology transforms software and content from file-based
media into self-aware, platform-independent, intelligent objects that
automatically assess the environment into which they are deployed, and
personalize, install, update and repair themselves accordingly.
Revisable Packaging for Revisable Content. Novadigm's e-wrap
technology enables revision and customization of software and content at
any midstream point in the provider-to-subscriber deployment process.
Because Novadigm's e-wrap technology transforms software and content into
objects, these objects can be easily modified midstream -- subtracted from,
added to, reconfigured -- simply by packaging them with other objects or
new configuration information. With revisable packaging, value-added
service providers and IT administrators may customize standard published
software offerings or internally developed applications for the needs of
their particular user audiences without having to unpack and repackage
everything.
Self-Managing Infrastructure. The object-oriented intelligence of
Novadigm's e-wrap technology incorporates a self-managing infrastructure.
This capability begins with network-independence, with Novadigm's e-wrap
technology flexibly supporting any deployment environment, whether
client/server, local, wide or virtual area network, intranet, extranet, or
the Internet. Furthermore, Novadigm supports most distribution media of the
target audience and the provider (which might be a software publisher,
application service provider (ASP), Internet service provider (ISP),
provider of enterprise application integration (EAI) services, management
service provider (MSP), e-business integrator, e-commerce component
provider, or in-house IT administrator).
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Reliable Desired-State Automation. Novadigm's desired-state approach
discovers the "actual state" of each corporate user's, workgroup's,
department's, or Internet-based consumer's software, configurations and
content and compares this in real-time with its "desired state." If there
is a difference between the two, Novadigm's differencing technology
automatically determines the precise component-level changes that are
required and sends only those changes to the user's computer.
Adaptive Configuration Management. Novadigm's e-wrap technology can
automatically configure software packages and content for highly
personalized user environments and install them as dictated by
administrative policies or user preferences. As program versions and user
environments and preferences change, the affected user's actual-state is
automatically differenced and reconfigured to correspond to the
desired-state of operation, thus eliminating the need for manual user or
administrator involvement.
Policy- and Subscription-Based Controls and Auditability. Novadigm's
products use policy-based access models to allow IT administrators to
efficiently and concisely define entitlements controlling the deployment of
software to authorized users or subscribers. For example, within the
enterprise, an IT administrator may implement a policy permitting access to
certain financial databases only to a selected workgroup within an
organization's finance department. In an e-commerce environment,
subscribers would be automatically provided with software and content based
on their entitlement in the customer database, without any additional
activity required by an administrator. Subsequent changes to policies and
entitlements cause software and content to be automatically installed,
changed or de-installed for all affected users, again without any
administrator intervention. This seamless integration between changing
entitlements and automated fulfillment is essential to meeting the
personalized needs of subscribers in large-scale enterprise and e-business
environments.
Scalability, Performance and Mobility. Novadigm's differencing
processes calculate the precise changes needed by each device, assuring a
minimum of network traffic and wait-time for bandwidth-constrained
enterprise networks and remote/mobile and Internet users. Novadigm's
distributed object infrastructure allows components to be "cached" at
multiple locations and automatically provided to a user as needed,
transparently and efficiently, using a combination of network protocols and
offline media simultaneously to further optimize network performance.
Rapid Deployment and Ease of Use. In addition to the shared
architecture of Novadigm's product suite, the flexible nature of its
distributed object technology, and the ease of defining desired state,
Novadigm e-wrap technology includes a variety of capabilities to ensure
rapid deployment of complete software and content management solutions.
Once installed, Novadigm's solutions can be operated by a very small group
of administrators to rapidly deploy large numbers of software and content
applications.
Novadigm believes that its e-wrap technology and products establish a new
standard for software and content management, and provide its customers with the
most effective means for managing the next generation of e-business applications
and digital content, over both enterprise networks and the Internet. Novadigm's
unique technology completely automates the deployment and ongoing change
management requirements of distributed software and content, ensures the
necessary scalability to support the high and growing numbers of computing
devices found in large organizations, and significantly reduces costs by
eliminating manual installation and administration. These advancements result in
faster deployments, lower total cost of ownership ("TCO"), and higher levels of
personalization, reliability, scalability, and auditability -- key competitive
factors for enterprises today and into the future.
THE NOVADIGM STRATEGY
Novadigm's objective is to maintain and expand its position as a leading
provider of automated software and content management solutions for the extended
enterprise. Key components of our strategy include:
Maintaining Technology Leadership. Novadigm believes that its unique
e-wrap technology with "desired-state" management and patented "fractional
differencing" technologies together with its end-to-end integrated product
set and broad platform coverage distinguish its solutions from those of
other vendors. We will continue to develop enhancements to existing
products as well as new products that are
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responsive to the software and content management needs of organizations
extending market reach and business opportunities.
Increasing Market Share. Novadigm's current customer base is comprised
of nearly 300 large enterprise customers across major industries worldwide.
Our strategy is to continue to increase our customer base and market share
in the enterprise, Internet, mobile, and vertical market arenas by
exploiting our competitive technology strengths, expanding our sales and
partnering channels in the large enterprise marketplace, and developing
additional selling channels to reach beyond the large enterprise market to
small and medium enterprises, software publishers and services and content
providers.
Expanding Customer Relationships. Novadigm believes that its value in
meeting the needs of its growing customer base, together with the broad
range of software and content management capabilities in its integrated
product line, positions it to be a provider of strategic enabling solutions
to its customers as they extend their enterprise infrastructures to include
Internet-based applications and services. Novadigm's strategy is to expand
its relationships and licenses with existing customers by providing
"plug-in" solutions which facilitate their rapid deployment of new
e-business infrastructures and applications.
TECHNOLOGY
Novadigm's products -- based on Novadigm's e-wrap technology -- share a
common object-oriented architecture and desired-state automation approach,
implemented within a distributed management "engine" that automatically
determines which software and content components are required for each
individual user at the time of a configuration update. A key capability of
Novadigm's e-wrap technology is that it can be easily extended by Novadigm, its
customers, and partners, without programming, to manage any customer-defined or
industry-standard software component (including C, C++, Visual Basic, Java,
ActiveX, CORBA, Component object model, and JavaScript) or content format (such
as registry directory, Hypertext mark-up language, extensible mark-up language,
multi-media, full motion video and animation). The benefit of this approach is
that it enables Novadigm and its customers and partners to quickly deploy
emerging technologies and manage rapidly proliferating kinds of software and
content across diverse and evolving platforms.
Environment Discovery Process. A facility that dynamically audits
managed computer environments on an on-demand or scheduled basis, creating
inventory summaries of hardware and software content for individual
subscribers, workgroups or departments.
Policy/Entitlement Authentication/Authorization. A facility that
dynamically authenticates a subscriber and determines the subscriber's
entitlement to applications or services by one or more of a wide variety of
characteristics such as user identification, job function, department,
geographic location, hardware configuration, subscription registration or
customer database.
Application Component Configuration. A facility that dynamically
determines the current versions of application software or content
components appropriate for each managed computer environment.
Using its e-wrap technology, Novadigm's products can rapidly and precisely
compute and compare the discovered actual state of each of these three
dimensions with the personalized desired state of the managed computer's
software and content. The resulting differences indicate without manual
intervention what updates or changes are required, allowing components to be
deployed and updated significantly faster, more efficiently, and with higher
levels of reliability, adaptability and scalability than conventional
non-desired-state ESD products. Novadigm's e-wrap technology provides the entire
Novadigm product suite with a shared set of "foundation" components which are
installed in varying combinations in customer and provider networks. These
components consist of:
Management Servers: Server-based components containing a distributed
multi-domain object repository that synchronizes distributed
objects -- application components, computer configurations, policy
relationships -- across the network. This repository is configured with a
variety of automated and graphical tools to include the packages, policies
and configuration requirements necessary to automatically manage the
transfer of objects to and from other Novadigm-managed servers and client
computers.
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Multiple management servers may be deployed in "n-tier" configurations
across enterprise and Internet networks as desired to support large numbers
of users and large volumes of software and content, to optimize limited
network connections, and to allow for distributed administration.
Managed Clients: Lightweight components resident on managed computers
that communicate with Novadigm's management servers to identify, obtain,
install, repair and delete software or content. Operating as an extension
of standard PC or Internet operating environments, the managed client
automatically discovers current managed computer contents and synchronizes
application versions with new or updated configurations residing on the
management server.
Administrators: Components resident on the administrator's desktop
used to manage the object-repository and the engine. The administrator
component contains a variety of graphical tools and utility programs used
by customer administrators and technical staff to publish software and
content components, specify policies and entitlements for users, and
control the overall operation of the management servers and managed client
components.
These foundation components can be distributed across a variety of
computing platforms:
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Management Servers Windows NT, Windows 2000, AIX, HP-UX, MVS, SUN, Novell,
OS/2, Linux
Managed Clients Windows (3.1, 95, 98, NT), Windows 2000, OS/2, AIX, HP-UX,
SUN, Novell, Macintosh, NCR/GIS, Linux
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Communication between components is supported through a variety of
protocols, including TCP/IP, SNA, IPX, and NetBIOS.
We believe that a unique capability of Novadigm's e-wrap technology is that
it allows customers, systems integrators, outsourcers and application vendors to
integrate their own custom development, systems management and desktop
management tools into the Novadigm foundation infrastructure through the use of
"Adapters" without requiring special application programming interfaces ("APIs")
or third party vendor coding. Novadigm currently provides a variety of Adapters
including:
Network/Systems Management Frameworks. Novadigm's software and content
management capabilities are integrated directly with the event, security
and performance management environments of International Business Machines
Corporation ("IBM")/Tivoli Systems Inc.'s ("Tivoli") Tivoli Software
Distribution, Computer Associates International, Inc.'s ("Computer
Associates") Unicenter TNG, and Hewlett-Packard Company's
("Hewlett-Packard") OpenView.
Security and Policy/Entitlement. Novadigm's policy management
environment integrates with lightweight directory access protocol
("LDAP")-based directory servers, such as Microsoft Corporation's
("Microsoft") Active Directory, Novell Inc's ("Novell") NDS and other
vendor LDAP servers, as well as with Microsoft's NT Domain Manager, IBM's
RACF, Computer Associates ACF2 and Top Secret, and Oracle Corporation
("Oracle"), Sybase, Inc. ("Sybase") and Microsoft SQL-based databases, to
enable single source points of control for user authentication, access
policies and subscriber entitlement.
Problem/Help Desk Management. Novadigm's dynamic desktop configuration
management facilities are integrated with problem management environments
such as Remedy Corporation's AR System to integrate problem tracking and
inventory discovery data.
Custom-Built Application Management. Configuration management models
for custom software developed in-house using Rational Software
Corporation's PureAtria's ClearCase and Merant, Inc.'s PVCS are integrated
directly into the distribution process, enabling changes in all phases of
application development to be synchronized with deployment across pilot
groups and throughout the entire enterprise once development is complete.
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PRODUCTS
All Novadigm products are installed within customer environments using the
shared e-wrap technology foundation. This facilitates seamless integration among
individual products, sharing and reuse of software, content and
policy/entitlement definitions among different audiences, and minimized use of
machine, network and staff resources required to manage complex extended
enterprise implementations. Novadigm products built upon its e-wrap foundation
consist of:
ENTERPRISE DESKTOP MANAGER -- An "administrator managed" solution
which enables IT organizations to centrally manage infrastructure,
productivity and application software and content within enterprise WAN and
LAN networks and across dialup/remote connections.
RADIA APPLICATION MANAGER -- A "provider managed" solution enabling
enterprise and Internet application providers to deploy self-managing
software to subscribers (employees, affiliates, partners and customers)
over intranets, extranets and the Internet without subscriber or
administrator involvement. Providers can select, install/deinstall and
update their software and content automatically on a scheduled or
just-in-time basis transparently to subscribers.
RADIA SOFTWARE MANAGER -- A "subscriber managed" solution enabling
self-service software and content management for knowledge workers within
the extended enterprise, as well as to subscribers selecting software and
content from Internet-based providers. Subscribers can select,
install/deinstall and update their own elective software and content
automatically or on-demand without provider involvement.
RADIA E-WRAP FOR ASPS -- A "services provider managed" solution
enabling enterprise IT providers and Internet, management and application
service providers (ISPs, MSPs, ASPs) to deploy self-managing software to
subscribers over intranets, extranets and the Internet without subscriber
or administrator involvement. Novadigm's ASP suite expands the
infrastructure options available to providers from a simple two-tier model
in which software is hosted on the ASP web server and accessed by thin
client browsers, to flexible, multi-tier infrastructures in which
provider-managed components can be hosted anywhere from the ASP site to the
subscriber desktop.
We believe these products provide the extended enterprise with an
integrated solution that covers the full range of software and content
management needs for one or more applications:
- Centrally deploying business applications across enterprise networks and
continuously configure desktop applications and content -- automatically.
- Distributing shrink-wrap software packages over the Web and enabling
self-service web servers for installing, updating and maintaining
versions.
- Embedding just-in-time management into new extranet and commerce-based
services -- allowing them to be configured in real-time to synchronize
components with the latest system updates.
Novadigm has announced its intention to deliver additional Radia products.
