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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999
Commission file number 0-27914
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
DELAWARE 34-1697351
(State of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2950 WILDERNESS PLACE, BOULDER, COLORADO 80301
(Address of principal executive offices)
(303) 449-6500
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
SECURITIES REGISTERED UNDER SECTION 12(b) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT:
NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED UNDER SECTION 12(g) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT:
COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $0.01 PER SHARE
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [_]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy of information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [_]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant, as of February 28, 2000, was approximately $322,326,300.
As of February 28, 2000, the registrant had 11,940,230 shares of common stock,
Par value $.01 per share, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
None.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I
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Item 1. Business 3
Item 2. Properties 14
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 14
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 14
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters 15
Item 6. Selected Financial Data 16
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations 17
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 23
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 24
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure 24
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of Registrant 25
Item 11. Executive Compensation 27
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management. Changes in Control 36
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 37
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statements and Reports on Form 8-K 40
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ANGIOZYME(TM) and HERZYME(TM) are trademarks of Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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BUSINESS
An overview of our company
We are developing a new class of drugs based on "ribozymes." Ribozymes are
engineered molecules that have the ability to cleave RNA, including mRNA, and
thereby selectively inhibit protein production. Because many human diseases
result from abnormal protein production or viral replication, ribozymes are
expected to be useful in developing pharmaceutical candidates for a broad range
of human diseases.
We are conducting a Phase I/II (safety and dosage) clinical trial for our
lead product candidate, ANGIOZYME, for the treatment of solid tumor cancers in
collaboration with Chiron. We expect to complete this trial before the end of
2000. Subject to FDA approval, we would expect to initiate a pivotal efficacy
trial in 2001, which is intended to be the basis for a new drug application
(NDA).
We have two other ribozymes in development with collaborators, an anti-HCV
ribozyme and HERZYME. We are collaborating with Eli Lilly for the development
and commercialization of an anti-HCV ribozyme, as a treatment of Hepatitis C, a
viral liver disease. Clinical trials for our anti-HCV ribozyme were initiated in
February 2000. In January 2000, we entered into a joint venture with Elan to
develop HERZYME for the treatment of breast and other cancers. We expect to
identify and begin preclinical testing on an additional product candidate by the
end of 2000 and will continue to develop new ribozyme product candidates in the
future.
We have also used ribozymes for target discovery and validation, the process
by which the life science industry identifies genes that cause or contribute to
human disease. In 1998, we decided to focus on the therapeutic potential of
ribozymes and transferred our target discovery and validation technology to a
newly-formed German company, Atugen, for a significant equity interest in
Atugen. Currently, we own a 48.4% interest in Atugen. Atugen is performing
target discovery and validation for AstraZeneca, Axys, Glaxo Wellcome, Roche
Bioscience and Schering AG. We have retained rights to develop ribozymes or
other oligonucleotides against any targets validated by Atugen on its own or for
its partners.
Genetic function and human disease
The abnormal production of proteins directly causes many human diseases. The
abnormality may be due to a defective gene or to the over- or under-production
of a protein by a "normal" gene. The abnormal production of proteins may have
direct effects on cells within the body or may initiate a series of events
involving other proteins within the body, thereby producing disease. The gene
functions of infectious agents, such as viruses, allow replication and growth
of infectious agents in the human body.
Production of proteins from genes, called "protein expression," generally
involves two steps. First, the information from the DNA sequence of the gene is
"transcribed" to mRNA. The second step involves "translation" of the mRNA and
its information into a protein. The process by which genetic information is
"expressed" in the form of a protein is highly selective; production of a
particular protein generally requires its own specific DNA sequence which leads
to a corresponding specific mRNA sequence. Blocking a gene's function, and
hence the production of its associated proteins, is an increasingly vital tool
in diagnosing and treating human disease.
Our ribozyme technology
Our approach to drug discovery and development begins by either identifying
a gene in humans causing or contributing to disease or identifying an essential
gene in a disease-causing infectious agent. We analyze the nucleotide sequence
of the target gene and create a complementary ribozyme nucleotide sequence.
A ribozyme is a sequence of nucleotides that has binding sequences along with
a catalytic core capable of cleaving a specific RNA molecule, including mRNA.
Ribozymes act as "molecular scissors" by cutting RNA molecules into
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two ineffective strands, thereby preventing protein production. Each ribozyme
destroys only a specifically targeted RNA sequence, thereby minimizing the
risk of unwanted side effects. Since ribozymes can be applied to any RNA in
principle, we have the potential to develop ribozymes as an entirely new class
of therapeutic agents having broad applicability.
In addition, ribozymes can be used to identify gene function and to validate
the disease contributing function of a specific gene. In this way, ribozymes
assist in the identification of new drug candidates. Our ribozyme technology is
an important bridge between the growing knowledge regarding gene function and
its contribution to the treatment or prevention of human diseases.
We initially test the effectiveness of the ribozyme in cell culture or in
animal models. If the ribozyme reduces or stops production of the protein
associated with the disease, or slows the associated growth or spread of the
disease, not only has the disease contributing function of the gene been
validated, but also a drug candidate has been identified.
Once we identify a target gene and related ribozyme, we optimize the
ribozyme's effectiveness by varying the length of the portion of the ribozyme
which binds to the RNA to maximize the ribozyme's selectivity and by modifying
the chemical structure to increase the ribozyme's stability in the human body.
To date, we have achieved a number of significant milestones important to the
development of ribozymes and related technical issues, including the following:
Design. We have developed a proprietary computer program to design ribozymes
against sites in a target RNA sequence. This program allows us to accelerate
the identification of potential ribozyme product candidates and to design
multiple back-up candidates.
Stability. To be useful as a treatment, a ribozyme must remain stable in
human serum and cells long enough to destroy the targeted RNA and ideally long
enough for each ribozyme molecule to destroy several RNA molecules. Unmodified
ribozymes are stable and fully active in human serum for only a few seconds. We
have successfully produced chemically-modified ribozymes that are stable and
fully active in human serum and cells for more than 10 days. We believe this
level of stability will be sufficient for ribozymes to be effective drugs.
Selectivity. Based on third-party studies and our internal work, we believe
that a ribozyme with a binding region of approximately 15 nucleotides is
optimal. A binding region of this length is expected to match, on a statistical
basis, only one specific RNA sequence in the coding region of entire human
genome. Since the ribozyme should interact only with the target RNA, it should
not affect other genes' functions and, therefore, should not have side effects
when used as a drug. The high degree of selectivity of ribozymes has been
demonstrated both by us and by third parties, including our collaborators.
Delivery. Successful development of any drug requires that the drug be
delivered to the desired site in the body. We are exploring a number of
delivery possibilities, including local and systemic delivery of chemically
synthesized ribozymes. For example, we have demonstrated systemic delivery of
chemically synthesized ribozymes without any delivery vehicle using either
intravenous or subcutaneous delivery in several animal models and in humans. We
have also shown that ribozymes can be delivered via a single subcutaneous
injection by patients at home with extended presence of the ribozymes in the
patient's blood. This method provides increased convenience to patients and
facilitates compliance with prescribed protocols.
Safety. We have completed single and multiple dose animal safety studies
with several ribozymes that have confirmed the ribozymes' lack of toxicity. For
example, ANGIOZYME has shown a lack of toxicity in rodents and monkeys. As a
result, the FDA allowed initial human clinical trials to be carried out in
healthy volunteers. A Phase Ia trial in healthy volunteers and a Phase Ib trial
in cancer patients have now been completed and ANGIOZYME has shown an excellent
safety and tolerability profile.
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Effectiveness. We have demonstrated through internal research and in
conjunction with our collaborators that our ribozymes reduce the amount of
target mRNA and the level of corresponding protein produced as well as inhibit
the spread of disease. Studies showing the effectiveness of ribozymes have been
conducted in multiple animal models for cancer in both models of solid tumor
growth and metastasis, and in cell cultures for viral replication.
Manufacturing. To meet our needs for preclinical studies, clinical trials
and the eventual commercialization of ribozymes, we must have the ability to
manufacture a sufficient amount of ribozymes. We and our collaborators have
developed proprietary technology allowing us to synthesize up to 2000
stabilized ribozymes in hundreds of microgram quantities per month. These
quantities are sufficient to permit us to perform direct cell-based screening
of multiple potential target sites in short periods of time. We have also
developed the capability to manufacture kilogram quantities under the FDA's
current good manufacturing practices. In addition, in January 2000 we signed an
agreement with Avecia Limited providing for the transfer of our proprietary
manufacturing processes and intellectual property to enable Avecia to
manufacture ribozyme products for us. We expect to be able to produce those
drugs currently under development in sufficient quantities at commercially
feasible cost, and of the quality required by the FDA, for anticipated clinical
trials for our current product candidates.
The potential advantages of ribozymes in treating a disease
We believe that ribozymes offer the following significant advantages over
traditional approaches to treating diseases:
Broad Applicability. Once a gene has been identified, a ribozyme can be
designed to target and destroy the associated mRNA to inhibit the related gene
function. Therefore, all diseases for which a gene can be identified as a cause
or an essential contributing factor of diseases are potentially treatable with
a ribozyme drug. In addition, identifying the essential genes of viruses and
other infectious agents that cause human disease creates the potential to
develop ribozyme products to inhibit these genes from functioning and,
consequently, prevent the targeted infectious agent from surviving or
reproducing.
High Selectivity. The mechanism by which traditional drugs act on a target
gene or protein often is not well understood. Consequently, the side effects of
such drugs are difficult to predict and characterize. Side effects may be
reduced or avoided by using ribozymes designed to attach to and cut only a
specific targeted mRNA, a significant advantage over traditional drug
therapies. We have observed the selectivity of ribozymes in both animal studies
and human clinical trials. Because of this selectivity, only the function of
the targeted genetic sequence is affected; other molecules and gene functions
are not altered.
Destruction of Target. Instead of temporarily preventing gene function like
traditional drugs, ribozymes destroy the target mRNA and stop the associated
protein production. By contrast, most drugs do not destroy their target. This
inherent feature of ribozymes may offer a significant advantage in the
treatment of diseases caused by infectious agents such as viruses. For example,
cleavage of target viral mRNA by ribozymes will inhibit the virus's ability to
propagate, which may result in significant reduction in viral load in the
patient.
Our business strategy
Our strategy is to use our unique and patented ribozyme technology to
identify and develop a new class of drugs to treat human diseases for which
there are large numbers of patients and insufficient treatments. The primary
elements of our strategy are to:
Develop Ribozyme Drugs by Pursuing Multiple Product Candidates Across a
Number of Diseases. Our strategy is to take advantage of the broad
applicability of ribozymes by expanding the number of diseases upon which we
are focused. Our first three product candidates target large and diverse
markets including solid tumor cancers, metastatic cancers and infectious
diseases. We have research underway on ribozymes which address multiple other
diseases with large and unmet markets. Additionally, we expect that our
relationship with Atugen will prove an important source of new therapeutic
product candidates. Our near-term goal is to augment our existing pipeline by
introducing one new product candidate into preclinical development before the
end of 2000.
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Maximize Value of New Product Candidates through Expanded Internal
Development. We have entered into and intend to continue to collaborate with
major pharmaceutical companies to develop and commercialize many of our leading
product candidates. Prior to entering into future collaboration agreements, we
intend to demonstrate our new product candidate's commercial potential through
preclinical testing or clinical trials. We believe that by extending the period
during which we maintain complete control over new product candidates, we will
be able to negotiate more favorable terms in future collaboration agreements. We
may also pursue commercialization of certain new product candidates
independently.
Focus on Human Therapeutics and License Other Applications of Our
Technology. In 1998, we decided to concentrate our research and development
efforts on the therapeutic potential of ribozymes and transferred our target
discovery and validation technology to Atugen. We expect Atugen to continue to
build the target discovery and validation business by actively pursuing new
collaborations with major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. We will
look for further opportunities to license our technology for certain non-
therapeutic applications, including agricultural applications, to third parties.
Maintain and Expand Our Patent Portfolio and Proprietary Technology. We
currently own, or have exclusive licenses to over 110 issued or allowed patents
worldwide and have more than 100 patent applications pending worldwide. In
1999, we acquired certain ribozyme intellectual property from Innovir
Laboratories, Inc. to further strengthen our intellectual property portfolio.
We dedicate substantial resources to the discovery of new inventions to
maximize the value of our proprietary technology. We aggressively pursue patent
protection to maintain worldwide rights to control the development and sale of
ribozymes.
Our product programs
The development process for our products starts with research and
preclinical development. Research includes identification of a target protein,
synthesis of an appropriate ribozyme to block expression of the target protein,
and testing the activity of the ribozyme in a specific cell population.
Preclinical testing includes pharmacology and toxicology testing in cell
cultures and animal models, product formulation, dosage studies and
manufacturing scale-up for submission of the necessary data to comply with
regulatory requirements of the FDA and similar agencies in other countries
prior to commencement of human trials.
ANGIOZYME
We are developing ANGIOZYME primarily as a treatment for solid tumor and
associated metastasis in cancers such as the lung, breast, prostate, colon and
rectum. These cancers account for over 650,000 new cancer cases and nearly
300,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. In addition, ANGIOZYME
could be used in products for the treatment of other diseases in which
angiogenesis is a contributor such as macular degeneration and diabetic
retinopathy.
For a cancerous tumor to grow, the body must generate new blood vessels in
the tumor to supply the blood necessary for tumor growth, a process known as
angiogenesis. In many cases, the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
molecule and its receptor are essential to angiogenesis. ANGIOZYME was developed
to inhibit the production of the high affinity VEGF receptor, thereby slowing or
stopping angiogenesis and related tumor growth and metastasis. We and
independent third parties have conducted animal studies which have shown
dramatic reduction in tumor growth and metastasis using ribozymes alone and in
conjunction with existing cytotoxic cancer therapies.
In January 1999, we completed a Phase Ia clinical trial in healthy
volunteers. This trial, conducted on 14 healthy volunteers, demonstrated safety
and tolerability and showed no drug related side effects. In 1999, we also
completed a Phase Ib clinical trial to test for safety and tolerability in 16
cancer patients with a broad spectrum of solid tumors and metastasis. No
clinically significant drug related side effects were seen, and the presence of
ANGIOZYME in the blood of patients in excess of amounts needed to show efficacy
in animals was observed up to 24 hours when ANGIOZYME was administered
subcutaneously.
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We initiated a Phase I/II multi-dose clinical trial in cancer patients in
November 1999. This trial is examining the effects of ANGIOZYME when given
daily to cancer patients for 28 continuous days. ANGIOZYME is given via a
subcutaneous injection once a day, at home, by the patients themselves. We
expect to complete the Phase I/II trial by the end of 2000 and evaluate overall
safety, tolerability and other effects and make observations regarding disease
progression. Subject to FDA approval, we would expect to initiate a pivotal
efficacy trial in 2001 which is intended to be the basis for a NDA.
We are developing ANGIOZYME in collaboration with Chiron. While we share all
development costs and profits equally with Chiron, we have the final decision-
making authority on all development decisions and activities and we have
retained the right to manufacture ANGIOZYME. If one party discontinues funding
its share of the costs of clinical development, that party would not share
equally in the profits from product sales but would receive a royalty based on
net sales of that product. However, the non-participating party may regain its
interest in the profits of ANGIOZYME by repaying the other party one-half of
the development costs incurred solely by the other party, plus a predetermined
risk premium, at either the commencement of Phase III testing or the filing of
a New Drug Application or Product License Application.
ANTI-HCV RIBOZYME
Our anti-HCV ribozyme is being developed in collaboration with Eli Lilly to
treat Hepatitis C, a viral disease of the liver. There are over four million
chronically infected persons in the United States and over 170 million
worldwide. Hepatitis C infects approximately 50,000 people and has over 10,000
deaths associated with it each year in the United States. It is the most common
blood borne infection in the United States and has been identified as a "silent
epidemic" and "a daunting challenge to public health" by the United States
Congress.
Current therapies for Hepatitis C are effective in less than 50% of existing
patients and have serious side effects. Our research and preclinical testing
have indicated that the anti-HCV ribozyme selectively cuts Hepatitis C RNA in a
manner that significantly inhibits viral replication in cell culture. It is
also expected to be effective against all known Hepatitis C sub-types, which
now number over 90. Preclinical data or our anti-HCV ribozyme was published in
the February 2000 issue of Hepatology. In February 2000, clinical trials were
initiated for our anti-HCV ribozyme.
In March 1999, we entered into a collaboration with Eli Lilly pursuant to
which they were granted the exclusive worldwide right to develop and
commercialize the anti-HCV ribozyme (previously known as HEPTAZYME(TM)) and any
other ribozyme drug for the treatment of Hepatitis C in return for payment of
all research, development and commercialization costs of the anti-HCV ribozyme.
In addition, we will be entitled to royalties on the sale of the anti-HCV
product. In 1999, Eli Lilly paid us $9.2 million pursuant to this agreement
which included a $7.5 million equity investment and $1.7 million of research
funding. Including development milestones, which we will be entitled to receive
if our product is commercialized in the United States, Europe and Japan, we
could receive additional funding of up to $29 million. This includes
approximately $2.9 million in 2000 for research in addition to a $500,000
milestone payment for having filed the IND.
If Eli Lilly abandons or does not diligently pursue the development of the
anti-HCV ribozyme or another ribozyme drug for the treatment of Hepatitis C,
all rights to the anti-HCV ribozyme and such other ribozymes revert to us,
subject to the right of Eli Lilly to receive royalty payments, if applicable,
on the sale of products developed by us or our third-party collaborators. Eli
Lilly may terminate the collaboration at any time by giving us 90 days' notice.
HERZYME
We are developing HERZYME, a potential product to treat breast and other
cancers. More than 170,000 new breast cancer patients are diagnosed each year in
the United States. Approximately 30% of these patients overexpress the Her-2
gene indicating that regulation of the Her-2 gene could have a beneficial impact
on the disease. HERZYME specifically targets and downregulates Her-2, and is
expected to have a benign side effect profile similar to other ribozymes in
clinical development. Herzyme is currently in preclinical development.
