<PAGE>
<PAGE>
FILED PURSUANT TO RULE 424(b)(4)
REGISTRATION NO. 333-52655
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(TO PROSPECTUS DATED AUGUST 27, 1998)
$125,000,000
[LOGO]
AMTRAN, INC.
9 5/8% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2005
------------------------
Interest payable on June 15 and December 15
------------------------
AMTRAN, INC. MAY REDEEM ANY OF THE NOTES BEGINNING ON JUNE 15, 2003. THE INITIAL
REDEMPTION PRICE IS 104.813% OF THEIR PRINCIPAL AMOUNT PLUS ACCRUED INTEREST. IN
ADDITION, BEFORE JUNE 15, 2001, AMTRAN, INC. MAY REDEEM UP TO 35% OF THE NOTES
AT A REDEMPTION PRICE OF 109.625% OF THEIR PRINCIPAL AMOUNT PLUS ACCRUED
INTEREST USING PROCEEDS FROM SALES OF COMMON STOCK.
------------------------
THE NOTES WILL BE UNCONDITIONALLY GUARANTEED BY AMERICAN TRANS AIR, INC.,
AMBASSADAIR TRAVEL CLUB, INC., ATA VACATIONS, INC., AMBER TRAVEL, INC.,
AMERICAN TRANS AIR TRAINING CORPORATION, AMERICAN TRANS AIR EXECUJET,
INC. AND AMBER AIR FREIGHT CORPORATION. THE NOTES AND THE GUARANTEES
WILL RANK EQUALLY WITH THE OTHER UNSECURED SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS OF
AMTRAN, INC. AND THE GUARANTORS. THE NOTES AND THE GUARANTEES
WILL BE JUNIOR TO THE SECURED INDEBTEDNESS OF AMTRAN, INC.
AND THE GUARANTORS TO THE EXTENT OF THE SECURITY.
FOR A MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES, SEE 'DESCRIPTION OF
NOTES' BEGINNING ON PAGE S-74.
------------------------
INVESTING IN THE NOTES INVOLVES RISKS. SEE 'SUPPLEMENTAL RISK FACTORS'
BEGINNING ON PAGE S-9 OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND 'RISK
FACTORS' ON PAGE 5 OF THE ATTACHED PROSPECTUS.
------------------------
PRICE 100% AND ACCRUED INTEREST, IF ANY
------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNDERWRITING
PRICE TO DISCOUNTS AND PROCEEDS TO
PUBLIC COMMISSIONS COMPANY
--------------- -------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Per Note............................... 100.00% 2.60% 97.40%
Total.................................. $125,000,000 $3,250,000 $121,750,000
</TABLE>
The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not
approved or disapproved these securities, or determined if this prospectus
supplement or the accompanying prospectus are truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated expects to deliver the notes to purchasers on
December 11, 1998.
------------------------
MORGAN STANLEY DEAN WITTER
SALOMON SMITH BARNEY
CIBC OPPENHEIMER
FIRST CHICAGO CAPITAL MARKETS, INC.
December 8, 1998
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<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PAGE
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<S> <C>
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
Summary....................................... S-3
Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating
Data........................................ S-7
Supplemental Risk Factors..................... S-9
Capitalization................................ S-11
Use of Proceeds............................... S-12
Selected Consolidated Financial Data.......... S-13
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of
Operations.................................. S-16
Business...................................... S-59
Management.................................... S-72
Certain Related Party Transactions............ S-73
Description of Notes.......................... S-74
Underwriters.................................. S-102
Legal Matters................................. S-102
Experts....................................... S-103
PROSPECTUS
Disclosures Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements.................................. 2
Available Information......................... 2
Incorporation of Certain Documents by
Reference................................... 3
The Company................................... 3
The Guarantors................................ 4
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges............ 4
Risk Factors.................................. 5
Use of Proceeds............................... 14
Description of Debt Securities................ 14
Description of Preferred Stock................ 21
Description of Common Stock................... 22
Selling Shareholders.......................... 25
Certain Related Party Transactions............ 27
Plan of Distribution.......................... 28
Legal Matters................................. 28
Experts....................................... 29
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements.... F-1
</TABLE>
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to
provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We are offering to sell the notes
and seeking offers to buy the notes only in jurisdictions where offers and sales
are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus
supplement regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement and
the accompanying prospectus or any sale of the notes.
S-2
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<PAGE>
SUMMARY
You should read the following summary together with the more detailed
information regarding the Company and the notes being sold in this offering and
our financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this
prospectus supplement. In this prospectus supplement, references to the
'Company' mean Amtran, Inc. and its subsidiaries, references to 'Amtran' mean
Amtran, Inc. and references to 'ATA' mean American Trans Air, Inc.
THE COMPANY
The Company owns ATA, the eleventh largest passenger airline in the United
States (based on 1997 revenues) and a leading provider of airline services in
selected market segments. The Company is also the largest commercial charter
airline in the United States and the largest charter provider of passenger
airline services to the U.S. military, in each case based on revenues. For the
nine months ended September 30, 1998, the revenues of the Company consisted of
54% scheduled service, 25% commercial charter service and 14% military charter
service, with the balance derived from related travel services.
SCHEDULED SERVICE
The Company provides scheduled service through ATA to selected destinations
primarily from its gateways at Chicago-Midway and Indianapolis and also provides
transpacific services between the western United States and Hawaii. In the
second and third quarters of 1998, the Company added scheduled service between
Chicago-Midway and Dallas, Denver, New York-LaGuardia and San Juan. The Company
focuses on routes where it believes it can be a leading provider of non-stop
service and targets leisure and value-oriented business travelers. In the first
quarter of 1998, the Company was the leading carrier on over 73% of its non-stop
scheduled service routes and one of the top two carriers on over 96% of its
non-stop scheduled service routes (based on the most recently available
Department of Transportation ('DOT') statistics).
The Company believes that it has significant competitive advantages in each
of its primary markets:
Chicago-Midway, the Company's largest and fastest growing gateway,
represented approximately 51% of the Company's total scheduled
service capacity in the first nine months of 1998. The Company is the
number one carrier in terms of market share in 13 out of its 14
non-stop routes from Chicago-Midway. The Company's market position is
enhanced by Chicago-Midway's proximity to downtown Chicago and the
fact that for a substantial population within the metropolitan region
Chicago-Midway is the most convenient airport, as well as continuing
air traffic constraints at Chicago-O'Hare.
Hawaii represented approximately 23% of the Company's total scheduled
service capacity in the first nine months of 1998. The Company
believes it is the lowest cost provider of scheduled service between
the western United States and Hawaii, which is critical in this price
sensitive, predominantly leisure-oriented market. Furthermore,
approximately 80% of the Company's capacity in the Hawaiian market is
contracted to the nation's largest independent Hawaiian tour
operator, which assumes capacity, yield and fuel risk.
Indianapolis represented approximately 16% of the Company's total
scheduled service capacity in the first nine months of 1998. The
Company is the number one provider in terms of market share in 7 of
its 8 non-stop routes from Indianapolis. In Indianapolis, the Company
operates Ambassadair Travel Club, Inc. ('Ambassadair'), the nation's
largest travel club with approximately 35,000 individual or family
memberships, providing the Company with a local marketing advantage
similar to a frequent flier program.
S-3
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<PAGE>
COMMERCIAL CHARTER SERVICE
The Company is the largest commercial charter airline in the United States
and provides services throughout the world, primarily to U.S., South American
and European tour operators. The Company seeks to maximize the profitability of
these operations by leveraging its leading market position, diverse aircraft
fleet and worldwide operating capability. Management believes its commercial
charter services are a predictable source of revenues and operating profits in
part because its commercial charter contracts require tour operators to assume
capacity, yield and fuel price risk, and also because of the Company's ability
to re-deploy assets into favorable markets.
MILITARY/GOVERNMENT CHARTER SERVICE
The Company has provided passenger airline services to the U.S. military
since 1983 and is currently the largest charter provider of these services.
Management believes that because these operations are generally less seasonal
than leisure travel, they have tended to have a stabilizing impact on the
Company's operating margins. The U.S. government awards one year contracts for
its military charter business and pre-negotiates contract prices for each type
of aircraft that a carrier makes available.
STRATEGY
The Company intends to enhance its position as a leading provider of
passenger airline services to selected markets where it can capitalize on its
competitive strengths. The key components of this strategy are:
Participate in Markets Where it Can be a Leader. In scheduled service,
the Company concentrates on routes where it can be the number one or number
two carrier by offering superior non-stop schedules, value-oriented service
and certain airport and aircraft advantages. The Company is the leading
provider of commercial and military charter services in large part because
of its variety of aircraft types, superior operational performance and its
worldwide service capability.
Maintain Low Cost Position. For the first nine months of 1998, the
Company's operating cost per available seat mile ('ASM') of 5.99[c] was the
lowest among large U.S. passenger airlines. The Company believes that its
low cost structure provides a significant competitive advantage, allowing
it to operate profitably while pricing competitively in the scheduled
service and commercial and military charter markets.
Target Growth Opportunities. The Company intends to expand its
operations selectively in areas where it believes it can achieve attractive
financial returns.
Charter Expansion. The Company is acquiring five long-range Lockheed
L-1011-500 aircraft primarily for commercial and military charter
service, whose low cost and high seating capacity will enable the
Company to compete for business that it cannot now accommodate (e.g.,
non-stop service to South American, European and Asian destinations).
Scheduled Service Expansion at Chicago-Midway. The Company plans to
increase frequencies and add three additional destinations from its
Chicago-Midway gateway over the next 18 months, and to support this
expansion by adding 2 Boeing 757-200 aircraft to its fleet.
Selected Acquisitions. The Company continually evaluates possible
acquisitions of related businesses or interests therein to enhance
its competitive position in its market segments. Among other things,
it is negotiating the acquisition of the 50% interest that it does
not currently own in its air cargo operation.
RISK FACTORS
See 'Supplemental Risk Factors' below and 'Risk Factors' in the
accompanying prospectus for a discussion of certain factors relating to the
Company, its business and the Notes.
S-4
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<PAGE>
THE OFFERING
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Securities Offered........................ $125,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 9 5/8% Senior Notes due
December 15, 2005, issued by the Company.
Maturity.................................. December 15, 2005
Interest.................................. Interest on the Notes is payable semiannually in cash on June 15 and
December 15, commencing on June 15, 1999.
Optional Redemption....................... The Company may redeem any of the Notes at any time on or after June
15, 2003, initially at 104.813% of their principal amount, plus
accrued interest, declining to 100% of their principal amount, plus
accrued and unpaid interest at maturity.
In addition, at any time prior to June 15, 2001, the Company may
redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes
with the proceeds of sales of common stock by the Company at a
redemption price of 109.625% of their principal amount plus accrued
interest; provided that at least $81.25 million aggregate principal
amount of Notes remains outstanding after each such redemption.
Change of Control......................... Upon a change of control the Company will be required to make an
offer to purchase the Notes. The purchase price will equal 101% of
the principal amount of the Notes on the date of purchase plus
accrued interest. The Company may not have sufficient funds
available at the time of any change in control to make any required
debt repayment (including repurchases of the Notes).
Ranking................................... The Notes will rank equally with all unsecured, unsubordinated
indebtedness of the Company, will be effectively subordinated to
all secured indebtedness to the extent of such security and will be
senior to any subordinated indebtedness of the Company. At
September 30, 1998, assuming this offering had been completed at
that time, the Company and the Guarantors on a consolidated basis
would have had outstanding approximately $305.7 million of
indebtedness, approximately $74.9 million of which would have been
secured.
Guarantees................................ All payments with respect to the Notes (including principal and
interest) are fully, unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed on
a senior basis, jointly and severally, by the subsidiaries of the
Company listed on the front cover of this Prospectus Supplement as
guarantors (collectively, the 'Guarantors'). Such guarantees (the
'Guarantees') will rank equally with all unsecured senior
indebtedness of the Guarantors, will be effectively subordinated to
all secured indebtedness of the Guarantors to the extent of such
security and will be senior in right of payment to any subordinated
indebtedness of the Guarantors. At September 30, 1998, on a pro
forma basis after giving effect to the Offering and the application
of the net proceeds, the
</TABLE>
S-5
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<S> <C>
Guarantors (on a consolidated basis excluding indebtedness owed to
the Company and indebtedness of Amtran, Inc.), would have had
approximately $305.7 million of indebtedness outstanding (other
than the Guarantees), $74.9 million of which would have been
secured indebtedness.
Certain Covenants......................... The terms of the Notes restrict the Company's ability and the ability
of certain of its subsidiaries (as described in 'Description of
Notes') to:
incur additional indebtedness
pay dividends or other types of payments affecting restricted
subsidiaries
issue or sell stock of restricted subsidiaries
issue guarantees by restricted subsidiaries
enter into transactions with shareholders or affiliates
create liens
engage in sale-leaseback transactions
sell assets
effect a consolidation or merger
However, these limitations will be subject to a number of important
qualifications and exceptions.
</TABLE>
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds of the offering (the 'Offering') of the 9 5/8% Senior
Notes due 2005 (the 'Notes') are estimated to be approximately $121 million. The
net proceeds from the Offering will be used by the Company to finance the
acquisition of additional Lockheed L-1011-500 aircraft, engines and spare parts
from a third party. The balance of the net proceeds will be used, together with
bank borrowings and available cash, for the purchase of Boeing 727-200ADV
aircraft, engines, engine hushkits and spare parts currently leased to the
Company. See 'Use of Proceeds.'
S-6
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<PAGE>
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA
The following summary consolidated financial data are derived from the
consolidated financial statements of the Company for the periods presented. The
consolidated financial statements for each of the five years ended December 31,
1997, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors. The
consolidated financial data for the nine month periods ended September 30, 1997
and 1998 are unaudited but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal
recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a
fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for these
periods. The results for the nine months ended September 30, 1998 are not
necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The
consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated
financial statements of the Company and notes thereto and 'Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations'
included elsewhere in this Prospectus Supplement.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS
ENDED
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, SEPTEMBER 30,
------------------------------------------------------ -------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(UNAUDITED)
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT RATIOS AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Operating revenues:
Scheduled service..................... $138,089 $240,675 $361,967 $386,488 $371,762 $271,282 $384,456
Commercial charter service............ 213,666 204,045 229,545 226,372 228,062 184,912 178,468
Military charter service.............. 78,366 91,845 77,546 84,197 131,115 104,016 99,295
Ground package........................ 17,189 20,248 20,421 22,302 22,317 16,347 17,629
Other................................. 20,599 23,709 25,530 31,492 29,937 20,705 30,335
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total operating revenues......... 467,909 580,522 715,009 750,851 783,193 597,262 710,183
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Depreciation and amortization.............. 37,418 46,178 55,827 61,661 62,468 45,994 58,293
Operating income (loss)(1)................. 6,620 8,415 17,936 (36,056) 13,484 14,076 70,950
Interest expense........................... 3,872 3,656 4,163 4,465 9,454 5,835 9,671
Income (loss) before income taxes.......... 3,866 5,879 14,653 (39,581) 6,027 9,412 64,768
Net income (loss).......................... 3,035 3,486 8,524 (26,674) 1,572 4,220 38,627
Net income (loss) per share-diluted(2)..... 0.28 0.30 0.74 (2.31) 0.13 0.36 2.99
BALANCE SHEET DATA (AT END OF PERIOD):
Cash....................................... $ 45,024 $ 61,752 $ 92,741 $ 73,382 $104,196 $ 82,208 $110,807
Non-cash working capital (deficiency)(3)... (48,601) (68,166) (80,639) (65,573) (100,731) (80,204) (115,171)
Property and equipment, net................ 172,244 223,104 240,768 224,540 267,681 267,096 323,880
Total assets............................... 269,830 346,288 413,137 369,601 450,857 422,816 520,411
Total debt................................. 79,332 118,106 138,247 149,371 191,804 178,842 180,739
Shareholders' equity(4).................... 69,941 72,753 81,185 54,744 56,990 59,409 97,955
OTHER FINANCIAL DATA:
EBITDAR(5)................................. $ 89,584 $103,868 $130,381 $ 91,972 $132,390 $102,999 $171,981
EBITDA(5).................................. 45,156 55,713 74,643 26,545 77,949 61,241 132,732
Net cash provided by operating
activities............................... 33,896 75,297 87,078 32,171 99,936 70,732 131,870
Net cash used in investing activities...... (37,440) (80,400) (44,032) (63,161) (76,055) (60,652) (115,640)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing
activities............................... 12,849 21,831 (12,057) 11,631 6,933 (1,254) (9,619)
Ratio of earnings to fixed
charges(6)............................... 1.24 1.32 1.60 -- 1.19 1.45 3.70
Deficiency of earnings available to cover
fixed carges(6).......................... -- -- -- $ 40,931 -- -- --
SELECTED OPERATING DATA FOR PASSENGER
SERVICE(7):
ASMs (millions)(8)......................... 8,232.5 10,443.1 12,521.4 13,295.5 12,647.7 9,731.1 10,676.9
Revenue passenger miles (millions)(9)...... 5,593.5 7,158.8 8,907.7 9,172.4 8,986.0 7,055.9 7,663.1
Passenger load factor(10).................. 67.9% 68.6% 71.1% 69.0% 71.0% 72.5% 71.8%
Revenue per ASM(8)......................... 5.68[c] 5.56[c] 5.71[c] 5.65[c] 6.19[c] 6.14[c] 6.65[c]
Operating expense per ASM(8)(11)........... 5.60[c] 5.48[c] 5.56[c] 5.92[c] 6.09[c] 5.99[c] 5.99[c]
Block hours flown(12)...................... 76,542 103,657 126,295 138,114 139,426 104,683 122,219
Total aircraft............................. 31 41 46 45 45 45 46
</TABLE>
(footnotes on next page)
S-7
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(1) In the third quarter of 1996, the Company recorded a $4.7 million loss on
the disposal of leased assets associated with both Boeing 757-200 aircraft
transactions. See 'Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations.'
(2) In 1997, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement
128, 'Earnings Per Share,' which establishes new standards for the
calculation and disclosure of earnings per share. All earnings per share
amounts disclosed in this Summary have been restated to conform to the new
standards under Statement 128.
(3) Non-cash working capital consists of total current assets (excluding cash)
less total current liabilities (excluding current maturities of long term
debt).
(4) No dividends were paid in any of the periods presented.
(5) EBITDAR represents net income plus interest expense (net of capitalized
interest), income tax expense, depreciation, amortization and aircraft
rentals. EBITDA represents net income plus interest expense (net of
capitalized interest), income tax expense, depreciation and amortization.
EBITDAR and EBITDA are presented because each is a widely accepted
financial indicator of a company's ability to incur and service debt.
However, EBITDAR and EBITDA should not be considered in isolation, as a
substitute for net income or cash flow data prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles or as a measure of a company's
profitability or liquidity.
(6) The 'ratio of earnings to fixed charges' represents earnings divided by
fixed charges, as defined in the following paragraph. The 'deficiency'
represents the amount of fixed charges in excess of earnings.
For purposes of these computations, earnings consist of income (loss)
before income taxes, plus fixed charges, adjusted to exclude the amount of
any interest capitalized during the period. Fixed charges include the total
of: (i) interest, whether expensed or capitalized; (ii) amortization of
debt expense relating to any indebtedness, whether expensed or capitalized;
and (iii) such portion of rental expense as can be demonstrated to be
representative of the interest factor.
(7) The operating data (exclusive of the number of aircraft), include the
operations of Chicago Express, Inc. ('Chicago Express') with which the
Company has a code share arrangement under which Chicago Express operates
19-seat Jetstream 31 propeller aircraft on behalf of the Company out of
Chicago-Midway (the 'Chicago Express Arrangement'). See 'Business -- The
Company's Airline Operations.'
(8) 'Available seat miles' or 'ASMs' represent the number of seats available
for sale to passengers multiplied by the number of miles those seats are
flown.
(9) 'Revenue passenger miles' or 'RPMs' represent the number of seats occupied
by revenue passengers multiplied by the number of miles those seats are
flown.
(10) 'Passenger load factor' represents revenue passenger miles divided by
available seat miles.
(11) 'Operating expense per ASM' for any period represents the amount determined
by dividing total operating expense for such period by the total ASMs for
such period.
(12) 'Block hours flown' for any aircraft represents the elapsed time computed
from the moment the aircraft first moves under its own power from the
boarding ramp at one airport to the time it comes to rest at the boarding
ramp of the next point of landing.
S-8
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<PAGE>
SUPPLEMENTAL RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors supplement the 'Risk Factors' which begin on
page 5 of the attached prospectus. You should carefully consider the risks
described below and those contained in the attached prospectus before making an
investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the
only ones facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently
known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business
operations.
If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial
condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
This prospectus supplement also contains forward-looking statements that
involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from
those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain
factors, including the risks faced by us described below and elsewhere in this
prospectus supplement.
SUBSTANTIAL LEVERAGE
At September 30, 1998, on a consolidated basis, the Company had
approximately $180.7 million of outstanding debt, approximately $74.9 million of
which was secured. Total shareholders' equity of the Company on a consolidated
basis as of September 30, 1998 was approximately $98.0 million. In addition, the
Company has substantial obligations under operating leases for aircraft. These
debt and lease obligations represent significant financial leverage, even in the
highly leveraged airline industry.
The degree to which the Company is leveraged could, among other things:
Impair its ability to obtain additional financing for working capital,
capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes;
Make it more vulnerable than some of its competitors in a prolonged
economic downturn;
Restrict its ability to exploit new business opportunities and limit its
flexibility to respond to changing business conditions.
Affect its competitive position since it may be more highly leveraged than
some of its competitors.
NEED TO FINANCE ONGOING CAPITAL EXPENDITURES AND DEBT SERVICE
The Company requires significant levels of continuing capital investment
for aircraft, engine, and airframe maintenance to maintain its competitive
position and expand its operations. The Company also generally expects to
refinance its long term debt at or prior to its maturity. The Company currently
expects that capital expenditures for scheduled maintenance for 1999 will total
approximately $98.1 million. The Company also expects to incur capital
expenditures in 1999 of approximately $120.1 million for acquisitions of
additional aircraft and renovations of the Chicago-Midway terminal and hangar
and the Indianapolis maintenance and operations center. If the Company is unable
to obtain sufficient financing for capital expenditures and to refinance
maturing debt, its operations and ability to pay debt service may be adversely
affected.
RESTRICTIONS UNDER FINANCING AGREEMENTS AND OPERATING LEASES
The agreements relating to the Company's outstanding indebtedness and
certain of its aircraft operating leases impose significant operating and
financial restrictions on the Company. For example, the existing bank credit
facility is collateralized by liens on certain Company-owned Lockheed L-1011
aircraft and engines and requires the Company to maintain compliance with
certain financial ratios. In addition, the credit facility and the indenture
relating to the 10 1/2% senior notes due 2004 prohibit or restrict in many
respects the Company's ability to incur additional indebtedness, create material
liens on its assets, sell assets or engage in mergers or consolidations, redeem
or repurchase outstanding debt, make certain investments, pay cash dividends or
engage in other significant transactions. The Indenture for the Notes will
contain similar restrictions. The Company's indentures generally do not limit
the ability of the Company to enter into aircraft leases accounted for as
operating leases.
S-9
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<PAGE>
The Company's ability to comply with any of these restrictions and with
loan repayment provisions will depend upon its future performance, which will be
subject to prevailing economic conditions and other factors, including factors
beyond the Company's control. A failure to comply with any of these obligations
could result in an event of default under one or more of such agreements and
operating leases, which could permit acceleration of the debt under the
Company's principal financing agreements and termination of the Company's
aircraft operating leases, some of which contain cross-default or
cross-acceleration provisions.
PAYMENT UPON A CHANGE OF CONTROL
Upon a change of control (as defined) of the Company, each holder of the
Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes at
101% of the principal amount of the Notes, together with accrued and unpaid
interest to the date of repurchase. In such circumstances, the Company may not
have the financial resources to repay the Notes, its credit facilities and any
other indebtedness that would become payable upon the occurrence of such change
of control. The 'Repurchase of Notes upon a Change of Control' covenant
requiring the Company to repurchase the Notes will, unless consents are
obtained, require the Company to repay all indebtedness then outstanding which
by its terms would prohibit such Note repurchase. See 'Description of Notes --
Repurchase of Notes upon a Change of Control.'
S-10
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth (i) the unaudited actual consolidated cash
and capitalization of the Company at September 30, 1998 and (ii) such cash and
capitalization as adjusted for the Offering. See 'Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Liquidity and
Capital Resources' and 'Use of Proceeds.'
This table should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial
Statements and related notes thereto.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT SEPTEMBER 30, 1998
-----------------------
ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED
-------- -----------
(UNAUDITED)
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Cash(1)....................................................................... $110,807 $ 231,807
-------- -----------
-------- -----------
Short-term debt (consisting of current maturities of long-term debt).......... $ 6,477 $ 6,477
-------- -----------
Long-term debt
Secured note due October 1999............................................ 25,048 25,048
Secured bank debt, due 2001(1)........................................... 25,000 25,000
Secured bank debt, due 2002.............................................. 3,900 3,900
Tax-exempt mortgage bonds, due 2020...................................... 6,000 6,000
Tax-exempt mortgage bonds, due 2000...................................... 10,000 10,000
10 1/2% Senior Notes due 2004............................................ 100,000 100,000
9 5/8% Senior Notes due 2005............................................. -- 125,000
Unsecured debt........................................................... 4,314 4,314
-------- -----------
Total long-term debt................................................ 174,262 299,262
-------- -----------
Total debt..................................................... 180,739 305,739
-------- -----------
Total shareholders' equity..................................... $ 97,955 $ 97,955
-------- -----------
Total capitalization...................................... $278,694 $ 403,694
-------- -----------
-------- -----------
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) At September 30, 1998, the Company had borrowed $25.0 million under its
existing $50 million bank credit facility, the proceeds of which were held
in cash, and $8.0 million was available to Company to be borrowed under the
credit facility after deduction of $17.0 million for outstanding letters of
credit. On October 1, 1998, $25.0 million was repaid under the credit
facility representing all outstanding borrowings thereunder. Following the
Offering, the Company plans to enter into a new four year bank revolving
credit facility of at least $75 million.
S-11
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to be received by the Company from the sale of the Notes
are estimated to be approximately $121 million after deducting underwriting
discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.
The Company plans to use the net proceeds from the Offering for the
purchase of Lockheed L-1011-500 aircraft, engines and spare parts, and, together
with bank borrowings and available cash, for the purchase of Boeing 727-200ADV
aircraft, engines, engine hushkits and spare parts. Pending these uses, the
Company will invest the net proceeds of the offering in short-term marketable
securities.
The Company has recently acquired one long-range Lockheed L-1011-500
aircraft and has an agreement to acquire four additional such aircraft along
with associated engines and spare parts over the next twelve months for an
aggregate purchase price of approximately $80 million for the four additional
aircraft. In addition, the Company expects to acquire up to ten Boeing
727-200ADV aircraft and associated engines, spare parts and engine hushkits
which are currently leased to the Company for an aggregate purchase price of
approximately $75 million. As stated above, these expenditures will be financed
principally from the proceeds of the Offering, with the balance paid for out of
bank borrowings and available cash. See 'Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Liquidity and Capital
Resources -- Aircraft and Fleet Transactions.'
S-12
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data are derived from the
consolidated financial statements of the Company for the respective periods
presented. The consolidated financial statements for each of the five years
ended December 31, 1997, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent
auditors. The consolidated financial data for the nine month periods ended
September 30, 1997 and 1998 are unaudited but include all adjustments,
consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of
management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and
results of operations for these periods. The results for the nine months ended
September 30, 1998 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected
for the full year. The consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction
with the consolidated financial statements of the Company and notes thereto and
'Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations' included elsewhere in this Prospectus Supplement.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, SEPTEMBER 30,
--------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
(UNAUDITED)
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT RATIOS AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Operating revenues:
Scheduled service.......................... $138,089 $ 240,675 $ 361,967 $ 386,488 $ 371,762 $271,282 $384,456
Commercial charter service................. 213,666 204,045 229,545 226,372 228,062 184,912 178,468
Military charter service................... 78,366 91,845 77,546 84,197 131,115 104,016 99,295
Ground package............................. 17,189 20,248 20,421 22,302 22,317 16,347 17,629
Other...................................... 20,599 23,709 25,530 31,492 29,937 20,705 30,335
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Total operating revenues.............. 467,909 580,522 715,009 750,851 783,193 597,262 710,183
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits............... 96,104 113,789 141,072 163,990 172,499 127,981 155,795
Fuel and oil............................... 85,418 106,057 129,636 161,226 153,701 118,890 107,639
Handling, landing and navigation fees...... 48,918 60,872 74,400 70,122 69,383 54,368 57,503
Passenger service.......................... 20,918 29,804 34,831 32,745 32,812 25,751 26,871
Aircraft rentals........................... 44,428 48,155 55,738 65,427 54,441 41,758 39,249
Aircraft maintenance, materials and
repairs.................................. 32,838 46,092 55,423 55,175 51,465 40,083 41,641
Depreciation and amortization.............. 37,418 46,178 55,827 61,661 62,468 45,994 58,293
Other...................................... 95,247 121,160 150,146 176,561 172,940 128,361 152,242
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Total operating expenses.............. 461,289 572,107 697,073 786,907 769,709 583,186 639,233
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Operating income (loss)(1).................... 6,620 8,415 17,936 (36,056) 13,484 14,076 70,950
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Other income (expense):
Interest income............................ 292 191 410 617 1,584 810 3,324
Interest (expense)......................... (3,872) (3,656) (4,163) (4,465) (9,454) (5,835) (9,671)
Other...................................... 826 929 470 323 413 361 165
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Other income (expense), net................... (2,754) (2,536) (3,283) (3,525) (7,457) (4,664) (6,182)
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Income (loss) before income taxes............. 3,866 5,879 14,653 (39,581) 6,027 9,412 64,768
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Income taxes (credits)........................ 831 2,393 6,129 (12,907) 4,455 5,192 26,141
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)............................. $ 3,035 $ 3,486 $ 8,524 $ (26,674) $ 1,572 $ 4,220 $ 38,627
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Net income (loss) per share-basic(2).......... $ 0.28 $ 0.30 $ 0.74 $ (2.31) $ 0.14 $ 0.36 $ 3.31
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Net income (loss) per share-diluted(2)........ $ 0.28 $ 0.30 $ 0.74 $ (2.31) $ 0.13 $ 0.36 $ 2.99
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
(table continued on next page)
S-13
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(table continued from previous page)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, SEPTEMBER 30,
--------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
(UNAUDITED)
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT RATIOS AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE SHEET DATA (AT END OF PERIOD):
Cash....................................... $ 45,024 $ 61,752 $ 92,741 $ 73,382 $ 104,196 $ 82,208 $110,807
Non-cash working capital (deficiency)(3)... (48,601) (68,166) (80,639) (65,573) (100,731) (80,204) (115,171)
Property and equipment, net................ 172,244 223,104 240,768 224,540 267,681 267,096 323,880
Total assets............................... 269,830 346,288 413,137 369,601 450,857 422,816 520,411
Short-term debt (including current
maturities).............................. 18,242 8,447 3,606 30,271 8,975 4,186 6,477
Long-term debt............................. 61,090 109,659 134,641 119,100 182,829 174,656 174,262
Total debt................................. 79,332 118,106 138,247 149,371 191,804 178,842 180,739
Shareholders' equity(4).................... 69,941 72,753 81,185 54,744 56,990 59,409 97,955
OTHER FINANCIAL DATA:
EBITDAR(5)................................. $ 89,584 $ 103,868 $ 130,381 $ 91,972 $ 132,390 $102,999 171,981
EBITDA(5).................................. 45,156 55,713 74,643 26,545 77,949 61,241 132,732
Net cash provided by operating
activities............................... 33,896 75,297 87,078 32,171 99,936 70,732 131,870
Net cash used in investing
activities............................... (37,440) (80,400) (44,032) (63,161) (76,055) (60,652) (115,640)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing
activities............................... 12,849 21,831 (12,057) 11,631 6,933 (1,254) (9,619)
Ratio of earnings to fixed
charges(6)............................... 1.24 1.32 1.60 -- 1.19 1.45 3.70
Deficiency of earnings available to cover
fixed charges(6)......................... $ -- -- -- $ 40,931 -- -- --
Pro forma interest expense(7).............. 21,485 18,694
Pro forma ratio of earnings to fixed
charges(6)(8)............................ -- 2.54
Pro forma deficiency of earnings available
to cover fixed charges(6)(8)............. 13,055 --
SELECTED OPERATING DATA FOR PASSENGER
SERVICE(9):
ASMs (millions)(10)........................ 8,232.5 10,443.1 12,521.4 13,295.5 12,647.7 9,731.1 10,676.9
Revenue passenger miles (millions)(11)..... 5,593.5 7,158.8 8,907.7 9,172.4 8,986.0 7,055.9 7,663.1
Passenger load factor(12).................. 67.9% 68.6% 71.1% 69.0% 71.0% 72.5% 71.8%
Revenue per ASM(10)........................ 5.68[c] 5.56[c] 5.71[c] 5.65[c] 6.19[c] 6.14[c] 6.65[c]
Operating expense per ASM(10)(13).......... 5.60[c] 5.48[c] 5.56[c] 5.92[c] 6.09[c] 5.99[c] 5.99[c]
Block hours flown(14)...................... 76,542 103,657 126,295 138,114 139,426 104,683 122,219
Total aircraft............................. 31 41 46 45 45 45 46
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) In the third quarter of 1996, the Company recorded a $4.7 million loss on
the disposal of leased assets associated with both Boeing 757-200 aircraft
transactions.
(2) In 1997, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement
128, 'Earnings Per Share,' which establishes new standards for the
calculation and disclosure of earnings per share. All earnings per share
amounts disclosed in this summary have been restated to conform to the new
standards under Statement 128.
(3) Non-cash working capital consists of total current assets (excluding cash)
less total current liabilities (excluding current maturities of long-term
debt).
(4) No dividends were paid in any of the periods presented.
(5) EBITDAR represents net income plus interest expense (net of capitalized
interest), income tax expense, depreciation, amortization and aircraft
rentals. EBITDA represents net income plus interest expense (net of
capitalized interest), income tax expense, depreciation and amortization.
EBITDAR and EBITDA are presented because each is a widely accepted
financial indicator of a company's ability to incur and service debt.
However, EBITDAR and EBITDA should not be
(footnotes continued on next page)
S-14
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(footnotes continued from previous page)
considered in isolation, as a substitute for net income or cash flow data
prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or as
a measure of a company's profitability or liquidity.
(6) The 'ratio of earnings to fixed charges' represents earnings divided by
fixed charges, as defined in the following paragraph. The 'deficiency'
represents the amount of fixed charges in excess of earnings.
For purposes of these computations, earnings consist of income (loss)
before income taxes, plus fixed charges, adjusted to exclude the amount of
any interest capitalized during the period. Fixed charges include the total
of: (i) interest, whether expensed or capitalized; (ii) amortization of
debt expense relating to any indebtedness, whether expensed or capitalized;
and (iii) such portion of rental expense as can be demonstrated to be
representative of the interest factor.
(7) The 'pro forma interest expense' assumes that $125 million aggregate
principal amount of Notes bearing interest at 9 5/8% per annum were issued
at the beginning of each period presented.
(8) The 'pro forma ratio of earnings to fixed charges' and 'pro forma
deficiency of earnings available to cover fixed charges' reflect
adjustments to interest expense, aircraft rentals, depreciation expense,
amortization of debt issuance costs and the interest portion of rental
expense, which assume the offering had been completed at the beginning of
each period presented, based on the assumptions stated in footnote (7).
(9) The operating data (exclusive of the number of aircraft), include the
operations of Chicago Express, Inc. ('Chicago Express') with which the
Company has a code share arrangement under which Chicago Express operates
19-seat Jetstream 31 propeller aircraft on behalf of the out of
Chicago-Midway, Company (the 'Chicago Express Arrangement'). See
'Business -- The Company's Airline Operations.'
(10) 'Available seat miles' or 'ASMs' represent the number of seats available
for sale to passengers multiplied by the number of miles those seats are
flown.
(11) 'Revenue passenger miles' or 'RPMs' represent the number of seats occupied
by revenue passengers multiplied by the number of miles those seats are
flown.
(12) 'Passenger load factor' represents revenue passenger miles divided by
available seat miles.
(13) 'Operating expense per ASM' for any period represents the amount determined
by dividing total operating expense for such period by the total ASMs for
such period.
(14) 'Block hours flown' for any aircraft represents the elapsed time computed
from the moment the aircraft first moves under its own power from the
boarding ramp at one airport to the time it comes to rest at the boarding
ramp of the next point of landing.
S-15
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
The Company is a leading provider of targeted scheduled airline services
and charter airline services to leisure and other value-oriented travelers.
Amtran, through its principal subsidiary, ATA, has been operating for 25 years
and is the eleventh largest U.S. airline in terms of 1997 revenues and revenue
passenger miles ('RPMs'). ATA provides scheduled service through nonstop and
connecting flights from the gateway cities of Chicago-Midway, Indianapolis and
Milwaukee to popular vacation destinations such as Hawaii, Las Vegas, Florida,
California, Mexico and the Caribbean, as well as to Denver, Dallas-Ft. Worth and
New York City's La Guardia and John F. Kennedy airports. ATA also provides
charter service throughout the world to independent tour operators, specialty
charter customers and the U.S. military.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
In the third quarter of 1998, the Company generated record operating
earnings and net income as compared to any third quarter in the Company's
25-year history. In combination with particularly strong first and second
quarter 1998 operating earnings and net income, the Company also generated
record operating earnings and net income in the first nine months of 1998, as
compared to any nine-month period in the Company's history. These results were
primarily due to the effects of high operating revenues, modest growth in unit
operating expenses and higher utilization of aircraft.
The Company generated a consolidated 10.0% and 8.3% improvement,
respectively, in revenue per available seat mile ('RASM') during the third
quarter of 1998 and the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the
same periods of 1997. Scheduled service RASM increased by 12.2% and 11.3%,
respectively, in the third quarter of 1998 and the nine months ended September
30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of the prior year. The Company
increased its total capacity in this business unit by 17.8% between the third
quarters of 1998 and 1997, and by 27.5% between the nine months ended September
30, 1998 and 1997. Commercial charter RASM increased by 6.0% between the third
quarter of 1998 and the third quarter of 1997, and by 5.3% between the nine
month periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997. Military/government RASM
increased by 6.8% in the third quarter of 1998 and 5.7% in the nine months ended
September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997.
The Company at the same time increased its operating cost per available
seat mile ('CASM') by 2.3% between the third quarter of 1998 and the third
quarter of 1997, while CASM was unchanged between the nine-month periods ended
September 30, 1998 and 1997. In both sets of comparative periods, salaries,
wages and benefits cost per ASM increased while fuel and oil cost per ASM
declined; other year-over-year changes in cost per ASM between periods were less
significant.
In the third quarter of 1998, and for the nine months ended September 30,
1998, the Company also increased average aircraft utilization as compared to the
same periods of 1997, as measured by average daily block hours flown per
aircraft in service, including spares. The Boeing 727-200 fleet flew an average
of 7.6% more block hours per day in the third quarter of 1998 as compared to the
third quarter of 1997, and 17.5% more block hours per day in the nine months
ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same period of the prior year. The
Boeing 757-200 fleet flew an average of 1.0% more block hours per day in the
third quarter of 1998, as compared to the third quarter of 1997, and 10.8% more
block hours per day in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to
the same period of the prior year. The Lockheed L-1011 fleet flew an average of
1.4% fewer block hours per day in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to the
third quarter of 1997, and 5.9% more block hours per day in the nine months
ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same period of the prior year.
For the quarter ended September 30, 1998, the Company earned $22.9 million
in operating income, as compared to an operating income of $5.3 million in the
comparable quarter of 1997; and the Company earned $71.0 million in operating
income in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to an operating
income of $14.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 1997.
S-16
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
For the quarter ended September 30, 1998, the Company earned $12.4 million
in net income, as compared to net income of $1.7 million in the comparable
quarter of 1997; and the Company earned $38.6 million in net income in the nine
months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to net income of $4.2 million
earned in the nine months ended September 30, 1997.
The Company's third quarter 1998 operating revenues increased 15.0% to
$242.4 million, as compared to $210.8 million in the same period of 1997. RASM
increased 10.0% to 6.37 cents in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to 5.79
cents in the same period of the prior year. Available seat miles ('ASMs')
increased 4.5% to 3.806 billion from 3.641 billion, RPMs increased 4.9% to 2.769
billion from 2.640 billion, and passenger load factor increased 0.3 points to
72.8% as compared to 72.5%. Yield in the third quarter of 1998 increased 9.7% to
8.75 cents per RPM, as compared to 7.98 cents per RPM in 1997. Total passengers
boarded increased 14.7% to 1,557,292 in the third quarter of 1998, as compared
to 1,357,267 in the third quarter of 1997, while total departures increased
17.5% to 16,133 from 13,733 between the same comparable periods, and block hours
increased 8.5% to 42,325 in the 1998 third quarter, as compared to 39,011 in the
1997 third quarter.
The Company's operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30,
1998, increased 18.9% to $710.2 million, as compared to $597.3 million in the
same period of 1997. RASM increased 8.3% to 6.65 cents in the nine months ended
September 30, 1998, as compared to 6.14 cents in the same period of the prior
year. ASMs increased 9.7% to 10.677 billion from 9.731 billion, RPMs increased
8.6% to 7.663 billion from 7.056 billion, and passenger load factor decreased
0.7 points to 71.8% as compared to 72.5%. Yield in the nine months ended
September 30, 1998 increased 9.6% to 9.27 cents per RPM, as compared to 8.46
cents per RPM in 1997. Total passengers boarded increased 15.2% to 4,732,693 in
the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to 4,108,093 in the same
period of 1997, while total departures increased 30.5% to 46,887 from 35,943
between the same comparable periods, and block hours increased 16.8% to 122,219
in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to 104,683 in the nine
months ended September 30, 1997.
Operating expenses increased 6.8% to $219.5 million in the third quarter of
1998, as compared to $205.5 million in the third quarter of 1997, and operating
expenses increased 9.6% to $639.2 million in the nine months ended September 30,
1998, as compared to $583.2 million in the same period of 1997. Operating
expense per ASM increased 2.3% to 5.77 cents in the third quarter of 1998, as
compared to 5.64 cents in the third quarter of 1997, while operating expense per
ASM remained unchanged at 5.99 cents in the nine-month periods ended September
30, 1998 and 1997.
S-17
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
Results of Operations in Cents Per ASM
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, operating
revenues and expenses expressed as cents per ASM. The Company's operations under
the Chicago Express Arrangement are included in the Company's results of
operations.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS
ENDED
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, SEPTEMBER 30,
-------------------------- ----------------
1995 1996 1997 1997 1998
---- ----- ----- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Operating revenues......................................... 5.71[c] 5.65[c] 6.19[c] 6.14[c] 6.65[c]
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits.......................... 1.13 1.23 1.36 1.32 1.46
Fuel and oil.......................................... 1.03 1.21 1.22 1.22 1.01
Handling, landing and navigation fees................. 0.59 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.54
Depreciation and amortization......................... 0.45 0.47 0.49 0.47 0.55
Aircraft rentals...................................... 0.44 0.49 0.43 0.43 0.37
Aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs........... 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.39
Crew and other employee travel........................ 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.29 0.29
Passenger service..................................... 0.28 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.25
Commissions........................................... 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.20 0.20
Ground package cost................................... 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14
Other selling expenses................................ 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.15
Advertising........................................... 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.12
Facility and other rents.............................. 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
Disposal of assets.................................... -- 0.03 -- -- --
Other operating expenses.............................. 0.37 0.40 0.43 0.41 0.45
---- ----- ----- ---- ----
Total operating expenses......................... 5.56 5.92 6.09 5.99 5.99
---- ----- ----- ---- ----
Operating income (loss).................................... 0.15[c] (0.27)[c] 0.10[c] 0.15[c] 0.66[c]
---- ----- ----- ---- ----
---- ----- ----- ---- ----
ASMs (in millions)......................................... 12,521 13,296 12,648 9,731 10,677
</TABLE>
S-18
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
Nine Months Ended September 30, 1998, Versus Nine Months Ended September 30,
1997
CONSOLIDATED FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain key
operating and financial data for the consolidated flight operations of the
Company. Data shown for 'Jet' operations include the consolidated operations of
Lockheed L-1011, Boeing 727-200 and Boeing 757-200 aircraft in all of the
Company's business units. Data shown for 'J31' operations include operations
under the Chicago Express Arrangement.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
----------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures Jet............................................. 29,840 34,749 4,909 16.45%
Departures J31(a).......................................... 6,103 12,138 6,035 98.89
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total Departures(b)................................... 35,943 46,887 10,944 30.45
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Block Hours Jet............................................ 98,226 110,372 12,146 12.37
Block Hours J31............................................ 6,457 11,847 5,390 83.48
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total Block Hours(c).................................. 104,683 122,219 17,536 16.75
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
RPMs Jet (000s)............................................ 7,043,685 7,640,306 596,621 8.47
RPMs J31 (000s)............................................ 12,231 22,808 10,577 86.48
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total RPMs (000s)(d).................................. 7,055,916 7,663,114 607,198 8.61
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
ASMs Jet (000s)............................................ 9,710,839 10,638,219 927,380 9.55
ASMs J31 (000s)............................................ 20,220 38,710 18,490 91.44
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total ASMs (000s)(e).................................. 9,731,059 10,676,929 945,870 9.72
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Load Factor Jet............................................ 72.53 71.82 (0.71) (0.98)
Load Factor J31............................................ 60.49 58.92 (1.57) (2.60)
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total Load Factor(f).................................. 72.51 71.77 (0.74) (1.02)
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Passengers Enplaned Jet.................................... 4,043,535 4,602,544 559,009 13.82
Passengers Enplaned J31.................................... 64,558 130,149 65,591 101.60
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total Passengers Enplaned(g).......................... 4,108,093 4,732,693 624,600 15.20
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Revenue (000s)............................................. $597,262 $710,183 $112,921 18.91
RASM in cents(h)........................................... 6.14[c] 6.65[c] 0.51[c] 8.31
CASM in cents(i)........................................... 5.99 5.99 -- --
Yield in cents(j).......................................... 8.46 9.27 0.81 9.57
</TABLE>
- ------------
(a) Effective April 1, 1997, the Company began ATA Connection service between
Chicago-Midway and the cities of Indianapolis, Milwaukee, Des Moines, Dayton
and Grand Rapids under an agreement with Chicago Express. Services were
expanded to include Lansing, Michigan and Madison, Wisconsin in October
1997. Services are provided using Jetstream 31 ('J31') propeller aircraft.
(b) A departure is a single takeoff and landing operated by a single aircraft
between an origin city and a destination city.
(c) Block hours for any aircraft represent the elapsed time computed from the
moment the aircraft first moves under its own power from the origin city
boarding ramp to the moment it comes to rest at the destination city
boarding ramp.
(d) Revenue passenger miles (RPMs) represent the number of seats occupied by
revenue passengers multiplied by the number of miles those seats are flown.
RPMs are an industry measure of the total seat capacity actually sold by the
Company.
(e) Available seat miles (ASMs) represent the number of seats available for sale
to revenue passengers multiplied by the number of miles those seats are
flown. ASMs are an industry measure of the total seat capacity offered for
sale by the Company, whether sold or not.
(f) Passenger load factor is the percentage derived by dividing RPMs by ASMs.
Passenger load factor is relevant to the evaluation of scheduled service
because incremental passengers normally provide incremental revenue and
profitability when seats are sold individually. In the case of commercial
charter and military/government charter, load factor is less relevant
because an entire aircraft is sold by the Company instead of individual
seats. Since both costs and revenues are largely fixed for these types of
charter flights, changes in load factor have less impact on business unit
profitability. Consolidated load factors and scheduled service load factors
for the Company are shown in the appropriate tables for industry
comparability, but load factors for individual charter businesses are
omitted from applicable tables.
(g) Passengers enplaned are the number of revenue passengers who occupied seats
on the Company's flights. This measure is also referred to as 'passengers
boarded.'
(footnotes continued on next page)
S-19
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(footnotes continued from previous page)
(h) Revenue per ASM (expressed in cents) is total operating revenue divided by
total ASMs. This measure is also referred to as 'RASM.' RASM measures the
Company's unit revenue using total available seat capacity. In the case of
scheduled service, RASM is a measure of the combined impact of load factor
and yield (see (j) below for the definition of yield).
(i) Cost per ASM (expressed in cents) is total operating expense divided by
total ASMs. This measure is also referred to as 'CASM.' CASM measures the
Company's unit cost using total available seat capacity.
(j) Revenue per RPM (expressed in cents) is total operating revenue divided by
total RPMs. This measure is also referred to as 'yield.' Yield is relevant
to the evaluation of scheduled service because yield is a measure of the
average price paid by customers purchasing individual seats. Yield is less
relevant to the commercial charter and military/government charter
businesses because the entire aircraft is sold at one time for one price.
Consolidated yields and scheduled service yields are shown in the
appropriate tables for industry comparability, but yields for individual
charter businesses are omitted from applicable tables.
OPERATING REVENUES
Total operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 1998,
increased 18.9% to $710.2 million from $597.3 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 1997. This increase was due to a $113.2 million increase in
scheduled service revenues, a $9.6 million increase in other revenues and a $1.3
million increase in ground package revenues, partially offset by a $6.5 million
decrease in commercial charter revenues, and a $4.7 million decrease in
military/government charter revenues.
Scheduled Service Revenues. The following table sets forth, for the periods
indicated, certain key operating and financial data for the scheduled service
operations of the Company. Data shown for 'Jet' operations include the combined
operations of Lockheed L-1011, Boeing 727-200 and Boeing 757-200 aircraft in
scheduled service. Data shown for 'J31' operations include operations under the
Chicago Express Arrangement.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
--------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
--------- --------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures Jet............................................... 17,035 23,026 5,991 35.17%
Departures J31(a)............................................ 6,103 12,138 6,035 98.89
--------- --------- --------- -----------
Total Departures(b)..................................... 23,138 35,164 12,026 51.98
--------- --------- --------- -----------
Block Hours Jet.............................................. 52,443 68,392 15,949 30.41
Block Hours J31.............................................. 6,457 11,847 5,390 83.48
--------- --------- --------- -----------
Total Block Hours(c).................................... 58,900 80,239 21,339 36.23
--------- --------- --------- -----------
RPMs Jet (000s).............................................. 3,375,501 4,359,466 983,965 29.15
RPMs J31 (000s).............................................. 12,231 22,808 10,577 86.48
--------- --------- --------- -----------
Total RPMs (000s)(d).................................... 3,387,732 4,382,274 994,542 29.36
--------- --------- --------- -----------
ASMs Jet (000s).............................................. 4,535,656 5,767,773 1,232,117 27.17
ASMs J31 (000s).............................................. 20,220 38,710 18,490 91.44
--------- --------- --------- -----------
Total ASMs (000s)(e).................................... 4,555,876 5,806,483 1,250,607 27.45
--------- --------- --------- -----------
Load Factor Jet.............................................. 74.42 75.58 1.16 1.56
Load Factor J31.............................................. 60.49 58.92 (1.57) (2.60)
--------- --------- --------- -----------
Total Load Factor(f).................................... 74.36 75.47 1.11 1.49
--------- --------- --------- -----------
Passengers Enplaned Jet...................................... 2,276,910 3,055,545 778,635 34.20
Passengers Enplaned J31...................................... 64,558 130,149 65,591 101.60
--------- --------- --------- -----------
Total Passengers Enplaned(g)............................ 2,341,468 3,185,694 844,226 36.06
--------- --------- --------- -----------
Revenues (000s).............................................. $ 271,282 $ 384,456 $ 113,174 41.72
RASM in cents(h)............................................. 5.95[c] 6.62[c] 0.67[c] 11.26
Yield in cents(j)............................................ 8.01 8.77 0.76 9.49
Revenues per segment(k)...................................... $ 115.86 $ 120.68 $ 4.82 4.16
</TABLE>
- ------------
See footnotes (a) through (j) on pages S-19 and S-20.
(k) Revenue per segment flown is determined by dividing total scheduled service
revenues by the number of passengers boarded. Revenue per segment is a broad
measure of the average price obtained for all flight segments flown by
passengers in the Company's scheduled service route network.
S-20
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
Scheduled service revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 1998,
increased 41.7% to $384.5 million from $271.3 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 1997. Scheduled service revenues comprised 54.1% of consolidated
revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to 45.4% of
consolidated revenues in the same period of 1997. Scheduled service RPMs
increased 29.3% to 4.382 billion from 3.388 billion, while ASMs increased 27.4%
to 5.806 billion from 4.556 billion, resulting in an increase of 1.1 points in
passenger load factor to 75.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, from
74.4% in the same period of 1997. Scheduled service yield in the nine months
ended September 30, 1998, increased 9.5% to 8.77 cents from 8.01 cents in the
nine months ended September 30, 1997, while RASM increased 11.3% to 6.62 cents
from 5.95 cents between the same periods.
Scheduled service departures in the nine months ended September 30, 1998,
increased 52.0% to 35,164 from 23,138 in the nine months ended September 30,
1997; block hours increased 36.2% to 80,239 in the nine months ended September
30, 1998, from 58,900 in the nine months ended September 30, 1997; and
passengers boarded increased 36.1% between periods to 3,185,694, as compared to
2,341,468. Period-to-period percentage changes in departures, block hours and
passengers boarded were significantly impacted by the operation of ATA
Connection Jetstream 31 commuter flights in the nine months ended September 30,
1998, which operated only during the six months ended September 30, 1997. Such
operations in all periods generate comparatively less impact to ASMs and RPMs
due to the small seat capacity and short stage length of ATA Connection
propeller aircraft as compared to the Company's jet aircraft. The Company
currently has a code share agreement with Chicago Express under which Chicago
Express operates 19-seat Jetstream 31 propeller aircraft between Chicago-Midway
and the cities of Indianapolis, Milwaukee, Des Moines, Dayton, Grand Rapids,
Lansing and Madison.
The Company's third quarter 1998 scheduled service at Chicago-Midway
(excluding New York services and direct service to San Juan, discussed
separately below) accounted for approximately 46.0% of scheduled service ASMs
and 68.3% of scheduled service departures, as compared to 37.3% and 59.5%,
respectively, in the third quarter of 1997. On May 1, 1998, the Company began
three daily nonstop flights to Dallas-Ft. Worth and two daily nonstop flights to
Denver, none of which services were provided during the third quarter of 1997.
In addition to these new services, the Company added frequencies in the third
quarter of 1998 to most existing jet markets, including Ft. Lauderdale, Ft.
Myers, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Orlando, Phoenix, St. Petersburg and San
Francisco. Flight frequencies to Sarasota declined between periods. ATA
Connection Jetstream 31 flights in the third quarters of 1998 and 1997 served
Chicago-Midway from the cities of Dayton, Des Moines, Grand Rapids,
Indianapolis, and Milwaukee; frequencies were approximately the same in all of
these markets in the 1998 third quarter as compared to the same period of 1997.
In addition, the Company operated ATA Connection Jetstream 31 service between
Chicago-Midway and the cities of Lansing and Madison in the third quarter of
1998, while such service was not operated in the same period of 1997. During the
nine months ended September 30, 1998, scheduled service at Chicago-Midway
(excluding New York services and direct service to San Juan, discussed
separately below) accounted for approximately 46.2% of scheduled service ASMs
and 66.8% of scheduled service departures, as compared to 40.8% and 58.3%,
respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 1997.
The Company anticipates that its Chicago-Midway operation will represent a
focus of growing significance for its scheduled service business in 1999 and
beyond. In addition to the new markets and expanded service to many existing
markets described above, the Company began three daily nonstop flights to New
York's La Guardia airport on July 7, 1998 using slots newly awarded to the
Company by the Department of Transportation ('DOT'). The Company operated 57
daily jet and commuter departures from Chicago-Midway and served 21 destinations
on a nonstop basis in the summer of 1998, as compared to 15 nonstop destinations
served in the summer of 1997. This capacity expansion is expected to require the
addition of five hundred new employees in the Chicago area by the end of 1998.
By the end of the third quarter of 1998, the Company also substantially
completed a $1.5 million renovation of the existing terminal facilities at
Chicago-Midway to enhance their attractiveness and convenience for the Company's
customers. The Company also presently expects to occupy 12 jet gates and 6
commuter aircraft gates at the new Chicago-Midway terminal which is presently
scheduled for completion in 2002, as compared to the six jet gates currently
occupied in the existing terminal.
S-21
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
The Company's growing commitment to Chicago-Midway is consistent with its
strategy for enhancing revenues and profitability in scheduled service by
focusing primarily on low-cost, nonstop flights from airports where it has
market or aircraft advantages in addition to its low cost. The Company believes
that its high performance Boeing 757-200 and Boeing 727-200ADV aircraft
presently give it a competitive advantage at Chicago-Midway because, unlike many
aircraft flown by its competitors, these aircraft can fly larger passenger
capacities substantially longer distances while operating from the airport's
short runways. The Company also expects its growing concentration of connecting
flights at Chicago-Midway to provide both revenue premiums and operating cost
efficiencies, as compared to the Company's other gateway cities.
The Company's Hawaii service accounted for 27.6% of scheduled service ASMs
and 7.0% of scheduled service departures in the third quarter of 1998, as
compared to 29.6% and 8.0%, respectively, in the third quarter of 1997. The
Company provided nonstop services in both quarters from Los Angeles, Phoenix and
San Francisco to both Honolulu and Maui, with connecting service between
Honolulu and Maui. In addition, in the third quarter of 1998, seasonal nonstop
service was operated from San Diego to Honolulu, which was not operated in the
third quarter of 1997. The Company provides these services through a marketing
alliance with Pleasant Hawaiian Holidays, the largest independent tour operator
serving leisure travelers to Hawaii from the United States. The Company uses
primarily wide-body Lockheed L-1011 aircraft, supplemented with some narrow-body
flights using Boeing 757-200 aircraft. Pleasant Hawaiian Holidays purchases a
majority of the available seats on these flights and markets them to their
leisure customers, often in conjunction with ground arrangements. The Company
distributes the remaining seats on these flights through normal scheduled
service distribution channels. The Company believes it has superior operating
efficiencies in west coast-Hawaii markets due to the relatively low ownership
cost of the Lockheed L-1011 fleet and because of the high daily hours of
utilization obtained for both aircraft and crews. During the nine months ended
September 30, 1998, Hawaii services accounted for approximately 23.1% of
scheduled service ASMs and 5.8% of scheduled service departures, as compared to
26.9% and 7.9%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 1997.
