PROSPECTUS
2,300,000 (TIDES) SM*
GREENFIELD CAPITAL TRUST
6% Convertible Preferred Securities
Term Income Deferrable Equity Securities (TIDES) SM*
(liquidation preference $50 per Convertible Preferred Security)
fully and unconditionally guaranteed by, and convertible into Common Stock of,
GREENFIELD INDUSTRIES, INC.
Distributions payable March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31
This Prospectus relates to the 6% Convertible Preferred Securities, Term
Income Deferrable Equity Securities (TIDES)SM* or (TIDES)SM* (the "Convertible
Preferred Securities"), liquidation preference $50 per Convertible Preferred
Security, which represent undivided beneficial ownership interests in the assets
of Greenfield Capital Trust, a statutory business trust formed under the laws of
the State of Delaware (the "Trust" or the "Issuer"), and the shares of the
common stock, par value $0.01 per share, including the accompanying preferred
stock purchase rights as described herein ("Greenfield Common Stock") of
Greenfield Industries, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Greenfield" or the
"Company"), issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Preferred Securities.
The Convertible Preferred Securities were issued and sold (the "Original
Offering") on April 24, 1996 (the "Original Offering Date") to the Initial
Purchasers (as defined herein, see "Selling Holders") and were simultaneously
sold by the Initial Purchasers in transactions exempt from the registration
requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"),
in the United States to persons reasonably believed by the Initial Purchasers of
the Convertible Preferred Securities to be "qualified institutional buyers" (as
defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act), to certain qualified
institutional buyers acting on behalf of institutional "accredited investors"
(as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (2), (3) or (7) under the Securities Act) and
outside the United States to non-U.S. persons in offshore transactions in
reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act. Greenfield directly or
indirectly owns all the common securities issued by the Trust (the "Common
Securities" and, together with the Convertible Preferred Securities, the "Trust
Securities"). The Issuer exists for the sole purpose of issuing the Trust
Securities and using the proceeds thereof to purchase from Greenfield its 6%
Convertible Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures Due 2016 (the
"Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures") having the terms described herein.
The holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities will have a preference with
respect to cash distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation, redemption
or otherwise over the holders of the Common Securities of the Issuer.
*CS First Boston Corporation has filed an application with the United
States Patent and Trademark offices for the registration of Term Income
Deferrable Equity Securities (TIDES)SM* and TIDES SM* service marks.
FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN CONNECTION WITH
AN INVESTMENT IN THE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES, SEE "RISK FACTORS"
BEGINNING ON PAGE 5.
(Continued on following page)
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION
PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. AN
REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The date of this Prospectus is September 26, 1996.
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(continued from front cover)
The Convertible Preferred Securities and the Greenfield Common Stock
issuable upon conversion thereof (the "Offered Securities") may be offered and
sold from time to time by the holders named herein or by their transferees,
pledgees, donees or their successors (collectively, the "Selling Holders")
pursuant to this Prospectus. The Offered Securities may be sold by the Selling
Holders from time to time directly to purchasers or through agents, underwriters
or dealers. See "Plan of Distribution" and "Selling Holders." If required, the
names of any such agents or underwriters involved in the sale of the Offered
Securities and the applicable agent's commission, dealer's purchase price or
underwriter's discount, if any, will be set forth in an accompanying supplement
to this Prospectus (the "Prospectus Supplement"). The Selling Holders will
receive all of the net proceeds from the sale of the Offered Securities and will
pay all underwriting discounts and selling commissions, if any, applicable to
any such sale. The Company is responsible for payment of all other expenses
incident to the offer and sale of the Offered Securities. The Selling Holders
and any broker/dealers, agents or underwriters which participate in the
distribution of the Offered Securities may be deemed to be "underwriters" within
the meaning of the Securities Act, and any commission received by them and any
profit on the resale of the Offered Securities purchased by them may be deemed
to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. See "Plan
of Distribution" for a description of indemnification arrangements.
Holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities are entitled to receive
cumulative cash distributions at an annual rate of 6% of the liquidation
preference of $50 per Convertible Preferred Security, accruing from the Original
Offering date and payable quarterly in arrears on each March 31, June 30,
September 30 and December 31, commencing June 30, 1996. See "Description of the
Convertible Preferred Securities--Distributions". Pursuant to a guarantee (the
"Guarantee") by Greenfield, the payment of distributions and payments on
liquidation of the Issuer or the redemption of Convertible Preferred Securities,
as described below, but only to the extent of funds of the Trust available
therefor, are guaranteed by Greenfield to the extent described herein.
Greenfield's obligations under the Guarantee are subordinate and junior to all
other liabilities of Greenfield, except any liabilities that may be made PARI
PASSU expressly by their terms, but are PARI PASSU with the most senior
preferred stock issued from time to time, if any, by Greenfield and certain
other related guarantees. See "Description of the Guarantee". If Greenfield
fails to make interest payments on the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures, the Issuer will have insufficient funds to pay distributions on the
Convertible Preferred Securities. The Guarantee does not cover payment of
distributions when the Issuer does not have sufficient funds to pay such
distributions. In such event, the remedy of a holder of Convertible Preferred
Securities is to enforce the rights of the Issuer under the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures held by the Issuer. Greenfield has, however, through the
Guarantee, the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, the Indenture and the
Declaration (each as defined herein), taken together, fully, irrevocably and
unconditionally guaranteed all of the Issuer's obligations under the Convertible
Preferred Securities. The obligations of Greenfield under the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures are subordinate and junior in right of payment to Senior
Indebtedness (as defined herein) of Greenfield. At June 30, 1996, Senior
Indebtedness of Greenfield aggregated approximately $136.2 million. See
"Capitalization". The terms of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures
place no limitation on the amount of Senior Indebtedness that may be incurred by
Greenfield.
Greenfield has the right under the Indenture (as defined herein) for the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures to defer the interest payments due
from time to time on the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures for
successive periods not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters for each such period,
and, as a consequence, quarterly distributions on the Convertible Preferred
Securities would be deferred by the Issuer (but would continue to accumulate
quarterly and accrue interest) until the end of any such interest deferral
period. See "Risk Factors--Option to Extend Interest Payment Period; Tax
Consequences", "Description of the Convertible Preferred
Securities--Distributions" and "Description of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures--Option to Extend Interest Payment Period".
Each Convertible Preferred Security is convertible in the manner described
herein at the option of the holder into shares of Greenfield Common Stock, at
the rate of 1.2121 shares of Greenfield Common Stock for each Convertible
Preferred Security (equivalent to a conversion price of $41.25 per share of
Greenfield Common Stock), subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. See
"Description of the Convertible Preferred Securities--Conversion Rights". The
last reported sale price of Greenfield Common Stock, which is quoted
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under the symbol "GFII" on The Nasdaq Stock Market's National Market ("NNM"), on
September 26, 1996, was $24.25 per share. Whenever Greenfield issues shares of
Greenfield Common Stock upon conversion of the Convertible Preferred Securities,
Greenfield will, subject to certain conditions, issue, together with each share
of Greenfield Common Stock, one Right (as defined herein) entitling the holder
thereof, under certain circumstances, to purchase one one-hundredth of a share
of Series A Preferred Stock. See "Description of the Convertible Preferred
Securities--Conversion Rights".
The Convertible Preferred Securities are effectively redeemable at the
option of the Company, in whole or in part, from time to time, after April 15,
1999, at the prices set forth herein, plus accrued and unpaid distributions
thereon to the date fixed for redemption (the "Redemption Price"). See
"Description of the Convertible Preferred Securities--Optional Redemption". Upon
the repayment of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures at maturity or
upon any acceleration, earlier redemption or otherwise, the proceeds from such
repayment will be applied to redeem the Convertible Preferred Securities and
Common Securities on a PRO RATA basis. In addition, upon the occurrence of
certain events arising from a change in law or a change in legal interpretation,
Greenfield will liquidate the Trust and cause to be distributed to the holders
of the Convertible Preferred Securities, on a PRO RATA basis, Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures or, in certain limited circumstances, will cause the
redemption of the Convertible Preferred Securities in whole at the liquidation
preference of $50 per security plus accrued and unpaid distributions. See
"Description of the Convertible Preferred Securities--Tax Event or Investment
Company Event Redemption or Distribution" and "Description of the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures".