We expect to release the Radia products, which are currently in various stages
of customer testing, in the near future.
Novadigm's future success will depend in large part on our ability to
develop and introduce new products that keep pace with technological
developments, achieve market acceptance and respond to customer requirements
that are constantly evolving. Any failure by us to anticipate or respond
adequately to technological developments and customer requirements, or any
significant delays in product development or introduction, could result in a
loss of competitiveness and could materially and adversely affect our operating
results. There can be no assurance that any of the new products we plan to
introduce will in fact be completed, or completed on time, or ultimately brought
to market, or if brought to market, gain market acceptance.
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CUSTOMERS AND APPLICATIONS
Novadigm's principal customers include medium to large enterprises with
widely deployed and heterogeneous networks. As of March 31, 2000, Novadigm's
products had been licensed directly by us or through distributors to 296
customers worldwide.
Novadigm supports the software management requirements of a wide range of
industries, including banking, consumer products and services, financial
services, government, insurance, Internet services, manufacturing, retail,
technology, telecommunications, transportation, and utilities. Customers include
7-Eleven, AT&T Corp., The Boeing Company, British Telecommunications PLC, Cap
Gemini, S.A., Deloitte & Touche, Electronic Data Systems, Limited, FMR Corp.
(Fidelity Investments), The Gap, Inc., the Inland Revenue Service, J. Sainsbury
plc., KeySpan Corporation, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Longs Drug Stores, J.C.
Bradford and Company, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Motorola, Inc., NBA
Properties, Inc. (the National Basketball Association), Nissho Iwai, Northwest
Airlines Corporation, Office Depot, Inc., The Prudential Insurance Company of
America, Safeway, Inc., Sony Corporation, Sybase, Telstra Corporation, Vodafone
AirTouch, Plc and Wells Fargo & Company.
Novadigm's products manage a broad range of software and content for its
customers, including business critical applications such as enterprise resource
planning (ERP) software from SAP AG, Oracle, and PeopleSoft, Inc. and sales
force automation software from companies such as Siebel Systems, Inc.; digital
content found on new e-commerce terminals such as ATMs, Internet kiosks and POS
devices including full motion video and animation; personal productivity tools,
browsers, virus checkers and utilities such as those from Microsoft, Netscape
Communications Corp., Lotus Development Corporation, Network Associates, Inc.
and Symantec Corporation; and just-in-time applications including applets,
supply chain systems, and e-commerce sales interfaces for Web-based consumers.
Our customers also use Novadigm's products to upgrade operating systems and/or
migrate to new operating systems such as Microsoft Windows 2000, as well as to
deploy patches to help ensure existing software is virus inoculated.
During fiscal 2000, we had one customer which accounted for over ten
percent of the total revenues. Amdahl Corporation ("Amdahl"), an original
equipment manufacturer ("OEM") and distributor of our products (See "Part I,
Sales and Marketing"), accounted for approximately 14% of total revenues for
fiscal 2000. We terminated our agreement with Amdahl effective March 31, 2000
(See "Part I, Sales and Marketing" and "Part I, Item 7. Management's Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation").
SALES AND MARKETING
Novadigm markets its software and services through its direct sales force
and indirect channels comprised of OEMs, value added resellers ("VARs"), systems
integrators, outsourcers and distributors, in North America, Europe, the Pacific
Rim, South America, the Middle East and Africa. Novadigm's North American and
international sales activities, other than in Europe, the Middle East and Africa
("EMEA"), are managed from our offices in Mahwah, New Jersey, Emeryville,
California, and Chicago, Illinois; and sales activities for EMEA are managed
from Novadigm's centers located outside of Paris, France, London, England, and
Munich, Germany. For fiscal 2000, revenues from direct and indirect sales
accounted for 71% and 29%, respectively, of total revenues, and revenues from
domestic and international sales accounted for 59% and 41%, respectively, of
total revenues.
Novadigm's direct sales activities have emphasized improvements in
identifying and generating qualified prospective customer leads at the beginning
phase of the sales cycle through concentrating on direct marketing and
teleprospecting activities. The leads generated from the telemarketing process
are given to our sales organization, which is divided into specialized teams of
pre-sales specialists, account managers and post-sales service consultants that
work together to provide an integrated selling approach to the customer. Our
indirect channels are based on business arrangements with OEMs, VARs, systems
integrators, outsourcers and distributors which are selected and trained by us
to provide marketing, sales, post-sale support and services for our products.
These business arrangements are also useful to Novadigm in identifying product
enhancements
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<PAGE> 11
and developments that are responsive to customer and market requirements. We
believe that we have been successful in minimizing marketing conflicts between
its direct and indirect sales channels.
Novadigm participates in the beta programs and partnering programs of the
industry's market leaders, including Microsoft and Compaq Computer Corporation.
Novadigm intends to continue to expand these technology, marketing and selling
relationships.
In June 1995, Novadigm entered into a seven-year, non-exclusive OEM and
distribution agreement with Amdahl. Under the agreement, Amdahl may sublicense
EDM throughout the world as part of its bundled solution and sublicense EDM
stand-alone to a limited worldwide market. Novadigm agreed to provide limited
technical support and training. The agreement required Amdahl to pay Novadigm a
minimum royalty of $8 million in fiscal 1996; and $4 million in each of fiscal
1997 and fiscal 1998. The agreement was amended in March 1997, instead requiring
Amdahl to pay $2 million in minimum royalties in each of fiscal 1997 and fiscal
1998; and minimum royalties of $3 million in each of fiscal 1999 and fiscal
2000. In the event of a change of control of Novadigm, the amended agreement
allows Amdahl the right to terminate the agreement and recover unused guaranteed
sublicense fees at the time of termination to the extent they were also
outstanding on March 31, 1997. Amdahl renewed the agreement for fiscal 2000.
Amdahl failed to meet the minimum royalty commitment for fiscal 2000 and we
terminated the agreement effective March 31, 2000.
Novadigm to date has concentrated on establishing a market for its products
in North America, Europe, Japan, South Africa, South America, Australia, Israel
and Scandinavia. Novadigm's marketing activities are designed to build market
awareness and generate qualified leads and to supply sales channels with
positioning, presentation materials, and product collateral to help generate and
develop qualified customer prospects. Awareness and lead generation activities
include seminars, trade shows, direct mailings, advertising and public relations
activities.
CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SUPPORT
To facilitate implementation and integration of its products, Novadigm
offers a range of support programs and services that complement its software and
content management products.
Novadigm provides all customers with telephone hotline, fax, e-mail and Web
access to its technical support staff, with additional support provided by
Novadigm's OEMs, VARs, systems integrators, outsourcers and distributors.
Novadigm's technical support staff not only provides assistance in diagnosing
problems, but works closely with customers to address systems implementation and
integration issues and assists in increasing the efficiency of their enterprise
systems. Novadigm also maintains a comprehensive solution-based web site of
technical information on EDM and Radia. In addition, through the web site,
Novadigm customers have the ability to download maintenance updates, submit
problem reports and enhancements, and participate in a user discussion forum.
Novadigm offers regional and on-site training programs covering object
technologies and product implementation strategies to its customers, OEMs, VARs,
systems integrators, outsourcers and distributors.
Novadigm's professional services organization and a growing number of
service providers are available to consult with customers on project planning
and systems implementation and integration. Revenues from maintenance and
services accounted for 37% of fiscal 2000 total revenues.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Since its inception, Novadigm has focused on, and made substantial
investments in, product development. In fiscal 2000, Novadigm's total research
and development expenses were approximately $6.1 million. To date, Novadigm has
not capitalized any software development costs.
Novadigm anticipates that it will continue to commit substantial resources
to research and development, believing that its future success depends in large
part on its ability to maintain and enhance the functionality of its current
line of products and to develop and introduce new products that keep pace with
technological developments, achieve market acceptance and respond to an
ever-expanding range of customer requirements.
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<PAGE> 12
Novadigm intends to enhance our existing product offerings and to introduce new
products for the enterprise and Internet software and content management market.
Our new product development effort is focused on products which address the
unique requirements of the extended enterprise. In developing these new products
and product enhancements, we make extensive use of our own development tools and
object-oriented technology. Although we expect to develop certain of our new
products and product enhancements internally, we may acquire technology and/or
products from third parties or consultants when considerations of time or cost
dictate.
If the next release of EDM, or any of the Radia products, or any potential
new products and enhancements do not achieve market acceptance, or if for
technological or other reasons Novadigm is unable to develop, introduce and sell
its products in a timely manner, Novadigm's business, financial condition and
results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.
COMPETITION
Competition in the software and content management market is diverse and
rapidly changing. While a variety of vendors have offered some form of ESD, ISM
or similar solutions with their offerings, the closest competitors of Novadigm
today fall into four categories:
Network/Systems Management Framework Vendors. These competitors
include IBM/Tivoli and Computer Associates, who offer conventional ESD
tools as part of their enterprise frameworks.
LAN/Desktop Management Suite Vendors. These competitors include
vendors such as Microsoft, Intel Corporation and Network Associates, who
offer workgroup-based conventional ESD tools as part of a LAN
administration package.
Internet ESD Vendors. These competitors (also known as ISM providers)
include companies such as Marimba, Inc., and BackWeb Technologies Ltd.,
originally "push" technology companies that have redefined themselves to
take advantage of the Internet services market.
Mobile Management Suite Vendors. These competitors include XcelleNet,
Inc.
Novadigm believes that it competes effectively with all of these vendors in
its target market on the basis of its broader product line for software and
content management, our e-wrap technology, patented fractional differencing,
desired-state innovation, adaptive configuration functionality, higher product
implementation success rates, extensive customer support and broader sales
channels. Novadigm differentiates its products in the market based on results
that have proven its products are capable of distributing and managing software
and content faster, across larger and more diverse environments, with higher
reliability and greater adaptability.
However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to
compete effectively in the software management market or that its profitability
or financial performance will not be adversely affected by increased
competition. Many of Novadigm's competitors have longer operating histories, and
many have significantly greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other
resources, as well as greater name recognition and larger customer installed
bases. Moreover, there can be no assurance that either existing or new
competitors will not develop products that are superior to our products or other
technologies offering significant advantages over our technology, which could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results
of operation.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
In December 1996, Novadigm was issued a patent from the U.S. Patent Office
for key components of its desired-state management process used in Novadigm's
software and content management products. There can be no assurance that we will
develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable, that any issued
patent will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged
by third parties, or that the patents of others will not have an adverse effect
on our ability to do business. Moreover, there can be no assurance that
protective measures taken by Novadigm will prevent misappropriation of its
proprietary
12
<PAGE> 13
technology, and such measures may not preclude competitors from developing
products with features similar to those of Novadigm's products. Furthermore,
effective copyright and trade secret protection may be limited or unavailable
under the laws of certain foreign jurisdictions. We also rely on a combination
of copyright and trademark laws, trade secrets, confidentiality procedures,
contractual provisions and technical measures to protect its proprietary rights
in its products.
Although Novadigm believes that its products and trademarks do not infringe
upon the proprietary rights of third parties, there can be no assurance that
third parties will not assert infringement claims against Novadigm with respect
to current or future products. Any such claims, whether with or without merit,
could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment
delays or require Novadigm to enter into royalty or license agreements, provided
such agreements were available on reasonable terms or at all (See "Part I, Item
3. Legal Proceedings.").
Defense of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any required license could have
a material, adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial
condition. We believe, however, that given the rapid pace of technological
change in the industry, factors such as the technical expertise, knowledge and
innovative skill of our management and technical personnel, our name
recognition, the timeliness and quality of the support services we provide and
our ability to offer frequent product enhancements and to develop, introduce and
market new products are more significant in maintaining our competitive
technology leadership position. (See "Part I, Item 3. Legal Proceedings.").
EMPLOYEES
As of March 31, 2000, Novadigm had a total of 207 full-time employees,
including 25 in customer support and services, 55 in product development, 95 in
sales and marketing, 32 in general and administration. A total of 163 employees
are based in the United States and 44 employees are based in Europe. None of our
employees are represented by a labor union. Novadigm has not experienced work
stoppages and considers its relations with its employees to be good.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Novadigm's executive officers are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION OFFICER SINCE
---- --- -------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Albion J. Fitzgerald................. 52 Chairman of the Board and Chief 1992
Executive Officer
Michael R. Carabetta................. 51 President and Chief Operating 1998
Officer
Robert B. Anderson................... 45 Executive Vice President, Secretary 1992
and Director
Joseph J. Fitzgerald................. 38 Vice President, Development 1992
Wallace D. Ruiz...................... 49 Vice President, Treasurer and Chief 1995
Financial Officer
</TABLE>
Albion J. Fitzgerald co-founded Novadigm in February 1992, serving as
Chairman since that time, and currently as Chief Executive Officer. Mr.
Fitzgerald has previously served as Chief Technology Officer and President. In
May 1990, Mr. Fitzgerald founded Fitzgerald Associates, Novadigm's predecessor,
and served as the chief architect in the development of the desired-state
management and fractional differencing technologies that are the basis of both
EDM and Radia.