The Company's Indianapolis service accounted for 13.1% of scheduled service
ASMs and 10.8% of scheduled service departures in the third quarter of 1998, as
compared to 18.8% and 15.8%, respectively, in the same period of 1997. In the
third quarter of 1998, the Company operated nonstop to Cancun, Ft. Lauderdale,
Ft. Myers, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Orlando, St. Petersburg, San Francisco and
Sarasota. Frequencies were reduced between years in Cancun, Las Vegas, Los
Angeles and San Francisco in order to redeploy narrow-body aircraft into more
profitable markets such as Chicago-Midway to New York and San Juan. The Company
has served Indianapolis for 25 years through the Ambassadair Travel Club and in
scheduled service since 1986. The ATA Connection commuter service between
Indianapolis and Chicago-Midway offers Indianapolis-originating customers a
large selection of additional jet connections west to Denver, Phoenix and
Hawaii, east to New York, and south to Dallas-Ft. Worth and San Juan which are
more economically served from Indianapolis through this connection than by
direct flights. During the nine months ended September 30, 1998, scheduled
service at Indianapolis accounted for approximately 16.4% of scheduled service
ASMs and 13.1% of scheduled service departures, as compared to 20.2% and 18.9%,
respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 1997.
The Company's San Juan, Puerto Rico service accounted for 6.1% of scheduled
service ASMs and 4.4% of scheduled service departures in the third quarter of
1998, as compared to 4.6% and 4.1%, respectively, in the third quarter of 1997.
The Company provided nonstop service from San Juan to Orlando and St. Petersburg
in both quarters, although frequencies to Orlando were significantly increased
in the third quarter of 1998 as compared to the third quarter of 1997. The
Company also began serving San Juan on a nonstop basis from Chicago-Midway on
May 26, 1998, while such nonstop service was not operated in the third quarter
of 1997. During the nine months ended September 30, 1998, scheduled service at
San Juan accounted for approximately 5.4% of scheduled service ASMs and 4.4% of
scheduled service departures, as compared to 3.5% and 3.3%, respectively, in the
nine months ended September 30, 1997.
S-22
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
The Company's New York service accounted for 5.1% of scheduled service ASMs
and 6.7% of scheduled service departures in the third quarter of 1998, as
compared to 5.0% and 6.9%, respectively, in the third quarter of 1997. The
Company began nonstop service to New York's John F. Kennedy International
Airport from Chicago-Midway, Indianapolis and St. Petersburg in June 1997;
services from Indianapolis were discontinued in the fall of 1997, and services
from St. Petersburg were discontinued in May 1998. In April 1998, the Company
was awarded landing slots at New York's La Guardia Airport, with which it began
the operation of three daily nonstops to Chicago-Midway on July 7, 1998. During
the nine months ended September 30, 1998, scheduled service at New York
accounted for approximately 4.6% of scheduled service ASMs and 5.6% of scheduled
service departures, as compared to 2.7% and 3.8%, respectively, in the nine
months ended September 30, 1997.
The Company's Milwaukee service accounted for 2.0% of scheduled service
ASMs and 1.8% of scheduled service departures in the third quarter of 1998, as
compared to 1.9% and 1.9%, respectively, in the third quarter of 1997. The
Company provided nonstop service to Orlando in both quarters although
frequencies were increased slightly in the third quarter of 1998 as compared to
the same period of 1997. The Company believes that in the Orlando market, it is
the only direct low-cost choice from Milwaukee. During the nine months ended
September 30, 1998, scheduled service at Milwaukee accounted for approximately
3.5% of scheduled service ASMs and 3.0% of scheduled service departures, as
compared to 4.2% and 4.4%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30,
1997.
The Company continues to evaluate the profitability of its scheduled
service markets and expects to adjust its service from time to time. The Company
believes that scheduled service yields and load factors in the first three
quarters of 1998 have benefited from strong customer demand for air
transportation in the United States during a period of constrained industry
growth in seat capacity relative to this demand. The ability of the Company to
increase its year-over-year scheduled service seat capacity by 17.8% in the
third quarter of 1998, and 27.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 1998,
and to operate with a higher load factor in both comparative periods, further
underscores the fundamental strength of current demand in its domestic scheduled
service.
Commercial Charter Revenues. The Company's commercial charter revenues are
derived principally from independent tour operators and specialty charter
customers. The Company's commercial charter product provides full-service air
transportation to hundreds of customer-designated destinations throughout the
world. Commercial charter revenue growth in the first nine months of 1998 was
constrained by the reassignment of several narrow-body aircraft to scheduled
service expansion and by subservice contracts with other airlines, which the
Company believes have been more profitable for these aircraft than the
commercial charter applications they replaced. The Company, however, continues
to believe that tour operator and specialty charter are businesses where the
Company's experience and size provide meaningful competitive advantage and are
businesses to which the Company remains committed. Commercial charter revenues
accounted for 25.9% of consolidated revenues in the third quarter of 1998, as
compared to 30.4% in the third quarter of 1997, and for 25.1% of consolidated
revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to 31.0% in
the same period of 1997.
The Company is addressing its seat capacity limitations in the commercial
(and military/government) charter business units through the acquisition of
long-range Lockheed L-1011 series 500 aircraft. In July 1998, the Company
committed to the purchase of five such aircraft from Royal Jordanian Airlines,
for delivery between the third quarter of 1998 and the second quarter of 1999.
Although Lockheed L-1011 series 500 maintenance procedures and cockpit design
are similar to the Company's existing fleet of Lockheed L-1011 series 50 and
series 100 aircraft, they differ operationally in that their ten-to-eleven-hour
range permits them to operate nonstop to parts of Asia, South America and
Central and Eastern Europe using an all-coach seating configuration preferred by
the U.S. military and most of the Company's commercial charter customers. The
Company expects to place these aircraft into service in commercial and
military/government charter operations between December 1998 and December 1999,
which would provide a substantial increase in available seat capacity for these
charter business units, in addition to opening new long-range market
opportunities to the Company which it cannot serve with its existing fleet.
S-23
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain key
operating and financial data for the commercial charter operations of the
Company.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
--------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
--------- --------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures(b)................................................. 8,712 7,573 (1,139) (13.07)%
Block Hours(c)................................................ 30,268 26,577 (3,691) (12.19)
RPMs (000s)(d)................................................ 2,803,584 2,478,914 (324,670) (11.58)
ASMs (000s)(e)................................................ 3,390,689 3,110,695 (279,994) (8.26)
Passengers Enplaned(g)........................................ 1,535,560 1,309,403 (226,157) (14.73)
Revenue (000s)................................................ $184,912 $178,468 $(6,444) (3.48)
RASM in cents(h).............................................. 5.45[c] 5.74[c] 0.29[c] 5.32
</TABLE>
- ------------
See footnotes (b) through (h) on pages S-19 and S-20.
Commercial charter revenues decreased 3.5% to $178.5 million in the nine
months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to $184.9 million in the nine
months ended September 30, 1997. Commercial charter RPMs decreased 11.6% to
2.479 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 1998 from 2.804 billion in
the same period of 1997, while ASMs decreased 8.3% to 3.111 billion from 3.391
billion. Commercial charter RASM increased 5.3% to 5.74 cents from 5.45 cents
between the same periods. Commercial charter passengers boarded decreased 14.7%
to 1,309,403 in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to
1,535,560 in the same period of 1997; departures decreased 13.1% to 7,573, as
compared to 8,712; and block hours decreased 12.2% to 26,577, as compared to
30,268 between the same periods.
The Company operates in two principal components of the commercial charter
business, known as 'track charter' and 'specialty charter.' The larger track
charter business component is generally comprised of low frequency but
repetitive domestic and international flights between city pairs, which support
high passenger load factors and are marketed through tour operators, providing
value-priced and convenient nonstop service to vacation destinations for the
leisure traveler. Since track charter resembles scheduled service in terms of
its repetitive flying patterns between fixed city pairs, it allows the Company
to achieve reasonable levels of crew and aircraft utilization (although less
than for scheduled service), and provides the Company with meaningful protection
from some fuel price increases through the use of fuel escalation reimbursement
clauses in tour operator contracts. Track charter accounted for approximately
$55.9 million in revenues in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to $54.8
million in the same period of 1997, and comprised approximately $150.0 million
in revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to $155.9
million in the same period of 1997.
Specialty charter is a product which is designed to meet the unique
requirements of the customer and is a business characterized by lower frequency
of operation and by greater variation in city pairs served than the track
charter business. Specialty charter includes such diverse contracts as flying
university alumni to football games, transporting political candidates on
campaign trips and moving NASA space shuttle ground crews to alternate landing
sites. The Company also operates an increasing number of trips in
all-first-class configuration for certain corporate and high-end leisure
clients. Although lower utilization of crews and aircraft and infrequent service
to specialty destinations often result in higher average operating costs, the
Company has determined that the revenue premium earned by meeting special
customer requirements more than compensates for these increased costs. In
addition, specialty charter programs sometimes permit the Company to increase
overall aircraft utilization by providing filler traffic during periods of low
demand from other programs such as track charter. The Company believes that it
is competitively advantaged to attract this type of business due to the size and
geographic dispersion of its fleet, which reduces costly ferry time for aircraft
and crews and thus permits more competitive pricing. The diversity of the
Company's three fleet types also permits the Company to meet a customer's
particular needs by choosing the aircraft type which provides the most
economical solution for those requirements. Specialty charter accounted for
approximately $3.9 million in revenues in the third quarter of 1998, as compared
to $7.7 million in the same period of 1997, and comprised approximately $20.3
million in revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to
$22.4 million in the same period of 1997.
S-24
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
The Company believes that although price is the principal competitive
criterion for its commercial charter programs, product quality, reputation for
reliability and delivery of services which are customized to specific needs have
become increasingly important to the buyer of this product. Accordingly, as the
Company continues to emphasize the growth and profitability of this business
unit, it will seek to maintain its low-cost pricing advantage, while
differentiating itself from competitors through the delivery of customized
services and the maintenance of consistent and dependable operations. In this
manner, the Company believes that it will produce significant value for its tour
operator partners by delivering an attractively priced product which meets or
exceeds their customers' expectations.
Military/Government Charter Revenues. The following table sets forth, for
the periods indicated, certain key operating and financial data for the
military/government flight operations of the Company.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
-------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 INC (DEC) %INC (DEC)
--------- --------- --------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures(b).................................................. 3,917 3,600 (317) (8.09)%
Block Hours(c)................................................. 15,071 13,475 (1,596) (10.59)
RPMs (000s)(d)................................................. 848,575 691,580 (156,995) (18.50)
ASMs (000s)(e)................................................. 1,750,832 1,580,959 (169,873) (9.70)
Passengers Enplaned(g)......................................... 218,945 168,301 (50,644) (23.13)
Revenue (000s)................................................. $104,016 $99,295 $(4,721) (4.54)
RASM in cents(h)............................................... 5.94[c] 6.28[c] 0.34[c] 5.72
</TABLE>
- ------------
See footnotes (b) through (h) on pages S-19 and S-20.
Military/government charter revenues decreased 4.5% to $99.3 million in the
nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to $104.0 million in the nine
months ended September 30, 1997. In the nine months ended September 30, 1998,
the Company's U.S. military revenues represented 14.0% of consolidated revenues,
as compared to 17.4% in the nine months ended September 30, 1997. U.S. military
RPMs decreased 18.5% to 691.6 million in the nine months ended September 30,
1998, from 848.6 million in the same period of 1997, while ASMs decreased 9.7%
to 1.581 billion from 1.751 billion. Military RASM increased 5.7% to 6.28 cents
from 5.94 cents between the same time periods. U.S. military passengers boarded
decreased 23.1% to 168,301 in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as
compared to 218,945 in the same period of 1997; departures decreased 8.1% to
3,600, as compared to 3,917; and block hours decreased 10.6% to 13,475, as
compared to 15,071 between the same periods.
The Company participates in two related military/government charter
programs known as 'fixed award' and 'short-term expansion.' Pursuant to the U.S.
military's fixed award system, each participating airline is awarded certain
'mobilization value points' based upon the number and type of aircraft made
available by that airline for military flying. In order to increase the number
of points awarded, the Company has entered into a contractor teaming arrangement
with four other cargo airlines. Under this arrangement, the team has a greater
likelihood of receiving fixed award business and, to the extent that the award
includes passenger transport, the opportunity for the Company to operate this
flying is enhanced since the Company represents all of the passenger transport
capacity of the team. As part of its participation in this teaming arrangement,
the Company pays a commission to the team, which passes that revenue on to all
team members based upon their mobilization points. All airlines participating in
the fixed award business contract annually with the U.S. military from October 1
to the following September 30. For each contract year, reimbursement rates are
determined for aircraft types and mission categories based upon operating cost
data submitted by the participating airlines. These contracts are generally not
subject to renegotiation once they become effective.
Short-term expansion business is awarded by the U.S. military first on a
pro rata basis to those carriers who have been provided fixed-award business and
then to any other carrier with aircraft availability. Expansion flying is
generally offered to airlines on very short notice.
The Company committed up to four Boeing 757-200 aircraft to the
military/government charter business in the first nine months of 1998 and 1997,
although approximately 9.7% fewer ASMs were provided to this business unit in
the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same
S-25
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
period of 1997, due to the reassignment of some aircraft hours to scheduled
service and substitute service. As a result of more accurately documenting the
actual costs associated with military flying, the Company was able to obtain
approval for some rate increases for the U.S. military contract year ending
September 30, 1998, which resulted in higher RASM in the quarter and nine months
ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of the prior year.
Because military flying is generally less seasonal than leisure travel
programs, the Company believes that the military/government charter business
tends to have a stabilizing impact on seasonal earnings fluctuations. The
Company is also contractually protected from changes in fuel prices. The Company
further believes that its fleet of aircraft has a competitive advantage in
serving the transportation needs of the U.S. military. Although foreign bases
have reduced troop size, the Company believes that the U.S. military still
desires to maintain its service frequency to those bases and therefore often has
a preference for smaller-capacity, long-range aircraft such as the Company's
Boeing 757-200. Furthermore, in 1993, the Company became the first North
American carrier to receive Federal Aviation Administration ('FAA')
certification to operate Boeing 757-200 aircraft with 180-minute Extended Twin
Engine Operation ('ETOPS'), permitting these aircraft to operate missions over
water to airports up to three hours from the nearest alternate airport. The
Company believes that this certification, which applies to all of the Company's
Boeing 757-200 fleet, provides a competitive advantage in receiving awards of
certain military flying.
The overall amount of military flying that the Company performs in any one
year is dependent upon several factors, including (i) the percentage of
mobilization value points represented by the Company's team as compared to total
mobilization value points of all providers of military service; (ii) the
percentage of passenger capacity of the Company with respect to its own team;
(iii) the amount of fixed award and expansion flying required by the U.S.
military in each contract year; and (iv) the availability of the Company's
aircraft to accept and fly expansion awards. In 1997, there was an unusual
amount of both fixed award and expansion business available to the Company as
compared to prior years.
Ground Package Revenues. The Company earns ground package revenues through
the sale of hotel, car rental and cruise accommodations in conjunction with the
Company's air transportation product. The Company markets these ground packages
to its Ambassadair club members and through its ATA Vacations subsidiary to the
general public. In the third quarter of 1998, ground package revenues increased
15.1% to $6.1 million, as compared to $5.3 million in the third quarter of 1997,
and in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, ground package revenues
increased 8.0% to $17.6 million, as compared to $16.3 million in the same period
of 1997.
The Company's Ambassadair Travel Club offers hundreds of
tour-guide-accompanied vacation packages to its approximately 35,000 individual
and family members annually. In the third quarter of 1998, total packages sold
increased 21.8% as compared to the third quarter of 1997, and were unchanged
between the nine month periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997. The average
revenue earned for each ground package sold increased 18.7% and 22.7%,
respectively, between the same sets of comparative periods.
ATA Vacations offers numerous ground package combinations to the general
public for use on the Company's scheduled service flights throughout the United
States. These packages are marketed through travel agents, as well as directly
by the Company. In the third quarter and the nine months ended September 30,
1998, total packages sold decreased 23.3% and 10.5%, respectively, as compared
to the same periods of 1997, while the average revenue earned for each ground
package sold increased 3.7% between the third quarters of 1998 and 1997, and
decreased 4.2% between the nine month periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997.
The number of ground packages sold and the average revenue earned by the
Company for a ground package sale are a function of the mix of vacation
destinations served, the quality and types of ground accommodations offered and
general competitive conditions with other air carriers offering similar products
in the Company's markets, all of which factors can change from period to period.
Other Revenues. Other revenues are comprised of the consolidated revenues
of affiliated companies, together with miscellaneous categories of revenue
associated with the scheduled and charter
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operations of the Company. Other revenues increased 6.3% to $8.4 million in the
third quarter of 1998, as compared to $7.9 million in the third quarter of 1997,
and by 46.4% to $30.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as
compared to $20.7 million in the same period of 1997.
In the third quarter of 1998, as compared to the third quarter of 1997, the
Company recorded $0.8 million more in cancellation and administrative fees and
$0.4 million more in cargo and other affiliate company revenues, partially
offset by $0.2 million less revenue from the sales of surplus and obsolete
aircraft parts, and $0.7 million less revenue from providing substitute service
to other airlines. In the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to
the same period of 1997, the Company earned $5.4 million more in substitute
service revenues, $2.4 million more in cancellation and administrative fees, and
$1.6 million more in cargo and other affiliate company revenues, partially
offset by $0.5 million less revenue from the sale of surplus and obsolete
aircraft parts.
A substitute service agreement typically provides for the Company to
operate aircraft with its crews on routes designated by the customer airline to
carry the passengers of that airline for a limited period of time. The Company
has seen increased demand for this type of service in 1998 due to delays in new
aircraft deliveries being experienced by various airlines. The Company also
increased its administrative fee for change-of-reservation on non-refundable
scheduled service tickets from $50 to $60 per change effective August 1998, and
the volume of such fees earned also increased between years in proportion to the
increase in scheduled service passengers boarded.
OPERATING EXPENSES
Salaries, Wages and Benefits. Salaries, wages and benefits include the cost
of salaries and wages paid to the Company's employees, together with the
Company's cost of employee benefits and payroll-related local, state and federal
taxes. Salaries, wages and benefits expense in the third quarter of 1998
increased 22.5% to $53.4 million from $43.6 million in the third quarter of
1997, and increased 21.7% to $155.8 million in the nine months ended September
30, 1998, as compared to $128.0 million in the same period of 1997.
The Company increased its average equivalent employees by 20.0% and 17.9%,
respectively, between the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 1998
and 1997 in order to appropriately staff the growth in available seats offered
between periods. Categories of employees where this growth was most significant
included cockpit and cabin crews, reservations agents, airport passenger and
ramp service agents, and aircraft maintenance personnel, all of which are
influenced directly by flight activity. Some employment growth in the first nine
months of 1998 was also needed to correct for certain employee shortages in the
first nine months of 1997, particularly in the areas of cockpit crews,
reservations agents and airframe and power plant mechanics. Between the third
quarter of 1998 and the third quarter of 1997, jet departures increased by
12.4%, jet block hours increased by 6.5% and jet passengers boarded increased by
13.9%. Between the nine months ended September 30, 1998 and 1997, jet departures
increased by 16.5%, jet block hours increased by 12.4% and jet passengers
boarded increased by 13.8%.
The average rate of pay earned by the Company's employees (including all
categories of salaries, wages and benefits, except for variable compensation)
decreased 0.3% between the third quarters of 1998 and 1997, and increased by
0.3% between the nine month periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997. While
most employees received wage rate increases between years, new employees are
generally hired at lower average starting rates of pay than those rates in
effect for more senior employees. The increase in new employees between periods
largely offset the wage rate increases applicable to more senior employees.
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 1998, the Company recorded
$1.3 million and $6.5 million, respectively, in variable compensation as a
result of the significant improvement in earnings as compared to the same
periods of 1997, when no such compensation was incurred. In the second quarter
of 1997, however, a one-time charge of $2.0 million was recorded for variable
compensation expense associated with the resignation of the Company's former
President and Chief Executive Officer.
Salaries, wages and benefits cost per ASM increased 17.5% in the third
quarter of 1998 to 1.41 cents, as compared to 1.20 cents in the third quarter of
1997, and the cost per ASM increased 10.6% in
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the nine months ended September 30, 1998, to 1.46 cents, as compared to 1.32
cents in the same period of 1997. This unit-cost increase was attributable to
the faster rate of growth in average equivalent employees between years and to
the variable compensation earned in 1998, which was not earned in 1997.
Fuel and Oil. Fuel and oil expense decreased 14.8% to $35.6 million in the
third quarter of 1998, as compared to $41.8 million in the third quarter of
1997, and decreased 9.5% to $107.6 million in the nine months ended September
30, 1998, as compared to $118.9 million in the same period of 1997. These
decreases occurred despite the Company consuming 6.8% and 10.1%, respectively,
more gallons of jet fuel for flying operations in the third quarter and nine
months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997, which
resulted in an increase in fuel expense of approximately $2.8 million and $12.1
million, respectively, between comparable periods. Jet fuel consumption
increased due to the increased number of block hours of jet flying operations
between periods. The Company flew 38,003 jet block hours in the third quarter of
1998, as compared to 35,683 jet block hours in the same period of 1997, an
increase of 6.5% between quarters, and flew 110,372 jet block hours in the nine
months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to 98,226 jet block hours in the
same period of 1997, an increase of 12.4% between periods.
During the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 1998, the
Company's average cost per gallon of jet fuel consumed decreased by 19.0% and
19.3%, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 1997, resulting in a
decrease in fuel and oil expense of approximately $8.4 million and $25.8
million, respectively, between comparable periods. This reduction in fuel price
was experienced generally in the airline industry in the first nine months of
1998 as a result of significant reductions in average crude oil and distillate
product prices as compared to the same period of 1997.
During the first quarter of 1998, the Company entered into two fuel price
hedge contracts under which the Company sought to reduce the risk of fuel price
increases during February and March. The Company hedged approximately 27.3% of
first quarter 1998 gallon consumption under a swap agreement which established a
specific swap price for February and March, and hedged an additional 27.3% of
first quarter 1998 gallon consumption under a fuel cap agreement which
guaranteed a maximum price per gallon for February and March. In the first
quarter of 1998 the Company recorded $1.1 million in fuel and oil expense under
the swap agreement, and recorded $0.3 million for the premiums paid under the
fuel cap agreement.
During the second quarter of 1998, the Company entered into a fuel price
hedge agreement, providing a fuel price minimum and maximum guarantee for
approximately 39.8% of second quarter 1998 gallon consumption. The Company
recorded $0.7 million in fuel and oil expense under the agreement in the second
quarter of 1998.
The Company did not enter into any fuel price hedge agreements during the
third quarter of 1998, although such hedge agreements have been entered into for
a portion of expected fuel consumption in the fourth quarter of 1998 and the
first quarter of 1999.
Also during the nine months ended September 30, 1998, the Company incurred
approximately $0.5 million in higher fuel and oil expense than was incurred in
the nine months ended September 30, 1997 to operate the ATA Connection
Jetstream 31 aircraft pursuant to its agreement with Chicago Express.
Fuel and oil expense decreased 19.1% to 0.93 cents per ASM in the third
quarter of 1998, as compared to 1.15 cents per ASM in the third quarter of 1997,
and decreased 17.2% to 1.01 cents per ASM in the nine months ended September 30,
1998, as compared to 1.22 cents per ASM in same period of 1997. This unit cost
reduction was substantially due to the period-to-period decrease in the average
price of fuel consumed.
Handling, Landing and Navigation Fees. Handling and landing fees include
the costs incurred by the Company at airports to land and service its aircraft
and to handle passenger check-in, security and baggage where the Company elects
to use third-party contract services in lieu of its own employees. Where the
Company uses its own employees to perform ground handling functions, the
resulting cost appears within salaries, wages and benefits. Air navigation fees
are incurred when the Company's aircraft fly over certain foreign airspace.
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Handling, landing and navigation fees increased by 11.6% to $22.2 million
in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to $19.9 million in the third quarter
of 1997, and increased 5.7% to $57.5 million in the nine months ended September
30, 1998, as compared to $54.4 million in the same period of 1997. During the
three and nine month periods ended September 30, 1998, the average cost per
system jet departure for third-party aircraft handling decreased 2.3% and 5.7%,
respectively, as compared to the same periods of 1997. The total number of
system-wide jet departures between the third quarters of 1998 and 1997 increased
by 12.4% to 11,875 from 10,567, resulting in approximately $2.1 million in
volume-related handling and landing expense increases between periods, and the
total number of system-wide jet departures between the nine month periods ended
September 30, 1998 and 1997 increased by 16.5% to 34,749 from 29,840, resulting
in approximately $7.0 million in volume-related handling and landing expense
increases between years.
These volume-related increases were partially offset, however, by decreases
of approximately $0.2 million and $2.5 million, respectively, in
price-and-mix-related handling and landing expenses for the three and nine month
periods ending September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997,
attributable primarily to a change in jet departure mix. Because each airport
served by the Company has a different schedule of fees, including variable
prices for different aircraft types, average handling and landing fee costs are
a function of the mix of airports served and the fleet composition of departing
aircraft. On average, handling and landing fee costs for Lockheed L-1011
wide-body aircraft are higher than for narrow-body aircraft, and average costs
at foreign airports are higher than at U.S. domestic airports. As a result of
the shift of revenue production towards scheduled service operations in the
three and nine month periods ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same
periods of 1997, the Company's jet departures in the 1998 periods included
proportionately more domestic and narrow-body operations than in the 1997
periods. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 1998, approximately
80.5% and 80.8%, respectively, of the Company's jet departures were operated
with narrow-body aircraft, as compared to 78.0% and 77.7%, respectively in the
same periods of 1997; and 82.5% and 82.6%, respectively, of the Company's jet
departures in the three and nine months ended September 30, 1998 were from
domestic locations, as compared to 74.7% and 75.6%, respectively, in the same
periods of 1997.
The cost per ASM for handling, landing and navigation fees increased 5.5%
to 0.58 cents in the third quarter of 1998, from 0.55 cents in the third quarter
of 1997, and decreased 3.6% to 0.54 cents in the nine months ended September 30,
1998, as compared to 0.56 cents in the same period of 1997.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation reflects the periodic expensing
of the recorded cost of owned airframes and engines, leasehold improvements and
rotable parts for all fleet types, together with other property and equipment
owned by the Company. Amortization is primarily the periodic expensing of
capitalized airframe and engine overhauls for all fleet types on a
units-of-production basis using aircraft flight hours and cycles (landings) as
the units of measure. Depreciation and amortization expense increased 12.0% to
$18.6 million in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to $16.6 million in the
third quarter of 1997, and increased 26.7% to $58.3 million in the nine months
ended September 30, 1998, as compared to $46.0 million in the same period of
1997.
Depreciation expense attributable to owned airframes, leasehold
improvements and engines increased $1.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively,
in the three and nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same
periods of 1997. The Company purchased one Boeing 757-200 and one Boeing 727-200
aircraft in late 1997 which had been previously financed through operating
leases, thereby increasing depreciation expense on airframes and engines between
those periods. (The Company recorded a reduction in aircraft rental expense
between periods for the termination of operating leases for these aircraft,
which is further described below under 'Aircraft Rentals.') The Company also
incurred increased debt issue costs between years relating to debt facility and
senior unsecured notes issued in July 1997; recorded additional inventory
obsolescence expense for certain aircraft parts held for sale which were sold
during the first quarter of 1998; and increased its investment in rotable parts
and computer hardware and software, among other items of property and equipment.
These changes resulted in an increase in depreciation expense of $0.8 million in
the third quarter of 1998, as compared to the same period of 1997, and by $1.7
million in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the nine
months ended September 30, 1997.
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Amortization of capitalized engine and airframe overhauls increased $2.0
million and $8.3 million, respectively, in the three and nine months ended
September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997, after including the
offsetting amortization associated with manufacturers' credits. Changes to the
cost of overhaul amortization were partly due to the increase in total block
hours and cycles flown between comparable periods for the Boeing 727-200 and
Lockheed L-1011 fleets, since such expense varies with that activity, and partly
due to the completion of more engine and airframe overhauls between periods for
these fleet types. Rolls-Royce-powered Boeing 757-200 aircraft, six of which
were delivered new from the manufacturer between late 1995 and mid- 1998, are
not presently generating any engine or airframe overhaul expense, since the
initial post-delivery overhauls for these aircraft are not yet due under the
Company's maintenance programs.
Boeing 727-200 block hours increased 7.6% and 17.5%, respectively, and
cycles increased 13.4% and 21.3%, respectively, in the three and nine months
ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997. Engine and
airframe amortization for the Company's fleet of Boeing 727-200 aircraft
increased by approximately $2.6 million and $6.6 million, respectively, between
the same comparable periods, partly due to increases in flight activity as noted
above, and partly due to the completion of new overhauls for Pratt & Whitney
JT8D engines that power the Boeing 727-200 fleet, as well as additional airframe
overhauls. The number of such overhauls in service has increased as some Boeing
727-200 aircraft added to the Company's fleet in 1995 and 1996 have now
undergone their first overhauls under the Company's maintenance program.
In the third quarter of 1998 engine and airframe amortization expense for
the Company's Lockheed L-1011 fleet was approximately $0.4 million lower than in
the third quarter of 1997, due primarily to the realization of manufacturer'
credits applied to overhaul costs in that period. In the nine months ended
September 30, 1998, such engine and airframe amortization was approximately $1.4
million higher than in the same period of 1997. This increase was primarily due
to increases in total engine and airframe overhauls in service between those
periods, and was also partly due to slightly more flight activity for this fleet
type. Lockheed L-1011 block hours increased 0.6%, and cycles increased 0.4% in
the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same period of
1997.
The cost of engine overhauls that become worthless due to early engine
failures and which cannot be economically repaired is charged to depreciation
and amortization expense in the period the engine fails. Depreciation and
amortization expense attributable to these write-offs decreased $0.9 million in
the third quarter of 1998 as compared to the third quarter of 1997, and
increased $1.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 1998 as compared
to the same period of 1997. When these early engine failures can be economically
repaired, the related repairs are charged to aircraft maintenance, materials and
repairs expense.
Effective July 1, 1998, the Company extended the estimated useful life of
the 13 owned Lockheed L-1011 series 50 and series 100 aircraft to a common
retirement date of December 2004, and also reduced the estimated salvage value
of the related airframes, engines and rotables. The effect of this change in
estimate was to reduce depreciation expense in the three and nine months ended
September 30, 1998 by $972,000.
Depreciation and amortization expense per ASM increased 8.9% to 0.49 cents
in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to 0.45 cents in the third quarter of
1997, and increased 17.0% to 0.55 cents in the nine months ended September 30,
1998, as compared to 0.47 cents in the same period of 1997. These increases were
primarily due to the increased amount of overhaul cost incurred to maintain the
Company's Boeing 727-200 and Lockheed L-1011 airframes and engines. Airframes
and engines which originally enter the Company's fleet from time to time often
do not require such overhauls until several years later. Therefore, units added
to the Company's fleet over the last several years are currently scheduled for
or are undergoing overhaul. Such overhaul expense incurred and to be incurred is
incremental in comparison to prior periods. Although the Company's fleet of new
Boeing 757-200 aircraft has not yet begun this initial overhaul cycle, the
Company anticipates that it will do so beginning in late 1998 and 1999, at which
time increased overhaul amortization expense per ASM will be incurred for this
fleet type as well.
Aircraft Maintenance, Materials and Repairs. This expense includes the cost
of expendable aircraft spare parts, repairs to repairable and rotable aircraft
components, contract labor for heavy check and
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line maintenance activities, and other non-capitalized direct costs related to
fleet maintenance, including spare engine leases, parts loan and exchange fees,
and related shipping costs. Aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs expense
decreased 5.3% to $14.4 million in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to
$15.2 million in the third quarter of 1997, while it increased 3.7% to $41.6
million in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, from $40.1 million in the
same period of 1997.
The Company performed a total of 9 airframe checks on its fleet during the
third quarter of 1998, as compared to 12 such checks performed in the third
quarter of 1997, a decrease of 25.0% between quarters; while for the nine months
ended September 30, 1998, the Company performed 45 airframe checks, as compared
to 36 for the same period in 1997, a 25.0% increase between periods. The cost of
materials consumed and components repaired in association with such checks and
other maintenance activity increased by $0.8 million between the third quarters
of 1998 and 1997, while for the nine months ended September 30, 1998, these
expenses increased $2.4 million as compared to the same period of 1997.
Contract labor for the three and nine months ended September 30, 1998
decreased $1.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, as compared to the same
time periods in 1997. These reductions were due to one airframe check being
performed at a third-party vendor location in the third quarter of 1998, as
compared to 7 in the same period of 1997, and 15 airframe checks being performed
at third-party vendor locations in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as
compared to 14 in the same period of 1997. Contract labor is incurred when heavy
maintenance checks on the Company's airframes are performed by outside vendors
using their own personnel under maintenance programs approved and supervised by
the Company.
Many of the Company's aircraft under operating leases have certain return
conditions applicable to the maintenance status of airframes and engines as of
the termination of the lease. The Company accrues estimated return condition
costs as a component of maintenance, materials and repairs expense. The accrual
is based upon the actual condition of the aircraft as each lease termination
date approaches, and the Company's ability to estimate the expected cost of
conforming to these conditions. Return condition expenses accrued in the third
quarter of 1998 were $0.2 million lower than in the third quarter of 1997, while
for the nine months ended September 30, 1998, return condition expenses were
$0.7 million lower than in the same period of 1997, primarily due to the
negotiation of purchase options on some leased aircraft during the first quarter
of 1998, eliminating return condition obligations existing prior to those
negotiations.
The cost per ASM of aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs decreased
9.5% to 0.38 cents in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to 0.42 cents in
the third quarter of 1997, while the cost per ASM decreased 4.9% to 0.39 cents
in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to 0.41 cents for the
same period of 1997.
Aircraft Rentals. Aircraft rentals expense for the third quarter of 1998
decreased 0.7% to $13.4 million from $13.5 million in the third quarter of 1997,
and decreased 6.2% to $39.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 1998,
as compared to $41.8 million in the same period of 1997.
The Company returned one leased Boeing 757-200 to the lessor in the fourth
quarter of 1997, which reduced aircraft rentals expense by $1.0 million and $3.0
million, respectively, in the three and nine month periods ended September 30,
1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997. In September 1997, the Company
purchased one Boeing 757-200, and in December 1997 purchased one Boeing 727-200,
both of which had been previously leased; such purchases reduced aircraft
rentals expense by $0.9 million and $3.7 million, respectively, in the three and
nine month periods ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of
1997. The Company took delivery of one new Boeing 757-200 from the manufacturer
in December 1997, and a second new Boeing 757-200 in July 1998, which deliveries
increased aircraft rentals expense by $1.5 million and $3.5 million,
respectively, in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 1998, as
compared to the same periods of 1997. The Company also completed the sale and
leaseback of a previously owned Boeing 727-200 in September 1997, which
increased aircraft rentals expense by $0.2 million and $0.7 million,
respectively, in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 1998, as
compared to the same periods of 1997.
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Aircraft rentals cost per ASM for the third quarter of 1998 was 0.35 cents,
a decrease of 5.4% from 0.37 cents per ASM in the same period of 1997, and was
0.37 cents in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, a decrease of 14.0% as
compared to 0.43 cents in the same period of 1997. The cancellation of operating
leases and purchase of the Boeing 757-200 and Boeing 727-200 aircraft during
1997 was a primary cause for this unit cost reduction, although a related unit
cost increase was incurred for depreciation and amortization as a result of that
purchase.
Crew and Other Employee Travel. Crew and other employee travel is primarily
the cost of air transportation, hotels and per diem reimbursements to cockpit
and cabin crew members incurred to position crews away from their bases to
operate Company flights throughout the world. The cost of air transportation is
generally more significant for the commercial and military/government charter
business units since these flights often operate between cities in which Company
crews are not normally based and may involve extensive international positioning
of crews. Hotel and per diem expenses are incurred for scheduled, commercial and
military/government charter services, although higher per diem and hotel rates
generally apply to international assignments.
The cost of crew and other employee travel increased 8.7% to $11.3 million
in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to $10.4 million in the third quarter
of 1997, and increased 12.6% to $31.2 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 1998, as compared to $27.7 million in the same period of 1997.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 1998, the Company's average
full-time-equivalent cockpit and cabin crew employment was 10.0% and 13.8%
higher, respectively, than in the same periods of 1997, while jet block hours
flown increased by 6.5% and 12.4%, respectively, between the same periods.
Although the Company experienced some limited crew shortages in the first
quarter of 1998 associated with higher aircraft utilization, such shortages had
been substantially eliminated by the second quarter of 1998, thereby reducing
the related travel costs of moving some crews away from their bases. Shortages
of both cockpit and cabin crews were more significant in the first two quarters
of 1997, following the crew furlough which occurred in the fourth quarter of
1996, when crews were more frequently moved out of base to operate the Company's
worldwide schedule.
The average cost of hotel rooms per full-time-equivalent crew member
increased 9.7% and 6.9%, respectively, in the three and nine month periods ended
September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997. Such hotel costs
increased due to both higher room rates paid in 1998, and due to aircraft flow
changes associated with the Company's 1998 summer schedule which resulted in
more crews terminating their daily flying away from their home bases than in the
prior year.
The average cost of crew positioning per full-time-equivalent crew member
decreased 6.7% and 9.3%, respectively, in the three and nine month periods ended
September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997. Crew positioning
costs declined primarily due to the shift of revenue production from commercial
charter and military/government charter to scheduled service. Crews positioning
out of base for scheduled service can often position at no cost on Company
flights, whereas positioning to remote international locations for charter
service is usually done on other carriers at a substantial cost.
The average cost of crew per diem per full-time-equivalent crew member
decreased 3.2% in the third quarter of 1998 as compared to the third quarter of
1997, and increased 0.7% in the nine months ended September 30, 1998 ad compared
to the same period of 1997. The shift from charter to scheduled service, and the
change in scheduled service aircraft flows, had approximate equal and offsetting
effects on per diem between years.
The cost per ASM for crew and other employee travel was unchanged at 0.29
cents in the nine month periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997, and increased
by 3.4% to 0.30 cents in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to 0.29 cents in
the same period of 1997.
Passenger Service. Passenger service expense includes the onboard costs of
meal and non-alcoholic beverage catering, the cost of alcoholic beverages and
in-flight movie headsets sold, and the cost of onboard entertainment programs,
together with certain costs incurred for mishandled baggage and passengers
inconvenienced due to flight delays or cancellations. For the third quarters of
1998 and 1997, catering represented 81.6% and 83.5%, respectively, of total
passenger service expense, and for the nine month periods ended September 30,
1998 and 1997, catering represented 83.6% and 82.8%, respectively, of total
passenger service expense.
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The total cost of passenger service increased 2.0% to $10.2 million in the
third quarter of 1998, as compared to $10.0 million in the third quarter of
1997, and increased 4.3% to $26.9 million in the nine months ended September 30,
1998, as compared to $25.8 million in the same period of 1997. The Company
experienced a decrease of approximately 10.2% and 7.0%, respectively, in the
average unit cost of catering each passenger in the three and nine month periods
ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997, primarily
because in the 1998 periods there were relatively more scheduled service
passengers in the Company's business mix, who are provided a less expensive
catering product than the Company's longer-stage-length commercial and
military/government charter passengers. This resulted in a
price-and-business-mix reduction of $0.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively,
of catering expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 1998, as
compared to the same periods of 1997. Total jet passengers boarded, however,
increased 13.9% and 13.8%, respectively, between the same comparative periods,
resulting in approximately $0.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively, in
higher volume-related catering expenses between the same sets of comparative
periods.
The cost of handling passengers inconvenienced by flight delays and
cancellations increased by $0.3 million between the third quarters of 1998 and
1997 due to a 17.9% increase in the number of delayed flights per jet departure
in the 1998 third quarter as compared to the prior year. In the nine months
ended September 30, 1998 and 1997, such costs were approximately unchanged.
The cost per ASM of passenger service was unchanged at 0.27 cents in the
third quarters of 1998 and 1997, and decreased 3.8% to 0.25 cents in the nine
months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to 0.26 cents in the same period of
1997.
Commissions. The Company incurs commissions expense in association with the
sale by travel agents of single seats on scheduled service. In addition, the
Company incurs commissions to secure some commercial and military/government
charter business. Commissions expense decreased 1.4% to $6.9 million in the
third quarter of 1998, as compared to $7.0 million in the third quarter of 1997,
and increased 9.7% to $21.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 1998,
as compared to $19.6 million in the same period of 1997.
Scheduled service commissions expense increased by $0.1 million and $2.0
million, respectively, between the three and nine month periods ended September
30, 1998 and 1997. These increases were lower than the related increases of
32.3% and 41.7%, respectively, in scheduled service revenues for the same
periods, partially because of an industry-wide reduction in the standard travel
agency commission rate from 10% to 8% which became effective in October 1997,
and partially due to relatively more non-commissionable bulk seat scheduled
service sales being made in the three and nine month periods ended September 30,
1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997. Neither commercial charter nor
military/government charter commissions expense changed significantly between
the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997.
The cost per ASM of commissions expense was unchanged at 0.20 cents for the
nine month periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997, and decreased 5.3% to 0.18
cents in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to 0.19 cents in the third
quarter of 1997.
Other Selling Expenses. Other selling expenses are comprised of (i) booking
fees paid to computer reservation systems ('CRS') to reserve single-seat sales
for scheduled service; (ii) credit card discount expenses incurred when selling
single seats and ground packages to customers using credit cards for payment;
(iii) costs of providing toll-free telephone service, primarily to single-seat
and vacation package customers who contact the Company directly to book
reservations; and (iv) miscellaneous other selling expenses primarily associated
with single-seat sales. Other selling expenses increased 29.3% to $5.3 million
in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to $4.1 million in the third quarter
of 1997, and increased 51.4% to $16.5 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 1998, as compared to $10.9 million in the same period of 1997.
Scheduled service ASMs increased 17.8% and 27.5%, respectively, in the three and
nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997.
CRS fees increased $0.5 million and $2.4 million, respectively, in the
three and nine month periods ended September 30, 1998, as compared to the same
periods of 1997, due to both a 28.4% and 43.2% increase, respectively, in total
CRS bookings made for the expanded scheduled service business unit
S-33
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
between comparative periods, and due to a 4.7% and 8.1% increase, respectively,
in the average cost of each CRS booking. Bookings for the Company's scheduled
service seats are often confirmed several weeks or more in advance of the
customer's actual date of travel, and such booking expenses are therefore
frequently recognized one or more accounting periods in advance of the
recognition of the related revenues.
Toll-free telephone costs increased $0.7 million between the nine month
periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997, primarily due to higher toll-free
usage related to higher scheduled service reservations activity. Toll-free costs
were not significantly different between the third quarter of 1998 and 1997.
Credit card discount expense increased $0.7 million and $2.4 million,
respectively, in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 1998 and
1997, as compared to the same periods of 1997, due to higher 1998 earned
revenues in scheduled service which were sold using credit cards as payment.
Other selling cost per ASM increased 27.3% to 0.14 cents in the third
quarter of 1998, as compared to 0.11 cents in the same quarter of the previous
year, and increased 36.4% to 0.15 cents in the nine months ended September 30,
1998, as compared to 0.11 cents in the same period of 1997, primarily due to the
significant growth in scheduled service ASMs between years where such selling
expenses are incurred.
Ground Package Cost. Ground package cost is incurred by the Company to
reimburse hotels, car rental companies, cruise lines and similar vendors who
provide ground and cruise accommodations to Ambassadair and ATA Vacations
customers. Ground package cost increased 13.3% to $5.1 million in the third
quarter of 1998, as compared to $4.5 million in the third quarter of 1997, and
increased 7.1% to $15.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as
compared to $14.0 million in the same period of 1997. The number of Ambassadair
ground packages sold in the nine-month period ended September 30, 1998,
increased 21.8%, as compared to the same period of 1997, while the number of
Ambassadair ground packages sold was unchanged in the third quarters of 1998 and
1997. The average cost of Ambassadair ground packages sold increased by 17.0%
and 29.8%, respectively, between the three and nine month periods ended
September 30, 1998, as compared to the same periods of 1997. The number of ATA
Vacations ground packages sold in the three and nine-month periods ended
September 30, 1998 decreased 23.3% and 10.5%, respectively, as compared to the
same periods of 1997, while the average cost of ATA Vacations ground packages
sold increased by 4.6% and decreased by 7.6%, respectively.
The cost per ASM of ground packages increased 8.3% to 0.13 cents in the
third quarter of 1998, as compared to 0.12 cents in the third quarter of 1997,
and remained unchanged at 0.14 cents in the nine months ended September 30, 1998
and 1997.
Advertising. Advertising expense increased 37.5% to $4.4 million in the
third quarter of 1998, as compared to $3.2 million in the comparable period of
1997, and increased 36.7% to $13.4 million in the nine months ended September
30, 1998, as compared to $9.8 million in the same period of 1997. The Company
incurs advertising costs primarily to support single-seat scheduled service
sales and the sale of air-and-ground packages. Advertising support for these
lines of businesses was increased in the three and nine month periods ended
September 30, 1998, consistent with the Company's overall strategy to enhance
scheduled service RASM through increases in load factor and yield.
The 36.7% increase in total advertising expense in the nine months ended
September 30, 1998, was smaller than the 41.7% increase in scheduled service
revenues in the same period of 1998, since the majority of the Company's growth
in the first nine months of 1998 was from increased frequencies at existing
gateway cities such as Chicago-Midway, thus providing advertising efficiencies
in the 1998 period, as compared to the prior year. Such market-related
efficiency was not achieved in the third quarter of 1998, however, during which
advertising costs increased 37.5%, and scheduled service revenues grew by 32.3%,
as compared to the prior year. This lower efficiency was due to temporarily
higher advertising support required in the second and third quarters of 1998 for
the introduction of the Company's new services to Dallas-Ft. Worth, Denver, San
Juan, and New York's La Guardia airport, as well as to launch the Company's fall
promotions in September 1998.
S-34
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
The cost per ASM of advertising increased 33.3% to 0.12 cents in the third
quarter of 1998, as compared to 0.09 cents in the third quarter of 1997, and
increased by 20.0% to 0.12 cents in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as
compared to 0.10 cents in the same period of 1997.
Facility and Other Rentals. Facility and other rentals includes the cost of
all ground facilities that are leased by the Company such as airport space,
regional sales offices and general offices. The cost of facility and other
rentals increased 9.1% to $2.4 million in the third quarter of 1998, as compared
to $2.2 million in the third quarter of 1997, and increased 6.1% to $7.0 million
in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to $6.6 million in the
same period of 1997. The rate of growth in facilities costs between periods was
comparable to the 4.5% and 9.7% rates of ASM growth, respectively, in the three
and nine-month periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997, due to the addition of
new facilities for services to Denver, Dallas-Ft. Worth and New York's LaGuardia
airport between periods.
The cost per ASM for facility and other rentals was unchanged at 0.06 cents
in the third quarters of 1998 and 1997, and was unchanged at 0.07 cents in the
nine-month periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997.
Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses increased 19.9% to $16.3
million in the third quarter of 1998, as compared to $13.6 million in the third
quarter of 1997, and increased 19.8% to $47.7 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 1998, as compared to $39.8 million in the same period of 1997.
Other operating expenses which experienced significant changes between the third
quarters and nine months ended September 30, 1998 and 1997 included: (i) $0.7
million and $2.9 million, respectively, of additional costs for the Chicago
Express Jetstream 31 code share agreement, which agreement was not in effect in
the 1997 first quarter, and because such code share was expanded to include
Lansing and Madison in the first three quarters of 1998, which were not served
in 1997; (ii) $0.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in higher costs
associated with the short-term leasing of substitute aircraft, and the
reprotection of some of the Company's passengers on other airlines, due to
higher-than-normal delayed and irregular flight operations primarily in the
second quarter of 1998; and (iii) $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively,
in higher general, hull and liability insurance costs.
Other operating cost per ASM increased 16.2% to 0.43 cents in the third
quarter of 1998, as compared to 0.37 cents in the third quarter of 1997, and
increased 9.8% to 0.45 cents in the nine months ended September 30, 1998, as
compared to 0.41 cents in the same period of 1997.
Interest Income and Expense. Interest expense in the third quarter and nine
months ended September 30, 1998, increased to $3.2 million and $9.7 million,
respectively, as compared to $2.5 million and $5.8 million in the same periods
of 1997. The increase in interest expense between periods was primarily due to
changes in the Company's capital structure resulting from the two financings
completed on July 24, 1997, at which time the Company (i) sold $100.0 million
principal amount of 10.5% unsecured seven-year notes, and (ii) entered into a
new $50.0 million secured revolving credit facility, thereby replacing the
former secured revolving credit facility of $122.0 million as of June 30, 1997.
The capital structure of the Company, prior to completing these new
financings, provided for borrowings under the former credit facility to be
constantly adjusted to meet the expected cash flow requirements of the Company,
thereby minimizing the level of borrowings on which interest would be paid.
Under the new capital structure of the Company, the borrowings under the 10.5%
notes remain fixed at $100.0 million. During the third quarter and nine months
ended September 30, 1998, the Company's weighted average borrowings were
approximately $151.3 million and $152.3 million, respectively, as compared to
$119.0 million and $99.0 million in the comparable periods of 1997.
The weighted average effective interest rates applicable to the Company's
borrowings in the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 1998, were
8.47% and 8.47%, respectively, as compared to 8.45% and 7.86% in the comparable
periods of 1997. The increase in the weighted average effective interest rates
between years was primarily due to the 10.5% interest rate applicable to the
$100.0 million in unsecured notes issued on July 24, 1997, which was higher than
the average interest rate which was applicable to borrowings under the former
credit facility.
In order to reduce the interest expense impact of the $100.0 million of
10.5% unsecured notes, the Company invested excess cash balances in short-term
government securities and commercial paper and
S-35
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
thereby earned $1.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively, in interest income
in the three and nine months ended September 30, 1998, as compared to $0.6
million and $0.8 million earned in the same periods of 1997.
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
In the nine months ended September 30, 1998, income tax expense of $26.1
million was recorded, as compared to $5.2 million in the same period of 1997.
The effective tax rates applicable to the three and nine months ended September
30, 1998, were 40.4%, and 40.4%, respectively, as compared to 51.1% and 55.2% in
the same periods of 1997.
Income tax expense in both sets of comparative periods was significantly
affected by the permanent non-deductibility for federal income tax purposes of a
percentage of amounts paid for crew per diem (45% in 1998 and 50% in 1997). The
effect of this permanent difference on the effective income tax rate for
financial accounting purposes becomes more pronounced in cases where before-tax
income approaches zero, which was a significant reason for the higher effective
tax rate in the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 1997.
Income tax expense for the second quarter of 1997 was also significantly
affected by the one-time $2.0 million charge to salaries, wages and benefits for
the prepaid executive compensation package provided to the Company's former
President and Chief Executive Officer. Of the total compensation paid to this
former executive of the Company in 1997, approximately $1.7 million was
non-deductible against the Company's federal income taxes.
Year Ended December 31, 1997, Versus Year Ended December 31, 1996
CONSOLIDATED FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain key
operating and financial data for the consolidated flight operations of the
Company. Data shown for 'Jet' operations include the consolidated operations of
Lockheed L-1011, Boeing 727-200 and Boeing 757-200 aircraft in all of the
Company's business units. Data shown for 'J31' operations include operations
under the Chicago Express Arrangement.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures Jet............................................ 46,416 39,517 (6,899) (14.86)%
Departures J31(a)......................................... -- 10,091 10,091 N/M
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total Departures(b).................................. 46,416 49,608 3,192 6.88
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Block Hours Jet........................................... 138,114 129,216 (8,898) (6.44)
Block Hours J31........................................... -- 10,210 10,210 N/M
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total Block Hours(c)................................. 138,114 139,426 1,312 0.95
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
RPMs Jet (000s)........................................... 9,172,438 8,967,900 (204,538) (2.23)
RPMs J31 (000s)........................................... -- 18,055 18,055 N/M
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total RPMs (000s)(d)................................. 9,172,438 8,985,955 (186,483) (2.03)
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
ASMs Jet (000s)........................................... 13,295,505 12,615,230 (680,275) (5.12)
ASMs J31 (000s)........................................... -- 32,453 32,453 N/M
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total ASMs (000s)(e)................................. 13,295,505 12,647,683 (647,822) (4.87)
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Load Factor Jet........................................... 68.99 71.09 2.10 3.04
Load Factor J31........................................... -- 55.63 N/M N/M
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total Load Factor(f)................................. 68.99 71.05 2.06 2.99
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Passengers Enplaned Jet................................... 5,680,496 5,210,578 (469,918) (8.27)
Passengers Enplaned J31................................... -- 96,812 96,812 N/M
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
Total Passengers Enplaned(g)......................... 5,680,496 5,307,390 (373,106) (6.57)
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
</TABLE>
(table continued on next page)
S-36
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(table continued from previous page)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue (000s)............................................ $750,851 $783,193 $32,342 4.31%
RASM in cents(h).......................................... 5.65[c] 6.19[c] 0.54[c] 9.56[c]
CASM in cents(i).......................................... 5.92 6.09 0.17 2.87
Yield in cents(j)......................................... 8.19 8.72 0.53 6.47
</TABLE>
- ------------
N/M -- Not Meaningful
See footnotes (a) through (j) on pages S-19 and S-20.
OPERATING REVENUES
Total operating revenues for 1997 increased 4.3% to $783.2 million from
$750.9 million in 1996. This increase was due to a $1.6 million increase in
commercial charter revenues and a $47.0 million increase in military charter
revenues, partially offset by a $14.7 million decrease in scheduled service
revenues and a $1.6 million decrease in other revenues.
Scheduled Service Revenues. The following table sets forth, for the periods
indicated, certain key operating and financial data for the scheduled service
operations of the Company. Data shown for 'Jet' operations include the combined
operations of Lockheed L-1011, Boeing 727-200 and Boeing 757-200 aircraft in
scheduled service. Data shown for 'J31' operations include operations under the
Chicago Express Arrangement.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures Jet............................................. 31,467 23,800 (7,667) (24.37)%
Departures J31(a).......................................... -- 10,091 10,091 N/M
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Total Departures(b)................................... 31,467 33,891 2,424 7.70
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Block Hours Jet............................................ 85,836 72,883 (12,953) (15.09)
Block Hours J31............................................ -- 10,210 10,210 N/M
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Total Block Hours(c).................................. 85,836 83,093 (2,743) (3.20)
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
RPMs Jet (000s)............................................ 4,918,045 4,523,245 (394,800) (8.03)
RPMs J31 (000s)............................................ -- 18,055 18,055 N/M
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Total RPMs (000s)(d).................................. 4,918,045 4,541,300 (376,745) (7.66)
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
ASMs Jet (000s)............................................ 7,304,897 6,209,825 (1,095,072) (14.99)
ASMs J31 (000s)............................................ -- 32,453 32,453 N/M
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Total ASMs (000s)(e).................................. 7,304,897 6,242,278 (1,062,619) (14.55)
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Load Factor Jet............................................ 67.33 72.84 5.51 8.18
Load Factor J31............................................ -- 55.63 N/M N/M
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Total Load Factor(f).................................. 67.33 72.75 5.42 8.05
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Passengers Enplaned Jet.................................... 3,551,141 3,087,706 (463,435) (13.05)
Passengers Enplaned J31.................................... -- 96,812 96,812 N/M
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Total Passengers Enplaned(g).......................... 3,551,141 3,184,518 (366,623) (10.32)
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Revenues (000s)............................................ $386,488 $371,762 $(14,726) (3.81)
RASM in cents(h)........................................... 5.29[c] 5.96[c] 0.67[c] 12.67
Yield in cents(j).......................................... 7.86 8.19 0.33 4.20
Revenues per segment(k).................................... $ 108.83 $ 116.74 $ 7.91 7.27
</TABLE>
- ------------
N/M -- Not Meaningful
See footnotes (a) through (k) on pages S-19 and S-20.
Scheduled service revenues in 1997 decreased 3.8% to $371.8 million from
$386.5 million in 1996. Scheduled service revenues comprised 47.5% of
consolidated revenues in 1997, as compared to 51.5%
S-37
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
of consolidated revenues in 1996. Scheduled service RPMs decreased 7.7% to 4.541
billion from 4.918 billion, while ASMs decreased 14.6% to 6.242 billion from
7.305 billion, resulting in an increase of 5.5 points in passenger load factor
to 72.8% in 1997, from 67.3% in 1996. Scheduled service yield in 1997 increased
4.2% to 8.19 cents from 7.86 cents in 1996, while RASM increased 12.7% to 5.96
cents from 5.29 cents between the same periods. Scheduled service departures in
1997 increased 7.7% to 33,891 from 31,467 in 1996; block hours decreased 3.2% to
83,093 in 1997, from 85,836 in 1996; and passengers boarded decreased 10.3%
between periods to 3,184,518, as compared to 3,551,141.
The Company added scheduled service capacity during the second and third
quarters of 1996 which primarily included expanded direct and connecting
frequencies through the Company's four major gateway cities of Chicago-Midway,
Indianapolis, Milwaukee and Boston to west coast and Florida markets already
being served. New seasonal scheduled service was also introduced in the second
and third quarters of 1996 from New York to Shannon and Dublin, Ireland, and
Belfast, Northern Ireland, and from the midwest to Seattle. New year-round
service also commenced to San Diego, California, in the second quarter of 1996.
The introduction of this new capacity coincided closely, however, with the
May 11, 1996 ValuJet accident in Florida, and the resulting persistent negative
media attention directed toward airline safety, and especially toward low-fare
airlines. On May 12, the Company experienced a cabin decompression incident on
one of its own flights which, although it resulted in no serious injury to crew
or passengers, it nevertheless attracted additional negative media attention,
occurring as it did one day after the ValuJet tragedy. As a consequence, during
the second and third quarters of 1996, the Company estimates that it lost
significant scheduled service revenues from both canceled reservations and
reservations which were never received.
An analysis by the Company in 1996 of the profitability of its scheduled
service and commercial and military charter service business units disclosed
that a number of scheduled service markets then being served by the Company had
become unprofitable at that point in time.
As a result of this analysis, in August 1996, the Company announced a
significant restructuring of scheduled service operations. The Company
eliminated its Boston and intra-Florida scheduled service operations and also
exited, or reduced in frequency, certain markets served from Chicago-Midway,
Indianapolis and Milwaukee. In conjunction with this restructuring, the Company
completed a 15% reduction in its employee and contract work forces by the end of
1996.