In the event of the liquidation of the Trust, the holders of the
Convertible Preferred Securities will be entitled to receive for each
Convertible Preferred Security a liquidation preference of $50 plus accrued and
unpaid distributions thereon to the date of payment, unless, in connection with
such liquidation, Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures are distributed to
the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities. See "Description of the
Convertible Preferred Securities--Liquidation Distribution Upon Dissolution".
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Greenfield is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and in accordance
therewith files reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "SEC" or the "Commission"). Such reports, proxy statements, and
other information filed by Greenfield can be inspected and copied at the public
reference facilities of the SEC at Room 1024, Judiciary Plaza, 450 Fifth Street,
N.W., Washington, DC 20549, and at the following Regional Offices of the
Commission: 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661-2511;
and Seven World Trade Center, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10048. Copies of
such material may also be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the SEC
at Judiciary Plaza, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20549, at prescribed
rates.
Greenfield has filed with the Commission a Registration Statement on Form
S-3 (herein together with all amendments and exhibits thereto, called the
"Registration Statement") under the Securities Act with respect to the
securities offered by this Prospectus. This Prospectus does not contain all of
the information set forth or incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement and the exhibits and schedules relating thereto, certain portions of
which have been omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the
Commission. For further information with respect to Greenfield and the
securities offered by this Prospectus, reference is made to the Registration
Statement and the exhibits filed or incorporated as a part thereof, which are on
file at the offices of the Commission and may be obtained upon payment of the
fee prescribed by the Commission, or may be examined without charge at the
offices of the Commission. Statements contained in this Prospectus as to the
contents of any documents referred to are necessarily summaries thereof, and, in
each such instance, are qualified in all respects by reference to the applicable
documents filed with the Commission.
No separate financial statements of the Issuer have been included herein.
Greenfield does not consider that such financial statements would be material to
holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities because (i) all of the voting
securities of the Issuer will be owned, directly or indirectly, by Greenfield, a
reporting company under the Exchange Act, (ii) the Issuer has no independent
operations but exists for the sole purpose of issuing securities representing
undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Issuer and investing the
proceeds thereof in Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures issued by
Greenfield and (iii) the obligations of the Issuer under the Trust Securities
are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Greenfield as is described
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herein. See "Description of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures" and
"Description of the Guarantee".
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The following documents filed by Greenfield pursuant to the Exchange Act
(File No. 0-21828) are incorporated in this Prospectus by reference: (a) Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995; (b) Quarterly Reports
on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 1996 and June 30, 1996; (c) the
description of Greenfield's capital stock which is contained in Greenfield's
Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 33-74196); (c)
Greenfield's Registration Statement on Form 8-A, dated February 7, 1996
(relating to the Rights), and the related Current Report on Form 8-K, dated as
of February 6, 1996; (d) Current Report on Form 8-K dated as of January 12,
1996, as amended by Form 8-K/A dated as of January 12, 1996 (relating to the
acquisition of Rule (as defined herein)); and (e) Current Reports on Form 8-K
dated as of April 8, 1996 and April 24, 1996 (relating to the Original
Offering) and as of September 3, 1996 (relating to expected operating results
for the third fiscal quarter of 1996).
All documents filed by Greenfield with the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a),
13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of this Prospectus
and prior to the termination of this offering shall be deemed to be incorporated
by reference in this Prospectus and to be a part of this Prospectus from the
date of filing of such documents.
Any statement contained in a document, all or a portion of which is
incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, or contained in
this Prospectus, shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of
this Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any
subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by
reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so
modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded,
to constitute a part of this Prospectus.
Greenfield will provide without charge to each person to whom a copy of
this Prospectus is delivered, on the written or oral request of such person, a
copy of any or all of the documents referred to above which have been or may
be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any other information
requested thereby as described above under "Available Information". Such
written or oral request should be directed to Greenfield Industries, Inc.,
2743 Perimeter Parkway, Building 100, Suite 100, Augusta, Georgia 30909,
Attention: C. Dianne Steele ((706) 863-7708).