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In January 2000, we completed formation of a joint venture with Elan whereby
we have licensed HERZYME and Elan licensed its MEDIPAD(R) drug delivery
technology to the joint venture, Medizyme Pharmaceuticals. The MEDIPAD(R)
system is a disposable continuous subcutaneous drug delivery system which
allows a patient to administer the drug at home over two to three days with a
single MEDIPAD(R) device, thus avoiding hospitalization, intravenous delivery
and doctor visits. Medizyme paid a license fee of $15.0 million to Elan for the
use of its MEDIPAD(R) drug delivery technology.
We contributed $12.0 million in initial funding to Medizyme in exchange for
80.1% of Medizyme's capital stock. Our capital contribution was funded by our
sale to Elan of 12,015 shares of our Series A preferred stock for
$12.0 million. The Series A preferred stock has a dividend rate of 6.0%. At the
end of the development period, expected to be mid-2002, Elan has the right to
exchange our Series A preferred stock for 30.1% of the capital stock of
Medizyme owned by us or convert it prior to January 2006 into up to
approximately 1.2 million shares of our common stock.
Elan purchased 641,026 shares of our common stock for $5.0 million and
committed to purchase an additional $5.0 million of common stock in May 2001 at
a per share price representing a premium of up to 30% of the price based on the
average closing price for the 45 trading days preceding the purchase, but not
less than such 45 trading day average. In addition, Elan received warrants to
purchase 500,000 shares of our common stock at an average exercise price of
$18.00.
We have estimated that Medizyme will require $15.0 million in funding
through the development period to cover future operating and development costs.
Elan has provided us with a $12.0 million credit facility on a draw-down basis
for us to use, if desired, to fund our portion of Medizyme's operating costs
over a 30 month period. Elan may convert this debt into shares of our Series B
convertible preferred stock. The Series B preferred stock has a dividend rate
of 12.0% and may be converted at any time into our common stock at a 50%
premium to the average price of our common stock for the 60 trading days prior
to the time of the applicable draw down on the credit facility.
Atugen
We have also used ribozymes and other oligonucleotides for target discovery
and validation, the process by which genes that cause or contribute to human
diseases are identified. These technologies use ribozymes and other
oligonucleotides to block the function of genetic sequences. The effect of the
ribozyme or other oligonucleotides in cell cultures or animal models is then
analyzed to determine whether the protein associated with the disease or the
disease itself is reduced or eliminated. Alternatively, a genetic sequence, the
function of which is unknown, can be analyzed using ribozyme or other
oligonucleotide inhibition in a collection of cell culture assays or animal
models that represent a broad range of biological functions.
In 1998, we decided to focus on the therapeutic potential of ribozymes and
transferred our target discovery and validation technologies to Atugen in
exchange for a significant equity interest in Atugen. Financing for Atugen
consisted of a $2.0 million cash contribution by us and a venture capital
investment of $7.0 million. In addition, Atugen received commitments from the
German government for grants and loans for up to $10.0 million.
We will benefit from Atugen's activities in the future in several ways:
. we currently own 48.4% of Atugen's outstanding voting stock;
. we have the right to develop ribozymes against targets validated by
Atugen for its customers;
. we will be paid by Atugen for ribozymes and other material manufactured
by us pursuant to our exclusive manufacturing rights;
. we will be paid by Atugen for a portion of our costs of prosecuting
patents applicable to Atugen's business;
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. we will be paid by Atugen for certain administrative and other services
rendered by us to Atugen; and
. we retain the right to use the target discovery and validation technology
in non-high throughput applications for our own use and in connection
with limited research and development collaborations with third parties.
Atugen's primary goal is to accelerate discovery and validation of human
health therapeutic targets. It will provide a variety of technologies and
services to utilize information emerging from human genome sequencing efforts
to determine which genes are key factors causing human disease. The significant
technology base transferred by us to Atugen combined with the substantial
initial capitalization should allow Atugen to improve the speed and certainty
of identifying and validating new therapeutic targets both for corporate
partners and for internal use. Atugen is performing target discovery and
validation for AstraZeneca, Axys Pharmaceuticals, Glaxo Wellcome, Millennium
Pharmaceuticals, Roche Bioscience and Schering AG.
We have the right to name two designees to Atugen's Board of Directors,
including the Chairman of the Board, as long as we own 30% of Atugen's
outstanding stock. Nonetheless, most corporate actions taken by Atugen require
a 75% vote or consent of the holders of Atugen's outstanding stock. Atugen
currently has approximately 40 employees.
As part of the formation, Atugen received exclusive royalty-free licenses to
our extensive patents and technologies for target discovery and validation. We
received a one-time $2.0 million license payment in 1999 for a portion of the
licensed technology. The initial technology base includes our entire gene
function identification and target validation technologies for both chemically
synthesized and expressed nucleic acids, including target site selection, cell
culture assays, RNA and other assays, optimized delivery vehicles and animal
pharmacology.
Our competition
We are engaged in the rapidly changing business of developing treatments for
human disease through gene modulation. Competition among entities attempting to
develop gene modulation products for disease treatment is intense and is
expected to increase. We face direct competition from other companies engaged
in the research, development and commercialization of ribozyme-based technology
as well as competition from companies attempting other methods of gene
expression control. In addition, we compete with large pharmaceutical companies
and established biotechnology firms, many of whom are developing new products
for the treatment of the same diseases targeted by us. In some cases, those
companies have already commenced clinical trials for their products. Many of
these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in
research and development, manufacturing, preclinical studies and clinical
trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than we do. Our
collaborators and licensees may be conducting research and development programs
using non-ribozyme technologies directed at the same diseases that we are
targeting. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors,
particularly through collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies. In addition, our competitors may complete clinical
trials, obtain required regulatory approvals and commence commercial sales of
their products before us, thus achieving a significant competitive advantage.
Academic institutions, governmental agencies and other public and private
research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and
establish collaborative arrangements for products and clinical development and
marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and
retaining highly qualified scientific and management personnel.
Our patents and proprietary technology
Protecting patents and other proprietary rights is crucial to developing our
business. In addition to patents, we rely upon trade secrets, know-how and
continuing technological innovations in the design, synthesis, and
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purification of ribozymes and in nucleic acid chemistry. We also rely on
licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our competitive position. It is
our policy to file patent applications when appropriate to protect technology,
inventions, and improvements that are considered important in the development of
our business.
At the core of our technology are inventions and patents of the University of
Colorado developed by Dr. Thomas R. Cech and various of his associates. Pursuant
to the University's policies, these inventions and the related patents became
the property of the University. The Cech technology was assigned to the
University's affiliate, University Research Corporation, or URC, which in turn
assigned the rights to license parts of the Cech technology to Competitive
Technologies, Inc. United States Biochemical Corporation, or USB, licensed the
Cech technology pursuant to two sublicenses. We have entered into a license with
URC and sublicenses with USB and Competitive Technologies pursuant to which we
have obtained the exclusive (except for non-commercial academic research)
worldwide right to the Cech technology to, among other things, make, use and
sell ribozymes and ribozyme products covered by the licensed patents. The URC
license and USB sublicense are fully paid. The Competitive Technologies license
provides for the payment of a royalty on sales of ribozyme products covered by
the licensed patents. We may grant sublicenses to the licensed technology
subject to the payment to Competitive Technologies of a share of royalty income
from such sublicenses or a royalty on sales from sublicensed products, methods
or services, depending on the particular licensed patents involved. In addition,
we must pay Competitive Technologies a share of any option fee, license fee,
prepaid royalty or other "front-end" fee other than equity or research and
development funding paid in connection with such sublicense.
In August 1999, we acquired all of the non-external guide sequence ribozyme-
based intellectual property assets of Innovir Laboratories, a subsidiary of
NEXELL Therapeutics, Inc. The acquisition included 28 patents and patent
applications plus two trademarks. The intellectual property included ribozyme
motifs, uses of oligonucleotides for therapeutics, target validation and
diagnostics, chemical modifications of oligonucleotides and oligonucleotide
delivery, detection, manufacturing and purification. We acquired these assets
from Innovir in exchange for our common stock, warrants for our common stock
and a small amount of cash.
As part of our overall intellectual property strategy, we selectively enter
into agreements with academic institutions either to license pre-existing
technology or to support the development of new technologies and gain the
commercial rights to such new technologies.
As a result of these licenses and sublicenses, and our own internal
research, we currently have certain rights to more than 110 issued or allowed
patents, and more than 100 patent applications under consideration worldwide.
This includes exclusive worldwide rights to 89 patents issued in the United
States, 4 patents issued in Europe, 1 patent issued in Japan and 14 patents
issued in Australia. In addition, Notices of Allowance have been received for
at least 9 patents from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Six of
the 89 United States issued patents, 1 European patent and 1 Japanese patent
cover enzymatic RNA and the use of an enzymatic RNA to cleave a single stranded
RNA (collectively the "Cech Patents"). We believe that the Cech Patents grant
us the right to exclude others from practicing ribozyme technology as it is
currently known to us in the United States, Europe and Japan irrespective of
the application, the method of production, the method of purification, or the
ribozyme motif used. Unless extended, the Cech Patents will expire in December
2008 in the United States and December 2007 in Europe and in Japan. The
additional issued patents cover both ribozyme technology (e.g., ribozyme
design, synthesis, chemical modifications, delivery, ribozyme motifs, vector
production, target site selection) as well as application to specific
therapeutic targets. None of our other material patents expire before 2013.
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In addition, we have filed or hold exclusive licenses to more than 100
pending United States and related foreign applications. Our patent portfolio
includes approximately 40 United States applications for various areas of
interest in human therapeutics and diagnostics and agricultural uses. The
portfolio also includes approximately 80 United States applications related to
the chemistry, design, optimization, manufacture and delivery of ribozyme
products. These patents collectively extend our ribozyme patent coverage well
beyond the life of the Cech Patents.
We have filed opposition documents against two patents granted to a
competitor in Europe. In one of the opposition proceedings in Europe, we were
successful in invalidating various claims relating to the hammerhead ribozyme
composition. The European patent office found that the claims of the granted
patent drawn to the so-called Non-GUX (where X is U, A, C or G) ribozymes were
not patentable. We do not believe this European-granted patent covers those
ribozymes that we have in clinical trials. Opposition proceedings against two
of our European and Japanese patents have been initiated by our competitors.
The Japanese Opposition Division has rejected competitor oppositions and has
issued a notification that it will maintain our Japanese patent without change.
The opposition proceedings against our European patent are still ongoing. In
addition, we anticipate interference proceedings against some of our patents
and patent applications in the United States.
Government regulation of our drug development activities
The development, manufacture and potential sale of therapeutics is subject to
extensive regulation by United States and foreign governmental authorities. In
particular, pharmaceutical products undergo rigorous preclinical and clinical
testing and other approval requirements by the FDA in the United States under
the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Public Health Service Act and by
comparable agencies in most foreign countries.
Before testing agents with potential therapeutic value in healthy human test
subjects or patients may begin, stringent government requirements for
preclinical data must be satisfied. The data, obtained from studies in several
animal species, as well as from laboratory studies, are submitted in an IND
application or its equivalent in countries outside the United States where
clinical studies are to be conducted. Preclinical data must provide an adequate
basis for evaluating both the safety and the scientific rationale for the
initiation of clinical trials.
Clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases, although
these phases may overlap. In Phase I, which frequently begins with initial
introduction of the compound into healthy human subjects prior to introduction
into patients, the product is tested for safety, adverse affects, dosage,
tolerance, absorption, metabolism, excretion and clinical pharmacology. Phase
II typically involves studies in a small sample of the intended patient
population to assess the efficacy of the compound for a specific indication to
determine dose tolerance and the optimal dose range as well as to gather
additional information relating to safety and potential adverse effects. Phase
III trials are undertaken to further evaluate clinical safety and efficacy in
an expanded patient population at geographically dispersed study sites to
determine the overall risk-benefit ratio of the compound and to provide an
adequate basis for product labeling. Each trial is conducted in accordance with
certain standards under protocols that detail the objectives of the study, the
parameters to be used to monitor safety and the efficacy criteria to be
evaluated. Each protocol must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND.
Data from preclinical and clinical trials are submitted to the FDA as an NDA
for marketing approval and to other health authorities as a marketing
authorization application. The process of completing clinical trials for a new
drug is likely to take a number of years and requires the expenditure of
substantial resources. Preparing an NDA or marketing authorization application
involves considerable data collection, verification, analysis and expense.
There can be no assurance that FDA or any other health authority approval will
be granted on a timely basis, if at all. The approval process is affected by a
number of factors, primarily the risks and benefits demonstrated in clinical
trials as well as the severity of the disease and the availability of
alternative treatments. The FDA or other health authorities may deny an NDA or
marketing authorization application if the authority's regulatory criteria are
not satisfied or may require additional testing or information.
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Even after initial FDA or other health authority approval has been obtained,
further studies, including Phase IV post-marketing studies, may be required to
provide additional data on safety and will be required to gain approval for the
use of a product as a treatment for clinical indications other than those for
which the product was initially tested. Also, the FDA or other regulatory
authorities may require post-marketing reporting to monitor the side effects of
the drug. Results of post-marketing programs may limit or expand the further
marketing of the products. Further, if there are any modifications to the drug,
including changes in indication, manufacturing process or labeling or a change
in manufacturing facility, an application seeking approval of such changes will
be required to be submitted to the FDA or other regulatory authority.
Whether or not FDA approval has been obtained, approval of a product by
regulatory authorities in foreign countries must be obtained prior to
commencing commercial sales of the product in such countries. The requirements
governing the conduct of clinical trials and product approvals vary widely from
country to country, and the time required for approval may be longer or shorter
than that required for FDA approval. Although there are some procedures for
unified filings for certain European countries, in general, each country at
this time has its own procedures and requirements. Further, the FDA regulates
the export of products produced in the United States and may prohibit the
export of such products even if they are approved for sale in other countries.
We are also subject to regulation under the Occupational Safety and Health
Act, the Environmental Protection Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the
Resources Conservation and Recovery Act and other present and potential future
federal, state and local regulations.
Completing the multitude of steps necessary before marketing can begin
requires the expenditure of considerable resources and a lengthy period of
time. Delay or failure in obtaining the required approvals, clearances or
permits by us, our corporate partners or our licensees would have a material
adverse affect on our ability to generate sales or royalty revenue. The impact
of new or changed laws or regulations cannot be predicted with any accuracy.
Our manufacturing and marketing strategies
To support our preclinical and clinical trial manufacturing requirements, we
constructed manufacturing facilities that we believe comply with applicable
regulatory requirements. We have also established operational quality assurance
and quality control procedures. We believe that our existing facilities and
those available from contract manufacturers will be satisfactory for production
of ribozymes needed through clinical trials for our products currently in
development.
We do not currently have the internal facilities or means to manufacture,
market, distribute or sell on a commercial scale any of products we may
develop. We have expanded our quality control and quality assurance program
internally, including adopting a set of standard operating procedures designed
to assure that any products manufactured by or for us are made in accordance
with cGMP and other applicable domestic and foreign regulations. In addition,
we signed an agreement with Avecia in January 2000 providing for the transfer
of our proprietary manufacturing processes and intellectual property to enable
Avecia to manufacture ribozyme products. Pursuant to this agreement, we must
purchase minimum quantities of ribozymes over the next three years.
We expect to market and sell most products developed, at least initially,
directly and through co-promotion or other licensing arrangements with third
parties, including our collaborators. In some markets, we may enter into
distribution or partnership agreements with pharmaceutical or biotechnology
companies that have large, established sales organizations.
Our employees
As of December 31, 1999, we had 84 full-time employees, including a
technical scientific staff of 61. Our future performance depends significantly
on the continued service of our key personnel. None of our employees are
covered by collective bargaining arrangements. We believe our employee
relations are good.
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Our Scientific Advisory Board
We are assisted in our research and development activities by our
Scientific Advisory Board composed of leading scientists who meet with us
several times each year to review our research and development activities, and
to discuss technological advances and our business. Our current Scientific
Advisory Board members are:
Gerald Joyce, M.D., Ph.D. Professor, Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps
Research Institute
Edward Mocarski, Ph.D. Professor and Chairman, Departments of Microbiology &
Immunology, Stanford University
Bruce Sullenger, Ph.D. Vice Chairman, Department of Surgery,
Duke University Medical Center
Olke C. Uhlenbeck, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Colorado
Each member has entered into an exclusive consulting agreement with
Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals in the field of ribozymes and signed confidentiality
and non-disclosure agreements.
We also have collaborative relationships with several board members that
further advance our product development.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We lease approximately 30,000 square feet of laboratory, manufacturing and
office space at 2950 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado, under an operating
lease that lasts through June 2007. We intend to lease approximately 2,000
square feet of additional contiguous office space during 2000. With this
addition, our facility will be sufficient to meet our needs at least through
2001.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We, along with our chief executive officer, are defendants in
several related lawsuits which purport to be class actions on behalf of
purchasers of common stock of the Company on November 16 and 17, 1999. The
lawsuits, which are substantially identical, allege the defendants violated
certain federal securities laws based upon an allegedly misleading announcement
made on November 15, 1999. The cases have been consolidated in the United States
District Court, District of Colorado. No discovery has occurred, and only
limited discovery is expected to occur pending ruling on preliminary motions.
Based on current information, we believe the suits to be without merit. We
intend to defend ourselves and our chief executive officer vigorously.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol "RZYM." The last sale price of the common stock as reported on the Nasdaq
National Market on February 28, 2000, was $43.50 per share. At February 28,
2000, there were approximately 157 holders of record of our common stock. The
following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales
prices per share of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market.