In addition, the Company re-evaluated the relative economic performance of
its three aircraft fleet types in the context of the restructured markets to be
served by the Company and optimized the type and number of aircraft through a
fleet restructuring which was completed by the end of 1996. The Company reduced
the number of Boeing 757-200 aircraft from 11 units at the end of 1995 to seven
units at the end of 1996. The remaining seven Boeing 757-200 aircraft are all
powered by Rolls-Royce engines. The Company committed the seven Boeing 757-200s
to mission-specific uses in the U.S. military and scheduled service business
units.
On April 3, 1996 the Company implemented a code share agreement with
Chicago Express to provide incremental connecting traffic between Indianapolis,
Milwaukee and other smaller midwestern cities into the Company's Chicago-Midway
connections with certain Florida and west-coast destinations. This code share
agreement, as amended effective April 1, 1997, is the Chicago Express
Arrangement. Under the Chicago Express Arrangement, as amended, Chicago Express
operates 19-seat Jetstream 31 propeller aircraft between Chicago-Midway and the
cities of Indianapolis, Milwaukee, Des Moines, Dayton, Grand Rapids, Lansing,
and Madison on behalf of the Company.
After the 1996 Restructuring, the Company's 1997 core jet scheduled service
included flights between Chicago-Midway and five Florida cities, Las Vegas,
Phoenix, Los Angeles and San Francisco; Indianapolis to four Florida cities, Las
Vegas and Cancun; Milwaukee to three Florida cities; Hawaii service from San
Francisco, Los Angeles and Phoenix; and service between Orlando and San Juan and
Nassau.
As a result of the 1996 Restructuring, scheduled service profitability was
substantially improved in 1997 as compared to 1996. Profitability was enhanced
through a combination of significantly higher load factors and yields between
periods, even though total revenues in scheduled service declined between
S-38
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
years. The Company believes that profitability was enhanced in this business
unit through the selective elimination of flights which had previously produced
below-average load factors and yield, and that the elimination of intra-Florida
flying in particular was a prominent factor in this improvement. Profitability
was further enhanced in certain scheduled service markets through the
reassignment of aircraft fleet types to provide better balance within markets
between revenues, costs, and aircraft operational capabilities.
Scheduled service profitability improvement in 1997 was accomplished in
spite of what would normally have been a demand-dampening effect from the
re-introduction of the U.S. departure and 10% federal excise taxes on tickets on
March 7, 1997, which had expired on January 1, 1997. In August 1997, federal
legislation was enacted which indefinitely extends these taxes until 2007. The
U.S. departure tax for international destinations was increased from $6 to $12
per passenger, and a new U.S. arrivals tax of $12 per passenger was added for
passengers arriving into the United States from international cities. Effective
October 1, 1997, the new tax law also changed the method of computation of the
federal excise tax from a standard 10% of ticket sale value, to a declining
percentage of ticket sale value (ranging from 9.0% to 7.5%), plus an increasing
inflation-indexed charge per passenger segment flown (ranging from $1 to $3).
The Company does not currently believe that the change in federal excise tax
computation has placed it at either a significant pricing advantage or
disadvantage as compared to the previous computation method. The Company does
believe that certain of its low-fare competitors may be disadvantaged by the new
computation method due to their lower average segment fares and higher average
intermediate stops as compared to the Company in similar markets.
The Company began new service in June 1997, between New York's John F.
Kennedy International Airport and Chicago-Midway, Indianapolis and St.
Petersburg, and also added several frequencies between the midwest and the west
coast for the summer season. New York service to Chicago-Midway and St.
Petersburg was retained for the 1997-98 winter season.
Commercial Charter Revenues. The following table sets forth, for the
periods indicated, certain key operating and financial data for the commercial
charter flying operations of the Company.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
--------- --------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures(b)................................................. 10,920 10,589 (331) (3.03)%
Block Hours(c)................................................ 38,154 36,836 (1,318) (3.45)
RPMs (000s)(d)................................................ 3,470,450 3,373,840 (96,610) (2.78)
ASMs (000s)(e)................................................ 4,363,220 4,169,102 (194,118) (4.45)
Passengers Enplaned(g)........................................ 1,854,262 1,840,056 (14,206) (0.77)
Revenue (000s)................................................ $226,372 $228,062 $1,690 0.75
RASM in cents(h).............................................. 5.19[c] 5.47[c] 0.28[c] 5.39
</TABLE>
- ------------
See footnotes (b) through (h) on pages S-19 and S-20.
Commercial charter revenues derived from independent tour operators and
specialty charter customers increased 0.8% to $228.1 million in 1997, as
compared to $226.4 million in 1996. Commercial charter RPMs decreased 2.8% to
3.374 billion in 1997 from 3.470 billion in 1996, while ASMs decreased 4.4% to
4.169 billion from 4.363 billion. Commercial charter RASM increased 5.4% to 5.47
cents from 5.19 cents between the same periods. Passengers boarded decreased
0.8% to 1,840,056 in 1997, as compared to 1,854,262 in 1996; departures
decreased 3.0% to 10,589 in 1997, as compared to 10,920 in 1996; and block hours
decreased 3.5% to 36,836 in 1997, as compared to 38,154 in 1996.
S-39
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
Military/Government Charter Revenues. The following table sets forth, for
the periods indicated, certain key operating and financial data for the military
flight business of the Company.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
--------- --------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures(b)................................................. 3,414 4,860 1,446 42.36%
Block Hours(c)................................................ 12,294 18,704 6,410 52.14
RPMs (000s)(d)................................................ 665,494 1,044,317 378,823 56.92
ASMs (000s)(e)................................................ 1,442,113 2,165,169 723,056 50.14
Passengers Enplaned(g)........................................ 185,575 265,862 80,287 43.26
Revenue (000s)................................................ $84,197 $131,115 $46,918 55.72
RASM in cents(h).............................................. 5.84[c] 6.06[c] 0.22[c] 3.77
</TABLE>
- ------------
See footnotes (b) through (h) on pages S-19 and S-20.
Revenues derived from the U.S. military increased 55.7% to $131.1 million
in 1997, as compared to $84.2 million in 1996. In 1997, the Company's U.S.
military revenues represented 16.8% of consolidated revenues, as compared to
11.2% in 1996. U.S. military RPMs increased 56.9% to 1.044 billion in 1997, from
665.5 million in 1996, while ASMs increased 50.1% to 2.165 billion from 1.442
billion. Military RASM increased 3.8% to 6.06 cents from 5.84 cents between the
same time periods. U.S. military passengers boarded increased 43.3% to 265,862
in 1997, as compared to 185,575 in 1996; departures increased 42.4% to 4,860 in
1997, as compared to 3,414 in 1996; and block hours increased 52.1% to 18,704 in
1997 as compared to 12,294 in 1996.
The U.S. military business grew at a faster year-over-year rate than any
other business unit of the Company during 1997. As a result of the restructuring
of scheduled service and the reconfiguration of the Company's fleet in 1996, the
Company committed four of its seven remaining Boeing 757-200 aircraft to the
U.S. military for the contract year ending September 30, 1997. As a result of an
analysis undertaken during 1996, the Company was also successful in more
accurately documenting the actual costs associated with military flying and was
therefore able to obtain rate increases for the contract year ending September
30, 1997. The Company has obtained additional rate increases for the contract
year ending September 30, 1998.
Ground Package Revenues. In 1997 and 1996, ground package revenues were
unchanged at $22.3 million.
In 1997, total Ambassadair packages sold increased 9.4% over 1996, and the
average revenue earned for each ground package sold increased 8.2% between
periods.
During 1997, the number of ATA Vacations ground packages sold increased
0.5% as compared to 1996. Lack of growth in the number of ground packages sold
between periods was mainly due to the reduction of the Company's scheduled
service operations between years. During 1997, the average revenue earned for
each ground package sold decreased 15.8% as compared to 1996.
Other Revenues. Other revenues decreased 5.1% to $29.9 million in 1997, as
compared to $31.5 million in 1996, primarily due to a reduction in revenues
earned between periods by providing substitute service to other airlines,
partially offset by increases in other miscellaneous revenue categories. A
substitute service agreement typically provides for the Company to operate
aircraft with its crews on routes designated by the customer airline to carry
the passengers of that airline for a limited period of time.
OPERATING EXPENSES
Salaries, Wages and Benefits. Salaries, wages and benefits expense in 1997
increased 5.2% to $172.5 million from $164.0 million in 1996.
Approximately $3.2 million of the increase between periods was attributable
to changes made in the third quarter of 1996 in senior executive positions and
associated senior executive compensation plans. Special compensation totaling
$3.0 million was prepaid to the Company's former President and Chief Executive
Officer during the fourth quarter of 1996 and the first quarter of 1997, which
was being
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<PAGE>
amortized to expense over the anticipated two-year term of his employment ending
August 1998. Due to his resignation in late May 1997, a one-time charge to
expense for the unamortized $2.0 million prepaid balance was made in the second
quarter of 1997 to salaries, wages and benefits, whereas no such charge to
expense was incurred in the prior year.
The cost of salaries and wages earned by cockpit crew members and related
flight operations support staff in 1997 was approximately $5.8 million higher
than in 1996. These cost increases were incurred even though jet block hours
flown by cockpit crew members declined by 6.4% between periods. This increase in
the unit cost of cockpit crews was attributable to the following significant
factors: (i) the implementation of the cockpit crew collective bargaining
agreement in August 1996, under which a 7.5% rate increase became effective;
(ii) crew utilization for U.S. military flying was significantly lower than for
scheduled service and tour operator flying, and U.S. military block hours
increased as a percentage of total block hours to 14.5% in 1997, as compared to
8.9% in 1996; (iii) cockpit crew shortages during the first three quarters of
1997 resulted in the need to increase premium pay to cockpit crew members in
order to adequately staff the spring and summer flying schedule; and (iv)
cockpit crew productivity was reduced by the fleet restructuring completed
during 1996, which increased the percentage of jet block hours flown by
three-crew-member aircraft (Lockheed L-1011 and Boeing 727-200) to 78.9% in
1997, as compared to 70.6% in 1996.
The salaries, wages and benefits cost for other employee groups declined by
$0.8 million in 1997 as compared to 1996. These costs declined partially as a
result of the decline in equivalent full-time employment between periods. Total
equivalent full-time employment declined by 7.7% between years, although
equivalent full-time employment in the fourth quarter of 1997 was 10.0% higher
that in the fourth quarter of 1996. The increase in employment in late 1997 was
primarily due to the addition of cockpit and cabin crews and reservations agents
to adequately staff expected growth in flying capacity in 1998 compared to the
fourth quarter of 1996 when the Company had just completed significant staff
reductions.
In addition to those planned staff reductions completed during the fourth
quarter of 1996, the change in salaries, wages and benefits expense for other
employee groups was significantly affected by reduced employment in Maintenance
and Engineering, which accounted for a $1.4 million reduction in expense between
1997 and 1996. Employment of Maintenance and Engineering staff, such as airframe
and powerplant mechanics and engineers, was constrained in 1997 by broad
shortages in related labor markets attributable to very strong current demand
for these skills within the airline industry. The Company compensated for some
of these shortages in 1997 by acquiring these skills through third-party
contract labor vendors. The cost of maintenance contract labor (which is a
component of Aircraft Maintenance, Materials and Repairs) increased by $2.3
million in 1997 as compared to 1996.
Salaries, wages and benefits cost per ASM increased 10.6% in 1997 to 1.36
cents, as compared to 1.23 cents in 1996.
Fuel and Oil. Fuel and oil expense for 1997 decreased 4.7% to $153.7
million from $161.2 million in 1996. During 1997, as compared to 1996, the
Company consumed 3.1% fewer gallons of jet fuel for flying operations, which
resulted in a reduction in fuel expense of approximately $5.4 million between
periods. The reduction in jet fuel consumed was due to the reduced number of
block hours of jet flying operations between years. The Company flew 129,216 jet
block hours in 1997, as compared to 138,114 jet block hours in 1996, a decrease
of 6.4% between periods. During 1997, the Company's average cost per gallon of
fuel consumed decreased by 1.8% as compared to 1996, which resulted in a
decrease in fuel and oil expense of approximately $2.9 million between years.
Also during the last three quarters of 1997, the Company incurred approximately
$1.0 million in fuel and oil expense to operate the Jetstream 31 aircraft under
its agreement with Chicago Express, which was not in effect in the last three
quarters of 1996.
Fuel and oil expense increased 0.8% to 1.22 cents per ASM in 1997, as
compared to 1.21 cents per ASM in 1996. The increase in the cost per ASM of fuel
and oil expense between periods was partly due to the change in mix of jet block
hours flown from the more-fuel-efficient twin-engine Boeing 757-200 aircraft to
the less-fuel-efficient three-engine Boeing 727-200 and Lockheed L-1011
aircraft. In 1997, 21.1% of total jet block hours were flown by the Boeing
757-200 fleet, as compared to 29.4% in 1996.
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<PAGE>
The increase in cost per ASM caused by the shift in fleet mix of jet block hours
flown was substantially offset by the 1.8% reduction in the average cost of jet
fuel between periods.
Handling, Landing and Navigation Fees. Handling, landing and navigation
fees decreased by 1.0% to $69.4 million in 1997, as compared to $70.1 million in
1996. During 1997, the average cost per system jet departure for third-party
aircraft handling increased 6.9% as compared to 1996, and the average cost of
landing fees per system jet departure increased 5.2% between the same periods.
Due to the restructuring of scheduled service in the fourth quarter of 1996, the
absolute number of system-wide jet departures between 1997 and 1996 declined by
14.9% to 39,517 from 46,416, which resulted in approximately $7.4 million in
volume-related handling and landing expense reductions between periods. This
volume-related decline was partially offset, however, by an approximately $4.8
million price-related handling and landing expense increase between periods
attributable primarily to a change in jet departure mix. Because each airport
served by the Company has a different schedule of fees, including variable
prices for different aircraft types, average handling and landing fee costs are
a function of the mix of airports served and the fleet composition of departing
aircraft. On average, handling and landing fee costs for Lockheed L-1011
wide-body aircraft are higher than for narrow-body aircraft, and average costs
at foreign airports are higher than at many U.S. domestic airports. As a result
of the reduction in the Company's narrow-body Boeing 757-200 fleet and the shift
of revenue production towards charter operations, the Company's jet departures
in 1997 included proportionately more international and wide-body operations
than in 1996. In 1997, 21.1% of the Company's jet departures were operated with
wide-body aircraft, as compared to 19.4% in 1996, and 22.4% of the Company's
1997 jet departures were from international locations, as compared to 18.9% in
the prior year.
The cost per ASM for handling, landing and navigation fees increased 3.8%
to 0.55 cents in 1997, from 0.53 cents in 1996.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense
increased 1.3% to $62.5 million in 1997, as compared to $61.7 million in 1996.
Depreciation expense attributable to owned airframes and engines decreased
$0.4 million in 1997 as compared to 1996. The Company reduced its year-over-year
investment in engines and airframe improvements due to the reconfiguration of
the Boeing 757-200 fleet in the fourth quarter of 1996. As a result of the net
reduction of four Boeing 757-200 aircraft at the end of 1996, as compared to the
end of 1995, and the complete elimination of Pratt & Whitney-powered Boeing
757-200s from the fleet, some airframe and leasehold improvements were disposed
of, and all spare Pratt & Whitney engines and rotable parts were reclassified as
Assets Held for Sale in the accompanying balance sheet. None of these assets
therefore gave rise to depreciation expense in 1997. The Company did increase
its investment in computer equipment and furniture and fixtures between years;
placed the west bay of the renovated Midway Hangar No. 2 into service in
mid-1996; and incurred increased debt issue costs between years relating to debt
facility and senior unsecured notes issued, as well as aircraft lease
negotiations completed primarily in the fourth quarter of 1996. These changes,
together with increased costs pertaining to remaining rotable components and the
provision for obsolescence of aircraft parts inventories, resulted in an
increase in depreciation expense of $0.8 million in 1997 as compared to 1996.
Amortization of capitalized engine and airframe overhauls increased $0.4
million in 1997 as compared to 1996 after including the offsetting amortization
associated with manufacturers' credits. Changes to the cost of overhaul
amortization were partly due to the reduction of total block hours and cycles
flown between comparable periods. This expense was also favorably impacted by
the late-1996 reconfiguration of the Boeing 757-200 fleet and, in particular,
the disposal of all Pratt & Whitney-powered Boeing 757-200 aircraft. All
unamortized net book values of engine and airframe overhauls pertaining to the
Pratt & Whitney-powered aircraft were charged to the cost of the disposal of
these assets in the third quarter of 1996. The Company's seven remaining
Rolls-Royce-powered Boeing 757-200 aircraft, four of which were delivered new
from the manufacturer in late 1995 and late 1996, are not presently generating
any engine and airframe overhaul expense since the initial post-delivery
overhauls for the Rolls-Royce-powered Boeing 757-200s are not yet due under the
Company's maintenance programs. The net reduction in engine and airframe
amortization expense in 1997 pertaining to changes in the Company's Boeing
757-200 fleet was approximately $3.5 million as compared to 1996. Engine and
airframe amortization for the Company's fleet of Boeing 727-200 aircraft
increased by approximately
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<PAGE>
$2.6 million in 1997 as compared to 1996 due to the on-going expansion of this
fleet type and due to the completion of new overhauls for Pratt & Whitney JT8D
engines that power the Boeing 727-200 fleet. The increase between years in
engine and airframe amortization expense for the Company's Lockheed L-1011 fleet
was approximately $0.8 million, which was primarily due to the addition of
airframe overhauls to the fleet.
Depreciation and amortization expense per ASM increased 6.5% to 0.49 cents
in 1997, as compared to 0.46 cents in the prior year.
Aircraft Rentals. Aircraft rentals expense for 1997 decreased 16.8% to
$54.4 million in 1997 from $65.4 million in 1996. This decrease was primarily
attributable to the reconfiguration of the Company's Boeing 757-200 fleet in the
fourth quarter of 1996, as a result of which the number of Boeing 757-200
aircraft operated by the Company was reduced by four units. The reduction in the
size of the Boeing 757-200 fleet was an integral component of the Company's 1996
restructuring of scheduled service, based upon profitability analysis which
disclosed that, for some uses of the Boeing 757-200 in the Company's markets, it
was more profitable to substitute other aircraft with lower ownership costs.
Aircraft rentals expense declined by $14.4 million between 1997 and 1996 as a
result of the Boeing 757-200 fleet restructuring.
Four additional Boeing 727-200 aircraft were acquired and financed by
sale/leasebacks at various times during the first three quarters of 1996, while
one Boeing 727-200 aircraft previously on an operating lease was purchased
during the second quarter of 1996, and was subsequently sold and leased back in
September 1997. The net increase in leased Boeing 727-200 aircraft between
years, together with the incorporation of hushkits into new sale/leasebacks of
several Boeing 727-200 aircraft between periods, added approximately $3.2
million in aircraft rentals expense between 1997 and 1996.
Aircraft rentals expense for 1997 was 0.43 cents per ASM, a decrease of
12.2% from 0.49 cents per ASM in 1996. The period-to-period decrease in the size
of the Boeing 757-200 fleet was a significant factor in this change since the
rental cost of ASMs produced by this fleet type was significantly higher than
for the Company's other aircraft.
Aircraft Maintenance, Materials and Repairs. Aircraft maintenance,
materials and repairs expense decreased 6.7% to $51.5 million in 1997, as
compared to $55.2 million in 1996. The cost per ASM decreased by 2.4% to 0.41
cents in 1997, as compared to 0.42 cents in the prior year.
Repair costs were $4.2 million lower in 1997 as compared to the prior year.
This was due to a reduction in both the total number of repairs performed and
the average unit cost of repairs between periods. Negotiations were completed in
early 1997 with several repair vendors which resulted in reduced unit charges
for some repair activity. Additionally, the Company established a maintenance
disposition board in late 1996 which carefully reviews significant repair
decisions in light of anticipated fleet requirements and the available quantity
of serviceable components in stock.
The cost of expendable parts consumed increased $1.9 million in 1997, as
compared to 1996. The increase in the cost of expendable parts consumed was
closely related to the Company's heavy maintenance check programs for its fleet,
which resulted in several more heavy airframe checks being completed in 1997
than in the previous year.
The cost of maintenance contract labor increased by $2.3 million in 1997,
as compared to 1996. As explained above under 'Salaries, Wages and Benefits,'
the Company increased its utilization of maintenance contract labor in 1997 to
compensate for some shortages of airframe and powerplant mechanics and
engineers.
The cost of parts loans and exchanges was $1.3 million lower in 1997, as
compared to 1996 due to improved internal procedures to limit the need for such
loans and exchanges.
Return condition expenses accrued in 1997 were $1.8 million lower than in
1996, primarily due to the negotiation of new terms and conditions for several
aircraft leases during 1997, which eliminated return condition obligations which
had existed prior to those negotiations.
Crew and Other Employee Travel. The cost of crew and other employee travel
increased 1.9% to $36.6 million in 1997, as compared to $35.9 million in 1996.
During 1997, the Company's average full-time-equivalent cockpit and cabin crew
employment was 8.6% lower as compared to the prior year,
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<PAGE>
even though jet block hours decreased by only 6.4% between periods. Although the
Company did experience some crew shortages in the first quarter of 1996
associated with severe winter weather, shortages of both cockpit and cabin crews
were more chronic in the first nine months of 1997, and per-crew-member travel
costs were consequently higher since crews spent greater amounts of time away
from their bases to operate the Company's schedule. In addition, average crew
travel costs for the U.S. military and specialty charter businesses are much
higher than for track charter and scheduled service since these flights more
often operate away from crew bases.
The cost per ASM for crew and other employee travel increased 7.4% to 0.29
cents in 1997, as compared to 0.27 cents in 1996.
Passenger Service. For 1997 and 1996, catering represented 83.0% and 80.4%,
respectively, of total passenger service expense.
The cost of passenger service increased 0.3% in 1997 to $32.8 million, as
compared to $32.7 million in 1996. This change between periods was primarily due
to an increase of approximately 8.4% in the average cost to cater each
passenger, offset by a decrease of 8.3% in jet passengers boarded to 5,210,578
in 1997, as compared to 5,680,496 in 1996. Catering unit cost increased due to a
change in the mix of passengers boarded from fewer scheduled service toward more
charter and military passengers; the latter passengers, particularly military,
are the most expensive passengers to cater in the Company's business mix.
Military and charter passengers accounted for 40.4% of passengers boarded in
1997, as compared to 35.9% of passengers boarded in 1996.
The cost per ASM of passenger service increased 4.0% to 0.26 cents in 1997,
as compared to 0.25 cents in 1996.
Commissions. Commissions expense decreased 2.2% to $26.1 million in 1997,
as compared to $26.7 million in 1996. Scheduled service commissions expense
declined by $2.2 million between periods, primarily as a result of the decline
in total scheduled service revenues earned, and also as a result of an
industry-wide reduction in the standard travel agency commission rate from 10%
to 8% during October 1997. Military and commercial charter commissions expense
increased by $1.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively, due to the increased
level of commissionable revenues earned in those business units in 1997, as
compared to 1996.
The cost per ASM of commissions expense increased by 5.0% to 0.21 cents in
1997, as compared to 0.20 cents in 1996.
Ground Package Cost. Ground package cost increased 5.5% to $19.2 million in
1997, as compared to $18.2 million in 1996. The increase in cost between periods
was primarily due to a 9.4% increase in the number of Ambassadair ground
packages sold. There was no material change in the average cost of ground
packages sold between years.
Ground package cost per ASM increased by 7.1% to 0.15 cents in 1997, as
compared to 0.14 cents in 1996.
Other Selling Expenses. Other selling expenses decreased 11.9% to $15.5
million in 1997, as compared to $17.6 million in 1996.
CRS fees decreased $1.3 million in 1997, as compared to 1996 due to both a
7.7% decrease in total CRS bookings made for the smaller scheduled service
business unit between periods, and due to a 14.4% reduction in the average cost
of each CRS booking made between years. Toll-free telephone costs decreased $0.7
million between periods due to less usage and lower rates.
Other selling cost per ASM decreased 7.7% to 0.12 cents in 1997, as
compared to 0.13 cents in the previous year.
Advertising. Advertising expense increased 23.3% to $12.7 million in 1997,
as compared to $10.3 million in 1996. The Company incurs advertising costs
primarily to support single-seat scheduled service sales and the sale of
air-and-ground packages. Advertising support for these lines of business was
increased in 1997 consistent with the Company's overall strategy to enhance RASM
in these businesses through increases in load factor and yield. Additionally,
advertising was comparatively low in the third quarter of 1996 due to the
restructuring of numerous scheduled service markets which was initiated in the
latter part of that quarter.
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<PAGE>
<PAGE>
The cost per ASM of advertising increased 25.0% to 0.10 cents in 1997, as
compared to 0.08 cents in 1996. This increase in cost per ASM resulted from
higher absolute advertising dollars being spent in a period of declining ASMs,
but was nevertheless an integral part of the Company's strategy in 1997 to
enhance profitability in the scheduled service business.
Facility and Other Rentals. The cost of facility and other rentals
decreased 10.4% to $8.6 million in 1997, as compared to $9.6 million in 1996.
There were some changes in specific facilities utilized by the Company between
periods, such as the addition of hangar space at Chicago-Midway and the
elimination of airport facilities at Boston. The Company also reduced total
facility expense between years through the sublease of excess facilities to
third parties.
The cost per ASM for facility and other rentals was unchanged between
periods at 0.07 cents.
Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses increased 0.9% to $54.3
million in 1997, as compared to $53.8 million in 1996. Other operating expenses
which experienced significant increases between years included (i) the cost of
the Chicago Express Agreement; and (ii) the cost of property and sales taxes.
Other operating expenses which experienced significant decreases between periods
included (i) the cost of insurance; (ii) the cost of data and voice
communications; and (iii) the cost of professional consulting fees. Several
other categories of other operating expenses were lower in 1997 than in 1996,
primarily due to the smaller size of the airline between periods.
Other operating cost per ASM increased 4.9% to 0.43 cents in 1997, as
compared to 0.41 cents in 1996.
Interest Income and Expense. Interest expense in 1997 increased 111.1% to
$9.5 million, as compared to $4.5 million in 1996. The increase in interest
expense between periods was primarily due to the change in the Company's capital
structure from (i) the offering of the 10 1/2% Notes, and (ii) the
implementation of the Credit Facility.
The capital structure of the Company, prior to completing these new
financings, provided for borrowings under the former credit facility to be
constantly adjusted to meet the expected cash flow requirements of the Company,
thereby minimizing the level of borrowings on which interest would be paid.
Under the new capital structure of the Company, the borrowings under the 10 1/2%
Notes remain fixed at $100.0 million without regard to actual cash requirements
at any point in time. During 1997, the weighted average borrowings were
approximately $117.2 million, as compared to $86.1 million in 1996.
The weighted average effective interest rate applicable to the Company's
borrowings in 1997 was 8.06%, as compared to 5.18% in 1996. The increase in the
weighted average effective interest rates between years was primarily due to the
10.5% interest rate applicable to the 10.5% unsecured notes, which was higher
than the average interest rates applicable to borrowings under the former credit
facility.
In order to minimize the interest expense impact of the 10.5% unsecured
notes, the Company invested excess cash balances in short-term government
securities and commercial paper and thereby earned $1.6 million in interest
income in 1997, an increase of 166.7% over interest income of $0.6 million
earned in 1996.
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
In 1997, the Company recorded $4.5 million in income tax expense applicable
to the income before income taxes for that year, while in 1996 income tax
credits of $12.9 million were recognized pertaining to the loss before income
taxes for that year of $39.6 million. The effective tax rate applicable to 1997
was 73.9%, while the effective tax rate applicable to 1996 was 32.6%.
Income tax expense and credits in both periods were significantly affected
by the non-deductibility for federal income tax purposes of 50% of amounts paid
for crew per diem. The effect of this permanent difference on the effective
income tax rate for financial accounting purposes becomes more pronounced in
cases where before-tax income or loss approaches zero, which was a significant
cause for the unusually high effective tax rate in 1997.
Income tax expense and the effective tax rate for 1997 were also
significantly affected by the one-time $2.0 million charge to salaries, wages
and benefits in the second quarter of 1997 for the prepaid
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<PAGE>
executive compensation package provided to the Company's former President and
Chief Executive Officer. Of the total compensation paid to this former executive
of the Company in 1997, approximately $1.7 million was permanently
non-deductible against the Company's federal income taxes, and thus constituted
an additional significant permanent difference between income for federal income
tax purposes and financial accounting income in 1997 which did not exist in
1996.
Year Ended December 31, 1996, Versus Year Ended December 31, 1995
CONSOLIDATED FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain key
operating and financial data for the consolidated flight operations of the
Company, which includes the consolidated operations of Lockheed L-1011, Boeing
727-200 and Boeing 757-200 aircraft in all of the Company's business units.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
---------- ---------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures(b)............................................... 42,815 46,416 3,601 8.41%
Block Hours(c).............................................. 126,295 138,114 11,819 9.36
RPMs (000s)(d).............................................. 8,907,698 9,172,438 264,740 2.97
ASMs (000s)(e).............................................. 12,521,405 13,295,505 774,100 6.18
Load Factor(f).............................................. 71.14 68.99 (2.15) (3.02)
Passengers Enplaned(g)...................................... 5,368,171 5,680,496 312,325 5.82
Revenue (000s).............................................. $715,009 $750,851 $35,842 5.01
RASM in cents(h)............................................ 5.71[c] 5.65[c] (0.06)[c] (1.05)
CASM in cents(i)............................................ 5.56 5.92 0.36 6.47
Yield in cents(j)........................................... 8.03 8.19 0.16 1.99
</TABLE>
- ------------
See footnotes (b) through (j) on pages S-19 and S-20.
OPERATING REVENUES
Total operating revenues in 1996 increased 5.0% to $750.9 million from
$715.0 million in 1995. This increase was due to a $24.5 million increase in
scheduled service revenues, a $6.7 million increase in military charter
revenues, a $1.9 million increase in ground package revenues and a $6.0 million
increase in other revenues, partially offset by a $3.1 million decrease in
commercial charter revenues.
Scheduled Service Revenues. The following table sets forth, for the periods
indicated, certain key operating and financial data for the scheduled service
flight operations of the Company, which includes the consolidated operations of
Lockheed L-1011, Boeing 727-200 and Boeing 757-200 aircraft in scheduled
service.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
--------- --------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures(b)................................................. 27,573 31,467 3,894 14.12%
Block Hours(c)................................................ 73,816 85,836 12,020 16.28
RPMs (000s)(d)................................................ 4,673,210 4,918,045 244,835 5.24
ASMs (000s)(e)................................................ 6,604,087 7,304,897 700,810 10.61
Load Factor(f)................................................ 70.76 67.33 (3.43) (4.85)
Passengers Enplaned(g)........................................ 3,304,369 3,551,141 246,772 7.47
Revenue (000s)................................................ $361,967 $386,488 $24,521 6.77
RASM in cents(h).............................................. 5.48[c] 5.29[c] (0.19)[c] (3.47)
Yield in cents(j)............................................. 7.75 7.86 0.11 1.42
Revenue per segment(k)........................................ $109.54 $108.83 $(0.71) (0.65)
</TABLE>
- ------------
See footnotes (b) through (k) on pages S-19 and S-20.
Scheduled service revenues in 1996 increased 6.8% to $386.5 million from
$362.0 million in 1995. Scheduled service revenues comprised 51.5% of total
operating revenues in 1996, as compared to 50.6% of operating revenues in 1995.
Scheduled service RPMs increased 5.2% to 4.918 billion from 4.673
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<PAGE>
billion, while ASMs increased 10.6% to 7.305 billion from 6.604 billion,
resulting in a reduction in passenger load factor to 67.3% in 1996 from 70.8% in
1995. Yield on scheduled service in 1996 increased 1.4% to 7.86 cents per RPM
from 7.75 cents per RPM in 1995. Scheduled service departures in 1996 increased
14.1% to 31,467 from 27,573 in 1995, while passengers boarded increased 7.5%
over such period to 3,551,141, as compared to 3,304,369.
Commercial Charter Revenues. Total commercial charter revenues increased
1.1% to $310.6 million in 1996, as compared to $307.1 million in 1995.
Commercial charter revenue growth, prior to scheduled service restructuring in
late 1996, was constrained by the dedication of a significant portion of the
Company's fleet to scheduled service expansion, including the utilization of two
Lockheed L-1011 aircraft for scheduled services to Ireland and Northern Ireland
between May and September 1996.
The analysis of profitability by business unit which was performed by the
Company for the six quarters ended June 30, 1996, disclosed that commercial
charter components had produced consistent profits over the period studied. The
Company's Lockheed L-1011 fleet performed well in a commercial charter
environment based upon relatively low frequency of operation and high passenger
load factors, and the Boeing 727-200 worked well with certain tour operators.
The Company began to implement strategies to improve the financial performance
of commercial charter operations in the third and fourth quarters of 1996, and
commercial charter flying operations are expected to play a role of growing
significance in the Company's business operations.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain key
operating and financial data for the commercial charter flying operations of the
Company.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
--------- --------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures(b)................................................. 11,324 10,920 (404) (3.57)%
Block Hours(c)................................................ 39,451 38,154 (1,297) (3.29)
RPMs (000s)(d)................................................ 3,550,527 3,470,450 (80,077) (2.26)
ASMs (000s)(e)................................................ 4,450,261 4,363,220 (87,041) (1.96)
Passengers Enplaned(g)........................................ 1,839,386 1,854,262 14,876 0.81
Revenue (000s)................................................ $229,500 $226,372 $(3,128) (1.36)
RASM in cents(h).............................................. 5.16[c] 5.19[c] 0.03[c] 0.58
</TABLE>
- ------------
See footnotes (b) through (h) on pages S-19 and S-20.
Commercial charter revenues derived from independent tour operators and
specialty charter decreased 1.4% to $226.4 million in 1996, as compared to
$229.5 million in 1995. Commercial charter revenues comprised 30.2% of
consolidated revenues in 1996, as compared to 32.1% of consolidated revenues in
1995. Commercial charter ASMs decreased 2.0% to 4.363 billion from 4.450
billion, and the RASM on tour operator revenues in 1996 increased 0.6% to 5.19
cents, as compared to 5.16 cents in 1995. Commercial charter passengers boarded
increased 0.8% to 1,854,262 in 1996, as compared to 1,839,386 in 1995, and
departures decreased 3.6% to 10,920 in 1996, as compared to 11,324 in 1995.
Military/Government Charter Revenues. The following table sets forth, for
the periods indicated, certain key operating and financial data for the military
flight business of the Company.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 INC (DEC) % INC (DEC)
--------- --------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Departures(b)................................................. 3,713 3,414 (299) (8.05)%
Block Hours(c)................................................ 12,377 12,294 (83) (0.67)
RPMs (000s)(d)................................................ 639,040 665,494 26,454 4.14
ASMs (000s)(e)................................................ 1,382,482 1,442,113 59,631 4.31
Passengers Enplaned(g)........................................ 198,711 185,575 (13,136) (6.61)
Revenue (000s)................................................ $77,500 $84,197 $6,697 8.64
RASM in cents(h).............................................. 5.61[c] 5.84[c] 0.23[c] 4.10
</TABLE>
- ------------
See footnotes (b) through (h) on pages S-19 and S-20.
Charter revenues derived from the U.S. military increased 8.7% to $84.2
million in 1996, as compared to $77.5 million in 1995. Military charter revenues
comprised 11.2% of consolidated revenues
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in 1996, as compared to 10.8% of consolidated revenues in 1995. U.S. military
ASMs increased 4.3% to 1.442 billion from 1.382 billion. The RASM on U.S.
military revenues in 1996 increased 4.1% to 5.84 cents as compared to 5.61 cents
in 1995. U.S. military passengers boarded decreased 6.6% to 185,575 in 1996, as
compared to 198,711 in 1995, and departures decreased 8.1% to 3,414 in 1996, as
compared to 3,713 in 1995.
Ground Package Revenues. Ground package revenues increased 9.3% to $22.3
million in 1996, as compared to $20.4 million in 1995.
In 1996, total Ambassadair packages sold increased 2.4% as compared to
1995, and the average price of each ground package sold by Ambassadair increased
18.0% as compared to the prior year.
During 1996, the number of ATA Vacations ground packages sold increased
21.8% as compared to 1995, but the average price of each ground package sold
decreased 16.9% as compared to the prior year.
The average price paid to the Company for a ground package sale is a
function of the mix of vacation destinations served, the quality and types of
ground accommodations offered, and general competitive conditions with other air
carriers offering similar products in the Company's markets. Some ATA Vacations
markets experienced price reductions in 1996 due to intense price competition.
Other Revenues. Other revenues increased 23.5% to $31.5 million in 1996, as
compared to $25.5 million in 1995. Approximately $3.8 million of the revenue
increase between years was attributable to an increase in the number of block
hours of substitute service provided by the Company to other airlines. The
remaining increase in other revenues between periods was primarily due to
revenue growth in several of the Company's affiliated businesses.
OPERATING EXPENSES
Salaries, Wages and Benefits. Salaries, wages and benefits expense for 1996
increased 16.2% to $164.0 million from $141.1 million in 1995. Approximately
$15.9 million of the increase in 1996 was attributable to the addition of
cockpit and cabin crews, reservations agents, base station staff and maintenance
staff to support the Company's growth in capacity between periods, and
approximately $3.6 million of the increase was attributable to the related
growth in employee benefits costs. Average Company full-time-equivalent
employees increased by 11.7% in 1996 as compared to the prior year, although the
reduction-in-force implemented in late 1996 resulted in approximately 6.1% fewer
full-time-equivalent employees in the fourth quarter of 1996, as compared to the
fourth quarter of 1995. The Company substantially completed this reduction in
force in the fourth quarter of 1996, and recorded $183,000 in related severance
costs in 1996.
Salaries, wages and benefits expense in 1996 was 1.23 cents per ASM, an
increase of 8.8% from a cost of 1.13 cents per ASM in 1995. The cost per ASM
increased partially as a result of a 3.4% increase in the average rate of pay
for the Company's employees as compared to the prior year. In addition, the
Company has increased employment in several maintenance and base station
locations in lieu of continuing the use of third-party contractors, as it
believes it can provide more reliable operations and better customer service at
a lower total cost by using its own employees in these selected locations. The
Company has experienced related savings in the expense lines of handling,
landing and navigation fees, and in aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs,
as further described in those following sections.
In December 1994, the Company implemented a four-year collective bargaining
agreement with its flight attendants, which was the first of the Company's labor
groups to elect union representation. An additional four-year collective
bargaining agreement was ratified by the Company's cockpit crews on September
23, 1996. The pay-related terms of the new cockpit crew agreement were
implemented retroactively to August 6, 1996, including, among other things, a
rate increase of approximately 7.5% to cockpit crew pay scales for the first
year of the new contract.
Fuel and Oil. Fuel and oil expense for 1996 increased 24.4% to $161.2
million from $129.6 million in 1995, due to an increase in fuel consumed to
operate the Company's expanded block hours of flying, an increase in the average
price paid per gallon of fuel consumed and the imposition of a 4.3-cent-per-
gallon excise tax on jet fuel consumed for domestic use effective October 1,
1995.
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During 1996, the Company consumed 7.4% more gallons of jet fuel for flying
operations and flew 9.4% more block hours than in 1995, which accounted for
approximately $9.1 million in additional fuel and oil expense between years
(excluding price and tax changes). The growth in gallons of fuel consumed was
lower than the growth in block hours flown between years due to a change in the
mix of block hours flown by fleet type. Of greatest significance was the 4.1%
reduction of total block hours flown by the Lockheed L-1011 fleet between
periods, since the fuel burn per block hour for this wide-body aircraft is
approximately twice as high as the burn rates for the Company's other fleet
types.
During 1996, the Company's average price paid per gallon of fuel consumed
(excluding the excise tax described in the following paragraph) increased by
12.8%, as compared to 1995. Fuel price increases paid by the Company reflected
generally tighter supply conditions for aviation fuel, which persisted
throughout most of 1996 as compared to the prior year. The Company estimates
that the year-over-year increase in average price paid for jet fuel resulted in
approximately $16.1 million in additional fuel and oil expense between periods.
On October 1, 1995, the Company became subject to a 4.3-cent-per-gallon
excise tax on jet fuel consumed for domestic use by commercial air carriers. The
effect of this tax in the first three quarters of 1996, as compared to the first
three quarters of 1995, was to increase the Company's cost of jet fuel by
approximately $6.4 million.
Fuel and oil expense for 1996 was 1.21 cents per ASM, an increase of 17.5%,
as compared to 1.03 cents per ASM in 1995. The increase in the cost per ASM of
fuel and oil expense was primarily a result of higher prices and the new excise
tax, partially offset by the expanded use of the more-fuel- efficient
twin-engine Boeing 757-200 aircraft in the Company's fleet. During 1996, the
Company's Boeing 757-200 aircraft accounted for 29.4% of total block hours
flown, as compared to 27.8% of total block hours flown in 1995.
Handling, Landing and Navigation Fees. Handling, landing and navigation
fees decreased by 5.8% to $70.1 million in 1996, as compared to $74.4 million in
1995. During 1996, the average cost per system departure for third-party
aircraft handling declined 15.0% as compared to the prior year, and the average
cost of landing fees per system departure decreased 12.2% between the same
periods.
Because each airport served by the Company has a different schedule of
fees, including variable prices for different aircraft types, average handling
and landing fee costs are a function of the mix of airports served as well as
the fleet composition of departing aircraft. On average, these costs for narrow-
body aircraft are less than for wide-body aircraft, and the average costs at
domestic U.S. airports are less than the average costs at most foreign airports.
In 1996, 80.6% of the Company's departures were operated with narrow-body
aircraft, as compared to 77.6% in 1995, and 81.1% of the Company's departures
were from U.S. domestic locations, as compared to 79.6% in 1995.
Handling costs also vary from period to period according to decisions made
by the Company to use third-party handling services at some airports in lieu of
using the Company's own employees. During 1996, the Company implemented a policy
of 'self-handling' at four domestic U.S. airports with significant operations,
which had been substantially handled using third-party contractors in the prior
year. This change resulted in lower absolute third-party handling costs for
these locations and contributed to lower system average contract handling costs
per departure for 1996, as compared to 1995. The Company incurred higher
salaries, wages and benefits expense as a result of this policy change, as noted
in 'Salaries, Wages and Benefits.'
The cost per ASM for handling, landing and navigation fees decreased 10.2%
to 0.53 cents in 1996 from 0.59 cents in 1995.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense for
1996 increased 10.6% to $61.7 million from $55.8 million in 1995.
Depreciation expense attributable to owned airframes and engines, and other
property and equipment owned by the Company, increased $2.9 million in 1996 as
compared to the prior year. The Company increased its year-over-year ownership
of engines and rotable aircraft components to support the expanding fleet, and
increased its investment in computer equipment and furniture and fixtures. The
Company also placed the west bay of the renovated Midway Hangar No. 2 into
service in mid-1996 and
S-49
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<PAGE>
incurred increased debt issue costs between years related to debt facility and
aircraft lease negotiations completed in 1996.
Amortization of capitalized engine and airframe overhauls increased $1.9
million in 1996 as compared to the prior year, after including the offsetting
amortization of approximately $1.0 million in associated manufacturers' credits.
The increasing cost of overhaul amortization reflects the increase in the number
of aircraft added to the Company's fleet and the increase in cycles and block
hours flown between years.
The cost of engine overhauls that become worthless due to early engine
failures, and which cannot be economically repaired, is charged to depreciation
and amortization expense in the period the engine fails. Depreciation and
amortization expense attributable to these write-offs increased $1.1 million
between years.
Depreciation and amortization cost per ASM increased 2.2% to 0.46 cents in
1996, as compared to 0.45 cents in 1995.
Aircraft Rentals. Aircraft rentals expense for 1996 increased 17.4% to
$65.4 million from $55.7 million in 1995. This increase was attributable to
continued growth in the size of the Company's leased aircraft fleet, although
the Company significantly reduced the size of its Boeing 757-200 fleet in the
fourth quarter of 1996, as is more fully described in 'Disposal of Assets.'
The addition of three leased Boeing 757-200 aircraft in the first three
quarters of 1996 resulted in approximately $10.6 million of increased aircraft
rentals for that time period, as compared to the prior year. The subsequent
reduction of this fleet type by a net four units (after including two new
deliveries from the manufacturer in December 1996) resulted in a year-over-year
fourth quarter reduction of aircraft rent expense of approximately $3.6 million.
The reduction in the size of the Boeing 757-200 fleet was an integral component
of the Company's restructuring of scheduled service, based upon profitability
analysis which disclosed that for some uses of the Boeing 757-200 in the
Company's markets prior to restructuring, it was more profitable to substitute
other aircraft with lower ownership costs.
Several additional Boeing 727-200 and Lockheed L-1011 aircraft leased in
1996 contributed $2.8 million and $0.5 million, respectively, in incremental
aircraft rentals between years. Aircraft rentals expense was reduced by $0.6
million for the first four months of 1996, as compared to the prior year, due to
the purchase of four Pratt & Whitney spare engines in May 1995, which had been
previously leased. Due to the elimination of all Pratt & Whitney- powered Boeing
757-200 aircraft from the Company's fleet, the Company reclassified these owned
spare engines as 'Assets Held for Sale' in the accompanying balance sheet.
Aircraft rentals expense for 1996 was 0.49 cents per ASM, an increase of
11.4% from 0.44 cents per ASM in 1995. The period-over-period increase in the
size of the Boeing 757-200 fleet was a significant factor in this change, since
the rental cost of ASMs produced by this fleet type is significantly higher than
for the Company's other aircraft.
Aircraft Maintenance, Materials and Repairs. Aircraft maintenance,
materials and repairs expense decreased 0.4% to $55.2 million in 1996, as
compared to $55.4 million in 1995. The cost per ASM decreased by 4.5% to 0.42
cents in 1996, as compared to 0.44 cents in the prior year.
Although the cost of repairs for repairable and rotable components
increased $1.4 million between periods, the cost of expendable parts consumed
decreased $2.1 million, and the cost of parts loans and exchanges decreased $0.6
million. Aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs cost was also reduced by
$0.8 million in 1996, as compared to 1995, due to a planned reduction in the use
of third-party maintenance staff in favor of using more Company maintenance
employees for both base and line maintenance activities. The Company incurred
higher salaries, wages and benefits expense as a result of this policy change,
as noted in a preceding section.
The cost of the Company's maintenance, materials and repairs remained
essentially unchanged in 1996, as contrasted with the 6.2% increase in ASMs
between years, and the 9.4% increase in block hours. This favorable comparison
is partly due to the significant expansion of the Company's fleet during 1996.
When used aircraft are initially brought into the Company's fleet, the cost of
maintenance, materials and repairs required to bridge that aircraft into the
Company's maintenance program are
S-50
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<PAGE>
capitalized. Such expenditures normally extend the available flying hours for
that aircraft before routine heavy maintenance, materials and repairs expenses
begin to be incurred, although those aircraft begin producing both ASMs and
block hours immediately upon acquisition. The more favorable comparison to block
hours between years is also indicative of the faster growth in the Company's
twin-engine Boeing 757-200 fleet, which is composed of newer and more
technologically advanced aircraft which require relatively less routine
maintenance than the Company's older three-engine Lockheed L-1011 and Boeing
727-200 fleets. The Boeing 757-200 fleet accounted for 29.4% of block hours in
1996, as compared to 27.8% in 1995.
Return condition expenses accrued in 1996 were $1.1 million more than in
1995. This increase was primarily due to changes in the mix of aircraft leases
and associated return conditions which became effective during 1996, offset by
both the extensive restructuring of the Boeing 757-200 fleet and the
sale/leaseback of six hushkitted Boeing 727-200 aircraft during 1996 under new
lease terms and conditions.
Crew and Other Employee Travel. The cost of crew and other employee travel
increased 14.0% to $35.9 million in 1996, as compared to $31.5 million in 1995.
During 1996, the Company increased its average full-time-equivalent crew
employment by 4.1% as compared to the prior year, even though departures
increased by 8.4% and block hours increased by 9.4% between periods. In the
first quarter of 1996, the Company experienced crew shortages, which were
exacerbated by severe winter weather, causing significant flight delays,
diversions and cancellations. The Company's crew complement in the third quarter
of 1996 was again insufficient to effectively operate the flying schedule and
resulted in more crew time being spent away from base during that quarter.
The cost per ASM for crew and other employee travel increased 8.0% to 0.27
cents in 1996, as compared to 0.25 cents in the prior year. This increase in
unit cost was approximately equivalent to a 9.0% average increase in the cost
per crew member of hotel, positioning and per diem expenses between years.
Passenger Service. For 1996 and 1995, catering represented 80.3% and 84.9%,
respectively, of total passenger service expense. The cost of passenger service
decreased 6.0% in 1996 to $32.7 million, as compared to $34.8 million in 1995.
Although total passengers boarded increased by 5.8% to 5,680,496 in 1996, as
compared to 5,368,171 in 1995, the average cost to cater each passenger declined
19.1% between years due to a planned reduction in catering service levels in
select charter and scheduled service markets beginning in the second quarter of
1995. This cost reduction was partially offset by a 6.6% decrease in military
passengers boarded between years, which are the most expensive passengers to
cater in the Company's business mix.
The cost of servicing passengers who were inconvenienced by flight delays
and cancellations increased by $1.4 million between years. Approximately $0.7
million of this increase was incurred in association with the severe winter
weather and consequent flight schedule disruptions which occurred in the first
quarter of 1996.
The cost per ASM of passenger service decreased 10.7% to 0.25 cents in
1996, as compared to 0.28 cents in the prior year. The lower cost per ASM was
primarily due to the lower cost of catering per passenger boarded, partially
offset by the higher cost per ASM of servicing inconvenienced passengers.
Commissions. Commissions expense increased 7.7% to $26.7 million in 1996,
as compared to $24.8 million in 1995. The primary reason for the increase
between years was the corresponding increase in scheduled service revenues
earned, approximately two-thirds of which was generated through travel agencies
which received a commission on such sales. The cost per ASM of commissions
expense was unchanged at 0.20 cents for both 1996 and 1995.
Ground Package Cost. Ground package cost increased 14.5% to $18.2 million
in 1996, as compared to $15.9 million in 1995. This increase in cost was
primarily due to the increase in the number of ground packages sold between
periods. In 1996, Ambassadair sold 2.4% more ground packages, and ATA Vacations
sold 21.8% more ground packages, than in 1995. The average cost of each ground
package sold by Ambassadair increased 19.9% between years, while the average
cost of each ground package sold by ATA Vacations decreased by 11.2% between
periods.
S-51
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Ground package cost per ASM increased by 7.7% to 0.14 cents in 1996, as
compared to 0.13 cents in 1995, reflecting the comparatively faster growth in
ground package sales produced by Ambassadair and ATA Vacations as compared to
the overall ASM growth of the Company between years.
Other Selling Expenses. Other selling expenses increased 18.1% to $17.6
million in 1996, as compared to $14.9 million in 1995. Approximately $1.1
million and $0.2 million, respectively, of this increase was attributable to
more credit card discounts and CRS fees incurred to support the growth in
scheduled service between years. Another $1.2 million of the increase was due to
higher usage of toll-free telephone service between periods, some of which was
associated with the accommodation of passengers onto other carriers' flights due
to the Company's reduction of scheduled service in the third and fourth quarters
of 1996. Other selling cost per ASM increased 8.3% to 0.13 cents in 1996, as
compared to 0.12 cents in 1995.
Advertising. Advertising expense increased 15.7% to $10.3 million in 1996,
as compared to $8.9 million in 1995. Advertising support for single-seat
scheduled service and ground package sales increased consistent with the growth
in associated revenues and the need to meet competitive actions in the Company's
markets. The cost per ASM of advertising increased 14.3% to 0.08 cents in 1996,
as compared to 0.07 cents in 1995.
Facilities and Other Rentals. The cost of facilities and other rentals
increased 29.7% to $9.6 million in 1996, as compared to $7.4 million in 1995.
The increase in expense noted for 1996 was partly attributable to higher
facility costs resulting from the Company becoming a signatory carrier at
Orlando International Airport, together with a year-over-year increase in
facility costs for Boston operations prior to the elimination of scheduled
service at Boston in the fourth quarter of 1996. The increased facility costs at
Orlando International Airport have associated savings in lower handling and
landing fees for the Company's flights at that airport.
Also in 1996, the Company incurred higher facility rental expense in
association with the late 1995 sale/leaseback of the Indianapolis hangar to the
City of Indianapolis, for the Chicago-Midway Hangar No. 2 and for the new
Chicago reservations facility, which was first occupied in September 1995.
The cost per ASM for facility and other rents increased 16.7% to 0.07 cents
in 1996, as compared to 0.06 cents in 1995.
Disposal of Assets. During the third quarter of 1996, the Company committed
to a plan to dispose of up to seven Boeing 757-200 aircraft. A letter of intent
was signed with a major lessor on July 29, which included the cancellation of
operating leases on five aircraft and the return of those aircraft to the lessor
before the end of 1996. Negotiations also commenced with a major lessor during
the third quarter for the cancellation of operating leases on two additional
aircraft in 1996.
During the third quarter, the Company recorded an estimated loss on
disposal of the initial five aircraft according to the terms and conditions
negotiated and agreed in the letter of intent.These aircraft transactions were
all completed during the fourth quarter of 1996, at which time the estimated
loss on disposal was reduced by $0.2 million to an actual loss of $4.5 million.
The source of the loss on the termination of these aircraft leases was
primarily from the write-off of the unused net book value of the associated
airframe and engine overhauls. For several aircraft, the Company was required to
meet additional maintenance return conditions associated with airframes and
engines, the cost of which was charged to the loss on disposal. These costs were
partially offset by cash proceeds received from the lessor and by the
application of associated deferred aircraft rent credits and manufacturers'
credits.
In addition to these costs, the Company also owned four spare Pratt &
Whitney engines, together with consumable, repairable and rotable components
specific to the Pratt & Whitney-powered Boeing 757-200s. The net book value of
these engines and parts approximated $14.1 million as of December 31, 1996, and
were reclassified as Assets Held For Sale in the accompanying balance sheet.
Other Expenses. Other operating expenses increased 15.6% to $54.0 million
in 1996, as compared to $46.7 million in 1995. Significant components of the
year-over-year variance included increases in substitute service and passenger
reprotection costs, professional fees, data communications costs, insurance
costs and consulting fees in connection with the detailed route profitability
study.
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Other operating cost per ASM increased 10.8% to 0.40 cents in 1996, as
compared to 0.37 cents in 1995.
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
In 1996, the Company recorded $12.9 million in tax credits applicable to
the loss before income taxes for that year, while income tax expense of $6.1
million was recognized pertaining to income before income taxes for 1995. The
effective tax rate applicable to tax credits in 1996 was 32.6%, and the
effective tax rate for income earned in 1995 was 41.8%. The Company's effective
income tax rates were unfavorably influenced by the permanent non-deductibility
from taxable income of 50% of crew per diem expenses incurred in both years. The
impact of this permanent difference on effective tax rates becomes more
pronounced as taxable income or loss approach zero.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows. The Company has historically financed its working capital and
capital expenditure requirements from cash flow from operations and long-term
borrowings from banks and other lenders. As described further below, in the
third quarter of 1997 the Company completed two separate financings designed to
lengthen the maturity of its long-term debt and diversify its credit sources,
including the issuance of unsecured notes and a revolving credit facility that
had an extended maturity, lower interest rate and less restrictive covenants
than the former credit facility.
In the nine months ended September 30, 1998 and 1997, net cash provided by
operating activities was $131.9 million and $70.7 million, respectively. The
increase in cash provided by operating activities between periods was
attributable to such factors as increased earnings and related deferred income
taxes, higher depreciation and amortization, higher accrued expenses and other
factors.
Net cash used in investing activities was $115.6 million and $60.7 million,
respectively, for the nine month periods ended September 30, 1998 and 1997. Such
amounts primarily included capital expenditures totaling $115.6 million and
$63.5 million, respectively, for engine and airframe overhauls, airframe
improvements, hushkit installations, the purchase of rotable parts, and for
purchase deposits made on Boeing 757-200 and Lockheed L-1011-500 aircraft
scheduled to be delivered by the end of 1999.
Net cash used in financing activities was $9.6 million and $1.2 million,
respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 1998 and 1997. Financing
activities in the 1998 period included $4.8 million to repay a short-term note
issued in connection with the purchase of a Boeing 727-200 aircraft in December
1997, plus $6.4 million in long-term debt reductions, partially offset by $1.6
million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock in association with the
exercise of stock options by employees.
For 1995, 1996 and 1997, net cash provided by operating activities was
$87.1 million, $32.2 million and $99.9 million, respectively. The increase in
cash provided by operating activities between 1996 and 1997 was attributable to
such factors as increased earnings, growth in scheduled service air traffic,
liability associated with advanced ticket sales, the liquidation of certain
assets held for sale, and other factors. The decrease in cash provided by
operating activities between 1995 and 1996 was due primarily to the lower
profitability between years, coupled with the reduction in air traffic liability
associated with the 1996 restructuring of scheduled service.
Net cash used in investing activities was $44.0 million, $63.2 million and
$76.1 million, respectively, for 1995, 1996 and 1997. Such amounts included cash
capital expenditures totaling $57.8 million in 1995, $69.9 million in 1996, and
$84.2 million in 1997 for engine overhauls, airframe improvements and the
purchase of rotable parts. Cash capital expenditures were supplemented with
other capital expenditures, financed directly with debt, totaling $31.7 million
in 1995, $0.0 million in 1996 and $35.4 million in 1997. The $35.4 million in
new debt issued in 1997 was to directly finance the purchase of one Boeing
757-200 aircraft and one Boeing 727-200 aircraft, both of which had previously
been subject to leases accounted for as operating leases.
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities was ($12.1) million,
$11.6 million and $6.9 million, respectively, in 1995, 1996 and 1997. Debt
proceeds in the 1997 period included $100.0 million in proceeds from the
issuance of the 10 1/2% Notes and $34.0 million in proceeds from borrowing
against the Credit Facility. Debt proceeds in the 1996 period primarily included
the addition of $15.0 million in revolving credit facility availability for
financing the installation of hushkits on Boeing 727-200 aircraft. Payments on
long-term debt in the 1997 period primarily included the full repayment of the
former credit facility of $122.0 million.