Michael R. Carabetta joined Novadigm in February 1998 as President and
Chief Operating Officer. From 1994 until joining Novadigm, Mr. Carabetta was
Vice President and General Manager of the Amdahl Corporation. He was responsible
for Amdahl's Open Enterprise Systems division and later responsible for the A+
software and services business unit.
Robert B. Anderson joined Novadigm in June 1992 as Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer, Secretary and as a director. He currently serves as Executive
Vice President, Secretary and as a director.
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<PAGE> 14
Joseph J. Fitzgerald co-founded Novadigm in February 1992. Since that time
he has served as Director of Development, and as of June 1996, Vice President of
Development. Mr. Fitzgerald is the brother of Albion Fitzgerald.
Wallace D. Ruiz joined Novadigm in May 1995 as Vice President, Treasurer
and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Ruiz is a certified public accountant. Mr. Ruiz
is the brother-in-law of Albion Fitzgerald.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Novadigm's corporate headquarters is located in Mahwah, New Jersey.
Novadigm conducts its operations in North America principally out of leased
facilities in Mahwah, Chicago and Emeryville, California. Novadigm occupies
approximately 30,268 square feet at its Mahwah facilities, principally for
product development, customer training and support, east coast sales and
technical support, and general administration; approximately 5,238 square feet
at its Emeryville, California facilities, principally for marketing and west
coast sales and technical support; and approximately 3,137 square feet at its
Chicago, Illinois facilities principally for Midwest sales and technical
support. Novadigm's European headquarters are located outside of Paris, France.
Novadigm's facilities in France are comprised of approximately 8,729 square feet
and are used principally for training and telephone support of European
customers, sales and technical support of French customers and administrative
support of our European operations. Novadigm also has leased sales and technical
support offices near London, England (approximately 3,200 square feet) and near
Munich, Germany (approximately 2,160 square feet). We believe that our current
facilities are adequate for our needs and will be adequate to meet our needs for
the foreseeable future.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
I. Novadigm, Inc., v. Marimba, Inc., Case No. CV-97-20194-JW-PVT
This case involves Novadigm's United States Patent No. 5,581,764 (the "764
patent"), which relates generally to electronic software distribution. The "764
patent" was issued on December 3, 1996. Novadigm filed its complaint in this
case on March 3, 1997, alleging infringement of the patent by the "Castanet"
electronic software distribution product sold by Marimba, Inc. ("Marimba").
Novadigm presently asserts that Marimba infringes nine claims of the "764
patent" (claims 1, 4, 5, 23, 24, 25, 31, 33, and 34). The case is assigned to
the Honorable James Ware in the San Jose Division of the U.S. District Court.
The case has completed the discovery and summary judgment motion stages,
and was the subject of a first phase bifurcated trial from November 15 - 18,
1999. A brief summary of certain procedural events is as follows. On May 2,
1997, Marimba filed an answer in which it contested the infringement,
enforceability, and validity of the "764 patent." Marimba also sought a
declaratory judgment, in its counter-claim, that the "764 patent" is invalid,
unenforceable, and not infringed by Marimba, and that Novadigm is estopped from
claiming infringement by Marimba. A case management conference was held on July
1, 1997, when the Court set a schedule for discovery and motions.
Early on in the case, Marimba twice sought summary adjudication that claim
1 of the "764 patent" was anticipated by alleged prior art references (that is,
the claim was invalid). In orders dated October 23, 1997 and February 26, 1998,
the Court summarily denied Marimba's motions without prejudice. The parties
conducted fact and expert discovery in the case beginning in late 1997 and
continuing until mid-1999. A claims construction ("Markman") hearing was
conducted in December, 1998, and Judge Ware issued his ruling on claims
construction shortly thereafter.
In the first half of 1999, both sides submitted expert reports, and
conducted depositions of the experts. In March and April, 1999, the parties
filed three additional summary judgment motions each. Marimba filed a third
motion seeking to invalidate the "764 patent" in view of a third prior art
reference. (Marimba did not refile its earlier invalidity motions although the
Court had given Marimba permission to do so.) Marimba also filed two motions
seeking declarations that its products did not infringe the asserted claims of
the patent. Novadigm filed three motions for summary adjudication seeking to
strike certain of Marimba's invalidity defenses. In a series of orders in June
and July, 1999, the Court denied all six motions.
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<PAGE> 15
The Court conducted a preliminary pretrial conference in July, 1999, and
decided to bifurcate the trial. The first phase of the trial, on Marimba's
inequitable conduct defenses, was held before the Court (without a jury) on
November 15 - 18, 1999.
On January 4, 2000, the Court ruled in Novadigm's favor, finding that no
inequitable conduct occurred and dismissing Marimba's inequitable conduct
defense and counterclaim. On January 19, 2000, Marimba filed a motion for leave
to file a motion for reconsideration of the January 4 ruling, and a motion to
certify the ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit for an
immediate appeal. The Court has since denied both motions.
The case is now scheduled to proceed to a jury trial on the remaining
issues (validity and infringement to be decided first, then damages if the jury
decides that Marimba is liable). The Court has set a date for the jury trial
beginning on November 7, 2000. However, before then, Marimba obtained leave from
the Court to file a motion for summary judgment of invalidity of the patent on
the grounds of an alleged best mode violation. Marimba filed the motion on May
1, 2000, and the Court took the matter under submission. The motion was heard on
June 12, 2000. If the Court grants that motion, that would dispose of this case
by declaring invalid the claims of the patent asserted against Marimba; if the
Court denies the motion, the case will proceed to trial.
II. Marimba, Inc. v. Novadigm, Inc., Case No. CV-99-20894-JW
This case involves Marimba's U.S. Patent No. 5,919,247 (the "247 patent").
The "247 patent" issued on July 6, 1999, based upon a filing date of July 24,
1996. Marimba filed its complaint in this case on July 30, 1999, alleging that
Novadigm infringed the "247 patent." The complaint did not specify which claims
of the patent were allegedly infringed, or which Novadigm products allegedly
infringe the patent. Novadigm's answer to the complaint was filed at the end of
September. In Novadigm's answer, Novadigm contested the infringement and
validity of the "247 patent." Novadigm also sought a declaratory judgment, in
its counter-claim, that the "247 patent" is invalid and not infringed by
Novadigm.
Novadigm notes that it has been selling its EDM product long before the
July, 1996 filing of Marimba's patent application. Novadigm had been selling
versions of EDM containing the updating methods which are the subject of
Novadigm's "764 patent" since 1994. Novadigm believes that the updating
technology used in its current products (sold since the "247 patent" issued) is
the same technology as that used in its updating products sold since 1994. Since
those 1994 sales predate the filing of Marimba's patent by two years, they are
prior art to Marimba's patent to the extent that Marimba's patent may have any
relevance to Novadigm's products. Novadigm does not believe there is anything
new in the products it is currently selling which could form a basis for any
infringement charge which was not also present in its pre-existing technology.
Thus, if the "247 patent" does not apply to Novadigm's products, there would be
no infringement. If the patent does apply to Novadigm's technology, then it
would apply equally well to Novadigm's preexisting product and sales, and the
patent would not be valid. In either event, in Novadigm's view there would
appear to be no basis for the filing of Marimba's complaint. To date, Marimba
has refused to identify anything which allegedly is new in Novadigm's current
products which could infringe the patent and which were not in Novadigm's
pre-1996 products.
In any event, the case is at a very early stage. Discovery has just begun.
All of the claim construction procedures, expert witness reports, and motions
are in the future. The Court held a case management conference on December 9,
1999. The Court did not set a deadline for the completion of discovery or a
trial date. The Court did schedule a claims construction hearing on October 2,
2000; the parties will be exchanging claims construction disclosures and
briefing between now and that hearing. It is presently anticipated that this
hearing will be continued to a later date.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITIES HOLDERS
Not applicable.
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<PAGE> 16
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Novadigm's stock has been traded on the Nasdaq National Market since our
initial public offering on July 13, 1995 under the Nasdaq symbol NVDM. The
following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales
prices for Novadigm's common stock as reported by Nasdaq:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1999 HIGH LOW
-------------------------------- ---- ---
<S> <C> <C>
First Quarter.............................................. $ 4 7/16 $ 3 1/8
Second Quarter............................................. $ 4 9/16 $ 3 1/16
Third Quarter.............................................. $10 $ 3 13/16
Fourth Quarter............................................. $11 15/16 $ 6 1/2
FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------
First Quarter.............................................. $10 $ 6 1/2
Second Quarter............................................. $14 3/4 $ 8 1/8
Third Quarter.............................................. $24 1/2 $12 1/2
Fourth Quarter............................................. $26 1/2 $15
</TABLE>
As of June 12, 2000, there were approximately 80 holders of record of
Novadigm's common stock. We believe there are over 4,100 beneficial owners of
our common stock.
Novadigm has never paid cash dividends on its common stock. We currently
intend to retain earnings, if any, for use in our business and we do not
anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition,
Novadigm is prohibited from paying dividends under its revolving line of credit
agreement.
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<PAGE> 17
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations, Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements and other financial information included elsewhere in the
report.
NOVADIGM, INC.
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED MARCH 31,
-------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
------- -------- -------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Revenues
Licenses..................................... $18,775 $ 12,117 $ 15,728 $20,743 $27,978
Maintenance and services..................... 6,241 10,261 7,667 11,319 16,750
------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Total revenues....................... 25,016 22,378 23,395 32,062 44,728
------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Operating Expenses:
Cost of maintenance and services............. 2,630 6,275 6,971 4,352 5,355
Sales and marketing.......................... 10,961 17,123 14,680 16,274 21,912
Research and development..................... 4,426 6,212 6,843 4,936 6,126
General and administrative................... 3,230 4,979 4,964 5,383 6,823
Restructuring charge(1)...................... -- 1,829 -- -- --
------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses............. 21,247 36,418 33,458 30,945 40,216
------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Operating income (loss)........................ 3,769 (14,040) (10,063) 1,117 4,512
Interest income and other, net................. 1,428 1,597 978 665 1,058
------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for
income taxes................................. 5,197 (12,443) (9,085) 1,782 5,570
Provision (benefit) for income taxes........... 160 59 (68) 25 427
------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Net income (loss).............................. $ 5,037 $(12,502) $ (9,017) $ 1,757 $ 5,143
======= ======== ======== ======= =======
Earnings (loss) per share -- basic............. $ 0.30 $ (0.72) $ (0.52) $ 0.10 $ 0.28
======= ======== ======== ======= =======
Weighted average common shares
outstanding -- basic......................... 16,566 17,409 17,392 17,580 18,185
======= ======== ======== ======= =======
Earnings (loss) per share -- diluted........... $ 0.28 $ (0.72) $ (0.52) $ 0.10 $ 0.25
======= ======== ======== ======= =======
Weighted average common and common equivalents
shares outstanding -- diluted................ 17,928 17,409 17,392 18,384 20,558
======= ======== ======== ======= =======
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF MARCH 31,
-----------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents...................... $13,361 $ 7,984 $ 4,431 $ 8,124 $ 3,670
Working capital................................ 29,831 24,983 17,326 20,994 29,041
Total assets................................... 50,132 36,342 28,876 33,376 44,380
Deferred revenue............................... 4,509 946 2,518 3,873 4,712
Stockholders' equity........................... 42,522 29,800 20,044 23,263 31,715
</TABLE>
---------------
(1) During fiscal 1998, the restructuring charge was paid in full.
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<PAGE> 18
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations includes a number of forward-looking statements which
reflect Novadigm's current views with respect to future events and financial
performance. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to the
last sentences of the first paragraph under "Revenue," the last sentences of
"Cost of maintenance and services," "Sales and marketing," "Research and
development" and "General and administrative," the statements under "Year 2000
compliance" and the last paragraph under "Liquidity and capital resources."
These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties,
including those discussed under "Business Risks" below, that could cause actual
results to differ materially from historical or anticipated results.
OVERVIEW
Novadigm designs, markets and supports technology solutions that
efficiently and reliably deliver, update and maintain software and content
across the extended enterprise. Our principal customers include medium to large
organizations with widely deployed and heterogeneous B2E, B2B and B2C networks.
Novadigm was incorporated in February 1992. Through September 1993, Novadigm's
primary efforts were devoted to product development. In October 1993, Version
1.0 of EDM was released for general availability. Since its first release,
Novadigm has continued to develop EDM by adding new features, applications and
platforms. Version 2.0 of EDM was released in February 1994, Version 3.0 in June
1995, and Version 4.0 was released in October 1997. In November 1997, Novadigm
released Radia Software Manager, an Internet-based software and content
management solution and in November 1998, Novadigm announced the general
availability of Radia Version 2.0 as well as the Radia Application Manager. In
October 1999, Novadigm announced Radia e-wrap for application service providers
(ASPs) to address the requirements for providing software to ASPs, independent
software vendors (ISVs) and enterprise information technology (IT) providers as
subscription services.
Novadigm generates license revenues from licensing the rights to use its
software products to end users and sublicense fees from resellers, including
certain guaranteed sublicense fees. We also generate maintenance and service
revenues from providing renewable support and software update rights services
(maintenance) and from consulting and training activities performed for license
customers. As of March 31, 2000, we terminated our OEM and distribution
agreement with Amdahl. Revenue from Amdahl represented 14% of our total revenues
in fiscal 2000. We do not currently believe the termination of the OEM and
distribution agreement with Amdahl will result in a material decline in
revenues. Amdahl customers having licensed Novadigm products are expected to
continue to renew their maintenance agreements.