High Low
---- ---
Year Ended December 31, 1997
First Quarter................................. $16.50 $9.88
Second Quarter................................ $12.38 $8.63
Third Quarter................................. $12.00 $7.38
Fourth Quarter................................ $11.38 $7.00
Year Ended December 31, 1998
First Quarter................................. $ 9.34 $5.13
Second Quarter................................ $10.50 $4.88
Third Quarter................................. $ 6.25 $2.00
Fourth Quarter................................ $ 7.63 $3.31
Year Ended December 31, 1999
First Quarter ................................ $ 5.75 $4.06
Second Quarter................................ $ 6.88 $3.88
Third Quarter................................. $ 7.00 $4.25
Fourth Quarter................................ $22.00 $4.00
Year Ended December 31, 2000,
First Quarter (through February 28, 2000)..... $66.63 $9.50
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock and do
not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We are also
party to agreements restricting our ability to pay dividends.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data are derived from our audited
financial statements. Our financial statements for 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and
1999 have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors. These
historical results do not necessarily indicate future results. When you read
this data, it is important that you also read our financial statements and
related notes, as well as the section "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
------- --------- --------- --------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues:
Collaborative agreements.......................... $ 1,178 $ 759 $ 1,976 $ 8,963 $ 5,797
Collaborative agreements
related parties................................. -- -- -- -- 1,867
Grant and other income............................ 102 14 7 25 --
-------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total revenues.................................. 1,280 773 1,983 8,988 7,664
Expenses:
Research and development.......................... 12,204 14,189 15,170 16,941 15,395
General and administrative........................ 1,397 1,943 1,886 1,813 2,132
-------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total operating expenses........................ 13,601 16,132 17,056 18,754 17,527
-------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Operating loss....................................... (12,321) (15,359) (15,073) (9,766) (9,863)
Other income (expense):
Interest income................................... 395 936 795 634 614
Interest expense.................................. (554) (845) (844) (704) (552)
Equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliate........ -- -- -- (1,082) (860)
-------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total other income (expense).................... (159) 91 (49) (1,152) (798)
-------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Net loss............................................. $(12,480) $ (15,268) $ (15,122) $ (10,918) $ (10,661)
======== ========= ========= ========= =========
Net loss per share (basic and diluted)............... $ (3.86) $ (2.61) $ (2.04) $ (1.22) $ (1.05)
Shares used in computing net loss per
share (basic and diluted)......................... 3,230 5,845 7,420 8,978 10,158
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents and securities
available-for-sale................................ $ 6,420 $ 17,594 $ 16,102 $ 6,512 $ 14,000
Working capital...................................... 4,648 15,788 13,238 4,467 14,086
Total assets......................................... 14,223 25,292 24,850 19,224 25,092
Capital lease obligations and long-term
debt, current portion............................. 1,898 1,724 2,078 498 200
Capital lease obligations and long-term
debt, net of current portion...................... 3,179 2,430 2,752 4,545 6,811
Accumulated deficit.................................. (32,115) (47,383) (62,505) (73,422) (84,083)
Total stockholders' equity........................... 8,478 20,362 18,870 11,034 14,881
</TABLE>
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the financial
statements of Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and related notes included elsewhere in
this Form 10-K. Our discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon
current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans,
objectives, expectations and intentions. Our actual results and the timing of
certain events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-
looking statements as a result of certain factors.
Overview of our Business
We are developing a new class of drugs based on engineered molecules called
"ribozymes." Ribozymes are a form of ribonucleic acid which have the ability to
cleave RNA, including messenger RNA, and thereby selectively inhibit protein
production. Because many human diseases result from abnormal protein production,
we believe that ribozymes are applicable to a broad range of human diseases. We
are currently in clinical development and preclinical testing for three product
candidates and expect to begin preclinical testing on one additional product
candidate by the end of 2000.
We are conducting a Phase I/II clincal trial for our lead product candidate,
ANGIOZYME, for the treatment of solid tumor cancers in collaboration with Chiron
and expect to complete this trial before the end of 2000. Also, clinical trials
for our anti-HCV ribozyme for the treatment of Hepatitis C have been initiated
with Eli Lilly. We have recently formed a joint venture with Elan to develop
HERZYME, a treatment for breast and other cancers. HERZYME is currently in
preclined trials.
To date, we have committed substantially all our resources to our research
and product development programs. We have not generated any revenues from
product sales, nor do we anticipate generating any revenues in the foreseeable
future. Revenue recorded from our collaborative agreements consists of:
. Up-front revenue. Up-front revenue is fully recognized upon signing an
agreement and is related to the value of the research at that point in
time. Up-front revenue may also include a reimbursement to us of recent
expenses related to product development which we incurred.
. Research revenue. Typically research revenue is based on the fully
burdened cost of a researcher working on a collaboration. Rates are
billed per employee, per year, pro-rated for time worked on a project.
This revenue is typically invoiced on a quarterly basis, either up front
or in arrears. Revenue is recognized ratably over the period, with the
balance reflected as deferred revenue until earned. The revenue is
typically recurring over the term of a collaboration.
. License revenue. License revenue is recognized ratably over the term of
the license. Payments received in advance are recorded as deferred
revenue until earned.
. Milestone revenue. Milestone revenue is recognized in full when the
related milestone performance goal is achieved. Milestone revenue is
typically not consistent or recurring in nature.
Our revenue has consisted primarily of research revenue payments from our
collaborators. All revenues are either deferred as a liability or recognized
upon satisfying revenue criteria. As of December 31, 1999, all revenues that
have been recognized are earned, and no further obligation exists for
recognized revenue. We depend upon funding from external financing and
corporate collaborations for our research and product development programs and
expect to do so for the foreseeable future.
We have not been profitable since inception and have an accumulated deficit
of $84.1 million as of December 31, 1999. Losses have resulted primarily from
our research and development programs. We expect to
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incur additional losses as ANGIOZYME, the anti-HCV ribozyme, HERZYME and other
potential product candidates advance through development and commercialization.
In addition, future milestone payments under some of our collaborations are
contingent upon our meeting particular research or development goals. The
amount and timing of future milestone payments are contingent upon the terms of
each collaboration agreement. Milestone performance criteria are specific to
each agreement and based upon future performance. In some instances, we may
forfeit milestone payments if we fail to accomplish a predetermined goal within
a certain time frame. Therefore, we are subject to significant variation in the
timing and amount of our revenues and results of operations from period to
period.
In 1998, we transferred our target discovery and validation technology to
Atugen in exchange for a substantial equity interest. We will continue our
existing target discovery and validation agreements with our collaborators by
subcontracting to Atugen the services to be performed. We currently own 48.4%
of Atugen and will record our share of future profits. In 1999, we completely
expensed our remaining investment in Atugen.
Our revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars, therefore, we have not been
exposed to foreign currency translation risks and have not engaged in any
hedging instruments.
Results of Operations for Twelve Months Ended December 31, 1999 and 1998
Revenues from collaborative agreements decreased $1.3 million to $7.7 million
for the year ended December 31, 1999 from $9.0 million for the corresponding
period in 1998. The decrease is primarily due to approximately $6.2 million of
revenue recognized from the Chiron collaboration related to the development of
ANGIOZYME in 1998, compared to $4.0 million recognized from the Chiron
collaboration in 1999. Of the $6.2 million recognized from the Chiron
collaboration in 1998, $5.0 million was a nonrecurring up-front payment for
50.0% of past expenses we incurred for the preclinical development of ANGIOZYME.
There are no future obligations between us and Chiron for these recognized
revenues. The nonrefundable payment became due when Chiron agreed to resume our
collaboration in the development of ANGIOZYME. In addition, 1998 revenues
include approximately $2.6 million related to our target discovery and
validation collaborations with Glaxo Wellcome, Parke-Davis, Roche Bioscience and
Schering AG. In 1999, we subcontracted all existing target discovery and
validation work to Atugen and therefore did not record any revenues related to
those agreements. However, in 1999 we recorded $1.9 million in revenues from
Atugen related to a service agreement in which we received payments for:
. management and administrative services we provided;
. oligonucleotides and other chemicals; and
. prosecution of relevant patents.
In addition, in 1999 we recorded approximately $1.7 million in research
revenues related to our collaboration with Eli Lilly for the development of the
anti-HCV ribozyme.
Research and development expenses decreased to $15.4 million in 1999 from
$16.9 million in 1998. Approximately $1.2 million of the decrease was primarily
attributable to the transfer of approximately 15 employees and their related
expenses to Atugen. In addition, we had decreases of approximately $750,000 in
outside services, consultants and professional fees. However, during 1999 we
had an approximately $450,000 increase in personnel expenses. The increase was
primarily due to hiring additional personnel related to the overall scale-up of
research and product development. Research and development expenses consist
primarily of:
. clinical and preclinical supplies and related costs;
. salaries and benefits for scientific, regulatory, quality control and
pilot manufacturing personnel;
. consultants;
. supplies;
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. occupancy costs; and
. depreciation for laboratory equipment and facilities.
We expect future research and development expenses to increase from current
levels as ANGIOZYME, the anti-HCV drug and HERZYME proceed through clinical and
preclinical trials. The effect of increased expenses related to HERZYME will be
absorbed by us indirectly through our equity investment in Medizyme, our
unconsolidated affiliate.
General and administrative expenses increased to $2.1 million in 1999 from
$1.8 million in 1998. The increase was primarily attributable to lower expenses
incurred in 1998 because of $480,000 of reimbursements we received from Atugen
related to the time our management devoted to Atugen operations. In 1999, Atugen
hired most of its own management; our management currently devotes limited time
to Atugen. Increases of approximately $180,000 during 1999 are primarily
attributable to increased staffing and associated expenses necessary to manage
and support our expanding product and business development efforts. We expect
general and administrative expenses to continue to increase as a result of
increasing legal and other professional fees in connection with the overall
scale-up of our operations, our business development, our patent protection
efforts and anticipated legal fees due to current litigation.
Interest income decreased slightly to $614,000 in 1999 from $635,000 in
1998. The decrease is due to lower average balances in our cash, cash
equivalents and securities available-for-sale during 1999 compared to 1998.
Interest income generally fluctuates as a result of cash available for
investment and prevailing interest rates.
Interest expense decreased to $552,000 in 1999 from $704,000 in 1998. The
decrease is due to the repayment of a loan for tenant improvements and
equipment in December 1998.
Equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliate was $860,000 for 1999 compared to
$1.1 million for 1998. This expense is a result of our equity investment in
Atugen.
Results of Operations for Twelve Months Ended December 31, 1998 and 1997
Revenues from collaborative agreements increased from $2.0 million for the
year ended December 31, 1997, to $9.0 million in 1998. The increase was
primarily due to $6.2 million of revenue recognized in 1998 from the Chiron
collaboration related to the development of ANGIOZYME. Of the $6.2 million
recognized from the Chiron collaboration in 1998, $5.0 million was a
nonrecurring payment for 50.0% of past expenses incurred by us for the
preclinical development of ANGIOZYME. In addition, we received approximately
$2.6 million in collaborative revenue in 1998 due to target discovery and
validation agreements with Glaxo Wellcome, Parke-Davis, Roche Bioscience and
Schering AG. Revenues of $2.0 million in 1997 consisted primarily of $1.5
million from Schering AG for our target validation and discovery agreement.
Research and development expenses increased from $15.2 million in 1997 to
$16.9 million in 1998. The increase was a result of the initiation of the
development of ANGIOZYME and increased target discovery and validation
activities.
General and administrative expenses decreased slightly to $1.8 million in
1998 compared to $1.9 million for in 1997. The decrease in 1998 was primarily
due to reimbursements related to the time our management devoted to Atugen
operations.
Interest income was $635,000 in 1998 compared to $795,000 in 1997. Interest
income decreased due to declining cash balances. Interest income generally
fluctuates as a result of cash available for investment and prevailing interest
rates.
Interest expense was $704,000 in 1998 compared to $844,000 in 1997. Interest
expense declined in 1998 due to lower average balances of outstanding debt.
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In 1998, we recorded our share of Atugen's 1998 net loss of $1.1 million as
equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliate. Atugen did not exist prior to 1998,
and therefore there was no recorded loss in the prior year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have financed our operations since inception through sales of equity
securities in public offerings, private placements of preferred and common
stock, funds received under our collaborative agreements and financing under
equipment and tenant improvement loans. From inception through December 31,
1999, we have received approximately:
. $29.0 million in net proceeds from private placements;
. $36.4 million in net proceeds from public offerings;
. $56.4 million from our collaborations; and
. $9.8 million from equipment financing.
We had cash, cash equivalents and securities available-for-sale of $14.0
million at December 31, 1999 compared with $6.5 million at December 31, 1998.
The $7.5 million increase in cash, cash equivalents and securities available-
for-sale is primarily the result of $5.4 million used for operations, net of
revenues of $7.7 million, and $1.8 million used for investments in equipment,
patents and loans to officers, offset by:
. $1.5 million in net borrowings;
. $7.5 million received in the sale of preferred stock to a corporate
collaborator; and
. $5.3 million received, net of expenses, in a public offering of our
common stock.
We invest our cash, cash equivalents and securities available-for-sale in
interest-bearing, investment-grade securities.
Accounts receivable at December 31, 1999 were $2.0 million compared to $3.9
million at December 31, 1998. Accounts receivable at December 31, 1999 included
$485,000 due from Atugen for administrative services and patent expenses,
$525,000 due from Eli Lilly for research support for our anti-HCV ribozyme
program and $1.0 million due from Chiron for reimbursement of ANGIOZYME fourth
quarter expenses. Accounts receivable at December 31, 1998 primarily consisted
of a $2.0 million license fee from Atugen, $730,000 for start-up and operating
expenses due from Atugen and $1.1 million due from Chiron for 1998 fourth
quarter research revenue related to ANGIOZYME clinical development. All
outstanding receivables due from 1998 were received in 1999.
Total additions for property, plant and equipment for the twelve months
ending December 31, 1999 were $1.1 million, most of which were financed through
our existing equipment loan facility with Schering AG. We anticipate future
equipment needs to be financed by the Schering AG loan facility for the next
two years.
As part of our target discovery and validation program, Schering AG made a
$2.5 million equity investment in us in May 1997 in exchange for 212,766 shares
of common stock and made an additional equity investment of $2.5 million for
465,117 shares in April 1998. Separately, Schering AG provided loans of
$2.0 million in each of 1997, 1998 and 1999 and will continue to provide loans
of up to $2.0 million annually through 2001, provided that the collaboration is
continued. If Schering AG does not continue the collaboration, we may need to
seek alternative sources of financing. Amounts not used in any calendar year
may be carried forward to future years. According to the terms of our agreement
with Schering AG, 50.0% of any borrowings on the line of credit must be
collateralized by equipment purchases. The loans, which carry an interest rate
of 8.0% per annum, are immediately convertible into equity at the option of
Schering AG. At December 31, 1999, the outstanding borrowings of $6.8 million
were convertible into approximately 649,000 shares of our common
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stock. Principal and interest payments are deferred until maturity of the loans
which is in April 2004. As a result of the Atugen formation in 1998, we now
subcontract all of our existing target discovery and identification programs to
Atugen; however, as long as our collaboration continues with Schering AG, we
expect to continue to borrow against the loans.
In July 1994, we entered into an agreement with Chiron to collaborate
exclusively on up to five specific targets selected by Chiron. Four targets are
currently subject to the exclusivity provision, including ANGIOZYME. Currently,
ANGIOZYME is being developed in collaboration with Chiron and in accordance with
the terms of agreement, we share equally all development costs and profits with
Chiron. In 1998, this agreement resulted in revenues recognized by us of $6.2
million, which included a non-recurring payment of $5.0 million for
reimbursement for 50.0% of past expenses we incurred for the preclinical
development of ANGIOZYME. In 1999, we recorded $4.0 million in revenues due from
Chiron for reimbursement of expenses incurred for the clinical development of
ANGIOZYME. We expect 2000 expenses related to ANGIOZYME to be approximately
$11.0 million, of which Chiron is expected to reimburse us approximately $5.5
million.
In March 1999, we entered into a collaboration with Eli Lilly to conduct
research, development and commercialization of our anti-HCV ribozyme for the
treatment of Hepatitis C virus infection. We granted Eli Lilly the exclusive
worldwide right to develop and commercialize the anti-HCV ribozyme in return
for funding all research, development and commercialization costs for the drug.
Under the terms of the agreement, we received approximately $9.2 million during
1999, which included $1.7 million of funding for research and clinical trial
expenses and a $7.5 million equity investment through the purchase of five
shares of our Series L convertible preferred stock. Each share of Series L
convertible preferred stock is convertible into shares of our common stock
based upon milestones related to the development and commercialization of the
anti-HCV ribozyme. Depending on the achievement of certain milestones, each
share of convertible preferred stock will convert into either $500,000 or $1.5
million of our common stock valued at the average closing price over the 30
days prior to conversion. Including development milestones, which we will be
entitled to receive if a commercial product is developed for sale in the United
States, Europe and Japan, we could receive additional funding of up to $29
million. This includes approximately $2.9 million in 2000 for research in
addition to a $500,000 milestone payment for having filed the IND.
In January 2000, we entered into a joint venture with Elan for the
development and commercialization of HERZYME, our potential product to treat
breast and other cancers. As part of the joint venture, Medizyme, we
contributed $12.0 million in initial funding to Medizyme in exchange for 80.1%
of Medizyme's capital stock. Our capital contribution was funded by our sale to
Elan of our Series A convertible exchangeable preferred stock for $12.0
million. The Series A preferred stock has a dividend rate of 6.0%. At the end
of the development period, expected to be mid-2002, Elan has the right to
exchange our Series A preferred stock for 30.1% of the capital stock of
Medizyme owned by us or convert it prior to January 2006 into up to
approximately 1.2 million shares of our common stock.
Elan purchased 641,026 shares of our common stock for $5.0 million and
committed to purchase an additional $5.0 million of common stock in May 2001 at
a per share price representing a premium of up to 30% of the price based on the
average closing price for the 45 trading days preceding the purchase, but not
less than such 45 trading-day average. In addition, Elan received warrants to
purchase 500,000 shares of our common stock at an average exercise price of
$18.00.