Aircraft and Fleet Transactions. In November 1994, the Company signed a
purchase agreement for six new Boeing 757-200s which, as subsequently amended,
now provides for nine total aircraft to be delivered between late 1995 and late
1999. In conjunction with the Boeing purchase agreement, the Company entered
into a separate agreement with Rolls-Royce Commercial Aero Engines Limited for
19 RB211-535E4 engines to power the nine Boeing 757-200 aircraft and to provide
one spare engine. Under the Rolls-Royce agreement, which became effective
January 1, 1995, Rolls-Royce has provided the Company various spare parts
credits and engine overhaul cost guarantees. If the Company does not take late
1998 delivery of the final two engines covered by this agreement, a prorated
amount of the credits that have been used are required to be refunded to
Rolls-Royce. The aggregate purchase price under these two agreements is
approximately $50.0 million per aircraft, subject to escalation. The Company
accepted delivery of the first six aircraft under these agreements in September
and December 1995, November and December 1996, November 1997 and July 1998, all
of which were financed under leases accounted for as operating leases. The final
three deliveries under this agreement are scheduled for December 1998, September
1999 and October 1999. Advanced payments totaling approximately $19.2 million
($6.4 million per aircraft) are required prior to delivery of the three
remaining aircraft, with the remaining purchase price payable at delivery. As of
September 30, 1998 and 1997 the Company had recorded fixed asset additions for
$12.7 million and $10.6 million, respectively, in advanced payments applicable
to aircraft scheduled for future delivery. The Company intends to finance the
remaining three deliveries under this agreement through sale/leaseback
transactions accounted for as operating leases.
In July 1998 the Company committed to the purchase of five Lockheed L-1011
series 500 aircraft, three spare engines, and certain associated spare parts.
These aircraft are powered by Rolls-Royce RB211-524B4-02 engines. The Company
purchased the first aircraft under this purchase agreement in the third quarter
of 1998, and expects to purchase the additional four aircraft during the first
half of 1999. Upon delivery of each aircraft, the Company intends to complete
certain modifications and improvements to the airframes and interiors in order
to qualify them to operate in a standard coach seating configuration of 307
seats. Such modifications are expected to require approximately 90 days from
date of delivery of the unmodified aircraft from the seller. The modified
aircraft are expected to be placed into revenue service between December 1998
and December 1999, operating primarily in the commercial and military/government
charter business segments. The Company expects that the total cost of the five
modified aircraft, together with spare engines and spare parts, will be
approximately $100.0 million. The Company expects to finance this purchase
through the issuance of the Notes.
The Company purchased an additional Rolls-Royce-powered Boeing 757-200
aircraft from an aircraft lessor in September 1997, financing this purchase
through a payment of cash and the issuance of a $30.7 million note which, as
amended, matures on October 15, 1999. The note requires monthly payments of
$400,000 in principal and interest from October 15, 1997, through September,
1999, with the balance due at maturity.
In the fourth quarter of 1997, the Company purchased a Boeing 727-200
aircraft which had been previously financed by the Company through a lease
accounted for as an operating lease, financing this purchase through the
issuance of a short-term note and a payment of cash. This note was repaid in the
first quarter of 1998. The Company issued a long-term note (secured by this
aircraft) in September 1998 for $6.0 million, which requires repayment of $1.0
million in October 1998 and $100,000 per month in principal and interest from
November 1998 through October 2002, with the balance due in November 2002.
In the second and third quarters of 1998, the Company purchased and
improved one Lockheed L-1011-100 aircraft, which was placed into service in late
July 1998.
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Issuance of Unsecured Notes. On July 24, 1997, the Company completed two
separate financings designed to lengthen the maturity of the Company's long-term
debt and diversify its credit sources. On that date, the Company (i) sold $100.0
million principal amount of unsecured seven-year notes in a private offering
under Rule 144A, and (ii) entered into a new secured revolving credit facility.
The Company subsequently completed an exchange offer to holders of the unsecured
seven-year notes in January 1998, under which offer those notes issued in the
original private offering could be tendered in exchange for fully registered
notes of equal value.
The unsecured senior notes mature on August 1, 2004. Each note bears
interest at the annual rate of 10.5%, payable on February 1 and August 1 of each
year beginning February 1, 1998. The notes rank pari passu with all unsecured,
unsubordinated indebtedness of the Company existing now or created in the
future, are effectively subordinated to the Company's obligations under secured
indebtedness to the extent of such security, and will be senior to any
subordinated indebtedness of the Company created in the future. All payments of
interest and principal are unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured,
unsubordinated basis, jointly and severally, by each of the active subsidiaries
of the Company. The Company may redeem the notes, in whole or in part, at any
time on or after August 1, 2002, initially at 105.25% of their principal amount
plus accrued interest, declining ratably to 100.0% of their principal amount
plus accrued interest at maturity. At any time prior to August 1, 2000, the
Company may redeem up to 35.0% of the original aggregate principal amount of the
notes with the proceeds of sales of common stock, at a redemption price of
110.5% of their principal amount (plus accrued interest), provided that at least
$65.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the notes remains outstanding
after such redemption. The notes are subject to covenants for the benefit of the
note holders, including, among other things, limitations on: (i) the incurrence
of additional indebtedness; (ii) the making of certain restricted payments;
(iii) the creation of consensual restrictions on the payment of dividends and
other payments by certain subsidiaries; (iv) the issuance and sale of capital
stock by certain subsidiaries; (v) the issuance of guarantees by certain
subsidiaries; (vi) certain transactions with shareholders and affiliates; (vii)
the creation of liens on certain assets or properties; (viii) certain types of
sale/leaseback transactions; and (ix) certain sales, transfers or other
dispositions of assets.
The net proceeds of the unsecured notes were approximately $96.9 million,
after application of costs and fees of issuance. The Company used a portion of
the net proceeds to repay in full the Company's prior bank facility and will use
the balance of the proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include
the purchase of additional aircraft and/or the refinancing of existing leased
aircraft, among other things.
Credit Facilities. Concurrently with the issuance of the unsecured notes,
on July 24, 1997, the Company entered into a new $50.0 million revolving credit
facility that includes up to $25.0 million for stand-by letters of credit. ATA
is the borrower under the new credit facility, which is guaranteed by Amtran and
each of Amtran's other active subsidiaries. The principal amount of the new
facility matures on April 1, 2001, and borrowings are secured by certain
Lockheed L-1011 aircraft and engines. The loan-to-value ratio for collateral
securing the new facility may not exceed 75% at any time. Borrowings under the
new facility bear interest, at the option of ATA, at either (i) LIBOR plus 1.50%
to 2.50% (depending upon certain financial ratios); or (ii) the agent bank's
prime rate plus 0.0% to 0.5% (depending upon certain financial ratios). The
facility contains various covenants including, among other things: (i)
limitations on incurrence of debt and liens on assets; (ii) limitations on
capital expenditures; (iii) restrictions on payment of dividends and other
distributions to stockholders; (iv) limitations on mergers and the sale of
assets; (v) restrictions on the prepayment or redemption of certain
indebtedness, including the 10.5% notes; and (vi) maintenance of certain
financial ratios such as minimum tangible net worth, cash-flow-to-interest
expense and aircraft rentals and total adjusted liabilities to tangible net
worth.
As of September 30, 1998 and 1997, the Company had borrowed $25.0 million
against its existing credit facility, all of which was repaid on October 1, 1998
and 1997.
The Company also maintains a $5.0 million revolving credit facility for its
short-term borrowing needs and for securing the issuance of letters of credit.
Borrowings against this credit facility bear interest at the lender's prime rate
plus 0.25% per annum. There were no borrowings against this facility as of
September 30, 1998 and 1997; however, the Company did have outstanding letters
of credit
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secured by this facility aggregating $4.1 million and $3.5 million,
respectively. No amounts had been drawn against letters of credit at September
30, 1998 or 1997.
On October 30, 1998, the Company signed a commitment letter for a revolving
bank credit facility of up to $125 million that would replace the existing $50
million facility and mature on October 1, 2002. If the offering of the Notes is
completed, the Company plans to enter into a new four-year revolving bank credit
facility of at least $75 million, subject to negotiation and execution of
definitive documentation.
Assets Held For Sale. At September 30, 1998 the Company had classified $7.2
million in net book value of two spare Pratt & Whitney engines as Assets Held
for Sale in the accompanying balance sheet. In July 1997, the Company sold two
similar spare Pratt & Whitney engines and, during the first quarter of 1998,
also sold related Pratt & Whitney parts and materials, neither of which sale
resulted in a material gain or loss. The net book value of the two remaining
spare engines approximates fair market value, and the Company continues to
market these engines.
Stock Repurchase Program. In February 1994, the Board of Directors approved
the repurchase of up to 250,000 shares of the Company's common stock. Between
1994 and 1996, the Company repurchased 185,000 shares of common stock under this
program. No shares were repurchased during 1997 or the first quarter of 1998. In
the second quarter of 1998, the Company repurchased 8,506 shares for the purpose
of allowing individuals with restricted stock to pay required taxes.
Aircraft Purchase Commitments and Options. The Company has signed purchase
agreements to acquire 15 Boeing 727-200ADV aircraft at agreed prices. Thirteen
of these aircraft are currently leased by the Company. The other two aircraft,
currently on lease to another airline, may be purchased in 1999, depending upon
the exercise of lease extension options available to the current lessee. The
Company currently intends to install engine hushkits on these Boeing 727-200
aircraft in order to meet federal stage three noise regulations for its fleet by
December 31, 1999.
YEAR 2000
Until recently many computer programs were written to store only two digits
of year-related date information in order to make the storage and manipulation
of such data more efficient. Programs which use two digit date fields, however,
may not be able to distinguish between such years as 1900 and 2000. In some
circumstances this date limitation could result in system failures or
miscalculations, potentially causing disruptions of business processes or system
operations. The date field limitation is frequently referred to as the 'Year
2000 Problem.'
State of Readiness. In the fourth quarter of 1997 the Company initiated a
Year 2000 Project to address this issue. During the first quarter of 1998 the
Company inventoried its internal computer systems, facilities infrastructure,
aircraft components and other hardware, and completed a year 2000 risk
assessment for these items.
During the course of its inventory, the Company identified approximately
693 separate computer infrastructure components which are used to support
various aspects of its world-wide operations. Such components include software
packages (both purchased and internally developed), operating systems for
computers, computer hardware and peripheral devices, local and wide-area
communications networks, aircraft computers and components, and a variety of
other items of technology infrastructure including those associated with the
operation of properties and facilities. The Company then classified each of
these components using an internal scale from 1 to 5 to designate the
seriousness and immediacy of impact to the Company, should the component fail
due to lack of compliance with year 2000 standards, with category 5 being the
highest risk.
The Company's year 2000 project involves the completion of five specific
phases of work. The first, or awareness phase (now 100% complete) includes the
creation of a year 2000 project team, development of written standards and
processes for the year 2000 project, communications to Company employees about
the year 2000 problem and the Company's approach to addressing it, creation of
year 2000 compliance standards for newly acquired technology components, and
written standards and procedures for year 2000 project status reporting.
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The second phase is inventory and assessment (now 100% complete), which
includes such activities as creating an inventory of all technology
infrastructure components used by the Company, developing standards for
assessing and ranking year 2000 risk for such components, completing risk
assessments for all components, providing year 2000 certification standards for
such components, development of a critical vendor database, development of
renovation standards and guidelines, development of testing standards and
guidelines, creation of testing environments, developing an inventory of tools
needed to complete assessment, conversion and testing of components, development
of year 2000 resource budgets, and completion of high-level contingency plans.
The third phase is renovation (now 54% complete), which includes the
conversion, replacement or elimination of selected hardware platforms and
devices, operating systems, databases, purchased software, utilities, and
internal and external interfaces. Renovation requires the completion and
documentation of software and hardware changes, development of replacement
systems, and decommissioning systems to be eliminated. Renovation also includes
the completion and documentation of unit testing, and the creation of a final
test plan for system, integration and stress testing of all changes. Contingency
plans will also be updated and completed, based upon completion of renovation
efforts and unit test results.
The fourth phase is validation (now 7% complete), which includes user
acceptance testing of all new or renovated components. Such testing is expected
to validate year 2000 operational readiness of the individual components, up to
but not including testing of the integration of those components with other
components sharing common interfaces or other interdependencies.
The fifth phase is implementation (now 4% complete), which includes
integration testing of individual components as to interfaces and
interdependencies with other components or elements of the Company's technology
infrastructure.
With respect to the 693 computer infrastructure components, the Company has
prepared approximately 105 individual project plans with tasks and milestones
which define the work to be done to complete the five phases of year 2000
readiness. A total of 4 plans are now complete. A total of 65 plans are
currently in progress and are substantially on schedule for future completion.
The remaining 36 plans have not yet commenced, but the Company expects to
complete them prior to the end of 1999. Of the total hours of work included in
the Company's 105 project plans, approximately 28% of such work is now complete.
The Company is dependent upon a large number of third party vendors and
suppliers who provide essential goods and services to the Company throughout the
world. In order to insure that essential goods and services are supplied to the
Company without interruptions caused by the year 2000 problem, the Company has
undertaken a 'vendor year 2000 readiness' project.
Some third party vendor relationships are very significant to the Company.
The loss of access to some goods and services provided by some vendors, such as
tour operator and airline reservation systems, could have severe consequences on
the Company's business operations
Under the Company's vendor readiness plan, significant Company vendors have
been grouped according to the expected safety, operations or financial impacts
from a loss of access to essential goods or services due to the vendor failing
to become year 2000 compliant, and the expected time and effort which would be
required to replace the non-compliant vendor with a compliant vendor. Under this
classification system, the Company has identified 751 'tier 3' vendors whose
lack of year 2000 compliance and the resulting loss of essential goods and
services, could create immediate and severe safety, operations or financial
impact to the Company, with replacement of such vendors taking considerable time
and effort. The Company has further classified 565 vendors as 'tier 2' vendors,
which could pose significant safety, operations or financial impacts to the
Company should they be non-year-2000 compliant, but which impacts would not be
immediate, and for which only moderate time and effort would be required to
locate compliant replacement vendors. All remaining significant vendors have
been classified as 'tier 1' vendors (totaling over 2,000), none of which would
pose a significant safety, operations or financial impact in the event of
non-compliance with year 2000 standards, and all of which could easily be
replaced with alternative vendors.
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In addition to the third-party dependencies enumerated above, the Company
is also highly dependent upon the operation of airports and air traffic control
systems in the United States and in foreign countries. Each year the Company
flies to over 400 individual airports world-wide which are typically operated by
governmental or quasi-governmental agencies. Other governmental agencies use
computers to provide essential services at airports, such as customs and
immigration screening and weather reporting.
As a member of the Air Transport Association Year 2000 Committee, the
Company is participating with other member airlines to test and validate the
year 2000 readiness of the air transportation infrastructure such as airports
and air traffic control systems. As yet, no comprehensive inventory and risk
assessment of domestic and international airports has been completed, and
therefore the Company cannot determine to what degree, if any, domestic and
international airports are at risk of failing to meet year 2000 readiness
standards.
Under the direction of the Air Transport Association Year 2000 Committee a
separate evaluation of aviation-related federal agencies is also in progress.
This evaluation includes the year 2000 readiness of the Federal Aviation
Administration, particularly with respect to the operation of the domestic air
traffic control system; the Department of Transportation; the Immigration and
Naturalization Service; and the National Weather Service. Based upon
representations made by such federal agencies, they expect to be able to provide
uninterrupted services to the air transportation industry, including the
Company, during the year 2000. Efforts of the Air Transport Association Year
2000 Committee are directed toward completing an independent verification of
readiness of these agencies, which is still incomplete at this time.
Estimated Costs of Achieving Year 2000 Readiness. Based upon all data
currently available to the Company, it presently estimates that the total cost
of meeting year 2000 standards, including computer and facilities
infrastructure, vendor readiness, aircraft and airports, will be approximately
$6.1 million. Such estimated cost includes approximately $2.5 million in capital
expenditures to acquire new software and hardware to replace non-compliant
computer devices, as well as approximately $3.6 million in labor and related
expenses to perform all year 2000 project work to insure the readiness of
remaining computer devices for operation after 1999. Approximately $1.8 million
of this estimated cost has been incurred as of September 30, 1998 (of which $0.9
million was expense and $0.9 million was capital), with the remaining $4.3
million to be incurred by the end of 1999. It is possible that the Company will
determine that additional costs beyond those estimated above will be required to
complete all year 2000 activities as testing and implementation proceeds through
the end of 1999.
Year 2000 Risks and Contingency Plans. The Company believes that its
computer infrastructure project plans and vendor readiness plan, together with
its participation on the Air Transport Association Year 2000 Committee, if
successfully completed will mitigate all significant risks of business and
operational disruption arising from non-compliant computer components.
Successful completion of this plan is dependent, however, upon the availability
to the Company of a wide range of technical skills from both internal and
external sources, and is also dependent upon the availability of purchased
software and hardware components. The Company cannot be assured that such
resources and components can be acquired in the quantities needed, or by the
times needed, to successfully complete the year 2000 project plan, in which case
it is possible that the Company could suffer serious disruptions to business
processes and operations as a consequence of system failures attributable to the
year 2000 problem. In addition, the Company cannot be assured that domestic and
foreign air transportation infrastructure, such as airports and air traffic
control systems, will be fully compliant with year 2000 requirements by the end
of 1999.
The Company has developed a number of high-level contingency plans
addressing how it would respond to specific year 2000 issues arising from
non-compliant computer infrastructure components, vendors and federal agencies.
Such contingency plans will be broadened and formalized as more advanced phases
of the Company's year 2000 project are completed, and risks in individual areas
are more thoroughly understood and alternative approaches to existing systems
and components are identified. Contingency plans include such strategies as
securing alternative vendors and adding staff to implement manual workarounds,
where feasible.
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BUSINESS
The Company owns ATA, the eleventh largest passenger airline in the United
States (based on 1997 revenues) and a leading provider of airline services in
selected market segments. The Company is also the largest commercial charter
airline in the United States and the largest charter provider of passenger
airline services to the U.S. military, in each case based on revenues. For the
nine months ended September 30, 1998, the revenues of the Company consisted of
54% scheduled service, 25% commercial charter service and 14% military charter
service, with the balance derived from related travel services.
SCHEDULED SERVICE
The Company provides scheduled service through ATA to selected destinations
primarily from its gateways at Chicago-Midway, Indianapolis and also provides
transpacific services between the western United States and Hawaii. In the
second and third quarters of 1998, the Company added scheduled service between
Chicago-Midway and Dallas, Denver, New York-LaGuardia and San Juan. The Company
focuses on routes where it believes it can be a leading provider of non-stop
service and targets leisure and value-oriented business travelers. In the first
quarter of 1998, the Company was the leading carrier on over 73% of its non-stop
scheduled service routes and one of the top two carriers on over 96% of its
non-stop scheduled service routes (based on the most recently available DOT
statistics).
The Company believes that it has significant competitive advantages in each
of its primary markets:
Chicago-Midway, the Company's largest and fastest growing gateway,
represented approximately 51% of the Company's total scheduled service
capacity in the nine months ended September 30, 1998. The Company is the
number one carrier in terms of market share in 13 out of its 14 non-stop
routes from Chicago-Midway. The Company believes its service at this
gateway would be difficult to replicate because of limited available
airport capacity and airport restrictions which require higher performance
aircraft on the majority of the Company's routes. The Company's market
position is also enhanced by Chicago-Midway's proximity to downtown
Chicago and the fact that for a substantial population within the
metropolitan region Chicago-Midway is the most convenient airport, as well
as the continuing air traffic constraints at Chicago-O'Hare. The Company
began service at Chicago-Midway in December 1992.
Hawaii represented approximately 23% of the Company's total scheduled
service capacity in the nine months ended September 30, 1998. The Company
believes it is the lowest cost provider of scheduled service between the
western United States and Hawaii, which is critical in this price
sensitive, predominantly leisure-oriented market. Furthermore,
approximately 80% of the Company's capacity in the Hawaiian market is
contracted to the nation's largest independent Hawaiian tour operator,
which assumes capacity, yield and fuel risk. The Company has served the
Hawaiian market since 1974 through its commercial charter operations and
since 1987 through its scheduled service operations.
Indianapolis represented approximately 16% of the Company's total
scheduled service capacity in the nine months ended September 30, 1998.
The Company began scheduled service from Indianapolis in 1986 and believes
that it benefits from being perceived as the hometown airline. The Company
is the number one provider in terms of market share in 7 of its 8 non-stop
routes from Indianapolis. In Indianapolis, the Company operates
Ambassadair, the nation's largest travel club with approximately 35,000
individual or family memberships, providing the Company with a local
marketing advantage similar to a frequent flier program.
COMMERCIAL CHARTER SERVICE
The Company is the largest commercial charter airline in the United States
and provides services throughout the world, primarily to U.S., South American
and European tour operators. The Company seeks to maximize the profitability of
these operations by leveraging its leading market position, diverse aircraft
fleet and worldwide operating capability. Management believes its commercial
charter services are a predictable source of revenues and operating profits in
part because its commercial charter contracts require tour operators to assume
capacity, yield and fuel price risk, and also because of the
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Company's ability to re-deploy assets into favorable markets. The Company's
commercial charter services are marketed and distributed through a network of
domestic and international sales offices with an emphasis primarily on tour
operators.
MILITARY/GOVERNMENT CHARTER SERVICE
The Company has provided passenger airline services to the U.S. military
since 1983 and is currently the largest charter provider of these services.
Management believes that because these operations are generally less seasonal
than leisure travel, they have tended to have a stabilizing impact
on the Company's operating margins. The U.S. government awards one year
contracts for its military charter business and pre-negotiates contract prices
for each type of aircraft that a carrier makes available. The Company believes
that its fleet of aircraft, particularly its Boeing 757-200ERs, is well suited
to the needs of the military for long-range service.
STRATEGY
The Company intends to enhance its position as a leading provider of
passenger airline services to selected markets where it can capitalize on its
competitive strengths. The key components of this strategy are:
Participate in Markets Where it Can Be a Leader. The Company focuses
on markets where it can be a leading provider of airline services. In
scheduled service, the Company concentrates on routes where it can be the
number one or number two carrier. The Company achieves this result
principally through superior non-stop schedules, value-oriented service,
focused marketing efforts and certain airport and aircraft advantages. The
Company is the leading provider of commercial and military charter services
in large part because of its variety of aircraft types, superior
operational performance and its worldwide service capability combined with
a proven history of reliable service and long standing relationships with
its customers.
Maintain Low Cost Position. For 1997, the Company's operating cost per
ASM of 6.09[c] was the lowest among large U.S. passenger airlines. The
Company believes that its low cost structure provides a significant
competitive advantage, allowing it to operate profitably while pricing
competitively in the scheduled service and commercial and military charter
markets. The Company believes its low cost position is primarily derived
from its simplified product, route structure, low aircraft ownership costs
and low overhead costs.
Target Growth Opportunities. The Company intends to expand its
operations selectively in areas where it believes it can achieve attractive
financial returns.
Charter Expansion. The Company is acquiring five long-range Lockheed
L-1011-500 aircraft primarily for commercial and military charter
service, whose low cost and high seating capacity will enable the
Company to compete for business that it cannot now accommodate (e.g.,
non-stop service to South American, European and Asian destinations).
Scheduled Service Expansion at Chicago-Midway. The Company plans to
increase frequencies and add three additional destinations from its
Chicago-Midway gateway over the next 18 months and to support this
expansion by adding 2 Boeing 757-200 aircraft to its fleet.
Selected Acquisitions. The Company continually evaluates possible
acquisitions of related businesses or interests therein to enhance
its competitive position in its market segments. Among other things,
it is negotiating the acquisition of the 50% interest that it does
not currently own in its air cargo operation.
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
SCHEDULED AIRLINE SERVICE
In the United States, the scheduled airline business is dominated by major
scheduled airlines, many of which have developed numerous hub-and-spoke route
systems where long-haul traffic is served via connections in one or more central
hub airports. As a result of this structure, many smaller cities or
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airports are not served by direct or non-stop flights to leisure destinations
and many secondary leisure destinations do not receive direct or non-stop
service from more than a few major U.S. cities. Unlike most of the major
scheduled airlines, the Company, as well as certain other airlines, has focused
on low frequency non-stop or direct service from its principal gateways to
leisure destinations where there is little or no competing direct or non-stop
service. The Company intends to continue to pursue this strategy, and has
expanded non-stop service from Chicago-Midway to Denver, Dallas/Fort Worth, New
York-LaGuardia and San Juan.
COMMERCIAL CHARTER AND MILITARY AIRLINE SERVICE
In the United States, the passenger charter airline business involves both
the major scheduled airlines, as well as a number of U.S. and non-U.S. charter
airlines. Historically, charter airlines have supplemented the service provided
by scheduled airlines by providing specialized service at times of peak demand.
U.S. charter airlines have also provided service to the military both in times
of peak demand, such as the Persian Gulf War, and on a longer-term basis to
supplement the U.S. military's own aircraft fleet. Based on DOT statistics,
total charter flights by all U.S. airlines represented less than 2.5% of all
ASMs flown within the United States during the twelve months ended December 31,
1997.
In general, charter airlines have a lower cost than scheduled airlines.
Unlike most scheduled airlines, charter airlines do not invest heavily in
advertising and marketing, maintain a sizeable and complex reservations system
or maintain extensive airport support facilities in a large number of locations.
In addition, charter airlines generally operate with lower overall employment
costs and higher average load factors than scheduled airlines.
THE COMPANY'S AIRLINE OPERATIONS
SERVICES OFFERED
The Company generally provides its airline services to its customers in the
form of charter and scheduled service. The following table provides a summary of
the Company's major revenue sources for the periods indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS
ENDED
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, SEPTEMBER 30,
---------------------------------------------- ----------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Scheduled service.................. $138.0 $240.7 $362.0 $386.5 $371.8 $271.3 $384.5
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Commercial charter service......... 213.7 204.0 229.5 226.4 228.1 184.9 178.5
Military charter service........... 78.4 91.8 77.5 84.2 131.1 104.0 99.3
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total charter................. 292.1 295.8 307.0 310.6 359.2 288.9 277.8
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Other.............................. 37.8 44.0 46.0 53.8 52.2 37.1 47.9
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total......................... $467.9 $580.5 $715.0 $750.9 $783.2 $597.3 $710.2
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
SCHEDULED SERVICE SALES
The Company provides scheduled airline services on selected routes where it
believes that it can be one of the top three largest carriers, focusing
primarily on low cost non-stop or direct flights. In 1997, the Company's
revenues from scheduled service were $371.8 million, and during that period, the
Company was the largest carrier on over 70% of its non-stop scheduled service
routes and one of the top two carriers on over 90% of its non-stop scheduled
service routes. The Company currently provides scheduled service primarily from
its gateway cities of Chicago-Midway, Indianapolis and Milwaukee to popular
vacation destinations such as Hawaii, Las Vegas, Florida, California, Mexico and
the Caribbean, as well as to New York's John F. Kennedy Airport, Denver,
Dallas/Ft. Worth, New York-LaGuardia and San Juan, from Chicago-Midway. The DOT
awarded the Company five slots at New York-LaGuardia, which when combined with
an additional slot, has allowed the Company to fly three daily non-stops between
Chicago-Midway and New York-LaGuardia.
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In October 1997, the Company expanded its Chicago Express Arrangement, by
adding the cities of Lansing and Madison to the flights it had already operated
out of Chicago-Midway on behalf of the Company to Indianapolis and Milwaukee
since October 1996 and to Des Moines, Dayton and Grand Rapids since April 1997.
Under the Chicago Express Arrangement, Chicago Express provides the aircraft and
crews, insurance and maintenance for such aircraft, and the Company provides all
other services, including marketing of seats, reservation services and fuel and
handling for flights. The Company receives all passenger and cargo related
revenues and pays Chicago Express a fixed fee on a per flight basis. The seats
purchased under the Chicago Express Arrangement are listed on major CRS systems
as ATA seats, even though the flights are operated by a separate airline.
Chicago Express uses 19-seat Jetstream 31 propeller aircraft, which the Company
determined were a more economic alternative to satisfying the demand in these
markets than the use of the Company's own larger jet aircraft.
Included in the Company's scheduled service sales for jet operations are
bulk sales agreements with tour operators. Under these arrangements, which are
very similar to charter sales, the tour operator may take up to 85% of an
aircraft as a bulk-seat purchase. The portion which the Company retains is sold
through its own scheduled service distribution network. The advantage for the
tour operators is that their product is available for sale in the CRSs and
through other scheduled service distribution channels. Under bulk sales
arrangements, the Company is obligated to provide transportation to the tour
operators' customers even in the event of non-payment to the Company by the tour
operator. To minimize its exposure under these arrangements, the Company
requires bonding or a security deposit for a significant portion of the contract
price. Bulk seat sales amounted to $67.3 million and $59.0 million in 1996 and
1997, respectively, which represented 9.0% and 7.5%, respectively, of the
Company's consolidated revenues for such periods.
COMMERCIAL CHARTER SALES
Commercial charter sales represented 30.2% of the Company's consolidated
revenues for 1996 and 29.1% for 1997. The Company's principal customers for
commercial charter sales are tour operators, sponsors of incentive travel
packages and specialty charter customers.
Tour Operator Programs. These leisure market programs are generally
contracted for repetitive, round-trip patterns, operating over varying periods
of time. In such an arrangement, the tour operator pays a fixed price for use of
the aircraft (which includes the services of the cockpit crew and flight
attendants, together with check-in, baggage handling, maintenance services,
catering and all necessary aircraft handling services) and assumes
responsibility and risk for the actual sale of the available aircraft seats.
Because the Company has a contract with its customers for each flight or series
of flights, it can, subject to competitive constraints, structure the terms of
each contract to reflect the costs of providing the specific service, together
with an acceptable return.
In connection with its sales to tour operators, the Company seeks to
minimize its exposure to unexpected changes in operating costs. Under its
contracts with tour operators, the Company is able to pass through most
increases in fuel costs from a contracted price. Under these contracts, if the
fuel increase causes the tour operator's fuel cost to rise in excess of 10%, the
tour operator has the option of canceling the contract. The Company is exposed
to increases in fuel costs that occur within 14 days of flight time, and to
increases affecting any contracts that do not include fuel cost escalation
provisions. See 'Risk Factors -- Aircraft Fuel.'
The Company believes that although price is the principal competitive
criterion for its tour operator program, product quality, reputation for
reliability and delivery of services which are customized to the specific needs
of its customers have become increasingly important to the buyer of this
product. Accordingly, as the Company continues to emphasize the growth and
profitability of this business unit, it will seek to maintain its low-cost
pricing advantage, while differentiating itself from competitors through the
delivery of customized services and the maintenance of consistent and dependable
operations. In this manner, the Company believes that it will produce
significant value for its tour operator partners by delivering an attractively
priced product which exceeds the leisure traveler's expectations.
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Although the Company serves tour operators on a worldwide basis, its
primary customers are U.S.-based and European-based tour operators. European
tour operators accounted for 2.3%, 2.4%, 4.6% and 3.2%, respectively of
consolidated revenues for 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997. In addition, contracts with
most European tour operators establish prices payable to the Company in U.S.
dollars, thereby reducing the Company's recorded foreign currency risk. The
Company's five largest tour operator customers represented approximately 22% and
16%, respectively, of the Company's consolidated revenues for 1996 and 1997, and
the ten largest tour operator customers represented approximately 30% and 21% of
the Company's consolidated revenues for the same periods.
Incentive Travel Programs. Many corporations offer travel to leisure
destinations or special events as incentive awards for employees. The Company
has historically provided air travel for many corporate incentive programs.
Incentive travel customers range from national incentive marketing companies to
large corporations that handle their incentive travel programs on an in-house
basis. For 1997, Incentive Travel Programs represented less than 1% of total
operating revenues.
The Company believes that its flexibility, fleet diversity and attention to
detail have helped to establish it as one of the leaders in providing the air
portion of incentive travel airline charter services. Generally, incentive
travel operations are a demanding and highly customized part of the charter
airline business. Incentive travel operations can vary from a single round-trip
flight to an extensive overseas pattern involving thousands of employees and
their families.
Specialty Charters. The Company operates a significant number of specialty
charter flights. These programs are normally contracted on a single round-trip
basis and vary extensively in nature, from flying university alumni to a
football game, to transporting political candidates on campaign trips, to moving
the NASA space shuttle ground crew to an alternate landing site. These flights,
some of which are arranged on very short notice based on aircraft availability,
allow the Company to increase aircraft utilization during off-peak periods. For
1997, Specialty Charters represented approximately 4% of total operating
revenues.
The Company believes it is able to attract customers for specialty charter
due to its fleet size and diversity of aircraft. The size and geographic
dispersion of the Company's fleet reduces nonproductive ferry time for aircraft
and crews, resulting in more competitive pricing. The diversity of aircraft
types in its fleet also allows the Company to better match a customer's
particular needs with the type of aircraft best suited to satisfy those
requirements.
MILITARY/GOVERNMENT SALES
In 1996 and 1997 sales to the U.S. military and other governmental agencies
were approximately 11.2% and 16.8%, respectively, of the Company's consolidated
revenues. Traditionally, the Company's focus has been on short-term 'contract
expansion' business which is routinely awarded by the U.S. Government based on
price and availability of appropriate aircraft. The U.S. Government awards one
year contracts for its military charter business, and pre-negotiates contract
prices for each type of aircraft a carrier makes available. Such contracts are
awarded based upon the participating airlines' average costs. The short-term
expansion business is awarded pro rata to those carriers with aircraft
availability who have been awarded the most fixed-award business, and then to
any additional carrier that has aircraft available. The Company's contractor
teaming arrangement with four other cargo airlines significantly increases the
likelihood that the team will receive both fixed-award and contract expansion
business, and increases the Company's opportunity to provide the passenger
portion of such services because the Company represents all of the team's
passenger transport capacity. See ' -- Sales and Marketing.'
Military and other government flight activity is expected to remain a
significant factor in the Company's business mix. Because this business is
generally less seasonal than leisure travel, it tends to have a stabilizing
impact on the Company's operations and earnings. The Company believes its fleet
of aircraft is well suited for the requirements of military passenger service.
Although the military is reducing its troop deployments at foreign bases, the
military still desires to maintain its schedule frequency to these bases.
Therefore, the military has a need for smaller capacity aircraft possessing
long-range capability, such as the Company's Boeing 757-200ER aircraft. In 1993,
the Company became
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the first North American carrier to receive FAA certification to operate Boeing
757-200 aircraft with 180-minute ETOPS. This certification permits specially
equipped Boeing 757-200 aircraft to participate in long-range missions over
water in which the aircraft may fly up to three hours from the nearest alternate
airport. All of the Company's Boeing 757-200s are so equipped and certified. The
Company believes that this 180-minute ETOPS capability has enhanced the
Company's ability to obtain awards for certain long-range missions. The Company
also believes that its ability to serve the military will be enhanced by the
acquisition of additional Lockheed L-1011-500 aircraft, which can provide even
longer range service.
The Company is subject to biennial inspections by the military as a
condition of retaining its eligibility to perform military charter flights. The
last such inspection was completed in the fourth quarter of 1997. As a result of
the Company's military business, it has been required from time to time to meet
operational standards beyond those normally required by the DOT, FAA, and other
government agencies.
OTHER REVENUES
In addition to its core charter and scheduled service businesses, the
Company operates several other smaller businesses that complement its core
businesses. For example, the Company sells ground arrangements (hotels, car
rentals and attractions) through its Ambassadair and ATA Vacations subsidiaries;
provides airframe and powerplant mechanic training through American Trans Air
Training Corporation; and provides helicopter charter services through its
ExecuJet subsidiary. Additionally, the Company, through its subsidiary Amber Air
Freight, Inc., participates in a partnership that markets the unused cargo
capacity in the Company's scheduled and charter operations. In aggregate, these
businesses, together with incidental revenues associated with charter and
scheduled service businesses, accounted for 7.1% and 6.6%, respectively, of
consolidated revenues in 1996 and 1997.
SALES AND MARKETING
SCHEDULED SERVICE
In scheduled service, the Company markets air travel, as well as packaged
leisure travel products, directly to its customers and through travel agencies
and bulk tour operators in selected markets. Approximately 71.2% and 74.8% of
the Company's scheduled services were sold by travel agents and bulk tour
operators in 1996 and 1997, respectively, often using computer reservation
systems that have been developed and are controlled by other airlines. Federal
regulations have been promulgated that are intended to diminish preferential
flight schedule displays and other practices with respect to the reservation
systems that could place the Company and other similar users at a competitive
marketing disadvantage as compared to the airlines controlling the systems.
Travel agents generally receive commissions based on the price of tickets sold.
Accordingly, airlines compete not only with respect to ticket price but also
with respect to the amount of commissions paid to appointed agents. Airlines
often pay additional commissions to appointed agents in connection with special
revenue programs. The Company believes that by concentrating its scheduled
service operations in a few selected markets, such as the Company's
Chicago-Midway gateway, its marketing and advertising expenditures will be much
more effective. The Company believes this strategy will continue to strengthen
its competitive position and improve both load factors and yields in its
scheduled service operations.
The Company's sales, marketing and business strategy for scheduled services
has continued to emphasize convenience and simplified pricing for the leisure
traveler. In the summer of 1997, an electronic ticketing option was implemented
which provides customers with the ability to purchase seats on scheduled flights
using a credit card while eliminating the need to issue a paper ticket. Also in
1997, the Company became only the fifth domestic U.S. airline to offer fully
interactive capabilities for customers to purchase tickets electronically via
the internet. In late 1996, the Company introduced convenient coupon booklets
which the customer can purchase in advance for use throughout the Company's
scheduled service system at guaranteed low fares.
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COMMERCIAL CHARTER SERVICE
Tour Operator Programs. The Company markets its commercial charter services
to tour operators primarily through its own sales force. The charter sales
department's principal office is in Indianapolis, but it also has offices in
Orlando, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Boston, Chicago, Detroit and London.
Through this sales force, the Company markets its commercial charter and
specialty products. While most of the Company's commercial charter and specialty
products are transacted directly with the end customer, the Company from time to
time will utilize independent brokers to acquire some contracts.
In general, tour operators either package the Company's flights with
traditional ground components (e.g., hotels, rental cars and attractions) or
sell only the airline passage ('airfare only'). Tickets on the Company's flights
contracted to tour operators are issued by the tour operator either directly to
passengers or through retail travel agencies. Under current DOT regulations with
respect to charter transportation originating in the United States, all charter
airline tickets must generally be paid for in cash and all funds received from
the sale of charter seats (and in some cases fund paid for land arrangements)
must be placed into escrow or must be protected by a surety bond satisfying
prescribed standards. Currently, the Company provides a third-party bond which
is unlimited in amount but restricted in use to the satisfaction of its
obligations under these regulations. Under the terms of its bonding arrangement,
the issuer of the bond has the right to terminate the bond at any time on 30
days' notice. The Company provides a $2.5 million letter of credit to secure its
potential obligations to the issuer of the bond. If the bond were to be
materially limited or canceled, the Company, like all other U.S. charter
airlines, would be required to escrow funds to comply with the DOT requirements
summarized above. Compliance with such requirements would reduce the Company's
liquidity and require it to fund higher levels of working capital ranging up to
$13.5 million based upon 1997's peak pre-paid bookings. See ' -- Regulation.'
In general, the Company enters into contracts with tour operators four to
nine months in advance of the commencement of flight services. Pursuant to these
contracts, tour operators, who may be thinly capitalized, generally are required
to pay a deposit to the Company at the time the contract is executed for as much
as one week's revenue due under the contract (in the case of recurring pattern
contracts), to 10% to 30% of the total charter payment (in the case of
nonrecurring pattern contracts). Tour operators are required to pay the
remaining balance of the contract in full at least two weeks prior to the flight
date. In the event the tour operator fails to make the remaining payment when
due, the Company must either cancel the flight at least ten days prior to the
flight date or, pursuant to DOT regulations, perform under the contract
notwithstanding the breach by the tour operator. In the event the tour operator
cancels or defaults under the contract with the Company or otherwise notifies
the Company that such tour operator no longer needs charter service, the Company
is entitled to keep contractually established cancellation fees, which may be
more or less than the deposit. Whether the Company elects to exercise this right
in a particular case will depend upon a number of factors, including the
Company's ability to redeploy the aircraft, the amount of money on deposit or
secured by a letter of credit, the relationship the Company has with the tour
operator and general market conditions existing at the time. The Company may
choose to renegotiate a contract with a tour operator from time to time based on
market conditions. As part of any such renegotiation a tour operator may seek to
reduce the per-seat price or the number of flights or seats per flight which the
tour operator is obligated to purchase.
MILITARY/GOVERNMENT SERVICE
Traditionally, the Company's focus has been on short-term contract
expansion business which is routinely awarded by the U.S. Government based on
price and availability of appropriate aircraft. The short-term expansion
business is awarded pro rata to the carriers with aircraft availability who have
been awarded the most fixed-award business, and then to any additional carrier
that has aircraft available.
Pursuant to the military's fixed-award system, each participating airline
is given certain 'mobilization value points' based on the number and type of
aircraft then available from such airline. A participant may increase the number
of its mobilization value points by teaming up with one or more other airlines
to increase the total number of mobilization value points of the team.
Generally, a charter
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passenger airline will seek to team up with one or more cargo airlines and vice
versa. When the military determines its requirements for a contract year, it
determines how much of each particular type of service it will need (e.g.,
narrow-body, passenger service). It will then award each type of business to
those carriers or teams that have committed to make available that type of
aircraft and service, with the carriers or teams with the highest amount of
mobilization value points given a preference. When an award is made to a team,
the charter passenger airline will generally perform the passenger part of the
award and a cargo airline will perform the cargo part of the award.
In 1992, the Company entered into a contractor teaming arrangement with
four other cargo airlines serving the U.S. military. The Company represents 100%
of the passenger portion of the contractor teaming arrangement. If the Company
used only its own mobilization value points, it would be entitled to a
fixed-award of approximately 1% of total awards under the system; however, when
all of the Company's team members are taken into account, their portion of the
fixed-award is approximately 34% of total awards under the system. As a result,
the contractor teaming arrangement significantly increases the likelihood that
the team will receive a fixed-award contract, and, to the extent the award
includes passenger transport, increases the Company's opportunity to provide
such service because the Company represents all of the passenger capacity of the
contractor teaming arrangement. In addition, since the expansion business awards
are correlated with the fixed-award system, the Company, through its contractor
teaming arrangement, should also receive a greater percentage of the short-term
expansion business. As part of its participation in this contract teaming
arrangement, the Company pays a utilization fee or commission to other team
members.
AIRCRAFT FLEET
As of September 30, 1998, the Company was certified to operate a fleet of
14 Lockheed L-1011s, 24 Boeing 727-200ADVs and 8 Boeing 757-200s. Jetstream 31
propeller aircraft operated by Chicago Express under a code share agreement are
not included on the Company's certificate.
Lockheed L-1011 Aircraft
The Company's 14 Lockheed L-1011 aircraft are wide-body aircraft, 11 of
which have a range of 2,971 nautical miles and 3 of which have a range of 3,425
nautical miles. These aircraft conform to the FAA's Stage 3 noise requirements
and have a low ownership cost relative to other wide-body aircraft types. See
'Environmental Matters.' As a result, the Company believes these aircraft
provide a competitive advantage when operated on long-range routes, such as on
transatlantic, Caribbean and West Coast-Hawaii routes. These aircraft have an
average age of approximately 23 years. As of December 31, 1997, 13 of these
aircraft were owned by the Company and one was under an operating lease that
expires in March 2001. In addition, the Company has agreed to purchase five
L-1011-500 aircraft, each of which has a range of up to 4,900 nautical miles.
Certain of the Lockheed L-1011 aircraft owned by the Company are subject to
mortgages and other security interests granted in favor of the Company's lenders
under its bank credit facility. See 'Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Liquidity and Capital
Resources -- Credit Facilities.'
Boeing 727-200ADV Aircraft
The Company's 24 Boeing 727-200ADV aircraft are narrow-body aircraft
equipped with high thrust, JT8D-15/-15A/-17/-17A engines and have a range of
2,050 nautical miles. These aircraft, of which 12 conform to Stage 2 and 12
conform to Stage 3 noise requirements as of September 30, 1998, have an average
age of approximately 18 years. The Company leases 23 of these aircraft, with
initial lease terms that expire between January 1999 and September 2003, subject
to the Company's right to extend each lease for varying terms. The Company will
be required prior to December 31, 1999 to make expenditures for engine
'hushkits' or to acquire replacement aircraft so that its entire fleet conforms
to Stage 3 noise requirements in accordance with FAA regulations. The Company
currently plans to install hushkits on four additional Stage 2 aircraft by the
end of 1998, with the balance of eight Stage 2 aircraft being converted to
Stage 3 in 1999. On December 31, 1999, the Company expects to return one
aircraft
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to the lessor for which it has no obligation to install a hushkit. The cost to
hushkit a Boeing 727ADV aircraft is approximately $2.5 million. See
'Environmental Matters.'
Boeing 757-200ADV Aircraft
The Company's 8 Boeing 757-200 aircraft are relatively new, narrow-body
aircraft, all of which have a range of 3,679 nautical miles. These aircraft, six
of which are leased, have an average age of approximately 3 years and meet Stage
3 noise requirements. The Company's Boeing 757-200s have higher ownership costs
than the Company's Lockheed L-1011 and Boeing 727-200ADV aircraft, but lower
operational costs. In addition, unlike most other aircraft of similar size, the
Boeing 757-200 has the capacity to operate on extended flights over water. The
leases for the Company's Boeing 757-200 aircraft have initial terms that expire
on various dates between May 2002 and December 2015, subject to the Company's
right to extend each lease for varying terms.
Although Lockheed L-1011 and Boeing 727-200ADV aircraft are subject to the
FAA's Aging Aircraft program, the Company does not currently expect that its
cost of compliance for these aircraft will be material. See ' -- Regulation.'
FLIGHT OPERATIONS
Worldwide flight operations are planned and controlled by the Company's
Flight Operations Group operating out of its facilities located in Indianapolis,
Indiana, which are staffed on a 24-hour basis, seven days a week. Logistical
support necessary for extended operations away from the Company's fixed bases
are coordinated through its global communications network. The Company has the
ability to dispatch maintenance and operational personnel and equipment as
necessary to support temporary operations around the world. The Company's
complex operating environment demands a high degree of skill and flexibility
from its Flight Operations Group.
In order to enhance the reliability of its service, the Company seeks to
maintain at least two spare Lockheed L-1011 and three spare Boeing 727-200
aircraft at all times. Spare aircraft can be dispatched on short notice to most
locations where a substitute aircraft is needed for mechanical or other reasons.
These spare aircraft allow the Company to provide to its customers a dispatch
reliability that is hard for an airline of comparable or smaller size to match.
MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT
The Company's Maintenance and Engineering Center is located at Indianapolis
International Airport. This 120,000 square-foot facility was designed to meet
the maintenance needs of the Company's operations as well as to provide
supervision and control of purchased maintenance services. The Company performs
approximately 75% of its own maintenance work, excluding engine overhauls and
Lockheed L-1011 and Boeing 727-200 heavy airframe checks.
The Company currently maintains ten permanent maintenance facilities,
including its Indianapolis facility. In addition, the Company utilizes 'road
teams,' which are dispatched primarily as charter flight operations require to
arrange and supervise maintenance services at temporary locations. The Company
also uses road teams to supervise all maintenance not performed in-house.
The Maintenance and Engineering Center is an FAA-certificated repair
station and has the expertise to perform routine, as well as non-routine,
maintenance on Lockheed L-1011, Boeing 727-200 and Boeing 757-200 aircraft.
Capabilities of the Maintenance and Engineering Center include: (i)
airworthiness directive and service bulletin compliance; (ii) modular teardown
and buildup of Rolls-Royce RB211-22B engines; (iii) non-destructive testing,
including radiographics, x-ray, ultrasound, magnetic particle and eddy current;
(iv) avionics component repair; (v) on-wing engine testing; (vi) interior
modification; (vii) repair and overhaul of accessories and components, including
hydraulic units and wheel and brake assemblies; and (viii) sheet metal repair
with hot bonding and composite material capabilities. The Company contracts with
third parties for certain engine and airframe overhaul and other services if the
Company does not have the technical capability or facility capacity, or if such
services can be obtained on a more cost-effective basis from outside sources.
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FUEL PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT
Most of the Company's contracts with independent tour operators include
fuel price reimbursement clauses. Such clauses generally state that if the
Company's cost of fuel per gallon to perform the contract meets or exceeds a
stated trigger price, fuel costs in excess of the trigger price are required to
be reimbursed to the Company by the tour operator. Protection under such fuel
escalation provisions is generally limited to those price increases which occur
14 or more days prior to flight date. Fuel price increases which occur during
the last 14 days prior to flight date are the responsibility of the Company. In
addition, if the fuel price increase exceeds 10% of the contractual trigger
price, the tour operator generally has the right to cancel the contract. Tour
operator revenues subject to such fuel price reimbursement clauses represented
approximately 30.2% and 29.1%, respectively, of consolidated revenues for 1996
and 1997.
The Company's contract with the U.S. military also includes a fuel price
guarantee, which is incorporated into the reimbursement rates by aircraft type
each contract year. If the actual cost of fuel consumed is less than the
guaranteed price, the Company is required to reimburse the U.S. military for the
excess revenues received. If the actual cost of fuel consumed is more than the
guaranteed price, the U.S. military reimburses the Company for the additional
costs incurred. In this manner, the Company is guaranteed to pay the actual cost
of fuel up to the maximum price guaranteed in the contract. This fuel price
guarantee is renegotiated each contract year. Military revenues subject to the
fuel price guarantee represented approximately 11.2% and 16.8%, respectively, of
consolidated revenues for 1996 and 1997.
Within the Company's scheduled service business unit are included bulk seat
sales to tour operators. Under these contracts, which are very similar to tour
operator agreements, the bulk seat contractor may purchase up to 85% of the
available seats on scheduled service flights. Most of these agreements also
provide for fuel escalation reimbursements to be made to the Company in a manner
similar to the tour operator agreements described above. Scheduled service bulk
seat revenues subject to such fuel price reimbursement clauses represented
approximately 9.0% and 7.5%, respectively, of consolidated revenues for 1996 and
1997.
As a result of the fuel reimbursement clauses and guarantees described
above, approximately 50.4% and 54.9%, respectively, of consolidated revenues in
1996 and 1997 were subject to such fuel price protection. The Company closely
monitors jet fuel spot prices and crude oil and heating oil futures markets to
provide early indications of potential shifts in jet fuel prices for timely
management review and action. The Company did not engage in any material fuel
hedging activities in 1996 or 1997, but began a fuel hedging program in 1998 and
has hedged a substantial portion of its scheduled service fuel exposure for the
first six months of 1999.
COMPETITION
The Company's products and services face varying degrees of competition in
diverse markets.
COMPETITION FOR SCHEDULED SERVICES
In scheduled service, the Company competes both against the major U.S.
scheduled service airlines and, from time to time, against smaller regional or
start-up airlines. Competition is generally on the basis of price, frequency,
quality of service and convenience. All of the major U.S. scheduled airlines are
larger and have greater financial resources of the Company. Where the Company
seeks to expand its service by adding routes or frequency, competing airlines
may respond with intense price competition. In addition, when other airlines
seek to establish a presence in a market, they may engage in significant price
discounting. Because of its size relative to the major airlines, the Company is
less able to absorb losses from these activities than many of its competitors.
COMPETITION FOR COMMERCIAL CHARTER SERVICES
In the commercial charter market, the Company competes both against the
major U.S. scheduled airlines, as well as against small U.S. charter airlines
including Sun Country and Miami Air. The Company also competes against several
European and Mexican charter and scheduled airlines, many of which are larger
and have substantially greater financial resources than the Company. The
scheduled carriers compete for leisure travel customers with the Company's
commercial charter operations in a variety of ways, including wholesaling
discounted seats on scheduled flights to tour operators, promoting to travel
agents prepackaged tours for sale to retail customers and selling discounted,
excursion
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airfare-only products to the public. As a result, all charter airlines,
including the Company, generally are required to compete for customers against
the lowest revenue-generating seats of the scheduled airlines. During periods of
dramatic fare cuts by the scheduled airlines, the Company is forced to respond
competitively to these deeply discounted seats.
The Company also competes directly against other charter airlines. In the
United States, these charter airlines are smaller in size than the Company. In
Europe, several charter airlines are at least as large or larger than the
Company. Certain of these charter airlines are affiliates of major scheduled
airlines or tour operators. As a result, in addition to greater access to
financial resources, these charter airlines may have greater distribution
capabilities, including, in certain cases, exclusive or preferential
relationships with affiliated tour operators.
COMPETITION FOR MILITARY/GOVERNMENT CHARTER SERVICES
The Company competes for military and other government charters with a
variety of larger and smaller U.S. airlines. The allocation of U.S. military air
transportation contracts is based upon the number and type of aircraft a
carrier, alone or through a teaming arrangement, makes available for use to the
military. The formation of competing teaming arrangements that have larger
partners than those in which the Company participates, an increase by other air
carriers in their commitment of aircraft to the military, or the withdrawal of
the Company's current partners, could adversely affect the Company's U.S.
military charter business.
PROPERTIES
The Company leases three adjacent office buildings in Indianapolis,
consisting of approximately 136,000 square feet. These buildings are located
approximately one mile from the Indianapolis International Airport terminal and
are used as principal business offices, operation center and for the
Indianapolis reservations center.
The Company's Maintenance and Engineering Center is also located at
Indianapolis International Airport. This 120,000 square-foot facility was
designed to meet the base maintenance needs of the Company's operations, as well
as to provide support services for other maintenance locations. The Indianapolis
Maintenance and Engineering Center is an FAA-certificated repair station and has
the capability to perform routine, as well as non-routine, maintenance on the
Company's aircraft.
In 1998, the Company began construction of a 120,000 square foot office
building immediately adjacent to the Company's Indianapolis Maintenance and
Engineering Center. This facility will house the Company's Maintenance and
Engineering professional staff along with the airlines operational center.
In 1995, the Company completed the lease of Hangar No. 2 at Chicago's
Midway Airport for an initial lease term of ten years, subject to two five-year
renewal options. The Company is in the process of completing significant
improvements to this leased property, which is used to support line maintenance
for the Boeing 757-200 and Boeing 727-200 narrow-body fleets.
Also in 1995, the Company relocated and expanded its Chicago area
reservations unit to an 18,700 square-foot facility located near Chicago's
O'Hare Airport. This reservation facility primarily serves customers in the
greater Chicago metropolitan area in support of the Company's Chicago-Midway
scheduled service operation.
The Company also routinely leases various properties at airports around the
world for use by its passenger service, flight operations, crews and maintenance
staffs. Other properties are also leased for the use of sales office staff.
These properties are used in support of both scheduled and charter flight
operations at such diverse locations as Baltimore, Boston, Cancun, Chicago,
Cleveland, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Denver, Detroit, Ft. Lauderdale, Ft. Myers,
Frankfurt, Honolulu, Indianapolis, Las Vegas, London Gatwick, Los Angeles,
Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, New York, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix, St.
Louis, St. Petersburg, San Francisco, San Juan and Sarasota.
INSURANCE
The Company carries types and amounts of insurance customary in the airline
industry, including coverage for public liability, passenger liability, property
damage, aircraft loss or damage, baggage and cargo liability and workers
compensation. Under the Company's current insurance policies, it will not be
covered by such insurance were it to fly, without the consent of its insurance
provider, to certain high
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risk countries. The Company does not consider the inability to operate into or
out of any of these countries to be a significant limitation on its business.
The Company will support certain U.S. government operations in areas where its
insurance policy does not provide coverage for losses when the U.S. government
provides replacement insurance coverage.
EMPLOYEES
As of September 30, 1998, the Company had 5,796 employees, approximately
2,244 of which were represented under collective bargaining agreements. The
Company's flight attendants are represented by the AFA and the Company's cockpit
crews are represented by the IBT. The current collective bargaining agreement
with the AFA becomes amendable in December 1998 and the current collective
bargaining agreement with the IBT becomes amendable in September 2000. The
Company began negotiations with the AFA in the third quarter to amend the
collective bargaining agreement, but there can be no assurance that there will
not be work stoppages or other disruptions. The existence of a significant
dispute with any sizeable number of its employees could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's operations and financial condition.
REGULATION
The Company is subject to regulation by the DOT and the FAA. The DOT is
primarily responsible for regulating consumer protection and other economic
issues affecting air services and determining a carrier's fitness to engage in
air transportation. In 1981, the Company was granted by the DOT a Certificate of
Public Convenience and Necessity pursuant to Section 401 of the Federal Aviation
Act authorizing it to engage in air transportation. The Company is also subject
to the jurisdiction of the FAA with respect to its aircraft maintenance and
operations. The FAA requires each carrier to obtain an operating certificate and
operations specifications authorizing the carrier to fly to specific airports
using specified equipment. All of the Company's aircraft must also have and
maintain certificates of airworthiness issued by the FAA. The Company holds an
FAA air carrier operating certificate under Part 121 of the Federal Aviation
Regulations.
The Company believes it is in compliance with all requirements necessary to
maintain in good standing its operating authority granted by the DOT and its air
carrier operating certificate issued by the FAA. A modification, suspension or
revocation of any of the Company's DOT or FAA authorizations or certificates
could have a material adverse effect upon the Company.
The FAA has issued a series of Airworthiness Directives under its 'Aging
Aircraft' program which are applicable to the Company's Lockheed L-1011 and
Boeing 727-200 aircraft. The Company does not currently expect the future cost
of these directives to be material.
Several aspects of airline operations are subject to regulation or
oversight by Federal agencies other than the DOT and FAA. The United States
Postal Service has jurisdiction over certain aspects of the transportation of
mail and related services provided by the Company through its cargo affiliate.
Labor relations in the air transportation industry are generally regulated under
the Railway Labor Act, which vests in the National Mediation Board certain
regulatory powers with respect to disputes between airlines and labor unions
arising under collective bargaining agreements. The Company is subject to the
jurisdiction of the Federal Communications Commission regarding the utilization
of its radio facilities. In addition, the Immigration and Naturalization
Service, the U.S. Customs Service, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service of the Department of Agriculture have jurisdiction over inspection of
the Company's aircraft, passengers and cargo to ensure the Company's compliance
with U.S. immigration, customs and import laws. The Commerce Department also
regulates the export and reexport of the Company's U.S.-manufactured aircraft
and equipment.