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RISK FACTORS
PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF THE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES SHOULD
CAREFULLY REVIEW THE INFORMATION CONTAINED ELSEWHERE IN THIS PROSPECTUS AND
SHOULD PARTICULARLY CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING MATTERS:
FACTORS RELATING TO THE COMPANY AND THE BUSINESS
RAPID GROWTH. The Company has experienced rapid growth in recent years,
with net sales and net income increasing from $228.8 million and $13.8 million,
respectively, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1993 to net sales and net
income of $420.2 million and $31.5 million, respectively, for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 1995. This growth has been attributable to acquisitions
completed by the Company in recent years, as well as to increased demand for the
Company's products associated with an economic expansion. There can be no
assurance that the Company will continue to grow or that the rapid growth
experienced by the Company in recent years will not divert management resources,
cause disruptions in the management of the Company's business or otherwise have
an adverse effect on the Company.
RELIANCE ON KEY PERSONNEL. The Company is substantially dependent upon the
continued services of a limited number of key personnel, including Paul W.
Jones, President and Chief Executive Officer, Peter K. Hunt, Senior Vice
President--Industrial Products Group, and Gary L. Weller, Senior Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Secretary. The Company does not have employment
agreements with key personnel, including Messrs. Jones, Hunt and Weller. The
loss of the services of key personnel, including Messrs. Jones, Hunt and/or
Weller, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and
results of operations. Additionally, the future success of the Company will
depend, among other factors, on the Company's ability to continue to attract and
retain the necessary qualified managerial personnel.
CYCLICAL INDUSTRY. The markets for the Company's products are cyclical.
During periods of economic expansion, particularly when industrial production is
increasing, the Company generally benefits from increased demand for its
products. Conversely, during recessionary times, the Company is adversely
affected by declines in demand for its products. Although the Company has taken
steps in recent years to reduce the effect on the Company's business of economic
cycles, there can be no assurance that such steps will be successful to prevent
a cyclical decline in demand for the Company's products during periods of
economic slow-downs or recession. See "The Company--General" and "The
Company--Markets and Products".
AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE FUTURE ACQUISITIONS. Since 1986, the Company and
its predecessors have expanded in large part through complementary acquisitions
and have benefited from operating efficiencies achieved through rationalizations
of excess capacity and consolidations of the acquired operations into existing
facilities. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to identify
suitable new acquisition candidates, to consummate any future acquisitions on
favorable terms or to realize operating efficiencies from completed
acquisitions.
EFFECTS OF RECHARACTERIZATION OF THE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES ON
EXISTING CAPITAL RESOURCES. Under the Company's existing senior unsecured
domestic credit facility, the Convertible Preferred Securities are specifically
permitted to be issued regardless of their classification as debt or equity and
are deemed to be equity for purposes of calculating compliance with certain
financial covenants, including a debt-to-capitalization ratio test. For
financial statement purposes, the Convertible Preferred Securities will be
reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet outside of equity and after long-term
debt. For federal income tax purposes, however, the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures are treated as indebtedness and holders of Convertible
Preferred Securities are treated as holding an undivided beneficial interest in
such Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures. See "Federal Income Taxation."
If the Convertible Preferred Securities were to be accounted for as debt, or if
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures were distributed to holders of the
Convertible Preferred Securities upon the occurrence of a Tax Event or an
Investment Company Event (each such term as defined herein) or otherwise, the
Company could be in violation of such financial covenants (depending upon the
aggregate amount of indebtedness then outstanding) and in default under such
senior unsecured domestic credit facility, which default, if not cured or
waived, could have a material adverse effect on the Company. Based upon the
amount of indebtedness currently outstanding, the Company would be in violation
of one financial covenant contained in the Company's senior unsecured domestic
credit facility (relating to a ratio of total liabilities to net worth, as
defined) if the Convertible Preferred Securities were to be accounted for as
debt or if Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures were distributed to
holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities. See "Description of the
Convertible Preferred Securities--Tax Event or Investment Company Event
Redemption or Distribution".