Medizyme paid a license fee of $15.0 million to Elan for the use of its
MEDIPAD(R) drug delivery technology. As a result of this licensing transaction,
it is likely that Medizyme will capitalize the entire license fee and amortize
the balance over the three-year term of the agreement. We will account for our
investment in Medizyme under the equity method. We have estimated that Medizyme
will require $15.0 million in funding through the development period to cover
future operating and development costs. Elan has provided us with a $12.0
million credit facility on a draw-down basis to fund our portion of Medizyme's
operating costs over a 30-month period. Elan may convert this debt into shares
of our Series B convertible preferred stock. The Series B preferred stock has a
dividend rate of 12.0% and may be converted at any time into our common stock at
a 50% premium to the average price
21
<PAGE>
of our common stock for the 60 trading days prior to the time of the applicable
draw down on the credit facility.
We anticipate that net proceeds of this offering, together with our existing
financial resources and expected revenues from our collaborations, should be
sufficient to meet our anticipated operating and capital requirements through
2002. We expect to incur substantial additional costs, including:
. costs related to our research, drug discovery and development programs;
. preclinical studies and clinical trials of our products, if developed;
. prosecuting and enforcing patent claims;
. general administrative and legal items; and
. manufacturing and marketing of our products, if any.
At December 31, 1999, we had available net operating loss carryforwards,
research and development credit carryforwards and state investment credit
carryforwards of $83.3 million, $2.1 million and $17,000, respectively, for
income tax purposes. Our ability to utilize our net operating loss
carryforwards is subject to an annual limitation in future periods pursuant to
the "change in ownership" rules under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.
Impact of Year 2000
In the prior year, we discussed the nature and progress of our plans to
become Year 2000 ready. In late 1999, we completed our remediation and testing
of systems. As a result of those planning and implementation efforts, we
experienced no significant disruptions in mission critical information
technology and non-information technology systems, and we believe those systems
successfully responded to the Year 2000 date change. We expensed approximately
$60,000 during 1999 in connection with remediating our systems. We are not
aware of any material problems resulting from Year 2000 issues, either with our
research, internal systems or the products and services of third parties. We
will continue to monitor our mission critical computer applications and those
of our suppliers and vendors throughout the year 2000 to ensure that any latent
Year 2000 matters that may arise are addressed promptly.
22
<PAGE>
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.
23
<PAGE>
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Submitted as part of Item 14(a) of this Form 10-K and incorporated
herein by reference.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
24
<PAGE>
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF REGISTRANT
The directors, executive officers and key employees of Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Age Position
- ---- --- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Ralph E. Christoffersen, Ph.D. (1)........... 62 Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
Lawrence E. Bullock.......................... 44 Vice President of Administration and Finance, Chief
Financial Officer and Secretary
J. Wayne Cowens, M.D......................... 51 Vice President of Clinical and Regulatory Affairs
Alene A. Holzman............................. 43 Vice President of Corporate Development
Nassim Usman, Ph.D........................... 40 Senior Vice President of Research
David T. Morgenthaler (1) (2)................ 80 Chairman of the Board
Jeremy L. Curnock Cook (1) (3)............... 50 Director
Anthony B. Evnin, Ph.D. (1) (2).............. 59 Director
David Ichikawa (3)........................... 47 Director
Anders P. Wiklund (2) (3).................... 59 Director
</TABLE>
(1) Member of the Executive Committee.
(2) Member of the Compensation Committee.
(3) Member of the Audit Committee.
Ralph E. Christoffersen, Ph.D., has served as Chief Executive Officer,
President and Director of Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals since June 1992. From 1989 to
June 1992, Dr. Christoffersen was Senior Vice President and Director of U.S.
Research at SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, a pharmaceutical company. From
1983 to 1989, he held senior management positions in research at The Upjohn
Company, a pharmaceutical company. Prior to joining The Upjohn Company, Dr.
Christoffersen served as a Professor of Chemistry and Vice Chancellor for
Academic Affairs at the University of Kansas and as President of Colorado State
University. He received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Indiana University.
Lawrence E. Bullock has served as Vice President of Administration and
Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary since January 1996. From
December 1990 to January 1996, Mr. Bullock was Chief Financial Officer, Director
of Finance and Administration and Secretary of La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company,
a biopharmaceutical company. Mr. Bullock received his M.B.A. from the University
of Utah.
J. Wayne Cowens, M.D., has served as Vice President of Clinical and
Regulatory Affairs since July 1999. From 1992 until July 1999, Dr. Cowens served
as Division Vice President of Product Development for Chiron Corporation, a
biotechnology company. During that time he served as Chiron's commercial
representative on the Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals/Chiron joint project team for the
development of ANGIOZYME. From 1990 until 1992, Dr. Cowens served as Director of
Clinical Oncology at Sterling-Winthrop, a pharmaceutical company, and from
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<PAGE>
1980 until 1990 as a cancer research Clinician in the Grace Cancer Drug Center
at the Roswell Park Cancer Center. Dr. Cowens received his M.D. degree from The
Johns Hopkins University.
Alene A. Holzman has served as Vice President of Corporate Development
since December 1999. Ms. Holzman served as Business Development and General
Manager of Target Validation and Discovery Business from April 1997 to December
1999. From January 1990 to March 1997, Ms. Holzman was Vice President of
ChemTrak Corporation, a medical technology firm, where she was responsible for
finance, business development and marketing and sales. From 1987 to 1990, she
was Vice President of CytoSciences, Inc., a biomedical company, and from 1981 to
1987 she was Vice President of Marketing and Sales for Hana Biologics, Inc. (now
Cell Genesys Corporation), a biotechnology firm. Ms. Holzman received her M.B.A.
from the University of California at Berkeley.
Nassim Usman, Ph.D., has served as Senior Vice President of Research since
December 1999. From May 1996 to December 1999, Dr. Usman served as Vice
President of Research at Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals. From April 1994 until May
1996, Dr. Usman served as Director of Chemistry and Biochemistry Research and
from September 1992 until April 1994 Dr. Usman served as Senior Scientist in
Chemistry and Biochemistry. From January 1987 to September 1992, Dr. Usman was a
Postdoctoral Fellow and Scientist in the Departments of Biology and Chemistry at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Usman received his Ph.D. in
chemistry from McGill University.
David T. Morgenthaler has served as a director since February 1992 and was
elected Chairman of the Board in December 1995. Mr. Morgenthaler was a founder
of and has been Managing Partner of Morgenthaler Ventures, a private venture
capital firm, since 1968. He has been a director of a number of public and
private companies. Mr. Morgenthaler received his M.S. degree from the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Jeremy L. Curnock Cook has served as a director since July 1995. Mr. Cook
is a director of Rothschild Asset Management, an investment fund, and has been
responsible for the Rothschild Bioscience Unit since 1987. Mr. Cook founded the
International Biochemicals Group in 1975 which he subsequently sold to Royal
Dutch Shell in 1985, remaining as Managing Director until 1987. He is also a
director of the International Biotechnology Trust plc, Creative BioMolecules
Inc., Targeted Genetics Inc., Cantab Pharmaceuticals plc, SUGEN, Inc., Cell
Therapeutics, Inc., Amrad Corporation, Vanguard Medica plc, Angiotech
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Inflazyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Biocompatibles
International plc. Mr. Cook received an M.A. in Natural Sciences from Trinity
College Dublin.
Anthony B. Evnin, Ph.D., has served as a director since February 1992. Dr.
Evnin has been a General Partner of Venrock Associates, a venture capital
partnership, since 1975. He is also a director of AxyS Pharmaceutical
Corporation, Centocor, Inc., Opta Food Ingredients, Inc., and Triangle
Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated. Dr. Evnin received his Ph.D. from the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
David Ichikawa has served as a director since May 1998. Mr. Ichikawa has
been employed by Chiron Corporation, a biotechnology company, since September
1994 and is currently Vice President of Finance and Operations. He has also held
management positions at Boehringer Mannhiem Corporation and Chiron (Cetus)
Corporation. Mr. Ichikawa received his M.B.A. from the University of California
at Berkeley.
Anders P. Wiklund has served as a director since August 1994. Since January
1997, Mr. Wiklund has been the principal of Wiklund International, an advisory
firm to the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. From 1967 through 1996,
Mr. Wiklund served in numerous executive positions for the Kabi and Pharmacia
group of companies, including President and CEO of Kabi Vitrum Inc. and Kabi
Pharmacia, Incorporated. Mr. Wiklund is also a director of Trega Bioscience,
Inc., Medivir, A.B. and InSite Vision, Inc., as well as serving on private
company boards. Mr. Wiklund received a Master of Pharmacy degree from the
Pharmaceutical Institute in Stockholm.
26
<PAGE>
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table summarizes the compensation paid to or earned by our
Chief Executive Officer and our other five most highly compensated executive
officers whose annual compensation exceeded $100,000 in 1999 ("Named Executive
Officers"). The "All Other Compensation" column shows matching contributions in
common stock made by us under our 401(k) Salary Reduction Plan. The amounts
shown for 1998 under "Shares Underlying Options Granted" include shares granted
in connection with the stock option repricing in 1998. See "Stock Option
Plan--Repricing."
Summary Compensation Table
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Annual Compensation Long-term Compensation
------------------- ----------------------
Shares
Other Underlying All
Annual Options Other
Name and Principal Position Year Salary($) Bonus($) Comp.($) Granted(#) Comp.($)
- --------------------------- ---- --------- -------- -------- ---------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Ralph E. Christoffersen, Ph.D. ..... 1999 297,000 64,000 -- 37,000 4,993
Chief Executive Officer and 1998 285,670 50,000 37,862(1) 198,748 4,998
President 1997 269,520 50,000 45,000(1) 129,450 4,744
Lawrence E. Bullock ................ 1999 158,350 26,850 25,797(2) 24,000 4,993
Vice President of Administration 1998 150,800 25,000 75,883(2) 85,957 4,998
and Finance, CFO and Secretary 1997 136,254 25,000 35,524(2) 37,500 4,744
J. Wayne Cowens, Ph.D. (3)........... 1999 112,500 -- 110,269(4) 122,000 --
Vice President of Clinical Affairs
Alene A. Holzman (5)................ 1999 166,325 24,175 28,000(6) 42,000 4,993
Vice President of Corporate Development 1998 156,900 6,500 37,721(6) 100,000 4,998
1997 108,557 12,500 28,389(6) 80,000 3,494
Thomas H. Rossing, M.D. (7)......... 1999 152,584 35,725 33,000(8) -- --
Former Vice President of Product 1998 250,650 -- 34,000(8) 110,624 4,998
Development 1997 105,859 22,000 84,008(8) 107,500 --
Nassim Usman, Ph.D. ................ 1999 177,925 29,075 42,669(10) 42,000 4,993
Vice President of Research 1998 183,038(9) 23,000 25,841(10) 99,167 4,998
1997 158,004 -- 25,397(10) 45,000 4,744
</TABLE>
(1) Includes (a)$25,000 in each of 1997 and 1998 for forgiveness of a loan made
to Dr. Christoffersen for relocation expenses; and (b) $20,000 in 1997 and
$12,862 in 1998 to assist him with the tax liability relating to the loan
forgiveness.
(2) Includes (a)$9,641 in 1997, representing implied interest related to an
interest-free loan made to Mr. Bullock for relocation expenses; (b) $15,000
in each of 1997, 1998 and 1999 for partial forgiveness of the loan; (c)
$7,883 in each of 1997 and 1998 and $7,797 in 1999 for taxes relating to
the loan; (d) $3,000 in each of 1997, 1998 and 1999 as reimbursements for
dependent daycare expenses; and (e) $50,000 in 1998 to reimburse Mr.
Bullock for relocation expenses.
(3) Dr. Cowens joined Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals on July 1, 1999.
(4) Includes (a) $27,755 in 1999 representing implied interest relating to an
interest-free loan; (b) $14,426 in 1999 for taxes relating to the loan; (c)
$44,802 to reimburse Dr. Cowens for relocation expenses; and (d) $23,286
for taxes relating to relocation.
(5) Ms. Holzman joined Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals on April 1, 1997.
(6) Includes (a) $10,036 in 1997 representing implied interest related to an
interest-free loan made to Ms. Holzman for relocation expenses; (b) $15,853
and $9,721 in 1997 and 1998 respectively, to reimburse Ms. Holzman for
27
<PAGE>
relocation expenses; (c) $25,000 in each of 1998 and 1999 for partial
forgiveness of the loan; and (d) $2,500 in 1997 and $3,000 in each of 1998
and 1999 as reimbursements for dependent daycare expenses.
(7) Dr. Rossing joined Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals on July 28, 1997 and resigned
from the Company on August 3, 1999.
(8) Includes (a) $14,901 in 1997 representing implied interest related to an
interest-free loan made to Dr. Rossing for relocation expenses; (b) $34,000
and $33,000 in 1998 and 1999, respectively, for partial forgiveness of the
loan; and (c) $69,107 in 1997 to reimburse Dr. Rossing for relocation
expenses.
(9) Includes $13,988 in additional salary for Dr. Usman's three-month temporary
position as Vice President of Atugen.
(10) Includes (a) $15,000 in each of 1997, 1998 and 1999 for partial forgiveness
of the loan; (b) $7,883 in each of 1997 and 1998, and $7,797 in 1999 for
taxes relating to the loan; (c) $2,496 in each of 1997 and 1998 and $3,000
in 1999 as reimbursements for dependent daycare expenses; (d) $11,102 in
1999 representing implied interest related to an interest-free loan; and
(e) $5,770 in 1999 for taxes relating to the loan.
Stock Option Plan
In March 1996 we amended, restated and merged our stock option plans and
named the resulting plan the 1996 Stock Option Plan. At December 31, 1999,
1,788,903 shares of our common stock are reserved for issuance under the Plan.
As of February 28, 2000, options to purchase 1,694,814 shares were outstanding
under the Plan. The Plan will terminate in January 2006, unless earlier
terminated by the Board of Directors. The purpose of the Plan is to:
. attract and retain qualified personnel,
. provide additional incentives to our employees, officers, directors and
consultants, and
. promote the success of our business.
Under the Plan, we may grant or issue incentive stock options and
supplemental (non-qualified) stock options to our consultants, employees,
officers and directors.
Administration. Our Board has delegated administration of the Plan to a
Compensation Committee comprised of three independent directors (see "Board
Committees"). Subject to the limitations set forth in the Plan, the Board or the
Compensation Committee has the authority to:
. select the persons to whom grants are to be made,
. designate the number of shares to be covered by each option,
. determine whether an option is an incentive stock option or a non-
statutory stock option,
. establish vesting schedules, and
. subject to restrictions, specify the type of consideration to be paid
upon exercise and to specify other terms of the options.
Terms. The maximum term of options granted under the Plan is ten years,
however, the maximum term is five years for incentive options granted to a
person who at that time owns 10% of the total combined voting power of all
classes of stock. The aggregate fair market value of the stock with respect to
which incentive stock options are first exercisable in any calendar year may not
exceed $100,000 per optionee. Any portion in excess of $100,000 shall be treated
as non-statutory stock options. Options granted under the Plan are
non-transferable and generally expire upon the earlier of the stated expiration
date or three months after the termination of an optionee's service to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals. However, the expiration date would be 18 months in the event
the optionee's employment terminates by reason of death, or 12 months in the
event the optionee's employment terminates due to disability, or a longer or
shorter period as may be specified in the option agreement.
28
<PAGE>
Our Board has discretion in connection with a merger, consolidation,
reorganization or similar corporate event where we are the surviving corporation
to prescribe the terms and conditions for the modifications of the options
granted under the Plan. If we are not the surviving corporation in the event of
our dissolution or liquidation, or our merger or consolidation, all outstanding
options will terminate unless assumed by another corporation.
No specific vesting schedule is required under the Plan. The exercise price
of incentive stock options must equal at least the fair market value of the
common stock on the date of grant, except that the exercise price of incentive
stock options granted to any person who at the time of grant owns stock
possessing more than 10% of the combined voting power of all classes of stock
must be at least 110% of the fair market value of the stock on the date of
grant. The exercise price on non-statutory stock options under the Plan may be
no less than 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of
grant.
Repricing. In September 1998 our Board of Directors approved a repricing of
all employee stock options outstanding under the Plan. Pursuant to this
repricing, each Named Executive Officer holding options received 0.75 option for
each one option surrendered with a new vesting date and an exercise price of
$3.00 per share. All non-executive employees who were option holders received
one new option for each one option surrendered with a new vesting date and an
exercise price of $3.00 per share. As a result of this repricing offer, 890,921
options were canceled and 747,060 options were granted effective September 18,
1998.
29
<PAGE>
The following table contains information about stock options granted to
each of the Named Executive Officers and Directors during 1999 under the Plan.
All options, other than performance-based options which are indicated by *, vest
in increments of 20% over a five-year period and become exercisable on the first
anniversary of the grant date. The exercise price of each option was equal to
the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the option grant as
determined by the Board of Directors. The options are granted for a term of ten
years, subject to earlier termination if employment is terminated. In 1999, we
granted options representing an aggregate of 589,259 shares of our common stock
to our employees and directors, including the Named Executive Officers.
Option Grants in 1999
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Individual Grants
----------------------------------------------------
% of Total
Number of Options Potential Realizable
Shares Granted Value at
Underlying to Annual Rate of Stock
Options Employees Exercise Price Appreciation
Granted in Price Expiration for Option Term(1)
---------------------
(#) 1999 ($/Share) Date 5%($) 10%($)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Ralph E. Christoffersen................... 7,000 1.2 % $ 8.13 12-02-09 35,790 90,700
*30,000 5.1 8.13 12-02-09 153,387 388,714
------- -------
37,000 6.3
Lawrence E. Bullock....................... 12,000 2.0 8.13 12-02-09 61,355 155,486
*12,000 2.0 8.13 12-02-09 61,355 155,486
------- -------
24,000 4.0
J. Wayne Cowens........................... 50,000 8.5 4.31 07-01-09 135,527 343,451
*50,000 8.5 4.31 07-01-09 135,527 343,451
11,000 1.9 8.13 12-02-09 56,242 142,528
*11,000 1.9 8.13 12-02-09 56,242 142,528
------- -------
122,000 20.8
Alene A. Holzman.......................... 15,000 2.5 5.56 05-21-09 52,450 132,918
13,500 2.3 8.13 12-02-09 69,024 174,921
*13,500 2.3 8.13 12-02-09 69,024 174,921
------- -------
42,000 7.1
Thomas H. Rossing, M.D.................... -- -- -- -- -- --
Nassim Usman.............................. 15,000 2.5 5.56 05-21-09 52,450 132,918
13,500 2.3 8.13 12-02-09 69,024 174,921
*13,500 2.3 8.13 12-02-09 69,024 174,921
------- -------
42,000 7.1
</TABLE>
* These options become 100% vested upon the completion of various research or
business performance milestones.
