<PAGE> 1
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 For the fiscal year ended April 30, 1997 or
[ ] Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 For the transition period from to .
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COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-21488
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 77-0083129
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
1250 Borregas Avenue, Sunnyvale, California 94089
(408) 542-1000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of Registrant's principal executive offices)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Name of each exchange
Title of each class on which registered
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None None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.001 par value
(Title and Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required
to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained to the best
of the registrant's knowledge in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
Registrant, as of May 3, 1997, was approximately $13 million (based upon the
closing price for shares of the Registrant's Common Stock as reported by the
Nasdaq National Market for the last trading date prior to that date). Shares of
Common Stock held by each officer, director and holder of 5% or more of the
outstanding Common Stock (including shares with respect to which a holder has
the right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days) have been excluded in
that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of
affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other
purposes.
The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of May 3,
1997 was 7,988,811.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III incorporates information by reference from the definitive Proxy
Statement for the Registrant's 1997 Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to
be held on August 28, 1997.
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Index to Exhibits on Page 17
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CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PART I
<S> <C> <C>
Item 1 Business................................................................................. Page 3
Item 2 Properties............................................................................... Page 9
Item 3 Legal Proceedings........................................................................ Page 9
Item 4 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders...................................... Page 9
PART II
Item 5 Market for Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters..................... Page 10
Item 6 Selected Consolidated Financial Data..................................................... Page 11
Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.... Page 12
Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.............................................. Page 16
Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure..... Page 16
PART III
Item 10 Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant....................................... Page 16
Item 11 Executive Compensation................................................................... Page 16
Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management ....................... Page 16
Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions........................................... Page 16
PART IV
Item 14 Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K ......................... Page 17
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements........................................................ Page 19
Signatures........................................................................................ Page 20
</TABLE>
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CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc. ("Catalyst" or the "Company") designs, develops
and markets a broad range of nonvolatile semiconductor memory products.
Nonvolatile memory ("NVM") retains stored data when the system power is turned
off and is therefore well suited for a wide variety of applications in the
computer, consumer electronics, telecommunications, automotive, industrial
control and instrumentation markets. The Company was formed as a California
corporation in October 1985 and was reincorporated in Delaware in May 1993. The
Company's principal offices are located at 1250 Borregas Avenue, Sunnyvale,
California 94089 and its telephone number at that address is (408) 542-1000.
The Company has sought to enhance its internal design and process technology
expertise through strategic relationships with leading semiconductor
manufacturers and currently subcontracts the fabrication of its semiconductor
wafers principally through Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. ("Oki"). These
relationships enable the Company to draw upon its foundries' expertise in high
volume semiconductor manufacturing. For example, the Company has integrated the
designs and processes for the manufacture of its Flash memory products with
Oki's fine line-width, high density CMOS processes used for high volume Dynamic
Random Access Memory ("DRAM") manufacture. To date, Catalyst has funded a
substantial portion of the development of its proprietary semiconductor designs
and fabrication processes through development and license agreements with its
manufacturing partners, and has licensed these partners to manufacture and sell
certain of the Company's products on a royalty-bearing basis.
The Company markets its products through a direct sales force and a worldwide
network of independent distributors and sales representatives. For the year
ended April 30, 1997, international sales represented 65% of product sales. End
user customers of the Company's products include Compaq, Fujitsu, Hewlett
Packard, IBM, JVC, Matsushita Communications, Maxtor, Mitsubishi, Motorola,
Nokia, Panasonic, Philips, Sharp, Siemens, Sony and Toshiba.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
There are two general classes of semiconductor memories incorporated into
electronic systems, volatile memory and nonvolatile memory. The principal
distinguishing characteristic between the two classes is that volatile memory
devices require a continuous application of power to retain data, while NVM
devices do not. Among volatile memory devices, DRAMs are the most prevalent,
because they are capable of high-speed data transfer, feature high density
circuitry and can be manufactured at relatively low cost. DRAMs are used
primarily as the main memory in computers for temporary storage of application
program data while the system is operating. NVM devices, in contrast, are used
by computers and electronic systems primarily to store system-critical data when
the power to the system is turned off. The continuous memory capability of NVM
renders these devices well-suited for a wide range of applications in the
computer, consumer electronics, telecommunications, automotive, industrial
control and instrumentation markets. NVM devices are used to store essential
data such as PC BIOS software, which regulates the flow of data to and from
system peripherals such as the keyboard and monitor and disk drives. In
addition, NVM devices that can be programmed and reprogrammed in the system are
used to store user-selected system configurations in consumer electronics
devices such as preset stations in automobile radios and to store numbers in
cellular telephones. NVM devices have generally not been used for computer main
memory applications because historically they have been more expensive, provided
slower performance and were more costly to produce than volatile memory such as
DRAMs.
The different NVM semiconductor devices which have been introduced over time
include read-only memory ("ROM") and programmable ROM ("PROM"); reprogrammable
NVM memory such as erasable programmable ROM ("EPROM") and electrically erasable
programmable ROM ("EEPROM"); nonvolatile random access memory ("NVRAM"); and ,
most recently, Flash memory. Each successive generation of NVM memory offers
increasing functionality, flexibility and performance.
The following NVM devices are currently available:
ROMs. ROMs are imprinted with fixed data upon manufacture and are the lowest
cost form of nonvolatile semiconductor memory. ROMs offer high speed data
transfer rates to and from the system processor. However, ROMs are not alterable
and are generally limited to storage of system memory and other fixed data in
mature products produced in high volume.
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CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
PROMs. PROMs can be programmed one time only, allowing the device to be
tailored for a specific application. The programmability of the device permits a
single PROM design to be used for a large number of similar applications. The
PROM device can be produced in large volume at low costs, and then smaller lots
of the device can be programmed for specific applications. PROMs are frequently
used during system development, for early shipments of new systems, or for
production of specific systems in low volumes. PROMs are limited in application,
since they cannot be altered after being programmed.
EPROMs. EPROMs were developed to address the one-time only programming
limitation of PROMs. Because they may be programmed through an erasure process,
EPROMs can be more cost effective than PROMs. EPROMs can be reprogrammed several
times, which permits low-cost program or data changes. However, they must be
exposed to intense ultraviolet light to erase the previously programmed data.
This requires expensive packaging for the device. In addition, to be
reprogrammed the device must be physically removed from the system, reprogrammed
using an external supply, and then returned to the system. This can be
inconvenient, expensive and time consuming. Moreover, the erasure process erases
the entire device at once, not selected data or segments. EPROMs are primarily
used for PC BIOS applications.
EEPROMs. EEPROMs can be erased and reprogrammed electrically within the
system, eliminating the need for physical removal, as required by EPROMs. On
"full-featured" EEPROMs, which have on-chip error correction capabilities that
enhance system reliability, individual bytes or segments of the stored data can
be erased and rewritten thousands of times. These features generally offer
greater flexibility to systems designers than EPROMs. EEPROMs are used to store
system-critical information which needs to be updated on a periodic basis. This
includes control panel settings and other user-configurable system parameters in
consumer devices, cache memory for disk drives, and system protocols and stored
telephone numbers in cellular telephones, facsimile machines and other
telecommunications devices. EEPROMs are generally available in two
configurations, serial EEPROM devices, which transmit data through a single
input-output port, and parallel EEPROMs, which transmit data via multiple ports
concurrently. Each cell of an EEPROM (the discrete area on the device in which
one bit is stored) consists of two transistors, one to store data and one to
permit the cell to be selected when erasing data, as compared to the single,
storage transistor of an EPROM. EEPROMs can be modified to be utilized as
programmable erasable read only memory (PEROM) devices for 5-volt FLASH
applications involving sector-by-sector data read and write. EEPROMs are more
expensive to produce than EPROMs, due to their more complex circuitry.
NVRAMs. NVRAMs consist of a Static Random Access Memory ("SRAM") device and
an EEPROM incorporated in a single semiconductor die. This enables the device to
provide both the high speed data transfer rates and read/write rates typical of
volatile SRAMs and the memory retention of NVMs when the system power is off.
However, the complexity of NVRAM devices, which typically utilize 8 transistors
per cell, makes them too costly for most commercial applications. Accordingly,
NVRAMs are generally limited in application to critical, high-performance
systems, such as antilock braking systems.
Flash Memory. Flash EEPROMs, or Flash memories, combine the benefits of
high-speed data alterability and data transfer rates and, potentially, the low
cost manufacturability of volatile memory, with the flexibility and continuous
data retention of NVM. Flash memory products can potentially be manufactured
with storage densities as great as DRAM densities and thereby achieve
manufacturing costs approaching the low cost of DRAMs. In addition, the
architecture of Flash memory potentially permits data alterability and transfer
rates as fast as DRAMs. Flash memory exhibits certain limitations as compared to
DRAMs, including a finite life span of read/write cycles, which limits its use
in computer main memory applications. However, Flash memory is being designed
into a wide variety of applications beyond the traditional application of NVM in
fixed program and data storage, and to applications in dynamic data storage due
to its nonvolatility, high storage densities, rapid access speed and decreasing
cost.
PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS
Catalyst provides a broad range of NVM products, including serial and
parallel EEPROMs, Flash memories, NVRAMs and mixed signal products. The
Company's principal product lines are as follows:
Serial EEPROM. The Company offers a broad range of serial EEPROM products
compatible with the three popular industry standard bus interface protocols: the
Inter-Integrated Circuit ("I2C") bus interface of Philips Electronics, the
Microwire interface protocol of National Semiconductor and the Serial Peripheral
Interface ("SPI") bus protocol. Additionally, Catalyst offers 4-wire bus
interface protocol type products and secure access designed for applications
requiring security lock for data protection. Products are offered in wide
density (1K to 64K) and voltage (1.8V to 6V) ranges. Serial EEPROM products are
used in many applications to store user reconfigurable data. Some of the more
common applications are disk drives, modems, cellular phones, VCRs, CD players,
hearing aids, PCMCIA cards, cordless phones, laser printers, computers and
pagers.
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CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
Parallel EEPROM. Parallel EEPROMs transfer data in multiple bits, generally
eight bits at a time. They provide faster transfer rates than serial EEPROMs,
which transfer data through a single port. Parallel EEPROMs are more costly than
serial EEPROMs and, accordingly, are used primarily in high performance
applications. Catalyst offers both standard 5 volt-only and 3.3 volt-only
parallel EEPROMs to meet battery operated application requirements. Parallel
EEPROMs are primarily used in applications such as POS terminals, industrial
controllers, LAN adapters, telecommunication switches, cellular phones and
modems.