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FACTORS RELATING TO THE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES
SUBORDINATION OF GUARANTEE AND CONVERTIBLE JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES.
Greenfield's obligations under the Guarantee are unsecured, subordinate and
junior in right of payment to all other liabilities of Greenfield, with certain
limited exceptions. The obligations of Greenfield under the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures are subordinate and junior in right of payment to Senior
Indebtedness (as defined herein) of Greenfield. As of June 30, 1996, Greenfield
had approximately $136.2 million principal amount of Senior Indebtedness. See
"Capitalization". There are no terms of the Convertible Preferred Securities,
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures or the Guarantee that limit
Greenfield's ability to incur additional unsecured or secured indebtedness or
liabilities, including indebtedness or liabilities that would rank senior to the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures and the Guarantee. See "Description
of the Guarantee--Status of the Guarantee; Subordination" and "Description of
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures--Subordination".
The ability of the Issuer to pay amounts due on the Convertible Preferred
Securities is wholly dependent upon Greenfield's making payments on the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures as and when required.
OPTION TO EXTEND INTEREST PAYMENT PERIOD; TAX CONSEQUENCES. Greenfield has
the right under the Indenture to defer interest payments from time to time on
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures for successive periods (a
"Deferral Period") not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters for each such period.
Upon the termination of any Deferral Period and the payment of all amounts then
due, Greenfield may select a new Deferral Period, subject to the requirements
described herein. As a consequence, during any such Deferral Period, quarterly
distributions on the Convertible Preferred Securities would be deferred (but
would continue to accrue with interest thereon) by the Issuer. In the event that
Greenfield exercises this right, during such period Greenfield (i) shall not
declare or pay dividends on, make distributions with respect to, or redeem,
purchase or acquire, or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of its
capital stock (other than stock dividends paid by Greenfield which consist of
stock of the same class as that on which the dividend is being paid and other
than redemptions or purchases of any Rights and the declaration of a dividend of
such Rights in the future), (ii) shall not make any payment of interest,
principal or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt
securities issued by Greenfield that rank PARI PASSU with or junior to the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, and (iii) shall not make any
guarantee payments with respect to the foregoing (other than pursuant to the
Guarantee). Prior to the termination of any such Deferral Period, Greenfield may
further extend the Deferral Period; PROVIDED that such Deferral Period, together
with all previous and further extensions thereof, may not exceed 20 consecutive
quarters and that such Deferral Period may not extend beyond the maturity date
of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures. See "Description of the
Convertible Preferred Securities--Distributions" and "Description of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures--Option to Extend Interest Payment
Period".
Should a Deferral Period occur, a holder of a Convertible Preferred
Security will continue to accrue interest income for United States Federal
income tax purposes. As a result, such a holder will be required to include such
interest in gross income for United States Federal income tax purposes in
advance of the receipt of cash, and such holder will not receive the cash from
the Issuer related to such income if such holder disposes of or converts its
Convertible Preferred Securities prior to the record date for payment of
distributions. See "United States Taxation--Potential Extension of Interest
Payment Period and Original Issue Discount".
Greenfield has no current intention of exercising its right to defer
payments of interest. However, should Greenfield elect to exercise such right in
the future, the market price of the Convertible Preferred Securities is likely
to be adversely affected. A holder that disposes of its Convertible Preferred
Securities during a Deferral Period, therefore, might not receive the same
return on its investment as a holder that continues to hold its Convertible
Preferred Securities. In addition, as a result of the existence of Greenfield's
right to defer interest payments, the market price of the Convertible Preferred
Securities (which represent a preferred undivided beneficial interest in the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures) may be more volatile than other
securities on which original issue discount accrues that do not have such
rights.