(1) Amounts reported in these columns show hypothetical gains that may be
realized upon exercise of the options, assuming the market price of common
stock appreciates at the specified annual rates of appreciation, compounded
annually over the term of the options. These numbers are calculated based
upon rules promulgated by the SEC. Actual gains, if any, depend on the
future performance of our common stock and overall market conditions.
30
<PAGE>
The following table contains information about the stock options exercised
in 1999 and the number and value of stock options held by each Named Executive
Officer as of December 31, 1999. A stock option is "in-the-money" if the closing
market price of our common stock exceeds the exercise price of the stock option.
The value of "in-the-money" unexercised stock options set forth in the table
represents the difference between the exercise price of these options and the
closing sales price of our common stock on December 31, 1999, as reported by the
Nasdaq National Market, $10.50 per share.
Aggregated Option Exercises in 1999 and
1999 Year-End Option Values
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of
Securities Underlying Value of Unexercised
Unexercised Options In-the-Money Options
Shares at December 31, 1999(#) at December 31, 1999($)
Acquired On Value ------------------------- -------------------------
Name Exercise (#) Realized ($) Exercisable/Unexercisable Exercisable/Unexercisable
- --------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------------------- -------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Ralph E. Christoffersen....... -- -- 119,583/161,497 906,462/974,077
Lawrence E. Bullock........... -- -- 44,061/87,180 295,674/506,429
Alene A. Holzman.............. -- -- 38,000/99,250 232,400/525,385
J. Wayne Cowens............... -- -- 10,000/112,000 61,900/609,240
Thomas H. Rossing M.D......... 16,500 $37,125(1) -- --
Nassim Usman.................. -- -- 53,658/102,492 391,538/543,458
</TABLE>
(1) Value realized is the difference between Dr. Rossing's exercise price of
$3.00 and the price of our common stock on the day of exercise which was
$5.25.
Employment agreements
Ralph E. Christoffersen. In May 1992, we entered into an employment
agreement with Ralph E. Christoffersen, Ph.D., our President and Chief Executive
Officer, which, as amended, currently provides for:
. an annual salary of $309,000,
. an annual performance-based cash bonus of up to $80,000 (a bonus of
$68,000 was received in January 2000 for 1999 performance), and
. stock options for common stock as reflected in the tables in this
"Executive Compensation" section.
Dr. Christoffersen's agreement may be terminated upon his death, disability
or for cause. If we terminate Dr. Christoffersen's employment, he is entitled to
receive all accrued salary and benefits up to his termination and, unless he has
been terminated for cause, nine months of severance pay at the same monthly rate
as in effect at the time of his termination. Upon termination, Dr.
Christoffersen shall be paid a lump sum cash payment of up to $27,500.
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<PAGE>
Lawrence E. Bullock. In January 1996, we entered into an employment
agreement with Lawrence E. Bullock, our Vice President of Administration and
Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary, which, as amended, currently
provides for:
. an annual salary of $166,275,
. an annual performance-based cash bonus of up to 20% of his current
salary (a bonus of $25,350 was received in January 2000 for 1999
performance),
. stock options for common stock as reflected in the tables in this
"Executive Compensation" section, and
. an interest-free loan of $75,000 made in 1996 and forgivable in five
equal annual installments, grossed-up for taxes, as long as Mr. Bullock
remains employed by us.
If we terminate Mr. Bullock's employment without cause, he is entitled to six
months' severance pay at his then current salary.
J. Wayne Cowens, Ph.D. In July 1999 we entered into an employment agreement
with J. Wayne Cowens, Ph.D., our Vice President of Clinical Affairs, which, as
amended, currently provides for:
. an annual salary of $230,625,
. an annual performance-based cash bonus of up to 20% of his current
salary (a bonus of $42,750 was received in January 2000 for 1999
performance),
. stock options for common stock as reflected in the tables in this
"Executive Compensation" section, and
. an interest-free loan of $150,000 made in 1999 and forgivable in five
equal installments, grossed-up for taxes, as long as Dr. Cowens remains
employed by us.
If we terminate Dr. Cowens's employment without cause, he will be entitled
to six months' severance pay at his then current salary.
Alene A. Holzman. In February 1997, we entered into an employment agreement
with Alene A. Holzman, our Vice President of Corporate Development, which, as
amended, currently provides for:
. an annual salary of $179,625,
. an annual performance-based cash bonus of up to 20% of her current
salary (a bonus of $30,000 was received in January 2000 for 1999
performance),
. stock options for common stock as reflected in the tables in this
"Executive Compensation" section, and
. an interest-free loan of $75,000 made in June 1997 and forgivable in
three equal installments as long as Ms. Holzman is employed by us.
If we terminate Ms. Holzman's employment without cause, she is entitled to
six months' severance pay at her then current salary.
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<PAGE>
Nassim Usman, Ph.D. In May 1996, we entered into an employment agreement
with Nassim Usman, Ph.D., our Vice President of Research, which, as amended,
currently provides for:
. an annual salary of $210,000,
. an annual performance-based cash bonus of up to 20% of his current
salary (a bonus of $32,000 was received in January 2000 for 1999
performance),
. stock options for common stock as reflected in the tables in this
"Management" section, and
. an interest-free loan of $75,000 made in 1996 and an additional
interest-free loan of $60,000 made in 1999, both of which are forgivable
in five equal installments, grossed-up for taxes, as long as Dr. Usman
remains employed by us.
If we terminate Dr. Usman's employment without cause, he will be entitled
to six months' severance pay at his then current salary.
Employee Benefits
Executive Bonus Plan. In March 1998, our Executive Bonus Plan was adopted
by the Board of Directors. This Bonus Plan provides our executive officers with
the opportunity to earn an annual bonus contingent upon their fulfillment of
annual goals as determined by our Compensation Committee comprised of three
independent directors. The Compensation Committee has complete authority to
establish the goals for each executive officer, to interpret all provisions of
the Bonus Plan and to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for
the administration of the Bonus Plan. The Compensation Committee may award each
of our executive officers with an annual bonus comprised of one or more of the
following:
. cash payment,
. stock options pursuant to our stock option plan, or
. forgiveness of any portion of the principal of interest-free loans
provided to the executive officer.
Section 401(k) Plan. As part of our effort to attract and maintain high
quality staff, we adopted a 401(k) Salary Reduction Plan and Trust on June 1,
1992. Our employees may make pre-tax elective contributions of up to 20% of
their salary, subject to limitations prescribed by law. All contributions are
paid to a trustee who invests for the benefit of members of the 401(k) Plan. In
March 1997, the 401(k) Plan was amended to provide that we may match the
employee's contributions with common stock. We may amend or terminate the 401(k)
Plan at any time, subject to legal restrictions.
33
<PAGE>
Employee Stock Purchase Plan. In March 1996, we adopted an Employee Stock
Purchase Plan, which authorizes the issuance of up to 300,000 shares of our
common stock to eligible employees. Generally, each offering lasts for
twenty-four months, and purchases are made on each October 31 and April 30
during each offering. For example, the initial offering began on April 11, 1996,
and terminated on April 30, 1998. Common stock is purchased for accounts of
employees participating in the Purchase Plan at a price per share equal to the
lower of:
. 85% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of
commencement of participation in the offering, or
. 85% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of
purchase.
Generally, all regular employees, including executive officers, may
participate in the Purchase Plan and may authorize payroll deductions of up to
15% of their base compensation for the purchase of common stock under the
Purchase Plan. Our Board of Directors has the authority to terminate the
Purchase Plan at its discretion. As of February 17, 2000, 164,239 shares had
been issued pursuant to the Purchase Plan.
Director Compensation
Fees. All non-employee directors receive a fee of:
. $1,000 per day for each Board or Committee meeting attended, and
. $500 per day for participating telephonically in a Board or Committee
meeting.
Stock Options. Non-employee directors may also receive stock options for
5,000 shares of our stock annually under our stock option plan. In 1997, 1998
and 1999, each non-employee director was granted an option to purchase 5,000
shares. The options vest after one year of service. In addition, Mr. Wiklund
received an option to purchase 4,444 shares in June 1994, of which 1,111 shares
vested immediately and the remaining 3,333 shares vest in increments of 20% over
five years starting in 1995.
Board Committees
The Board has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and
an Executive Committee. The Executive Committee, consisting of Messrs.
Morgenthaler (Chairman) and Cook and Drs. Christoffersen and Evnin, oversees the
management and operation of our business.
The Compensation Committee, consisting of Dr. Evnin (Chairman) and Messrs.
Morgenthaler and Wiklund:
. reviews and recommends for Board approval grants of options pursuant to
our stock option plan,
. decides salaries and incentive compensation for our employees and
consultants, and
. recommends compensation for executive officers.
The Audit Committee, consisting of Messrs. Ichikawa (Chairman), Cook and
Wiklund:
. recommends to the Board the selection of independent auditors,
. reviews the results and scope of the audit and other services provided
by our independent auditors, and
. reviews and evaluates our audit and control functions.
34
<PAGE>
Compensation Committee Interlocks
The members of our Compensation Committee have no interlocking
relationships as defined under SEC regulations.
35
<PAGE>
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table summarizes information regarding the beneficial
ownership of our outstanding securities as of February 28, 2000 (which includes
shares that may be acquired on the exercise of stock options vested or warrants
exercisable through April 28, 2000), by:
. each person or group that we know owns more than 5% of the outstanding
shares of common stock,
. each of our directors,
. each Named Executive Officer listed in the Summary Compensation Table,
and
. all of our directors and executive officers as a group.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with rules of the SEC
and includes shares over which the indicated beneficial owner exercises voting
and/or investment power. Shares of common stock subject to options or warrants
currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days are deemed outstanding for
computing the percentage ownership of the person holding the options but are not
deemed outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
Except as otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table, we believe that
each stockholder identified in the table has sole voting and investment power
with respect to all shares listed opposite their names. Unless otherwise
indicated, the following officers, directors and stockholders can be reached at
the principal offices of Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Percentage of
Number of Shares Shares
Name and Address Beneficially Owned Outstanding
- ---------------- ------------------ -----------
<S> <C> <C>
Elan International Services, Ltd............................. 2,142,276(1) 15.9%
102 St. James Court
Flatts, Smiths Parish
FL 04, Bermuda,
Schering Berlin Venture Corporation.......................... 836,395(2) 6.9%
3400 Change Bridge Road
Monteville, New Jersey 07045
Chiron Corporation........................................... 1,063,868(3) 8.6%
4560 Horton Street
Emeryville, California 94608
International Biotechnology Trust plc........................ 1,012,633 8.5%
c/o Rothschild Asset Management, Ltd.
Five Arrows House
St. Swithin's Lane
London EC4N 8NR England
Ralph E. Christoffersen, Ph.D. ............................. 209,867(4) 1.7%
Jeremy L. Curnock Cook....................................... 1,022,633(5) 8.6%
Anthony B. Evnin, Ph.D. ..................................... 325,773(6) 2.7%
David Ichikawa............................................... 5,000(7) *
David T. Morgenthaler........................................ 95,563(8) *
</TABLE>
36
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Anders P. Wiklund............................................ 14,444(9) *
Lawrence E. Bullock.......................................... 63,455(10) *
J. Wayne Cowens.............................................. 10,000(11) *
Alene Holzman................................................ 39,778(12) *
Thomas H. Rossing............................................ __ *
Nassim Usman, Ph.D........................................... 64,186(13) *
Executive officers and directors as a group (10 persons)..... 1,850,699(14) 15.1%
</TABLE>
__________________
* Less than 1%.
(1) Includes 1,001,250 shares convertible from our Series A convertible
exchangeable preferred stock assuming a conversion price of $12.00 per
share and 500,000 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants.
(2) Includes 158,512 shares convertible from outstanding debt assuming a
conversion price of $43.50 per share.
(3) Includes 444,444 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants.
(4) Includes options to purchase 119,583 shares and 2,028 shares allocated to
Dr. Christofferson under our 401(k) Plan.
(5) Includes options to purchase 10,000 shares and 1,012,633 shares held by the
International Biotechnology Trust plc, for which Rothschild Asset
Management, Ltd. ("Rothschild") acts as investment advisor. Mr. Cook is a
director of Rothschild but disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares.
(6) Includes options to purchase 10,000 shares, 218,022 shares held by Venrock
Associates and 97,751 shares held by Venrock Associates II, L.P. Mr. Evnin
is a general partner of both partnerships and disclaims beneficial
ownership of these shares except to the extent of his general partnership
interests.
(7) Excludes 1,063,868 shares held by Chiron. Mr. Ichikawa is employed by
Chiron and disclaims beneficial ownership of those shares. Includes options
to purchase 5,000 shares.
(8) Includes options to purchase 10,000 shares, 75,563 shares held by
Morgenthaler Management Partners III and 10,000 shares held by Morgenthaler
Family Partnership. Mr. Morgenthaler is a general partner of both
partnerships and disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares except to
the extent of his general partnership interests.
(9) Includes options to purchase 14,444 shares.
(10) Includes options to purchase 47,394 shares and 2,028 shares allocated to
Mr. Bullock under our 401(k) Plan.
(11) Includes options to purchase 10,000 shares.
(12) Includes options to purchase 33,000 shares and 1,877 shares allocated to
Ms. Holzman under our 401(k) Plan.
(13) Includes options to purchase 62,158 shares and 2,028 shares allocated to
Dr. Usman under our 401(k) Plan.
(14) Includes options to purchase 321,579 shares and 7,961 shares allocated to
executive officers under our 401(k) Plan.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
We believe that the following transactions were in our best interests. As a
matter of policy, these transactions were, and all future transactions between
Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and any of our officers, directors or principal
stockholders will be:
. approved by a majority of the independent members of our Board of
Directors,
. entered into on terms no less favorable to Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals than
could be obtained from unaffiliated third parties, and
. entered into in connection with bona fide business purposes.
37
<PAGE>
Executive Loans. We made interest-free loans to our executive officers. We
have forgiven all or a portion of the outstanding principal amount of each loan
under the terms of each officer's employment agreement. See "Management--
Employment Agreements."
Balance as of
Name Loan Amount February 28, 2000
------------------- ----------- -----------------
Ralph E. Christoffersen, Ph.D. .... $250,000(1) $ 0
Lawrence E. Bullock................ 75,000(2) 15,000
Nassim Usman, Ph.D. ............... 135,000(3) 90,000
Alene A. Holzman................... 75,000(4) 25,000
J. Wayne Cowens, M.D. 150,000 150,000
(1) $50,000 forgiven in each of June 1993, January 1995, January 1996 and
January 1997, and $25,000 forgiven in each of January 1994 and January
1998.
(2) $15,000 forgiven in each of June 1997, January 1998, January 1999 and
January 2000.
(3) $15,000 forgiven in each of June 1997, May 1998 and May 1999.
(4) $25,000 forgiven in each of March 1998 and March 1999.
Chiron Transactions. Chiron and Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals granted each other
licenses to technologies and agreed to undertake research activities pursuant to
a collaboration agreement. Chiron purchased:
. 100,000 shares of our common stock for a purchase price of $3.60 per
share,
. 107,095 shares of our Series E Preferred Stock for a purchase price of
$37.35 per share, and
. a warrant at a price of $4.50 per warrant share, exercisable for 444,444
shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $40.50 per share.
In February 1996, we amended the warrant issuable to Chiron to reduce the
exercise price from $40.50 per share to $22.50 per share. When we closed our
initial public offering in April 1996, Chiron:
. purchased 377,202 shares of our common stock for $3.6 million at the
initial public offering price less one-half of the underwriting
discount,
. paid us $1.8 million to complete the purchase of its warrant, and
. received 35,127 additional shares of our common stock pursuant to
anti-dilutive provisions.
Chiron also has a representative on our Board of Directors.
In May 1996, we entered into a second collaboration with Chiron for the use
of ribozymes to characterize gene function. The collaborations give Chiron the
right to develop and commercialize products that result from the collaboration,
and entitle us to receive product development milestone payments and royalties
on sales of commercial products. Chiron and Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals each pay a
portion of the research and development expenses of the collaboration, and we
agreed to provide Chiron $1.8 million, which was paid in 1996 to fund cell
culture assays of potential targets and research related to potential target
identification, development of delivery systems for ribozyme drugs and other
matters related to our collaborations with Chiron.
Schering AG Transaction. In April 1997, we entered into a research
collaboration with Schering AG focusing on the use of ribozymes and related
technologies for gene function validation. Schering AG purchased:
. 212,766 shares of our common stock for $2.5 million in 1997, and
38
<PAGE>
. 465,117 shares of our common stock for $2.5 million in 1998.
Separately, Schering AG provided loans of $2.0 million in 1997, 1998 and
1999. Schering AG will continue to provide loans of up to $2.0 million annually
for each year through 2001, provided that the collaboration is continued in each
of those years. The loans, which carry an interest rate of 8.0% per annum, are
convertible into equity at Schering AG's option under certain circumstances.
Principal and interest payments are deferred until maturity of the loans in
April 2004. As a result of the Atugen formation in 1998, we now subcontract all
of our existing target discovery and identification programs to Atugen; however,
as long as our collaboration continues with Schering AG we will continue to
borrow against the loans.
In addition, Schering AG made research payments of $1.5 million in 1997 and
$2.0 million in 1998. Currently we subcontract this program to Atugen and
therefore recorded no revenues related to Schering AG in 1999. Upon payment of
termination fees to us, the research collaboration may be terminated at Schering
AG's option at any time.
Atugen Transaction. In 1998, we and other investors formed Atugen.