Revenues from perpetual software license agreements are recognized as
revenue upon shipment of the software if there are no significant post-delivery
obligations, pricing is fixed and determinable, payment is due within one year
and collectibility is probable. If an acceptance period is required, revenues
are recognized upon the earlier of customer acceptance or the expiration of the
acceptance period. We enter into reseller arrangements that typically provide
for sublicense fees payable to Novadigm based on a percent of our list price.
Reseller arrangements may include non-refundable payments in the form of
guaranteed sublicense fees. Guaranteed sublicense fees from resellers are
recognized as revenue upon shipment of the master copy of all software to which
the guaranteed sublicense fees relate if there are no significant post-delivery
obligations, the reseller is creditworthy and if the terms of the agreement are
such that the payment obligation is not subject to price adjustment, is
non-cancelable and non-refundable and due within 90 days. These guaranteed
sublicense fees are applied against sublicense fees reported by the reseller in
relicensing Novadigm's products to end-users. Novadigm recognized approximately
$1.2 million in guaranteed sublicense fees under all such agreements in fiscal
2000, approximately $5.4 million in fiscal 1999, and approximately $0.4 million
in fiscal 1998. At March 31, 2000, approximately 66% of all such guaranteed
sublicense fees had been relicensed by our resellers to end-users.
Revenues for maintenance are recognized ratably over the term of the
support period. If maintenance is included in a license agreement, such services
are unbundled from the license fee at their fair market value based on the value
established by independent sale of such maintenance to customers. Consulting
revenues are
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primarily related to implementation services performed under separate service
arrangements related to the installation of Novadigm's software products. Such
services generally do not include customization or modification of the
underlying software code. If included in a license agreement, such services are
unbundled at their fair market value based on the value established by the
independent sale of such services to customers. Revenues from consulting and
training services are recognized as services are performed.
ALL PERIOD REFERENCES IN THE DISCUSSION BELOW AND IN THE REMAINDER OF ITEM
7 ARE TO FISCAL PERIODS BASED ON OUR FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
For the periods indicated, the following table sets forth the percentage of
total revenues represented by the respective line items in the Company's
statements of operations.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED MARCH 31,
-----------------------
1998 1999 2000
----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUES:
Licenses.......................................... 67.2% 64.7% 62.6%
Maintenance and services.......................... 32.8 35.3 37.4
----- ----- -----
Total revenues............................ 100.0 100.0 100.0
----- ----- -----
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of maintenance and services.................. 29.8 13.6 12.0
Sales and marketing............................... 62.7 50.7 49.0
Research and development.......................... 29.3 15.4 13.7
General and administrative........................ 21.2 16.8 15.2
----- ----- -----
Total operating expenses.................. 143.0 96.5 89.9
----- ----- -----
Operating income (loss)............................. (43.0) 3.5 10.1
----- ----- -----
Interest income and other, net...................... 4.2 2.1 2.4
----- ----- -----
Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income
taxes............................................. (38.8) 5.6 12.5
Provision (benefit) for income taxes................ (0.3) 0.1 1.0
----- ----- -----
Net income (loss)................................... (38.5)% 5.5% 11.5%
===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
REVENUES
We generate revenues principally from licensing the rights to use our
software products to end-users and from sublicense fees reported to us by
resellers, including certain guaranteed sublicense fees. We also generate
maintenance and service revenues from providing renewable support and software
update rights services and from consulting and training activities performed for
license customers. Maintenance and service revenues accounted for 32.8% of total
revenues in 1998, 35.3% in 1999, and 37.4% in 2000, respectively. Though we
expect maintenance and service revenues to increase in terms of absolute dollars
in 2001 as compared to 2000, we expect maintenance and service revenues as a
percentage of total revenues to decline in 2001 as a result of our emphasis on
licensing activities.
Total revenues were $23.4 million, $32.1 million, and $44.7 million in
1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively. Total revenues increased 37.0% in 1999 over
1998 and increased 39.5% in 2000 over 1999.
License revenues were $15.7 million, $20.7 million, and $28.0 million in
1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. License revenues increased 31.9% in 1999 over
1998 and increased 34.9% in 2000 over 1999. The increases in license revenues,
in 1999 as compared to 1998 and in 2000 as compared to 1999, were due primarily
to closing a greater number of contracts, continued increase in the demand for
our products by both new and existing customers, more effective corporate
marketing programs, and the expansion of our sales force in North America and
Europe.
Maintenance and service revenues were $7.7 million, $11.3 million, and
$16.8 million in 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Maintenance and service
revenues increased 47.6% in 1999 compared to 1998 and
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increased 48.0% in 2000 over 1999. The increase in maintenance and service
revenues in 2000 as compared to 1999 was primarily due to the increased demand
for our consulting and training services associated with higher licensing
activity with new customers, the increase in our customer base, the high rate of
renewal of maintenance contracts by customers and due to an increase in our
maintenance prices during 1999.
During 2000, only one customer, Amdahl, accounted for more than ten percent
of our total revenue. During 2000 Amdahl accounted for $6.1 million or
approximately 14% of total revenues. During 1999, two customers, Amdahl and
Esoft, accounted for approximately 17% and 12% of total revenues, respectively.
During 1998, two customers, Amdahl and EDS, accounted for approximately 31% and
10% of total revenues, respectively.
We typically ship our products following a fully executed license
agreement, and acceptance of a purchase order, and, as a result, have little or
no backlog.
OPERATING EXPENSES
Cost of maintenance and services includes the direct costs of customer
support and update rights, and the direct and indirect costs of providing
training, technical support and consulting services to our customers. Cost of
maintenance and services consists primarily of payroll and benefits for field
engineers and support personnel, travel and lodging expenses, third party
consulting fees, and other related overhead. Cost of maintenance and services
was $7.0 million, $4.4 million, and $5.4 million in 1998, 1999 and 2000,
respectively. The cost of maintenance and services declined 37.6% in 1999 over
1998 and increased 23.0% in 2000 as compared to 1999. The decrease in 1999 over
1998 was due to the reorganization of the technical services department in March
1998, which resulted in reductions in personnel and the use of outside
consultants. The reason for the increase in 2000 over 1999 was primarily due to
increasing headcount to meet the growing demand for our services. We expect the
cost of maintenance and services to increase in 2001 in absolute dollar terms.
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, related
benefits, commissions, travel and other costs associated with sales and
marketing efforts. Sales and marketing expenses were $14.7 million, $16.3
million, and $21.9 million in 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Sales and
marketing expenses increased 10.9% in 1999 as compared to 1998 and increased
34.6% in 2000 over 1999. The increase in sales and marketing expenses in 1999
over 1998 was primarily due to the expansion of the European direct sales force
as well as higher commission expense associated with the recording of higher
revenue. The increase in 2000 from 1999 was primarily the result of the
continued expansion of the direct sales force in North America and Europe as
well as increased commission expense associated with higher revenues. We expect
sales and marketing expenses to increase in 2001 compared to 2000 in absolute
dollar terms.
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, related
benefits, consultant fees and other costs associated with research and
development efforts. Research and development expenses were $6.8 million, $4.9
million, and $6.1 million in 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Research and
development expenses decreased 27.9% in 1999 over 1998 and increased 24.1% in
2000 as compared to 1999. The decrease in research and development in 1999 as
compared to 1998 was due primarily to a significant reduction in the use of
outside consultants contracted in 1998 to assist in the development of EDM
version 4.0 and Radia. The increase in research and development in 2000 as
compared to 1999 was primarily due to the ongoing development of new products
which operate on additional platforms and the development of products to address
the requirements of application service providers (ASPs), independent software
vendors (ISVs) and enterprise information technology (IT) providers for
providing software applications to customers as subscription services. We
believe that a significant investment in research and development activities is
essential to provide for our future growth, particularly research and
development relating to our Internet activities. We anticipate that we will
continue to invest resources to further enhance and develop our products, and we
anticipate growth in research and development expense in 2001.
Under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86,
"Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise
Marketed," software development costs are capitalized upon the establishment of
technological feasibility, which we define as establishment of a working model.
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Amounts which could have been capitalized under this statement were immaterial
in all periods presented. Therefore, we have expensed all software development
costs as incurred.
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, related
benefits, travel and fees for professional services such as consulting, legal,
accounting and recruiting fees. General and administrative expenses were $5.0
million, $5.4 million, and $6.8 million in 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively.
General and administrative expenses increased 8.4% in 1999 as compared to 1998
and increased 26.8% in 2000 over 1999. The increase in 1999 over 1998 and in
2000 over 1999, was due primarily to higher compensation costs due to expanding
our management and administrative staff, and to higher legal fees associated
with a patent infringement suit alleged by Novadigm (See "Part I, Item 3. Legal
Proceedings.") We expect general and administrative expenses to increase in
2001.
INTEREST INCOME AND OTHER, NET
Interest income and other, net is comprised primarily of interest income
earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investments partially offset by banking
fees, foreign exchange transaction gains and/or losses and other fees and
expenses. Interest income and other, net was $1.0 million, $0.7 million, and
$1.1 million in 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Interest income and other,
net declined 32.0% in 1999 as compared to 1998 and increased 59.1% in 2000 as
compared to 1999. The decline of interest income and other, net in 1999 as
compared to 1998, is due primarily to lower average balances of cash and
marketable securities as compared to the prior year average balances. The
increase of interest income and other, net in 2000 as compared to 1999, is due
primarily to higher average balances of cash and marketable securities as
compared to the prior year average balances.
INCOME TAXES
We recorded an income tax benefit of $68 thousand in 1998 for state taxes;
a provision for income taxes of approximately $25 thousand in 1999 for federal
and state alternative minimum taxes; and a provision for income taxes of
approximately $427 thousand in 2000 for federal and state alternative minimum
taxes and for foreign taxes. As of March 31, 2000, we had net deferred tax
assets of approximately $6.3 million. We have provided a full valuation
allowance due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of the realization of
the net deferred tax assets. As of March 31, 2000, we had federal net operating
loss carryforwards of approximately $10.3 million, which expire in various
periods through 2013. Our ability to utilize the net operating loss
carryforwards in future years may be limited in some circumstances, including
significant changes in ownership interests, due to certain provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
INFLATION
The effects of inflation on our financial position has not been significant
to date.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of March 31, 2000 we had approximately $25.0 million in cash and
short-term investments. Net cash provided by operating activities in 1999 and
2000 was $1.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively. In both years, the cash
provided by operating activities was primarily the result of net profit and an
increase in deferred revenue, and in the year 2000, also to higher accruals for
payroll and other compensation expenses that were not actually paid until
subsequent periods. The cash provided by operating activities in both years was
partially reduced by an increase in the accounts receivable balance. The
accounts receivable balance, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts
increased $2.2 million to $8.6 million as of March 31, 1999, and increased $7.0
million to $15.5 million as of March 31, 2000. The increase in accounts
receivable in both years was primarily due to the higher revenues. As of March
31, 2000, we did not have any material commitments for capital expenditures.
In December 1994, we entered into an unsecured revolving line of credit
agreement with a bank. The agreement has been renewed annually and at March 31,
2000 the available line of credit was $1.0 million, expiring in September 2000.
Borrowings bear interest at the bank's reference rate (9.0% as of March 31,
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<PAGE> 22
2000). The agreement has a number of financial covenants which we are required
to meet. We had no outstanding borrowings under the agreement as of March 31,
2000.
Although it is difficult for us to predict future liquidity requirements
with certainty, we believe that our existing cash and marketable securities
balances, together with cash from operations and amounts available under our
revolving line of credit, will be adequate to finance our operations for at
least the next twelve months. Although operating activities may provide cash in
certain periods, to the extent we experience growth in the future, we anticipate
that our operating and investing activities may use cash. Consequently, any such
future growth may require us to obtain additional equity or debt financing,
which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or which may be
dilutive.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term
investments, trade accounts and contracts receivable and accounts payable. We
consider investments in highly liquid instruments purchased with a remaining
maturity of 90 days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Our
exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our
short-term investments and short-term obligations. As a result, we do not expect
fluctuations in interest rates to have a material impact on the fair value of
these securities. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our
investment portfolio.
The majority of our operations are based in the U.S. and, accordingly, the
majority of our transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, we do
have foreign-based operations where transactions are denominated in foreign
currencies and are subject to market risk with respect to fluctuations in the
relative value of currencies. These currencies have been relatively stable
against the U.S. dollar for the past several years. Foreign currency
fluctuations have not had a material impact historically on our revenues or
results of operations. Currently, we have operations in the United Kingdom,
France and Germany and conduct transactions in the local currency of each
location. Although we currently derive no material revenues from highly
inflationary economies, we are expanding our presence in international markets
outside Europe, including the Pacific Rim and Latin America, whose currencies
have tended to fluctuate more relative to the U.S. dollar. There can be no
assurance that European currencies will remain stable relative to the U.S.
dollar or that future fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies will not
have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, revenues and
financial condition. To date, the impact of fluctuations in these currencies
resulted in transaction gains (losses) of $17 thousand, ($189) thousand, and
($171) thousand in 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively.