RIGHTS UNDER THE GUARANTEE. The Guarantee Trustee (as defined herein) holds
the Guarantee for the benefit of the holders of the Convertible Preferred
Securities. The Guarantee guarantees to the holders of the Convertible Preferred
Securities the payment (but not the collection) of (i) any accrued and unpaid
distributions on the Convertible Preferred Securities to the extent of funds of
the Trust available therefor, (ii) the amount payable upon redemption, including
all accrued and unpaid distributions, of the Convertible Preferred Securities
called for redemption by the Issuer, to the extent of funds of the Trust
available therefor and (iii) upon a
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voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up or termination of the Issuer
(other than in connection with a redemption of all of the Convertible Preferred
Securities), the lesser of (a) the aggregate of the liquidation amount and all
accrued and unpaid distributions on the Convertible Preferred Securities to the
date of payment to the extent of funds of the Trust available therefor and (b)
the amount of assets of the Issuer remaining available for distribution to
holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities upon the liquidation of the
Issuer. The holders of a majority in liquidation amount of the Convertible
Preferred Securities have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Guarantee Trustee or
to direct the exercise of any trust or power conferred upon the Guarantee
Trustee under the Guarantee. In the event of a payment default on the
Convertible Preferred Securities, any holder of the Convertible Preferred
Securities may institute a legal proceeding directly against Greenfield to
enforce its rights under the Guarantee without first instituting a legal
proceeding against the Issuer, the Guarantee Trustee or any other person or
entity. If Greenfield were to default on its obligations under the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures, the Issuer would lack available funds for the
payment of distributions or amounts payable on redemption of the Convertible
Preferred Securities or otherwise, and, in each such event, holders of the
Convertible Preferred Securities would not be able to rely upon the Guarantee
for payment of such amounts. Instead, the remedy of holders of the Convertible
Preferred Securities is to enforce the rights of the Issuer under the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures held by the Issuer against Greenfield
pursuant to the terms of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures. Such
holders may also vote to appoint a Special Trustee who shall have the same
rights, powers and privileges of the GFII Trustees (each as defined herein). See
"Description of the Guarantee--Status of the Guarantee; Subordination" and
"Description of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures--Subordination"
herein. The Declaration provides that each holder of Convertible Preferred
Securities by acceptance thereof agrees to the provisions of the Guarantee
(including the subordination provisions thereof) and the Indenture.
TAX EVENT OR INVESTMENT COMPANY EVENT REDEMPTION OR DISTRIBUTION. Upon the
occurrence of a Tax Event or Investment Company Event, Greenfield will, except
in certain limited circumstances, cause the GFII Trustees to liquidate the
Issuer and cause Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures to be distributed
PRO RATA to the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities. In certain
circumstances, Greenfield will have the right to redeem the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures, in whole (but not in part), at par plus accrued and
unpaid interest, in lieu of a distribution of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures, in which event the Convertible Preferred Securities
will be redeemed in whole at the liquidation preference of $50 per Convertible
Preferred Security plus accrued and unpaid distributions. In the case of a Tax
Event, Greenfield may also elect to cause the Convertible Preferred Securities
to remain outstanding and pay Additional Interest (as defined herein) on the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures. See "Description of the Convertible
Preferred Securities--Tax Event or Investment Company Event Redemption or
Distribution" and "Description of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures--General".
Under current United States Federal income tax law, a distribution of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures would not be a taxable event to
holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities. However, if the relevant
Special Event (as defined herein) is a Tax Event which results in the Issuer
being treated as an association taxable as a corporation, the distribution would
likely constitute a taxable event to holders of the Convertible Preferred
Securities. See "United States Taxation--Receipt of Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures or Cash Upon Liquidation of the Issuer".
On March 19, 1996, President Clinton proposed certain tax law changes that
would, among other things, deny interest deductions to corporate issuers of debt
instruments under certain circumstances. These proposals, were they to become
effective, would not deny Greenfield a deduction otherwise available for
interest paid in cash on the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, and
thus would not give rise to a Tax Event. However, there can be no assurance that
subsequent proposals or final legislation will not deny Greenfield a deduction
otherwise available for such interest payments, which in turn could give rise to
a Tax Event, which would permit Greenfield to cause a redemption of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures or a distribution of the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures in liquidation of the Trust, as described more
fully under the caption "Description of the Convertible Preferred
Securities--Tax Event or Investment Company Event Redemption or Distribution".