Financing for Atugen was accomplished through a combination of venture capital,
an investment by us and German government grants and loans. We contributed $2.0
million in cash to Atugen. We currently own a 48.4% equity interest in Atugen.
All five of our executive officers and two of our employees received shares of
Atugen's common stock in the formation at no cost to them, for which we will
receive a one-time compensation expense of approximately $81,000. During 1999,
Atugen granted one of our executives an additional 25 shares of previously
unissued Atugen stock. Currently, these seven people hold approximately 6.0% of
Atugen's common stock.
As part of the formation, Atugen received exclusive royalty-free licenses
to our extensive patents and technologies for target validation and discovery.
We received a one-time $2.0 million upfront license payment in 1999. We
currently are compensated for providing management and other services to Atugen
under the terms of a service agreement.
Eli Lilly Transaction. In March 1999, we entered into a collaboration with
Eli Lilly to conduct research, development and commercialization of our anti-HCV
ribozyme for the treatment of Hepatitis C. Lilly purchased five shares of our
Series L convertible preferred stock for $7.5 million in April 1999. Separately,
Eli Lilly provided funding for research of $1.7 million in 1999. Eli Lilly will
pay approximately $2.9 million for support of research in 2000, including a
$500,000 milestone payment for the IND filing. We could receive as much as $38
million from Eli Lilly under the collaboration prior to commercialization if
development milestones are met. All payments are subject to some restrictions.
Upon payment of termination fees to us, the research collaboration may be
terminated at Eli Lilly's option at any time.
Elan Transaction. In January 2000, we entered into a joint venture with Elan
for the development and commercialization of HERZYME, our potential product to
treat breast and other cancers. As part of the joint venture, Medizyme, we
contributed $12.0 million in initial funding to Medizyme in exchange for 80.1%
of Medizyme's capital stock. Our capital contribution was funded by our sale to
Elan of our Series A convertible exchangeable preferred stock for $12.0 million.
The Series A preferred stock has a dividend rate of 6.0%. At the end of the
development period, expected to be mid-2002, Elan has the right to exchange our
Series A preferred stock for 30.1% of the capital stock of Medizyme owned by us
or convert it prior to January 2006 into up to approximately 1.2 million shares
of our common stock.
Elan purchased 641,026 shares of our common stock for $5.0 million and
committed to purchase an additional $5.0 million of common stock in May 2001 at
a per share price representing a premium of up to 30% of the price based on the
average closing price for the 45 trading days preceding the purchase, but not
less than such 45 trading-day average. In addition, Elan received warrants to
purchase 500,000 shares of our common stock at an average exercise price of
$18.00.
Medizyme paid a license fee of $15.0 million to Elan for the use of its
MEDIPAD(R) drug delivery technology. As a result of this licensing transaction,
it is likely that Medizyme will capitalize the entire license fee and amortize
the balance over the three year term of the agreement. We will account for our
investment in Medizyme under the equity method. We have estimated that Medizyme
will require $15.0 million in funding through the development period to cover
future operating and development costs. Elan has provided us with a $12.0
million credit facility on a draw-down basis to fund our portion of Medizyme's
operating costs over a 30-month period. Elan may convert this debt into shares
of our Series B convertible preferred stock. The Series B preferred stock has a
dividend rate of 12.0% and may be converted at any time into our common stock at
a 50% premium to the average price of our common stock for the 60 trading days
prior to the time of the applicable draw down on the credit facility.
39
<PAGE>
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a)(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PAGE
----
Report of Independent Auditors F-1
Balance Sheets F-2
Statements of Operations F-4
Statements of Stockholders' Equity F-5
Statements of Cash Flows F-7
Notes to Financial Statements F-8
(a)(2) EXHIBITS
Number Description
- ------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals dated April 17, 1996(5)
3.2 Bylaws of Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, as amended(1)
4.1 Specimen Stock Certificate(1)
4.2 Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series L
Preferred Shares (10)
4.3 Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A
Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock (11)
10.1 Form of Indemnity Agreement entered into between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and its directors and officers, with related
schedule(1)
10.2 Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals' Incentive Stock Option Plan, including form
of Incentive Stock Option Agreement(1)
10.3 Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals' Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan, including
form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement(1)
10.4 Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals' 1996 Stock Option Plan, including forms of
Incentive Stock Option Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreements(1)
10.5 Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals' 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan(1)
10.6 Employment Agreement dated January 1, 1997, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Ralph E. Christoffersen(5)
40
<PAGE>
10.7 Incentive Stock Option Agreement between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and
Ralph E. Christoffersen dated December 23, 1992(1)
10.8 Incentive Stock Option Agreement between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and
Ralph E. Christoffersen dated September 23, 1994(1)
10.9 Warrant Purchase Agreement dated March 15, 1995, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Hambrecht & Quist Guaranty Finance(1)
10.10 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated March 15, 1995, issued to
Hambrecht & Quist Guaranty Finance(1)
10.11 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated February 22, 1993, issued to LINC
Scientific Leasing(1)
10.12 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated July 30, 1993, issued to Douglas
E. Olson(1)
10.13 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated July 30, 1993, issued to Richard
J. Warburg and Ruth P. Warburg(1)
10.14 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated December 28, 1994, issued to
Competitive Technologies, Inc.(1)
10.15 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated December 29, 1995, issued to
Silicon Valley Bank(1)
10.16 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated July 26, 1996, issued to Silicon
Valley Bank(1)
10.17 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated April 17, 1996, issued to Chiron
Corporation(1)
10.18 Collaborative Research, Development and Commercialization Agreement dated
July 15, 1994, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and Chiron Corporation(1)
10.19 Research Collaboration and Licensing Agreement dated November 1, 1995,
between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacia Biotech, AB(1)
10.20 Research and Development Collaboration Agreement dated April 19, 1993,
between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and Parke-Davis Division of Warner-
Lambert Company(1)
10.21 First Amendment to the Research and Development Collaboration
Agreement dated April 17, 1995, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and
Parke-Davis Division of Warner-Lambert Company(1)
41
<PAGE>
10.22 Second Amendment to the Research and Development Collaboration
Agreement dated February 8, 1996, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and
Parke-Davis Division of Warner-Lambert Company(1)
10.23 Financing Agreement dated March 16, 1995, among Wilderness Place Holdings
L.L.C., Hambrecht & Quist Guaranty Finance, L.P. and Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals(1)
10.24 Negotiable Promissory Note dated October 7, 1992, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Ralph Christoffersen and Addendum dated June 25,
1993(1)
10.25 Employment Agreement dated January 8, 1996, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Lawrence E. Bullock(1)
10.26 Promissory Note dated February 8, 1996, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals
and Lawrence E. Bullock(1)
10.27 Lease for Real Property dated May 20, 1992, between Aero-Tech Investments
and Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals(1)
10.28 Non-Disturbance and Attornment Agreement dated March 31, 1995, among
General American Life Insurance Company, Aero-Tech Investments,
Wilderness Place Holdings L.L.C. and Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals(1)
10.29 Master Lease Agreement dated September 2, 1992, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and LINC Scientific Leasing(1)
10.30 Loan and Security Agreement dated February 28, 1994, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Silicon Valley Bank(1)
10.31 Loan Modification Agreement dated December 21, 1994, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Silicon Valley Bank(1)
10.32 Loan and Security Agreement dated December 29, 1995, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Silicon Valley Bank and MMC/GATX Partnership No. 1(1)
10.33 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated December 29, 1995, issued to
MMC/GATX Partnership No. 1(1)
10.34 Agreement dated February 29, 1996, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and
Chiron Corporation relating to research and development funding(1)
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<PAGE>
10.35 Amendments to original Employment Agreements between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Ralph E. Christoffersen, Lawrence E. Bullock and
Nassim Usman, pursuant to letters dated November 14, 1996, November 22,
1996, and December 15, 1996(3)
10.36 Promissory Note dated June 4, 1996, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and
Nassim Usman(3)
10.37 Amendment to Lease for Real Property dated March 13, 1997, between Aero-
Tech Investments and Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals(3)
10.38 Employment Agreement dated May 2, 1996, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals
and Nassim Usman(2)
10.39 Collaboration Agreement Regarding Use of Ribozymes to Determine Gene
Function dated May 13, 1996, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and Chiron
Corporation(2)
10.40 Amended and Restated License Agreement dated November 20, 1996, between
Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, University Research Corporation, University of
Colorado and United States Biochemical Corporation(3)*
10.41 Amended and Restated Sublicense Agreement dated November 20, 1996,
between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and United States Biochemical
Corporation(3)*
10.42 Amended and Restated License Agreement dated November 20, 1996, between
Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and Competitive Technologies, Incorporated(3)*
10.43 Memorandum of Understanding dated March 1, 1996, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and DowElanco(1)
10.44 Stock Subscription Agreement dated September 1996 between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and University of Research Corporation(3)*
10.45 Stock Subscription Agreement dated November 20, 1996, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and United States Biochemical Corporation(3)*
10.46 Assignment of License and Restated License Agreement dated November 20,
1996, among Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, United States Biochemical
Corporation and Competitive Technologies(3)*
10.47 Letter Agreement dated May 22, 1996, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and
ALZA Corporation(3)*
43
<PAGE>
10.48 Research and Development Collaboration Agreement dated December 2, 1996,
between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and Protogene Laboratories(3)*
10.49 License Agreement dated February 14, 1997, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and IntelliGene, Ltd.(3)*
10.50 Subscription Agreement dated April 17, 1995, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Parke-Davis Division of Warner-Lambert Company(1)
10.51 Stock Purchase Agreement dated June 28, 1995, among Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and investors(1)
10.52 Agreement dated March 1, 1996, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and
DowElanco Corporation relating to the conversion of preferred stock(1)
10.53 Stock Subscription Agreement dated October 30, 1995, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Gewestelijke Investeringsmaatschappij voor Vlaanderon
n.v.(1)
10.54 Research, License, Supply and Royalty Agreement between Schering
Aktiengesellschaft and Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals dated April 9, 1997(4)*
10.55 Purchase Agreement dated April 9, 1997, among Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals,
Schering Berlin Venture Corporation and Schering Aktiengesellschaft(4)*
10.56 Employment Agreement dated February 27, 1997, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Alene Holzman(5)
10.57 Employment Agreement dated July 5, 1997, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals
and Thomas Rossing(5)
10.58 Executive Bonus Plan dated March 27, 1998(6)
10.59 Research, Collaboration and License Agreement dated May 19, 1998, between
Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and Roche Bioscience, a division of Syntex
(U.S.A.) Inc.(7)*
10.60 Employment Agreement dated September 8, 1998, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Nassim Usman(8)
10.61 Participation Agreement dated August 31, 1998, as amended, and related
documents between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and Atugen Biotechnology
GmbH(9)*
10.62 Research Collaboration and License Agreement dated March 17, 1999,
between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly and Company* (10)
44
<PAGE>
10.63 Stock Purchase Agreement dated April 30, 1999, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly and and Company (10)
10.64 Employment Agreement dated May 10, 1999 between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Dr. Wayne Cowens (10)
10.65 Securities Purchase Agreement dated January 7, 2000, among Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals, Elan International Services, Ltd. and Elan
Corporation, plc (11)
10.66** License Agreement dated January 7, 2000 among Elan Pharmaceutical
Technologies (a division of Elan Corporation, plc), Elan Pharma
International Limited and Medizyme Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (11)
10.67 Warrant dated January 7, 2000, issued to Elan International Services,
Ltd. to purchase up to 200,000 shares of Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals'
common stock (11)
10.68 Warrant dated January 7, 2000 issued to Elan International Services
Ltd. to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals'
common stock (11)
10.69 Convertible Promissory Note dated January 7, 2000, from Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals to Elan International Services, Ltd. (11)
10.70** Subscription, Joint Development and Operating Agreement dated January
7, 2000, among Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, Elan Corporation, plc, Elan
Pharma International Limited, Elan International Services, Ltd. and
Medizyme Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (11)
10.71 Funding Agreement dated January 7, 2000 among Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals, Elan Pharmaceutical Technologies (a division of Elan
Corporation, plc), Elan Pharma International Limited and Elan
International Services, Ltd. (11)
10.72** License Agreement dated January 7, 2000, among Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Medizyme Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (11)
10.73 Registration Rights Agreement dated January 7, 2000, between Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals and Elan International Services, Ltd. (11)
10.74 Registration Rights Agreement dated January 7, 2000 among Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals, Elan International Services, Ltd. and Medizyme
Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (11)
10.75** Agreement dated January 31, 2000, between Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals and
Avecia Limited (11)
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors
* Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals has applied for and received confidential
treatment with respect to portions of these exhibits.
** Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals has applied for confidential treatment with
respect to portions of these exhibits.
45
<PAGE>
(1) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form SB-2 Registration Statement, File No. 333-1908-D.
(2) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 1996.
(3) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 1996.
(4) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form 8-K dated June 12, 1997.
(5) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form SB-2 Registration Statement, File No. 333-34981.
(6) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997.
(7) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended June 30, 1998.
(8) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998.
(9) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form 8-K/A dated June 16, 1999.
(10) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form S-1 Registration Statement, File No. 333-75079.
(11) Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals' Form 8-K dated February 8, 2000.
(b) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the quarter ended December 31,
1999.
46
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undesigned, thereunto duly authorized in Boulder, Colorado, on
March 1, 2000.
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
By: /s/ Ralph E. Christoffersen
--------------------------------
Ralph E. Christoffersen, Ph.D.
Chief Executive Officer and President
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ RALPH E. CHRISTOFFERSEN Chief Executive Officer and March 1, 2000
- ------------------------------- President (Principal
Ralph E. Christoffersen, Ph.D. Executive Officer)
/s/ LAWRENCE E. BULLOCK Vice President, Administration March 1, 2000
- ------------------------------- Finance, Chief Financial
Lawrence E. Bullock Officer and Secretary
(Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
/s/ DAVID T. MORGENTHALER Chairman of the Board of March 1, 2000
- ------------------------------- Directors
David T. Morgenthaler
/s/ JEREMY C. COOK Director March 1, 2000
- -------------------------------
Jeremy C. Cook
/s/ ANTHONY B. EVNIN Director March 1, 2000
- -------------------------------
Anthony B. Evnin, Ph.D.