Our interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S.
interest rates, particularly since the majority of our investments are in
short-term instruments. Due to the nature of our short-term investments, we have
concluded that we do not have material market risk exposure. Our investment
policy requires us to invest funds in excess of current operating requirements
in obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, investment grade state
and local government obligations securities of U.S. corporations rated A1 or P1
by Standard & Poors or the Moody's equivalents, and/or money market funds,
deposits or notes issued or guaranteed by U.S. commercial banks meeting certain
credit rating and net worth requirements.
At March 31, 2000, our cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of
demand deposits and money market funds held by large institutions in the U.S.,
and our short-term investments were invested in corporate debt maturing in less
than 90 days.
BUSINESS RISKS
History of Operating Losses. We have reported an operating loss for every
quarter since our incorporation in February 1992 except for the four consecutive
quarters of 1996 and 2000, and the last three-quarters of 1999. There can be no
assurance that we will be able to sustain profitability on a quarterly or annual
basis in the future.
Fluctuations in Quarterly Results; Seasonality. Our quarterly operating
results have fluctuated in the past and are expected to fluctuate significantly
in the future due to a number of factors, including, among
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<PAGE> 23
others, the size and timing of customer orders, the timing and market acceptance
of our new products, the level and pricing of international sales, foreign
currency exchange rates, changes in the level of operating expenses,
technological advances and new product introductions by our competitors and
competitive conditions in the industry. Revenues received from our individual
customers vary significantly based on the size of the product installation.
Customer orders for our products have ranged from $25,000 to over $4 million,
and have averaged from approximately $200,000 to $400,000. As a result, our
quarterly operating results are likely to be significantly affected by the
number and size of customer orders we are able to obtain in any particular
quarter. In addition, the sales cycle for our products is lengthy and
unpredictable, and may range from a few months to over a year, depending upon
the interest of the prospective customer in our products, the size of the order
(which may involve a significant commitment of capital by the customer), the
decision-making and acceptance procedures within the customer's organization,
the complexity of implementation and other factors.
We generally ship orders as received and as a result typically have little
or no backlog. Quarterly revenues and operating results therefore depend upon
the volume and timing of orders received during the quarter, which are difficult
to forecast. Historically, we have recognized the substantial majority of our
quarterly license revenues in the last weeks or week of each quarter. In
addition, because our expenditure levels for product development and other
operating expenses are based in large part on anticipated revenues, a
substantial portion of which are not typically generated until the end of each
quarter, the timing and amount of revenues associated with orders have caused,
and may continue to cause, significant variations in operating results from
quarter to quarter.
Our operating results are also expected to vary significantly due to
seasonal trends. Historically, we have realized a greater percentage of our
annual revenues in the fourth quarter, and a lower percentage in the first and
second quarters. We believe that this seasonality is in part a result of efforts
of our direct sales personnel to meet annual sales quotas, and in part a result
of lower international revenues in the summer months when many businesses in
Europe experience lower sales. In addition, capital budgets of our customers,
which tend to concentrate spending activity at calendar year-end, have had, and
may continue to have, a seasonal influence in our quarterly operating results.
We expect that our operating results will continue to fluctuate in the future as
a result of these and other factors, and that seasonality may increase if our
efforts to expand our international sales are successful (See "Part I, Item 7.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and "Part I, Sales and Marketing").
Rapid Technological Change and Introduction of New Products. The market for
ESD products is characterized by rapid technological advances, changes in
customer requirements and frequent new product introductions and enhancements.
Our future success will depend in large part on our ability to enhance our
current products and to develop and introduce new products that keep pace with
technological developments, achieve market acceptance and respond to customer
requirements that are constantly evolving. Responding to rapid technological
change and the need to develop and introduce new products to meet customers'
expanding needs will require us to make substantial investments in research and
product development. During 2000, among other research and development
expenditures, we allocated research and development funding to the development
of Novadigm's e-wrap technology for ASP's and additional platforms in operating
systems. We intend to continue to allocate funding to these development projects
throughout 2001. If we fail to anticipate or respond adequately to technological
developments and customer requirements, and in particular advances in
client/server enterprise hardware platforms, internet applications and
platforms, operating systems and systems management applications, or any
significant delays in product development or introduction, this could result in
a loss of competitiveness or could materially and adversely affect our operating
results. There can be no assurance that any product enhancements or new products
we develop will gain market acceptance.
The failure to develop on a timely basis new products or product
enhancements could cause customers to delay or refrain from purchasing our
existing products and thereby adversely affect our operating results. If future
releases of new products and enhancements do not achieve market acceptance, the
business, financial condition and results of our operations will be materially
and adversely affected (See "Part I, Products").
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Software products as complex as those offered by Novadigm may contain
undetected errors or failures that, despite our significant testing, are
discovered only after a product has been installed and used by customers.
Although our business has not been materially and adversely affected by any such
errors to date, there can be no assurance that errors will not be found in our
products in the future. Such errors could cause delays in product introductions
and shipments, require design modifications, result in loss of or delay in
market acceptance of our products, or loss of existing customers, any of which
could adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of our
operations.
Competition in the software and content management market is diverse and
rapidly changing. While a variety of vendors have offered some form of ESD, ISM
or similar solutions with their offerings, the current and prospective closest
competitors of Novadigm today fall into four categories:
Network/Systems Management Framework Vendors. These competitors
include IBM/Tivoli and Computer Associates who offer conventional ESD tools
as part of their enterprise frameworks.
LAN/Desktop Management Suite Vendors. These competitors include
vendors such as Microsoft, Intel Corporation and Network Associates, who
offer workgroup-based conventional ESD tools as part of a LAN
administration package.
Internet ESD Vendors. These competitors (also known as ISM providers)
include companies such as Marimba, Inc., and BackWeb Technologies Ltd.,
originally "push" technology companies that have redefined themselves to
take advantage of the Internet services market.
Mobile Management Suite Vendors. These competitors include XcelleNet,
Inc.
Novadigm believes that it competes effectively with all of these vendors in
its target market on the basis of its broader product line for software and
content management, patented fractional differencing technology, desired-state
technological innovation, unique adaptive configuration functionality, higher
product implementation success rates, and extensive customer support. We
differentiate our products in the market based on results that have proven our
products are capable of distributing and managing software and content faster,
across larger and more diverse environments, with higher reliability and greater
adaptability.
Many of our competitors have longer operating histories and many may have
significantly greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other
resources, as well as greater name recognition and larger installed customer
bases. Novadigm's current and future competitors could introduce products with
more features, greater functionality and lower prices than our products. These
competitors could also bundle existing or new products with other, more
established products in order to compete with us. Our focus on software and
content management products may be a disadvantage in competing with vendors that
offer a broader range of products. Moreover, as the software and content
management market develops, a number of companies with significantly greater
resources than those of Novadigm could attempt to increase their presence in
this market by acquiring or forming strategic alliances with competitors or
business partners of ours. There can be no assurance that we will be able to
compete successfully or that competition will not have a material adverse effect
on our business, operating results or financial condition (See "Part I,
Competition").
Volatility. The market for Novadigm's common stock is highly volatile. The
trading price of our stock has been and could in the future be subject to wide
fluctuations in response to quarterly variations in operating and financial
results, announcements of technological innovations or new products by us or our
competitors, changes in prices to Novadigm's or our competitors' products and
services, changes in product mix, change in our revenue and revenue growth rates
for us as a whole or for individual geographic areas, products or product
categories, as well as other events or factors. Statements or changes in
opinions, ratings, or earnings estimates made by brokerage firms or industry
analysts relating to the market in which we do business or relating to us
specifically have resulted, and could in the future result in, an immediate and
adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. In addition, the stock
market has from time to time experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations
which have particularly affected the market price for the securities of many
high technology companies and which often have been unrelated to the operating
performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely
affect the market price of the our common stock. In the past, securities class
action litigation has often been brought against a company following periods of
volatility in the
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market price of its securities. We may in the future be the target of similar
litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert
management's attention and resources, which could have material adverse effect
on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Risks Related to International Revenues. In 1999 and 2000, approximately
47% and 41% of Novadigm's net revenues, respectively, were derived from its
international operations. International revenues are a significant percentage of
our revenues and we plan to continue to develop international sales, primarily
through our European operations. Our operations and financial results could be
significantly affected by factors associated with international operations, such
as changes in foreign currency exchange rates, uncertainties relative to
regional economic circumstances, longer payment cycles, greater difficulty in
accounts receivable collection, changes in regulatory requirements and product
localization requirements, as well as by other factors associated with
international activities. A majority of our international revenues and costs
have been denominated in foreign currencies. We believe that an increasing
portion of our international revenues and costs will be denominated in foreign
currencies in the future. In addition, although we cannot predict the potential
consequences to our business as a result of the adoption of the Euro as a common
currency in Europe, the transition to the Euro presents a number of risks,
including increased competition from European firms as a result of pricing
transparency. To date, we have not engaged in any foreign exchange hedging
transactions and we are therefore subject to foreign currency risk.
Customer Concentration. During 2000, one customer, Amdahl, accounted for
approximately 14% of total revenues. During 1999, two customers, Amdahl and
Esoft, accounted for approximately 17% and 12% of total revenues, respectively.
During 1998, two customers, Amdahl and EDS, accounted for approximately 31% and
10% of total revenues, respectively. In June 1995, Novadigm entered into a
seven-year, non-exclusive OEM and distribution agreement with Amdahl. Under the
agreement, Amdahl may sublicense EDM throughout the world as part of its bundled
solution and sublicense EDM stand-alone to a limited worldwide market. Novadigm
agreed to provide limited technical support and training. The agreement required
Amdahl to pay Novadigm a minimum royalty of $8 million in fiscal 1996; and $4
million in each of fiscal 1997 and fiscal 1998. The agreement was amended in
March 1997, instead requiring Amdahl to pay $2 million in minimum royalties in
each of fiscal 1997 and fiscal 1998; and minimum royalties of $3 million in each
of fiscal 1999 and fiscal 2000. In the event of a change of control of Novadigm,
the amended agreement allows Amdahl the right to terminate the agreement and
recover unused guaranteed sublicense fees at the time of termination to the
extent they were also outstanding on March 31, 1997. Amdahl renewed the
agreement for fiscal 2000. Amdahl failed to meet the minimum royalty commitment
for fiscal 2000 and we terminated the agreement effective March 31, 2000. We do
not currently believe the termination of the OEM and distribution agreement with
Amdahl will result in a material decline in revenues.
Dependence on Proprietary Technology; Risks of Infringement. The success of
Novadigm will be heavily dependent upon proprietary technology. We rely
primarily on a combination of copyright and trademark laws, trade secrets,
confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary
rights. We seek to protect our software, documentation and other written
materials under trade secret and copyright laws, which provide only limited
protection. Despite these precautions taken by us, it may be possible for
unauthorized third parties to copy aspects of our current or future products or
to obtain and use information that either regards as proprietary. In particular,
we may provide our respective licensees with access to our proprietary
information underlying its licensed applications. There can be no assurance that
such means of protecting their proprietary rights will be adequate or that their
competitors will not independently develop similar or superior technology.
Policing unauthorized use of software is difficult and, while we are able to
determine the extent to which piracy of our software products exists, software
piracy can be expected to be a persistent problem. In addition, the laws of some
foreign countries do not protect the proprietary rights of Novadigm to the same
extent as do the laws of the United States. Litigation may be necessary in the
future to enforce their intellectual property rights, to protect trade secrets
or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such
litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and
could have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations, and
financial condition of any or all of Novadigm (See "Part I, Item 3. Legal
Proceedings").
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We are not aware that any of our software product offerings infringes the
proprietary rights of third parties. There can be no assurance, however, that
third parties will not claim infringement with respect to current or future
products of Novadigm. We expect that software product developers will
increasingly be subject to infringement claims as the number of products and
competitors in their industry segment grows and the functionality of products in
different industry segments overlaps. Any such claims, with or without merit,
could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment
delays, or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Such
royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on acceptable
terms or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on the business,
results of operations, and financial condition of Novadigm (See "Part I, Item 3.
Legal Proceedings").
Product Liability. The license agreements, which we enter with our
customers typically, contain provisions designed to limit exposure to potential
product liability claims. It is possible, however, that the limitation of
liability provisions contained in such license agreements may not be effective
under the laws of certain jurisdictions. Although we have not experienced any
product liability claims to date, the sale and support of our products may
entail the risk of such claims, and there can be no assurance that we will not
be subject to such claims in the future. A product liability claim brought
against Novadigm could have a material adverse effect on our respective
businesses, results of operations, and financial condition.
Retention of Executives and Key Employees. Our future success depends upon
the contributions of our executives and key employees. The inability to retain
executives and certain key employees in research and development and sales and
marketing could have a significant adverse affect on our ability to develop new
products and versions of our products and market and sell those products in the
marketplace. The loss of the services of one or more of our executives or key
employees could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. We also
believe our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract
and retain additional highly skilled personnel.