Flash Memory. The Company currently offers Intel-licensed, 12-volt Flash
memory devices in densities ranging from 256 kilobit to 2 megabit (Mb). All of
the Company's current Flash memory products are guaranteed for a minimum 100,000
cycles of endurance. The Company's BIOS Flash family is targeted toward personal
computer OEMs for BIOS code storage. When completed, this family will include
Intel-licensed boot block and bulk erase technologies available in 1 Mb, 1.5 Mb
and 2 Mb densities. The 1.5 Mb devices are unique to Catalyst. These products
were developed to exploit the trend for PC BIOS requirements that exceed 1 Mb
but do not require a 2 Mb solution. The Company's new 1 Mb wordwide (x16) Flash
memory product is targeted at disk drive applications and the Company has
received significant orders from two major disk drive manufacturers. There can
be no assurance that the Company will receive additional significant orders for
this product or that it will achieve more wide-spread market acceptance.
NVRAMs. NVRAMs consist of an SRAM and an EEPROM incorporated on a single
semiconductor die. NVRAMs provide superior performance over other NVM products
and are ideal for applications that require high speed read/write operations
with nonvolatile memories, including parallel processing controllers for LANs
and antilock braking systems.
Mixed Signal Products. The Company designs, manufactures and markets selected
mixed signal products for specialized applications including radio frequency
tags for contactless security and access control, freight lading billing systems
and data collection. These products are based on the Company's NVM expertise and
digital/analog mixed signal design.
SALES AND DISTRIBUTION
The Company markets its products through a direct sales force and a network
of independent distributors and sales representatives. In addition to its
Sunnyvale headquarters facility, the Company maintains a domestic sales office
in Florida and international sales offices in England, Singapore and Taiwan.
Sales offices support both OEM customers and distributors. In addition, Nippon
Catalyst K. K., the Company's subsidiary in Japan, works closely with the
Company's manufacturing subcontractors and Japanese distributors.
The Company seeks to develop strategic relationships with major OEM and other
customers. The Company offers a broad range of NVM devices compatible with the
most common industry standards, and also works closely with customers to provide
semi-custom solutions to address individual customers' needs. In fiscal 1997,
the Company shipped products directly or through its distribution network to
customers in the computer, consumer electronics, telecommunications, automotive,
data communication and other industries. OEM customers of the Company's products
include Compaq, Fujitsu, Hewlett Packard, IBM, JVC, Matsushita Communications,
Mitsubishi, Motorola, Nokia, Panasonic, Philips, Sharp, Siemens, Sony and
Toshiba.
During fiscal years 1997, 1996 and 1995, the only customer which represented
more than ten percent of Catalyst's product revenue was Marubun Corporation, a
Japanese distributor ( 14%, 12% and 12%, respectively). International product
sales represented approximately 65%, 60% and 61% of the Company's product sales
in fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995. International sales are primarily billed in U.S.
dollars. Due to the magnitude of its international sales, the Company is subject
to the risks of conducting business internationally, including unexpected
changes in regulatory requirements, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar, which could
increase the sales price of the Company's products in local currencies, tariffs
and other barriers and restrictions, and the burdens of complying with a variety
of foreign laws.
The Company generally does not recognize revenue on shipments to its
distributors until the distributor resells the Company's products. In addition,
as is common in the semiconductor industry, the Company grants price protection
to distributors, in an amount equal to the difference between the price
originally charged and the reduced price, for products held in inventory by the
distributor at the time of a price reduction. From time to time, distributors
are also granted credit on an individual basis for Company-approved price
reductions on specific transactions.
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CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
MANUFACTURING
The Company subcontracts the manufacture of all of its products through
independent semiconductor manufacturers, primarily Oki. The Company has designed
its proprietary circuit designs and fabrication processes to operate within the
overall semiconductor manufacturing processes of its contract manufacturers. In
particular, the Company's Flash design has been integrated with Oki's CMOS
processes utilized in high volume production of DRAMs, and Oki is currently the
Company's sole manufacturing supplier for Flash products. The Company also
endeavors to develop its processes in a manner that permits the manufacture of
its products in the fabrication facilities of different semiconductor
manufacturing suppliers. Currently, the Company is developing designs for new
Flash memory products expected to be manufactured at United Microelectronics
Corporation ("UMC") in Taiwan. If the Company were forced to switch
manufacturing from Oki or UMC, its production and delivery of products would be
delayed which could adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations.
Manufacturing semiconductor products is highly complex and sensitive to a
wide variety of factors including the level of contaminants in the manufacturing
environment, impurities in the materials used and the performance of personnel
and equipment. While the Company believes that it has an adequate wafer supply
to meet its currently anticipated needs, there can be no assurance that the
Company will receive sufficient quantities of wafers at favorable prices on a
timely basis, if at all. As is typical in the semiconductor industry, the
Company's outside foundries have from time to time experienced lower than
anticipated production yields. There can be no assurance that manufacturing
problems will not occur in the future. The loss of Oki as a supplier, any
prolonged inability to obtain adequate yields or deliveries from Oki, UMC or
other subcontractors or manufacturers, or any other circumstance that would
require the Company to seek alternative sources of supply, could delay shipments
and have a material adverse effect on the Company's operating results. The
Company's current purchase agreements with Oki and UMC run through March 1998
and February 2006, respectively.
The Company performs circuit assembly and tests primarily through
subcontractors located in Southeast Asia. In the assembly process, the wafers
are separated into individual dies, which are then assembled into packages and
tested in accordance with procedures developed by the Company. Following
assembly, the packaged devices are further tested and inspected pursuant to the
Company's quality assurance program prior to shipment to customers. While the
timeliness, yield and quality of semiconductor deliveries from the Company's
suppliers have been acceptable to date, there can be no assurance that
manufacturing problems will not occur in the future. Any prolonged inability to
obtain adequate yields or deliveries from these manufacturers, or any other
circumstance that would require the Company to seek alternate sources of supply,
could delay shipments. Any significant delays would have an adverse effect on
the Company's operating results.
As a result of the Company's dependence on foreign subcontractors and test
facilities, the Company's business is subject to the risks generally associated
with doing business abroad, such as fluctuations in currency exchange rates,
foreign government regulations, political unrest, disruptions or delays in
shipments and changes in economic conditions in countries in which the Company's
manufacturing and assembly and test sources are located.
The Company has historically funded the development of its proprietary
semiconductor designs and fabrication processes in large part through
development agreements with its strategic manufacturing partners, and has
granted to its partners perpetual licenses to manufacture and sell certain of
the Company's products. Royalties are generally payable on any such sales for a
five year period from initial production of any such product.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Company continues to invest substantial sums in research and development
to improve its fabrication processes and develop additional products with higher
performance and reliability, lower voltage requirements, smaller die sizes and
improved manufacturability. The Company's development efforts include the
development of successive generations of its EEPROM and Flash memory products,
scaled to smaller geometries. As of April 30, 1997, the Company employed 30
persons in research and development activities. In addition, the Company has
hired the services of START S.A., an independent contractor in Bucharest,
Romania, to perform design services and test program development on behalf of
the Company. As of April 30, 1997, START employed 15 engineers to perform the
services on behalf of Catalyst. The Company invested $5.8 million, $4.4 million
and $4.3 million in research and development activities in fiscal 1997, 1996 and
1995, respectively.
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CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
PATENTS AND LICENSES
As of April 30, 1997, the Company owned sixteen (16) U.S. patents, one (1)
international patent and had an additional three (3) U.S. patent applications
pending. The Company intends to continue to seek patents on its inventions used
in its products and manufacturing processes. The process of seeking patent
protection can be expensive and time consuming. There can be no assurance that
patents will issue from pending or future applications or that, if patents are
issued, they will provide meaningful protection or other commercial advantage to
the Company. Moreover, there can be no assurance that any patent rights will be
upheld in the future or that the Company will be able to preserve any of its
other intellectual property rights.
In the semiconductor industry it is typical for companies to receive notices
from time to time alleging infringement of patents or other intellectual
property rights of others. There can be no assurance that the Company will not
receive any such notification or that proceedings alleging infringement of
intellectual property rights will not be commenced against the Company in the
future. In such event, there can be no assurances that the Company could obtain
any required licenses of third party intellectual property rights or could
obtain such licenses on commercially reasonable terms. Failure to obtain a
license in any such event could require the Company to cease production of its
products until the Company develops a non-infringing design or process.
Moreover, the cost of litigation of any such claim or damages resulting
therefrom could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company has entered into cross license agreements with Oki and Seiko
granting them nontransferable rights to produce certain products, in exchange
for royalty payments. See "Manufacturing." In August 1995, the Company entered
into an agreement with Intel Corporation which provides Catalyst with a license
to Intel's Flash memory technology in exchange for royalty payments. In
addition, in February 1996, the Company also entered into an agreement with UMC,
granting UMC rights to produce certain products in exchange for the provision of
certain wafer capacities and certain other license rights. In addition, as a
part of such arrangement UMC purchased 650,000 shares of the Company's Common
Stock for an aggregate cash consideration of $3.7 million.
COMPETITION
The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and has been
characterized by price erosion, rapid technological change and product
obsolescence. The Company competes with major domestic and international
semiconductor companies, many of whom have substantially greater financial,
technical, marketing, distribution and other resources than the Company.
The Company's more mature products, such as EEPROM devices, compete on the
basis of product performance, price and customer service. The Company believes
it competes successfully with respect to each of these competitive attributes.
Price competition is significant and expected to continue. Principal competitors
with respect to the Company's EEPROM products currently include SGS-Thomson,
National Semiconductor, Atmel and Xicor, as well as the Company's strategic
manufacturing partner Oki, all of which have substantially greater resources
than the Company.
The market for Flash memory products is relatively new and has been
characterized by long production cycles, irregular yields, competing
technologies and, particularly in fiscal 1997, intense price competition. The
Company believes it currently competes successfully with respect to product
performance, price and customer service on its Flash memory products. In fact,
the Company guarantees that all of its Flash memory products will provide
100,000 cycle read/write cycle endurance. However, there can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to compete successfully in the future against its
competitors on the bases of these or other competitive factors.
EMPLOYEES
As of April 30, 1997, the Company had 58 employees, of whom 30 were engaged
in research and development. The Company's future success will depend on its
ability to attract, train, retain and motivate highly qualified employees, who
are in great demand. The Company's employees are not represented by any
collective bargaining organization, and the Company has never experienced any
work stoppage. The Company believes that its employee relations are good.