In addition to various federal regulations, local governments and
authorities in certain markets have adopted regulations governing various
aspects of aircraft operations, including noise abatement, curfews and use of
airport facilities. Many U.S. airports have adopted or are considering adopting
a 'Passenger Facility Charge' of up to $3.00 generally payable by each passenger
departing from the airport. This charge must be collected from passengers by
transporting air carriers, such as the Company, and must be remitted to the
applicable airport authority. Airport operators must obtain approval of the FAA
before they may implement a Passenger Facility Charge. The $3.00 ceiling on
Passenger Facility Charges may be raised if Congress enacts an amendment to the
legislation authorizing these charges.
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Based upon bilateral aviation agreements between the U.S. and other
nations, and, in the absence of such agreements, comity and reciprocity
principles, the Company, as a charter carrier, is generally not restricted as to
the frequency of its flights to and from most destinations in Europe. However,
these agreements generally restrict the Company to the carriage of passengers
and cargo on flights which either originate in the U.S. and terminate in a
single European nation, or which originate in a single European nation and
terminate in the U.S.
Proposals for any additional charter service must generally be specifically
approved by the civil aeronautics authorities in the relevant countries.
Approval of such requests is typically based on considerations of comity and
reciprocity and cannot be guaranteed.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
Under the Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990 and related FAA
regulations, the Company's aircraft must comply with certain Stage 3 noise
restrictions by certain specified deadlines. These regulations require that the
Company achieve a 75% Stage 3 fleet by December 31, 1998. In general, the
Company would be prohibited from operating any Stage 2 aircraft after December
31, 1999. As of December 31, 1997, 67% of the Company's fleet met Stage 3
requirements. The Company expects to meet future Stage 3 fleet requirements
through Boeing 727-200 hushkit modifications, combined with additional future
deliveries of Stage 3 aircraft. Failure to meet the December 31, 1998 deadline
could require the Company to ground one or more Stage 2 aircraft in order to
meet the 75% threshold requirement.
In addition to the aircraft noise regulations administered by the FAA, the
EPA regulates operations, including air carrier operations, which affect the
quality of air in the United States. The Company believes it has made all
necessary modifications to its operating fleet to meet fuel-venting requirements
and smoke-emissions standards.
The Company maintains on its property in Indiana two underground storage
tanks which contain quantities of de-icing fluid and emergency generator fuel.
These tanks are subject to various EPA and State of Indiana regulations. The
Company believes it is in substantial compliance with applicable regulatory
requirements with respect to these storage facilities.
At its aircraft line maintenance facilities, the Company uses materials
which are regulated as hazardous under federal, state and local law. The Company
maintains programs to protect the safety of its employees who use these
materials and to manage and dispose of any waste generated by the use of these
materials, and believes that it is in substantial compliance with all applicable
laws and regulations.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Various claims, contractual disputes and lawsuits against the Company arise
periodically involving complaints which are normal and reasonably foreseeable in
light of the nature of the Company's business. The majority of these suits are
covered by insurance. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these
claims will not have a material adverse effect on the business, operating
results or financial condition of the Company.
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MANAGEMENT
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following serve as executive officers and directors of the Company:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
- ------------------------------------------ --- -----------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
J. George Mikelsons....................... 61 Chairman of the Board of Directors
John P. Tague............................. 36 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
James W. Hlavacek......................... 62 Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and
Director
Kenneth K. Wolff.......................... 52 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and
Director
Robert A. Abel............................ 46 Director
William P. Rogers, Jr..................... 48 Director
Andrejs P. Stipnieks...................... 58 Director
</TABLE>
J. George Mikelsons is the founder, Chairman of the Board and, prior to the
Company's initial public offering in May 1993, was the sole shareholder of the
Company. Mr. Mikelsons founded American Trans Air, Inc. and Ambassadair Travel
Club, Inc. in 1973. Mr. Mikelsons currently serves on the boards of directors of
IWC Resources Corporation (formerly the Indianapolis Water Company) and the
Indianapolis Convention and Visitors Association. Mr. Mikelsons has been an
airline Captain since 1966 and remains current on several jet aircraft.
John P. Tague, was named President and Chief Executive Officer of the
Company in July 1997. He had previously served as the Company's President and
Chief Operating Officer since October 1993 before resigning to form his own
aviation consulting company in 1995. Between August 1996 and June 1997, he
served as Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to a consulting agreement, of both
Vanguard Airlines, Inc. and Air South Airlines, Inc. Prior to October 1993, he
held several executive positions at the Company in the areas of marketing and
sales. From 1985 to 1991, Mr. Tague was employed at Midway Airlines in various
executive positions in the areas of marketing and planning. Prior to joining
Midway Airlines in 1985, Mr. Tague was a transportation consultant and held
various positions at a regional airline. Mr. Tague serves on the Board of
Directors of the Air Transport Association.
James W. Hlavacek was appointed Chief Operating Officer of the Company in
1995, where he continues to serve as Executive Vice President. He is also
President of ATA Training Corporation. From 1986 to 1989, he was Vice President
of Operations. Mr. Hlavacek has been a commercial airline pilot for more than 30
years and has held the rank of Captain for nearly 28 years. He was ATA's Chief
Pilot from 1985 to 1986. Mr. Hlavacek is a graduate of the University of
Illinois.
Kenneth K. Wolff was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer of the Company in 1991 and from 1990 to 1991, he was Senior Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer. From 1989 to 1990, he was President and
Chief Executive Officer of First of America Bank Indianapolis. Prior to his
appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, he held various positions
at the bank since 1969. He is a graduate of Purdue University with a B.S. Degree
in Industrial Management. Mr. Wolff also holds a Masters in Business
Administration from Indiana University, where he was a member of the faculty.
Robert A. Abel is a director in the public accounting firm of Blue & Co.,
LLC. Mr. Abel is a magna cum laude graduate of Indiana State University with a
B.S. Degree in Accounting. He is a certified public accountant with over 20
years of experience in the areas of auditing and corporate tax and has been
involved with aviation accounting and finance since 1976.
William P. Rogers, Jr., is a partner in the New York law firm of Cravath,
Swaine & Moore. After graduating from Case Western Reserve University School of
Law in 1978, he served as a clerk in the United States Court of Appeals for the
Sixth Circuit based in Cincinnati. He joined the Cravath firm a year later and
became a partner in 1985. His practice includes a wide variety of corporate
matters, including public and private financings, mergers and acquisitions and
corporate restructurings.
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Andrejs P. Stipnieks is a consultant on corporation and privatization of
government business enterprises. Until 1998, he was a Senior Government
Solicitor in the Office of Commercial Law in the Australian Government
Solicitor's Office. He graduated from the University of Adelaide, South
Australia, and is a Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Courts of South
Australia and the Australian Capital Territory and of the High Court of
Australia. He has specialized in transport law and practice, especially aviation
law and practice and represented Australia on the Legal Committee of the
International Civil Aviation Organization at Montreal in 1983.
On November 6, 1998, Dalen D. Thomas resigned his position as a director
and senior vice president of the Company. The Company and Mr. Thomas have
entered into an employment termination agreement and general release pursuant to
which Mr. Thomas will remain employed by the Company through December 31, 1998
and will be entitled to receive his salary and bonus through that date. His
stock options will remain exercisable after termination of employment until
their scheduled expiration dates.
CERTAIN RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Mr. Mikelsons is the sole owner of Betaco, Inc., a Delaware corporation
('Betaco'). Betaco currently owns two airplanes (a Cessna Citation II and a Lear
Jet) and three helicopters (a Bell 206B Jet Ranger III, an Aerospatiale 355F2
Twin Star and a Bell 206L-3 LongRanger). The two airplanes and the Twin Star and
LongRanger helicopters, are leased to ATA. The Company believes that the current
terms of the leases with Betaco for this equipment are no less favorable to the
Company than those that could be obtained from third parties.
The lease for the Cessna Citation currently requires a monthly payment of
$37,500. The lease for the Lear Jet requires a monthly payment of $42,000. The
lease for the JetRanger III currently requires a monthly payment of $7,000. The
lease for the Aerospatiale 355F2 Twin Star requires a monthly lease payment of
$12,000 and the lease for the LongRanger requires a monthly payment of $11,200.
Mr. Rogers, Chairman of the Audit Committee, is a partner in the law firm
of Cravath, Swaine & Moore, which provides legal services to the Company. Mr.
Abel, Chairman of the Compensation Committee, is a partner in the accounting
firm of Blue & Co., LLC, which provides tax and accounting services to the
Company.
Pursuant to a registration rights agreement between Mr. Mikelsons and the
Company (the 'Registration Agreement'), Mr. Mikelsons and certain transferees
(the 'Sellers') have the right to require that the Company register under the
Securities Act or qualify for sale (in either case, a 'demand registration') any
securities of the Company that they own, including shares of Common Stock, and
the Company is required to use reasonable efforts to cause such registration to
occur, subject to certain limitations and conditions, including that the Company
shall not be obligated to register or qualify such securities more than twice in
any 18 month period and then only if the request is to register at least 5% of
the total number of shares of Common Stock at the time issued and outstanding,
or in the case of a request to register debt securities, the principal amount of
such specified debt is at least $1,000,000. In addition, if the Company proposes
to register shares of Common Stock under the Securities Act, the Sellers have
the right to request the inclusion of their securities in such registration
statement, subject to certain limitations and conditions, among them the right
of the underwriters of such registered offering to exclude or limit the number
of their shares included in such offering. The Company will bear the entire cost
of the first three demand registrations and the Company and the Sellers will
each bear one-half of the costs of any subsequent demand registrations. These
costs include (legal fees and expenses of counsel for the Company) and certain
of the costs for the other Sellers. The Sellers will pay any underwriting
discounts and commissions associated with the sale of their securities and the
fees and expenses of their counsel.
The Company has agreed that in the event of any registration of shares of
securities pursuant to the Registration Agreement, it will indemnify the Sellers
and certain other related persons, against certain liabilities incurred in
connection with such registration, including liabilities under the Securities
Act. The Sellers will provide a similar indemnity for liabilities incurred as a
result of information jointly identified in writing by the Company and the
Sellers as concerning the Sellers and their security holdings in the Company and
as identified for use in such registration statement by the Sellers.
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Subject to certain limitations and conditions, the registration rights held
by Mr. Mikelsons may be transferred with his securities. The Registration
Agreement also contains various covenants imposing certain obligations upon the
Company when performing pursuant to such agreement including, among other
things, furnishing copies of any prospectus to Mr. Mikelsons, qualifying such
securities, entering into an underwriting agreement, listing the securities as
requested and taking such other necessary actions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES
The Notes are to be issued as a separate series under an Indenture, as
supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, each to be dated as of the
Closing Date (collectively, the 'Indenture'), among the Company, as issuer,
American Trans Air, Inc., Ambassadair Travel Club, Inc., ATA Vacations, Inc.
(formerly Amber Tours, Inc.), Amber Travel, Inc., American Trans Air Training
Corporation, American Trans Air ExecuJet, Inc., and Amber Air Freight
Corporation, as guarantors (collectively, the 'Guarantors'), and First Security
Bank, N.A., as trustee (the 'Trustee'). The following summary of certain
provisions of the Indenture, and the Notes does not purport to be complete and
is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, all the
provisions of the Indenture, including the definitions of certain terms therein
and those terms made a part thereof by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended (the 'Trust Indenture Act'). Copies of the Indenture and the Notes are
available upon request from the Company. Whenever particular defined terms of
the Indenture not otherwise defined herein are referred to, such defined terms
are incorporated herein by reference. For definitions of certain capitalized
terms used in the following summary, see ' -- Certain Definitions.'
GENERAL
The Notes will be unsecured senior obligations of the Company, initially
limited to $125 million aggregate principal amount, and will mature on December
15, 2005. Each Note will initially bear interest at the rate shown on the front
cover of this Prospectus Supplement from the Closing Date or from the most
recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or provided for,
payable semiannually (to Holders of record at the close of business on the June
1 or December 1 immediately preceding the Interest Payment Date) on June 15 and
December 15 of each year, commencing June 15, 1999.
Principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Notes will be payable,
and the Notes may be exchanged or transferred, at the office or agency of the
Company in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York; provided that, at the
option of the Company, payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the
Holders at their addresses as they appear in the Security Register.
The Notes will be issued only in fully registered form, without coupons, in
denominations of $1,000 of principal amount and any integral multiple thereof.
See ' -- Book-Entry; Delivery and Form.' No service charge will be made for any
registration of transfer or exchange of Notes, but the Company may require
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or other similar
governmental charge payable in connection therewith.
Subject to the covenants described below under 'Covenants' and applicable
law, the Company may issue additional Notes under the Indenture. The Notes
offered hereby and any additional Notes subsequently issued would be treated as
a single class for all purposes under the Indenture.
OPTIONAL REDEMPTION
In the event that more than 98% of the outstanding principal amount of the
Notes are tendered pursuant to an Offer to Purchase, as required by the
'Limitation on Asset Sales' or 'Repurchase of Notes upon a Change of Control'
covenant, the balance of the Notes will be redeemable, at the Company's option,
in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time thereafter and prior to
maturity, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' prior notice mailed by
first class mail to each Holder's last address as it appears in the Security
Register, at a Redemption Price equal to the price specified in such Offer to
Purchase plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the Redemption Date
(subject to the right
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of Holders of record on the relevant Regular Record Date that is on or prior to
the Redemption Date to receive interest due on an Interest Payment Date).
The Notes will also be redeemable, at the Company's option, in whole or in
part, at any time or from time to time, on or after June 15, 2003 and prior to
maturity, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' prior notice mailed by
first class mail to each Holders' last address as it appears in the Security
Register, at the following Redemption Prices (expressed in percentages of
principal amount), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the Redemption
Date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant Regular Record
Date that is on or prior to the Redemption Date to receive interest due on an
Interest Payment Date), if redeemed during the 12-month period commencing June
15 of the years set forth below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
REDEMPTION
YEAR PRICE
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
<S> <C>
2003................................................................... 104.813%
2004................................................................... 102.406
</TABLE>
and 100% if redeemed on or after June 15, 2005.
In addition, at any time prior to June 15, 2001 the Company may redeem up
to 35% of the principal amount of the Notes with the proceeds of one or more
sales of its Common Stock, at any time or from time to time in part, at a
Redemption Price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount) of 109.625%,
plus accrued and unpaid interest to the Redemption Date (subject to the rights
of Holders of record on the relevant Regular Record Date that is prior to the
Redemption Date to receive interest due on an Interest Payment Date); provided
that at least $81.25 million aggregate principal amount of Notes remains
outstanding after each such redemption.
In the case of any partial redemption, selection of the Notes for
redemption will be made by the Trustee in compliance with the requirements of
the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Notes are
listed or, if the Notes are not listed on a national securities exchange, by lot
or by such other method as the Trustee in its sole discretion shall deem to be
fair and appropriate; provided that no Note of $1,000 in principal amount or
less shall be redeemed in part. If any Note is to be redeemed in part only, the
notice of redemption relating to such Note shall state the portion of the
principal amount thereof to be redeemed. A new Note in principal amount equal to
the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued in the name of the Holder thereof
upon cancellation of the original Note.
SINKING FUND
There will be no sinking fund payments for the Notes.
GUARANTEES
The Company's obligations under the Notes are fully, irrevocably and
unconditionally guaranteed (the 'Note Guarantees') on a senior basis, jointly
and severally, by the Guarantors; provided that no Note Guarantee shall be
enforceable against any Guarantor in an amount in excess of the net worth of
such Guarantor at the time that determination of such net worth is, under
applicable law, relevant to the enforceability of such Note Guarantee. Such net
worth shall include any claim of such Guarantor against the Company for
reimbursement and any claim against any other Guarantor for contribution.
Each Note Guarantee, other than the Note Guarantee provided by ATA, will
provide by its terms that it shall be automatically and unconditionally released
and discharged upon any sale, exchange or transfer to any Person that is not an
Affiliate of the Company, of all of the Company's and each Restricted
Subsidiary's Capital Stock issued by, or all or substantially all the assets of,
such Guarantor (which sale, exchange or transfer is not prohibited by the
Indenture).
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RANKING
The Indebtedness evidenced by the Notes and the Note Guarantees will rank
pari passu in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior
indebtedness of the Company and the Guarantors, respectively, and senior in
right of payment to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of the
Company and the Guarantors, respectively. The Notes and Note Guarantees will
also be effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured indebtedness
of the Company and the Guarantors, to the extent of such security.
At September 30, 1998, after giving pro forma effect to the Offering and
the application of the net proceeds thereof, the Company (on a consolidated
basis) would have had outstanding approximately $305.7 million of indebtedness
(including the Notes), approximately $74.9 million of which would have been
secured. At September 30, 1998, after giving pro forma effect to the Offering
and the application of the net proceeds thereof, the Guarantors (on a
consolidated basis excluding indebtedness owed to the Company and indebtedness
of Amtran) would have had approximately $305.7 million of indebtedness
outstanding (other than the Note Guarantees), approximately $74.9 million of
which would have been secured indebtedness. See 'Capitalization.' The Credit
Agreement is secured by thirteen L-1011 aircraft and related engines, including
spares and may be secured by other assets as provided thereunder. See 'Liquidity
and Capital Resources -- Credit Facilities.' The Notes will be effectively
subordinated to such indebtedness to the extent of such security interests. See
'Risk Factors -- Holding Company Structure; Effective Subordination of Debt
Securities' in the accompanying Prospectus.
CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
Set forth below is a summary of certain of the defined terms used in the
covenants and other provisions of the Indenture. Reference is made to the
Indenture for the full definition of all terms as well as any other capitalized
term used herein for which no definition is provided.
'Acquired Indebtedness' means Indebtedness of a Person existing at the time
such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary or assumed in connection with an
Asset Acquisition by a Restricted Subsidiary and not Incurred in connection
with, or in anticipation of, such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary or
such Asset Acquisition; provided that Indebtedness of such Person which is
redeemed, defeased, retired or otherwise repaid at the time of or immediately
upon consummation of the transactions by which such Person becomes a Restricted
Subsidiary or such Asset Acquisition shall not be Acquired Indebtedness.
'Adjusted Consolidated Net Income' means, for any period, the aggregate net
income (or loss) of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period
determined in conformity with GAAP; provided that the following items shall be
excluded in computing Adjusted Consolidated Net Income (without duplication):
(i) the net income of any Person that is not a Restricted Subsidiary,
except to the extent of the amount of dividends or other distributions
actually paid to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries by
such Person during such period;
(ii) solely for the purposes of calculating the amount of Restricted
Payments that may be made pursuant to clause (C) of the first
paragraph of the 'Limitation on Restricted Payments' covenant
described below (and in such case, except to the extent includable
pursuant to clause (i) above), the net income (or loss) of any Person
accrued prior to the date it becomes a Restricted Subsidiary or is
merged into or consolidated with the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries or all or substantially all of the property and assets of
such Person are acquired by the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries;
(iii) the net income of any Restricted Subsidiary which is not a Guarantor
to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar
distributions by such Restricted Subsidiary of such net income is not
at the time permitted by the operation of the terms of its charter or
any agreement, instrument, judgment, decree, order, statute, rule or
governmental regulation applicable to such Restricted Subsidiary;
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(iv) any gains or losses (on an after-tax basis) attributable to Asset
Sales;
(v) except for purposes of calculating the amount of Restricted Payments
that may be made pursuant to clause (C) of the first paragraph of the
'Limitation on Restricted Payments' covenant described below, any
amount paid or accrued as dividends on Preferred Stock of the Company
or any Restricted Subsidiary owned by Persons other than the Company
and any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and
(vi) all extraordinary gains and extraordinary losses.
'Adjusted Consolidated Net Tangible Assets' means the total amount of
assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries (less applicable
depreciation, amortization and other valuation reserves), except to the extent
resulting from write-ups of capital assets (excluding write-ups in connection
with accounting for acquisitions in conformity with GAAP), after deducting
therefrom all current liabilities of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries
(excluding intercompany items) and all goodwill, trade names, trademarks,
patents, unamortized debt discount and expense and other like intangibles, all
as set forth on the most recent quarterly or annual consolidated balance sheet
of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, prepared in conformity with GAAP
and filed with the Commission or provided to the Trustee pursuant to the
'Commission Reports and Reports to Holders' covenant.
'Affiliate' means, as applied to any Person, any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under direct or indirect common
control with, such Person. For purposes of this definition, 'control'
(including, with correlative meanings, the terms 'controlling,' 'controlled by'
and 'under common control with'), as applied to any Person, means the
possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the
direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the
ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
'Asset Acquisition' means (i) an investment by the Company or any of its
Restricted Subsidiaries in any other Person pursuant to which such Person shall
become a Restricted Subsidiary or shall be merged into or consolidated with the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; provided that such Person's
primary business is related, ancillary or complementary to the businesses of the
Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries on the date of such investment or (ii)
an acquisition by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of the
property and assets of any Person other than the Company or any of its
Restricted Subsidiaries that constitute substantially all of a division or line
of business of such Person; provided that the property and assets acquired are
related, ancillary or complementary to the businesses of the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries on the date of such acquisition.
'Asset Disposition' means the sale or other disposition by the Company or
any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than to the Company or another
Restricted Subsidiary) of (i) all or substantially all of the Capital Stock of
any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or (ii) all or substantially all of the
assets that constitute a division or line of business of the Company or any of
its Restricted Subsidiaries.
'Asset Sale' means any sale, transfer or other disposition (including by
way of merger, consolidation or sale-leaseback transaction) in one transaction
or a series of related transactions by the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries to any Person other than the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries of:
(i) all or any of the Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary (other
than directors' qualifying shares),
(ii) all or substantially all of the property and assets of an operating
unit or business of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries
or
(iii) any other property and assets of the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries outside the ordinary course of business of the Company
or such Restricted Subsidiary and, in each case, that is not governed
by the provisions of the Indenture applicable to mergers,
consolidations and sales of assets of the Company; provided that
'Asset Sale' shall not include
(a) sales or other dispositions of inventory, receivables and other
current assets,
(b) sales or other dispositions of assets for consideration at least
equal to the fair market value of the assets sold or disposed of,
to the extent that the consideration received would satisfy clause
(B) of the 'Limitation on Asset Sales' covenant or
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(c) sales or other dispositions of assets in a single transaction or
series of related transactions having a fair market value, as
determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, of $2 million
or less.
'Average Life' means, at any date of determination with respect to any debt
security, the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the sum of the products of (a)
the number of years from such date of determination to the dates of each
successive scheduled principal payment of such debt security and (b) the amount
of such principal payment by (ii) the sum of all such principal payments.
'Capital Stock' means, with respect to any Person, any and all shares,
interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated, whether
voting or non-voting) in equity of such Person, whether outstanding on the
Closing Date or issued thereafter, including, without limitation, all Common
Stock and Preferred Stock.
'Capitalized Lease' means, as applied to any Person, any lease of any
property (whether real, personal or mixed) of which the discounted present value
of the rental obligations of such Person as lessee, in conformity with GAAP, is
required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of such Person.
'Capitalized Lease Obligations' means the discounted present value of the
rental obligations under a Capitalized Lease.
'Change of Control' means such time as:
(i) (x) a 'person' or 'group' (within the meaning of Sections 13(d) and
14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act) becomes the ultimate 'beneficial owner'
(as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of more than 35% of
the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Company on a fully
diluted basis and such ownership represents a greater percentage of
the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Company, on a fully
diluted basis, than is held by the Existing Stockholders and their
Affiliates on such date and (y) immediately following the occurrence
of the events specified in subsection (x), there shall have occurred
any downgrading, or notice shall have been given of any intended or
potential downgrading, in the rating accorded any of the Company's
securities or
(ii) individuals who on the Closing Date constitute the Board of Directors
(together with any new directors whose election by the Board of
Directors or whose nomination by the Board of Directors for election
by the Company's stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-
thirds of the members of the Board of Directors then in office who
either were members of the Board of Directors on the Closing Date or
whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved)
cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the members of the
Board of Directors then in office.
'Closing Date' means the date on which the Notes are originally issued
under the Indenture.
'Consolidated EBITDA' means, for any period, Adjusted Consolidated Net
Income for such period plus, to the extent such amount was deducted in
calculating such Adjusted Consolidated Net Income,
(i) Consolidated Interest Expense,
(ii) income taxes (other than income taxes (either positive or negative)
attributable to extraordinary and non-recurring gains or losses
arising out of sales of assets),
(iii) depreciation expense,
(iv) amortization expense and
(v) all other non-cash items reducing Adjusted Consolidated Net Income
(other than items that will require cash payments and for which an
accrual or reserve is, or is required by GAAP to be, made), less all
non-cash items increasing Adjusted Consolidated Net Income, all as
determined on a consolidated basis for the Company and its Restricted
Subsidiaries in conformity with GAAP; provided that, if any Restricted
Subsidiary is not a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary, Consolidated
EBITDA shall be reduced (to the extent not otherwise reduced in the
calculation of Adjusted Consolidated Net Income in accordance with
GAAP) by an amount equal to (A) the amount of the Adjusted
Consolidated Net Income attributable
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to such Restricted Subsidiary multiplied by (B) the quotient of (1)
the number of shares of outstanding Common Stock of such Restricted
Subsidiary not owned on the last day of such period by the Company or
any of its Restricted Subsidiaries divided by (2) the total number of
shares of outstanding Common Stock of such Restricted Subsidiary on
the last day of such period.
'Consolidated Interest Expense' means, for any period, the aggregate amount
of interest in respect of Indebtedness (including, without limitation but
without duplication, amortization of original issue discount on any Indebtedness
and the interest portion of any deferred purchase price payment obligation,
calculated in accordance with the effective interest method of accounting; all
commissions, discounts and other fees and charges owed with respect to letters
of credit and bankers' acceptance financing; the net costs associated with
Interest Rate Agreements; and Indebtedness that is Guaranteed or secured by the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries) and the interest component of
rentals in respect of Capitalized Lease Obligations paid, accrued or scheduled
to be paid or to be accrued by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries
during such period; excluding, however,
(i) any amount of such interest of any Restricted Subsidiary if the net
income of such Restricted Subsidiary is excluded in the calculation of
Adjusted Consolidated Net Income pursuant to clause (iii) of the
definition thereof (but only in the same proportion as the net income
of such Restricted Subsidiary is excluded from the calculation of
Adjusted Consolidated Net Income pursuant to clause (iii) of the
definition thereof),
(ii) any premiums, fees and expenses (and any amortization thereof) payable
in connection with the offering of the Notes or the Credit Agreement,
all as determined on a consolidated basis (without taking into account
Unrestricted Subsidiaries) in conformity with GAAP, and
(iii) any interest or other financing costs associated with loans to
students of the Company's training academy, unless such costs are
paid by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary.
'Consolidated Net Worth' means, at any date of determination, stockholders'
equity as set forth on the most recently available quarterly or annual
consolidated balance sheet of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries (which
shall be as of a date not more than 90 days prior to the date of such
computation, and which shall not take into account Unrestricted Subsidiaries),
less any amounts attributable to Disqualified Stock or any equity security
convertible into or exchangeable for Indebtedness, the cost of treasury stock
and the principal amount of any promissory notes receivable from the sale of the
Capital Stock of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, each item to
be determined in conformity with GAAP (excluding the effects of foreign currency
exchange adjustments under Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 52).
'Credit Agreement' means the credit agreement among ATA, NBD Bank, N.A., as
agent, the lenders named therein, the Company and the other Guarantors, as
guarantors, together with all other loan or credit agreements entered into from
time to time with one or more banks or other institutional lenders and all
instruments and documents executed or delivered pursuant thereto, in each case
as such agreements, instruments or documents may be amended (including any
amendment and restatement thereof), supplemented, replaced or otherwise modified
from time to time in one or more successive transactions (including any such
transaction that changes the amount available, replaces the relevant agreement
or changes one or more lenders).
'Currency Agreement' means any foreign exchange contract, currency swap
agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement.
'Default' means any event that is, or after notice or passage of time or
both would be, an Event of Default.
'Disqualified Stock' means any class or series of Capital Stock of any
Person that by its terms or otherwise is:
(i) required to be redeemed prior to the Stated Maturity of the Notes,
(ii) redeemable at the option of the holder of such class or series of
Capital Stock at any time prior to the Stated Maturity of the Notes or
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(iii) convertible into or exchangeable for Capital Stock referred to in
clause (i) or (ii) above or Indebtedness having a scheduled maturity
prior to the Stated Maturity of the Notes; provided that any Capital
Stock that would not constitute Disqualified Stock but for provisions
thereof giving holders thereof the right to require such Person to
repurchase or redeem such Capital Stock upon the occurrence of an
'asset sale' or 'change of control' occurring prior to the Stated
Maturity of the Notes shall not constitute Disqualified Stock if the
'asset sale' or 'change of control' provisions applicable to such
Capital Stock are no more favorable to the holders of such Capital
Stock than the provisions contained in 'Limitation on Asset Sales'
and 'Repurchase of Notes upon a Change of Control' covenants
described below and such Capital Stock specifically provides that
such Person will not repurchase or redeem any such stock pursuant to
such provision prior to the Company's repurchase of such Notes as are
required to be repurchased pursuant to the 'Limitation on Asset
Sales' and 'Repurchase of Notes upon a Change of Control' covenants
described below.
'Existing Stockholders' means J. George Mikelsons, his spouse, his issue,
any trust for any of the foregoing and any Affiliate of any of the foregoing.
'fair market value' means the price that would be paid in an arm's-length
transaction between an informed and willing seller under no compulsion to sell
and an informed and willing buyer under no compulsion to buy, as determined in
good faith by the Board of Directors, whose determination shall be conclusive if
evidenced by a Board Resolution.
'GAAP' means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States
of America as in effect as of the Closing Date, including, without limitation,
those set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles
Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements
and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other
statements by such other entity as approved by a significant segment of the
accounting profession. All ratios and computations contained or referred to in
the Indenture:
(i) shall be computed in conformity with GAAP applied on a consistent
basis, except that calculations made for purposes of determining
compliance with the terms of the covenants and with other provisions
of the Indenture shall be made without giving effect to (A) the
amortization of any expenses incurred in connection with the offering
of the Notes and (B) except as otherwise provided, the amortization of
any amounts required or permitted by Accounting Principles Board
Opinion Nos. 16 and 17 and
(ii) shall, insofar as they involve the treatment for financial reporting
purposes of amounts incurred with engine overhauls, reflect the
accounting policy of the Company as in effect as of the Closing Date.
'Guarantee' means, without duplication, any obligation, contingent or
otherwise, of any Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Indebtedness of
any other Person and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any
obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person:
(i) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or
payment of) such Indebtedness of such other Person (whether arising by
virtue of partnership arrangements, or by agreements to keep-well, to
purchase assets, goods, securities or services (unless such purchase
arrangements are on arm's-length terms and are entered into in the
ordinary course of business), to take-or-pay, or to maintain financial
statement conditions or otherwise) or
(ii) entered into for purposes of assuring in any other manner the obligee
of such Indebtedness of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee
against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part); provided that
the term 'Guarantee' shall not include endorsements for collection or
deposit in the ordinary course of business. The term 'Guarantee' used
as a verb has a corresponding meaning.
'Incur' means, with respect to any Indebtedness, to incur, create, issue,
assume, Guarantee or otherwise become liable for or with respect to, or become
responsible for, the payment of, contingently or otherwise, such Indebtedness,
including an 'Incurrence' of Acquired Indebtedness; provided that neither the
accrual of interest nor the accretion of original issue discount shall be
considered an Incurrence of Indebtedness.
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'Indebtedness' means, with respect to any Person at any date of
determination (without duplication)':
(i) all indebtedness of such Person for borrowed money,
(ii) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes
or other similar instruments,
(iii) all obligations of such Person in respect of letters of credit or
other similar instruments (including reimbursement obligations with
respect thereto, but excluding obligations with respect to letters
of credit (including trade letters of credit) securing obligations
(other than obligations described in (i) or (ii) above or (v), (vi)
or (vii) below) entered into in the ordinary course of business of
such Person to the extent such letters of credit are not drawn upon
or, if drawn upon, to the extent such drawing is reimbursed no later
than the third Business Day following receipt by such Person of a
demand for reimbursement),
(iv) all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred and unpaid
purchase price of property or services, which purchase price is due
more than six months after the date of placing such property in
service or taking delivery and title thereto or the completion of
such services, except Trade Payables,
(v) all Capitalized Lease Obligations,
(vi) all Indebtedness of other Persons secured by a Lien on any asset of
such Person, whether or not such Indebtedness is assumed by such
Person; provided that the amount of such Indebtedness shall be the
lesser of (A) the fair market value of such asset at such date of
determination and (B) the amount of such Indebtedness,
(vii) all Indebtedness of other Persons Guaranteed by such Person to the
extent such Indebtedness is Guaranteed by such Person and
(viii) to the extent not otherwise included in this definition, obligations
under Currency Agreements and Interest Rate Agreements. The amount
of Indebtedness of any Person at any date shall be the outstanding
balance at such date of all unconditional obligations as described
above and, with respect to contingent obligations, the maximum
liability upon the occurrence of the contingency giving rise to the
obligation, provided (A) that the amount outstanding at any time of
any Indebtedness issued with original issue discount is the face
amount of such Indebtedness less the remaining unamortized portion
of the original issue discount of such Indebtedness at the time of
its issuance as determined in conformity with GAAP, (B) that money
borrowed and set aside at the time of the Incurrence of any
Indebtedness in order to prefund the payment of the interest on such
Indebtedness shall not be deemed to be 'Indebtedness' and (C) that
Indebtedness shall not include any liability for federal, state,
local or other taxes.
'Interest Coverage Ratio' means, on any Transaction Date, the ratio of (i)
the aggregate amount of Consolidated EBITDA for the then most recent four fiscal
quarters prior to such Transaction Date for which reports have been filed with
the Commission (the 'Four Quarter Period') to (ii) the aggregate Consolidated
Interest Expense during such Four Quarter Period.
In making the foregoing calculation,
(A) pro forma effect shall be given to any Indebtedness Incurred or repaid
during the period (the 'Reference Period') commencing on the first day
of the Four Quarter Period and ending on the Transaction Date (other
than Indebtedness Incurred or repaid under a revolving credit or
similar arrangement to the extent of the commitment thereunder (or
under any predecessor revolving credit or similar arrangement) in
effect on the last day of such Four Quarter Period unless any portion
of such Indebtedness is projected, in the reasonable judgment of the
senior management of the Company, to remain outstanding for a period in
excess of 12 months from the date of the Incurrence thereof), in each
case as if such Indebtedness had been Incurred or repaid on the first
day of such Reference Period;
(B) Consolidated Interest Expense attributable to interest on any
Indebtedness (whether existing or being Incurred) computed on a pro
forma basis and bearing a floating interest rate shall be
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computed as if the rate in effect on the Transaction Date (taking into
account any Interest Rate Agreement applicable to such Indebtedness if
such Interest Rate Agreement has a remaining term in excess of 12
months or, if shorter, at least equal to the remaining term of such
Indebtedness) had been the applicable rate for the entire period;
(C) pro forma effect shall be given to Asset Dispositions and Asset
Acquisitions (including giving pro forma effect to the application of
proceeds of any Asset Disposition) that occur during such Reference
Period as if they had occurred and such proceeds had been applied on
the first day of such Reference Period; and
(D) pro forma effect shall be given to asset dispositions and asset
acquisitions (including giving pro forma effect to the application of
proceeds of any asset disposition) that have been made by any Person
that has become a Restricted Subsidiary or has been merged with or into
the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary during such Reference Period
and that would have constituted Asset Dispositions or Asset
Acquisitions had such transactions occurred when such Person was a
Restricted Subsidiary as if such asset dispositions or asset
acquisitions were Asset Dispositions or Asset Acquisitions that
occurred on the first day of such Reference Period; provided that to
the extent that clause (C) or (D) of this sentence requires that pro
forma effect be given to an Asset Acquisition or Asset Disposition,
such pro forma calculation shall be based upon the four full fiscal
quarters immediately preceding the Transaction Date of the Person, or
division or line of business of the Person, that is acquired or
disposed for which financial information is available.
'Interest Rate Agreement' means any interest rate protection agreement,
interest rate future agreement, interest rate option agreement, interest rate
swap agreement, interest rate cap agreement, interest rate collar agreement,
interest rate hedge agreement, option or future contract or other similar
agreement or arrangement.
'Investment' in any Person means any direct or indirect advance, loan or
other extension of credit (including, without limitation, by way of Guarantee or
similar arrangement; but excluding advances to customers in the ordinary course
of business that are, in conformity with GAAP, recorded as accounts receivable
on the balance sheet of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries) or capital
contribution to (by means of any transfer of cash or other property to others or
any payment for property or services for the account or use of others), or any
purchase or acquisition of Capital Stock, bonds, notes, debentures or other
similar instruments issued by, such Person and shall include:
(i) the designation of a Restricted Subsidiary as an Unrestricted
Subsidiary and
(ii) the fair market value of the Capital Stock (or any other Investment),
held by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, of (or in)
any Person that has ceased to be a Restricted Subsidiary, including
without limitation, by reason of any transaction permitted by clause
(iii) of the 'Limitation on the Issuance and Sale of Capital Stock of
Restricted Subsidiaries' covenant; provided that the fair market
value of the Investment remaining in any Person that has ceased to be
a Restricted Subsidiary shall not exceed the aggregate amount of
Investments previously made in such Person valued at the time such
Investments were made less the net reduction of such Investments.
For purposes of the definition of 'Unrestricted Subsidiary' and the
'Limitation on Restricted Payments' covenant described below:
(i) 'Investment' shall include the fair market value of the assets (net of
liabilities (other than liabilities to the Company or any of its
Restricted Subsidiaries)) of any Restricted Subsidiary at the time
that such Restricted Subsidiary is designated an Unrestricted
Subsidiary,
(ii) the fair market value of the assets (net of liabilities (other than
liabilities to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries)) of
any Unrestricted Subsidiary at the time that such Unrestricted
Subsidiary is designated a Restricted Subsidiary shall be considered a
reduction in outstanding Investments and
(iii) any property transferred to or from an Unrestricted Subsidiary shall
be valued at its fair market value at the time of such transfer.
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'Lien' means any mortgage, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, lien or
charge of any kind (including, without limitation, any conditional sale or other
title retention agreement or lease in the nature thereof or any agreement to
give any security interest).
'Moody's' means Moody's Investors Service, Inc. and its successors.
'Net Cash Proceeds' means:
(a) with respect to any Asset Sale, the proceeds of such Asset Sale in the
form of cash or cash equivalents, including payments in respect of
deferred payment obligations (to the extent corresponding to the
principal, but not interest, component thereof) when received in the
form of cash or cash equivalents (except to the extent such obligations
are financed or sold with recourse to the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary) and proceeds from the conversion of other property received
when converted to cash or cash equivalents, net of (i) brokerage
commissions and other fees and expenses (including fees and expenses of
counsel and investment bankers) related to such Asset Sale, (ii)
provisions for all taxes (whether or not such taxes will actually be
paid or are payable) as a result of such Asset Sale without regard to
the consolidated results of operations of the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (iii) payments made to repay
Indebtedness or any other obligation outstanding at the time of such
Asset Sale that either (A) is secured by a Lien on the property or
assets sold or (B) is required to be paid as a result of such sale and
(iv) appropriate amounts to be provided by the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary as a reserve against any liabilities associated
with such Asset Sale, including, without limitation, pension and other
post-employment benefit liabilities, liabilities related to
environmental matters and liabilities under any indemnification
obligations associated with such Asset Sale, all as determined in
conformity with GAAP and
(b) with respect to any issuance or sale of Capital Stock, the proceeds of
such issuance or sale in the form of cash or cash equivalents,
including payments in respect of deferred payment obligations (to the
extent corresponding to the principal, but not interest, component
thereof) when received in the form of cash or cash equivalents (except
to the extent such obligations are financed or sold with recourse to
the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary) and proceeds from the
conversion of other property received when converted to cash or cash
equivalents, net of attorney's fees, accountants' fees, underwriters'
or placement agents' fees, discounts or commissions and brokerage,
consultant and other fees incurred in connection with such issuance or
sale and net of taxes paid or payable as a result thereof.
'Note Guarantee' means any Guarantee of the Notes by a Guarantor.
'Offer to Purchase' means an offer to purchase Notes by the Company from
the Holders commenced by mailing a notice to the Trustee and each Holder
stating:
(i) the covenant pursuant to which the offer is being made and that all
Notes validly tendered will be accepted for payment on a pro rata
basis;
(ii) the purchase price and the date of purchase (which shall be a
Business Day no earlier than 30 days nor later than 60 days from the
date such notice is mailed) (the 'Payment Date');
(iii) that any Note not tendered will continue to accrue interest pursuant
to its terms;
(iv) that, unless the Company defaults in the payment of the purchase
price, any Note accepted for payment pursuant to the Offer to
Purchase shall cease to accrue interest on and after the Payment
Date;
(v) that Holders electing to have a Note purchased pursuant to the Offer
to Purchase will be required to surrender the Note, together with the
form entitled 'Option of the Holder to Elect Purchase' on the reverse
side of the Note completed, to the Paying Agent at the address
specified in the notice prior to the close of business on the
Business Day immediately preceding the Payment Date;
(vi) that Holders will be entitled to withdraw their election if the
Paying Agent receives, not later than the close of business on the
third Business Day immediately preceding the Payment Date, a
telegram, facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of
such Holder, the
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principal amount of Notes delivered for purchase and a statement that
such Holder is withdrawing his election to have such Notes purchased;
(vii) that Holders whose Notes are being purchased only in part will be
issued new Notes equal in principal amount to the unpurchased portion
of the Notes surrendered; provided that each Note purchased and each
new Note issued shall be in a principal amount of $1,000 or integral
multiples thereof; and
(viii) if more than 98% of the outstanding principal amount of the Notes is
tendered pursuant to an Offer to Purchase, the Company shall have
the right to redeem the balance of the Notes at the purchase price
specified in such Offer to Purchase, plus (without duplication)
accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the Redemption Date on the
principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed. On the Payment Date,
the Company shall (i) accept for payment on a pro rata basis Notes
or portions thereof tendered pursuant to an Offer to Purchase; (ii)
deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the purchase
price of all Notes or portions thereof so accepted; and (iii)
deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Trustee all Notes or
portions thereof so accepted together with an Officers' Certificate
specifying the Notes or portions thereof accepted for payment by the
Company. The Paying Agent shall promptly mail to the Holders of
Notes so accepted payment in an amount equal to the purchase price,
and the Trustee shall promptly authenticate and mail to such Holders
a new Note equal in principal amount to any unpurchased portion of
the Note surrendered; provided that each Note purchased and each new
Note issued shall be in a principal amount of $1,000 or integral
multiples thereof. The Company will publicly announce the results of
an Offer to Purchase as soon as practicable after the Payment Date.
The Trustee shall act as the Paying Agent for an Offer to Purchase.
The Company will comply with Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act and
any other securities laws and regulations thereunder to the extent
such laws and regulations are applicable, in the event that the
Company is required to repurchase Notes pursuant to an Offer to
Purchase.
'Permitted Investment' means:
(i) an Investment in the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary or a Person
which will, upon the making of such Investment, become a Restricted
Subsidiary or be merged or consolidated with or into or transfer or
convey all or substantially all its assets to, the Company or a
Restricted Subsidiary; provided that such person's primary business
is related, ancillary or complementary to the businesses of the
Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries on the date of such
Investment;
(ii) Temporary Cash Investments;
(iii) payroll, travel and similar advances to cover matters that are
expected at the time of such advances ultimately to be treated as
expenses in accordance with GAAP;
(iv) stock, obligations or securities received in settlement or
satisfaction of judgments or claims;
(v) loans or advances to employees in the ordinary course of business;
and
(vi) the non-cash portion of the consideration received for any Asset
Sale.
'Permitted Liens' means:
(i) Liens for taxes, assessments, governmental charges or claims that
are being contested in good faith by appropriate legal proceedings
promptly instituted and diligently conducted and for which a
reserve or other appropriate provision, if any, as shall be
required in conformity with GAAP shall have been made;
(ii) statutory and common law Liens of landlords and carriers,
warehousemen, mechanics, suppliers, materialmen, repairmen or other
similar Liens arising in the ordinary course of business and with
respect to amounts not yet delinquent or being contested in good
faith by appropriate legal proceedings promptly instituted and
diligently conducted and for which a reserve or other appropriate
provision, if any, as shall be required in conformity with GAAP
shall have been made;
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(iii) Liens incurred or deposits made in the ordinary course of business
in connection with workers' compensation, unemployment insurance
and other types of social security;
(iv) Liens incurred or deposits made to secure the performance of
tenders, bids, leases, statutory or regulatory obligations, bankers'
acceptances, surety and appeal bonds, government contracts,
performance and return-of-money bonds and other obligations of a
similar nature incurred in the ordinary course of business
(exclusive of obligations for the payment of borrowed money);
(v) easements, rights-of-way, municipal and zoning ordinances and
similar charges, encumbrances, title defects or other irregularities
that do not materially interfere with the ordinary course of
business of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries;
(vi) Liens (including extensions and renewals thereof) upon real or
personal property acquired after the Closing Date; provided that (a)
each such Lien is created solely for the purpose of securing
Indebtedness Incurred to finance the costs (including transaction
costs and the costs of improvement or construction) of the item of
property or assets subject thereto and such Lien is created prior
to, at the time of or within twelve months after, the later of the
acquisition, the completion of construction or the commencement of
full operation of such property or assets (b) the principal amount
of the Indebtedness secured by such Lien does not exceed 100% of
such costs and (c) any such Lien shall not extend to or cover any
property or assets other than such item of property or assets and
any improvements on such item;
(vii) Liens upon aircraft, engines and buyer-furnished equipment attached
thereto or incorporated therein other than as permitted by the
foregoing clause (vi); provided that, after giving effect thereto
and the Indebtedness secured thereby, the book value of assets of
the Company not subject to any Lien (other than Liens described in
clauses (i) through (v), (xiii) and (xvi) of the definition of
'Permitted Liens') shall be not less than $125 million;
(viii) leases or subleases granted to others that do not materially
interfere with the ordinary course of business of the Company and
its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole;
(ix) Liens encumbering property or assets under construction arising from
progress or partial payments by a customer of the Company or its
Restricted Subsidiaries relating to such property or assets;
(x) any interest or title of a lessor in the property subject to any
Capitalized Lease or operating lease;
(xi) Liens arising from filing Uniform Commercial Code financing
statements regarding leases;
(xii) Liens on property of, or on shares of Capital Stock or Indebtedness
of, any Person existing at the time such Person becomes, or becomes
a part of, any Restricted Subsidiary; provided that such Liens do
not extend to or cover any property or assets of the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary other than the property or assets acquired;
(xiii) Liens with respect to the assets of a Restricted Subsidiary granted
by such Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or a Wholly Owned
Restricted Subsidiary to secure Indebtedness owing to the Company
or such other Restricted Subsidiary;
(xiv) Liens arising from the rendering of a final judgment or order
against the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary that does not give
rise to an Event of Default;
(xv) Liens securing reimbursement obligations with respect to letters of
credit that encumber documents and other property relating to such
letters of credit and the products and proceeds thereof;
(xvi) Liens in favor of customs and revenue authorities arising as a
matter of law to secure payment of customs duties in connection with
the importation of goods;
(xvii) Liens encumbering customary initial deposits and margin deposits,
and other Liens that are within the general parameters customary in
the industry and incurred in the ordinary course of business, in
each case, securing Indebtedness under Interest Rate Agreements and
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Currency Agreements and forward contracts, options, future
contracts, futures options or similar agreements or arrangements
designed solely to protect the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries from fluctuations in interest rates, currencies or the
price of commodities;
(xviii) Liens arising out of conditional sale, title retention, consignment
or similar arrangements for the sale of goods entered into by the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary
course of business in accordance with the past practices of the
Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries prior to the Closing Date;
and
(xix) Liens on or sales of receivables.
'Restricted Subsidiary' means any Subsidiary of the Company other than an
Unrestricted Subsidiary.
'S&P' means Standard & Poor's Ratings Service and its successors.
'Significant Subsidiary' means, at any date of determination, any
Restricted Subsidiary that, together with its Subsidiaries, (i) for the most
recent fiscal year of the Company, accounted for more than 10% of the
consolidated revenues of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries or (ii) as
of the end of such fiscal year, was the owner of more than 10% of the
consolidated assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, all as set
forth on the most recently available consolidated financial statements of the
Company for such fiscal year.
'Stated Maturity' means, (i) with respect to any debt security, the date
specified in such debt security as the fixed date on which the final installment
of principal of such debt security is due and payable and (ii) with respect to
any scheduled installment of principal of or interest on any debt security, the
date specified in such debt security as the fixed date on which such installment
is due and payable.
'Subsidiary' means, with respect to any Person, any corporation,
association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the voting power
of the outstanding Voting Stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person
and one or more other Subsidiaries of such Person.
'Temporary Cash Investment' means any of the following:
(i) direct obligations of the United States of America or any agency
thereof or obligations fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the
United States of America or any agency thereof,
(ii) time deposit accounts, certificates of deposit and money market
deposits maturing within 180 days of the date of acquisition thereof
issued by a bank or trust company which is organized under the laws of
the United States of America, any state thereof or any foreign country
recognized by the United States of America, and which bank or trust
company has capital, surplus and undivided profits aggregating in
excess of $50 million (or the foreign currency equivalent thereof) and
has outstanding debt which is rated 'A' (or such similar equivalent
rating) or higher by at least one nationally recognized statistical
rating organization (as defined in Rule 436 under the Securities Act)
or any money-market fund sponsored by a registered broker dealer or
mutual fund distributor,
(iii) repurchase obligations with a term of not more than 30 days for
underlying securities of the types described in clause (i) above
entered into with a bank meeting the qualifications described in
clause (ii) above,
(iv) commercial paper, maturing not more than 90 days after the date of
acquisition, issued by a corporation (other than an Affiliate of the
Company) organized and in existence under the laws of the United
States of America, any state thereof or any foreign country recognized
by the United States of America with a rating at the time as of which
any investment therein is made of 'P-1' (or higher) according to
Moody's or 'A-1' (or higher) according to S&P, and
(v) securities with maturities of six months or less from the date of
acquisition issued or fully and unconditionally guaranteed by any
state, commonwealth or territory of the United States of America, or
by any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof, and rated at
least 'A' by S&P or Moody's.
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'Trade Payables' means, with respect to any Person, any accounts payable or
any other indebtedness or monetary obligation to trade creditors created,
assumed or Guaranteed by such Person or any of its Subsidiaries arising in the
ordinary course of business in connection with the acquisition of goods or
services.
'Transaction Date' means, with respect to the Incurrence of any
Indebtedness by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, the date such
Indebtedness is to be Incurred and, with respect to any Restricted Payment, the
date such Restricted Payment is to be made.
'Unrestricted Subsidiary' means (i) any Subsidiary of the Company that at
the time of determination shall be designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary by the
Board of Directors in the manner provided below; and (ii) any Subsidiary of an
Unrestricted Subsidiary. The Board of Directors may designate any Restricted
Subsidiary (including any newly acquired or newly formed Subsidiary of the
Company) to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary unless such Subsidiary owns any
Capital Stock of, or owns or holds any Lien on any property of, the Company or
any Restricted Subsidiary; provided that (A) any Guarantee by the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary of any Indebtedness of the Subsidiary being so designated
shall be deemed an 'Incurrence' of such Indebtedness and an 'Investment' by the
Company or such Restricted Subsidiary (or both, if applicable) at the time of
such designation; (B) either (I) the Subsidiary to be so designated has total
assets of $1,000 or less or (II) if such Subsidiary has assets greater than
$1,000, such designation would be permitted under the 'Limitation on Restricted
Payments' covenant described below and (C) if applicable, the Incurrence of
Indebtedness and the Investment referred to in clause (A) of this proviso would
be permitted under the 'Limitation on Indebtedness' and 'Limitation on
Restricted Payments' covenants described below. The Board of Directors may
designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary; provided
that (i) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing at
the time of or after giving effect to such designation and (ii) all Liens and
Indebtedness of such Unrestricted Subsidiary outstanding immediately after such
designation would, if Incurred at such time, have been permitted to be Incurred
(and shall be deemed to have been Incurred) for all purposes of the Indenture.
Any such designation by the Board of Directors shall be evidenced to the Trustee
by promptly filing with the Trustee a copy of the Board Resolution giving effect
to such designation and an Officers' Certificate certifying that such
designation complied with the foregoing provisions.
'Voting Stock' means with respect to any Person, Capital Stock of any class
or kind ordinarily having the power to vote for the election of directors,
managers or other voting members of the governing body of such Person.
'Wholly Owned' means, with respect to any Subsidiary of any Person, the
ownership of all of the outstanding Capital Stock of such Subsidiary (other than
any director's qualifying shares or Investments by foreign nationals mandated by
applicable law) by such Person or one or more Wholly Owned Subsidiaries of such
Person.
COVENANTS
Limitation on Indebtedness
(a) The Company will not, and will not permit any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries to, Incur any Indebtedness (other than the Notes, the Note
Guarantees and other Indebtedness existing on the Closing Date); provided that
the Company may Incur Indebtedness if, after giving effect to the Incurrence of
such Indebtedness and the receipt and application of the proceeds therefrom, the
Interest Coverage Ratio would be greater than 3:1.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company and any Restricted Subsidiary
(except as specified below) may Incur each and all of the following:
(i) Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary that is a
Guarantor outstanding at any time under the Credit Agreement;
provided, that after giving effect to the Incurrence of any such
Indebtedness, the book value of assets of the Company not subject to
any Lien (other than Liens described in clauses (i) through (v),
(xiii) and (xvi) of the definition of 'Permitted Liens') shall not be
less than $125 million;
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(ii) Indebtedness owed (A) to the Company evidenced by an unsubordinated
promissory note or (B) to any of its Restricted Subsidiaries;
provided that any event which results in any such Restricted
Subsidiary ceasing to be a Restricted Subsidiary or any subsequent
transfer of such Indebtedness (other than to the Company or another
Restricted Subsidiary) shall be deemed, in each case, to constitute
an Incurrence of such Indebtedness not permitted by this clause
(ii);
(iii) Indebtedness issued in exchange for, or the net proceeds of which
are used to refinance or refund, then outstanding Indebtedness
(other than Indebtedness Incurred under clause (i), (ii), (iv), (v)
or (viii) of this paragraph) and any refinancings thereof in an
amount not to exceed the amount so refinanced or refunded (plus
premiums, accrued interest, fees and expenses); provided that
Indebtedness the proceeds of which are used to refinance or refund
the Notes or Indebtedness that is pari passu with, or subordinated
in right of payment to, the Notes or Note Guarantees shall only be
permitted under this clause (iii) if (A) in case the Notes are
refinanced in part or the Indebtedness to be refinanced is pari
passu with the Notes or Note Guarantees, such new Indebtedness, by
its terms or by the terms of any agreement or instrument pursuant to
which such new Indebtedness is outstanding, is expressly made pari
passu with, or subordinate in right of payment to, the remaining
Notes or Note Guarantees, as the case may be, (B) in case the
Indebtedness to be refinanced is subordinated in right of payment to
the Notes or Note Guarantees, as the case may be, such new
Indebtedness, by its terms or by the terms of any agreement or
instrument pursuant to which such new Indebtedness is issued or
remains outstanding, is expressly made subordinate in right of
payment to the Notes or the Note Guarantees, as the case may be, at
least to the extent that the Indebtedness to be refinanced is
subordinated to the Notes or the Note Guarantees, as the case may
be, and (C) such new Indebtedness, determined as of the date of
Incurrence of such new Indebtedness, does not mature prior to the
Stated Maturity of the Indebtedness to be refinanced or refunded,
and the Average Life of such new Indebtedness is at least equal to
the remaining Average Life of the Indebtedness to be refinanced or
refunded; and provided further that in no event may Indebtedness of
the Company be refinanced by means of any Indebtedness of any
Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to this clause (iii) (other than
pursuant to an Offer to Purchase);
(iv) Indebtedness (A) in respect of performance, surety or appeal bonds
provided in the ordinary course of business, (B) under Currency
Agreements and Interest Rate Agreements; provided that such
agreements (a) are designed solely to protect the Company or its
Restricted Subsidiaries against fluctuations in foreign currency
exchange rates or interest rates and (b) do not increase the
Indebtedness of the obligor outstanding at any time other than as a
result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates or interest
rates or by reason of fees, indemnities and compensation payable
thereunder; and (C) arising from agreements providing for
indemnification, adjustment of purchase price or similar obligations,
or from Guarantees or letters of credit, surety bonds or performance
bonds securing any obligations of the Company or any of its
Restricted Subsidiaries pursuant to such agreements, in any case
Incurred in connection with the disposition of any business, assets
or Restricted Subsidiary (other than Guarantees of Indebtedness
Incurred by any Person acquiring all or any portion of such business,
assets or Restricted Subsidiary for the purpose of financing such
acquisition), in a principal amount not to exceed the gross proceeds
actually received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in
connection with such disposition;
(v) Indebtedness of the Company, to the extent the net proceeds thereof
are promptly (A) used to purchase Notes tendered in an Offer to
Purchase made as a result of a Change in Control or (B) deposited to
defease the Notes as described below under 'Defeasance';
(vi) Guarantees of the Notes, Guarantees by the Company or Restricted
Subsidiaries of Indebtedness of ATA under the Credit Agreement, and
Guarantees of Indebtedness of the Company by any Restricted
Subsidiary provided the Guarantee of such Indebtedness is permitted
by and made in accordance with the 'Limitation on Issuance of
Guarantees by Restricted Subsidiaries' covenant described below;
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(vii) Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary Incurred to
finance the cost of aircraft, engines and buyer-furnished equipment
attached thereto or incorporated therein; provided, that such
Indebtedness is created solely for the purpose of financing the costs
(including transaction costs and the costs of improvement or
construction) of property or assets and is incurred prior to, at the
time of or within 12 months after, the later of the acquisition, the
completion of construction or the commencement of full operation of
such property or assets, and (b) the principal amount of such
Indebtedness does not exceed 100% of such costs; and
(viii) Indebtedness of the Company (in addition to Indebtedness permitted
under clauses (i) through (vii) above) in an aggregate principal
amount outstanding at any time not to exceed $10 million.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this 'Limitation on
Indebtedness' covenant, the maximum amount of Indebtedness that the Company or a
Restricted Subsidiary may Incur pursuant to this 'Limitation on Indebtedness'
covenant shall not be deemed to be exceeded, with respect to any outstanding
Indebtedness due solely to the result of fluctuations in the exchange rates of
currencies.