Improving Operational Systems to Grow the Business. We have expanded our
operations rapidly since inception. We intend to continue to expand in the
foreseeable future to pursue existing and potential market opportunities. This
rapid growth places a significant demand on management and operational
resources. In order to manage growth effectively, we must implement and improve
our operational systems, procedures and controls on a timely basis. If we fail
to implement and improve these systems, our business, operating results and
financial condition will be materially adversely affected.
Potential Future Acquisitions. We may acquire other businesses in the
future, which would complicate our management tasks. We may need to integrate
widely dispersed operations that have different and unfamiliar corporate
cultures. These integration efforts may not succeed or may distract management's
attention from existing business operations. Our failure to successfully manage
future acquisitions could adversely affect our business. Existing stockholders
may be diluted if we finance the acquisitions by issuing equity securities.
Year 2000 Issue. The "Year 2000 Issue" refers generally to the problems
that some software may have in determining the correct century for the year. For
example, software with date-sensitive functions that is not Year 2000 compliant
may not be able to distinguish whether "00" means 1900 or 2000, which may result
in failures or the creation of erroneous results.
We are exposed to the risk that the Year 2000 Issue could disrupt our
operations. However, as discussed in prior filings, we undertook certain
planning and implementation efforts. In late 1999, Novadigm completed its
remediation and testing of systems. As a result of those planning an
implementation efforts, we experienced no significant disruptions in mission
critical information technology and non-information technology systems, and we
believe those systems successfully responded to the Year 2000 date changes. The
amounts incurred and expensed for developing and carrying out the plans to
complete the Year 2000 modifications did not have a material effect on our
operations. We are not aware of any material problems resulting from the Year
2000 Issue, either with our products, our internal systems, or the products and
services of third parties. We will continue to monitor our mission critical
computer applications and those of our suppliers and vendors throughout the Year
2000 to ensure that any latent Year 2000 matters that may arise are addressed
promptly.
26
<PAGE> 27
Future Capital Requirements. We expect the cash on hand, cash equivalents
and commercial credit facilities to meet our working capital and capital
expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months. After that time, we may need
to raise additional funds and we cannot be certain that we would be able to
obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all. Further, if we issue
equity securities, stockholders may experience additional dilution or the new
equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of
existing holders of common stock. If we cannot raise funds, if needed, on
acceptable terms, we may not be able to develop or enhance our products, take
advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures or
unanticipated requirements, which could have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results and financial condition.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In March, 1998, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued SOP 98-1, "Accounting
for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use." We
adopted SOP 98-1 effective January 1, 1999. Such adoption did not have a
significant effect on our results of operations.
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement No.
133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." In June
1999, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 137,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" -- Deferral of
the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133, which defers for one year the
effective date of Statement 133. As a result of the deferral provisions of
Statement 137, Statement 133 is now effective for our fiscal year 2001. We have
not determined the impact, if any, that the adoption of Statement 133 will have
on our results of operations or financial position.
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff released
Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition SAB 101," which provides
guidance on the recognition, presentation and disclosure of revenue in financial
statements. We will adopt the provisions of SAB 101 for all transactions during
the year ending March 31, 2001. The application of SAB 101 is not expected to
have a material impact on our results of operations or our financial position.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of Novadigm required by
this item are set forth at the pages indicated at Item 14(a).
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
27
<PAGE> 28
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information required by this item concerning Novadigm's directors is
incorporated by reference from the section captioned "Election of Directors"
contained in Novadigm's Proxy Statement related to the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be held September 15, 2000, to be filed by us with the
Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year
pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K (the "Proxy Statement"). The
information required by this item concerning executive officers is set forth in
Part I, Item 1 of this Report. The information required by this item concerning
compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated by reference
from the section captioned "Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act"
contained in the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the
section captioned "Executive Compensation and Other Matters" contained in the
Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the
section captioned "Beneficial Security Ownership of Management and Certain
Beneficial Owners" contained in the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the
section captioned "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" contained in
the Proxy Statement.
28
<PAGE> 29
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this Form:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
NUMBER
------
<S> <C>
</TABLE>
1. Financial Statements:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Public Accountants.................... F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets --
As of March 31, 2000 and 1999............................. F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations --
For the Years Ended March 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998......... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity --
For the Years Ended March 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998......... F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows --
For the Years Ended March 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998......... F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................. F-7
</TABLE>
2. Financial Statement Schedule:
For the Years Ended March 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
II -- Valuation and Qualifying Accounts..................... S-1
</TABLE>
Additional schedules are not required under the related schedule
instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.
3. Exhibits
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
3.1* Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, as amended.
3.2* Bylaws of Registrant, as amended.
10.1*+ OEM Software Licensing and Distribution Agreement dated June
13, 1995 between the Registrant and Amdahl Corporation.
(originally filed as Exhibit 10.8).
10.2**+ Amendment 1 dated December 20, 1996 to the OEM Software
Licensing and Distribution Agreement dated June 13, 1995
between the Registrant and Amdahl Corporation.
10.3**+ Amendment 2 dated March 31, 1997 to OEM Software Licensing
and Distribution Agreement dated June 13, 1995 between the
Registrant and Amdahl Corporation.
10.4**** 1992 Stock Option Plan, as amended and form of Stock Option
Agreement.
10.5* 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of Subscription
Agreement.
10.6* Employment Agreement dated as of August 10, 1992 by and
between H. Kent Petzold and the Registrant.
10.7* Deferred Compensation Agreement dated as of August 10, 1992,
as amended, by and between H. Kent Petzold and the
Registrant.
10.8* Stock Option Agreement and Notice of Stock Option Grant
dated as of August 10, 1992 by and between H. Kent Petzold
and the Registrant.
10.9* Amendment to Employment Agreement and Stock Option
Agreements dated as of May 18, 1995 by and among H. Kent
Petzold and the Registrant, and Albion J. Fitzgerald,
Shannon Ruiz, Joseph J. Fitzgerald and Brian J. McAlister.
10.10* Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between
Registrant and its officers and directors.
10.11***** Management Retention Agreement dated August 17, 1998 by and
between the registrant and Robert B. Anderson.
</TABLE>
29
<PAGE> 30
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
10.12*** Loan Agreement dated September 1, 1998 between the
Registrant and Coast Commercial Bank.
10.13** Facility lease dated as of March 14, 1997, by and between
Crossroad Developers Associates, LLC and the Registrant
10.14** Employment Agreement effective as of April 1, 1997 by and
between the Registrant and Wallace D. Ruiz.
10.15*** Offer letter dated February 9, 1998 by and between the
registrant and Michael R. Carabetta.
10.16*** Separation Agreement and Mutual Release dated April 1, 1998
by and between the registrant and Stuart Jacobson.
10.17*** Agreement dated February 13, 1998 by and between the
registrant and Stuart Jacobson.
10.18 Security Agreement dated April 27, 2000 between the
Registrant and Albion Fitzgerald.
10.19 Security Agreement dated April 17, 2000 between the
Registrant and Wallace Ruiz.
21.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP
24.1 Power of Attorney (see page 35)
27.1 Financial Data Schedule.
</TABLE>
---------------
* Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 33-92746) as declared
effective by the Commission on July 13, 1995.
** Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997.
*** Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998.
**** Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-8 (file no. 333-67877).
***** Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999.
+ Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to certain portions of
this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K:
None.
(c) Exhibits. See Item 14(a)(3) above.
(d) Financial Statement Schedule. See Item 14(a)(2) above.
30
<PAGE> 31
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act
of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf
by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
NOVADIGM, INC.
(Registrant)
By /s/ WALLACE D. RUIZ
------------------------------------
Wallace D. Ruiz
Vice President, Treasurer and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting
Officer)
Date: June 27, 2000
31
<PAGE> 32
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature
appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Wallace D. Ruiz, as his
attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution, for him in any and all
capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to
file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection
therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, this Report has
been signed below on June 27, 2000 by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
<C> <C> <S>
/s/ ALBION J. FITZGERALD Chairman of the Board and Chief June 27, 2000
-------------------------------------- Executive Officer (Principal Executive
Albion J. Fitzgerald Officer)
/s/ WALLACE D. RUIZ Vice President, Treasurer and Chief June 27, 2000
-------------------------------------- Financial Officer (Principal Financial
Wallace D. Ruiz and Accounting Officer)
/s/ ROBERT B. ANDERSON Executive Vice President, Secretary June 27, 2000
-------------------------------------- and Director
Robert B. Anderson
/s/ DEBORAH DOYLE MCWHINNEY Director June 27, 2000
--------------------------------------
Deborah Doyle McWhinney
/s/ H. KENT PETZOLD Director June 27, 2000
--------------------------------------
H. Kent Petzold
</TABLE>
32
<PAGE> 33
NOVADIGM, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Public Accountants.................... F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets................................. F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive
Income (Loss)............................................. F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity............. F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows....................... F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................. F-7
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE> 34
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
TO NOVADIGM, INC.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Novadigm,
Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries as of March 31, 2000 and 1999,
and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income
(loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended March 31, 2000. These financial statements are the responsibility
of Novadigm's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An
audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Novadigm, Inc. and
subsidiaries as of March 31, 2000 and 1999, and the results of their operations
and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31,
2000 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States.
Our audits were made for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic
financial statements taken as a whole. The accompanying schedule listed in the
index to financial statement schedules is the responsibility of Novadigm's
management and is presented for purposes of complying with the Securities and
Exchange Commission's rules and is not a part of the basic financial statements.
This schedule has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in our
audits of the basic financial statements and, in our opinion, fairly states in
all material respects the financial data required to be set forth therein in
relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
Roseland, New Jersey
April 26, 2000
F-2
<PAGE> 35
NOVADIGM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MARCH 31, MARCH 31,
2000 1999
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 3,670 $ 8,124
Short-term marketable securities.......................... 21,348 13,412
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful
accounts of $1,752 in 2000 and $783 in 1999............ 15,544 8,586
Prepaid expenses and other current assets................. 1,144 985
-------- --------
Total current assets.............................. 41,706 31,107
Property and equipment, net............................... 1,894 1,396
Other assets.............................................. 780 873
-------- --------
$ 44,380 $ 33,376
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable.......................................... $ 3,100 $ 2,770
Accrued liabilities....................................... 1,003 642
Accrued payroll and other compensation.................... 3,850 2,828
Deferred revenue.......................................... 4,712 3,873
-------- --------
Total current liabilities......................... 12,665 10,113
-------- --------
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value
Authorized -- 5,000 shares
Issued -- none......................................... -- --
Common stock, $0.001 par value
Authorized -- 30,000 shares
Issued -- 18,590 shares in 2000 and 17,838 shares in
1999.................................................. 11 11
Additional paid-in capital................................ 68,691 65,476
Accumulated deficit....................................... (36,648) (41,791)
Treasury stock, 0 shares in 2000, 43 shares in 1999....... -- (265)
Accumulated Comprehensive Loss............................ (339) (168)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity........................ 31,715 23,263
-------- --------
$ 44,380 $ 33,376
======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part
of these consolidated balance sheets.