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND KEY PERSONNEL
The executive officers and certain key personnel of the Company are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Age Position
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<S> <C> <C>
Executive Officers
C. Michael Powell 46 Chairman of the Board, President,
and Chief Executive Officer
Radu M. Vanco 47 Executive Vice President, Engineering
and Director
Daryl E. Stemm 37 Vice President of Finance and Administration
and Chief Financial Officer
Chris Carstens 48 Vice President, Quality and Reliability
Key Personnel
Marc H. Cremer 33 Director of North American Sales
Bassam I. Khoury 37 Director of Marketing
Lawrence A. Sladewski 43 Director of Operations
</TABLE>
Mr. Powell joined the Company in August 1993. Mr. Powell has served as
Chairman since August 1995, as Chief Executive Officer and a director of the
Company since July 1994 and as President of the Company since August 1993. From
August 1993 to July 1994, Mr. Powell served as Chief Operating Officer of the
Company and from October 1995 to February 1997, Mr. Powell served as Chief
Financial Officer of the Company. From April 1990 to July 1993, Mr. Powell
served as vice president of product lines at Cypress Semiconductor Corporation.
From July 1988 to March 1990, he was vice president, general manager of the
memory division at SEEQ Technology Inc., a semiconductor company. Prior to
joining SEEQ, Mr. Powell held a series of increasingly responsible management
positions at Fairchild Semiconductor, Telmos and Hewlett Packard. Mr. Powell
holds bachelor's and master's degrees in Physics from Georgia Institute of
Technology, as well as M.S.E.E. and MBA degrees from Stanford University.
Mr. Vanco joined the Company in November 1992. Mr. Vanco has served the
Company as a director since November 1995, as Executive Vice President since
October 1995 and as Vice President, Engineering, from November 1992 to October
1995. From 1991 to 1992, Mr. Vanco held the position of director of engineering
at Cypress Semiconductor. From 1985 to 1991, Mr. Vanco held various positions at
SEEQ Technology, Inc., most recently as director of design engineering. Mr.
Vanco holds an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the Polytechnical Institute,
Bucharest, Romania.
Mr. Stemm has served the Company as Vice President of Finance and
Administration and Chief Financial Officer since February 1997. From October
1995 to January 1997, Mr. Stemm served as Director of Finance and Administration
and Controller of the Company and from September 1989 when he joined the Company
until October 1995, he served as Assistant Controller. From 1983 to 1989, Mr.
Stemm held various accounting and contract administration positions at
Electronic Support Systems, Inc., most recently as Controller. Mr. Stemm holds a
B.S. in Business Economics from the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Mr. Carstens joined the Company as Vice President, Quality and Reliability in
December 1993. From 1989 to 1993, Mr. Carstens held the position of director of
quality and reliability at Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc., a semiconductor
company. From 1983 to 1989, he was manager of quality and reliability at
International Microelectronics Products, Inc. Mr. Carstens holds a B.S. in
aeronautics from San Jose State University.
Mr. Cremer has served the Company as Director of North American Sales since
April 1997 and served as Eastern U.S. Area Sales Manager from February 1997 when
he joined the Company until April 1997. From 1995 to 1997, Mr. Cremer held
various sales management positions at Exel Microelectronics, Inc., a
semiconductor company, most recently as national sales manager. From 1993 to
1995, Mr. Cremer held the position of sales engineer at Sales Engineering
Concepts, Inc., a manufacturers representative. From 1990 to 1993, he held
various sales management and field applications positions for Xicor, Inc., a
semiconductor company. Mr. Cremer holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from
Northeastern University.
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Mr. Khoury has served the Company as Director of Marketing since April 1997,
from July 1995 to March 1997, as Product Line Director of EEPROMs and as
Director of Product Engineering from May 1994 when he joined the Company until
July 1995. From 1991 to 1994, Mr. Khoury held the position of product
engineering manager at Cypress Semiconductor. From 1987 to 1991, he held the
position of product engineering manager at Seeq Technology, Inc. Mr. Khoury
holds a B.S. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from University of
Virginia Tech.
Mr. Sladewski has served the Company as Director of Operations since November
1995 and as Director of Manufacturing from October 1993 when he joined the
Company until November 1995. From 1986 to 1993, Mr. Sladewski held various
production control and planning management positions at Cypress Semiconductor,
most recently as Director of Corporate Production Control. From 1981 to 1986, he
held various materials and project management positions at Wang Laboratories.
Mr. Sladewski holds a B.A. in Business Administration from Michigan State
University and an MBA from Harvard Graduate School of Business.
INSURANCE
Catalyst presently carries various insurance coverage including, but not
limited to, property damage, workers' compensation, directors and officers
liability, business interruption and general liability.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company rents its 42,500 square foot principal facility in Sunnyvale,
California, pursuant to a lease that expires in July 2006. The Company also has
a domestic sales office in Florida and international sales offices in England,
Singapore, Taiwan and Japan. The Company believes that its existing facilities
are adequate to meet its current needs and that additional or alternative space
will be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On May 22, 1996 Samsung Semiconductor filed a complaint against the Company
in the Superior Court for the County of Santa Clara. The complaint alleges that
the Company failed to pay for integrated circuits delivered to the Company by
Samsung and seeks $1.1 million in damages for breach of contract. The Company
believes that the complaint is without merit and intends to defend the action
vigorously.
Due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation management is not able to
reasonably estimate losses that may be incurred in relation to the Samsung
litigation or other disputes.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None
9 of 35
<PAGE> 10
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
(a) The Common Stock is traded in the over-the-counter market on the Nasdaq
National Market under the symbol "CATS." The following table sets forth
the high and low closing sales price for the Common Stock as reported on
the Nasdaq National Market for each calendar quarter of the last two
fiscal years.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HIGH LOW
--------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Fiscal 1996
Quarter ended June 30, 1995..................... 5 5/8 3 13/16
Quarter ended September 30, 1995................ 10 7/8 4 5/8
Quarter ended December 31, 1995................. 9 6
Quarter ended April 30, 1996.................... 6 7/16 4 7/16
Fiscal 1997
Quarter ended July 31, 1996..................... 8 1/2 4 3/4
Quarter ended October 31, 1996 ................ 6 7/8 4 5/8
Quarter ended January 31, 1997 ................. 4 3/4 2 1/8
Quarter ended April 30, 1997.................... 3 1/16 1 1/2
</TABLE>
(b) On May 3, 1997 there were approximately 167 registered holders of record
of the Company's Common Stock.
(c) No cash dividends have been declared or paid by the Company on the Common
Stock and the Company does not anticipate paying any such dividends in
the foreseeable future.
10 of 35
<PAGE> 11
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
---------------------------------------------------------
APRIL 30, MARCH 31,
--------------------- --------------------------------
1997 1996(1)2) 1995(2) 1994(2) 1993
-------- --------- ------- --------- ---------
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net revenues $ 47,094 $ 60,186 $ 48,764 $ 54,252 $ 33,400
Cost of revenues 36,720 42,199 33,910 54,755 23,864
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Gross profit (loss) 10,374 17,987 14,854 (503) 9,536
Operating expenses:
Research and development 5,771 4,407 4,252 6,464 4,689
Selling, general and administrative 8,437 9,733 8,263 14,856 6,486
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from operations (3,834) 3,847 2,339 (21,823) (1,639)
Interest income (expense), net (205) (225) (223) 339 (121)
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income (loss) before income taxes (4,039) 3,622 2,116 (21,484) (1,760)
Income tax provision -- 48 94 122 35
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net income (loss) $ (4,039) $ 3,574 $ 2,022 $(21,606) $ (1,795)
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Net income (loss) per share
(pro forma, unaudited, for 1993) $ (0.51) $ 0.44 $ 0.28 $ (3.55) $ (0.48)
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Weighted average common shares
and equivalents (pro forma, unaudited, for 1993) 7,918 8,144 7,319 6,079 3,704
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
APRIL 30, MARCH 31,
----------------------- -------------------------------
1997 1996(1)(2) 1995 1994 1993
---------- ---------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,695 $ 2,966 $ 5,246 $ 4,965 $ 970
Total current assets 28,646 36,225 26,587 25,343 16,950
Total assets 32,553 39,275 30,817 30,632 21,404
Total current liabilities 16,631 21,194 20,104 23,844 22,318
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations 1,885 571 1,347 82 879
Stockholders' equity (deficit) 14,037 17,510 9,366 6,706 (1,793)
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) See Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2) See Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
11 of 35
<PAGE> 12
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated
financial statements and notes thereto included in this annual report. In
addition, the Company desires to take advantage of the "safe harbor" provisions
of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Specifically, the
Company wishes to alert readers that the factors set forth in "Certain Factors
that May Affect the Company's Future Results" as set forth below in this Item 7,
as well as other factors, in the past have affected and in the future could
affect the Company's actual results, and could cause the Company's results for
future quarters to differ materially from those expressed in any forward looking
statements made by or on behalf of the Company.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FISCAL YEAR ENDED APRIL 30, 1997 COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR ENDED APRIL 30, 1996
Revenues. Total revenues consist primarily of net product sales. A
substantial portion of net product sales has been made through independent
distributors. Revenue from product sales to original equipment manufacturers and
from sales to distributors, who have no, or limited, product return rights and
no price protection rights, is recognized upon shipment net of allowances for
estimated returns. When distributors have rights to return all products and
price protection, the Company defers revenue recognition until the distributor
sells the product. Total revenues decreased by 22% to $47.1 million in fiscal
1997 from $60.2 million in fiscal 1996. The decrease was primarily attributable
to price erosion caused by excess supply and other adverse industry-wide
conditions. The Company's backlog as of April 30, 1997 was its highest
end-of-quarter backlog since April 30, 1996. This improved backlog position
notwithstanding, the Company is still reliant upon a significant amount of turns
orders to meet or exceed its current revenue levels. This has limited the
Company's ability to anticipate future demand. A continuation of weak demand and
price erosion for the Company's products could lead to continued poor operating
results. International sales contributed 65% of net product sales in fiscal 1997
as compared to 60% in fiscal 1996.
Gross Profit. Gross profit decreased by 42% to $10.4 million in fiscal 1997
from $18.0 million in fiscal 1996. The decrease was primarily attributable to
price erosion caused by excess supply and other adverse industry-wide
conditions. Lower cost versions of the Company's Serial and Parallel EEPROMs,
produced on 0.8 micron processes, and Flash memory devices, produced on 0.6
micron processes, are currently in design or already released to production.
Reductions in product cost are expected in the July 1997 quarter, when the new
lower cost EEPROM and Flash memory products are expected to begin shipping to
customers.
Research and Development. Research and development ("R&D") expenses consist
principally of salaries for engineering, technical and support personnel,
depreciation of equipment, and the cost of wafers used to evaluate new products
and new versions of current products. R&D expenses increased 31% to $5.8 million
in fiscal 1997 from $4.4 million in fiscal 1996. As a percentage of revenues,
R&D expenses increased to 12% from 7%. The increase was primarily attributable
to increases in R&D personnel costs, facility costs (related to the Company's
move into a new facility in August 1996), depreciation expense, other outside
services (primarily the Company's independent contractors for engineering
services in Romania) and higher material costs for wafers being used to evaluate
new products and new versions of current products.