/s/ DAVID ICHIKAWA Director March 1, 2000
- -------------------------------
David Ichikawa
/s/ ANDERS WIKLUND Director March 1, 2000
- -------------------------------
Anders Wiklund
</TABLE>
47
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the related statements of
operations, stockholders' equity, and cashflows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 1999. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test
basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. at December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the results of its operations and its
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Denver, Colorado
February 9, 2000
F-1
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31
--------------------------
1998 1999
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
------
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents..... $ 6,511,512 $ 9,749,822
Securities available-for-
sale......................... -- 4,250,259
Accounts receivable........... 1,163,388 1,545,164
Accounts receivable--related
parties...................... 2,735,193 484,729
Notes receivable--related
parties...................... 118,466 138,903
Prepaid expenses and other.... 84,766 117,668
------------ ------------
Total current assets......... 10,613,325 16,286,545
Property, plant, and equipment:
Machinery and equipment....... 6,478,223 7,330,368
Leasehold improvements........ 3,582,664 3,763,515
Office furniture and
equipment.................... 1,065,049 1,157,907
------------ ------------
11,125,936 12,251,790
Accumulated depreciation....... (6,903,742) (8,447,884)
------------ ------------
4,222,194 3,803,906
Notes receivable--related
parties....................... 162,466 313,750
Deferred patent costs, net of
accumulated amortization
(1998--$271,328; 1999--
$379,558)..................... 2,905,575 4,231,307
Investment in Atugen AG........ 860,216 --
Other assets................... 460,515 456,591
------------ ------------
Total assets................. $ 19,224,291 $ 25,092,099
============ ============
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
-----------------------------
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable--trade....... $ 750,514 $ 974,309
Accrued liabilities........... 396,143 626,153
Deferred revenue, current
portion--related parties..... 400,000 400,000
Current portion of long-term
debt......................... 498,179 200,455
------------ ------------
Total current liabilities.... 2,044,836 2,200,917
Deferred revenue, long-term
portion--related parties...... 1,600,000 1,200,001
Long-term debt................. 200,455 --
Convertible debt--related
parties....................... 4,344,612 6,810,537
Commitments
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par
value; 5,000,000 shares
authorized;
Series L convertible, 5
shares issued and
outstanding at December 31,
1999, (preference in
liquidation of $7,500,000).. -- --
Common stock, $.01 par value;
20,000,000 shares authorized;
9,181,455 and 11,263,252
shares issued and outstanding
at December 31, 1998 and
1999, respectively........... 91,815 112,633
Additional paid-in capital..... 84,434,213 98,894,100
Accumulated deficit............ (73,422,491) (84,083,072)
Unrealized loss on securities
available-for-sale............ -- (2,399)
Deferred compensation.......... (69,149) (40,618)
------------ ------------
Total stockholders' equity... 11,034,388 14,880,644
------------ ------------
Total liabilities and
stockholders' equity......... $ 19,224,291 $ 25,092,099
============ ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-2
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended December 31
----------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Collaborative agreements.......... $ 1,976,500 $ 8,962,813 $ 5,797,456
Collaborative agreements-related
parties.......................... -- -- 1,866,942
Grant and other income............ 6,642 25,045 --
------------ ------------ ------------
Total revenues.................. 1,983,142 8,987,858 7,664,398
Expenses:
Research and development.......... 15,169,731 16,941,652 15,394,602
General and administrative........ 1,886,108 1,812,860 2,132,252
------------ ------------ ------------
Total expenses.................. 17,055,839 18,754,512 17,526,854
Operating loss...................... (15,072,697) (9,766,654) (9,862,456)
Other income (expense):
Interest income................... 794,968 634,569 614,045
Interest expense.................. (844,365) (703,711) (551,954)
Equity in loss of unconsolidated
affiliate........................ -- (1,081,771) (860,216)
------------ ------------ ------------
Total other expense............. (49,397) (1,150,913) (798,125)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss............................ $(15,122,094) $(10,917,567) $(10,660,581)
============ ============ ============
Net loss per share (basic and
diluted)........................... $ (2.04) $ (1.22) $ (1.05)
Shares used in computing net loss
per share.......................... 7,419,650 8,978,355 10,158,244
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-3
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Preferred
Common Stock Stock Additional Unrealized
-------------------- ------------- Paid-In Accumulated Loss on Deferred
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit Securities Compensation Total
---------- -------- ------ ------ ----------- ------------ ---------- ------------ -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at
December 31, 1996.... 6,948,304 $ 69,483 -- -- $67,873,284 $(47,382,830) $(9,214) $(188,902) $20,361,821
Issuance of common
stock for cash--
public offering, net
of issuance costs of
$634,796............. 1,400,000 14,000 -- -- 10,551,204 -- -- -- 10,565,204
Issuance of common
stock for cash....... 212,766 2,128 -- -- 2,497,872 -- -- -- 2,500,000
Issuance of common
stock for cash under
stock option plan.... 30,001 300 -- -- 51,404 -- -- -- 51,704
Issuance of common
stock under employee
stock purchase plan.. 29,875 298 -- -- 310,303 -- -- -- 310,601
Issuance of common
stock under 401(k)
plan-stock match .... 19,409 194 -- -- 155,078 -- -- -- 155,272
Cancellation of common
stock relating to
license agreement ... (33,333) (333) -- -- 333 -- -- -- --
Compensation for
issuance of common
stock and options ... -- -- -- -- (15,137) -- -- 58,590 43,453
Net loss.............. -- -- -- -- -- (15,122,094) -- -- (15,122,094)
Change in unrealized
loss on securities
available-for-sale... -- -- -- -- -- -- 4,150 -- 4,150
-----------
Comprehensive
income/(loss)........ (15,117,944)
---------- -------- --- ---- ----------- ------------ ------- --------- -----------
Balance at
December 31, 1997.... 8,607,022 86,070 -- -- 81,424,341 (62,504,924) (5,064) (130,312) 18,870,111
Issuance of common
stock for cash....... 465,117 4,651 -- -- 2,495,349 -- -- -- 2,500,000
Issuance of common
stock for cash--under
stock option plan.... 21,689 217 -- -- 45,545 -- -- -- 45,762
Issuance of common
stock under employee
stock purchase plan.. 54,115 542 -- -- 307,608 -- -- -- 308,150
Issuance of common
stock under 401(k)
plan-stock match..... 33,512 335 -- -- 190,371 -- -- -- 190,706
Compensation for
issuance of common
stock and options ... -- -- -- -- (29,001) -- -- 61,163 32,162
Net loss.............. -- -- -- -- -- (10,917,567) -- -- (10,917,567)
Change in unrealized
loss on securities
available-for-sale... -- -- -- -- -- -- 5,064 -- 5,064
-----------
Comprehensive
income/(loss)........ (10,912,503)
---------- -------- --- ---- ----------- ------------ ------- --------- -----------
Balance at
December 31, 1998.... 9,181,455 91,815 -- -- 84,434,213 (73,422,491) -- (69,149) 11,034,388
Issuance of common
stock for cash--
public offering, net
of issuance costs of
$976,588............. 1,800,000 18,000 -- -- 5,305,412 -- -- -- 5,323,412
Issuance of preferred
stock for cash....... -- -- 5 -- 7,500,000 -- -- -- 7,500,000
Issuance of common
stock and warrants in
exchange for
patents.............. 160,000 1,600 -- -- 1,039,140 -- -- -- 1,040,740
Issuance of common
stock for cash under
stock option plan ... 40,270 403 -- -- 128,256 -- -- -- 128,659
Issuance of common
stock under employee
stock purchase plan.. 64,407 644 -- -- 294,159 -- -- -- 294,803
Issuance of common
stock under 401(k)
plan-stock match..... 17,120 171 -- -- 153,566 -- -- -- 153,737
Expense for repricing
warrants............. -- -- -- -- 42,222 -- -- -- 42,222
Compensation for
issuance of common
stock and options.... -- -- -- -- (2,868) -- -- 28,531 25,663
Net loss.............. -- -- -- -- -- (10,660,581) -- -- (10,660,581)
Change in unrealized
loss on securities
available-for-sale... -- -- -- -- -- -- (2,399) -- (2,399)
-----------
Comprehensive
income/(loss)........ (10,662,980)
---------- -------- --- ---- ----------- ------------ ------- --------- -----------
Balance at December
31, 1999............. 11,263,252 $112,633 5 $-- $98,894,100 $(84,083,072) $(2,399) $ (40,618) $14,880,644
========== ======== === ==== =========== ============ ======= ========= ===========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-4
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended December 31
----------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Operating activities
Net loss............................. $(15,122,094) $(10,917,567) $(10,660,581)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to
net cash used by
operating activities:
Depreciation....................... 1,665,044 1,670,825 1,544,142
Amortization....................... 74,051 92,107 108,230
Equity in loss of unconsolidated
affiliate......................... -- 1,081,771 860,216
Write-off of deferred patent
costs............................. 93,557 11,836 50,232
Compensation related to common
stock and options 280,177 278,150 223,337
Compensation related to issuance of
affiliate's stock -- 81,000 --
Compensation for forgiveness of
notes receivable--related parties 92,466 126,466 102,466
Expense related to warrant
repricing......................... -- -- 42,222
Gain on sale of investment in
corporate partner................. -- (25,045) --
Loss (gain) on disposal of
equipment......................... (1,126) 541 --
Accrued interest included in
convertible debt-related parties.. 52,889 291,723 465,925
Recognition of deferred revenue-
related parties................... -- -- (399,999)
Changes in operating assets and
liabilities:
Accounts receivable.............. 65,978 (3,890,537) 1,868,688
Prepaid expenses and other....... 38,168 90,783 (32,902)
Other assets..................... (277,807) (18,087) 3,924
Accounts payable--trade.......... 351,777 (154,167) 223,795
Accrued liabilities.............. 29,340 150,186 230,010
Deferred revenue--related
parties......................... -- 2,000,000 --
Deferred gain.................... (5,515) -- --
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash used by operating
activities.......................... (12,663,095) (9,130,015) (5,370,295)
Investing activities
Additions to property, plant, and
equipment........................... (2,213,311) (936,395) (1,125,854)
Additions to deferred patent costs... (660,581) (506,994) (415,254)
Purchase of Innovir patents.......... -- -- (28,200)
Sale of investment in corporate
partner............................. -- 275,045 --
Proceeds from sale of equipment...... 2,600 -- --
Net (purchases) sales of securities
available-for-sale.................. 3,748,005 804,680 (4,252,657)
Investment in unconsolidated
affiliate........................... -- (2,022,987) --
Transfer of restricted cash.......... 242,733 52,669 --
Loan repayments--related parties..... 3,000 1,875 33,000
Loan advances--related parties....... (175,000) (50,000) (307,187)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash (used) provided by investing
activities.......................... 947,446 (2,382,107) (6,096,152)
Financing activities
Net proceeds from sale of shares of
common stock and warrants........... 13,346,056 2,798,630 13,202,936
Payments under loan facilities....... (1,480,677) (2,077,771) (498,179)
Borrowings under loan facilities..... 2,254,460 2,000,000 2,000,000
Payments on capital lease
obligations......................... (152,093) -- --
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by financing
activities.......................... 13,967,746 2,720,859 14,704,757
------------ ------------ ------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and
cash equivalents.................... 2,252,097 (8,791,263) 3,238,310
Cash and cash equivalents at
beginning of year................... 13,050,678 15,302,775 6,511,512
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of
year................................ $ 15,302,775 $ 6,511,512 $ 9,749,822
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-5
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 1999
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business
Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (RPI or the Company) was founded in 1992 to
capitalize on the broad potential of ribozymes for use in the development of
human therapeutics and therapeutic target validation services. To date, the
Company has engaged in the research and development of its ribozyme technology
and has experienced significant operating losses in each fiscal year since
inception. The Company has not generated any revenue from the commercialization
of its ribozyme technology and it expects to continue to incur significant
operating losses over at least the next several years.
Capital Requirements and Management's Plans
The Company incurred a net loss of $10,660,581 for the year ended December
31, 1999 and has an accumulated deficit of $84,083,072 at December 31, 1999.
Development of the Company's products will require a commitment of
substantial additional funds to conduct the costly and time-consuming research,
preclinical and clinical testing necessary to bring its proposed products to
market and to establish manufacturing and marketing capabilities. The Company's
future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, among
others, the progress of the Company's research, development and drug discovery
efforts, the ability of the Company to establish collaborative arrangements for
clinical testing, progress with preclinical studies and clinical trials, the
time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals, the costs involved
in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent
claims, competing technological and market developments, changes in the
Company's existing research relationships, determination as to the commercial
potential of the Company's potential products, effective commercialization
activities and arrangements, and the cost and availability of third-party
financing for capital expenditures.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a
maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company's cash
equivalents are comprised of certificates of deposit, money market funds, and
investment securities.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed
by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.
Useful lives of laboratory equipment and furniture are estimated at five years
and all computer equipment is estimated at three years. Leasehold improvements
and equipment subject to financing obligations are amortized on a straight-line
basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the term of the
lease.
F-6
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Deferred Patent Costs
The Company capitalizes legal costs directly incurred in pursuing patent
applications as deferred patent costs. When such applications result in an
issued patent, the related costs are amortized over the remaining legal life of
the patents, using the straight-line method. On a quarterly basis, the Company
reviews its issued patents and pending patent applications, and if it
determines to abandon a patent application or that an issued patent no longer
has economic value, the unamortized balance in deferred patent costs relating
to that patent is immediately expensed.
During 1999, the Company acquired certain pending and issued patents through
the issuance of common stock and warrants, valued at approximately $1.0
million. The cost of these patents has been capitalized and is being treated
consistent with the policies discussed above.
It is possible the above estimates of future economic life of the Company's
commercialization revenues, the amount of anticipated future commercialization
revenues, or both, will be reduced significantly in the near term due to
alternative technologies developed by other biotechnology or pharmaceutical
companies. As a result, the carrying amount of deferred patent costs may be
reduced in the future.
Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable
Revenue from collaborative agreements typically consists of nonrefundable
up-front fees, ongoing research and development funding and milestone, license
fees and other payments. Revenue from nonrefundable up-front fees is recognized
upon signing of the agreement. Revenue from ongoing research and development
funding is recorded as the expenses are incurred. Revenue from milestone,
license fees and other payments will be recognized when earned. Payments
received in advance under these agreements are recorded as deferred revenue
until earned. The Company has no further research commitments from our
collaborators for any revenue recognized. The Company's accounts receivable are
predominately collaborative agreement receivables, and to date, the Company has
not experienced any losses with respect to the collection of its accounts
receivables.
In 1999 and 1998, Chiron accounted for approximately 52% and 70% of
collaborative revenues, respectively. In 1999, 1998 and 1997, Schering AG
accounted for approximately 0%, 22% and 76% of collaborative revenues,
respectively. Revenues from Schering AG and Chiron were for nonrefundable,
ongoing research and development fees.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the December 31, 1997 and 1998 financial statements were
reclassified to conform with the December 31, 1999 presentation. These
reclassifications had no impact on the reported results of operations.
2. Securities Available-for-Sale
At December 31, 1999 management determined that certain marketable
securities held by the Company at December 31, 1999 were available-for-sale.
Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value, with
F-7
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of stockholders' equity.
The amortized cost of debt securities in this category is adjusted for
amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such
amortization is included in investment income. Realized gains and losses and
declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary on securities available-
for-sale are included in investment income. Interest and dividends on
securities available-for-sale are included in investment income. The cost of
securities sold is based on the specific identification method. There were no
gross realized gains or losses on sales of securities available-for-sale in
1999 or 1998.
3. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt as of December 31, 1998 and 1999, consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
Equipment loan (I)................................ $ 698,634 $ 200,455
Convertible debt--related parties (II)............ 4,344,612 6,810,537
---------- -----------
$5,043,246 $ 7,010,992
========== ===========
</TABLE>
- --------
I. In December 1995, the Company negotiated an equipment credit facility of
$2,000,000 with a financial institution. The facility commitment was
terminated on June 30, 1997. The agreement requires monthly principal and
interest payments through November, 2000. The interest rate on these
borrowings was 12% at December 31, 1999 and 1998.
II. In April 1997, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement with a
corporate partner whereby, among other items, the Company may borrow from
the partner up to $2.0 million annually through 2001. The loans are
collaterallized 50% by equipment purchases. The loans carry an interest
rate of 8% per annum and under certain circumstances are convertible into
equity at the option of the corporate partner. Principal and interest
payments on the loans are deferred until maturity of the loans which is in
April 2004. The collaboration and loan facility may be terminated at the
option of the partner any time.
Cash paid for interest for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997
was $84,029, $411,988, and $791,476, respectively. At December 31, 1999 the
carrying amounts of the Company's long-term debt approximates the fair value as
all borrowings bear interest rates which are comparable to the current market
rate for such borrowings.
As of December 31, 1999, maturities of long-term debt are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Amount
-----------
<S> <C>
2000.......................................................... $ 200,455
2001.......................................................... --
2002.......................................................... --
2003.......................................................... --
2004.......................................................... --
Thereafter.................................................. 6,810,537
-----------
$ 7,010,992
===========
</TABLE>
4. Leases
The Company leases office space under a noncancelable operating lease which
was extended until June 2007. Total rent expense, including miscellaneous
laboratory equipment rentals, was $398,452, $493,188, and $443,796 in 1999,
1998 and 1997 respectively.
F-8
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
The Company's operating lease commitments at December 31, 1999 are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
2000........................................................... $ 385,200
2001........................................................... 385,200
2002........................................................... 385,200
2003........................................................... 374,796
2004........................................................... 373,764
2005 and thereafter............................................ 933,120
----------
$2,837,280
==========
</TABLE>
5. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
The Company adopted an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the Purchase Plan),
authorizing the issuance of 300,000 shares pursuant to purchase rights granted
to employees of the Company. The Purchase Plan provides a means by which
employees purchase common stock of the Company through payroll deductions. The
Purchase Plan is implemented by offerings of rights to eligible employees.
Generally, each offering is twenty-four months' duration with purchases
occurring on each October 31 and April 30 during each offering (except that
April 30, 1996 was not a purchase date). Common stock is purchased for accounts
of employees participating in the Purchase Plan at a price per share equal to
the lower of (i) 85% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the
date of commencement of participation in the offering or (ii) 85% of the fair
market value of a share of common stock on the date of purchase. Generally all
regular employees, including executive officers, may participate in the
Purchase Plan and may authorize payroll deduction of up to 15% of their base
compensation for the purchase of stock under the plan. The Company's Board of
Directors has the authority to terminate the Purchase Plan at its discretion.
Shares are deemed issued for accounting purposes in the year the shares are
purchased.
Below is a summary of common stock reserved by the Company at December 31,
1999 for issuance upon the exercise of the various options, warrants and the
401(k) and purchase plans.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES
---------
<S> <C>
Stock option plans.............................................. 1,788,903
Employee stock purchase plan.................................... 135,761
Employee 401(k) stock match..................................... 229,959
Warrants at $9.00 per share..................................... 16,666
Warrants at $12.00 per share.................................... 350,000
Warrants at $15.75 per share.................................... 10,793
Warrants at $22.50 per share.................................... 448,888
Warrants at $40.50 per share.................................... 11,111
---------
2,992,081
=========
</TABLE>
In connection with a loan payoff, in 1999 the Company repriced 16,666 of its
outstanding warrants. The exercise price on those warrants was reduced from
$22.50 per share to $9.00 per share. All warrants are immediately exercisable.
In 1999, expense related to this repricing of $42,222 was recognized.
The Company's ability to pay dividends is restricted by the terms of its
collaborative, convertible debt and equipment loan facility agreements.
F-9
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
6. Stock Option Plans
The Company has established a Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan and an
Incentive Stock Option Plan (collectively, the Plans), under which it is
authorized to grant stock options to purchase up to 1,317,154 shares of the
Company's common stock to eligible employees, consultants, and other
individuals, as defined in the Plans. In each of May 1997 and in May 1999, the
Company's shareholders approved an additional 350,000 shares of the Company's
common stock to be reserved for issuance pursuant to the Plans. Options to
purchase the Company's common stock are exercisable at a price as determined by
the Board of Directors at the time the option is granted, which shall not be
less than 100% of the fair market value (110% in the case of 10 percent
shareholders) at the date of grant. Vesting rights are determined by the Board
of Directors at the time the option is granted and generally the options become
exercisable at twenty percent at the end of each of years one through five. If
not exercised, the options expire after ten years. The Board of Directors has
also granted certain employees options vesting upon achievement of certain
contingent milestone events.
During the third quarter of 1998, the Company offered a repricing of
existing stock options to all of its current employees. Pursuant to the offer,
all non-executive employees were allowed to exchange each existing stock option
for a newly priced stock option one for one, with the new stock options having
an exercise price equal to the current market price of the underlying common
stock. If exchanged, the vesting term would start over beginning on the date of
exchange. A similar offer was given to all executives, except the options were
exchanged at a one for .75 ratio. As a result of the offer, 890,921 options
were canceled and 747,060 options were granted, effective September 18, 1998.
The Company has elected to follow Accounting Principles Board Opinion No.
25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25), and related
Interpretations in accounting for its employee stock options because, as
discussed below, the alternative fair value accounting provided for under FASB
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation (SFAS 123), requires use of option valuation models that were not
developed for use in valuing employee stock options. Under APB 25, if the
exercise price of the Company's employee stock options equals the market price
of the underlying stock on the date of grant, no compensation expense is
recognized. During 1999, 1998 and 1997, the Company recorded $25,663, $32,162,
and $43,453, respectively, of compensation relating to the grant of stock
options and the Antidilution Agreement, all of which relates to pre-IPO
issuances which have been deferred until vesting has been completed.
Pro forma information regarding net income and earnings per share is
required by SFAS 123, which also requires that the information be determined as
if the Company has accounted for its employee stock options under the fair
value method of SFAS 123. The fair value for these options was estimated at the
date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following
weighted-average assumptions for 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively: risk-free
interest rates of 6.1%, 4.7%, and 6.4%; a dividend yield of 0%; volatility
factors of the expected market price of the Company's common stock of .971,
.967, and .638; and a weighted-average expected life of the option of 6 years.