F-3
<PAGE> 36
NOVADIGM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MARCH 31,
------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------- ------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUES:
Licenses.................................................. $27,978 $20,743 $ 15,728
Maintenance and services.................................. 16,750 11,319 7,667
------- ------- --------
Total revenues.................................... 44,728 32,062 23,395
------- ------- --------
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of maintenance and services.......................... 5,355 4,352 6,971
Sales and marketing....................................... 21,912 16,274 14,680
Research and development.................................. 6,126 4,936 6,843
General and administrative................................ 6,823 5,383 4,964
------- ------- --------
Total operating expenses.......................... 40,216 30,945 33,458
------- ------- --------
Operating income (loss)..................................... 4,512 1,117 (10,063)
Interest income and other, net.............................. 1,058 665 978
------- ------- --------
Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes... 5,570 1,782 (9,085)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes........................ 427 25 (68)
------- ------- --------
Net income (loss)........................................... $ 5,143 $ 1,757 $ (9,017)
======= ======= ========
Earnings (loss) per share -- basic.......................... $ 0.28 $ 0.10 $ (0.52)
======= ======= ========
Weighted average common shares outstanding -- basic......... 18,185 17,580 17,392
======= ======= ========
Earnings (loss) per share -- diluted........................ $ 0.25 $ 0.10 $ (0.52)
======= ======= ========
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares
outstanding -- diluted.................................... 20,558 18,384 17,392
======= ======= ========
</TABLE>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MARCH 31,
------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------- ------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income (loss)........................................... $5,143 $1,757 $(9,017)
Cumulative translation adjustment......................... (171) (189) 17
------ ------ -------
Comprehensive income (loss)................................. $4,972 $1,568 $(9,000)
====== ====== =======
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 37
NOVADIGM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL ACCUMULATED TOTAL
--------------- PAID-IN ACCUMULATED TREASURY COMPREHENSIVE STOCKHOLDERS'
SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL DEFICIT STOCK INCOME (LOSS) EQUITY
------ ------ ---------- ----------- -------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at March 31, 1997........... 17,316 $11 $65,859 $(34,531) $(1,543) $ 4 $29,800
Exercise of stock options......... 334 -- 387 -- -- -- 387
Purchases of treasury stock....... (269) -- -- -- (1,535) -- (1,535)
Sales of treasury stock........... 90 -- (159) -- 551 -- 392
Foreign currency translation
adjustment...................... -- -- -- -- -- 17 17
Net loss.......................... -- -- -- (9,017) -- -- (9,017)
------ --- ------- -------- ------- ----- -------
Balance at March 31, 1998........... 17,471 11 66,087 (43,548) (2,527) 21 20,044
Exercise of stock options......... 367 -- (611) -- 2,262 -- 1,651
Foreign currency translation
adjustment...................... -- -- -- -- -- (189) (189)
Net income........................ -- -- -- 1,757 -- -- 1,757
------ --- ------- -------- ------- ----- -------
Balance at March 31, 1999........... 17,838 11 65,476 (41,791) (265) (168) 23,263
Exercise of stock options......... 752 -- 3,215 -- 265 -- 3,480
Foreign currency translation
adjustment...................... -- -- -- -- -- (171) (171)
Net income........................ -- -- -- 5,143 -- -- 5,143
------ --- ------- -------- ------- ----- -------
Balance at March 31, 2000........... 18,590 $11 $68,691 $(36,648) $ -- $(339) $31,715
====== === ======= ======== ======= ===== =======
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 38
NOVADIGM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED
MARCH 31,
--------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)........................................ $ 5,143 $ 1,757 $ (9,017)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash
(used in) provided by operating activities --
Depreciation and amortization......................... 862 887 1,104
Increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful
accounts............................................ 969 13 (532)
Increase in accounts receivable....................... (7,927) (2,247) (1,088)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other current
assets.............................................. (159) (143) (237)
Decrease (increase) in other assets................... 93 82 (253)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued
liabilities......................................... 691 (261) 1,699
Increase in accrued payroll and other compensation.... 1,022 186 413
Decrease in accrued restructuring costs............... -- -- (1,394)
Increase in deferred revenue.......................... 839 1,355 1,572
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating
activities..................................... 1,533 1,629 (7,733)
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property and equipment...................... (1,360) (520) (1,281)
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities................. (49,015) (31,176) (17,752)
Proceeds from redemptions of held-to-maturity
securities............................................ 41,079 32,298 23,952
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by investing
activities..................................... (9,296) 602 4,919
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock and exercise
of warrants and options............................... 3,480 1,651 779
Purchases of treasury stock.............................. -- -- (1,535)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing
activities..................................... 3,480 1,651 (756)
-------- -------- --------
Effect of exchange rate on changes in cash................. (171) (189) 17
-------- -------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents....... (4,454) 3,693 (3,553)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period... 8,124 4,431 7,984
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period......... $ 3,670 $ 8,124 $ 4,431
======== ======== ========
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW ACTIVITY:
Cash paid for interest..................................... $ -- $ -- $ 18
Cash paid for income taxes................................. $ 293 $ -- $ --
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
<PAGE> 39
NOVADIGM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2000
1. THE COMPANY
Novadigm, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated in Delaware in February
1992. The Company designs, markets and supports technology solutions that
efficiently and reliably deliver, update and maintain software and content
across the extended enterprise. The Company's principal customers include medium
to large organizations with widely deployed and heterogeneous
business-to-employee ("B2E"), business-to-business ("B2B") and
business-to-consumer ("B2C") networks.
Prior to 1994, the Company's primary efforts related to completing the
development of its software products, designing and implementing a marketing
program and obtaining financing to support its operations. In September 1992,
the Company completed a public offering of its common stock on the Vancouver
Stock Exchange. During the second quarter of fiscal 1994, the Company commenced
commercial sales of its products. In June 1994, March 1998 and June 1998, the
Company established wholly owned subsidiaries in France, Germany and the United
Kingdom, respectively, to act as sales and service offices to the European
marketplace. In July 1995, the Company completed a public offering of its common
stock on the Nasdaq National Market. The Company is subject to a number of
risks, including a history of operating losses, dependence on key individuals,
potential competition from larger and more established companies, customer
concentration and the ability to penetrate the market with new products.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have
been eliminated.
Translation of Foreign Currencies
The functional currency of the Company's subsidiaries is its local
currency. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities are translated into U.S.
dollars at current exchange rates as of the respective balance sheet date.
Revenue and expense items are translated at the average rates prevailing during
the period.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that effect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current
year presentation.
Revenues
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the provisions of
Statement of Position No. 97-2, "Software Revenue Recognition." The Company
generates license revenues from licensing the rights to use its software
products to end users and sublicense fees from resellers, including certain
guaranteed sublicense fees. The Company also generates maintenance and service
revenues from providing renewable support and software update rights services
(maintenance) and from consulting and training activities performed for license
customers.
F-7
<PAGE> 40
NOVADIGM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
MARCH 31, 2000
Revenues from perpetual software license agreements are recognized upon
shipment of the software if there are no significant post-delivery obligations,
evidence of an arrangement exists, payment is due within one year and
collectibility is probable. If an acceptance period is required, revenues are
recognized upon the earlier of customer acceptance or the expiration of the
acceptance period. The Company enters into reseller arrangements that typically
provide for sublicense fees payable to the Company based on a percentage of our
list price. Reseller arrangements may include an initial non-refundable payment
in the form of guaranteed sublicense fees. Guaranteed sublicense fees from
resellers are recognized as revenue upon shipment of the master copy of all
software to which the guaranteed sublicense fees relate if there are no
significant post-delivery obligations, the reseller is creditworthy and if the
terms of the agreement are such that the payment obligation is not subject to
price adjustment, is non-cancelable and non-refundable and due within 90 days.
These guaranteed sublicense fees are applied against sublicense fees reported by
the reseller in relicensing our products to end-users. The Company recognized
$1.2 million, $5.4 million and $0.4 million in guaranteed sublicense fees under
all such agreements in 2000, 1999 and 1998, respectively. At March 31, 2000,
approximately 66% of all such guaranteed sublicense fees had been relicensed by
Novadigm resellers to end-users.
Revenues for maintenance are recognized ratably over the term of the
support period. If maintenance is included in a license agreement, such amounts
are unbundled from the license fee at their fair market value based on the value
established by independent sales of such maintenance to customers. Service
revenues are primarily related to consulting services performed under separate
service arrangements related to the installation and implementation of our
software products and the training of customer personnel. Such services
generally do not include customization or modification of the underlying
software code. If included in a license agreement, such services are unbundled
at their fair market value based on the value established by the independent
sale of such services to customers. Revenues from consulting and training
services are recognized as services are performed.
Cost of licenses consist of media and tapes on which the product is
delivered. Such costs are not material and are included in research and
development expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Cost of maintenance and services includes the direct and indirect costs of
providing technical support, consulting and training services to our customers.
Cost of maintenance and services consists primarily of payroll and benefits for
field engineers and support personnel, other related overhead and third party
consulting fees.
Deferred revenue primarily relates to maintenance, consulting, and training
services which have been paid by the customers prior to the performance of those
services.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an
original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a
concentration of credit risk consist principally of temporary cash investments,
marketable securities and accounts receivable. The Company has investment
policies that restrict placement of these investments to financial institutions
evaluated as highly creditworthy. The Company generally does not require
collateral on trade accounts receivable as its customer base consists of large,
well-established companies and governmental entities. As of March 31, 2000 no
single customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable. As of March
31, 1999 approximately 23% of
F-8
<PAGE> 41
NOVADIGM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
MARCH 31, 2000
accounts receivable were concentrated with 2 customers who are large,
well-established companies that we have determined are creditworthy.
Marketable Securities
Marketable securities, which are composed of commercial paper, government
and government-backed notes and corporate notes, are classified as
held-to-maturity. Held-to-maturity securities represent those securities that we
have both a positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are carried at
amortized cost.
Held-to-maturity securities at March 31, 2000 (in thousands) of $21,348
were invested in commercial paper with a variety of large, well-established and
highly rated companies.
Proceeds from redemption of held-to-maturity securities were approximately
$41.1 million in 2000. At March 31, 2000, approximately $1.2 million of
held-to-maturity securities with original maturities of three months or less
were included in cash and cash equivalents.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, including cash
and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their
fair values.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at historical cost and consists of the
following at March 31, (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
2000 1999
------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
Company cars............................................. $ 355 $ 354
Computer equipment and software.......................... 4,976 3,963
Furniture and fixtures................................... 624 505
Leasehold improvements................................... 608 381
------- -------
6,563 5,203
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization.......... (4,669) (3,807)
------- -------
$ 1,894 $ 1,396
======= =======
</TABLE>
Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method
over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Computer equipment and software...... 3 years
Company cars......................... 4 years
Furniture and fixtures............... 5 years
Leasehold improvements............... 5 years (lesser of lease term or estimated useful life)
</TABLE>
Long-Lived Assets
Novadigm has adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-lived Assets" ("SFAS
121"). SFAS 121 requires, among other things, that an entity review its
long-lived assets and certain related intangibles for impairment whenever
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not
be fully recoverable. Novadigm does not believe that any such events or changes
in circumstances have occurred.
F-9
<PAGE> 42
NOVADIGM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
MARCH 31, 2000
Software Development Costs
Under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86,
"Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise
Marketed," software development costs are capitalized upon the establishment of
technological feasibility, which the Company defines as establishment of a
working model. Capitalized software development costs require a continuing
assessment of their recoverability. This assessment requires considerable
judgment by management with respect to various factors including, but not
limited to, anticipated future gross product revenues, estimated economic lives
and changes in software and hardware technology. Amounts which could have been
capitalized under this statement, after consideration of the above factors, were
immaterial to the Company's results of operations and financial position.
Therefore, the Company has expensed all software development costs and included
those costs in research and development expenses in the accompanying
consolidated statements of operations.
Earnings per Share
In February 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 128, "Earnings Per Share" ("SFAS 128")
which requires the presentation of basic earnings per share ("Basic EPS") and
diluted earnings per share ("Diluted EPS"). Basic EPS is calculated by dividing
income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares
of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is calculated by
dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number
of common shares outstanding for the period adjusted to reflect potentially
dilutive securities.
In accordance with SFAS 128, the following table reconciles income and
share amounts used to calculate basic earnings per share and diluted earnings
per share.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MARCH 31,
-----------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
NUMERATOR:
Net income (loss) -- basic and diluted...... $ 5,143 $ 1,757 $(9,017)
------- ------- -------
DENOMINATOR:
Weighted average number of common shares
outstanding -- basic..................... 18,185 17,580 17,392
Incremental shares from assumed conversion of
options..................................... 2,373 804 --
------- ------- -------
Weighted average common and common
equivalent shares
outstanding -- diluted................... 20,558 18,384 17,392
======= ======= =======
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE -- BASIC............ $ 0.28 $ 0.10 $ (0.52)
======= ======= =======
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE -- DILUTED.......... $ 0.25 $ 0.10 $ (0.52)
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
3. REVOLVING LINE OF CREDIT AGREEMENT
Novadigm entered into a $1.0 million unsecured revolving line of credit
agreement with a bank, which expires in September 2000. Borrowings bear interest
at the bank's reference rate (9.0% as of March 31, 2000). The agreement includes
a provision that prohibits Novadigm from paying dividends and requires us to
meet certain financial covenants. As of March 31, 2000, Novadigm had no
outstanding borrowings under the agreement.
F-10
<PAGE> 43
NOVADIGM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
MARCH 31, 2000
4. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company has various leases for its facilities under non-cancelable
operating lease agreements. Rent expense incurred under these agreements in
fiscal 2000, 1999 and 1998 (in thousands) was approximately $1,106, $1,059 and
$928, respectively.
During 1997, Novadigm entered into an amendment of the lease for its
headquarters. Under the amendment, Novadigm extended the lease term for its
original leased space and entered into a commitment for additional space. Future
minimum commitments under all facility leases are as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDING MARCH 31,
---------------------
<S> <C>
2001........................................ $1,222
2002........................................ 672
2003........................................ 487
2004........................................ 555
2005........................................ 256
------
$3,192
======
</TABLE>
The Company is contingently liable with respect to lawsuits and other
matters which arise in the normal course of business. In addition, the Company
is currently in litigation with regard to certain patent infringement complaints
filed by both the Company and a third party (See "Part I, Item 3, Legal
Proceedings"). Management believes that the outcome of such contingencies will
not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or
results of operations.
5. COMMON STOCK
In July of 1995, Novadigm completed a public offering in the United States
of 2,875,000 shares of common stock (which included 500,000 shares sold by
stockholders) at $15 per share, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of
approximately $32.2 million after offering costs. Novadigm's shares trade on the
Nasdaq National Market.
In May of 1996, the Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to
500,000 shares of Novadigm's common stock. As of March 31, 1998, Novadigm
repurchased 500,000 shares, expending approximately $3.1 million. Approximately
41,000, 369,000 and 90,000 of these shares were resold by Novadigm in fiscal
2000, 1999 and 1998, respectively, for the exercise of stock options under
Novadigm's stock option plan.