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative
("SG&A") expenses consist principally of salaries for sales, marketing and
administrative personnel, commissions, promotional activities and directors and
officers ("D&O") insurance. SG&A expenses decreased 13% to $8.4 million in
fiscal 1997 from $9.7 million in fiscal 1996. This decrease was primarily
attributable to decreases in commissions due to lower revenues and personnel
costs. As a percentage of revenues, SG&A expenses increased to 18% from 16%.
This increase was attributable to absolute spending decreasing at a rate lower
than the revenue decrease.
Net Interest Expense. Net interest expense was $205,000 in fiscal 1997, as
compared to $225,000 in fiscal 1996. Increased borrowings were offset by
increased balances in interest bearing cash accounts.
Income Tax Provision. As a result of the Company's loss, the provision for
income taxes decreased from $48,000 in fiscal 1996 to zero in fiscal 1997.
As of April 30, 1997 the Company had available net operating loss
carryforwards of approximately $21.0 million and credit carryforwards of
approximately $1.0 million for federal tax purposes, expiring from 2001 to 2008.
Availability of the net operating loss and general business credit carryforwards
may potentially be reduced in the event of substantial changes in equity
ownership.
12 of 35
<PAGE> 13
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
FISCAL YEAR ENDED APRIL 30, 1996 COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1995
Revenues. Total revenues increased by 23% to $60.2 million in fiscal 1996
from $48.8 million in fiscal 1995. The increase was primarily attributable to
increased revenue from Flash memory devices which generated $19.6 million in
fiscal 1996 as compared to $6.7 million in fiscal 1995. The increase in Flash
revenues was primarily attributable to higher unit volumes. During the fourth
quarter of fiscal 1996, three distributors agreed to amend their agreements and
thereby waive price protection and certain return rights resulting in
recognition of revenue previously deferred of approximately $2.4 million. In the
fourth quarter of fiscal 1996, the Company experienced a decrease in demand for
its products due primarily to industry-wide capacity increases and shorter
leadtimes on orders. International sales contributed 60% of net product sales in
fiscal 1996 as compared to 61% in fiscal 1995.
Gross Profit. Gross profit increased by 21% to $18 million in fiscal 1996
from $14.9 million in fiscal 1995. The improvement in fiscal 1996 gross profits
is primarily attributable to increased revenue levels. Excluding the effect of
the fiscal 1994 nonrecurring charges (See Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements), fiscal 1996 gross profit was higher primarily due to
higher revenue levels and higher margins on its Flash memory devices due to
manufacturing on a lower cost, 0.7 micron process. If the Flash inventory costs
had not been written down in fiscal 1994, then the gross profit would have been
$2.2 million and $5.3 million lower in fiscal 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist
principally of salaries for engineering, technical and support personnel,
depreciation of equipment, and the cost of wafers used to evaluate new products
and new versions of current products. R&D expenses increased to $4.4 million in
fiscal 1996 from $4.3 million in fiscal 1995. As a percentage of revenues, R&D
expenses decreased to 7% from 9%. Despite a relatively low increase in absolute
spending for R&D, the Company has significantly increased headcount for R&D
through the use of an independent contractor in Romania (see Item 1).
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative
expenses consist principally of salaries for sales, marketing and administrative
personnel, commissions, promotional activities and directors and officers
insurance. SG&A expenses increased to $9.7 million in fiscal 1996 from $8.3
million in fiscal 1995. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in
commissions (due to higher revenues) and royalties. As a percentage of revenues,
SG&A expenses decreased to 16% from 17%. This decrease was attributable to
absolute spending increasing at a rate lower than the revenue increase.
Net Interest Expense. Net interest expense was $225,000 in fiscal 1996, as
compared to $223,000 in fiscal 1995. Decreased borrowings were offset by
decreased balances in interest bearing cash accounts.
Income Tax Provision. The income tax provision is due primarily to minor
state and foreign income taxes.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Total cash at April 30, 1997 was $7.9 million (including $5.3 million of
restricted cash), a decrease of $0.3 million from April 30, 1996. The decrease
was primarily attributable to cash used by operations and for the acquisition of
capital equipment, offset in part by borrowings from the Company's bank line of
credit and proceeds from long-term borrowings. As of April 30, 1997, $5.3
million of the total cash was pledged as security on letters of credit required
by certain of the Company's wafer foundries. Net cash used by operating
activities totaled $3.0 million in fiscal 1997. This use of cash was primarily
attributable to a decrease in accounts payable and the Company's net loss for
the year, offset in part by decreased inventory and accounts receivable
balances.
On June 19, 1997, the Company entered into an agreement with a bank for the
provision of a revolving line of credit which expires on June 19, 1998 and
replaced the line of credit which existed at April 30, 1997. Under the terms of
the agreement, the Company can borrow the lesser of $13.5 million or an amount
determined by a formula applied to eligible accounts receivable, local inventory
and backlog from certain foreign customers at a variable interest rate of prime
plus 2.25%. The agreement contains restrictive covenants. The Company borrowed
$3.5 million under the new line of credit on July 1, 1997, a portion of which
was used to fully repay the Company's existing line of credit.
The Company believes that current cash balances, together with cash generated
from operations and borrowings available under the Company's new bank line of
credit and from equipment financing, will be sufficient to fund capital and
working capital needs through fiscal 1998. Thereafter, the Company may require
additional equity or debt financing to address its working capital needs, to
provide funding for capital expenditures or to fund increases to restricted cash
requirements. There
13 OF 35
<PAGE> 14
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
can be no assurances, however, that events in the future will not require the
Company to seek additional capital sooner or, if so required, that it will be
available on terms acceptable to the Company.
CERTAIN FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT THE COMPANY'S FUTURE RESULTS
The Company desires to take advantage of certain provisions of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, enacted in December 1995 (the "Reform
Act") that provides a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements made by or on
behalf of the Company. The Company hereby cautions stockholders, prospective
investors in the Company and other readers that the following important factors,
among others, in some cases have affected, and in the future could affect, the
Company's stock price or cause the Company's actual results for the fiscal year
ending April 30, 1998, for the fiscal quarter ending July 31, 1997, and future
fiscal years and quarters to differ materially from those expressed in any
forward-looking statements, oral or written, made by or on behalf of the
Company.
The Company's business and future operating results are subject to potential
fluctuations due to a number of factors including the following:
Fluctuations in Operating Results. The Company's operating results may be
adversely affected or otherwise fluctuate in future quarters due to factors such
as timing of new product introductions and announcements by the Company and its
competitors, changes in product mix, fluctuations in customer demand for the
Company's products, volatility in supply and demand affecting market prices
generally (such as the Company experienced in fiscal 1997), increased expenses
associated with new product introductions or process changes, fluctuations in
manufacturing yields, wafer price increases due to foreign currency fluctuations
and general economic conditions.
Dependence on Independent Foreign Manufacturers; Manufacturing Risks. The
Company does not manufacture the semiconductor wafers used for its products. The
Company principally utilizes facilities of OKI in Japan, and is transitioning
manufacturing of certain products to UMC in Taiwan, to fabricate and test the
Company's wafers, and subcontractors in South East Asia to assemble and test
finished integrated circuits. To date, a majority of these wafers and all of the
Company's Flash memory wafers have been manufactured by OKI. The manufacture of
semiconductor products is highly complex and sensitive to a wide variety of
factors, and as is typical in the semiconductor industry the Company's outside
wafer foundries from time to time have experienced lower than anticipated
production yields. While the Company believes it has an adequate wafer supply to
meet its currently anticipated needs, there can be no assurance that the Company
will continue to receive sufficient quantities of wafers at favorable prices on
a timely basis, if at all, or that the Company will be able to attain higher
levels of wafer supply as demand requires. Material disruptions in the supply of
wafers as a result of manufacturing yield or other manufacturing problems are
not uncommon in the semiconductor industry. There can be no assurance that the
Company will not experience such problems in the future. The loss of OKI as a
supplier, the inability to complete the transition to UMC on a timely basis, any
prolonged inability to obtain adequate yields or deliveries from OKI or other
subcontractor manufacturers, or any other circumstance that would require the
Company to seek alternative sources of supply, could delay shipments and have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business and operating results.
Moreover, the inability to procure supplies and services from these foreign
subcontractor manufacturers on commercially reasonable terms as a result of
foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations may have a material adverse effect
on the Company's operating results. The Company has a wafer purchase agreement
with OKI that is based upon the exchange rate between the US dollar and Japanese
Yen. As a result, exchange rate fluctuations will cause the Company's cost per
die to fluctuate in the future and gross profit could be adversely affected. In
addition, the Company's business is subject to other risks generally associated
with doing business with foreign subcontractors including, but not limited to,
foreign government regulations, political and financial unrest which may cause
disruptions or delays in shipments to the Company's customers or access to the
Company's inventories.
New Product Development and Technological Change. The markets for the
Company's products are characterized by rapidly changing technology and product
obsolescence, and the timely introduction of new products is a key factor in the
success of the Company's business. In particular, the Company's future success
will depend on its ability to develop and implement new design and process
technologies which enable the Company to achieve higher product densities. For
example, most of the Company's products are currently designed and manufactured
using a 1.0 micron CMOS EEPROM process or a 0.7 micron Flash memory process.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to select and
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
develop new products and technologies and introduce them to the market in a
timely manner and with acceptable fabrication yields and production costs. The
Company is currently working on major transitions in design and process
technologies. These transitions are to change certain EEPROM products from 1.0
micron to 0.8 micron designs, Flash memory products from 0.7 micron to 0.6
micron designs and the development of new Flash memory products on 0.5 micron
designs at UMC. Delays in developing new products, achieving volume production
of new products, successfully completing technology
14 of 35
<PAGE> 15
transitions or the lack of commercial acceptance of new products introduced by
the Company, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Future Capital Needs. The Company has had limited cash resources in recent
periods and operating activities have consumed significant amounts of cash.
However, the Company believes that substantial investments in research and
development and sales and marketing expenses are essential to revenue growth and
to maintain and enhance the Company's competitive position. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to generate sufficient cash from
operations or other sources to fund these investments. Moreover, there can be no
assurance that such expenditures will result in successful product introductions
or increased revenues. Although certain expenses can be managed or controlled on
a short term basis, a substantial portion of such expenses are essentially fixed
on a quarter to quarter basis. As a result, to the extent the Company suffers
adverse effects to its revenues or margins because of delays in new product
introductions, price competition or other competitive factors, the Company may
be unable to take actions in the short term to substantially reduce expenses.