(c) For purposes of determining any particular amount of Indebtedness under
this 'Limitation on Indebtedness' covenant, (1) Indebtedness Incurred under the
Credit Agreement on or prior to the Closing Date shall be treated as Incurred
pursuant to clause (i) of the second paragraph of this 'Limitation on
Indebtedness' covenant, (2) Guarantees, Liens or obligations with respect to
letters of credit supporting Indebtedness otherwise included in the
determination of such particular amount shall not be included and (3) any Liens
granted pursuant to the equal and ratable provisions referred to in the
'Limitation on Liens' covenant described below shall not be treated as
Indebtedness. For purposes of determining compliance with this 'Limitation on
Indebtedness' covenant, in the event that an item of Indebtedness meets the
criteria of more than one of the types of Indebtedness described in the above
clauses (other than Indebtedness referred to in clause (1) of the preceding
sentence), the Company, in its sole discretion, shall classify such item of
Indebtedness and only be required to include the amount and type of such
Indebtedness in one of such clauses.
Limitation on Restricted Payments
The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to,
directly or indirectly,
(i) declare or pay any dividend or make any distribution on or with
respect to its Capital Stock (other than (x) dividends or
distributions payable solely in shares of its Capital Stock (other
than Disqualified Stock) or in options, warrants or other rights to
acquire shares of such Capital Stock and (y) pro rata dividends or
distributions on Common Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries held by
minority stockholders) held by Persons other than the Company or any
of its Restricted Subsidiaries
(ii) purchase, redeem, retire or otherwise acquire for value any shares of
Capital Stock of (A) the Company or an Unrestricted Subsidiary
(including options, warrants or other rights to acquire such shares of
Capital Stock) held by any Person or (B) a Restricted Subsidiary
(including options, warrants or other rights to acquire such shares of
Capital Stock) held by any Affiliate of the Company (other than a
Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary) or any holder (or any Affiliate of
such holder) of 5% or more of the Capital Stock of the Company,
(iii) make any voluntary or optional principal payment, or voluntary or
optional redemption, repurchase, defeasance, or other acquisition or
retirement for value, of Indebtedness of the Company or any Guarantor
that is subordinated in right of payment to the Notes or to a
Guarantor's Note Guarantee, as the case may be, or
(iv) make any Investment, other than a Permitted Investment, in any Person
(such payments or any other actions described in clauses (i) through
(iv) above being collectively 'Restricted Payments') if, at the time
of, and after giving effect to, the proposed Restricted Payment: (A) a
Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, (B)
the Company could not Incur at least $1.00 of Indebtedness under the
first paragraph of the 'Limitation on Indebtedness' covenant or (C)
the aggregate amount of all Restricted Payments (the amount,
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if other than in cash, to be determined in good faith by the Board of
Directors, whose determination shall be conclusive and evidenced by a
Board Resolution) made after the Closing Date shall exceed the sum of
(1) 50% of the aggregate amount of the Adjusted Consolidated Net
Income (or, if the Adjusted Consolidated Net Income is a loss, minus
100% of the amount of such loss) (determined by excluding income
resulting from transfers of assets by the Company or a Restricted
Subsidiary to an Unrestricted Subsidiary) accrued on a cumulative
basis during the period (taken as one accounting period) beginning on
October 1, 1997 and ending on the last day of the last fiscal quarter
preceding the Transaction Date for which reports have been filed with
the Commission or provided to the Trustee pursuant to the 'Commission
Reports and Reports to Holders' covenant, plus (2) the aggregate Net
Cash Proceeds received by the Company after the Closing Date from the
issuance and sale permitted by the Indenture of its Capital Stock
(other than Disqualified Stock) to a Person who is not a Subsidiary of
the Company, including an issuance or sale permitted by the Indenture
of Indebtedness of the Company for cash subsequent to the Closing Date
upon the conversion of such Indebtedness into Capital Stock (other
than Disqualified Stock) of the Company, or from the issuance to a
Person who is not a Subsidiary of the Company of any options, warrants
or other rights to acquire Capital Stock of the Company (in each case,
exclusive of any Disqualified Stock or any options, warrants or other
rights that are redeemable at the option of the holder, or are
required to be redeemed, prior to the Stated Maturity of the Notes),
plus (3) an amount equal to the net reduction in Investments (other
than reductions in Permitted Investments) in any Person resulting from
payments of interest on Indebtedness, dividends, repayments of loans
or advances, or other transfers of assets, in each case to the Company
or any Restricted Subsidiary or from the Net Cash Proceeds from the
sale of any such Investment (except, in each case, to the extent any
such payment or proceeds are included in the calculation of Adjusted
Consolidated Net Income), or from redesignations of Unrestricted
Subsidiaries as Restricted Subsidiaries (valued in each case as
provided in the definition of 'Investments'), not to exceed, in each
case, the amount of Investments previously made by the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary in such Person or Unrestricted Subsidiary, minus
(4) the sum of the amounts by which the Pro Forma Consolidated Net
Worth after giving effect to each consolidation, merger and sale of
assets effectuated pursuant to clause (4) under the heading
'Consolidation, Merger Conveyance or Transfer on Certain Terms' in the
Indenture was less than the Base Consolidated Net Worth immediately
prior to such consolidation, merger and sale of assets, plus (5) $5
million.
The foregoing provision shall not be violated by reason of:
(i) the payment of any dividend within 60 days after the date of
declaration thereof if, at said date of declaration, such payment
would comply with the foregoing paragraph;
(ii) the redemption, repurchase, defeasance or other acquisition or
retirement for value of Indebtedness that is subordinated in right of
payment to the Notes including premium, if any, and accrued and
unpaid interest, with the proceeds of, or in exchange for,
Indebtedness Incurred under clause (iii) of the second paragraph of
part (a) of the 'Limitation on Indebtedness' covenant;
(iii) the repurchase, redemption or other acquisition of Capital Stock of
the Company or an Unrestricted Subsidiary (or options, warrants or
other rights to acquire such Capital Stock) in exchange for, or out
of the proceeds of a substantially concurrent offering of, shares of
Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company (or
options, warrants or other rights to acquire such Capital Stock);
(iv) the making of any principal payment or the repurchase, redemption,
retirement, defeasance or other acquisition for value of Indebtedness
of the Company or any Guarantor which is subordinated in right of
payment to the Notes or the Note Guarantees, as the case may be, in
exchange for, or out of the proceeds of, a substantially concurrent
offering of, shares of the Capital Stock (other than Disqualified
Stock) of the Company or any Guarantor (or options, warrants or other
rights to acquire such Capital Stock);
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(v) payments or distributions, to dissenting stockholders pursuant to
applicable law, pursuant to or in connection with a consolidation,
merger or transfer of assets that complies with the provisions of the
Indenture applicable to mergers, consolidations and transfers of all
or substantially all of the property and assets of the Company;
(vi) Investments acquired in exchange for Capital Stock (other than
Disqualified Stock) of the Company; provided that, except in the case
of clauses (i) and (iii), no Default or Event of Default shall have
occurred and be continuing or occur as a consequence of the actions or
payments set forth therein; or
(vii) the purchase or redemption of subordinated Indebtedness pursuant to
asset sale or change of control provisions contained in the Indenture
or other governing instrument relating thereto; provided, however,
that (a) no offer or purchase obligation may be triggered in respect
of such Indebtedness unless a corresponding obligation also arises
for the Notes and (b) in all events, no repurchase or redemption of
such Indebtedness may be consummated unless and until the Company
shall have satisfied all repurchase obligations with respect to any
required purchase offer made with respect to the Notes.
Each Restricted Payment permitted pursuant to the preceding paragraph
(other than the Restricted Payment referred to in clause (ii) thereof, an
exchange of Capital Stock for Capital Stock or Indebtedness referred to in
clause (iii) or (iv) thereof and an Investment referred to in clause (vi)
thereof), and the Net Cash Proceeds from any issuance of Capital Stock referred
to in clauses (iii) and (iv), shall be included in calculating whether the
conditions of clause (C) of the first paragraph of this 'Limitation on
Restricted Payments' covenant have been met with respect to any subsequent
Restricted Payments. In the event the proceeds of an issuance of Capital Stock
of the Company are used for the redemption, repurchase or other acquisition of
the Notes, or Indebtedness that is pari passu with the Notes, then the Net Cash
Proceeds of such issuance shall be included in clause (C) of the first paragraph
of this 'Limitation on Restricted Payments' covenant only to the extent such
proceeds are not used for such redemption, repurchase or other acquisition of
Indebtedness.
Limitation on Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Restricted
Subsidiaries
The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to,
create or otherwise cause or suffer to exist or become effective any consensual
encumbrance or restriction of any kind on the ability of any Restricted
Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor to (i) pay dividends or make any other
distributions permitted by applicable law on any Capital Stock of such
Restricted Subsidiary owned by the Company or any other Restricted Subsidiary,
(ii) pay any Indebtedness owed to the Company or any other Restricted
Subsidiary, (iii) make loans or advances to the Company or any other Restricted
Subsidiary or (iv) transfer any of its property or assets to the Company or any
other Restricted Subsidiary.
The foregoing provisions shall not restrict any encumbrances or
restrictions:
(i) existing on the Closing Date in the Credit Agreement, the Indenture or
any other agreements in effect on the Closing Date, and any
extensions, refinancings, renewals or replacements of such agreements;
provided that the encumbrances and restrictions in any such
extensions, refinancings, renewals or replacements are no less
favorable in any material respect to the Holders than those
encumbrances or restrictions that are then in effect and that are
being extended, refinanced, renewed or replaced;
(ii) existing under or by reason of applicable law;
(iii) existing with respect to any Person or the property or assets of such
Person acquired by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, existing
at the time of such acquisition and not incurred in contemplation
thereof, which encumbrances or restrictions are not applicable to any
Person or the property or assets of any Person other than such Person
or the property or assets of such Person so acquired;
(iv) in the case of clause (iv) of the first paragraph of this 'Limitation
on Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Restricted
Subsidiaries' covenant, (A) that restrict in a
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customary manner the subletting, assignment or transfer of any
property or asset that is a lease, license, conveyance or contract or
similar property or asset, (B) existing by virtue of any transfer of,
agreement to transfer, option or right with respect to, or Lien on,
any property or assets of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary not
otherwise prohibited by the Indenture or (C) arising or agreed to in
the ordinary course of business, not relating to any Indebtedness, and
that do not, individually or in the aggregate, detract from the value
of property or assets of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in
any manner material to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary;
(v) with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary and imposed pursuant to an
agreement that has been entered into for the sale or disposition of
all or substantially all of the Capital Stock of, or property and
assets of, such Restricted Subsidiary; or
(vi) contained in the terms of any Indebtedness or any agreement pursuant
to which such Indebtedness was issued if (A) the encumbrance or
restriction applies only in the event of a payment default or a
default with respect to a financial covenant contained in such
Indebtedness or agreement, (B) the encumbrance or restriction is not
materially more disadvantageous to the Holders of the Notes than is
customary in comparable financings (as determined by the Company) and
(C) the Company determines that any such encumbrance or restriction
will not materially affect the Company's ability to make principal or
interest payments on the Notes. Nothing contained in this 'Limitation
on Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Restricted
Subsidiaries' covenant shall prevent the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary from (1) creating, incurring, assuming or suffering to
exist any Liens otherwise permitted in the 'Limitation on Liens'
covenant or (2) restricting the sale or other disposition of property
or assets of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries that
secure Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries.
Limitation on the Issuance and Sale of Capital Stock of Restricted
Subsidiaries
The Company will not sell, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary,
directly or indirectly, to issue or sell, any shares of Capital Stock of a
Restricted Subsidiary (including options, warrants or other rights to purchase
shares of such Capital Stock) except (i) to the Company or a Wholly Owned
Restricted Subsidiary; (ii) issuances of director's qualifying shares or sales
to foreign nationals of shares of Capital Stock of foreign Restricted
Subsidiaries, to the extent required by applicable law; or (iii) if, immediately
after giving effect to such issuance or sale, such Restricted Subsidiary would
no longer constitute a Restricted Subsidiary and any Investment in such Person
remaining after giving effect to such issuance or sale would have been permitted
to be made under the 'Limitation on Restricted Payments' covenant if made on the
date of such issuance or sale.
Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees by Restricted Subsidiaries
The Company will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a
Guarantor, directly or indirectly, to Guarantee any Indebtedness of the Company
which is pari passu with or subordinate in right of payment to the Notes
('Guaranteed Indebtedness'), unless (i) such Restricted Subsidiary
simultaneously executes and delivers a supplemental indenture to the Indenture
providing for a Guarantee (a 'Subsidiary Guarantee') of payment of the Notes by
such Restricted Subsidiary and (ii) such Restricted Subsidiary waives and will
not in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any
rights of reimbursement, indemnity or subrogation or any other rights against
the Company or any other Restricted Subsidiary as a result of any payment by
such Restricted Subsidiary under its Subsidiary Guarantee; provided that this
paragraph shall not be applicable to any Guarantee of any Restricted Subsidiary
that existed at the time such Person became a Restricted Subsidiary and was not
Incurred in connection with, or in contemplation of, such Person becoming a
Restricted Subsidiary. If the Guaranteed Indebtedness is (A) pari passu with the
Notes or the Note Guarantees, then the Guarantee of such Guaranteed Indebtedness
shall be pari passu with, or subordinated to, the Subsidiary Guarantee or (B)
subordinated to the Notes or the Note Guarantees, then the Guarantee of such
Guaranteed Indebtedness shall be subordinated to the Subsidiary Guarantee at
least to the extent
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that the Guaranteed Indebtedness is subordinated to the Notes or the Note
Guarantees, as the case may be.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Subsidiary Guarantee by a Restricted
Subsidiary may provide by its terms that it shall be automatically and
unconditionally released and discharged upon (i) any sale, exchange or transfer,
to any Person not an Affiliate of the Company, of all of the Company's and each
Restricted Subsidiary's Capital Stock in, or all or substantially all the assets
of, such Restricted Subsidiary (which sale, exchange or transfer is not
prohibited by the Indenture) or (ii) the release or discharge of the Guarantee
which resulted in the creation of such Subsidiary Guarantee, except a discharge
or release by or as a result of payment under such Guarantee.
Limitation on Transactions with Shareholders and Affiliates
The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to,
directly or indirectly, enter into, renew or extend any transaction (including,
without limitation, the purchase, sale, lease or exchange of property or assets,
or the rendering of any service) with any holder (or any Affiliate of such
holder) of 5% or more of any class of Capital Stock of the Company or with any
Affiliate of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, except upon fair and
reasonable terms no less favorable to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary
than could be obtained, at the time of such transaction or, if such transaction
is pursuant to a written agreement, at the time of the execution of the
agreement providing therefor, in a comparable arm's-length transaction with a
Person that is not such a holder or an Affiliate.
The foregoing limitation does not limit, and shall not apply to (i)
transactions (A) approved by a majority of the disinterested members of the
Board of Directors, or (B) for which the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary
delivers to the Trustee a written opinion of a nationally recognized investment
banking firm stating that the transaction is fair to the Company or such
Restricted Subsidiary from a financial point of view; (ii) any transaction
solely between the Company and any of its Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries
or solely between Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries; (iii) the payment of
reasonable and customary regular compensation (whether in cash or securities)
and expense reimbursements to directors of the Company who are not employees of
the Company; (iv) any payments or other transactions pursuant to any tax-sharing
agreement between the Company and any other Person with which the Company files
a consolidated tax return or with which the Company is part of a consolidated
group for tax purposes; or (v) any Restricted Payments not prohibited by the
'Limitation on Restricted Payments' covenant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any
transaction or series of related transactions covered by the first paragraph of
this 'Limitation on Transactions with Shareholders and Affiliates' covenant and
not covered by clauses (ii) through (v) of this paragraph, (a) the aggregate
amount of which exceeds $1 million in value, must be approved or determined to
be fair in the manner provided for in clause (i)(A) or (B) above and (b) the
aggregate amount of which exceeds $3 million in value, must be determined to be
fair in the manner provided for in clause (i)(B) above.
Limitation on Liens
The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to,
create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien on any of its assets or
properties of any character, or any shares of Capital Stock or Indebtedness of
any Restricted Subsidiary, without making effective provision for all of the
Notes (or in the case of a Lien on assets or properties of a Guarantor, the Note
Guarantee of such Guarantor) and all other amounts due under the Indenture to be
directly secured equally and ratably with (or, if the obligation or liability to
be secured by such Lien is subordinated in right of payment to the Notes or the
Note Guarantee, prior to) the obligation or liability secured by such Lien.
The foregoing limitation does not apply to (i) Liens existing on the
Closing Date, including Liens securing obligations under the Credit Agreement;
(ii) Liens granted after the Closing Date on any assets or Capital Stock of the
Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries created in favor of the Holders; (iii)
Liens with respect to the assets of a Restricted Subsidiary granted by such
Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary to
secure Indebtedness owing to the Company
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or such other Restricted Subsidiary; (iv) Liens securing Indebtedness which is
Incurred to refinance secured Indebtedness which is permitted to be Incurred
under clause (iii) of the second paragraph of the 'Limitation on Indebtedness'
covenant; provided that such Liens do not extend to or cover any property or
assets of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary other than the property or
assets securing the Indebtedness being refinanced; (v) Liens on any property or
assets of a Restricted Subsidiary securing Indebtedness of such Restricted
Subsidiary permitted under the 'Limitation on Indebtedness' covenant; or (vi)
Permitted Liens.
Limitation on Sale-Leaseback Transactions
The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to,
enter into any sale-leaseback transaction involving any of its assets or
properties whether now owned or hereafter acquired, whereby the Company or a
Restricted Subsidiary sells or transfers such assets or properties and then or
thereafter leases such assets or properties or any part thereof or any other
assets or properties which the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the
case may be, intends to use for substantially the same purpose or purposes as
the assets or properties sold or transferred.
The foregoing restriction does not apply to any sale-leaseback transaction
if (i) the lease is for a period, including renewal rights, of not in excess of
three years; (ii) the lease secures or relates to industrial revenue or
pollution control bonds; (iii) the transaction is solely between the Company and
any Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary or solely between Wholly Owned Restricted
Subsidiaries; or (iv) the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, within 12
months after the sale or transfer of any assets or properties is completed,
applies an amount not less than the net proceeds received from such sale in
accordance with clause (A) or (B) of the first paragraph of the 'Limitation on
Asset Sales' covenant described below.
Limitation on Asset Sales
The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to,
consummate any Asset Sale, unless:
(i) the consideration received by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary
is at least equal to the fair market value of the assets sold or
disposed of and
(ii) at least 75% of the consideration received (including the fair market
value, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, of any
non-cash consideration) consists of (w) cash, (x) Temporary Cash
Investments, (y) marketable securities which are liquidated for cash
within 90 days following the consummation of such Asset Sale, and (z)
the assumption of Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary (other than the Notes and the Note Guarantees); provided,
that (1) such Indebtedness is not subordinate in right of payment to
the Notes and the Note Guarantees and (2) the Company or such
Restricted Subsidiary is irrevocably released and discharged from such
Indebtedness.
In the event and to the extent that the Net Cash Proceeds received by the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries from one or more Asset Sales
occurring on or after the Closing Date in any period of 12 consecutive months
exceed 10% of Adjusted Consolidated Net Tangible Assets (determined as of the
date closest to the commencement of such 12-month period for which a
consolidated balance sheet of the Company and its Subsidiaries has been filed
with the Commission), then the Company shall or shall cause the relevant
Restricted Subsidiary to (i) within twelve months after the date Net Cash
Proceeds so received exceed 10% of Adjusted Consolidated Net Tangible Assets (A)
apply an amount equal to such excess Net Cash Proceeds to permanently repay
unsubordinated Indebtedness of the Company, or any Restricted Subsidiary
providing a Subsidiary Guarantee pursuant to the 'Limitation on Issuances of
Guarantees by Restricted Subsidiaries' covenant described above or Indebtedness
of any other Restricted Subsidiary, in each case owing to a Person other than
the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or (B) invest an equal amount,
or the amount not so applied pursuant to clause (A) (or enter into a definitive
agreement committing to so invest within 12 months after the date of such
agreement), in property or assets (other than current assets) of a nature or
type or that are used in a business (or in a company having property and assets
of
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a nature or type, or engaged in a business) similar or related to the nature or
type of the property and assets of, or the business of, the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries existing on the date of such investment and (ii) apply
(no later than the end of the 12-month period referred to in clause (i)) such
excess Net Cash Proceeds (to the extent not applied pursuant to clause (i)) as
provided in the following paragraph of this 'Limitation on Asset Sales'
covenant. The amount of such excess Net Cash Proceeds required to be applied (or
to be committed to be applied) during such 12-month period as set forth in
clause (i) of the preceding sentence and not applied as so required by the end
of such period shall constitute 'Excess Proceeds.'
If, as of the first day of any calendar month, the aggregate amount of
Excess Proceeds not theretofore subject to an Offer to Purchase pursuant to this
'Limitation on Asset Sales' covenant totals at least $10 million, the Company
must commence, not later than the fifteenth Business Day of such month, and
consummate an Offer to Purchase from the Holders on a pro rata basis an
aggregate principal amount of Notes equal to the Excess Proceeds on such date,
at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes, plus, in
each case, accrued interest (if any) to the Payment Date. In the event that more
than 98% of the outstanding principal amount of the Notes are tendered pursuant
to such Offer to Purchase, the balance of the Notes will be redeemable, at the
Company's option, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time
thereafter, at a Redemption Price equal to the price specified in such Offer to
Purchase plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the Redemption Date
(subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant Regular Record Date
that is on or prior to the Redemption Date to receive interest due on an
Interest Payment Date).
REPURCHASE OF NOTES UPON A CHANGE OF CONTROL
The Company must commence, within 30 days of the occurrence of a Change of
Control, and consummate an Offer to Purchase for all Notes then outstanding, at
a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued
interest (if any) to the Payment Date. In the event that more than 98% of the
outstanding principal amount of the Notes are tendered pursuant to such Offer to
Purchase, the balance of the Notes will be redeemable, at the Company's option,
in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time thereafter, at a
Redemption Price equal to the price specified in such Offer to Purchase plus
accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the Redemption Date (subject to the
right of Holders of record on the relevant Regular Record Date that is on or
prior to the Redemption Date to receive interest due on an Interest Payment
Date).
There can be no assurance that the Company will have sufficient funds
available at the time of any Change of Control to make any debt payment
(including repurchases of Notes) required by the foregoing covenant (as well as
may be contained in other securities of the Company which might be outstanding
at the time). The above covenant requiring the Company to repurchase the Notes
will, unless consents are obtained, require the Company to repay all
indebtedness then outstanding which by its terms would prohibit such Note
repurchase, including in particular the New Credit Facility, either prior to or
concurrently with such Note repurchase. See 'Description of the New Credit
Facility.'
COMMISSION REPORTS AND REPORTS TO HOLDERS
Whether or not the Company or any Guarantor is then required to file
reports with the Commission, the Company and each Guarantor shall file with the
Commission all such reports and other information as they would be required to
file with the Commission by Sections 13(a) or 15(d) under the Exchange Act if
they were subject thereto. The Company shall supply the Trustee and each Holder
or shall supply to the Trustee for forwarding to each such Holder, without cost
to such Holder, copies of such reports and other information.
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
The following events will be defined as 'Events of Default' in the
Indenture:
(a) default in the payment of principal of (or premium, if any, on) any
Note when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon
acceleration, redemption or otherwise;
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(b) default in the payment of interest on any Note when the same becomes
due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 30 days;
(c) default in the performance or breach of the provisions of the Indenture
applicable to mergers, consolidations and transfers of all or
substantially all of the assets of the Company or a Guarantor or the
failure to make or consummate an Offer to Purchase in accordance with
the 'Limitation on Asset Sales' or 'Repurchase of Notes upon a Change
of Control' covenant;
(d) the Company or a Guarantor defaults in the performance of or breaches
any other covenant or agreement of the Company or a Guarantor in the
Indenture or under the Notes (other than a default specified in clause
(a), (b) or (c) above) and such default or breach continues for a
period of 30 consecutive days after written notice by the Trustee or
the Holders of 25% or more in aggregate principal amount of the Notes;
(e) there occurs with respect to any issue or issues of Indebtedness of the
Company, any Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary having an
outstanding principal amount of $10 million or more in the aggregate
for all such issues of all such Persons, whether such Indebtedness now
exists or shall hereafter be created, (I) an event of default that has
caused the holder thereof to declare such Indebtedness to be due and
payable prior to its Stated Maturity and such Indebtedness has not been
discharged in full or such acceleration has not been rescinded or
annulled within 30 days of such acceleration and/or (II) the failure to
make a principal payment at the final (but not any interim) fixed
maturity and such defaulted payment shall not have been made, waived or
extended within 30 days of such payment default;
(f) any final judgment or order (not covered by insurance) for the payment
of money in excess of $10 million in the aggregate for all such final
judgments or orders against all such Persons (treating any deductibles,
self-insurance or retention as not so covered) shall be rendered
against the Company, any Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary and
shall not be paid or discharged, and there shall be any period of 30
consecutive days during which a stay of enforcement of such final
judgment or order, by reason of a pending appeal or otherwise, shall
not be in effect;
(g) a court having jurisdiction in the premises enters a decree or order
for (A) relief in respect of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary
in an involuntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or
other similar law now or hereafter in effect, (B) appointment of a
receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator or
similar official of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary or for
all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Company or
any Significant Subsidiary or (C) the winding up or liquidation of the
affairs of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary and, in each case,
such decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period
of 30 consecutive days;
(h) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary (A) commences a voluntary
case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law
now or hereafter in effect, or consents to the entry of an order for
relief in an involuntary case under any such law, (B) consents to the
appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator,
assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator or similar official of the
Company or any Significant Subsidiary or for all or substantially all
of the property and assets of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary
or (C) effects any general assignment for the benefit of creditors or
(i) any Note Guarantee ceases to be in full force and effect (except
pursuant to its terms) or is declared null and void or any Guarantor
denies that it has any further liability under any Note Guarantee, or
gives notice to such effect.
If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in clause
(g) or (h) above that occurs with respect to the Company or any Guarantor)
occurs and is continuing under the Indenture, the Trustee or the Holders of at
least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes, then outstanding, by
written notice to the Company (and to the Trustee if such notice is given by the
Holders), may, and the Trustee at the request of such Holders shall, declare the
principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest on the Notes to be
immediately due and payable. Upon a declaration of acceleration, such principal
of, premium, if any, and accrued interest shall be immediately due and payable.
In the event of
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a declaration of acceleration because an Event of Default set forth in clause
(e) above has occurred and is continuing, such declaration of acceleration shall
be automatically rescinded and annulled if the event of default triggering such
Event of Default pursuant to clause (e) shall be remedied or cured by the
Company, any Guarantor or the relevant Significant Subsidiary or waived by the
holders of the relevant Indebtedness within 60 days after the declaration of
acceleration with respect thereto. If an Event of Default specified in clause
(g) or (h) above occurs with respect to the Company or any Significant
Subsidiary, the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest on the Notes
then outstanding shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable
without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.
The Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes
by written notice to the Company and to the Trustee, may waive all past defaults
and rescind and annul a declaration of acceleration and its consequences if (i)
all existing Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of the principal of,
premium, if any, and interest on the Notes that have become due solely by such
declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived and (ii) the rescission
would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent
jurisdiction. For information as to the waiver of defaults, see
' -- Modification and Waiver.'
The Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding Notes may direct the time, method and place of conducting any
proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or
power conferred on the Trustee. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any
direction that conflicts with law or the Indenture, that may involve the Trustee
in personal liability, or that the Trustee determines in good faith may be
unduly prejudicial to the rights of Holders of Notes not joining in the giving
of such direction and may take any other action it deems proper that is not
inconsistent with any such direction received from Holders of Notes. A Holder
may not pursue any remedy with respect to the Indenture or the Notes unless:
(i) the Holder gives the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of
Default;
(ii) the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of
outstanding Notes make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the
remedy;
(iii) such Holder or Holders offer the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to
the Trustee against any costs, liability or expense;
(iv) the Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after
receipt of the request and the offer of indemnity; and
(v) during such 60-day period, the Holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding Notes do not give the Trustee a
direction that is inconsistent with the request. However, such
limitations do not apply to the right of any Holder of a Note to
receive payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on,
such Note or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment, on
or after the due date expressed in the Notes, which right shall not be
impaired or affected without the consent of the Holder.
The Indenture will require certain officers of the Company and each
Guarantor to deliver to the Trustee on or before a date not more than 90 days
after the end of each fiscal year, an Officers' Certificate stating whether or
not such officers know of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during
such fiscal year. The Company and each Guarantor will also be obligated to
notify the Trustee of any default or defaults in the performance of any
covenants or agreements under the Indenture.
CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALE OF ASSETS
Neither the Company nor any Guarantor will consolidate with, merge with or
into, or sell, convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or
substantially all of its property and assets (as an entirety or substantially an
entirety in one transaction or a series of related transactions) to, any Person
or permit any Person to merge with or into the Company or any Guarantor unless:
(i) the Company or the Guarantor shall be the continuing Person, or the
Person (if other than the Company or the Guarantor) formed by such
consolidation or into which the Company or the Guarantor is merged or
that acquired or leased such property and assets of the Company or the
Guarantor shall be a corporation organized and validly existing under
the laws of the
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United States of America or any jurisdiction thereof and shall
expressly assume, by a supplemental indenture, executed and delivered
to the Trustee, all of the obligations of the Company or the
Guarantor, as the case may be, on all of the Notes or the Note
Guarantees, as the case may be, and under the Indenture;
(ii) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or
Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing;
(iii) immediately after giving effect to such transaction on a pro forma
basis, the Company or any Guarantor, as the case may be, or any
Person becoming the successor obligor of the Notes or the Note
Guarantees, as the case may be, shall have a Consolidated Net Worth
(a 'Pro Forma Consolidated Net Worth') which is equal to or greater
than the Consolidated Net Worth of the Company or the Guarantor, as
the case may be, immediately prior to such transaction (the 'Base
Consolidated Net Worth'), or if the Pro Forma Consolidated Net Worth
is less than the Base Consolidated Net Worth, the amount by which the
Pro Forma Consolidated Net Worth is less than the Base Consolidated
Net Worth shall, if considered as a Restricted Payment, be permitted
to be paid at the time under the 'Limitation on Restricted Payments'
covenant;
(iv) immediately after giving effect to such transaction on a pro forma
basis the Company or any Guarantor, as the case may be, or any Person
becoming the successor obligor of the Notes or the Note Guarantees,
as the case may be, could Incur at least $1.00 of Indebtedness under
the first paragraph of the 'Limitation on Indebtedness' covenant;
provided that this clause (iv) shall not apply to a consolidation or
merger with or into a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary with a
positive net worth; and provided further that, in connection with any
such merger or consolidation, no consideration (other than Capital
Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) in the surviving Person, the
Company or any Guarantor) shall be issued or distributed to the
stockholders of the Company or the Guarantor; and
(v) the Company delivers to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
(attaching the arithmetic computations to demonstrate compliance with
clauses (iii) and (iv)) and Opinion of Counsel, in each case stating
that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such supplemental
indenture complies with this provision and that all conditions
precedent provided for herein relating to such transaction have been
complied with; provided, however, that clauses (iii) and (iv) above do
not apply if, in the good faith determination of the Board of
Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be evidenced by a
Board Resolution, the principal purpose of such transaction is to
change the state of incorporation of the Company or any Guarantor; and
provided further that any such transaction shall not have as one of
its purposes the evasion of the foregoing limitations.
DEFEASANCE
The Notes will be subject to defeasance on the terms described in the
Prospectus attached hereto.
Defeasance of Certain Covenants and Certain Events of Default. The
Indenture further will provide that the provisions of the Indenture will no
longer be in effect with respect to clauses (iii) and (iv) under 'Consolidation,
Merger and Sale of Assets' and all the covenants described herein under
'Covenants,' clause (c) under 'Events of Default' with respect to such clauses
(iii) and (iv) under 'Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets,' clause (d) with
respect to such other covenants and clauses (e) and (f) under 'Events of
Default' shall be deemed not to be Events of Default upon, among other things,
the deposit with the Trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S. Government
Obligations that through the payment of interest and principal in respect
thereof in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount
sufficient to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest on the
Notes on the Stated Maturity of such payments in accordance with the terms of
the Indenture and the Notes, the satisfaction of the provisions described in
clauses (B)(ii), (C) and (D) of the preceding paragraph and the delivery by the
Company to the Trustee of an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that, among other
things, the Holders will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income
tax purposes as a result of such deposit and defeasance of certain covenants and
Events of Default and will be subject to federal
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income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as
would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred.
Defeasance and Certain Other Events of Default. In the event the Company
exercises its option to omit compliance with certain covenants and provisions of
the Indenture with respect to the Notes as described in the immediately
preceding paragraph and the Notes are declared due and payable because of the
occurrence of an Event of Default that remains applicable, the amount of money
and/or U.S. Government Obligations on deposit with the Trustee will be
sufficient to pay amounts due on the Notes at the time of their Stated Maturity
but may not be sufficient to pay amounts due on the Notes at the time of the
acceleration resulting from such Event of Default. However, the Company will
remain liable for such payments and the Guarantors' Note Guarantees with respect
to such payments will remain in effect.
MODIFICATION AND WAIVER
Modifications and amendments of the Indenture may be made by the Company,
the Guarantors and the Trustee with the consent of the Holders of not less than
a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes; provided,
however, that no such modification or amendment may, without the consent of each
Holder affected thereby, (i) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or
any installment of interest on, any Note, (ii) reduce the principal amount of,
or premium, if any, or interest on, any Note, (iii) change the place or currency
of payment of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any Note, (iv)
impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or
after the Stated Maturity (or, in the case of a redemption, on or after the
Redemption Date) of any Note, (v) reduce the above-stated percentage of
outstanding Notes the consent of whose Holders is necessary to modify or amend
the Indenture, (vi) waive a default in the payment of principal of, premium, if
any, or interest on the Notes, (vii) reduce the percentage or aggregate
principal amount of outstanding Notes the consent of whose Holders is necessary
for waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the Indenture or for waiver
of certain defaults or (viii) release any Guarantor from its Note Guarantee or
otherwise modify the terms of the Note Guarantees in a material respect adverse
to the Holders.
Modifications and amendments of the Indenture may be made by the Company,
the Guarantors and the Trustee without notice to or the consent of any Holder
(i) to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency,
(ii) to comply with the 'Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets'
covenant,
(iii) to comply with any requirements of the Commission in connection with
the qualification of the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act,
(iv) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a
successor Trustee,
(v) to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of
certificated Notes,
(vi) to add one or more Subsidiary Guarantees on the terms required by the
Indenture, or
(vii) to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any
Holder in any material respect.
NO PERSONAL LIABILITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, OR
EMPLOYEES
The Indenture provides that no recourse for the payment of the principal
of, premium, if any, or interest on any of the Notes or for any claim based
thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, and no recourse under or upon any
obligation, covenant or agreement of the Company or the Guarantors in the
Indenture, or in any of the Notes or because of the creation of any Indebtedness
represented thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder,
officer, director, employee or controlling person of the Company or the
Guarantors or of any successor Person thereof. Each Holder, by accepting the
Notes, waives and releases all such liability.
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CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE
The Indenture provides that, except during the continuance of a Default,
the Trustee will not be liable, except for the performance of such duties as are
specifically set forth in such Indenture. If an Event of Default has occurred
and is continuing, the Trustee will use the same degree of care and skill in its
exercise as a prudent person would exercise under the circumstances in the
conduct of such person's own affairs.
The Indenture and provisions of the Trust Indenture Act incorporated by
reference therein contain limitations on the rights of the Trustee, should it
become a creditor of the Company or a Guarantor, to obtain payment of claims in
certain cases or to realize on certain property received by it in respect of any
such claims, as security or otherwise. The Trustee is permitted to engage in
other transactions; provided, however, that if it acquires any conflicting
interest, it must eliminate such conflict or resign.
BOOK-ENTRY; DELIVERY AND FORM
The Depository Trust Company ('DTC') will act as securities depository for
the Notes. The Notes will be issued only as global fully registered securities
(each a 'Global Note') registered in the name of Cede & Co. (DTC's nominee). One
or more fully registered Global Note certificates, representing the total
aggregate number of Notes, will be issued and will be deposited with DTC.
The laws of some jurisdictions require that certain purchasers of
securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. Such laws
may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in the Global Notes as
represented by a global note.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking
Law, a 'banking organization' within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a
member of the Federal Reserve System, a 'clearing Company' within the meaning of
the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a 'clearing agency' registered pursuant
to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC holds securities that
its participants ('Participants') deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the
settlement among Participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and
pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry
changes in Participants' accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical
movement of securities certificates. Direct Participants include securities
brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing companies and certain
other organizations ('Direct Participants'). DTC is owned by a number of its
Direct Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., the American Stock
Exchange, Inc. and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Access
to the DTC system is also available to others, such as securities brokers and
dealers, banks and trust companies that clear transactions through or maintain a
custodial relationship with a Direct Participant either directly or indirectly
('Indirect Participants'). The rules applicable to DTC and its Participants are
on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Purchases of Securities within the DTC system must be made by or through
Direct Participants, which will receive a credit for the Securities on DTC's
records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of each Note
('Beneficial Owner') is in turn to be recorded on the Direct and Indirect
Participants' records. Beneficial Owners will not receive written confirmation
from DTC of their purchases, but Beneficial Owners are expected to receive
written confirmation providing details of the transactions, as well as periodic
statements of their holdings, from the Direct or Indirect Participants through
which the Beneficial Owners hold Notes. Transfers of ownership interests in the
Notes will be accomplished by entries made on the books of Participants acting
on behalf of Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners will not receive certificates
representing their ownership interests in the Notes, except in the event that
use of the book-entry system for the Notes is discontinued.
To facilitate subsequent transfers, all the Notes deposited by Participants
with DTC will be registered in the name of DTC's nominee, Cede & Co. The deposit
of Notes with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. will effect
no change in beneficial ownership. DTC will have no knowledge of the actual
Beneficial Owners of the Notes. DTC's records will reflect only the identity of
the Direct Participants to whose accounts such Notes are credited, which may or
may not be the Beneficial Owners. The Participants will remain responsible for
keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.
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Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to Direct
Participants, by Direct Participants to Indirect Participants and by Direct
Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by
arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements
that may be in effect from time to time.
Redemption notices shall be sent to Cede & Co. If less than all of the
Notes, are being redeemed, DTC's practice is to determine by lot the amount of
the interest of each Direct Participant in such Notes to be redeemed.
Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. will itself consent or vote with respect to the
Notes. Under its usual procedures, DTC will mail an omnibus proxy to the Direct
Participants as soon as possible after the relevant record date. The omnibus
proxy assigns Cede & Co.'s consenting or voting rights to those Direct
Participants to whose accounts the Notes are credited on the record date
(identified in a listing attached to the omnibus proxy). The Company believes
that the arrangement among DTC, Direct and Indirect participants, and Beneficial
Owners will enable the Beneficial Owners to exercise rights equivalent in
substance to the rights that can be directly exercised by a holder of a Note.
Payments of interest on the Notes will be made to DTC. DTC's practice is to
credit Direct Participant's accounts on the relevant payment date in accordance
with their respective holdings shown on DTC's records unless DTC has reason to
believe that it will not receive payments on such payment date. Payments by
Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by standing instructions and
customary practices, as is the case with notes held for the account of customers
in bearer form or registered in 'street name', and such payments will be the
responsibility of such Participants and not of DTC or the Company, subject to
any statutory or regulatory requirement to the contrary that may be in effect
from time to time. Payment of interest to DTC is the responsibility of the
Company, disbursements of such payments to Direct Participants is the
responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of such payments to the Beneficial
Owners is the responsibility of Direct and Indirect Participants.
Except as provided herein, a Beneficial Owner in a Global Note certificate
will not be entitled to receive physical delivery of Securities. Accordingly,
each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of DTC, the Direct
Participants and the Indirect Participants to exercise any rights under the
Notes.
The information in this section concerning DTC and DTC's book-entry system
has been obtained from sources that the Company believes to be reliable, but the
Company takes no responsibility for the accuracy thereof.
Neither the Company nor the Trustee will have any responsibility or
liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account
of beneficial ownership interests in a Global Note or for maintaining,
supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership
interests.
DISCONTINUANCE OF DTC'S SERVICES
A Global Note shall be exchangeable for Notes registered in the names of
persons other than DTC or its nominee or a successor depository or its nominee
only if (i) DTC or such successor depository, as applicable, notifies the
Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a depository for such
Global Note and no successor depository shall have been appointed by the Company
within 90 days after the Company receives notice or becomes aware of such
condition, (ii) DTC or such successor depository, as applicable, at any time,
ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act at which time
DTC or such successor depository, as applicable, is required to be so registered
to act as such depository and no successor depository shall have been appointed,
(ii) the Company, in its sole discretion, determines that such Global Note shall
be so exchangeable or (iv) there shall have occurred an Event of Default with
respect to the Notes. Any Global Note that is exchangeable pursuant to the
preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Notes registered in such names as
DTC or such successor depository, as applicable, shall direct. It is expected
that such instructions will be based upon directions received by DTC from its
Participants or such successor depository from its participants with respect to
ownership of beneficial interests in such Global Note.
S-101
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
UNDERWRITERS
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the Underwriting
Agreement dated the date hereof (the 'Underwriting Agreement'), the underwriters
named below have severally agreed to purchase, and the Company has agreed to
sell to them, severally, the respective principal amount of Notes set forth
opposite the names of such underwriters below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRINCIPAL
NAME AMOUNT
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
<S> <C>
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated............................................. $ 82,937,500
Salomon Smith Barney Inc. .................................................... 18,025,000
CIBC Oppenheimer Corp. ....................................................... 18,025,000
First Chicago Capital Markets, Inc............................................ 6,012,500
------------
Total.................................................................... $125,000,000
------------
------------
</TABLE>
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the obligations of the several
underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the Notes offered hereby are
subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain
other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all the
Notes offered hereby if any are taken.
The underwriters propose to offer part of the Notes directly to the public
at the Price to Public set forth on the cover page hereof and part to certain
dealers at a price which represents a concession not in excess of .250% of the
principal amount of the Notes. Each underwriter may allow, and such dealers may
reallow, a concession to certain other dealers not in excess of .125% of the
principal amount of the Notes. After the initial offering of the Notes, the
offering price and other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the
underwriters.
The Company does not intend to apply for listing of the Notes on any
national securities exchange, but has been advised by the underwriters that they
currently intend to make a market in the Notes, as permitted by applicable laws
and regulations. The underwriters are not obligated, however, to make a market
in the Notes and any such market making may be discontinued at any time without
notice, at their sole discretion. Accordingly, no assurance can be given as to
the liquidity of, or the existence of trading markets for, the Notes.
In order to facilitate the Offering, the underwriters may engage in
transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the
Notes. Specifically, the underwriters may over-allot in connection with the
Offering, creating a short position in the Notes for their own account. In
addition, to cover over-allotments or to stabilize the price of the Notes, the
underwriters may bid for, and purchase, Notes in the open market. Finally, the
underwriting syndicate may reclaim selling concessions allowed to an underwriter
or a dealer for distributing the Notes in the Offering, if the syndicate
repurchases previously distributed Notes in transactions to cover syndicate
short positions, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. Any of these
activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the Notes above
independent market levels. The underwriters are not required to engage in these
activities, and may end any of these activities at any time.
The Company and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other
against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters with respect to the issuance of the Notes in
connection with the Offering are being passed upon for the Company by Cravath,
Swaine & Moore, New York, New York and for the underwriters by Cleary, Gottlieb,
Steen & Hamilton, New York, New York. Cravath, Swaine & Moore and Cleary,
Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton will rely as to matters of Indiana law upon the
opinion of Brian T. Hunt, General Counsel of the Company. The Company is also
being advised on regulatory and aviation matters by Squire, Sanders & Dempsey
L.L.P., Washington, D.C. William P. Rogers, Jr., a partner at Cravath, Swaine &
Moore, is a director of the Company, and beneficially owns 8,000 shares of
Common Stock of the Company and options to purchase 4,000 shares of Common
Stock.
S-102
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<PAGE>
EXPERTS
Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, have audited the Company's
consolidated financial statements at December 31, 1997 and 1996, and for each of
the three years in the period ended December 31, 1997 included in this
Prospectus Supplement and the Registration Statement, as set forth in their
report, which appears elsewhere herein. The consolidated financial statements
are included in reliance on their report, given on their authority as experts in
accounting and auditing.
S-103
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<PAGE>
[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS
$200,000,000
AMTRAN, INC.
DEBT SECURITIES
PREFERRED STOCK
COMMON STOCK
---------------
Amtran, Inc., an Indiana corporation (the 'Company'), may issue from time
to time, together or separately, (i) its debt securities (the 'Debt
Securities'), (ii) shares of preferred stock, without par value, of the Company
(the 'Preferred Stock'), and (iii) shares of common stock, without par value, of
the Company (the 'Common Stock'), in amounts, at prices and on terms to be
determined by market conditions at the time of offering. The Debt Securities may
be fully, unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed (the 'Guarantees') on a
senior, unsecured basis, by American Trans Air, Inc. ('ATA'), Ambassadair Travel
Club, Inc., ATA Vacations, Inc., Amber Travel, Inc., American Trans Air Training
Corporation, American Trans Air ExecuJet, Inc. and Amber Air Freight Corporation
(collectively, the 'Guarantors'). The Debt Securities and the Guarantees, the
Preferred Stock and the Common Stock are referred to herein collectively as the
'Offered Securities'.
The Offered Securities include up to 2,985,000 shares of Common Stock that
may be sold from time to time by certain management shareholders (the 'Selling
Shareholders'), including J. George Mikelsons (the 'Principal Selling
Shareholder'). The Company would not receive any of the proceeds from the sale
of such shares of Common Stock by the Selling Shareholders.
The Offered Securities may be issued in one or more series or issuances and
will be limited to $200,000,000 in aggregate public offering price (or its
equivalent, based on the applicable exchange rate, to the extent Debt Securities
are issued for one or more foreign currencies or currency units). The Offered
Securities may be sold for U.S. dollars, or any foreign currency or currencies
or currency units, and the principal of, any premium on, and any interest on,
the Debt Securities may be payable in U.S. dollars, or any foreign currency or
currencies or currency units.
The Offered Securities may be offered separately or as units with other
Offered Securities, in separate series in amounts, at prices and on terms to be
determined at or prior to the time of sale. The sale of other securities under
the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus forms a part or under a
Registration Statement to which this Prospectus relates will reduce the amount
of Offered Securities which may be sold hereunder.
The specific terms of the Offered Securities in respect of which this
Prospectus is being delivered are set forth in the accompanying Prospectus
Supplement (the 'Prospectus Supplement'), including, where applicable, (i) in
the case of Debt Securities, the specific designation, aggregate principal
amount, authorized denomination, initial offering price, maturity (which may be
fixed or extendible), premium, if any, interest rate (which may be fixed or
floating) or the method of calculating the payment of interest, if any, the
currency in which principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, are payable,
the covenants of the Debt Securities, any redemption or sinking fund terms, any
conversion or exchange provisions, the terms of any Guarantees of such Debt
Securities and other specific terms; (ii) in the case of Preferred Stock, the
designation, number of shares, liquidation preference per share, the dividends,
if any, payable on such series of Preferred Stock, dates on which dividends
shall be payable and any preference such dividends shall bear, any retirement or
sinking fund provisions and any conversion or exchange provisions; (iii) in the
case of Common Stock, the number of shares and the terms of the offering and
sale thereof; and (iv) in the case of all Offered Securities, whether such
Offered Securities will be offered separately or as a unit with other Offered
Securities. The Prospectus Supplement will also contain information, where
applicable, about certain United States Federal income tax considerations
relating to, and any listing on a securities exchange of, the Offered Securities
covered by the Prospectus Supplement.
---------------
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION
PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY
REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
---------------
The Offered Securities will be sold directly, through agents, dealers or
underwriters as designated from time to time, or through a combination of such
methods. If any agents of the Company or any dealers or underwriters are
involved in the sale of the Offered Securities in respect of which this
Prospectus is being delivered, the names of such agents, dealers or underwriters
and any applicable agent's commission, dealer's purchase price or underwriter's
discount will be set forth in or may be calculated from the Prospectus
Supplement. The net proceeds to the Company from such sale will be the purchase
price less such commission in the case of an agent, the purchase price in the
case of a dealer, or the public offering price less such discount in the case of
an underwriter and less, in each case, other attributable issuance expenses. See
'Plan of Distribution.'
This Prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of Offered Securities
unless accompanied by a Prospectus Supplement.
THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS IS AUGUST 27, 1998.
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
CERTAIN PERSONS PARTICIPATING IN THIS OFFERING MAY ENGAGE IN TRANSACTIONS
THAT STABILIZE, MAINTAIN OR OTHERWISE AFFECT THE PRICE OF THE OFFERED
SECURITIES, INCLUDING BY OVER-ALLOTMENT, ENTERING INTO STABILIZING BIDS,
EFFECTING SYNDICATE COVERING TRANSACTIONS OR IMPOSING PENALTY BIDS. FOR A
DESCRIPTION OF THESE ACTIVITIES, SEE 'PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION.'
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Prospectus includes 'forward-looking statements' within the meaning of
various provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 'Securities
Act') and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 'Exchange Act').
Such 'forward-looking statements' can be identified by the use of
forward-looking terminology such as 'believes,' 'expects,' 'may,' 'will,'
'should,' or 'anticipates' or the negative thereof or other variations thereon
or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy. All statements, other
than statements of historical facts, included in this Prospectus which address
activities, events or developments which the Company expects or anticipates will
or may occur in the future, including such things as estimated future net
revenues from airline services (including charter and scheduled service), future
capital expenditures (including the amount and nature thereof), business
strategy and measures to implement strategy, competitive strengths, goals,
expansion and growth of the Company's business and operations, plans, references
to future success, references to intentions as to future matters and other such
matters are forward-looking statements. See, e.g., 'The Company' and 'Risk
Factors'. These statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by
the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends,
current conditions and expected future developments as well as other factors it
believes are appropriate in the circumstances. However, whether actual results
and developments will conform with the Company's expectations and predictions is
subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the risk factors
discussed in this Prospectus; general economic, market or business conditions;
the opportunities (or lack thereof) that may be presented to and pursued by the
Company; competitive actions by other airline carriers; changes in laws or
regulations; and other factors, many of which are beyond the control of the
Company. Consequently, all of the forward-looking statements made in this
Prospectus are qualified by these cautionary statements and there can be no
assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by the Company
will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the
expected consequences or effects on the Company or its business or operations.
See 'Risk Factors' for additional discussion of certain factors that will affect
whether actual future events will conform to the Company's current expectations.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange
Act, and in accordance therewith files periodic reports, proxy statements and
other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
'Commission'). The Company has agreed to file with the Commission the annual
reports and the information, documents and other reports otherwise required
pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act. All such information may be
inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the
Commission at Room 1024, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Judiciary Plaza, Washington,
D.C. 20549 and the website (http://www.sec.gov) maintained by the Commission and
at the regional offices of the Commission located at 7 World Trade Center, 13th
Floor, New York, New York 10048 and Suite 1400, Citicorp Center, 14th Floor, 500
West Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60661. Copies of such material can also
be obtained at prescribed rates by writing to the Commission, Public Reference
Section, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549.
The Common Stock of the Company is traded on Nasdaq and such reports, proxy
statements and other information concerning the Company also can be inspected at
the offices of Nasdaq National Market, 1735 K Street, N.W., Washington D.C.
20006.
This Prospectus constitutes a part of a registration statement on Form S-3
(the 'Registration Statement') filed by the Company with the Commission under
the Securities Act with respect to the Common Stock offered hereby. As permitted
by the rules and regulations of the Commission, this Prospectus does not contain
all of the information contained in the Registration Statement and the
2
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
exhibits and schedules thereto and reference is hereby made to the Registration
Statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto for further information with
respect to the Company and the securities offered hereby. Statements contained
herein concerning the provisions of any documents filed as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement or otherwise filed with the Commission are not
necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such
document so filed. Each such statement is qualified in its entirety by such
reference.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The Company hereby incorporates by reference into this Prospectus the
following documents or information filed with the Commission:
(a) The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1997;
(b) The Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended
March 31, 1998;
(c) The Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended
June 30, 1998;
(d) The Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 18, 1998;
(e) The Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 7, 1998;
(f) The Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 17, 1998; and
(g) The description of the Company's Common Stock, without par value,
set forth in the Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No.
0-21642) filed with the Commission on April 28, 1993.
All documents filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this Prospectus and before the
termination of the offering of the Offered Securities offered hereby shall be
deemed incorporated herein by reference, and such documents shall be deemed to
be a part hereof from the date of filing such documents. Any statement contained
in any documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein
shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for the purpose of this Prospectus
to the extent that a subsequent statement contained herein modifies or
supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall
not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this
Prospectus.
This Prospectus incorporates documents by reference which are not
represented herein or delivered herewith. These documents are available without
charge upon written or oral request from Kenneth K. Wolff, Chief Financial
Officer of the Company, at the Company's principal executive offices located at
7337 West Washington Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46231, telephone number (317)
247-4000.
THE COMPANY
The Company (which term, unless the context otherwise requires, includes
its consolidated subsidiaries) is the eleventh largest passenger airline in the
United States (based on 1997 revenues) and is a leading provider of airline
services in selected market segments. The Company is also the largest commercial
charter airline in the United States and the largest charter provider of
passenger airline services to the U.S. military, in each case based on revenues.
For the year ended December 31, 1997, the revenues of the Company consisted of
47.5% scheduled service, 29.1% commercial charter service and 16.7% military
charter service, with the balance derived from related travel services.
SCHEDULED SERVICE
The Company provides scheduled service through ATA to selected destinations
primarily from its gateways at Chicago-Midway, Indianapolis and Milwaukee and
also provides transpacific services between the western United States and
Hawaii. The Company focuses on routes where it believes it can be a leading
provider of non-stop service and targets leisure and value-oriented business
travelers. In the fourth quarter of 1997, according to the most recently
available Department of Transportation ('DOT') statistics, the Company was the
leading carrier on over 65% of its non-stop scheduled service routes and one of
the top two carriers on over 95% of its non-stop scheduled service routes.
3
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<PAGE>
COMMERCIAL CHARTER SERVICE
The Company is the largest commercial charter airline in the United States
and provides services throughout the world, primarily to U.S., South American
and European tour operators. The Company seeks to maximize the profitability of
these operations by leveraging its leading market position, diverse aircraft
fleet and worldwide operating capability. Management believes its commercial
charter services are a predictable source of revenues and operating profits in
part because its commercial charter contracts require tour operators to assume
capacity, yield and fuel price risk, and also because of the Company's ability
to readily re-deploy assets into favorable markets. The Company's commercial
charter services are marketed and distributed through a network of domestic and
international sales offices with an emphasis primarily on tour operators. The
Company benefits from long-term relationships with many such operators and under
its commercial charter contracts the Company provides repetitive round-trip
flights for specified periods ranging from several weeks to several years.
MILITARY/GOVERNMENT CHARTER SERVICE
The Company has provided passenger airline services to the U.S. military
since 1983 and is currently the largest charter provider of these services.
Management believes that because these operations are generally less seasonal
than leisure travel, they have tended to have a stabilizing impact on the
Company's operating margins. The U.S. government awards one year contracts for
its military charter business and pre-negotiates contract prices for each type
of aircraft that a carrier makes available. The Company believes that its fleet
of aircraft, particularly its Boeing 757-200ERs, is well suited to the needs of
the military for long-range service.
------------------------
The Company is an Indiana corporation which was organized in 1989. The
Company's and each Guarantor's executive offices are located at 7337 West
Washington Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46231, and its telephone number is
(317) 247-4000.
THE GUARANTORS
In connection with an offering of Debt Securities, the Prospectus
Supplement relating thereto will specify whether the Guarantors are providing
Guarantees of the Debt Securities. Each of the Guarantors is a wholly owned
subsidiary of the Company that provides certain airline related services. One of
the Guarantors, ATA, is the Company's principal operating subsidiary and
accounted for 95% of the Company's consolidated revenues in 1997. ATA provides
scheduled service, and charter services throughout the world to independent tour
operators, corporations and the U.S. military.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ENDED
- ----------------------------------------- JUNE 30,
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1998
- ---- ----- ---- ---- ---- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1.19 -- (1) 1.60 1.32 1.24 3.76
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges for the year ended
December 31, 1996 by $40,931,218.
The ratio of earnings to fixed charges has been computed on a total
enterprise basis. Earnings represent income before the cumulative effect of
accounting changes less equity in undistributed earnings of unconsolidated
affiliates, plus income taxes and fixed charges. Fixed charges represent
interest, amortization of debt discount and expense, and the estimated interest
portion of rental charges.
4
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<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
Prospective purchasers of the Offered Securities should consider carefully
the following factors as well as the other information and data included in this
Prospectus before purchasing Offered Securities. The Company cautions the
reader, however, that this list of factors may not be exhaustive and that these
or other factors could have an adverse effect on the price of the Offered
Securities. This Prospectus includes 'forward-looking statements' within the
meaning of various provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. Such
'forward-looking statements' can be identified by the use of forward-looking
terminology such as 'believes,' 'expects,' 'may,' 'will,' 'should,' or
'anticipates' or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable
terminology, or by discussions of strategy. These statements are based on
certain assumptions and analyses made by the Company in light of its experience
and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future
developments as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the
circumstances. However, whether actual results and developments will conform
with the Company's expectations and predictions is subject to a number of risks
and uncertainties, including the risk factors discussed in this Prospectus;
general economic, market or business conditions; the opportunities (or lack
thereof) that may be presented to and pursued by the Company; competitive
actions by other airline carriers; changes in laws or regulations; and other
factors, many of which are beyond the control of the Company. Consequently, all
of the forward-looking statements made in this Prospectus are qualified by these
cautionary statements and there can be no assurance that the actual results or
developments anticipated by the Company will be realized or, even if
substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences or effects
on the Company or its business or operations.
INDUSTRY CONDITIONS AND COMPETITION
The Company's products and services face varying degrees of competition in
diverse markets.
COMPETITION FOR SCHEDULED SERVICES
In scheduled service, the Company competes both against the major U.S.
scheduled service airlines and, from time to time, against smaller regional or
start-up airlines. Competition is generally on the basis of price, frequency,
quality of service and convenience. All of the major U.S. scheduled airlines are
larger and most have greater financial resources than the Company. Where the
Company seeks to expand its service by adding routes or frequency, competing
airlines may respond with intense price competition. In addition, when other
airlines seek to establish a presence in a market, they may engage in
significant price discounting. Because of its size relative to the major
airlines, the Company is less able to absorb losses from these activities than
many of its competitors.