6. STOCK OPTIONS AND STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
Under Novadigm's 1992 Stock Option Plan, as amended (the "1992 Plan"), the
Board of Directors may grant incentive and nonqualified stock options to
employees, directors and consultants. Incentive options are granted at no less
than fair market value at the date of grant based upon the price per share of
Novadigm's stock on the Nasdaq National Market. Nonqualified options are granted
at no less than 85% of fair market value at the date of grant. Option terms may
not exceed ten years and vesting is determined by the Board of Directors for
each individual grant (generally four years). During fiscal 1998, the
shareholders approved an amendment to the 1992 Plan increasing the number of
shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 1992 Plan to 5,200,000
shares. The 1992 Plan will continue in effect until June 9, 2002, unless
terminated sooner.
In October 1999, the Board of Directors adopted and approved the 1999
Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan (the "1999 Plan") and reserved for issuance under
the 1999 Plan 500,000 shares of common stock. In February 2000, the Board of
Directors authorized and reserved an additional 250,000 shares for issuance
under
F-11
<PAGE> 44
NOVADIGM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
MARCH 31, 2000
the 1999 Plan. The purposes of the 1999 Plan are to attract and retain the best
available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide
additional incentive to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and
to promote the success of the Company's business. Under the 1999 Plan, officers
and directors are limited to grants at the time of initial service. Option terms
may not exceed ten years from the date of grant and the 1999 Plan will continue
in effect until October 25, 2009 unless terminated sooner.
The following table summarizes the option activity (in thousands, except
per share amounts):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WEIGHTED
OPTIONS AVERAGE
OUTSTANDING GRANT PRICE
----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 1997............................ 3,073 $ 5.23
Granted............................................ 1,325 4.04
Exercised.......................................... (341) 1.76
Canceled........................................... (706) 5.43
----- ------
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 1998............................ 3,351 $ 5.05
Granted............................................ 1,432 4.07
Exercised.......................................... (309) 4.66
Canceled........................................... (789) 5.18
----- ------
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 1999............................ 3,685 $ 4.35
Granted............................................ 1,477 11.41
Exercised.......................................... (738) 4.50
Canceled........................................... (331) 4.73
----- ------
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2000............................ 4,093 $ 6.85
===== ======
</TABLE>
At March 31, 2000, 1,528,059 options are vested and exercisable and
4,210,578 shares of common stock are reserved for future issuance under the
Plan. The weighted average exercise price of exercisable options at March 31,
2000 is $4.49 per share.
On May 17, 1995 the Board of Directors adopted Novadigm's Employee Stock
Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan"), which was approved by the stockholders at
the Company's annual meeting on November 17, 1995. A total of 1,000,000 shares
of Common Stock was reserved for issuance under the Purchase Plan. The Purchase
Plan covers substantially all employees in the United States. The participants'
purchase price is the lower of 85% of the closing price on the first trading day
of the six-month trade period or the last trade day of the period. Approximately
30,000 shares and 58,000 shares were purchased by employees under the Purchase
Plan in fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively. At March 31, 2000, Novadigm has
reserved approximately 775,000 shares for future issuance.
In October 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 ("SFAS 123"), "Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation", which establishes a fair value-based method of
accounting for stock-based compensation plans and requires additional
disclosures for those companies who elect not to adopt the new method of
accounting. Novadigm adopted SFAS 123 in fiscal 1997 and in accordance with the
provisions of SFAS 123, applies APB Opinion 25 and related interpretations in
accounting for its stock option and stock purchase plans. Had compensation cost
for these plans been
F-12
<PAGE> 45
NOVADIGM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
MARCH 31, 2000
determined consistent with SFAS 123, Novadigm's net loss and loss per share
would have resulted in the following pro forma amounts indicated in the table
below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
2000 1999 1998
------ ------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income (loss) (in thousands):
As reported................................. $5,143 $ 1,757 $ (9,017)
Pro forma................................... $3,118 $(1,312) $(14,681)
Net income (loss) per share
As reported -- basic........................ $ 0.28 $ 0.10 $ (0.52)
As reported -- diluted...................... $ 0.25 $ 0.10 $ (0.52)
Pro forma -- basic.......................... $ 0.17 $ (0.07) $ (0.84)
Pro forma -- diluted........................ $ 0.15 $ (0.07) $ (0.84)
</TABLE>
Because the SFAS 123 method of accounting has not been applied to options
granted prior to April 1, 1995, the resulting pro forma compensation cost may
not be representative of that to be expected in future years.
The weighted average fair values of options granted fiscal 2000, 1999 and
1998 were $11.41, $2.81 and $3.04, respectively. The options outstanding at
March 31, 2000, have exercise prices between $2.88 and $24.63, with a weighted
average exercise price of $6.85 and a weighted average remaining contractual
life of 3.0 years.
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using
the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average
assumptions used for grants in fiscal 2000, 1999 and 1998: risk free interest
rates ranged from 6.0% to 6.4%, expected dividend yields of 0%, expected lives
of 5.0 years and expected volatility of 92%, 90% and 94% for 2000, 1999 and
1998, respectively.
7. INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 109 ("SFAS 109") "Accounting for Income Taxes". SFAS
109 provides for an asset and liability approach to accounting for income taxes
under which deferred income taxes are provided based upon enacted tax laws and
rates applicable to the periods in which taxes become payable.
The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes are as follows
(in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED
MARCH 31,
--------------------
2000 1999 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current
US Federal.......................................... $306 $26 $ --
State and local..................................... 24 (1) (68)
---- --- ----
Total Current............................... $330 $25 $(68)
---- --- ----
Deferred
US Federal.......................................... -- -- --
State and local..................................... -- -- --
---- --- ----
Total Deferred.............................. -- -- --
---- --- ----
Foreign............................................... 97 -- --
---- --- ----
Provision (benefit) for income taxes.................. $427 $25 $(68)
==== === ====
</TABLE>
F-13
<PAGE> 46
NOVADIGM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
MARCH 31, 2000
The components of the net deferred tax asset at March 31, 2000 and 1999 are
as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
2000 1999
------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards....................... $ 4,104 $ 6,151
Other operating reserves............................... 730 530
Accrued liabilities and other.......................... 713 519
Tax credit carryforwards............................... 423 432
Depreciation........................................... 302 422
------- -------
Total deferred tax assets...................... 6,272 8,054
Valuation allowance...................................... (6,272) (8,054)
------- -------
Net deferred tax asset................................... $ -- $ --
======= =======
</TABLE>
As of March 31, 2000, Novadigm has net operating loss carryforwards for
federal income tax reporting purposes of approximately $10.3 million. These
carryforwards expire in various periods through 2013. The Company's ability to
utilize the net operating loss carryforwards in future years may be limited in
some circumstances, including significant changes in ownership interests, due to
certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended March 31
differs from the statutory U.S. Federal income tax rate due to the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
2000 1999
----- -----
<S> <C> <C>
Provision (benefit) at US statutory rate.................... 35.0% 35.0%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit.................. (0.2) (0.4)
Change in valuation allowance............................... (29.5) (33.2)
Other....................................................... 2.3 0.0
----- -----
7.6% 1.4%
===== =====
</TABLE>
8. MAJOR CUSTOMERS
During 2000, one customer, Amdahl Corporation, accounted for approximately
14% total revenues. During 1999, two customers, Amdahl Corporation and Esoft,
Ltd., accounted for approximately 17% and 12% of total revenues, respectively.
During 1998, two customers, Amdahl Corporation and Electronic Data Systems
Corporation, accounted for approximately 31% and 10% of total revenues,
respectively.
In June 1995, Novadigm entered into a seven-year, non-exclusive OEM and
distribution agreement with Amdahl. Under the agreement, Amdahl may sublicense
EDM throughout the world as part of its bundled solution and sublicense EDM
stand-alone to a limited worldwide market. Novadigm agreed to provide limited
technical support and training. The agreement required Amdahl to pay Novadigm a
minimum royalty of $8 million in fiscal 1996; and $4 million in each of fiscal
1997 and fiscal 1998. The agreement was amended in March 1997, instead requiring
Amdahl to pay $2 million in minimum royalties in each of fiscal 1997 and fiscal
1998; and minimum royalties of $3 million in each of fiscal 1999 and fiscal
2000. In the event of a change of control of Novadigm, the amended agreement
allows Amdahl the right to terminate the agreement and recover unused guaranteed
sublicense fees at the time of termination to the extent they were also
outstanding on March 31, 1997. Amdahl renewed the agreement for fiscal 2000.
Amdahl failed to meet the minimum royalty commitment for fiscal 2000 and
Novadigm terminated the agreement effective March 31, 2000.
F-14
<PAGE> 47
NOVADIGM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
MARCH 31, 2000
9. INDUSTRY AND GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT INFORMATION
Novadigm has adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, ("SFAS 131"), "Disclosures About
Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," effective for fiscal years
beginning after December 31, 1997. SFAS 131 supersedes Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 14, ("SFAS 14"), "Financial Reporting for Segments of a
Business Enterprise." SFAS 131 changes current practice under SFAS 14 by
establishing new standards to report information about operating segments in
annual and interim financial statements based on the approach that management
utilizes to organize the segments within the Company for management reporting
and decision making.
The Company's software products and related services are developed and
marketed to support heterogeneous client/server and Internet computing
environments for medium and large-scale enterprises. The Company markets its
products and related services to customers in North America, Europe, the Pacific
Rim, the Middle East, Africa and South America. The Company's international
revenue represents products shipped from the United States directly to end-users
outside the United States. The Company does not sell products directly to our
international subsidiaries.
Revenue and total asset information by geographic area as of and for the
year ended:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TOTAL
REVENUE ASSETS
------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
March 31, 2000:
North America and all other............................ $33,285 $35,312
EMEA*.................................................. 11,443 9,068
------- -------
Total.......................................... $44,728 $44,380
======= =======
March 31, 1999:
North America and all other............................ $23,032 $27,125
EMEA*.................................................. 9,030 6,251
------- -------
Total.......................................... $32,062 $33,376
======= =======
March 31, 1998:
North America and all other............................ $22,654 $26,445
EMEA*.................................................. 741 2,431
------- -------
Total.......................................... $23,395 $28,876
======= =======
</TABLE>
------------------------
* denotes Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
F-15
<PAGE> 48
NOVADIGM, INC.
SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BALANCE AT ADDITIONS BALANCE
BEGINNING OF CHARGED TO RECOVERIES AT END
CLASSIFICATION PERIOD OPERATIONS (WRITEOFFS) OF PERIOD
-------------- ------------ ---------- ----------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Year Ended:
March 31, 1998............................... 1,302 553 (1,085) 770
March 31, 1999............................... 770 556 (543) 783
March 31, 2000............................... 783 978 (9) 1,752
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 49
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
------- -----------
<C> <S>
3.1* Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, as amended.
3.2* Bylaws of Registrant, as amended.
10.1*+ OEM Software Licensing and Distribution Agreement dated June
13, 1995 between the Registrant and Amdahl Corporation.
(originally filed as Exhibit 10.8).
10.2**+ Amendment 1 dated December 20, 1996 to the OEM Software
Licensing and Distribution Agreement dated June 13, 1995
between the Registrant and Amdahl Corporation.
10.3**+ Amendment 2 dated March 31, 1997 to OEM Software Licensing
and Distribution Agreement dated June 13, 1995 between the
Registrant and Amdahl Corporation.
10.4**** 1992 Stock Option Plan, as amended and form of Stock Option
Agreement.
10.5* 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of Subscription
Agreement.
10.6* Employment Agreement dated as of August 10, 1992 by and
between H. Kent Petzold and the Registrant.
10.7* Deferred Compensation Agreement dated as of August 10, 1992,
as amended, by and between H. Kent Petzold and the
Registrant.
10.8* Stock Option Agreement and Notice of Stock Option Grant
dated as of August 10, 1992 by and between H. Kent Petzold
and the Registrant.
10.9* Amendment to Employment Agreement and Stock Option
Agreements dated as of May 18, 1995 by and among H. Kent
Petzold and the Registrant, and Albion J. Fitzgerald,
Shannon Ruiz, Joseph J. Fitzgerald and Brian J. McAlister.
10.10* Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between
Registrant and its officers and directors.
10.11***** Management Retention Agreement dated August 17, 1998 by and
between the registrant and Robert B. Anderson.
10.12*** Loan Agreement dated September 1, 1998 between the
Registrant and Coast Commercial Bank.
10.13** Facility lease dated as of March 14, 1997, by and between
Crossroad Developers Associates, LLC and the Registrant
10.14** Employment Agreement effective as of April 1, 1997 by and
between the Registrant and Wallace D. Ruiz.
10.15*** Offer letter dated February 9, 1998 by and between the
registrant and Michael R. Carabetta.
10.16*** Separation Agreement and Mutual Release dated April 1, 1998
by and between the registrant and Stuart Jacobson.
10.17*** Agreement dated February 13, 1998 by and between the
registrant and Stuart Jacobson.
10.18 Security Agreement dated April 27, 2000 between the
Registrant and Albion Fitzgerald.
10.19 Security Agreement dated April 17, 2000 between the
Registrant and Wallace Ruiz.
21.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 50
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
------- -----------
<C> <S>
24.1 Power of Attorney (see page 35)
27.1 Financial Data Schedule.
</TABLE>
---------------
* Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 33-92746) as declared
effective by the Commission on July 13, 1995.
** Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997.
*** Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998.
**** Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-8 (file no. 333-67877).
***** Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999.
+ Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to certain portions of
this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