Moreover, in the event that the Company may undertake such actions to further
reduce expense levels and cash requirements, such actions could adversely affect
the Company's operations and future operating results. If the Company is unable
to generate sufficient cash to fund research and development investments and
sales and marketing expenditures, the Company may need to seek additional funds.
There can be no assurance that such funding will be available at favorable
terms, if at all.
Flash Memory Market. The market for Flash memory products has been
characterized by intense price competition, long production cycles, inconsistent
yields, competing technologies and intense overall competition. The Company's
fiscal 1997 operating results were adversely affected by intense price
competition caused by increased supplies of products and other adverse
industry-wide conditions. In addition, the Company's fiscal 1995 operating
results were adversely affected by lack of market acceptance of its Flash memory
products particularly when Intel, the dominant supplier in the Flash market,
significantly increased Flash production volume in the second half of fiscal
1994. Intel and other competitors (which include Advanced Micro Devices, Atmel,
Fujitsu, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, SGS-Thomson, Sharp, Texas Instruments and Toshiba)
are expected to further increase Flash memory production. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to sustain the market acceptance for its
Flash memory products. The Company anticipates continued price and other
competitive pressures, which adversely affected fiscal 1997 and 1995 operating
results and could further adversely affect the Company's future operating
results.
Competition. The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and
characterized by price erosion, rapid technological change, product obsolescence
and patent litigation. The Company competes with major domestic and
international semiconductor companies, most of whom have substantially greater
financial, technical, marketing and distribution resources than the Company.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully
in the future.
Semiconductor Industry. The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and has
been subject to significant economic downturns at various times, characterized
by diminished product demand, accelerated erosion of average selling prices and
production overcapacity. Accordingly, the Company may experience substantial
period to period fluctuations in future operating results due to general
semiconductor industry conditions, overall economic conditions or other factors.
For example, the Company experienced accelerated erosion of average selling
prices caused by adverse industry-wide conditions in fiscal 1997 and a quick
evaporation of demand for the Company's Flash products in the latter half of
fiscal 1994.
Dependence on Proprietary Technology; Risk of Intellectual Property
Litigation. In the semiconductor industry it is typical for companies to receive
notices from time to time that allege infringement of patents or other
intellectual property rights of others. There can be no assurance that the
Company will not receive any such notification or that proceedings alleging
infringement of intellectual property rights will not be commenced against the
Company in the future. In such event, there can be no assurances that the
Company could obtain any required licenses of third party intellectual property
rights or could obtain such licenses on commercially reasonable terms. Failure
to obtain such a license in any event could require the Company to cease
production of its products until the Company develops a non-infringing design or
process. Moreover, the cost of litigation of any such claim or damages resulting
therefore could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
International Operations. In fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995, international sales
accounted for 65%, 60% and 61%, respectively, of the Company's product sales.
The Company expects that international sales will continue to represent a
significant portion of its product sales in the future. The Company's
international operations may be adversely affected by fluctuations in exchange
rates, imposition of government controls, political and financial instability,
trade restrictions, changes in regulatory requirements, difficulties in staffing
international operations and longer payments cycles. There can
15 of 35
<PAGE> 16
be no assurance these or other factors related to international operations will
not have a material adverse affect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Takeover Resistive Measures. The Company's Stockholder Rights Plan, which
provides stockholders with certain rights to acquire shares of Common Stock in
the event of a third party acquires more than 15% of the Company's stock, could
have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company.
Volatility of Stock Price. The Company's stock price has been and may
continue to be subject to significant volatility. Any shortfall in revenues or
earnings from levels expected or projected by securities analysts or others
could have an immediate and significant adverse effect on the trading price of
the Company's Common Stock in any given period. In addition, the stock market in
general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations particularly
affecting the market prices for many high technology companies, and these
fluctuations have often been unrelated to the operating performance of the
specific companies. These broad fluctuations may adversely affect the market
price for the Company's Common Stock.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
(a) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See index to Financial Statements on page 19 hereof.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information relating to the Company's directors required by this item is
incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled "Proposal 1 -- Election
of Directors" in the 1997 Proxy Statement. Information relating to the Company's
executive officers required by this item appears in "Item 1 -- Executive
Officers and Key Personnel" of this report. Additional information relating to
the Company's directors and executive officers required by this item is
incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled "Additional Information
- -- Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act" in the 1997
Proxy Statement.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to
the sections entitled "Proposal 1 -- Election of Directors - Compensation of
Directors" and "Additional Information - Executive Compensation" in the 1997
Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to
the sections entitled "Additional Information - Security Ownership" in the 1997
Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the
sections entitled " Additional Information - Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions" in the 1997 Proxy Statement.
16 of 35
<PAGE> 17
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a)(1)FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See Index to Financial Statements on page 19 hereof
(a)(2)FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
See Item 14 (a)(1) above. Schedules other than those included in referenced
Index have been omitted because they are not required or are not applicable.
(a)(3)EXHIBITS
*3.2 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant.
*3.4 Bylaws of Registrant.
*****4.1 Preferred Shares Rights Agreement, dated as of December 3,
1996, between Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc. and First National
Bank of Boston, including the Certificate of Designation of
Rights, Preferences and Privileges of Series A Participating
Preferred Stock, the Form of Rights Certificate and the Summary
of Rights attached thereto as Exhibits A, B and C respectively.
*10.3 Stock Purchase Agreement dated March 31, 1992 between Kamlesh
Kumari and the Registrant, together with Promissory Note and
Guarantee by B.K. Marya.
*10.5 Series C Preferred Stock Purchase Warrant dated April 27, 1990
between Arrow Electronics and the Registrant.
*10.6 Registration Rights Agreement dated April 30, 1992 between the
Registrant and the holders listed therein.
*10.7 Stock Option Plan, as amended, including forms of Stock Option
Agreement.
*10.8 1993 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
*10.9 1993 Director Stock Option Plan.
*10.12 Distributor Agreement dated February 1990 between Arrow
Electronics, Inc. and the Registrant.
*10.14 Distributor Agreement dated June 30, 1986 between the
Registrant and Marubun Corporation.
*10.15 Irrevocable License Agreement dated May 8, 1988 between Seiko
Instruments, Inc. and the Registrant.
*10.16 64 KBIT CMOS EEPROM, 1M BIT CMOS EEPROM and 256 KBIT CMOS
EEPROM Consulting and Design Work Agreement dated March 26,
1986 between OKI Electric Industry Co., Ltd. and the
Registrant.
*10.17 FLASH EEPROM Development and License Agreement dated July 18,
1988 between OKI Electric Co., Ltd. and the Registrant.
*10.18 4M FLASH Development and License Agreement dated May 27, 1992
between OKI Electric Co., Ltd. and the Registrant.
*10.27 Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by Registrant
with each of its directors and executive officers.
**10.34 Wafer Supply Agreement dated February 24, 1995 between OKI
Electric Industry Co., Ltd. and the Registrant.
***10.36+ License Agreement dated August 18, 1995 between Intel
Corporation and the Registrant
****10.38 Standard Industrial Lease dated March 22, 1996 between Marin
County Employees Retirement Association and the Registrant.
****10.39+ Master Agreement dated February 7, 1996 between United
Microelectronics Corporation and the Registrant.
****10.41+ Amendment dated May 20, 1996 to the Wafer Supply Agreement
dated February 24, 1994 between OKI Electric Industry Co., Ltd.
and the Registrant.
****10.42 Separation and Consulting Agreements dated August 14, 1995
between B.K. Marya and the Registrant.
****10.43 Separation and Consulting Agreements dated August 30, 1995
between Donald B. Witmer and the Registrant.
****10.44 Employment Agreement dated April 25, 1995 between Christopher
Carstens and the Registrant.
****10.45 Employment Agreement dated August 14, 1995 between C. Michael
Powell and the Registrant.
****10.46 Employment Agreement dated October 14, 1995 between Radu Vanco
and the Registrant.
****10.47 Loan Agreement and Loan Forgiveness Agreement dated
September 7, 1995 between C. Michael Powell and the Registrant.
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<PAGE> 18
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
****10.48 Loan Forgiveness Agreement dated March 12, 1996 between Radu
Vanco and the Registrant.
*21.1 List of Subsidiaries of Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Independent Accountants.
* Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1 filed with the Commission on May 11, 1993 (File No. 33-60132), as amended.
**Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed for the year
ended March 31, 1995.
*** Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed for the
quarter ended September 30, 1995.
****Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed for the year
ended April 30, 1996.
*****Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to the Registrant's Form 8-A filed
on January 22, 1997.
+Confidential treatment has been granted as to a portion of this Exhibit. Such
portion has been redacted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
(b) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
There were no reports on Form 8-K filed during the quarter ended April 30, 1997.
18 of 35
<PAGE> 19
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGES
-----
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Accountants................................................... 21
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, 1997 and 1996 .................... 22
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended April 30, 1997 and
1996 and the year ended March 31, 1995............................................ 23
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended April 30, 1997
and 1996 and the year ended March 31, 1995........................................ 24
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended April 30, 1997 and 1996
and the year ended March 31, 1995................................................. 25
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements........................................... 26-34
</TABLE>
19 of 35
<PAGE> 20
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Santa
Clara and State of California, on July 7, 1997.
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
By: /s/ C. Michael Powell
---------------------------------
C. Michael Powell
Chairman of the Board of
Directors, President, and
Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears
below constitutes and appoints C. Michael Powell and Daryl E. Stemm, his
attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for him in any and all
capacities, to sign any amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file the
same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that
said attorney-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes may do or cause to be
done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Date: July 7, 1997 By: /s/ C. Michael Powell
------------ ---------------------------------
C. Michael Powell
Chairman of the Board of
Directors, President, and
Chief Executive Officer
Date: July 7, 1997 By: /s/ Daryl E. Stemm
------------ ---------------------------------
Daryl E. Stemm
Vice President of Finance and
Administration and Chief
Financial Officer
Date: July 7, 1997 By: /s/ Radu M. Vanco
------------ ---------------------------------
Radu M. Vanco
Executive Vice President,
Engineering and Director
Date: July 7, 1997 By: /s/ Lionel M. Allan
------------ ---------------------------------
Lionel M. Allan
Director
Date: July 7, 1997 By: /s/ Hideyuki Tanigami
------------ ---------------------------------
Hideyuki Tanigami
Director
Date: July 7, 1997 By: /s/ Patrick Verderico
------------ ---------------------------------
Patrick Verderico
Director
20 of 35
<PAGE> 21
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc.
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related
consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and cash flows
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Catalyst
Semiconductor, Inc. and its subsidiaries at April 30, 1997 and 1996, and the
results of their operations and their cash flows for the years ended April 30,
1997 and 1996 and for the year ended March 31, 1995, in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our
audits of these statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above.