COMPETITION FOR COMMERCIAL CHARTER SERVICES
In the commercial charter market, the Company competes both against the
major U.S. scheduled airlines, as well as against small U.S. charter airlines
including Sun Country and Miami Air. The Company also competes against several
European and Mexican charter and scheduled airlines, many of which are larger
and have substantially greater financial resources than the Company. The
scheduled carriers compete for leisure travel customers with the Company's
commercial charter operations in a variety of ways, including wholesaling
discounted seats on scheduled flights to tour operators, promoting to travel
agents prepackaged tours for sale to retail customers and selling discounted,
excursion airfare-only products to the public. As a result, all charter
airlines, including the Company, generally are required to compete for customers
against the lowest revenue-generating seats of the scheduled airlines. During
periods of dramatic fare cuts by the scheduled airlines, the Company is forced
to respond competitively to these deeply discounted seats.
The Company also competes directly against other charter airlines. In the
United States, these charter airlines are smaller in size than the Company. In
Europe, several charter airlines are at least as large or larger than the
Company. Certain of these charter airlines are affiliates of major scheduled
airlines or tour operators. As a result, in addition to greater access to
financial resources, these charter
5
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<PAGE>
airlines may have greater distribution capabilities, including, in certain
cases, exclusive or preferential relationships with affiliated tour operators.
COMPETITION FOR MILITARY/GOVERNMENT CHARTER SERVICES
The Company competes for military and other government charters with a
variety of larger and smaller U.S. airlines. The allocation of U.S. military air
transportation contracts is based upon the number and type of aircraft a
carrier, alone or through a teaming arrangement, makes available for use to the
military. The formation of competing teaming arrangements that have larger
partners than those in which the Company participates, an increase by other air
carriers in their commitment of aircraft to the military, or the withdrawal of
the Company's current partners, could adversely affect the Company's U.S.
military charter business.
LOW MARGINS AND HIGH FIXED COSTS
The airline industry as a whole and scheduled service in particular are
characterized by low gross profit margins and high fixed costs. The costs of
operating each flight do not vary significantly with the number of passengers
carried and, therefore, a relatively small change in the number of passengers or
in pricing or traffic mix could, in the aggregate, have a significant effect on
operating and financial results. Accordingly, a shortfall from expected revenue
levels could have a significant effect on earnings.
VOLATILITY OF EARNINGS
For the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, the Company had net
income of $8.5 million, a net loss of $26.7 million and net income of $1.6
million, respectively. The substantial net loss in 1996 reflected a number of
factors, including: (i) a significant increase in competition from larger
carriers in the scheduled service markets served by the Company, (ii) the
negative impact on low fare carriers resulting from unfavorable media coverage
of the effects of the ValuJet accident in Florida and, to a lesser extent, the
Company's own decompression incident, (iii) a significant increase in fuel costs
and (iv) a federal excise tax on jet fuel that became effective on October 1,
1995. In response, the Company implemented a significant restructuring of
scheduled service operations in 1996. Although the Company recorded net income
for 1997 and the first six months of 1998, there can be no assurance that such
profitability will continue. Moreover, because of the cyclicality of the airline
industry, the Company expects that its results of operations will continue to be
subject to volatility.
EFFECTS OF SEASONALITY OF BUSINESS ON THE COMPANY
The Company's business is significantly affected by seasonal factors
typically resulting in significant fluctuation in quarterly operating results.
Historically, the Company has experienced reduced demand during the fourth
quarter and, to a lesser extent the second quarter, as demand for leisure
airline services during such periods is lower relative to other times of the
year. In contrast, in 1998, the Company's results for the first two quarters
were significantly stronger than it has experienced in any comparable first two
quarters of any prior year. The Company believes that its results of operations
for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of the Company's annual
results of operations. Moreover, in the case of 1998, the Company does not
believe that the level of profitability achieved in the first six months will be
maintained during the last six months of the year.
SUBSTANTIAL LEVERAGE
At June 30, 1998, on a consolidated basis, the Company had approximately
$176.5 million of indebtedness outstanding, approximately $69.7 million of which
was collateralized. Total shareholders' equity of the Company on a consolidated
basis as of June 30, 1998 was approximately $83.9 million. In addition, the
Company has substantial obligations under operating leases for aircraft. The
debt and lease obligations together represent significant financial leverage,
even in the highly leveraged airline industry.
6
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<PAGE>
The degree to which the Company is leveraged could have important
consequences to holders of Offered Securities, including the following: (i) the
Company's ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working
capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes may be impaired;
(ii) the Company's degree of leverage and related debt service obligations, as
well as its obligations under operating leases for aircraft, may make it more
vulnerable than some of its competitors in a prolonged economic downturn; and
(iii) the Company's financial position may restrict its ability to exploit new
business opportunities and limit its flexibility to respond to changing business
conditions. The Company's competitive position may also be affected by the fact
that it may be more highly leveraged than some of its competitors.
AIRCRAFT FUEL
Because fuel costs are a significant portion of the Company's operating
costs (approximately 20% for both 1996 and 1997), significant changes in fuel
costs would materially affect the Company's operating results. Fuel prices
continue to be impacted by, among other factors, political and economic
influences that the Company cannot control. In the event of a fuel supply
shortage resulting from a disruption of oil imports or other events, higher fuel
prices or the curtailment of scheduled service could result. However, the
Company has been able to reduce certain of the risks associated with a rise in
fuel costs. For each of 1996 and 1997, approximately 50% and 53%, respectively,
of the Company's total operating revenues were derived from contracts which
enabled the Company to pass through increases in fuel costs, including contracts
with the U.S. military. The Company is exposed to increases in fuel costs that
occur within 14 days of flight time, to all increases associated with its
scheduled service (other than bulk seat sales) and to increases affecting
contracts that do not include fuel cost escalation provisions. The Company is
also exposed to the risk that a substantial rise in fuel costs could cause a
reduction in leisure travel and/or the cancellation or renegotiation of
previously-booked commitments from tour operators.
EFFECTIVE CONTROL BY J. GEORGE MIKELSONS
J. George Mikelsons, Chairman of the Board of the Company (who is also the
Principal Selling Shareholder), currently owns approximately 72.6% of the
Company's outstanding Common Stock, and possesses control of the Company. In the
event that Mr. Mikelsons were to sell all or a substantial portion of the
2,000,000 shares of Common Stock (and any shares he may sell pursuant to an
underwriters' over-allotment option) that may be sold by him hereunder, Mr.
Mikelsons would still remain the Company's largest shareholder and would retain
effective control of the Company. Consequently, he would continue to have the
effective ability to elect all of the directors of the Company and to effect or
prevent certain corporate transactions which require majority approval,
including mergers, going-private transactions and other business combinations.
In addition, Mr. Mikelsons has the right to require the Company to register his
remaining shares of Common Stock for sale under the Securities Act.
LIQUIDITY, DEBT SERVICE AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE REQUIREMENTS
Although the Company, like most other airlines, generally operates with a
working capital deficit, it has been able to meet its obligations as they have
become due. At June 30, 1998, the Company's current assets were $177.5 million,
and current liabilities were $181.9 million. In order to meet short-term cash
needs, the Company maintains bank credit facilities. In July 1997, the Company
amended its principal bank credit facility (as amended or modified from time to
time, the 'Credit Facility') to provide a maximum of $50 million of available
credit, subject to compliance with certain collateral requirements.
The airline industry requires significant levels of continuing capital
investment for aircraft engine and airframe maintenance. The Company currently
expects that capital expenditures for these items for 1998 will total
approximately $111 million. Such expenditures will be mainly for scheduled
maintenance on the Company's aircraft. Additionally, the Company expects to
incur capital expenditures in 1998 of approximately $69 million for acquisitions
of additional L-1011-500s and one additional L-1011-100, hushkits for Boeing
727s and renovations of the Chicago-Midway terminal and hangar and the
Indianapolis maintenance and operations center.
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RESTRICTIONS UNDER FINANCING AGREEMENTS AND OPERATING LEASES
The financing agreements relating to the Company's outstanding indebtedness
impose significant operating and financial restrictions on the Company. For
example, the Credit Facility is collateralized by liens on certain Company-owned
Lockheed L-1011 aircraft and engines. In addition, the Credit Facility prohibits
or restricts in many respects the Company's ability to incur additional
indebtedness, create material liens on its assets, sell assets or engage in
mergers or consolidations, redeem or repurchase the 10 1/2% Senior Notes due
2004 (the '10 1/2% Notes'), make certain investments, pay cash dividends or
engage in other significant transactions.
Under certain of such financing agreements and operating leases relating to
aircraft, the Company is required to maintain compliance with certain specified
covenants, restrictions, financial ratios and other financial and operating
tests. The Company's ability to comply with any of the foregoing restrictions
and with loan repayment provisions will depend upon its future performance,
which will be subject to prevailing economic conditions and other factors,
including factors beyond the control of the Company. A failure to comply with
any of these obligations could result in an event of default under one or more
of such financing agreements and operating leases, which could permit
acceleration of the debt under such instrument and acceleration of debt under
the Company's other principal financing agreements and termination of the
Company's aircraft operating leases, some of which contain cross-default or
cross-acceleration provisions.
HOLDING COMPANY STRUCTURE; EFFECTIVE SUBORDINATION OF DEBT SECURITIES
In the event that the Company issues Debt Securities without the benefit of
the Guarantees, prospective investors of Debt Securities should carefully
consider the risks associated with the Company's status as a holding company and
the effective subordination of the Debt Securities resulting therefrom. As a
holding company, the Company derives and will derive all of its operating income
from ATA and the other Guarantors. As the Company's operations are conducted
principally through ATA and also through the other Guarantors, the Company must
rely on dividends and other payments from the Guarantors to provide it with the
funds necessary to meet its obligations, including the payment of principal and
interest on any Debt Securities issued. The Guarantors are separate and distinct
legal entities and will have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any
dividend or to make any other distribution to the Company, or to otherwise pay
amounts due with respect to the Debt Securities or to make funds available for
such payments. The ability of the Guarantors to make such payments will be
subject to, among other things, the availability of sufficient cash, and will be
subject to restrictive covenants in the documents governing the Credit Facility
and future debt agreements. ATA's obligations under the Credit Facility are
secured by certain aircraft and engines.
Claims of creditors of the Guarantors, including the lending banks under
the Credit Facility and trade payables, will have priority as to the assets of
the Guarantors over the claims of the Company and the holders of the Company's
indebtedness, including the Debt Securities, except to the extent that the
Guarantors have provided Guarantees of the Debt Securities. Therefore, the Debt
Securities will be effectively subordinated in right of payment to all existing
and future indebtedness and other liabilities of the Guarantors, including
obligations to the lending banks under the Credit Facility and trade payables.
The Debt Securities will also be effectively subordinated to any secured
indebtedness of the Company because holders of such indebtedness will have
claims that are prior to the claims of the holders of the Debt Securities with
respect to the assets securing such indebtedness except to the extent the Debt
Securities are equally and ratably secured by such assets. The Indenture does
not limit the amount of purchase money indebtedness that may be incurred by the
Company to finance the cost of aircraft or aircraft related assets, and does not
prohibit indebtedness incurred under the Credit Facility. Furthermore, the
Indenture limits, but does not prohibit, the incurrence of certain other secured
and unsecured indebtedness by the Company and the Guarantors.
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EMPLOYEE RELATIONS
The Company's flight attendants are represented by the Association of
Flight Attendants ('AFA') and the cockpit crews are represented by the
International Brotherhood of Teamsters ('IBT'). The current collective
bargaining agreement with the AFA becomes amendable (but does not expire) in
December 1998 and the current collective bargaining agreement with the IBT
becomes amendable (but does not expire) in September 2000. The Company commenced
negotiations with the AFA in the third quarter to amend its existing collective
bargaining agreement, but there can be no assurance that there will not be work
stoppages or other disruptions. The existence of a significant dispute with any
sizable number of its employees could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's operations.
CUSTOMERS
The Company's largest customer during each of 1995, 1996 and 1997 was the
U.S. military, accounting for approximately 10.8%, 11.2% and 16.7% respectively,
of the Company's total operating revenues. In 1996 and 1997, the Company's five
largest non-military customers accounted for approximately 22% and 16%,
respectively, of total operating revenues, and the Company's ten largest
non-military customers accounted for approximately 30% and 21% of total
operating revenues for the same periods. No single non-military customer
accounted for more than 10% of total operating revenues during this period.
The Company is subject to the risk that a customer which has contracted
with the Company will cancel or default on its contract or contracts and the
Company will be unable to obtain other business to cover the resulting loss in
revenues. If the size of the contract or contracts is significant enough, any
such default or cancelation could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
RELIANCE ON TRAVEL AGENTS AND TOUR OPERATORS FOR TICKET SALES
Approximately 71% and 75% of the Company's revenues for the years ended
December 31, 1996 and 1997, respectively, were derived from tickets sold by
travel agents or tour operators. Travel agents and tour operators generally have
a choice between one or more airlines when booking a customer's flight.
Accordingly, any effort by travel agencies or tour operators to favor another
airline or to disfavor the Company could adversely impact the Company. The
Company's relations with travel agencies and tour operators could be affected
by, among other things, override commissions offered by other airlines, by an
increase in the Company's arrangements with other distributors of its tickets or
by the introduction of alternative methods of selling tickets. Although
management intends to continue to offer attractive and competitive products to
travel agencies and tour operators and to maintain favorable relations with
travel agencies and tour operators, there can be no assurance that travel
agencies or tour operators will not disfavor the Company or favor other airlines
in the future.
EFFECT OF GENERAL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
The profitability of the Company's operations is influenced by the
condition of the U.S. and European economies, including fluctuations in currency
exchange rates, that may impact the demand for leisure travel and the Company's
competitive pricing position. The vast majority of the Company's commercial
charter and scheduled airline business is leisure travel. Because leisure travel
is discretionary, the Company has historically tended to experience somewhat
weaker financial results during economic downturns and other events affecting
international leisure travel, such as the Persian Gulf War. Nevertheless, the
Company's performance during these periods has been significantly better than
that of the U.S. airline industry as a whole.
REGULATORY MATTERS
The Company is subject to regulation by the DOT and the Federal Aviation
Administration (the 'FAA') under the provisions of the Federal Aviation Act of
1958, as amended (the 'Federal Aviation Act'), and by certain other governmental
agencies. The DOT regulates principally economic issues affecting air service,
including, among other matters, air carrier certification and fitness,
insurance,
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certain leasing arrangements, allocation of route rights and authorization of
proposed scheduled and commercial and military charter operations, allocation of
landing, departure slots in certain instances, consumer protection and
competitive practices. The FAA primarily regulates flight operations, especially
matters affecting air safety, including, among other matters, airworthiness
requirements for each type of aircraft the Company operates and pilot and crew
certification. The Company believes it is in compliance with all requirements
necessary to maintain in good standing its operating authority granted by the
DOT and its air carrier operating certificate issued by the FAA. A modification,
suspension or revocation of any of the Company's DOT or FAA authorizations or
certificates could have a material adverse effect upon the Company.
In the last several years, the FAA has issued a number of maintenance
directives and other regulations relating to, among other things, collision
avoidance systems, airborne windshear avoidance systems, noise abatement and
increased inspection requirements. The Company expects to continue to incur
expenditures for the purpose of complying with the FAA's noise and aging
aircraft regulations.
The Company holds several Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity
as well as other forms of authority issued by the DOT and an operating
certificate issued by the FAA. Each such authority is subject to continued
compliance with applicable stated rules and regulations pertaining to the
airline industry, including any new rules or regulations that may be adopted in
the future.
The Company is subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Communications
Commission regarding the use of radio facilities. In addition, the Company is
subject to regulation on its international flights by the Commerce Department,
the Customs Service, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and the Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service of the Department of Agriculture. Also,
while its aircraft are in foreign countries on international flights, the
Company must comply with the requirements of similar authorities in such
countries. The Company is also subject to compliance with standards for aircraft
exhaust emissions promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (the 'EPA')
pursuant to the Clean Air Act of 1970, as amended. The Company is also subject
to regulations adopted by the various local authorities which operate the
airports it serves throughout its route network, including but not limited to
aircraft noise regulations and curfews. While the Company intends to maintain
all appropriate government licenses and to comply with all appropriate
standards, there can be no assurance that such licenses can be maintained or
that such standards will not be changed in the future.
Under the Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990 and related FAA
regulations, the Company's aircraft must comply with certain Stage 3 noise
restrictions by certain specified deadlines. These regulations require that the
Company achieve a 75% Stage 3 fleet by December 31, 1998, and will prohibit the
Company from operating any Stage 2 aircraft after December 31, 1999. As of
December 31, 1997, 67% of the Company's fleet met Stage 3 requirements. Although
the Company expects to meet future Stage 3 fleet requirements through Boeing
727-200 hushkit modifications, combined with additional future deliveries of
Stage 3 aircraft, failure to meet the December 31, 1998 deadline could require
the Company to ground one or more Stage 2 aircraft in order to meet the 75%
threshold requirement.
At its aircraft line maintenance facilities, the Company uses materials
which are regulated as hazardous under federal, state and local law. The Company
is required to maintain programs to protect the safety of its employees who use
these materials and to manage and dispose of any waste generated by the use of
these materials in compliance with all such laws. More generally, the Company is
also subject at these facilities to federal, state and local regulations
relating to protection of the environment and to discharge of materials into the
environment. The Company does not expect that the costs associated with ongoing
compliance with any such regulations at these facilities will have a material
adverse effect upon the Company's capital expenditures, earnings or competitive
position.
Additional laws and regulations have been proposed from time to time which
could significantly increase the cost of airline operations by, for instance,
imposing additional requirements or restrictions on operations. Laws and
regulations also have been considered from time to time that would prohibit or
restrict the ownership and/or transfer of airline routes or takeoff and landing
slots. Also, the award of international routes to U.S. carriers (and their
retention) is regulated by treaties and related agreements between the United
States and foreign governments which are amended from time to time. The
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Company cannot predict what laws and regulations will be adopted or what changes
to international air transportation treaties will be effected, if any, or how
they will affect the Company.
BONDING REQUIREMENTS
Under current DOT regulations with respect to commercial charter
transportation originating in the United States, all commercial charter airline
tickets must generally be paid for in cash and all funds received from the sale
of commercial charter seats (and in some cases the costs of land arrangements)
must be placed into escrow by the tour operator or protected by a surety bond
satisfying certain prescribed standards. Currently, the Company provides a
third-party bond which is unlimited in amount in order to satisfy its
obligations under these regulations. Under the terms of its bonding
arrangements, the issuer of the bond has the right to terminate the bond at any
time on 30 days' notice. The Company provides a $2.5 million letter of credit to
secure its potential obligations to the issuer of the bond. If the bond were to
be materially limited or canceled, the Company, like all other U.S. charter
airlines, would be required to escrow funds to comply with the DOT requirements
summarized above. Compliance with such requirements would reduce the Company's
liquidity and require it to fund higher levels of working capital ranging up to
$13.5 million based on 1997's peak pre-paid bookings.
INSURANCE COVERAGE
The Company is subject to potential losses which may be incurred in the
event of an aircraft accident. Any such accident could involve not only repair
or replacement of a damaged aircraft and its consequent temporary or permanent
loss from service, but also potential claims of injured passengers and others.
The Company is required by the DOT to carry liability insurance on each of its
aircraft. The Company currently maintains public liability insurance in the
amount of $1.25 billion. Although the Company currently believes its insurance
coverage is adequate, there can be no assurance that the amount of such coverage
will not be changed or that the Company will not be forced to bear substantial
losses from accidents. Substantial claims resulting from an accident could have
a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of
operations of the Company, and could seriously inhibit passenger acceptance of
the Company's services. The Company's insurance policies also impose certain
geographic restrictions on where the Company may provide airline service.
DIVIDEND POLICY
The Company has not paid any dividend since becoming a public company in
1993 and does not currently anticipate paying cash dividends on its Common
Stock. The Company expects to retain any earnings generated from its operations
for use in the Company's business. Any future determination as to the payment of
dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company
(the 'Board') and will depend upon the Company's operating results, financial
condition and capital requirements, general business conditions and such other
factors as the Board deems relevant. The Company's ability to pay dividends is
also limited by certain other factors, including the ability of its subsidiaries
to pay dividends and make other payments to the Company and the terms of the
Company's various credit facilities and debt instruments. Accordingly, there can
be no assurance that the Company will pay dividends at any time in the future.
Under the most restrictive of the covenants pertaining to the Company's ability
to pay dividends, the maximum amount available for the payment of dividends was
$5.2 million as of June 30, 1998.
POSSIBLE LIMITATION ON NOL CARRYFORWARDS
The Company has approximately $78.6 million of net operating loss
carryforwards and $3.0 million of investment and other tax credit carryforwards
(as of December 31, 1997) which may, depending on the circumstances, be
available to reduce U.S. federal income taxes payable by the Company in the
future. However, if the Company undergoes an 'ownership change' within the
meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
'Code'), the Company's utilization of its net operating loss carryforwards and
investment tax credit carryforwards could be subject to limitation.
In general, an ownership change under Section 382 will occur if, over a
three-year period, certain stockholders who own directly or indirectly 5% or
more of the capital stock of the corporation (including the so-called 'public
group') increase their percentage ownership by more than 50
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percentage points in the aggregate. The effect on the Company of the imposition
of a limitation on the use of its tax attributes in the event of an ownership
change in the future would depend on a number of factors, including the
profitability of the Company and the timing of the sale of certain assets, some
of which factors are beyond the control of the Company. The impact on the
Company of such a limitation could be materially adverse under certain
circumstances. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, such an ownership
change could, in certain circumstances, require the Company to reduce the amount
of its deferred tax benefits, with a resulting charge to earnings.
CERTAIN ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS
Insofar as Mr. Mikelsons who currently possesses control of the Company,
and would continue to retain effective control over the Company in the event he
sold all or a substantial portion of the 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock (and
any shares he may sell pursuant to an underwriters' over-allotment option) that
may be sold by him hereunder, the Company will not be, under most circumstances,
vulnerable to a takeover without the approval of Mr. Mikelsons.
If at any time (the 'Effective Time') Mr. Mikelsons and his Permitted
Transferees (as defined in the Company's Restated Articles of Incorporation (the
'Articles')) shall no longer beneficially own in the aggregate 50% or more of
the combined voting power of the outstanding stock of the Company entitled to
vote generally in the election of directors, certain provisions of the Articles
and By-laws of the Company will become effective that may discourage an
unsolicited takeover of the Company that the Board determines would not be in
the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. These provisions
therefore, could potentially discourage certain attempts to acquire the Company
or to remove incumbent management even if some or a majority of the Company's
shareholders deemed such an attempt to be in their best interests.
The Articles provide, among other things, that following the Effective
Time, the Board will be divided into three classes serving staggered three-year
terms and that directors will only be removable from office for 'cause' (as such
term is used in the Articles) and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of
a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of voting stock,
voting together as a single class. The Articles further provide that, following
the Effective Time, in the case of certain mergers, sales of assets, issuances
of securities, liquidations or dissolutions, or reclassifications or
recapitalizations involving 'interested shareholders' (as such term is used in
the Articles), such transactions must be approved by (i) 80% of the voting power
of the then outstanding voting stock of the Company and (ii) a majority of the
then outstanding voting stock of the Company held by 'disinterested
stockholders' (as such term is used in the Articles), in each case voting
together as a single class, unless, in the case of certain such transactions,
the transaction is approved by the 'disinterested directors' (as such term is
used in the Articles) or unless certain minimum price, form of consideration and
procedural requirements are satisfied as provided by the Articles.
Following the Effective Time, the Articles stipulate that the affirmative
vote of (i) 80% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding shares of
voting stock and (ii) a majority of the combined voting power of the then
outstanding shares of voting stock held by the disinterested stockholders is
required to amend certain provisions of the Articles, including the provisions
referred to above relating to the classification of the Board, removal of
directors and approval of certain mergers, business combinations and other
similar transactions.
The requirement of a supermajority vote to approve certain corporate
transactions and certain amendments to the Articles could enable a minority of
the Company's shareholders to exercise veto powers over such transactions and
amendments. So long as Mr. Mikelsons owns more than 20% of the combined power of
the outstanding voting stock, he will be able to exercise such veto powers.
Pursuant to the By-laws, following the Effective Time, and subject to the
terms of any series of preferred stock or any other securities of the Company,
openings on the Board due to vacancies or newly created directorships may, if
the remaining directors fail to fill any such vacancy, be filled by the
shareholders at the next annual or special meeting called for that purpose. The
By-laws provide that a special meeting may only be called by the majority of the
Board. Following the Effective Time, the By-laws also establish strict notice
procedures, with regard to the nomination of candidates for election as
directors (other than by or at the direction of the Board or a committee
thereof), and with regard to
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other matters to be brought before an annual meeting of stockholders of the
Company. See 'Description of Common Stock -- Certain Provisions of the Restated
Articles of Incorporation and By-laws.'
FRAUDULENT TRANSFER LAWS
Under federal or state fraudulent transfer laws, if a court of competent
jurisdiction were to find, in a lawsuit by an unpaid creditor or a
representative of creditors, a trustee in bankruptcy or a debtor-in-possession,
that the Company issued the Debt Securities with the intent to hinder, delay or
defraud present or future creditors, or received less than a reasonably
equivalent value or fair consideration for any such indebtedness, and at the
time of such incurrence (i) was insolvent, (ii) was rendered insolvent by reason
of such incurrence, (iii) was engaged or about to engage in a business or
transaction for which its remaining assets constituted unreasonably small
capital to carry on its business or (iv) intended to incur, or believed or
reasonably should have believed that it would incur, debts beyond its ability to
pay as such debts matured, such court could avoid the Company's obligations to
the holders of the Debt Securities, subordinate the Company's obligations to the
holders of the Debt Securities to all other indebtedness of the Company or take
other action detrimental to the holders of the Debt Securities. In that event,
there can be no assurance that any repayment of principal and accrued interest
on the Debt Securities could ever be recovered by the holders of the Debt
Securities. In the event that any Debt Securities are guaranteed by the
Guarantors, any such Guarantee may also be subject to challenge under fraudulent
transfer laws and, in any case, will be limited to amounts that any such
Guarantor can guarantee without violating such laws. See 'Description of Debt
Securities -- Guarantees.'
LACK OF PUBLIC MARKET FOR THE DEBT SECURITIES AND THE PREFERRED STOCK
The Debt Securities and the Preferred Stock are, in each case, new issues
of securities with no established trading market and the Company does not intend
to apply for listing of the Debt Securities or the Preferred Stock, as the case
may be, on any securities exchange or automated quotation system. No assurance
can be given as to the development or liquidity of any trading market in the
Debt Securities or the Preferred Stock. If an active market does not develop,
the market price and liquidity of the Debt Securities or the Preferred Stock may
be adversely affected.
YEAR 2000 TECHNOLOGY RISKS
Until recently, many computer programs were written to store only two
digits of year-related date information in order to make the storage and
manipulation of such data more efficient. Programs which use two digit date
fields, however, may not be able to distinguish between such years as 1900 and
2000. In some circumstances this date limitation could result in system failures
or miscalculations, potentially causing disruptions of business processes or
system operations. The Company is currently preparing its software systems and
hardware components for operational compliance with year 2000 standards. The
Company believes, based upon its assessment of year 2000 readiness, that it will
be prepared to mitigate all significant risks of business and operational
disruption arising from non-compliant computer components. The Company's
preparedness is dependent upon the availability to the Company of a wide range
of technical skills from both internal and external sources, and is also
dependent upon the availability of purchased software and hardware components.
The Company cannot be assured that such resources and components can be acquired
in the quantities needed, or by the times needed, to successfully ensure
readiness, in which case it is possible that the Company could suffer serious
disruptions to business processes and operations as a consequence of system
failures attributable to the year 2000 problem. Such disruptions could impair
the Company's ability to operate its flight schedule, and could impose
significant economic penalties on the Company by increasing the cost of
operations through the temporary loss of efficiencies provided by computer
software and hardware.
In addition, the Company cannot be assured that domestic and foreign air
transportation infrastructure, such as airports and air traffic control systems,
will be fully compliant with year 2000 requirements by the end of 1999. A
significant lack of readiness of the air transportation infrastructure to meet
year 2000 standards could result in a material adverse effect on the Company's
results of operations and financial condition by imposing serious limitations on
the Company's ability to operate its flight schedule.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the Company plans
to use the net proceeds, if any, received by it from the sale of the Offered
Securities offered hereby (i) to support aircraft fleet expansion, which over
the next 18 months is expected to consist primarily of the purchase of Lockheed
L-1011-500 aircraft and engines, Boeing 727 aircraft currently leased, and
hushkits for those Boeing 727 aircraft, (ii) for possible future acquisitions of
related businesses, or interests therein, that could enhance the Company's
competitive position, (iii) in the case of Offered Securities consisting of
Common Stock, depending on the availability of advantageous alternative aircraft
financing, to use a portion of such net proceeds to redeem a portion of the
principal amount of the 10 1/2% Notes and (iv) for other general corporate
purposes. Additional information on the use of net proceeds from the sale of the
Offered Securities offered hereby will be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement
relating to such Offered Securities.
The Company will not receive any portion of any net proceeds received by
the Selling Shareholders from the sale of Common Stock hereunder.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following description of the terms of the Debt Securities summarizes
certain general terms and provisions of the Debt Securities to which any
Prospectus Supplement may relate. The particular terms of the Debt Securities
and the extent, if any, to which such general provisions may apply to any series
of Debt Securities will be described in the Prospectus Supplement relating to
such series.
The Debt Securities are to be issued under an Indenture (the 'Indenture')
between the Company and the trustee named in a Prospectus Supplement (the
'Trustee'). The following statements are brief summaries of certain provisions
contained in the Indenture, which summaries do not purport to be complete and
are qualified in their entirety by reference to the Indenture, the form of which
is filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. Wherever any particular
provisions of the Indenture or terms defined therein are referred to, such
provisions and terms are incorporated by reference as a part of the statements
made herein and such statements are qualified in their entirety by such
references. References to particular sections of the Indenture are noted below.
Capitalized terms used herein but not defined herein shall have the meanings
ascribed to them in the Indenture.
GENERAL
The Debt Securities will be issued from time to time and offered on terms
determined by market conditions at the time of sale. The Indenture does not
limit the amount of Debt Securities that can be issued thereunder. (Section
3.01)
The Debt Securities may be issued in one or more series with the same or
various maturities, at par, at a premium or at a discount. Any Debt Securities
bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below
market rates will be sold at a discount (which may be substantial) from their
stated principal amount. Federal income tax consequences and other special
considerations applicable to any such substantially discounted Debt Securities
will be described in the Prospectus Supplement relating thereto.
Reference is made to the Prospectus Supplement for the following terms of
the Debt Securities offered hereby: (i) the designation, aggregate principal
amount and authorized denominations of such Debt Securities; (ii) the percentage
of their principal amount at which such Debt Securities will be issued; (iii)
the date or dates on which the Debt Securities will mature (which may be fixed
or extendible); (iv) the rate or rates (which may be fixed or floating) per
annum at which the Debt Securities will bear interest, if any, or the method of
determining such rate or rates; (v) the date or dates on which any such interest
will be payable, the date or dates on which payment of any such interest will
commence and the Regular Record Dates for such Interest Payment Dates; (vi) the
terms of any mandatory or optional redemption (including any provisions for any
sinking, purchase or other analogous fund) and any purchase at the option of
holders (including whether any such purchase may be paid in cash, Common Stock
or other securities or property); (vii) the currency, currencies or currency
units in which the Debt Securities shall be denominated and the currency,
currencies or
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currency units in which the principal thereof, any premium thereon and any
interest thereon may be payable; (viii) whether such Debt Securities are to be
issued in the form of Global Securities and, if so, the identity of the
Depositary with respect to such Global Securities; (ix) the terms and conditions
upon which conversion or exchange of the Debt Securities into other Debt
Securities, Common Stock or other securities will be effected, including the
conversion price or exchange ratio, the conversion or exchange period and any
other conversion or exchange provisions; (x) the terms of any Guarantees of such
Debt Securities; (xi) information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;
(xii) a discussion of certain Federal income tax, accounting and other special
considerations, procedures and limitations with respect to the Debt Securities;
and (xiii) any other specific terms of the Debt Securities not inconsistent with
the Indenture.
If any of the Debt Securities are sold for one or more foreign currencies
or foreign currency units or if the principal of, premium, if any, or any
interest on any series of Debt Securities is payable in one or more foreign
currencies or foreign currency units, the restrictions, elections, Federal
income tax consequences, specific terms and other information with respect to
such issue of Debt Securities and such currencies or currency units will be set
forth in the Prospectus Supplement relating thereto.
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the principal of,
any premium on, and any interest on the Debt Securities will be payable, and the
Debt Securities will be transferable, at the corporate trust office of the
Trustee in New York, New York, provided that payment of interest, if any, may be
made at the option of the Company by check mailed on or before the payment date,
first class mail, to the address of the person entitled thereto as it appears on
the registry books of the Company or its agent.
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the Debt
Securities will be issued only in fully registered form and in denominations of
$1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. (Section 3.02) No service charge will
be made for any transfer or exchange of any Debt Securities, but the Company
may, except in certain specified cases not involving any transfer, require
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge
payable in connection therewith. (Section 3.05)
GUARANTEES
In connection with an offering of a particular series of Debt Securities,
the Prospectus Supplement relating thereto will specify whether the Guarantors
are providing Guarantees with respect to such series of Debt Securities. In such
event, each of the Guarantors, as primary obligors and not merely as sureties,
will fully, irrevocably and unconditionally guarantee on a senior basis, to each
holder of Debt Securities of such series, and to the Trustee on behalf of the
holders, (i) the due and punctual payment of principal of, premium, if any, on
and interest on the Debt Securities when due and payable, whether by
acceleration, required repurchase, redemption or otherwise, the due and punctual
payment of interest on the overdue principal of and interest, if any, on the
Debt Securities, to the extent lawful, and the due and punctual performance of
all other obligations of the Company to the holders and the Trustee, in
accordance with the terms of the Debt Securities of such series and the
Indenture and (ii) in the case of any extension of time of payment or renewal of
any Debt Security of such series or any of such other obligations, that the same
will be promptly paid in full when due or performed in accordance with the terms
of the extension or renewal, at Stated Maturity, by acceleration, required
repurchase, redemption or otherwise. (Section 13.01) Notwithstanding the
foregoing, no Guarantee shall be enforceable against any Guarantor in an amount
in excess of the net worth of such Guarantor at the time that determination of
such net worth is, under applicable law, relevant to the enforceability of such
Guarantee. Such net worth shall include any claim of such Guarantor against the
Company for reimbursement and any claim against any other Guarantor for
contribution.
Each Guarantee by a Restricted Subsidiary (including the Guarantors) may
provide by its terms that it shall be automatically and unconditionally released
and discharged upon any sale, exchange or transfer (including by way of merger
or consolidation) to any Person that is not an Affiliate of the Company, of all
of the Company's and each Restricted Subsidiary's Capital Stock issued by, or
all or substantially all the assets of, such Restricted Subsidiary (which sale,
exchange or transfer is not prohibited by the Indenture). In addition, if the
Debt Securities of any series are entitled to the benefits of a covenant
requiring the Restricted Subsidiaries to provide a guarantee of such series of
Debt
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Securities under certain circumstances (a 'Restricted Subsidiary Guarantee'),
including without limitation upon the guarantee by such Restricted Subsidiaries
of other indebtedness of the Company which ranks pari passu with or is
subordinate to such series of Debt Securities, then such Restricted Subsidiary
Guarantee shall provide by its terms that it shall be automatically and
unconditionally released and discharged upon the release or discharge of the
guarantee the issuance of which triggered the requirement to provide such
Restricted Subsidiary Guarantee of such series of Debt Securities.
RANKING
Unless otherwise specified in a Prospectus Supplement for a particular
series of Debt Securities, all series of Debt Securities will be senior
indebtedness of the Company and will be direct, unsecured obligations of the
Company, ranking equally and ratably with other unsecured and unsubordinated
debt of the Company. The Guarantees will be senior obligations of the Guarantors
and will be direct, unsecured obligations of the Guarantors, ranking equally and
ratably with other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Guarantors.
GLOBAL SECURITIES
The Debt Securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the
form of one or more Global Securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf
of, a depositary (the 'Depositary') identified in the Prospectus Supplement
relating to such series. Global Securities may be issued only in fully
registered form and in either temporary or permanent form. Unless and until it
is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual Debt Securities represented
thereby, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the
Depositary for such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary or by a
nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such
Depositary or by the Depositary or any nominee of such Depositary to a successor
Depositary or any nominee of such successor.
The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to a series
of Debt Securities will be described in the Prospectus Supplement relating to
such series. The Company anticipates that the following provisions will
generally apply to depositary arrangements.
Upon the issuance of a Global Security, the Depositary for such Global
Security or its nominee will credit, on its book entry registration and transfer
system, the respective principal amounts of the individual Debt Securities
represented by such Global Security to the accounts of persons that have
accounts with such Depositary. Such accounts shall be designated by the dealers,
underwriters or agents with respect to such Debt Securities or by the Company if
such Debt Securities are offered and sold directly by the Company. Ownership of
beneficial interests in a Global Security will be limited to persons that have
accounts with the applicable Depositary ('participants') or persons that may
hold interests through participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in such
Global Security will be shown on, and the transfer of that ownership will be
effected only through, records maintained by the applicable Depositary or its
nominee (with respect to interests of participants) and the records of
participants (with respect to interests of persons other than participants). The
laws of some states require that certain purchasers of securities take physical
delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such limits and such laws may
impair the ability to own, pledge or transfer beneficial interests in a Global
Security.
So long as the Depositary for a Global Security, or its nominee, is the
registered owner of such Global Security, such Depositary or such nominee, as
the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the Debt
Securities represented by such Global Security for all purposes under the
Indenture. Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in a Global
Security will not be entitled to have any of the individual Debt Securities of
the series represented by such Global Security registered in their names, will
not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of any such Debt
Securities of such series in definitive form and will not be considered the
owners or holders thereof under the Indenture governing such Debt Securities.
Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a Global Security must
rely on the procedures of the Depositary for such Global Security and, if such
person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which
such person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the
Indenture. The Company understands that
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under existing industry practices, if the Company requests any action of holders
or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a Global Security desires to give or
take any action which a holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture,
the Depositary for such Global Security would authorize the participants holding
the relevant beneficial interests to give or take such action, and such
participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through such participants
to give or take such action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of
beneficial owners holding through them.
Payments of principal of, any premium on, and any interest on, individual
Debt Securities represented by a Global Security registered in the name of a
Depositary or its nominee will be made to the Depositary or its nominee, as the
case may be, as the registered owner of the Global Security representing such
Debt Securities. Neither the Company, the Trustee for such Debt Securities, any
Paying Agent, nor the Security Registrar for such Debt Securities will have any
responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or
payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of the Global
Security for such Debt Securities or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing
any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
The Company expects that the Depositary for a series of Debt Securities or
its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium or interest in
respect of a permanent Global Security representing any of such Debt Securities,
immediately will credit participants' accounts with payments in amounts
proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the principal amount
of such Global Security for such Debt Securities as shown on the records of such
Depositary or its nominee. The Company also expects that payments by
participants to owners of beneficial interests in such Global Security held
through such participants will be governed by standing instructions and
customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of
customers in bearer form or registered in 'street name'. Such payments will be
the responsibility of such participants.
If the Depositary for a series of Debt Securities is at any time unwilling,
unable or ineligible to continue as depositary and a successor depositary is not
appointed by the Company within 90 days, the Company will issue individual Debt
Securities of such series in exchange for the Global Security representing such
series of Debt Securities. In addition, the Company may at any time and in its
sole discretion, subject to any limitations described in the Prospectus
Supplement relating to such Debt Securities, determine not to have any Debt
Securities of a series represented by one or more Global Securities and, in such
event, will issue individual Debt Securities of such series in exchange for the
Global Security or Securities representing such series of Debt Securities.
Individual Debt Securities of such series so issued will be issued in
denominations, unless otherwise specified by the Company, of $1,000 and integral
multiples thereof. Any Debt Securities issued in definitive form in exchange for
a Global Security will be registered in such name or names as the Depositary
shall instruct the Trustee. It is expected that such instructions will be based
upon directions received by the Depositary from participants with respect to
ownership of beneficial interests in such Global Security.
COVENANTS
The Indenture as supplemented for a particular series of Debt Securities
will contain certain covenants (the 'Covenants') for the benefit of the holders
of such series of Debt Securities, which will be applicable (unless waived or
amended) so long as any of the Debt Securities of such series are outstanding,
unless stated otherwise in the Prospectus Supplement. The specific terms of the
Covenants, and summaries thereof, will be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement
relating to such series of Debt Securities.
EVENTS OF DEFAULT; WAIVER AND NOTICE THEREOF; DEBT SECURITIES IN FOREIGN
CURRENCIES
As to any series of Debt Securities, an Event of Default is defined in the
Indenture as (a) default for 30 days in payment of any interest on the Debt
Securities of such series; (b) default in payment of principal of or any premium
on the Debt Securities of such series at maturity; (c) default in payment of any
sinking or purchase fund or analogous obligation, if any, on the Debt Securities
of such series; (d) default for 90 days after notice to the Company (or the
Guarantors, if applicable) by the Trustee or by holders of 25% in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of such series in the
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performance of any covenant pertaining to the Debt Securities of such series;
and (e) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency and reorganization of the
Company or any Material U.S. Subsidiary thereof. (Section 5.01) Additional
Events of Default with respect to a particular Series of Debt Securities will be
specified in the Prospectus Supplement related thereto.
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement, a default under
other indebtedness of the Company will not be a default under the Indenture and
a default under one series of Debt Securities will not necessarily be a default
under another series.
The Indenture provides that (i) if an Event of Default described in clause
(a), (b), (c) or (d) above (if the Event of Default under clause (d) is with
respect to less than all series of Debt Securities then outstanding) shall have
occurred and be continuing with respect to any series, either the Trustee or the
holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Debt
Securities of such series then outstanding (each such series acting as a
separate class) may declare the principal amount (or, in the case of Original
Issue Discount Securities, the portion thereof specified in the terms thereof)
of all outstanding Debt Securities of such series and the interest accrued
thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately and (ii) if an Event of
Default described in clause (d) or (e) above (if the Event of Default under
clause (d) is with respect to all series of Debt Securities then outstanding)
shall have occurred and be continuing, either the Trustee or the holders of not
less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of all Debt Securities then
outstanding (treated as one class) may declare the principal amount (or, in the
case of Original Issue Discount Securities, the portion thereof specified in the
terms thereof) of all Debt Securities then outstanding and the interest accrued
thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately. (Section 5.02)
Under the Indenture the Trustee must give to the holders of any series of
Debt Securities notice of all uncured and unwaived defaults known to it with
respect to such series within 90 days after such a default occurs; provided
that, except in the case of default in the payment of principal of, any premium
on, or any interest on, any of the Debt Securities of such series, or default in
the payment of any sinking or purchase fund installment or analogous
obligations, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if it in
good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of
the holders of the Debt Securities of such series. The term 'default' for the
purpose of this provision means the happening of any of the Events of Default
specified above, except that any grace period or notice requirement is
eliminated. (Section 6.02)
No holder of any Debt Securities of any series may institute any action
under the Indenture unless (a) such holder shall have previously given the
Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to such
series, (b) the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Debt
Securities of such series then outstanding shall have requested the Trustee to
institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default, (c) such holder or
holders shall have offered the Trustee such reasonable indemnity against the
costs and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request, (d) the
Trustee shall have failed to institute an action for 60 days thereafter and (e)
no inconsistent direction shall have been given to the Trustee during such
60-day period by the holders of a majority in principal amount of Debt
Securities of such series. (Section 5.07)
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the Debt Securities of any
series affected and then outstanding will have the right, subject to certain
limitations, to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power
conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series of Debt Securities.
(Section 5.12) The Indenture provides that, in case an Event of Default shall
occur and be continuing, the Trustee, in exercising its rights and powers under
the Indenture, will be required to use the degree of care of a prudent man in
the conduct of his own affairs. (Section 6.01) The Indenture further provides
that the Trustee shall not be required to expend or risk its own funds or
otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties
under the Indenture if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that
repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is
not reasonably assured to it. (Section 6.01)
The Company and each Guarantor must furnish to the Trustee within 120 days
after the end of each fiscal year a statement signed by one of certain officers
of the Company or the Guarantors, as applicable, to the effect that a review of
the activities of the Company or the Guarantors, as applicable,
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during such year and of its performance under the Indenture and the terms of the
Debt Securities has been made, and, to the best of the knowledge of the
signatories based on such review, the Company or the Guarantors, as applicable,
have complied with all conditions and covenants of the Indenture or, if there
has been a default, specifying such default. (Section 10.04)
In certain cases, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the
outstanding Debt Securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all
Debt Securities of such series waive any past default or Event of Default with
respect to the Debt Securities of such series except, among other things, a
default not theretofore cured in payment of the principal of, any premium on, or
any interest on, any of the Debt Securities of such series. (Section 5.13)
If any Debt Securities are denominated in a coin or currency other than
that of the United States, then for the purposes of determining whether the
holders of the requisite principal amount of Debt Securities have taken any
action as herein described, the principal amount of such Debt Securities shall
be deemed to be that amount of United States dollars that could be obtained for
such principal amount on the basis of the spot rate of exchange into United
States dollars for the currency in which such Debt Securities are denominated
(as evidenced to the Trustee by an Officers' Certificate) as of the date the
taking of such action by the holders of such requisite principal amount is
evidenced to the Trustee as provided in the Indenture. (Section 1.04)
If any Debt Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities, then for the
purposes of determining whether the holders of the requisite principal amount of
Debt Securities have taken any action herein described, the principal amount of
such Debt Securities shall be deemed to be the amount of the principal thereof
that would be due and payable at the date of the taking of such action upon a
declaration of acceleration of maturity thereof. (Section 1.04)
MODIFICATION OF THE INDENTURE
The Company and the Trustee may, without the consent of the holders of the
Debt Securities, enter into indentures supplemental to the Indenture for, among
others, one or more of the following purposes: (i) to evidence the succession of
another Person to the Company, the Guarantors, and the assumption by such
successor of the Company's or the Guarantors' obligations under the Indenture
and the Debt Securities of any series or the Guarantees relating thereto; (ii)
to add to the covenants of the Company or the Guarantors, or surrender any
rights of the Company or the Guarantors, for the benefit of the holders of Debt
Securities of any or all series; (iii) to cure any ambiguity, or correct any
inconsistency in the Indenture; (iv) to evidence and provide for the acceptance
of any successor Trustee with respect to one or more series of Debt Securities
or to facilitate the administration of the trusts thereunder by one or more
trustees in accordance with the Indenture; (v) to establish the form or terms of
any series of Debt Securities; and (vi) to provide any additional Events of
Default. (Section 9.01)
The Indenture contains provisions permitting the Company and the Trustee
thereunder, with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of
the outstanding Debt Securities of all series to be affected voting as a single
class, to execute supplemental indentures adding any provisions to or changing
or eliminating any of the provisions of the Indenture or modifying the rights of
the holders of the Debt Securities of such series to be affected, except that no
such supplemental indenture may, without the consent of the holders of affected
Debt Securities, among other things, (i) change the maturity of any payment of
principal of, or any premium on, or any installment of interest on any Debt
Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the interest or any premium
thereon, or change the method of computing the amount of principal thereof or
interest thereon on any date or change any place of payment where, or the coin
or currency in which, any Debt Security or any premium or interest thereon is
payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such
payment on or after the maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption or
repayment, on or after the redemption date or the repayment date, as the case
may be), or affect adversely the terms of any conversion provisions or (ii)
reduce the percentage in principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of
any series, the consent of whose holders is required for any such supplemental
indenture, or the consent of whose holders is required for any waiver of
compliance with certain provisions of the Indenture or certain defaults
thereunder and their consequences provided for in the Indenture, or (iii) modify
any of the provisions of certain Sections of the Indenture, including the
provisions summarized in this paragraph,
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except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other
provisions of the Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of
the holder of each outstanding Debt Security affected thereby, or (iv) impair or
adversely affect the right of any holder to institute suit for the enforcement
of any payment on, or with respect to, the Debt Securities of any series on or
after the Stated Maturity of such Debt Securities (or in the case of redemption,
on or after the redemption date). (Section 9.02)
DEFEASANCE OF THE INDENTURE AND DEBT SECURITIES
The Indenture will provide that the Company and, if applicable, each
Guarantor that guaranteed Debt Securities, will be deemed to have paid and will
be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of a particular series of
Debt Securities and the related Guarantees on the 123rd day after the deposit
referred to below, and the provisions of the Indenture with respect to such
series will no longer be in effect with respect to the Debt Securities of such
series and the Guarantees (except for, among other matters, certain obligations
to register the transfer or exchange of the Debt Securities, to replace stolen,
lost or mutilated Debt Securities, to maintain paying agencies and to hold
monies for payment in trust) if, among other things, (A) the Company or the
Guarantors have deposited with the Trustee, in trust, money and/or U.S.
Government Obligations that through the payment of interest and principal in
respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount
sufficient to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest on the
Debt Securities on the Stated Maturity of such payments in accordance with the
terms of the Indenture and the Debt Securities, (B) the Company has delivered to
the Trustee (i) either (x) an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that holders will
not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result
of the Company's exercise of its option under this 'Defeasance' provision and
will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner
and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance
and discharge had not occurred, which Opinion of Counsel must be based upon (and
accompanied by a copy of) a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service to the same
effect unless there has been a change in applicable federal income tax law after
the Closing Date such that a ruling is no longer required or (y) a ruling
directed to the Trustee received from the Internal Revenue Service to the same
effect as the aforementioned Opinion of Counsel and (ii) an Opinion of Counsel
to the effect that the creation of the defeasance trust does not violate the
Investment Company Act of 1940, (C) immediately after giving effect to such
deposit on a pro forma basis, no Event of Default, or event that after the
giving of notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default,
shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the
period ending on the 123rd day after the date of such deposit, and such deposit
shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any
other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is
a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound, (D) if at
such time the Debt Securities are listed on a national securities exchange, the
Company has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that
the Debt Securities will not be delisted as a result of such deposit, defeasance
and discharge, and (E) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer's
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, in each case stating that all conditions
precedent referred to above relating to defeasance have been complied with.
The Indenture will further provide that the provisions of certain covenants
of, and Events of Default under, the Indenture will no longer be in effect with
respect to a particular series of Debt Securities upon, among other things, the
deposit with the Trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S. Government Obligations
that through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in
accordance with the their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to
pay the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest on the Debt
Securities of such series on the Stated Maturity of such payments in accordance
with the terms of the Indenture and the Debt Securities of such series, the
satisfaction of the provisions described in clauses (B)(ii), (C) and (D) of the
preceding paragraph and the delivery by the Company to the Trustee of an Opinion
of Counsel to the effect that, among other things, the holders will not
recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of
such deposit and defeasance of certain covenants and Events of Default and will
be subject to federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and
at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had
not occurred. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the
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conditions set forth in the foregoing clause (C) need not be satisfied with
respect to any series so long as, at the time the Company or Guarantors make the
deposit described in the foregoing sentence, (i) no Default or Event of Default
referred to in clauses (a), (b) or (e) above under ' -- Events of Default;
Waiver and Notice Thereof; Debt Securities in Foreign Currencies' has occurred
and is continuing with respect to such series on the date of such deposit and
after giving effect thereto and (ii) either (x) a notice of redemption has been
mailed providing for redemption of all the Debt Securities of such series not
later than 60 days after such mailing and the notice provisions under the
Indenture with respect to such redemption shall have been complied with or (y)
the Stated Maturity of the Debt Securities of such series will occur within 60
days. If the conditions in the preceding sentence are satisfied, the Company or
Guarantors, as the case may be, shall be deemed to have exercised their covenant
defeasance option with respect to such series.
In the event the Company exercises its option to omit compliance with
certain covenants and provisions of the Indenture with respect to the Debt
Securities of a particular series as described in the immediately preceding
paragraph and the Debt Securities of such series are declared due and payable
because of the occurrence of an Event of Default that remains applicable, the
amount of money and/or U.S. Government Obligations on deposit with the Trustee
will be sufficient to pay amounts due on the Debt Securities of such series at
the time of their Stated Maturity but may not be sufficient to pay amounts due
on the Debt Securities of such series at the time of the acceleration resulting
from such Event of Default. However, the Company will remain liable for such
payments and if the Debt Securities are guaranteed, the Guarantors' Guarantees
with respect to such payments will remain in effect.
GOVERNING LAW
The Indenture will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the
laws of the State of New York.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK
The following is a description of certain general terms and provisions of
the Preferred Stock. The particular terms of any series of Preferred Stock will
be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. If so indicated in a
Prospectus Supplement, the terms of any such series may differ from the terms
set forth below.
The summary of terms of the Company's Preferred Stock contained in this
Prospectus does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in
its entirety by, the provisions of the Company's Articles, and the articles of
amendment relating to each series of the Preferred Stock (the 'Articles of
Amendment') which will be filed as an exhibit to or incorporated by reference in
the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part at or prior to the
time of issuance of such series of the Preferred Stock.
The Company's Articles authorize the Board to issue 10 million shares of
Preferred Stock in one or more series and to fix the designations, powers,
preferences and rights of the shares of each such series, and any
qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereon. Because the Board has the
power to establish the preferences and rights of the shares of any such series
of Preferred Stock, it may afford holders of any Preferred Stock preferences,
powers and rights (including voting rights) senior to the rights of the holders
of Common Stock, which would adversely affect the rights of holders of Common
Stock. No shares of Preferred Stock are currently outstanding, and no shares are
reserved for issuance.
Preferred Stock of a particular series shall have the dividend,
liquidation, redemption, conversion and voting rights set forth in the
Prospectus Supplement relating to such series. Reference is made to the
Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular series of Preferred Stock for
specific terms, including: (i) the designation and the number of shares
constituting such series and the stated value thereof if different from the par
value; (ii) whether such series of Preferred Stock will have voting rights, in
addition to any voting rights provided by law, and if so, the terms of such
voting rights; (iii) the dividends, if any, payable on such series, whether any
such dividends will be cumulative and if so from what dates, the conditions and
dates upon which such dividends are payable, and any preference that
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such dividends shall bear; (iv) whether such series shall be subject to
redemption; (v) the amount or amounts payable upon the shares of such series,
and the rights of the holders of such series, in the event of voluntary or
involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or upon any distribution of
the assets, of the Company; (vi) whether such series shall be subject to the
operation of a retirement or sinking fund; (vii) any terms for the conversion
into or exchange for shares of stock of any other class, or any other series of
Preferred Stock, or any other securities (whether or not issued by the Company)
or other property; (viii) the limitations and restrictions, if any, upon the
payment of dividends or the making of other distributions on, and upon the
purchase, redemption or other acquisition by the Company of Common Stock, or
shares of stock of any other class or any other series of Preferred Stock; (ix)
the conditions or restrictions on the creation of indebtedness by the Company or
upon the issuance of any additional stock; and (x) any other powers, preferences
and other special rights, and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions
thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
The following is a description of certain general terms and provisions of
the Common Stock. The summary of terms of the Company's Common Stock contained
in this Prospectus does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and
qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the Company's Articles. The
Company's Articles authorize the Board to issue 30 million shares of Common
Stock. As of June 30, 1998, there were outstanding 11,684,492 shares of Common
Stock.
Holders of shares of Common Stock have no preemptive or other rights to
subscribe for additional shares of voting securities of the Company. Subject to
the preferential rights, if any, of any outstanding Preferred Stock, upon the
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, the assets
legally available for distribution to shareholders would be distributable among
the holders of the shares of Common Stock at the time outstanding. The Common
Stock will not be subject to redemption or call except as provided in the
Indiana Control Share Act (as defined herein), which does not currently apply to
the Company, and to the extent necessary to prevent the loss of any governmental
license and to comply with any governmental regulations. Shares of Common Stock
issued pursuant to any offering made hereunder will be fully paid and
nonassessable shares of capital stock of the Company. No holder of Common Stock
will have any liability for further calls or assessments respecting such shares.
Shareholders of the Company do not have cumulative voting rights.
National City Bank, N.A. acts as transfer agent and registrar for the
Common Stock.
DIVIDENDS
Subject to the preferential rights of any Preferred Stock, holders of
Common Stock are entitled to receive any dividends, including stock dividends,
if any, in such amounts and at such rates as may be declared by the Board out of
funds legally available therefor.
CONTROL
Mr. Mikelsons currently owns approximately 72.6% of the Company's
outstanding Common Stock, and possesses control of the Company. In the event
that Mr. Mikelsons were to sell all or a substantial portion of the 2,000,000
shares of Common Stock (and any shares he may sell pursuant to an underwriters'
over-allotment option) that may be sold by him hereunder, Mr. Mikelsons would
still remain the Company's largest shareholder and would retain effective
control of the Company. Accordingly, Mr. Mikelsons currently is able to, and if
his ownership decreased to below 50% of the outstanding Common Stock upon such
sales would continue to be able to, exert great influence on (i) the election of
all the Company's directors, (ii) any amendment of the Articles or effectuation
of a merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transaction, (iii) any
nonnegotiated takeover attempt, (iv) determining the amount and timing of
dividends paid to himself and other holders of Common Stock and (v) the
management and operations of the Company and the outcome of all matters
submitted for a shareholder vote. In addition, there are various measures
included in the Articles which may make nonnegotiated takeover attempts of the
Company more difficult and expensive.
22
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<PAGE>
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF INDIANA LAW
The Company's By-laws provide that the Company is not subject to the
Indiana Control Share Act. Such By-laws may be amended by the Board without a
shareholder vote.