The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during 1999, 1998 and
1997 was $5.42, $4.04, and $5.88, respectively.
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating
the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and are
fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of
highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility.
Because the Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly
different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective
input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in
management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable
single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options.
F-10
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the
options is amortized to expense over the options' vesting period. The Company's
pro forma information follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1999
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Pro forma net loss............ $(16,153,548) $(11,948,280) $(12,071,278)
Pro forma loss per share
(basic and diluted).......... $ (2.18) $ (1.33) $ (1.19)
</TABLE>
Because the SFAS 123 method of accounting has not been applied to options
granted prior to January 1, 1995, the resulting pro forma net loss may not be
representative of that to be expected in future years.
Changes in stock options for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and
1997 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exercise
Options Price
---------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Outstanding at December 31, 1996............... 679,423 $ .45--$19.00
Options granted................................ 604,300 $7.50--$13.50
Options exercised/canceled..................... (64,833) $ .45--$19.00
---------- -------------
Outstanding at December 31, 1997............... 1,218,890 $ .45--$15.25
Options granted................................ 1,174,560 $3.00--$ 8.13
Options exercised/canceled..................... (1,045,878) $ .45--$15.25
---------- -------------
Outstanding at December 31, 1998............... 1,347,572 $ .45--$12.78
Options granted................................ 598,759 $4.13--$11.31
Options exercised/canceled..................... (213,891) $ .45--$12.78
---------- -------------
Outstanding at December 31, 1999............... 1,732,440 $ .45--$12.78
========== =============
</TABLE>
The weighted average exercise price of options outstanding at December 31,
1999, 1998 and 1997 was $6.52, $4.21 and $9.31, respectively.
Stock options vest as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Options
---------
<S> <C>
Currently exercisable........................................... 507,963
2000............................................................ 255,797
2001............................................................ 215,420
2002............................................................ 209,036
2003............................................................ 207,573
2004 and thereafter............................................. 78,651
Contingent vesting.............................................. 258,000
---------
Total......................................................... 1,732,440
=========
</TABLE>
7. Formation of Atugen, an unconsolidated German Affiliate
In 1998, the Company transferred its gene function and target validation
business and technology to Atugen, a separately funded German affiliate.
Financing for Atugen was accomplished through an equity investment of $2.0
million in cash from RPI in 1998, a venture capital investment of $7.0 million
and a commitment by the German government to provide grants and loans of up to
$10.0 million. As a result, at December 31, 1998, RPI retained a 49.5%
ownership in Atugen. In connection with its formation, Atugen
F-11
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
received exclusive royalty-free licenses to RPI patents and technologies for
target validation and discovery in exchange for a one-time $2.0 million payment
which was received by RPI in January 1999. The entire amount of this one-time
payment was deferred at December 31, 1998 and is being amortized over the five-
year term of the license agreement and is reflected in the Company's equity in
earnings.
According to a service agreement executed by both parties, RPI will provide
management support, technologies, facilities and reagents to Atugen for
reasonable fees. RPI will retain rights to develop ribozyme therapeutic agents
against targets validated by Atugen.
In 1998, RPI gave to its officers and certain other employees stock
representing a 5.5% interest in the newly formed Atugen at no personal cost to
the individuals. Atugen is a closely held private company, and accordingly, the
fair value of the share grants was by nature an estimate. The Company estimated
the fair market value of these share grants at the date of such grants to be
$81,000. As a result, the Company's 1998 Statement of Operations includes
$81,000 of compensation related to the share grants.
8. Collaborative Agreements
Chiron
In July 1994, the Company entered into a research and development
collaboration agreement with Chiron to research, develop and market products
directed towards five genetic targets, and all human clinical indications
associated with those targets. The Company and Chiron will share equally in the
costs and profits of any jointly developed products. In addition, Chiron may,
at its option, finance the Company's portion of its Phase II and Phase III drug
development costs for mutually approved programs. The Company retains the
option to reacquire its rights by reimbursing Chiron for such development costs
plus a predetermined risk premium. The term of the research program is five
years, with the terms of the agreement to be extended if products are jointly
developed. As part of this agreement, Chiron made a $10,000,000 equity
investment in the Company.
In 1998, the Company received $5.0 million from Chiron related to the joint
product development of ANGIOZYME. The non recurring payment was a reimbursement
for 50% of past expenses incurred by the Company for the preclinical
development of ANGIOZYME. In addition, the Company recorded revenue from Chiron
of $4,015,010 and $1,048,138, in 1999 and 1998, respectively, for 50% of
ANGIOZYME clinical development expenses incurred by the Company. There are no
future obligations between the Company and Chiron related to revenues which
were fully recognized in 1999 and 1998.
Schering AG, Berlin
On April 9, 1997, the Company entered into a research collaboration with
Schering AG, Berlin, (Schering AG) focusing on the use of ribozymes for
therapeutic target validation, as well as the development of ribozymes as
therapeutic agents. The collaboration will utilize the special selectivity of
ribozymes to validate new molecular therapeutic targets and to discover new
therapeutic agents based on those targets. The Company will provide its
expertise in ribozyme design, synthesis and delivery, and Berlex Laboratories,
Inc., a U.S. subsidiary of Schering AG (Berlex) will provide candidate targets,
cell culture screens, animal models and development and commercialization
expertise to the collaboration. The Company anticipates that hundreds of
potential targets may be examined over a five year period with Berlex having
the option to commercialize products from any validated targets.
Schering AG made an equity investment in the Company in May 1997 of $2.5
million in exchange for 212,766 shares of common stock, and made an additional
equity investment of $2.5 million for 465,117 shares
F-12
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
in April 1998. Separately, Schering AG provided a loan of $2.0 million in each
of years 1997, 1998 and 1999. Schering AG will continue to provide loans of up
to $2.0 million annually for each of the next two years, provided that the
collaboration is continued in each of those years. Amounts not used in any
calendar year may be carried forward to future years. According to the terms of
the Company's agreement with Schering AG, 50% of any borrowings on the line of
credit must be collateralized by equipment purchases. The loans, which carry an
interest rate of 8% per annum, are convertible into equity at the option of
Schering AG under certain circumstances. At December 31, 1999, the outstanding
borrowings of $6.8 million were convertible into approximately 649,000 shares
of the Company's common stock. Principal and interest payments are deferred
until maturity of the loans which is in April 2004. During 1999, the Company
subcontracted the research to Atugen and therefore all subsequent revenues for
work completed has been solely recognized by Atugen. The Company may earn
success fees upon product development milestones and will manufacture synthetic
ribozyme products and receive royalties on sales of both ribozyme and non-
ribozyme products resulting from the collaboration. All such payments are
subject to some restrictions, including receipt of certain third party
consents. Upon payment of termination fees paid to the Company, the research
collaboration may be terminated at Schering AG's option any time.
Eli Lilly and Company
In March 1999, the Company entered into a collaboration with Eli Lilly and
Company (Eli Lilly) to conduct research, development and commercialization of
the Company's ribozyme for the treatment of Hepatitis C virus infection (the
anti-HCV ribozyme). Under the terms of the agreement, the Company received
approximately $9.2 million in 1999, which included $1.7 million of funding for
research and clinical trial expenses and a $7.5 million equity investment
purchasing five shares of the Company's non-voting convertible Series L
preferred stock which was completed in April 1999. Each share of Series L
convertible preferred stock is convertible into shares of the Company's common
stock based upon milestones related to the development and commercialization of
the anti-HCV ribozyme. Under certain circumstances, if the Company commences
phase II clinical trials prior to March 17, 2002, each share of Series L
preferred stock will convert into $500,000 of common stock valued at the
average closing price 30 days prior to conversion. If, however, the Company
fails to commence phase II clinical trials prior to March 17, 2002, each share
of Series L preferred stock will convert into $1.5 million of common stock
valued at the average closing price of the Company's common stock 30 days prior
to conversion. In addition to equity and research funding, the Company may
receive success fees related to various development milestones and royalties on
future sales of products developed related to the collaboration. Eli Lilly will
receive the exclusive worldwide commercialization rights to products that
result from this collaboration, including the anti-HCV ribozyme product. The
Company has retained certain rights to manufacture anti-HCV riboyzme products
resulting from the collaboration.
9. Commitments and Contingency
At the core of the Company's technology are inventions and patents of the
University of Colorado (CU) which were developed by Dr. Thomas R. Cech and
various associates of Dr. Cech. Pursuant to the policies of CU, these
inventions and the patents issued thereon, (the Cech Technology) became the
property of CU. The Cech Technology was assigned to CU's affiliate, University
Research Corporation (URC), which in turn assigned the rights to license
certain of the Cech Technology to Competitive Technologies, Inc. (CTI),
formerly known as University Patents, Inc. United States Biochemical
Corporation (USB) licensed the Cech Technology pursuant to two sublicenses. One
of these sublicenses was for the Cech Technology held by CTI. In November 1996,
USB assigned to the Company its rights under the sublicense from CTI and the
Company entered into an amended and restated license with CTI. The Company also
has obtained a license from URC and a sublicense from USB for other Cech
Technology held by URC. The CTI license, URC license and USB sublicense
together grant the Company the exclusive (except for non-commercial academic
research) worldwide right,
F-13
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
among other things, to make, use and sell RNA enzymes covered by licensed
patents and products incorporating them. The URC license and USB sublicense are
fully paid. The CTI license provides for the payment of a royalty on sales of
products incorporating RNA enzymes, covered by licensed patents, and for
certain minimum annual royalties. The Company may grant sublicenses to the
licensed technology subject to the payment to CTI of a share of royalty income
from such sublicenses or a royalty on sales from sublicensed products, methods
or services, depending on the particular licensed patents involved. In
addition, the Company must pay CTI a share of any option fee, license fee,
prepaid royalty or other front-end fee other than research and development
funding paid in connection with such sublicense. At the Company's discretion,
the payment may be in either cash or equity.
The Company, along with one or more of its officers or directors, are
defendants in several related lawsuits which purport to be class actions on
behalf of purchasers of common stock of the Company on November 16 and 17,
1999. The lawsuits, which are substantially identical, allege the defendants
violated certain federal securities laws based upon an allegedly misleading
announcement made on November 15, 1999. The cases have been consolidated in the
United States District Court, District of Colorado. No discovery has occurred,
and only limited discovery is expected to occur pending ruling on preliminary
motions. Based on current information, the Company believes the suits to be
without merit.
10. Related Party Transactions
At December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, the Company had a total of $295,000,
$280,932 and $320,000, respectively, of non-interest bearing loans due from
executive officers. The balances may be forgiven by the Company under certain
employment agreement provisions. The loan balances are forgivable or payable to
the Company under various terms not to exceed 5 years. The Company forgave
$88,000, $126,466 and $80,000 of these loans during each of the years ending
December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
11. Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standard No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS 109).
Under the provisions of SFAS 109, a deferred tax liability or asset (net of a
valuation allowance) is provided in the financial statements by applying the
provisions of applicable tax laws to measure the deferred tax consequences of
temporary differences that will result in net taxable or deductible amounts in
future years as a result of events recognized in the financial statements in
the current or preceding years.
F-14
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
At December 31, 1999, the Company has the following net operating loss and
tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Research
Net and State
Operating Development Investment
Expiration Date Losses Credits Credits
--------------- ----------- ----------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
2000................................... $ -- $ -- $11,000
2001................................... -- -- 6,000
2007................................... 3,506,000 101,000 --
2008................................... 7,363,000 185,000 --
2009................................... 9,239,000 316,000 --
2010................................... 11,953,000 139,000 --
2011................................... 15,125,000 181,000 --
2012................................... 15,291,000 296,000 --
2018................................... 10,109,000 475,000 --
2019................................... 10,708,000 408,000 --
----------- ---------- -------
Total................................ $83,294,000 $2,101,000 $17,000
=========== ========== =======
</TABLE>
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 contains provisions that limit the utilization of
net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards if there has been a change of
ownership as described in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Such a
change of ownership may limit the Company's utilization of its net operating
loss and tax credit carryforwards, and could have been triggered by the
Company's initial public offering or by subsequent sales of securities by the
Company or its shareholders.
The components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities, net of
taxes, as of December 31, 1998 and 1999 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
------------ -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards......... $ 27,095,000 $ 31,069,000
Research and development and state
investment credit carryforwards......... 1,548,000 2,118,000
Depreciation............................. 639,000 592,000
Equity in loss of unconsolidated
affiliate............................... 404,000 724,000
Other.................................... 30,000 23,000
------------ -------------
29,716,000 34,526,000
Valuation allowance...................... (28,610,000) (32,716,000)
------------ -------------
Net deferred tax assets.................. 1,106,000 1,810,000
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred patent costs.................... 1,084,000 1,178,000
Deferred income.......................... -- 597,000
Other.................................... 22,000 35,000
------------ -------------
Total deferred tax liabilities........... 1,106,000 1,810,000
------------ -------------
$ -- $ --
============ =============
</TABLE>
F-15
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
12. Employee Savings Plan
The Company has a 401(k) plan which allows participants to contribute 1% to
15% of their salary, subject to eligibility requirements and annual limits. The
Board may, at its sole discretion, approve matching contributions with the
Company's common stock. In 1999, 1998 and 1997, the Board approved a 50% common
stock match equal to total participant deferrals made in each respective year.
The Company stock match is subject to vesting restrictions.
13. Subsequent Events
Joint Venture
In January 2000, the Company formed a joint venture with Elan for the
development and commercialization of HERZYME, the Company's product to treat
breast and other cancers. As part of this arrangement, the Company licensed
HERZYME and Elan licensed its MEDIPAD(R) drug delivery technology to the joint
venture, Medizyme Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (Medizyme). The MEDIPAD(R) system is a
disposable continuous subcutaneous drug delivery system which allows a patient
to administer the drug at home.
Initial funding of Medizyme included $12.0 million from the Company and $3.0
million from Elan. The Company's $12.0 million capital contribution was funded
by the sale to Elan of (i) 12,105 shares of the Company's Series A convertible
exchangeable preferred stock (the Series A Preferred Stock), (ii) a warrant to
purchase up to 200,000 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise
price of $15.00 per share with a term of two years, and (iii) a warrant to
purchase up to 300,000 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise
price of $20.00 per share with a term of seven years. The Series A Preferred
Stock has a stated dividend rate of 6.0% which is payable semi-annually through
the issuance of additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock at a nominal
value of $1,000 per share.
As a result of Medizyme's initial capitalization, the Company owns 80.1% of
the outstanding capital stock of Medizyme and Elan owns 19.9%. However, Elan
can exchange, at its option, all of its shares of the Company's Series A
Preferred Stock for 30.1% of RPI's interest in Medizyme. After such redemption,
Elan would own 50% of the then outstanding capital stock of Medizyme. Elan also
has the option of converting its shares of the Company's Series A Preferred
Stock into approximately 1,200,000 shares of RPI's common stock.
Medizyme paid Elan in cash a $15.0 million non-refundable license fee for
the MEDIPAD(R) drug delivery technology. As a result of this licensing
transaction, it is likely that Medizyme will capitalize the entire license fee
and amortize the balance over the three year term of the agreement. The Company
estimates that funding for Medizyme will require approximately $15.0 million in
additional operating and development costs. In connection with expected funding
requirements, Elan has agreed to provide the Company with a $12.0 million credit
facility to fund the Company's pro rata portion of Medizyme's operating costs
over the development period, which is expected to be 30 months. The debt has a
12% rate and may be converted into shares of the Company's Series B convertible
preferred stock (the Series B Preferred Stock), which ultimately is convertible
into shares of the Company's common stock at a 50% premium to the average price
of its common stock for the 60 days prior to the time of the applicable draw
down on the credit facility. The Series B Preferred Stock has a stated dividend
rate of 12%, which is payable semi-annually through the issuance of additional
shares of Series A Preferred Stock at a nominal value of $1,000 per share.
Also in connection with the Medizyme joint venture, Elan purchased 641,026
shares of the Company's common stock for a purchase price of $5.0 million. Elan
has committed to purchase an additional $5.0 million of common stock in 15
months at a share price that is at a premium to the average closing price for
the 45 trading days preceding the purchase, but not less than such 45 trading
day average. The price is also based on the achievement of certain milestones.
F-16
<PAGE>
RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
The joint venture agreement provides for equal representation by the Company
and Elan in the operating and management decisions of Medizyme. The Company
will account for its investment in Medizyme under the equity method.
Purchase Commitment
In January 2000, the Company entered into a manufacturing agreement whereby
the Company transferred its proprietary manufacturing processes and
intellectual property to enable the manufacturing of its ribozyme products.
Pursuant to this agreement, the Company must purchase minimum quantities of
ribozymes over the next three years, which represents a significant majority of
the expected usage during that time.
F-17
<PAGE>
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Auditors
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on
Form S-8 (No. 333-07135 and No. 333-28991) pertaining to the Employee Stock
Purchase Plan, the 1996 Stock Option Plan and 401(k) Salary Reduction Plan and
Trust of Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc., of our report dated February 9, 2000,
with respect to the financial statements of Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1999.
/s/ERNST & YOUNG LLP
March 1, 2000
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<PAGE>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS OF RIBOZYME PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1999
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1999
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1999
<CASH> 9,749,822
<SECURITIES> 4,250,259
<RECEIVABLES> 2,029,893
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 0
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 16,286,545
<PP&E> 12,251,790
<DEPRECIATION> 8,447,884
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 25,092,099
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 2,200,917
<BONDS> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 112,633
<OTHER-SE> 14,768,011
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 25,092,099
<SALES> 0
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 7,664,398
<CGS> 0
<TOTAL-COSTS> 0
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 15,394,602
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 551,954
<INCOME-PRETAX> (10,660,581)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> (10,660,581)
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (10,660,581)
<EPS-BASIC> (1.05)
<EPS-DILUTED> (1.05)
</TABLE>