PRICE WATERHOUSE LLP
San Jose, California
June 11, 1997, except as to Note 11,
which is as of July 3, 1997
21 of 35
<PAGE> 22
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value data)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
April 30, April 30,
1997 1996
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents .............................................................. $ 2,695 $ 2,966
Restricted cash ........................................................................ 5,250 5,250
Accounts receivable, net ............................................................... 7,074 10,470
Inventories ............................................................................ 12,732 16,193
Other assets ........................................................................... 895 1,346
-------- --------
Total current assets ............................................................... 28,646 36,225
Property and equipment, net ............................................................... 3,907 3,050
-------- --------
$ 32,553 $ 39,275
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Line of credit .......................................................................... 3,449 130
Accounts payable ....................................................................... 10,942 17,310
Accrued expenses ....................................................................... 1,269 2,132
Deferred gross profit on shipments to distributors ..................................... 378 1,109
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations ........................ 593 513
-------- --------
Total current liabilities .......................................................... 16,631 21,194
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations .............................................. 1,885 571
-------- --------
Total liabilities .................................................................. 18,516 21,765
-------- --------
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 4 and 9)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.001 par value, 2,000 shares authorized;
zero shares issued and outstanding .................................................. -- --
Common stock and paid-in-capital in excess of $.001 par value, 25,000 shares
authorized; 7,989 and 7,790 shares issued and outstanding .......................... 41,829 41,263
Accumulated deficit .................................................................... (27,792) (23,753)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity ......................................................... 14,037 17,510
-------- --------
$ 32,553 $ 39,275
======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
22 of 35
<PAGE> 23
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended
-------------------------------
April 30,
------------------ March 31,
1997 1996 1995
--------- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net revenues ..................................................................... $47,094 $60,186 $48,764
Cost of revenues ................................................................. 36,720 42,199 33,910
------- ------- -------
Gross profit ..................................................................... 10,374 17,987 14,854
Research and development ......................................................... 5,771 4,407 4,252
Selling, general and administrative .............................................. 8,437 9,733 8,263
------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from operations .................................................... (3,834) 3,847 2,339
Interest income (expense), net ................................................... (205) (225) (223)
------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before income taxes ................................................ (4,039) 3,622 2,116
Income tax provision ............................................................. -- 48 94
------- ------- -------
Net income (loss) ............................................................... $(4,039) $ 3,574 2,022
======= ======= =======
Net income (loss) per share ...................................................... (0.51) $ 0.44 $ 0.28
======= ======= =======
Weighted average common shares and equivalents ................................... 7,918 8,144 7,319
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
23 of 35
<PAGE> 24
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COMMON STOCK
---------------------------- ACC-
PAR ADD'L PD.- NOTES UMULATED
SHARES VALUE IN CAPITAL RECEIVABLE DEFICIT TOTAL
------ -------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at March 31, 1994 6,501 $ 7 $ 35,741 $ (400) $(28,642) $ 6,706
Proceeds from issuance of common
stock for employee stock
purchase plan 41 -- 87 -- -- 87
Exercise of stock options 55 -- 73 -- -- 73
Amortization of deferred
compensation -- -- 78 -- -- 78
Proceeds from Note Receivable -- -- -- 400 -- 400
Net income -- -- -- -- 2,022 2,022
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Balance at March 31, 1995 6,597 7 35,979 -- (26,620) 9,366
Exercise of stock options 7 -- 24 -- -- 24
Amortization of deferred
compensation -- -- 7 -- -- 7
Net loss -- -- -- -- (707) (707)
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Balance at April 30, 1995 6,604 7 36,010 -- (27,327) 8,690
Net proceeds from issuance of
common stock to UMC 650 1 3,678 -- -- 3,679
Proceeds from issuance of common
stock for employee stock
purchase plan 29 -- 127 -- -- 127
Exercise of stock options 507 -- 1,359 -- -- 1,359
Amortization of deferred
compensation -- -- 81 -- -- 81
Net income -- -- -- -- 3,574 3,574
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Balance at April 30, 1996 7,790 8 41,255 -- (23,753) 17,510
Proceeds from issuance of common
stock for employee stock
purchase plan 47 -- 120 -- -- 120
Exercise of stock options 152 -- 400 -- -- 400
Amortization of deferred
compensation -- -- 46 -- -- 46
Net income -- -- -- -- (4,039) (4,039)
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Balance at April 30, 1997 7,989 $ 8 $ 41,821 $ -- $(27,792) $ 14,037
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
24 of 35
<PAGE> 25
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended
---------------------------------------
April 30,
------------------- March 31,
1997 1996 1995
------- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss) .............................................................. $(4,039) $ 3,574 $ 2,022
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating
activities:
Depreciation and amortization ................................................ 1,731 1,704 1,531
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable ......................................................... 3,396 (2,545) (4,479)
Inventories ................................................................. 3,461 (9,341) 822
Other assets ................................................................ 451 (642) (198)
Accounts payable ............................................................ (5,179) 8,327 (3,124)
Accrued expenses ............................................................ (863) (2,787) (1,786)
Deferred gross profit on shipments to distributors .......................... (731) 263 97
------- ------- -------
Net cash used in operating activities ..................................... (1,773) (1,447) (5,115)
------- ------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Change in short-term investments ................................................ -- 909 1,143
Cash used for the acquisition of equipment ...................................... (2,734) (1,236) (1,187)
Proceeds from the disposal of equipment ......................................... 146 616 715
------- ------- -------
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities ........................... (2,588) 289 671
------- ------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Common stock transactions, net .................................................. 566 5,248 637
Net proceeds from (payment of) line of credit ................................... 3,319 (3,086) 587
Payment of long-term debt and capital lease obligations ......................... (633) (936) (151)
Proceeds from long-term debt and capital lease obligations ...................... 838 -- 1,902
Change in restricted cash ....................................................... -- -- 1,750
------- ------- -------
Cash provided by financing activities ..................................... 4,090 1,226 4,725
------- ------- -------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents ............................... (271) 68 281
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period .............................. 2,966 2,898 4,965
------- ------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period ..................................... $ 2,695 $ 2,966 $ 5,246
======= ======= =======
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest ...................................................................... $ 541 $ 536 $ 497
======= ======= =======
Income taxes .................................................................. $ 41 $ 51 $ 94
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
25 of 35
<PAGE> 26
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
OPERATIONS
Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc. ("Catalyst" or the "Company"), incorporated
October 8, 1985, designs, develops and markets nonvolatile memory semiconductor
products including Serial and Parallel EEPROMs and Flash memory. Revenues are
derived from sales of semiconductor products designed by the Company and
manufactured by other companies, and from third party development and license
agreements and related royalties.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and
the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
As discussed in Note 10, during fiscal 1996, the Company changed its year end
to the Sunday closest to April 30 from the Saturday closest to March 31. For
purposes of financial statement presentation, the date used is April 30 or March
31, as appropriate.
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Catalyst and
its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have
been eliminated.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION
The functional currency of the Company's Japanese subsidiary is the Japanese
yen. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities are translated at the current
exchange rate at the end of the period and revenues and costs at exchange rates
in effect when incurred. Cumulative translation adjustments and net gains and
losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions were not significant during
any of the periods presented.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue from product sales to original equipment manufacturers and from sales
to distributors, who have no, or limited, product return rights and no price
protection rights, is recognized upon shipment net of allowances for estimated
returns. When distributors have rights to return all products and price
protection, the Company defers revenue recognition until the distributor sells
the product. Upon shipment by the Company, amounts billed to distributors with
rights to product returns and price protection are included as accounts
receivable, inventory is relieved, the sale is deferred and the gross profit is
reflected as a current liability until the merchandise is sold by the
distributors.
Fees on development and license contracts are recognized when the milestones
defined in the contracts have been met and accepted by the customer.
Non-refundable deposits received in connection with development and license
contracts are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the
contracts. Service fees derived from development and license agreements are
recognized as the services are performed. Royalties are recognized when the
licensee sells the related products.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on the first-in,
first-out basis, or market.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated on a straight-line
basis over the estimated economic useful lives of the assets (generally two to
five years). Leasehold improvements are stated at cost and amortized over their
estimated useful lives or the remaining lease term, whichever is shorter.
26 of 35
<PAGE> 27
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a
maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
CONCENTRATION OF RISKS
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations
of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, restricted cash and
accounts receivable. Catalyst invests primarily in money market accounts and
certificates of deposit and places its investments with high quality financial
institutions. The restricted cash is held at a financial institution as
collateral for a letter of credit required by one of the Company's foundries.
The Company's accounts receivable are derived from sales to original equipment
manufacturers and distributors serving a variety of industries located primarily
in the United States, Europe and the Far East and the Company performs ongoing
credit evaluations of these customers. A majority of the accounts payable
balance is payable to a foreign foundry.
INCOME TAXES
The Company computes income tax expense using the liability method. Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of
temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their
reported amounts. Deferred tax assets are reduced, if necessary, by the amount
of tax benefits that, based upon available evidence, are not expected to be
realized.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in
accordance with provisions of Accounting Principles Board ("APB") No. 25,
"Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and complies with the disclosure
provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 123,
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." Under APB No. 25, compensation cost
is recognized based on the difference, if any, on the date of grant between the
fair value of the Company's stock and the amount an employee must pay to acquire
the stock.
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Net income (loss) per common and common equivalent share is computed using
the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares
outstanding during each year presented. Dilutive common equivalent shares
consist of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options (using the
treasury stock method).
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In February 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No.
128, "Earnings Per Share." This statement will be effective for the Company's
fiscal quarter ending January 31, 1998. Under SFAS No. 128, primary earnings per
share is replaced by basic earnings per share and fully diluted earnings per
share is replaced by diluted earnings per share. If the Company had adopted SFAS
No. 128 for the year ended April 30, 1997, basic loss per share and diluted loss
per share would not have differed from the net loss per share presented in the
Statement of Operations because the effect of stock equivalents was
antidilutive. SFAS No. 128 will require the retroactive restatement of all
previously reported amounts upon adoption. If the Company had adopted SFAS No.
128 for the years ended April 30, 1996 and March 31, 1995, diluted earnings per
share would have been $0.44 and $0.28 and basic earnings per share would have
been $0.51 and $0.31, respectively.