Indiana Code 'SS' 23-1-43 (the 'Business Combination Act') prohibits a
person who acquires beneficial ownership of 10% or more of certain corporations'
shares (an 'Interested Shareholder'), or any affiliate or associate of an
Interested Shareholder, from effecting a merger or other business combination
with the corporation for a period of five years from the date on which the
person became an Interested Shareholder, unless the transaction in which the
person became an Interested Shareholder was approved in advance by the
corporation's board of directors. Following the five-year period, a merger or
other business combination may be effected with an Interested Shareholder only
if (i) the business combination is approved by the corporation's shareholders,
excluding the Interested Shareholder and any of its affiliates or associates, or
(ii) the consideration to be received by shareholders in the business
combination is at least equal to the highest price paid by the Interested
Shareholder in acquiring its interest in the corporation, with certain
adjustments, and certain other requirements are met. The Business Combination
Act broadly defines the term 'business combination' to include mergers, sales or
leases of assets, transfers of shares of the corporation, proposals for
liquidation and the receipt by an Interested Shareholder of any financial
assistance or tax advantage from the corporation, except proportionately as a
shareholder of the corporation. The Business Combination Act does not apply to
any business combination with Mr. Mikelsons, who acquired his Common Stock prior
to January 7, 1986.
Indiana Code 'SS' 23-1-42 (the 'Control Share Act'), which does not
currently apply to the Company, provides that any person or group of persons
that acquires the power to vote more than one-fifth of certain corporations'
shares shall not have the right to vote such shares unless granted voting rights
by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the corporation and by
the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares excluding 'interested
shares.' Interested shares are those shares held by the acquiring person,
officers of the corporation and employees of the corporation who are also
directors of the corporation. If the approval of voting power for the shares is
obtained, additional shareholder approvals are required when a shareholder
acquires the power to vote more than one-third and more than a majority of the
voting power of the corporation's shares. In the absence of such approval, the
additional shares acquired by the shareholder may not be voted.
The Control Share Act also provides that if the shareholders grant voting
rights to the shares after a shareholder has acquired more than a majority of
the voting power, all shareholders of the corporation are entitled to exercise
statutory dissenters' rights and to demand the value of the shares in cash from
the corporation. If voting rights are not accorded to the shares, the
corporation may have the right to redeem them. The provisions of the Control
Share Act do not apply to acquisitions of voting power pursuant to a merger or
share exchange agreement to which the corporation is a party.
The overall effect of the above provisions may be to render more difficult
or to discourage a merger, a tender offer, a proxy contest, the assumption of
control of the Company by a holder of a large block of the Company's stock or
other person, or the removal of incumbent management, even if such actions may
be beneficial to the Company's shareholders generally.
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS
CERTAIN ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS
Insofar as Mr. Mikelsons who currently possesses control of the Company,
and would continue to retain effective control over the Company in the event he
sold all or a substantial portion of the 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock (and
any shares he may sell pursuant to an underwritiers' over-allotment option) that
may be sold by him hereunder, the Company will not be under most circumstances
vulnerable to a takeover without the approval of Mr. Mikelsons.
Following the Effective Time, certain provisions of the Articles and
By-laws of the Company will become effective that may discourage an unsolicited
takeover of the Company that the Board determines would not be in the best
interests of the Company and its shareholders. These provisions therefore, could
potentially discourage certain attempts to acquire the Company or to remove
23
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
incumbent management even if some or a majority of the Company's shareholders
deemed such an attempt to be in their best interests.
The Articles provide, among other things, that, following the Effective
Time, the Board will be divided into three classes serving staggered three-year
terms and that directors will only be removable from office for 'cause' (as such
term is used in the Articles) and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of
a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of voting stock,
voting together as a single class. The Articles further provide that following
the Effective Time, in the case of certain mergers, sales of assets, issuances
of securities, liquidations or dissolutions, or reclassifications or
recapitalizations involving 'interested shareholders' (as such term is used in
the Articles), such transactions must be approved by (i) 80% of the voting power
of the then outstanding voting stock of the Company and (ii) a majority of the
then outstanding voting stock of the Company held by 'disinterested
stockholders' (as such term is used in the Articles), in each case voting
together as a single class, unless, in the case of certain such transactions,
the transaction is approved by the 'disinterested directors' (as such term is
used in the Articles) or unless certain minimum price, form of consideration and
procedural requirements are satisfied as provided by the Articles.
Following the Effective Time, the Articles stipulate that the affirmative
vote of (i) 80% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding shares of
voting stock and (ii) a majority of the combined voting power of the then
outstanding shares of voting stock held by the disinterested stockholders is
required to amend certain provisions of the Articles, including the provisions
referred to above relating to the classification of the Board, removal of
directors and approval of certain mergers, business combinations and other
similar transactions.
The requirement of a supermajority vote to approve certain corporate
transactions and certain amendments to the Articles could enable a minority of
the Company's shareholders to exercise veto powers over such transactions and
amendments. So long as Mr. Mikelsons owns more than 20% of the combined power of
the outstanding voting stock, he will be able to exercise such veto powers.
Pursuant to the By-laws, following the Effective Time, and subject to the
terms of any series of preferred stock or any other securities of the Company,
openings on the Board due to vacancies or newly created directorships may, if
the remaining directors fail to fill any such vacancy, be filled by the
shareholders at the next annual or special meeting called for that purpose. The
By-laws provide that a special meeting may only be called by the majority of the
Board. Following the Effective Time, the By-laws also establish strict notice
procedures, with regard to the nomination of candidates for election as
directors (other than by or at the direction of the Board or a committee
thereof), and with regard to other matters to be brought before an annual
meeting of stockholders of the Company.
DIRECTORS' LIABILITY
The Articles provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by the Indiana
Business Corporation Law, a director of the Company is not liable for any action
taken as a director, or any failure to take any action, unless the director has
breached or failed to perform his or her duties in compliance with such law and
such breach or failure to perform constitutes willful misconduct or
recklessness. This provision is effective at all times, both before and after
the commencement of the Effective Time (as defined in the Articles).
Under the Indiana Business Corporation Law, directors are required to
discharge their duties; (i) in good faith; (ii) with the care an ordinarily
prudent person in a like position would exercise under similar circumstances;
and (iii) in a manner the directors reasonably believe to be in the best
interests of the corporation. However, the Indiana Business Corporation Law
exonerates directors from liability for breach of these standards of conduct
unless the breach constitutes willful misconduct or recklessness. This
exoneration from liability may not affect the availability of equitable relief,
including injunctions. Furthermore, the exoneration from liability under Indiana
law does not affect the liability of directors for violations of the federal
securities laws.
24
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth, as of June 30, 1998, the number of
outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company owned by the Selling
Shareholders. The table also sets forth the number of shares that may be offered
by the Selling Shareholders (not including up to 585,000 shares that may be sold
hereunder pursuant to an underwriters' over-allotment option), as well as the
number of shares that would be beneficially owned by the Selling Shareholders
after any sale of all such shares by the Selling Shareholders:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES BENEFICIALLY SHARES BENEFICIALLY
OWNED OWNED
PRIOR TO OFFERING NUMBER OF AFTER OFFERING(1)
-------------------- SHARES --------------------
NAME OF INDIVIDUAL/GROUP NUMBER PERCENT OFFERED NUMBER PERCENT
- -------------------------------------------------------- --------- ------- --------- --------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
J. George Mikelsons..................................... 8,477,500 72.6 2,000,000 6,477,500 48.4
David L. Aschenbach(2).................................. 48,111 --(16) 14,000 34,111 --(16)
William D. Beal(3)...................................... 15,667 --(16) 15,000 667 --(16)
R. Wesley Blair(4)...................................... 41,808 --(16) 15,000 26,808 --(16)
Stanley J. Hula(5)...................................... 33,604 --(16) 8,000 25,604 --(16)
Brian T. Hunt(6)........................................ 34,768 --(16) 15,000 19,768 --(16)
Rick D. Larsen(7)....................................... 36,138 --(16) 15,000 21,138 --(16)
Jacqueline G. LaVista(8)................................ 31,977 --(16) 15,000 16,977 --(16)
Randy E. Marlar(9)...................................... 55,436 --(16) 15,000 40,436 --(16)
Richard W. Meyer, Jr.(10)............................... 48,458 --(16) 15,000 33,458 --(16)
Robert M. Perry(11)..................................... 17,106 --(16) 14,000 3,106 --(16)
Dalen D. Thomas(12)..................................... 300,014 2.5 15,000 285,014 2.1
David M. Wing(13)....................................... 31,893 --(16) 15,000 16,893 --(16)
Kenneth K. Wolff(14).................................... 136,620 1.2 14,000 122,620 --(16)
Ed S. Wright(15)........................................ 38,402 --(16) 15,000 23,402 --(16)
Other officers(17)...................................... --(18) --(18) 200,000 --(18) --(18)
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Assumes a concurrent primary offering by the Company of 1,500,000 shares of
Common Stock, without giving effect to any underwriters' over-allotment
option.
(2) Includes 43,267 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Aschenbach has been the Vice
President -- Purchasing and Airport Services of the Company since prior to
June 1995.
(3) Includes 15,667 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Beal has been the Vice
President -- Flight Operations of the Company since May 1997.
(4) Includes 41,800 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Blair has been the Vice
President -- Strategic Planning of the Company since August 1996.
(5) Includes 30,500 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Hula has been the Vice
President -- Planning of the Company since prior to June 1995.
(6) Includes 34,417 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Hunt has been the Vice
President and General Counsel of the Company since prior to June 1995.
(7) Includes 33,667 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Larsen has been the Vice
President -- Marketing of the Company since prior to June 1995.
(8) Includes 29,167 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Ms. La Vista has been the Vice
President -- Customer Service of the Company since prior to June 1995.
(9) Includes 51,100 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Marlar has been the Vice
President -- Maintenance & Engineering of the Company since prior to June
1995.
(10) Includes 47,100 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Meyer has been the Vice
President -- Human Resources of the Company since prior to June 1995.
(11) Includes 17,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Perry has been the Vice
President -- Sales of the Company since June 1996, and Director -- Sales of
the Company since prior to June 1995.
(12) Includes 300,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Thomas has been the Senior
Vice President -- Sales and Marketing of the Company since August 1996.
(footnotes continued on next page)
25
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(footnotes continued from previous page)
(13) Includes 29,167 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Wing has been the Vice
President & Controller of the Company since prior to June 1995.
(14) Includes 120,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998, or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Wolff has been the Executive
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company since prior to
June 1995.
(15) Includes 35,417 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options which are exercisable at June 30, 1998 or which will become
exercisable within 60 days of such date. Mr. Wright has been the Vice
President -- Information Services of the Company since prior to June 1995.
(16) Represents less than 1% of the outstanding stock of the Company.
(17) Includes up to 200,000 shares of Common Stock that may be sold by other
officers or by the officers already listed in this table, subject to an
individual limit of 25,000 shares for each such officer. Such officers will
be named in the Prospectus Supplement related to the sale of such shares of
Common Stock.
(18) Presently not possible to estimate. Such percentages will be specified in
the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
26
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<PAGE>
CERTAIN RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Mr. Mikelsons is the sole owner of Betaco, Inc., a Delaware corporation
('Betaco'). Betaco currently owns two airplanes (a Cessna Citation II and a Lear
Jet) and three helicopters (a Bell 206B Jet Ranger III, an Aerospatiale 355F2
Twin Star and a Bell 206L-3 LongRanger). The two airplanes and the Twin Star and
LongRanger helicopters, are leased to ATA. The Company believes that the current
terms of the leases with Betaco for this equipment are no less favorable to the
Company than those that could be obtained from third parties.
The lease for the Cessna Citation currently requires a monthly payment of
$37,500. The lease for the Lear Jet requires a monthly payment of $42,000. The
lease for the JetRanger III currently requires a monthly payment of $7,000. The
lease for the Aerospatiale 355F2 Twin Star requires a monthly lease payment of
$12,000 and the lease for the LongRanger requires a monthly payment of $11,200.
William P. Rogers, Jr., Chairman of the Audit Committee, is a partner in
the law firm of Cravath, Swaine & Moore, which provides legal services to the
Company. Robert A. Abel, Chairman of the Compensation Committee, is a partner in
the accounting firm of Blue & Co., LLC, which provides tax and accounting
services to the Company.
Pursuant to Dalen D. Thomas' employment arrangement with the Company, the
Company loaned Mr. Thomas $100,000 on May 7, 1997. Mr. Thomas delivered a
Promissory Note to the Company, the terms of which include a maturity date of
May 1, 1999, an interest rate of 8.75% per annum, and quarterly interest
payments.
Pursuant to a registration rights agreement between Mr. Mikelsons and the
Company (the 'Registration Agreement'), Mr. Mikelsons and certain transferees
(the 'Sellers') have the right to require that the Company register under the
Securities Act or qualify for sale (in either case, a 'demand registration') any
securities of the Company that they own, including shares of Common Stock, and
the Company is required to use reasonable efforts to cause such registration to
occur, subject to certain limitations and conditions, including that the Company
shall not be obligated to register or qualify such securities more than twice in
any 18 month period and then only if the request is to register at least 5% of
the total number of shares of Common Stock at the time issued and outstanding,
or in the case of a request to register debt securities, the principal amount of
such specified debt is at least $1,000,000. In addition, if the Company proposes
to register shares of Common Stock under the Securities Act, the Sellers have
the right to request the inclusion of their securities in such registration
statement, subject to certain limitations and conditions, among them the right
of the underwriters of such registered offering to exclude or limit the number
of their shares included in such offering. The Company will bear the entire cost
of the first three demand registrations and the Company and the Sellers will
each bear one-half of the costs of any subsequent demand registrations. These
costs include (legal fees and expenses of counsel for the Company) and certain
of the costs for the other Sellers. The Sellers will pay any underwriting
discounts and commissions associated with the sale of their securities and the
fees and expenses of their counsel.
The Company has agreed that in the event of any registration of shares of
securities pursuant to the Registration Agreement, it will indemnify the Sellers
and certain other related persons, against certain liabilities incurred in
connection with such registration, including liabilities under the Securities
Act. The Sellers will provide a similar indemnity for liabilities incurred as a
result of information jointly identified in writing by the Company and the
Sellers as concerning the Sellers and their security holdings in the Company and
as identified for use in such registration statement by the Sellers.
Subject to certain limitations and conditions, the registration rights held
by Mr. Mikelsons may be transferred with his securities. The Registration
Agreement also contains various covenants imposing certain obligations upon the
Company when performing pursuant to such agreement including, among other
things, furnishing copies of any prospectus to Mr. Mikelsons, qualifying such
securities, entering into an underwriting agreement, listing the securities as
requested and taking such other necessary actions.
27
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Company may sell the Offered Securities offered hereby (i) through
underwriters or dealers, (ii) through agents, (iii) directly to purchasers, or
(iv) through a combination of any such methods of sale. Any such underwriter,
dealer or agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the
Securities Act. The Prospectus Supplement relating to the Offered Securities
will set forth their offering terms, including the name or names of any
underwriters, dealers or agents, the purchase price of the Offered Securities
and the proceeds to the Company from such sale, any underwriting discounts,
commissions and other items constituting compensation to underwriters, dealers
or agents, any initial public offering price, any discounts or concessions
allowed or reallowed or paid by underwriters or dealers to other dealers, and
any securities exchanges on which the Offered Securities may be listed.
If underwriters or dealers are used in the sale, the Offered Securities
will be acquired by the underwriters or dealers for their own account and may be
resold from time to time in one or more transactions, at a fixed price or
prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of
sale, or at prices related to such prevailing market prices, or at negotiated
prices. The Offered Securities may be offered to the public either through
underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or
directly by one or more of such firms. Unless otherwise set forth in the
Prospectus Supplement, the obligations of underwriters or dealers to purchase
the Offered Securities will be subject to certain conditions precedent and the
underwriters or dealers will be obligated to purchase all the Offered Securities
if any are purchased. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions
allowed or reallowed or paid by underwriters or dealers to other dealers may be
changed from time to time.
Offered Securities may be sold directly by the Company or through agents
designated by the Company from time to time. Any agent involved in the offer or
sale of the Offered Securities in respect of which this Prospectus is delivered
will be named, and any commissions payable by the Company to such agent will be
set forth, in the Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise indicated in the
Prospectus Supplement, any such agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for
the period of its appointment.
If so indicated in the Prospectus Supplement, the Company will authorize
underwriters, dealers or agents to solicit offers by certain specified
institutions to purchase Offered Securities from the Company at the public
offering price set forth in the Prospectus Supplement pursuant to delayed
delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the
future. Such contracts will be subject to any conditions set forth in the
Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus Supplement will set forth the
commission payable for solicitation of such contracts. The underwriters and
other persons soliciting such contracts will have no responsibility for the
validity or performance of any such contracts.
Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled under agreements entered
into with the Company to indemnification by the Company against certain civil
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution
by the Company to payments they may be required to make in respect thereof. The
terms and conditions of such indemnification will be described in an applicable
Prospectus Supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents may be customers of,
engage in transactions with, or perform services for, the Company in the
ordinary course of business.
Each series of Offered Securities other than Common Stock will be a new
issue of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters to whom
Offered Securities are sold by the Company for public offering and sale may make
a market in such Offered Securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated
to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No
assurance can be given as to the liquidity of the trading market for any Offered
Securities.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the Common Stock and Preferred Stock will be passed on for
the Company by Brian T. Hunt, General Counsel of the Company. The validity of
the Debt Securities and the Guarantees, if any, will be passed on for the
Company by Cravath, Swaine & Moore, relying as to matters of Indiana law on Mr.
Hunt. Certain legal matters will be passed on for any underwriters, dealers and
agents named in a Prospectus Supplement by Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton,
relying as to matters of Indiana law on Mr. Hunt. The Company is also being
advised on regulatory and aviation
28
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
matters by Squire, Sanders & Dempsey L.L.P., Washington, D.C. William P. Rogers,
Jr., a partner at Cravath, Swaine & Moore, is a director of the Company, and
beneficially owns 8,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company and options to
purchase 4,000 shares of such Common Stock. Mr. Hunt beneficially owns 351
shares of Common Stock of the Company and options to purchase 34,417 shares of
such Common Stock.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of the Company at December 31, 1997
and 1996, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1997,
appearing in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K have been audited by Ernst
& Young LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their report thereon included
therein and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial
statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report
given upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
29
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[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
-----
<S> <C>
Audited Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Auditors........................................................................ F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 1997 and 1996............................................. F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995............ F-4
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 1997, 1996
and 1995............................................................................................. F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995............ F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................................................ F-7
Unaudited Interim Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 1998 and December 31, 1997............................... F-17
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 1998 and 1997........... F-18
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 1998 and 1997........... F-19
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................................................ F-20
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
Board of Directors
AMTRAN, INC.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Amtran,
Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the related
consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders' equity and cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1997. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Amtran, Inc.
and subsidiaries at December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the consolidated results of
their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1997, in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles.
Indianapolis, Indiana
February 4, 1998
F-2
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------
1997 1996
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents.......................................................... $ 104,196 $ 73,382
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts (1997 -- $1,682;
1996 -- $1,274)................................................................... 23,266 20,239
Inventories, net................................................................... 14,488 13,888
Assets held for sale............................................................... -- 14,112
Prepaid expenses and other current assets.......................................... 20,892 14,571
--------- ---------
Total current assets.......................................................... 162,842 136,192
Property and equipment:
Flight equipment................................................................... 463,576 381,186
Facilities and ground equipment.................................................... 54,933 51,874
--------- ---------
518,509 433,060
Accumulated depreciation........................................................... (250,828) (208,520)
--------- ---------
267,681 224,540
Assets held for sale.................................................................... 8,691 --
Deposits and other assets............................................................... 11,643 8,869
--------- ---------
Total assets............................................................. $ 450,857 $ 369,601
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt............................................... $ 8,975 $ 30,271
Accounts payable................................................................... 10,511 13,671
Air traffic liabilities............................................................ 68,554 49,899
Accrued expenses................................................................... 80,312 64,813
--------- ---------
Total current liabilities..................................................... 168,352 158,654
Long-term debt, less current maturities................................................. 182,829 119,100
Deferred income taxes................................................................... 31,460 20,216
Other deferred items.................................................................... 11,226 16,887
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock; authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued......................... -- --
Common stock, without par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; issued
11,829,230 -- 1997; 11,799,852 -- 1996............................................ 38,760 38,341
Treasury stock: 185,000 shares..................................................... (1,760) (1,760)
Additional paid-in-capital......................................................... 15,340 15,618
Retained earnings.................................................................. 6,250 4,678
Deferred compensation -- ESOP...................................................... (1,600) (2,133)
--------- ---------
56,990 54,744
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity............................... $ 450,857 $ 369,601
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-3
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995
----------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Operating revenues:
Scheduled service.............................................. $ 371,762 $ 386,488 $ 361,967
Charter........................................................ 359,177 310,569 307,091
Ground package................................................. 22,317 22,302 20,421
Other.......................................................... 29,937 31,492 25,530
----------- ----------- -----------
Total operating revenues.................................. 783,193 750,851 715,009
----------- ----------- -----------
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits................................... 172,499 163,990 141,072
Fuel and oil................................................... 153,701 161,226 129,636
Handling, landing and navigation fees.......................... 69,383 70,122 74,400
Depreciation and amortization.................................. 62,468 61,661 55,827
Aircraft rentals............................................... 54,441 65,427 55,738
Aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs.................... 51,465 55,175 55,423
Crew and other employee travel................................. 36,596 35,855 31,466
Passenger service.............................................. 32,812 32,745 34,831
Commissions.................................................... 26,102 26,677 24,837
Ground package cost............................................ 19,230 18,246 15,926
Other selling expenses......................................... 15,462 17,563 14,934
Advertising.................................................... 12,658 10,320 8,852
Facilities and other rentals................................... 8,557 9,625 7,414
Disposal of assets............................................. -- 4,475 --
Other.......................................................... 54,335 53,800 46,717
----------- ----------- -----------
Total operating expenses.................................. 769,709 786,907 697,073
----------- ----------- -----------
Operating income (loss)............................................. 13,484 (36,056) 17,936
Other income (expense):
Interest income................................................ 1,584 617 410
Interest (expense)............................................. (9,454) (4,465) (4,163)
Other.......................................................... 413 323 470
----------- ----------- -----------
Other expenses............................................ (7,457) (3,525) (3,283)
----------- ----------- -----------
Income (loss) before income taxes................................... 6,027 (39,581) 14,653
Income taxes (credits).............................................. 4,455 (12,907) 6,129
----------- ----------- -----------
Net income (loss)................................................... $ 1,572 $ (26,674) $ 8,524
----------- ----------- -----------
----------- ----------- -----------
Basic earnings per common share:
Average shares outstanding.......................................... 11,577,727 11,535,425 11,481,861
Net income (loss) per share......................................... $ 0.14 $ (2.31) $ 0.74
----------- ----------- -----------
----------- ----------- -----------
Diluted earnings per common share:
Average shares outstanding.......................................... 11,673,330 11,535,425 11,519,232
Net income (loss) per share......................................... $ 0.13 $ (2.31) $ 0.74
----------- ----------- -----------
----------- ----------- -----------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-4
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ADDITIONAL DEFERRED
COMMON TREASURY PAID-IN RETAINED COMPENSATION
STOCK STOCK CAPITAL EARNINGS ESOP
------- -------- ---------- --------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance, December 31, 1994.......................... $37,941 $ (1,091) $ 16,008 $ 22,828 $ (2,933)
Net income..................................... -- -- -- 8,524 --
Issuance of common stock for ESOP.............. -- -- (111) -- 267
Restricted stock grants........................ 152 -- (19) -- --
Stock options exercised........................ 166 -- (57) -- --
Purchase 54,000 shares of treasury stock....... -- (490) -- -- --
------- -------- ---------- --------- ------------
Balance, December 31, 1995.......................... 38,259 (1,581) 15,821 31,352 (2,666)
Net loss....................................... -- -- -- (26,674) --
Issuance of common stock for ESOP.............. -- -- (173) -- 533
Restricted stock grants........................ 32 -- (7) -- --
Stock options exercised........................ 50 -- (23) -- --
Purchase of 16,000 shares of treasury stock.... -- (179) -- -- --
------- -------- ---------- --------- ------------
Balance, December 31, 1996.......................... 38,341 (1,760) 15,618 4,678 (2,133)
Net income..................................... -- -- -- 1,572 --
Issuance of common stock for ESOP.............. -- -- (214) -- 533
Restricted stock grants........................ 419 -- (185) -- --
Executive stock options expired................ -- -- 121 -- --
------- -------- ---------- --------- ------------
Balance, December 31, 1997.......................... $38,760 $ (1,760) $ 15,340 $ 6,250 $ (1,600)
------- -------- ---------- --------- ------------
------- -------- ---------- --------- ------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-5
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------
1997 1996 1995
--------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)............................................................ $ 1,572 $(26,674) $ 8,524
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating
activities:
Depreciation and amortization........................................... 62,468 61,661 55,827
Deferred income taxes (credits)......................................... 11,244 (13,246) 4,025
Other non-cash items.................................................... (666) 28,185 9,699
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables............................................................. (3,027) 3,919 (6,768)
Inventories............................................................. (1,637) (948) 2,739
Assets held for sale.................................................... 5,356 (14,112) --
Prepaid expenses........................................................ (6,321) 6,081 (4,061)
Accounts payable........................................................ (3,160) 2,519 (166)
Air traffic liabilities................................................. 18,655 (6,632) 10,466
Accrued expenses........................................................ 15,452 (8,582) 6,793
--------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by operating activities.................................... 99,936 32,171 87,078
--------- -------- --------
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment........................... 8,005 529 21,564
Capital expenditures.................................................... (84,233) (69,884) (57,835)
Reductions of (additions to) other assets............................... 173 6,194 (7,761)
--------- -------- --------
Net cash used in investing activities........................................ (76,055) (63,161) (44,032)
--------- -------- --------
Financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt............................................ 134,000 21,390 6,000
Payments on long-term debt.............................................. (127,067) (9,580) (17,567)
Purchase of treasury stock.............................................. -- (179) (490)
--------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities.......................... 6,933 11,631 (12,057)
--------- -------- --------
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents............................. 30,814 (19,359) 30,989
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period............................... 73,382 92,741 61,752
--------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period..................................... $ 104,196 $ 73,382 $ 92,741
--------- -------- --------
--------- -------- --------
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash payments for:
Interest........................................................... $ 6,197 $ 3,823 $ 4,515
Income taxes (refunds)............................................. (311) 515 1,069
Financing and investing activities not affecting cash:
Issuance of long-term debt directly for capital expenditures............ $ 30,650 $ -- $ 31,708
Issuance of short-term debt directly for capital expenditures........... 4,750 -- --
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-6
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Amtran, Inc.
(the 'Company') and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany
accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The Company operates principally in one business segment through American
Trans Air, Inc. ('ATA'), its principal subsidiary, which accounts for
approximately 95% of the Company's operating revenues. ATA is a
U.S.-certificated air carrier providing domestic and international charter and
scheduled passenger services. Approximately 48% of the Company's 1997 operating
revenues were generated through scheduled services to such destinations as
Hawaii, Las Vegas, Florida, California, Mexico and the Caribbean, while
approximately 46% of 1997 operating revenues were derived from charter
operations with independent tour operators and the U.S. military to numerous
destinations throughout the world.
USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and
accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash equivalents are carried at cost and are primarily comprised of
investments in U.S. Treasury bills, commercial paper and time deposits which are
purchased with original maturities of three months or less (see Note 2).
ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Assets held for sale are carried at the lower of net book value or
estimated net realizable value.
INVENTORIES
Inventories consist primarily of expendable aircraft spare parts, fuel and
other supplies. Aircraft parts inventories are stated at cost and are reduced by
an allowance for obsolescence. The obsolescence allowance is provided by
amortizing the cost of the aircraft parts inventory, net of an estimated
residual value, over its estimated useful service life. The obsolescence
allowance at December 31, 1997 and 1996, was $7.6 million and $6.6 million,
respectively. Inventories are charged to expense when consumed.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenues are recognized when the transportation is provided. Customer
flight deposits and unused passenger tickets sold are included in air traffic
liability. As is customary within the industry, the Company performs periodic
evaluations of this estimated liability, and any adjustments resulting
therefrom, which can be significant, are included in the results of operations
for the periods in which the evaluations are completed.
PASSENGER TRAFFIC COMMISSIONS
Passenger traffic commissions are recognized as expense when the
transportation is provided and the related revenue is recognized. The amount of
passenger traffic commissions paid but not yet recognized as expense is included
in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets.
F-7
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment is recorded at cost and is depreciated to residual
value over its estimated useful service life using the straight-line method.
Advanced payments for future aircraft purchases are recorded at cost. As of
December 31, 1997 and 1996, the Company had made advanced payments for future
aircraft deliveries totaling $6.0 million and $2.7 million, respectively. The
estimated useful service lives for the principal depreciable asset
classifications are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ASSET ESTIMATED USEFUL SERVICE LIFE
- ---------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Aircraft and related equipment:
Lockheed L-1011...................................... 16 years
Boeing 757-200....................................... 20 years
Boeing 727-200....................................... 11 years
Major rotable parts, avionics and assemblies.............. Life of equipment to which applicable
(Generally ranging from 10-16 years)
Improvements to leased flight equipment................... Period of benefit or term of lease
Other property and equipment.............................. 3-7 years
</TABLE>
The costs of major airframe and engine overhauls are capitalized and
amortized over their estimated useful lives based upon usage (or to earlier
fleet common retirement dates) for both owned and leased aircraft.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, receivables and both
variable-rate and fixed-rate debt (see Note 5) approximate fair value. The fair
value of fixed-rate debt, including current maturities, is estimated using
discounted cash flow analysis based on the Company's current incremental rates
for similar types of borrowing arrangements.
INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
In 1997, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board ('FASB')
Statement 128, 'Earnings per Share,' which establishes new standards for the
calculation and disclosure of earnings per share. All prior period earnings per
share amounts disclosed in the financial statements have been restated to
conform to the new standards under Statement 128 (see Note 10).
2. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
1997 1996
-------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Cash............................................................................. $ 25,406 $18,523
Commercial paper................................................................. 34,817 --
U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements.............................................. 43,973 54,859
-------- -------
$104,196 $73,382
-------- -------
-------- -------
</TABLE>
Cash equivalents of $0.0 and $6.3 million at December 31, 1997 and December
31, 1996, respectively, were pledged to collateralize amounts which could become
due under letters of credit. At December 31, 1997 and 1996, there were no
amounts drawn against letters of credit (see Note 4).
F-8
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
3. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
The Company's property and equipment consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1997 1996
-------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Flight equipment, including airframes, engines and other........................ $463,576 $381,186
Less accumulated depreciation................................................... 219,590 182,392
-------- --------
243,986 198,794
-------- --------
Facilities and ground equipment................................................. 54,933 51,874
Less accumulated depreciation................................................... 31,238 26,128
-------- --------
23,695 25,746
-------- --------
$267,681 $224,540
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
4. SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
The Company maintains a $5.0 million revolving credit facility available
for its short-term borrowing needs and for issuance of letters of credit. The
credit facility is available until June 1998 and is collateralized by certain
aircraft engines. Borrowings against the facility bear interest at the bank's
prime rate plus .25%. There were no borrowings against this credit facility at
December 31, 1997 or 1996. At December 31, 1997 and 1996, the Company had
outstanding letters of credit aggregating $3.5 million and $4.1 million,
respectively, under such facility.
5. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1997 1996
-------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Unsecured Senior Notes, fixed rate of 10.5% payable on
August 1, 2004................................................................ $100,000 $ --
Note payable to bank; prime to prime plus 0.5% (8.5% and 9.0% at December 31,
1997), payable on or before April 2001........................................ 34,000 123,246
Note payable to institutional lender; fixed rate of 7.80% payable in varying
installments through September 2003........................................... 7,045 8,420
Note payable to institutional lender; fixed rate of 7.08% payable in varying
installments through January 1999............................................. 29,982 --
City of Indianapolis advance, payable in December 2000.......................... 10,000 10,000
City of Chicago variable rate special facility revenue bonds
(4.29% on December 31, 1997), payable in December 2020........................ 6,000 6,000
Other........................................................................... 4,777 1,705
-------- --------
191,804 149,371
Less current maturities......................................................... 8,975 30,271
-------- --------
$182,829 $119,100
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
On July 24, 1997, the Company completed two separate financings designed to
lengthen the maturity of the Company's long-term debt and diversify its credit
sources. On that date, the Company (i) sold $100.0 million principal amount of
unsecured seven-year notes in a private offering under Rule 144A, and (ii)
entered into a new secured revolving credit facility.
F-9
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
The unsecured senior notes mature on August 1, 2004. Each note bears
interest at the annual rate of 10.5%, payable on February 1 and August 1 of each
year beginning February 1, 1998. The Company may redeem the notes, in whole or
in part, at any time on or after August 1, 2002, initially at 105.25% of their
principal amount plus accrued interest, declining ratably to 100.0% of their
principal amount plus accrued interest at maturity. At any time prior to August
1, 2000, the Company may redeem up to 35.0% of the original aggregate principal
amount of the notes with the proceeds of sales of common stock, at a redemption
price of 110.5% of their principal amount (plus accrued interest), provided that
at least $65.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the notes remains
outstanding after such redemption.
The net proceeds of the unsecured notes were approximately $96.9 million,
after application of costs and fees of issuance. The Company used a portion of
the net proceeds to repay in full the Company's prior bank facility and used the
balance of the proceeds for general corporate purposes.
Concurrently with the issuance of the unsecured notes, the Company entered
into a new $50.0 million revolving credit facility that includes up to $25.0
million for stand-by letters of credit. ATA is the borrower under the new credit
facility, which is guaranteed by the Company and each of the Company's other
active subsidiaries. The principal amount of the new facility matures on April
1, 2001, and borrowings are secured by certain Lockheed L-1011 aircraft and
engines. The loan-to-value ratio for collateral securing the new facility may
not exceed 75% at any time. Borrowings under the new facility bear interest, at
the option of ATA, at either LIBOR plus 1.50% to 2.50% or the agent bank's prime
rate.
The Company's former credit facility had initially provided a maximum of
$125.0 million, including $25.0 million for stand-by letters of credit, subject
to the maintenance of certain collateral value, including certain owned Lockheed
L-1011 aircraft, certain receivables, and certain rotables and spare parts.
Loans under the former credit facility were subject to interest, at the
Company's option, at either prime to prime plus 0.75%, or the Eurodollar rate
plus 1.50% to 2.75%. The former facility was scheduled to mature on April 1,
1999.
The notes and credit facility are subject to restrictive covenants,
including, among other things, limitations on: the incurrence of additional
indebtedness; the payment of dividends; certain transactions with shareholders
and affiliates; or the creation of liens on or other transactions involving
certain assets. In addition, certain covenants require certain financial ratios
to be maintained.
In December 1995, the Company entered into a sale/lease transaction with
the City of Indianapolis on its maintenance facility at the Indianapolis
International Airport which resulted in the advance of $10.0 million in cash to
the Company, as secured by the maintenance facility. The Company is obligated to
pay $0.6 million per year to the City of Indianapolis for five years, which
represents interest on the City's associated outstanding debt obligation. As of
December 2000, the advance of $10.0 million must be repaid to the City of
Indianapolis. The Company may elect to repay the balance using special facility
bonds underwritten by the City's Airport Authority, or by using the Company's
own funds.
The Company has made voluntary prepayments of long-term debt which has had
the effect of reducing interest expense by approximately $3.4 million and $5.9
million during 1997 and 1996, respectively.
F-10
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Future maturities of long-term debt are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31, 1997
-----------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C>
1998.................................................. $ 8,975
1999.................................................. 28,626
2000.................................................. 11,382
2001.................................................. 35,374
2002.................................................. 1,192
Thereafter............................................ 106,255
-----------------
$ 191,804
-----------------
-----------------
</TABLE>
Interest capitalized in connection with long-term asset purchase agreements
was $0.7 million and $1.4 million in 1997 and 1996, respectively.
In December 1997, the Company purchased a Boeing 727-200 and issued a $4.7
million note payable which is classified in current maturities of long-term
debt. The note payable is due in the first quarter of 1998, and is secured by
$4.7 million in cash held in escrow. This restricted cash is classified as cash
and cash equivalents at December 31, 1997. The note was repaid in January 1998.
6. LEASE COMMITMENTS
At December 31, 1997, the Company had aircraft leases on one Lockheed
L-1011, 23 Boeing 727-200s, and six Boeing 757-200s. The Lockheed L-1011 has an
initial term of 60 months which expires in 2002. The Boeing 757-200s have
initial lease terms that expire from 2002 through 2015. The Boeing 727-200s have
initial terms of three to seven years and expire between 1998 and 2003. The
Company also leases nine engines for use on the Lockheed L-1011s through 2001.
The Company is responsible for all maintenance costs on these aircraft and
must meet specified airframe and engine return conditions.
As of December 31, 1997, the Company had other long-term leases related to
certain ground facilities, including terminal space and maintenance facilities,
with original lease terms that vary from 3 to 40 years and expire at various
dates through 2035. The lease agreements relating to the ground facilities,
which are primarily owned by governmental units or authorities, generally do not
provide for transfer of ownership nor do they contain options to purchase.
In December 1995, the Company sold its option to purchase its headquarters
facility to the City of Indianapolis for $2.9 million, and thereafter entered
into a capital lease agreement with the City relating to the continued use of
the headquarters and maintenance facility. A gain on the sale of the option
equal to $1.3 million was recognized in income in 1995, with the remainder of
the gain to be amortized to income during the periods the headquarters
facilities are used. The headquarters agreement has an initial term of four
years, with two options to extend of three and five years, respectively, and is
cancelable after two years with advance notice. The Company is responsible for
maintenance, taxes, insurance and other expenses incidental to the operation of
the facilities.
F-11
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Future minimum lease payments at December 31, 1997, for noncancelable
operating leases with initial terms of more than one year are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FACILITIES
FLIGHT AND GROUND
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT TOTAL
--------- ---------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1998................................................... $ 48,380 $ 6,458 $ 54,838
1999................................................... 46,842 5,825 52,667
2000................................................... 37,150 5,230 42,380
2001................................................... 37,451 3,877 41,328
2002................................................... 31,412 3,754 35,166
Thereafter............................................. 229,946 22,941 252,887
--------- ---------- --------
$431,181 $ 48,085 $479,266
--------- ---------- --------
--------- ---------- --------
</TABLE>
Rental expense for all operating leases in 1997, 1996 and 1995 was $63.0
million, $75.0 million and $63.0 million, respectively.
7. INCOME TAXES
The provision for income tax expense (credit) consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
1997 1996 1995
------ -------- ------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Federal:
Current................................................... $ 173 $ -- $1,280
Deferred.................................................. 3,706 (11,798) 4,399
------ -------- ------
3,879 (11,798) 5,679
State:
Current................................................... 163 161 107
Deferred.................................................. 413 (1,270) 343
------ -------- ------
576 (1,109) 450
------ -------- ------
Income tax expense (credit)............................... $4,455 $(12,907) $6,129
------ -------- ------
------ -------- ------
</TABLE>
The provision for income taxes differed from the amount obtained by
applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
1997 1996 1995
------ -------- ------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Federal income taxes at statutory rate (credit)................ $2,049 $(13,457) $4,982
State income taxes (credit), net of federal benefit............ 367 (732) 535
Non-deductible expenses........................................ 1,947 1,282 998
Benefit of change in estimate of state income
tax rate..................................................... -- -- (258)
Benefit of tax reserve adjustments............................. -- -- (203)
Other, net..................................................... 92 -- 75
------ -------- ------
Income tax expense (credit).................................... $4,455 $(12,907) $6,129
------ -------- ------
------ -------- ------
</TABLE>
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax
basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial
statements. The principal temporary differences
F-12
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
relate to the use of accelerated methods of depreciation and amortization for
tax purposes. Deferred income tax liability components are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
------------------
1997 1996
------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax liabilities:
Tax depreciation in excess of book depreciation.................... $61,117 $56,885
Other taxable temporary differences................................ 597 476
------- -------
Deferred tax liabilities...................................... $61,714 $57,361
------- -------
Deferred tax assets:
Tax benefit of net operating loss carryforwards.................... $28,744 $29,852
Investment and other tax credit carryforwards...................... 3,032 4,720
Vacation pay accrual............................................... 2,595 2,044
Amortization of lease credits...................................... 1,979 --
Other deductible temporary differences............................. 3,660 4,928
------- -------
Deferred tax assets........................................... $40,010 $41,544
------- -------
Deferred taxes classified as:
Current asset........................................................... $ 9,756 $ 4,399
------- -------
------- -------
Non-current liability................................................... $31,460 $20,216
------- -------
------- -------
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1997, for federal tax reporting purposes, the Company had
approximately $78.6 million of net operating loss carryforwards available to
offset future federal taxable income and $3.0 million of investment and other
tax credit carryforwards available to offset future federal tax liabilities. The
net operating loss carryforwards expire as follows: 2002, $10.2 million; 2003,
$8.1 million; 2004, $9.0 million; 2005, $3.5 million; 2009, $14.7 million; 2011,
$33.1 million. Investment tax credit carryforwards of $1.6 million expire
principally in 2000, and other tax credit carryforwards of $1.4 million have no
expiration dates.
8. RETIREMENT PLAN
The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) savings plan which provides
for participation by substantially all the Company's employees who have
completed one year of service. The Company has elected to contribute an amount
equal to 35% in 1997, and 30% in 1996 and 1995, of the amount contributed by
each participant up to the first six percent of eligible compensation. Company
matching contributions expensed in 1997, 1996 and 1995 were $1.8 million, $1.3
million and $1.2 million, respectively.
In 1993, the Company added an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ('ESOP')
feature to its existing 401(k) savings plan. The ESOP used the proceeds of a
$3.2 million loan from the Company to purchase 200,000 shares of the Company's
common stock. The selling shareholder was the Company's principal shareholder.
The Company recognized $0.3 million, $0.3 million, and $0.4 million in 1997,
1996 and 1995, respectively, as compensation expense related to the ESOP. Shares
of common stock held by the ESOP will be allocated to participating employees
annually as part of the Company's 401(k) savings plan contribution. The fair
value of the shares allocated during the year is recognized as compensation
expense.
9. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
In the first quarter of 1994, the Board of Directors approved the
repurchase of up to 250,000 shares of the Company's common stock. As of December
31, 1997, the Company had repurchased 185,000 shares at a total cost of $1.8
million.
F-13
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
The Company's 1993 Incentive Stock Plan for Key Employees (1993 Plan)
authorizes the grant of options for up to 900,000 shares of the Company's common
stock. The Company's 1996 Incentive Stock Plan for Key Employees (1996 Plan)
authorizes the grant of options for up to 3,000,000 shares of the Company's
common stock. Options granted have 5 to 10-year terms and generally vest and
become fully exercisable over specified periods up to three years of continued
employment.
A summary of common stock option changes follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
SHARES EXERCISE PRICE
--------- ----------------
(IN DOLLARS)
<S> <C> <C>
Outstanding at December 31, 1994.............................. 313,050 $13.73
Granted....................................................... 190,000 $ 8.71
Exercised..................................................... 10,417 $10.56
Canceled...................................................... 97,333 $11.73
---------
Outstanding at December 31, 1995.............................. 395,300 $11.92
---------
Granted....................................................... 1,302,400 $ 7.87
Exercised..................................................... 3,100 $ 8.94
Canceled...................................................... 64,700 $10.87
---------
Outstanding at December 31, 1996.............................. 1,629,900 $ 8.74
---------
Granted....................................................... 1,588,500 $ 8.49
Exercised..................................................... -- --
Canceled...................................................... 706,000 $ 7.14
---------
Outstanding at December 31, 1997.............................. 2,512,400 $ 9.06
---------
---------
Options exercisable at December 31, 1996...................... 497,015 $ 9.99
---------
---------
Options exercisable at December 31, 1997...................... 390,232 $12.02
---------
---------
</TABLE>
During 1996, the Company adopted FASB Statement No. 123 'Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation' (FAS 123) with respect to its stock options. As
permitted by FAS 123, the Company has elected to continue to account for
employee stock options following Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25,
'Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees' (APB 25) and related Interpretations.
Under APB 25, because the exercise price of the Company's employee stock options
equals the market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant, no
compensation expense is recognized.
The weighted-average fair value of options granted during 1997 and 1996 is
estimated at $5.28 and $4.51 per share, respectively, on the grant date. These
estimates were made using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the
following weighted-average assumptions for 1997 and 1996: risk-free interest
rate of 6%; expected market price volatility of .40 and .48; weighted-average
expected option life equal to the contractual term; estimated forfeitures of 5%;
and no dividends.
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in
estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions
and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models use highly
subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. Because
the Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly
different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective
input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's
opinion the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure
of the fair value of its employees' stock options.
For purposes of pro forma disclosure, the estimated fair value of the
options is amortized to expense over the options' vesting period (1 to 3 years).
Therefore, because FAS 123 is applicable only to
F-14
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
options granted subsequent to December 31, 1994, its pro forma effect will not
be fully reflected until 1998. The Company's pro forma information follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996 1995
------ -------- ------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income (loss) as reported...................................... $1,572 $(26,674) $8,524
Net income (loss) pro forma........................................ 294 (28,271) 8,451
Diluted income (loss) per share as reported........................ .13 (2.31) .74
Diluted income (loss) per share pro forma.......................... .03 (2.45) .73
</TABLE>
Options outstanding at December 31, 1997, expire from August 2003 to
February 2007. A total of 1,387,600 shares are reserved for future grants as of
December 31, 1997, under the 1993 and 1996 Plans. The following table summarizes
information concerning outstanding and exercisable options at December 31, 1997:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Range of Exercise Prices................................................ $7-11 $12-16
Options outstanding:
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life........................ 8.6 years 7.3 years
Weighted-Average Exercise Price.................................... $8.39 $14.30
Number............................................................. 2,226,200 286,200
Options exercisable:
Weighted-Average Exercise Price.................................... $9.19 $15.11
Number............................................................. 203,791 186,441
</TABLE>
10. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted
earnings per share:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996 1995
---------- ---------- ----------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARES
AND PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Numerator:
Net income (loss)........................................ $ 1,572 $ (26,674) $ 8,524
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share -- weighted
average shares......................................... 11,577,727 11,535,425 11,481,861
Effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock options................................... 64,725 -- 37,371
Restricted shares........................................ 30,878 -- --
---------- ---------- ----------
Dilutive potential common shares.............................. 95,603 -- 37,371
---------- ---------- ----------
Denominator for diluted earnings per share -- adjusted
weighted average shares..................................... 11,673,330 11,535,425 11,519,232
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
Basic earnings per share...................................... $ 0.14 $ (2.31) $ 0.74
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
Diluted earnings per share.................................... $ 0.13 $ (2.31) $ 0.74
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
</TABLE>
Potentially dilutive securities were not included in the computation of
1996 diluted earnings per share because the year resulted in a net loss and,
therefore, their effect would be antidilutive.
11. MAJOR CUSTOMER
The United States government is the only customer that accounted for more
than 10% of consolidated revenues. U.S. government revenues accounted for 16.7%,
11.2% and 10.8% of consolidated revenues for 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
F-15
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
In November 1994, the Company signed a purchase agreement for six new
Boeing 757-200s, which, as subsequently amended, now provides for the delivery
of seven total aircraft. The amended agreement provides for deliveries of
aircraft between 1995 and 1998. As of December 31, 1997, the Company had taken
delivery of five Boeing 757-200s under this purchase agreement and financed
those aircraft using leases accounted for as operating leases. The two remaining
aircraft have an aggregate purchase price of approximately $50.0 million per
aircraft, subject to escalation. Advance payments totaling approximately $12.6
million ($6.3 million per aircraft) are required to be made for the remaining
two undelivered aircraft, with the balance of the purchase price due upon
delivery. As of December 31, 1997 and 1996, the Company had made $6.0 million
and $2.7 million in advanced payments, respectively, pertaining to future
aircraft deliveries.
Various claims, contractual disputes and lawsuits against the Company arise
periodically involving complaints which are normal and reasonably foreseeable in
light of the nature of the Company's business. The majority of these suits are
covered by insurance. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these
claims will not have a material adverse effect on the business, operating
results or financial condition of the Company.
The Company has signed purchase agreements to acquire 11 Boeing 727-200ADV
aircraft at agreed prices. Nine of the aircraft to be purchased are currently
leased by the Company. The remaining two aircraft, currently on lease to another
airline, may be purchased in either February, August or October 1999, depending
upon the exercise of lease extension options available to the current lessee.
F-16
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SEPTEMBER 30, 1998 DECEMBER 31, 1997
------------------ -----------------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents........................................... $110,807 $ 104,196
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts (1998 -- $1,416;
1997 -- $1,682)................................................... 26,433 23,266
Inventories, net.................................................... 17,604 14,488
Assets held for sale................................................ -- --
Prepaid expenses and other current assets........................... 22,533 20,892
------------------ -----------------
Total current assets........................................... 177,377 162,842
Property and equipment:
Flight equipment.................................................... 548,659 463,576
Facilities and ground equipment..................................... 63,052 54,933
------------------ -----------------
611,711 518,509
Accumulated depreciation............................................ (287,831) (250,828)
------------------ -----------------
323,880 267,681
Assets held for sale..................................................... 7,176 8,691
Deposits and other assets................................................ 11,978 11,643
------------------ -----------------
Total assets................................................... $520,411 $ 450,857
------------------ -----------------
------------------ -----------------
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt................................ $ 6,477 $ 8,975
Accounts payable.................................................... 15,644 10,511
Air traffic liabilities............................................. 68,671 68,554
Accrued expenses.................................................... 97,426 80,312
------------------ -----------------
Total current liabilities................................................ 188,218 168,352
Long-term debt, less current maturities.................................. 174,262 182,829
Deferred income taxes.................................................... 49,581 31,460
Other deferred items..................................................... 10,395 11,226
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock: authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued.......... -- --
Common stock, without par value: authorized 30,000,000 shares;
issued 12,054,052 -- 1998; 11,829,230 -- 1997..................... 42,496 38,760
Additional paid-in capital.......................................... 13,529 15,340
Deferred compensation -- ESOP....................................... (1,066) (1,600)
Treasury stock: 193,506 -- 1998; 185,000 shares -- 1997............. (1,881) (1,760)
Retained earnings................................................... 44,877 6,250
------------------ -----------------
97,955 56,990
------------------ -----------------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity..................... $520,411 $ 450,857
------------------ -----------------
------------------ -----------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-17
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
------------------------------------------
1998 1997
------ ------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C>
Operating revenues:
Scheduled service........ $ 384,456 $ 271,282
Charter.................. 277,763 288,928
Ground package........... 17,629 16,347
Other.................... 30,335 20,705
----------- -----------
Total operating
revenues.......... 710,183 597,262
----------- -----------
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and
benefits............... 155,795 127,981
Fuel and oil............. 107,639 118,890
Handling, landing and
navigation fees........ 57,503 54,368
Depreciation and
amortization........... 58,293 45,994
Aircraft maintenance,
materials and
repairs................ 41,641 40,083
Aircraft rentals......... 39,249 41,758
Crew and other employee
travel................. 31,218 27,684
Passenger service........ 26,871 25,751
Commissions.............. 21,521 19,553
Other selling expenses... 16,451 10,916
Ground package cost...... 14,985 14,042
Advertising.............. 13,421 9,818
Facilities and other
rentals................ 6,991 6,551
Other.................... 47,655 39,797
----------- -----------
Total operating
expenses.......... 639,233 583,186
----------- -----------
Operating income.............. 70,950 14,076
Other income (expense):
Interest income.......... 3,324 810
Interest (expense)....... (9,671) (5,835)
Other.................... 165 361
----------- -----------
Other expense................. (6,182) (4,664)
----------- -----------
Income before income taxes.... 64,768 9,412
Income tax expense............ 26,141 5,192
----------- -----------
Net income.................... $ 38,627 $ 4,220
----------- -----------
----------- -----------
Basic earnings per common
share:
Average shares
outstanding............ 11,654,875 11,577,706
Net income per share..... $ 3.31 $ 0.36
----------- -----------
----------- -----------
Diluted earnings per common
share:
Average shares
outstanding............ 12,922,105 11,794,108
Net income per share..... $ 2.99 $ 0.36
----------- -----------
----------- -----------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-18
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
---------------------------------------
1998 1997
------ ------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C>
Operating activities:
Net income.................... $ 38,627 $ 4,220
Adjustments to reconcile net
income to net cash provided
by operating activities:
Depreciation and
amortization........... 58,293 45,994
Deferred income taxes.... 18,121 8,495
Other non-cash items..... 295 (1,653)
Changes in operating assets
and liabilities:
Receivables.............. (3,167) (826)
Inventories.............. (2,183) (1,103)
Assets held for sale..... -- 5,206
Prepaid expenses......... (1,641) (6,024)
Accounts payable......... 5,133 (7,521)
Air traffic
liabilities............ 117 13,739
Accrued expenses......... 18,275 10,205
----------- -----------
Net cash provided by
operating activities... 131,870 70,732
----------- -----------
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of
property and
equipment.............. 1,061 7,959
Capital expenditures..... (115,636) (63,519)
Additions to other
assets................. (1,065) (5,092)
----------- -----------
Net cash used
in investing
activities... (115,640) (60,652)
----------- -----------
Financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of
common stock........... 1,624 --
Purchase of treasury
stock.................. (121) --
Payments on short-term
debt................... (4,750) --
Proceeeds from long-term
debt................... 6,000 125,000
Payments on long-term
debt................... (12,372) (126,254)
----------- -----------
Net cash used
in financing
activities... (9,619) (1,254)
----------- -----------
Increase in cash and cash
equivalents................. 6,611 8,826
Cash and cash equivalents,
beginning of period......... 104,196 73,382
----------- -----------
Cash and cash equivalents, end
of period................... $ 110,807 $ 82,208
----------- -----------
----------- -----------
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash payments for:
Interest............ $ 13,311 $ 5,043
Income taxes
(refunds)......... 6,412 (314)
Financing and Investing
Activities not
affecting cash:
Issuance of
long-term debt
directly for
capital
expenditures...... $ -- $ 30,650
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-19
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Amtran, Inc. and
subsidiaries (the 'Company') have been prepared in accordance with instructions
for reporting interim financial information on Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not
include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of
financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles.
The consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September
30, 1998 and 1997 reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (which
include only normal recurring adjustments except for the change in accounting
estimate described in footnote 4) necessary to present fairly the financial
position, results of operations and cash flows for such periods. Results for the
nine months ended September 30, 1998, are not necessarily indicative of results
to be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 1998. For further
information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes
thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1997.
2. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted
earnings per share:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS
ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30,
-----------------------
1998 1997
------- -------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS,
EXCEPT SHARES AND
PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C>
Numerator:
Net income.......................................................... $38,627 $ 4,220
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share -- weighted average
shares............................................................ 11,654,875 11,577,706
Effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock options.............................................. 1,266,727 214,902
Restricted shares................................................... 503 1,500
---------- ----------
Dilutive potential common shares......................................... 1,267,230 216,402
---------- ----------
Denominator for diluted earnings per share -- adjusted weighted average
shares................................................................. 12,922,105 11,794,108
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Basic earnings per share................................................. $ 3.31 $ 0.36
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Diluted earnings per share............................................... $ 2.99 $ 0.36
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
</TABLE>
3. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
In the first quarter of 1994, the Board of Directors approved the
repurchase of up to 250,000 shares of the Company's common stock. As of
September 30, 1998, the Company had repurchased 193,506 shares at a total cost
of $1.9 million.
The Company's 1993 Incentive Stock Plan for Key Employees (1993 Plan)
authorized the grant of options for up to 900,000 shares of the Company's common
stock. The Company's 1996 Incentive Stock Plan for Key Employees (1996 Plan)
authorizes the grant of options for up to 3,000,000 shares of the Company's
common stock. Options granted have 5 to 10-year terms and generally vest and
become fully exercisable over specified periods up to three years of continued
employment.
F-20
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AMTRAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
A summary of common stock option changes follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
SHARES EXERCISE PRICE
--------- ----------------
(IN DOLLARS)
<S> <C> <C>
Outstanding at December 31, 1997.............................. 2,512,400 $ 9.06
Granted....................................................... 479,700 9.45
Exercised..................................................... (228,056) 9.35
Canceled...................................................... (15,666) 8.91
--------- -------
Outstanding at September 30, 1998............................. 2,748,378 $ 9.19
---------
---------
Options exercisable at December 31, 1997...................... 390,232 $12.02
---------
---------
Options exercisable at September 30, 1998..................... 1,071,899 $ 9.49
---------
---------
</TABLE>
During 1996, the Company adopted FASB Statement No. 123 'Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation' (FAS 123) with respect to its stock options. As
permitted by FAS 123, the Company has elected to continue to account for
employee stock options following Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25,
'Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees' (APB 25) and related Interpretations.
Under APB 25, because the exercise price of the Company's employee stock options
equals the market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant, no
compensation expense is recognized.
Options outstanding at September 30, 1998, expire from August 2003 to
October 2008. A total of 1,151,622 shares are reserved for future grants as of
September 30, 1998, under the 1993 and 1996 Plans. The following table
summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options at
September 30, 1998:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Range of Exercise Prices....................................... $7-11 $12-26
Options outstanding:...........................................
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life............... 8.06 years 6.28 years
Weighted-Average Exercise Price........................... $8.54 $14.75
Number.................................................... 2,468,079 280,299
Options exercisable:
Weighted-Average Exercise Price........................... $8.13 $14.79
Number.................................................... 856,664 215,235
</TABLE>
4. CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING ESTIMATE
In July 1998 the Company committed to the purchase of five Lockheed L-1011
series 500 aircraft for delivery between August 1998 and June 1999. The Company
already operates 14 Lockheed L-1011 series 50 and series 100 aircraft, 13 of
which are owned and one of which is leased. The purchase agreement will expand
the size of the Lockheed L-1011 fleet from 14 to 19 aircraft, and is expected to
produce operating economies in such expenses as crew training, crew salaries,
and aircraft maintenance.
As a result of this fleet expansion, the Company now expects to operate its
existing fleet of Lockheed L-1011 series 50 and series 100 aircraft through
December 2004, as opposed to previous retirement dates which had ranged from
2000 to 2002. The Company implemented this change in accounting estimate
effective July 1, 1998 which, in addition to extending the estimated useful
lives of the 13 owned aircraft, also reduced the estimated salvage value for
these aircraft as of the common retirement date of December 2004.
This change in accounting estimate resulted in a reduction in depreciation
and amortization expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 1998
of $972,000, and resulted in an increase in net income of $580,000 in the same
periods. Basic and fully diluted earnings per share in the three and nine months
ended September 30, 1998 were increased by $0.05 and $0.04, respectively.
F-21
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[ATA Logo]
STATEMENT OF DIFFERENCES
------------------------
The section symbol shall be expressed as ............................. 'SS'
The cent sign shall be expressed as .................................. [c]
<PAGE>