27 of 35
<PAGE> 28
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 2 - BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
April 30, April 30,
1997 1996
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Accounts receivable:
Accounts receivable .............................................. $ 7,199 $ 10,570
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts....................... (125) (100)
-------- ---------
$ 7,074 $ 10,470
======== =========
Inventories:
Work-in-process .................................................... $ 5,123 $ 10,464
Finished goods .................................................... 7,609 5,729
-------- ---------
$ 12,732 $ 16,193
======== =========
Property and equipment:
Engineering and test equipment ............................. $ 9,392 $ 9,037
Computer hardware and software ............................ 3,364 3,297
Furniture and office equipment ............................... 1,183 612
--------- ---------
13,939 12,946
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization .......... (10,032) (9,896)
-------- ---------
$ 3,907 $ 3,050
======== =========
</TABLE>
NOTE 3 -DEBT:
Under the terms of a bank revolving line of credit in place at April 30,
1997, the Company could borrow the lesser of $7.5 million or an amount
determined by a formula applied to eligible accounts receivable, at a variable
interest rate equal to the prime lending rate plus 2%. As of April 30, 1997,
$2.2 million of the amount borrowable had been pledged as security for bank
letters of credit. The revolving line of credit is secured by accounts
receivable and inventory and subject to compliance with loan covenants. At April
30, 1997, the Company was not in compliance with certain of the loan covenants.
At April 30, 1997 and 1996 the Company had borrowings of $3.4 million and $0.1
million under credit agreements at interest rates of 10.5% and 8.25%,
respectively. (See Note 11.)
On February 15, 1997, a vendor loaned $1.2 million to the Company in
settlement of billings for assembly and test services totaling the same. The
loan which bears interest at 18% is payable on May 15, 1998.
As of April 30, 1997, the Company owed approximately $683,000 on equipment
loans. The loans which bear interest at 9.57% and 9.87% are payable in fixed
monthly installments through August, 2001.
NOTE 4 - LEASES:
At April 30, 1997 and 1996, the net book value of assets recorded as property
and equipment under capital leases aggregated $0.5 million and $0.6 million, net
of accumulated amortization of $1.2 million and $4.2 million, respectively. The
amortization of assets recorded under capital leases is included with
depreciation and amortization expense.
The Company leases its office facilities under operating leases. Total rent
expense under these leases was $498,000, $412,000 and $448,000 for fiscal 1997,
1996 and 1995, respectively.
28 of 35
<PAGE> 29
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The aggregate future minimum lease payments, by fiscal year, under capital
and non-cancelable operating leases with initial terms of one year or more at
April 30, 1997 are as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Capital Operating
Leases Leases
------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
1998 ................................................. $ 558 $ 393
1999 ................................................. 148 398
2000 ................................................. 66 413
2001 ................................................. 50 413
2002 ................................................. -- 423
Thereafter ........................................... -- 1,942
------ ------
Total minimum payments ............................... 822 $3,982
Less: amount representing interest ................... (87) ======
------
Present value of future minimum capital lease payments 735
Current portion of capital lease obligations ......... (486)
------
Long-term portion of capital lease obligations ....... $ 249
======
</TABLE>
NOTE 5 - INCOME TAXES:
The provision for income taxes for the years ended April 30, 1996 and March
31, 1995 was comprised of minor amounts of current foreign and state income
taxes.
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) are comprised of the following (in
thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
April 30, April 30, March 31,
1997 1996 1995
---------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Deferred income and sales returns reserves... $ 374 $ 546 $ 647
Capitalized research and development......... 102 102 144
Loss carryforwards .......................... 8,497 7,012 6,195
Research and development credit carryover.... 959 959 959
Non deductible reserves ..................... 1,132 939 2,837
Fixed asset reduction ....................... -- 174 867
Other ....................................... 447 361 36
-------- ------- --------
Gross deferred tax assets ................. 11,511 10,093 11,685
Property and equipment and other ............ -- -- (1,195)
-------- ------- --------
Net deferred tax assets ................... 11,511 10,093 10,490
Valuation allowance ......................... (11,511) (10,093) (10,490)
-------- ------- --------
$ -- $ -- $ --
======== ======= ========
</TABLE>
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax
determined by applying the applicable statutory federal income tax rate to
pretax income (loss) as a result of the following differences:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended
April 30, April 30, March 31,
1997 1996 1995
--------- --------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Statutory federal tax rate ........................ (34)% 34% 34%
State income taxes ................................ -- 1 3
Foreign income and withholding taxes............... -- 1 1
Realized deferred tax assets previously reserved... -- (34) (34)
Tax benefits not currently recognized ............. 34 -- --
-- -- --
--- --- ---
Effective tax rate ....................... --% 2% 4%
=== === ===
</TABLE>
29 of 35
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
<PAGE> 30
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Tax loss carryforwards at April 30, 1997 are approximately $21.0 million for
federal purposes. These carryforwards begin to expire in fiscal 2007. The
research and development credits expire in fiscal 2001 to 2008. Availability of
the net operating loss and credit carryforwards may potentially be reduced in
the event of certain substantial changes in equity ownership.
No provision is made for income taxes relating to potential future
distributions of accumulated earnings from the Company's foreign subsidiary,
which at April 30, 1997 were not significant, since it is the Company's
intention to reinvest substantially all of the undistributed earnings in its
foreign operations.
NOTE 6 - STOCK PLANS:
STOCK OPTION PLANS
In October 1989, the Company adopted a stock option plan (the "Option Plan")
for incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options. A total of 3.3
million shares of Common Stock have been reserved for issuance under the Option
Plan. Options granted under the Option Plan are for periods not to exceed ten
years. Incentive stock option and non-statutory stock option grants under the
Option Plan must generally be at prices equal to 100% of the fair market value
of the stock at the date of grant. Options generally vest over four year
periods.
During 1993, the Company adopted a Director Stock Option Plan (the "Director
Plan") which provides for the grant of nonstatutory stock options to nonemployee
directors. A total of 220,000 shares of Common Stock have been reserved for
issuance under the Director Plan. Options granted under the Director Plan are
for periods not to exceed five years. Option grants under the Director Plan must
be at prices equal to 100% of the fair market value of the stock at the date of
grant. Options vest over a period of three years. As of April 30, 1997 a total
of 147,000 options at exercise prices ranging from $1.69 to $6.00 per share,
have been granted under the Director Plan, 22,000 of which were exercisable.
During fiscal 1993, the Company issued to certain employees stock options at
prices which gave rise to deferred compensation expense. In connection with the
issuance of these stock options, the Company recorded $316,000 as deferred
compensation and recognized $46,000, $81,000 and $78,000 as compensation expense
for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 respectively. Deferred compensation is presented
as a reduction of stockholders' equity on the balance sheet and is amortized
over the vesting period of these stock options.
30 of 35
<PAGE> 31
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
A summary of activity under the Option Plan and the Director Plan are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Options Weighted
Available Options Avg Price
for Grant Outstanding Per Share
--------- ----------- ----------
(in thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at March 31, 1994...... 336 1,480 $4.97
Granted ....................... (1,871) 1,871 $2.03
Canceled ...................... 1,517 (1,517) $5.24
Exercised ..................... -- (57) $1.59
------ ------
Balance at March 31, 1995...... (18) 1,777 $2.08
Granted ....................... -- --
Canceled ...................... 64 (64) $3.91
Exercised ..................... -- (7) $1.71
------ ------
Balance at April 30, 1995...... 46 1,706 $2.02
Additional shares reserved..... 700 --
Granted ....................... (1,425) 1,425 $5.73
Canceled ...................... 243 (243) $3.00
Exercised ..................... -- (506) $2.17
------ ------
Balance at April 30, 1996...... (436) 2,382 $3.80
Additional shares reserved..... 880 --
Granted ....................... (2,205) 2,205 $2.74
Canceled ...................... 1,970 (1,970) $4.66
Exercised ..................... -- (151) $2.06
------ ------
Balance at April 30, 1997...... 209 2,466 $2.38
====== ======
</TABLE>
The Range of Exercise Prices table below summarizes information regarding stock
options outstanding at April 30, 1997.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Range of Exercise Prices
----------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1.08-1.99 2-3.99 4-5.99 6-6.30 Total
Options Outstanding
Number outstanding 1,055 1,310 78 23 2,466
Weighted-average remaining
contractual life (years) 6.4 9.0 2.7 4.0 7.6
Weighted-average exercise price $1.80 $2.67 $5.13 $6.04 $2.41
Options Exercisable
Number exercisable 556 425 46 9 1,036
Weighted-average exercise price $1.87 $2.70 $5.18 $6.09 $2.39
</TABLE>
In November 1996, the Board of Directors offered employee holders of options
the opportunity to cancel such options and receive an equal amount of options
with an exercise price per share equal to the then current fair market value. As
a result, options to purchase approximately 1.4 million shares were canceled and
an equal number were granted at an exercise price of $2.69.
31 of 35
<PAGE> 32
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
OTHER STOCK PLANS
The Board of Directors and Stockholders approved the Company's Employee Stock
Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan") in March 1993. A total of 250,000 shares of
Common Stock have been reserved for issuance under the Purchase Plan. Sales made
through this plan will be at the lower of 85% of the market price at the date of
purchase or on the first day of each six-month offering period. As of April 30,
1997 a total of 141,000 shares have been issued under the Purchase Plan.
PRO FORMA STOCK COMPENSATION DISCLOSURE
The Company has elected to continue to apply APB Opinion 25 in accounting for
its stock option plans. Accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized
for its stock option plans and its Purchase Plan. Had compensation cost for the
Company's stock-based compensation plans been determined based on the fair value
at the grant dates for awards under those plans consistent with the method of
SFAS 123, the Company's net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share would
have been reduced to the pro forma amounts below (in thousands, except per share
amounts):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
--------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income (loss) As reported $ (4,039) $ 3,574
Pro forma $ (5,750) $ 3,072
Net income (loss) per share As reported $ (0.51) $ 0.44
Pro forma $ (0.73) $ 0.38
</TABLE>
The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of grant using
the Black-Scholes option-valuation model with the following weighted-average
assumptions used for options granted in 1997 and 1996, respectively: dividend
yield of 0 percent for both years, expected volatility of 80 percent for both
years, risk free interest rates of 6.12 and 5.86, and expected lives of 3 years
for non-officer/director employees and 4 years for officers and directors for
both years.
The fair value of each share granted under the Purchase Plan is estimated on
the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-valuation model with the
following weighted-average assumptions used for shares granted in 1997 and 1996,
respectively: dividend yield of 0 percent for both years, expected volatility of
86 and 80 percent, risk free interest rates of 5.32 and 5.43, and expected lives
of 0.5 years for non-officer/director employees and officers and directors for
both years.
The above pro forma amounts include compensation expense based on the fair
value of options vesting during the years ended April 30, 1997 and 1996 and
exclude the effects of options granted prior to May 1, 1995. Accordingly, the
above pro forma net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share are not
representative of the effects of computing stock option compensation expense
using the fair value method for future periods.
NOTE 7 - INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS:
Revenues from export sales were as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended
----------------------------------------
April 30, April 30, March 31,
1997 1996 1995
--------- --------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Japan...................................................... $ 9,321 $ $ 9,733 $ 6,810
Other Far East ............................................ 10,771 13,453 9,281
Europe .................................................... 9,501 12,672 12,445
------- ------- -------
Total export sales ..................................... $29,593 $35,858 $28,536
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
The Company sells product to its Japanese distributor, which is also a
stockholder. Revenue from this stockholder represented $6.5 million, $7.3
million and $5.7 million or approximately 14%, 12% and 12% of product sales for
the years ended April 30, 1997 and 1996 and March 31, 1995, respectively. No
other customer accounted for 10% or more of product sales.
32 of 35
<PAGE> 33
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Sales and purchase transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars, except for
certain sales and purchases which were denominated in Japanese yen and which
were insignificant for the years ended April 30, 1997 and 1996 and March 31,
1995. Certain test equipment, with a net book value of approximately $0.9
million, $0.9 million and $1.5 million at April 30, 1997 and 1996 and March 31,
1995, respectively, is located at a foreign subcontractor's facilities. Except
for such equipment, the Company has no significant assets located outside of the
U.S.
NOTE 8 - SIGNIFICANT EVENTS:
During fiscal 1996 and 1995, the Company's operating results were favorably
impacted by the sale of Flash memory products for which the costs had been
written-down to an estimated net realizable value of zero at the end of fiscal
1994. If the costs had not been written-down in fiscal 1994, then cost of sales
would have been $2.2 million and $5.3 million higher than the amounts reported
for fiscal 1996 and 1995, respectively. During the fourth quarter of fiscal
1996, three distributors agreed to amend their agreements and thereby waive
price protection and certain return rights, resulting in recognition of revenue
previously deferred of approximately $2.4 million.
In connection with a court approved settlement agreement related to class
action complaints filed against the Company, the Company recorded a benefit of
$800,000 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 1995 related to the excess of
previously recorded legal accruals over the actual costs of this litigation.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 1995, the Company accrued $600,000 related
to allegations that certain of the Company's products infringed upon patents
held by a competitor. The accrual was sufficient to meet the requirements of the
resultant licensing agreement.
During fiscal year 1996, the Company signed an agreement with United
Microelectronics Corporation (UMC) of Taiwan. Under the terms of this agreement
the Company received a significant commitment of wafers from UMC in exchange for
rights to certain of the Company's designs. In addition, the Company received
net proceeds of $3.7 million from the sale of 650,000 shares of common stock to
UMC.
NOTE 9 - LITIGATION:
On May 22, 1996, Samsung Semiconductor filed a complaint against the Company
in the Superior Court for the County of Santa Clara. The complaint alleges that
the Company failed to pay for integrated circuits delivered to the Company and
seeks $1.1 million in damages for breach of contract. The Company believes that
the complaint is without merit and intends to defend the action vigorously.
Due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation management is not able to
reasonably estimate losses that may be incurred in relation to the Samsung
litigation or other disputes.
NOTE 10 - CHANGE IN FISCAL YEAR:
In February 1996, the Company changed its fiscal year end from March 31 to
April 30 of each year. The first such fiscal year began on May 1, 1995 and ended
on April 30, 1996. The following is condensed data regarding the consolidated
results of operations for the transition period of April 1, 1995 to April 30,
1995 (in thousands, except per share data):
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
Net revenues $ 1,476
Gross profit 229
Net loss (707)
Net loss per share (.11)
</TABLE>
33 of 35
<PAGE> 34
CATALYST SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW:
<S> <C>
Net cash used in operating activities $ (960)
Net cash used in investing activities (37)
Net cash used in financing activities (1,351)
--------
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (2,348)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 5,246
--------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 2,898
========
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Net loss $ (707)
Depreciation and amortization 133
Increase in current assets (299)
Decrease in current liabilities (87)
--------
Net cash used in operating activities $ (960)
========
</TABLE>
NOTE 11 - SUBSEQUENT EVENT:
On June 19, 1997, the Company entered into an agreement with a bank for the
provision of a revolving line of credit which expires on June 19, 1998 and
replaced the line of credit which existed at April 30, 1997. Under the terms of
the agreement, the Company can borrow the lesser of $13.5 million or an amount
determined by a formula applied to eligible accounts receivable, local inventory
and backlog from certain foreign customers at a variable interest rate of prime
plus 2.25%. The agreement contains restrictive covenants. The Company borrowed
$3.5 million under the new line of credit on July 1, 1997, a portion of which
was used to fully repay the Company's existing line of credit.
34 of 35
<PAGE> 35
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibt
No. Document
---- --------
*3.2 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant.
*3.4 Bylaws of Registrant.
*****4.1 Preferred Shares Rights Agreement, dated as of December 3,
1996, between Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc. and First National
Bank of Boston, including the Certificate of Designation of
Rights, Preferences and Privileges of Series A Participating
Preferred Stock, the Form of Rights Certificate and the Summary
of Rights attached thereto as Exhibits A, B and C respectively.
*10.3 Stock Purchase Agreement dated March 31, 1992 between Kamlesh
Kumari and the Registrant, together with Promissory Note and
Guarantee by B.K. Marya.
*10.5 Series C Preferred Stock Purchase Warrant dated April 27, 1990
between Arrow Electronics and the Registrant.
*10.6 Registration Rights Agreement dated April 30, 1992 between the
Registrant and the holders listed therein.
*10.7 Stock Option Plan, as amended, including forms of Stock Option
Agreement.
*10.8 1993 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
*10.9 1993 Director Stock Option Plan.
*10.12 Distributor Agreement dated February 1990 between Arrow
Electronics, Inc. and the Registrant.
*10.14 Distributor Agreement dated June 30, 1986 between the
Registrant and Marubun Corporation.
*10.15 Irrevocable License Agreement dated May 8, 1988 between Seiko
Instruments, Inc. and the Registrant.
*10.16 64 KBIT CMOS EEPROM, 1M BIT CMOS EEPROM and 256 KBIT CMOS
EEPROM Consulting and Design Work Agreement dated March 26,
1986 between OKI Electric Industry Co., Ltd. and the
Registrant.
*10.17 FLASH EEPROM Development and License Agreement dated July 18,
1988 between OKI Electric Co., Ltd. and the Registrant.
*10.18 4M FLASH Development and License Agreement dated May 27, 1992
between OKI Electric Co., Ltd. and the Registrant.
*10.27 Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by Registrant
with each of its directors and executive officers.
**10.34 Wafer Supply Agreement dated February 24, 1995 between OKI
Electric Industry Co., Ltd. and the Registrant.
***10.36+ License Agreement dated August 18, 1995 between Intel
Corporation and the Registrant
****10.38 Standard Industrial Lease dated March 22, 1996 between Marin
County Employees Retirement Association and the Registrant.
****10.39+ Master Agreement dated February 7, 1996 between United
Microelectronics Corporation and the Registrant.
****10.41+ Amendment dated May 20, 1996 to the Wafer Supply Agreement
dated February 24, 1994 between OKI Electric Industry Co., Ltd.
and the Registrant.
****10.42 Separation and Consulting Agreements dated August 14, 1995
between B.K. Marya and the Registrant.
****10.43 Separation and Consulting Agreements dated August 30, 1995
between Donald B. Witmer and the Registrant.
****10.44 Employment Agreement dated April 25, 1995 between Christopher
Carstens and the Registrant.
****10.45 Employment Agreement dated August 14, 1995 between C. Michael
Powell and the Registrant.
****10.46 Employment Agreement dated October 14, 1995 between Radu Vanco
and the Registrant.
****10.47 Loan Agreement and Loan Forgiveness Agreement dated
September 7, 1995 between C. Michael Powell and the Registrant.
<PAGE> 36
****10.48 Loan Forgiveness Agreement dated March 12, 1996 between Radu
Vanco and the Registrant.
*21.1 List of Subsidiaries of Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Independent Accountants.
* Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1 filed with the Commission on May 11, 1993 (File No. 33-60132), as amended.
**Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed for the year
ended March 31, 1995.
*** Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed for the
quarter ended September 30, 1995.
****Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed for the year
ended April 30, 1996.
*****Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to the Registrant's Form 8-A filed
on January 22, 1997.
+Confidential treatment has been granted as to a portion of this Exhibit. Such
portion has been redacted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration
Statements on Form S-8 (No. 33-60132 and 333-10041) of Catalyst Semiconductor,
Inc. of our report dated June 11, 1997, except as to note 11, which is as of
July 3, 1997, appearing on page 21 of this Form 10-K.
PRICE WATERHOUSE LLP
San Jose, California
July 3, 1997
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE BALANCE
SHEETS AS OF APRIL 30, 1997 AND 1996, STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF
CASH FLOWS FOR THE THREE AND TWELVE MONTH PERIODS ENDED APRIL 30, 1997 AND 1996
AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> 3-MOS 3-MOS 12-MOS 12-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> APR-30-1997 APR-30-1996 APR-30-1997 APR-30-1996
<PERIOD-START> FEB-01-1997 FEB-01-1996 MAY-01-1996 MAY-01-1995
<PERIOD-END> APR-30-1997 APR-30-1996 APR-30-1997 APR-30-1996
<CASH> 7,945 7,945 8,216 8,216
<SECURITIES> 0 0 0 0
<RECEIVABLES> 7,199 7,199 10,570 10,570
<ALLOWANCES> 125 125 (100) (100)
<INVENTORY> 12,732 12,732 16,193 16,193
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 28,646 28,646 36,225 36,225
<PP&E> 13,939 13,939 12,946 12,946
<DEPRECIATION> (10,032) (10,032) (9,896) (9,896)
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 32,553 32,553 39,275 39,275
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 16,631 16,631 21,194 21,194
<BONDS> 1,885 1,885 571 571
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
<COMMON> 41,829 41,829 41,263 41,263
<OTHER-SE> (27,792) (27,792) (23,753) (23,753)
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 32,553 32,553 39,275 39,275
<SALES> 9,006 15,860 47,094 60,186
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 9,006 15,860 47,094 60,186
<CGS> 7,027 11,155 36,720 42,199
<TOTAL-COSTS> 7,027 11,155 36,720 42,199
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 3,097 3,629 14,183 14,140
<LOSS-PROVISION> (25) 0 25 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 132 (38) 205 225
<INCOME-PRETAX> (1,225) 1,114 (4,039) 3,822
<INCOME-TAX> (90) 3 0 48
<INCOME-CONTINUING> (1,135) 1,111 (4,039) 3,574
<DISCONTINUED> 0 0 0 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0 0 0 0
<CHANGES> 0 0 0 0
<NET-INCOME> (1,135) 1,111 (4,039) 3,574
<EPS-PRIMARY> (0.14) 0.13 (0.51) 0.44
<EPS-DILUTED> (0.14) 0.13 (0.51) 0.44
</TABLE>