There can be no assurance as to the market prices for Convertible Preferred
Securities or Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures that may be distributed
in exchange for Convertible Preferred Securities if a dissolution or liquidation
of the Issuer were to occur. Accordingly, the Convertible Preferred Securities
that an investor may purchase or the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures
that a holder of the Convertible Preferred Securities may receive on dissolution
and liquidation of the Issuer, may trade at a discount to the price
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that the investor paid to purchase the Convertible Preferred Securities offered
hereby. Because holders of Convertible Preferred Securities may receive
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures upon the occurrence of a Tax Event or
an Investment Company Event, prospective purchasers of Convertible Preferred
Securities are also making an investment decision with regard to the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures and should carefully review all the information
regarding the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures contained herein. See
"Description of Convertible Preferred Securities--Tax Event or Investment
Company Event Redemption or Distribution" and "Description of Convertible Junior
Subordinated Securities--General".
LIMITED VOTING RIGHTS. Holders of Convertible Preferred Securities will
generally have limited voting rights and, except upon the occurrence of certain
events described herein, will not be entitled to vote to appoint, remove or
replace the Issuer Trustees (as defined herein), the right to which is vested
exclusively in the holder of the Common Securities.
TRADING CHARACTERISTICS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES. The
Convertible Preferred Securities may trade at a price that does not fully
reflect the value of accrued but unpaid distributions. A holder who disposes of
its Convertible Preferred Securities between record dates for payments of
distributions thereon will be required to include accrued but unpaid interest on
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures through the date of disposition
in income as ordinary income (i.e., original issue discount), and to add such
amount to its adjusted tax basis in its PRO RATA share of the underlying
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures deemed disposed of. To the extent the
selling price is less than the holder's adjusted tax basis (which will include,
in the form of original issue discount, all accrued but unpaid interest), a
holder will recognize a capital loss. Subject to certain limited exceptions,
capital losses cannot be applied to offset ordinary income for United States
Federal income tax purposes. See "United States Taxation".
LACK OF PUBLIC MARKET FOR THE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES. There is no
existing trading market for the Convertible Preferred Securities, and there can
be no assurance regarding the future development of a market for the Convertible
Preferred Securities, or the ability of holders of the Convertible Preferred
Securities to sell their Convertible Preferred Securities or the price at which
such holders may be able to sell their Convertible Preferred Securities. If such
a market were to develop, the Convertible Preferred Securities could trade at
prices that may be higher or lower than the initial offering price depending on
many factors, including prevailing interest rates, the price of the Greenfield
Common Stock, the Company's operating results and the market for similar
securities. The Initial Purchasers currently make a market in the Convertible
Preferred Securities. The Initial Purchasers are not obligated to do so,
however, and any market making with respect to the Convertible Preferred
Securities may be discontinued at any time without notice. Therefore, there can
be no assurance as to the liquidity of any trading market for the Convertible
Preferred Securities or that an active public market for the Convertible
Preferred Securities will develop. The Company does not intend to apply for
listing or quotation of the Convertible Preferred Securities on any securities
exchange or stock market; however, the Convertible Preferred Securities are
eligible for trading in the Private Offerings, Resale and Trading through
Automated Linkages (PORTAL) Market of the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc.
GREENFIELD CAPITAL TRUST
Greenfield Capital Trust is a statutory business trust that was formed
under the Delaware Business Trust Act on December 7, 1995. The Trust's original
declaration of trust was amended and restated in its entirety as of April 1,
1996 by Greenfield, as sponsor of the Trust, and the trustees of the Issuer (the
"Issuer Trustees") (as so amended and restated, the "Declaration"). Greenfield
directly or indirectly owns Common Securities in an aggregate liquidation amount
equal to 3% of the total capital of the Issuer. The Common Securities rank PARI
PASSU, and payment will be made thereon PRO RATA, with the Convertible Preferred
Securities, except that, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an
event of default under the Declaration, the rights of the holders of the Common
Securities to payment in respect of distributions and payments upon liquidation,
redemption and otherwise will be subordinated to the rights of the holders of
the Convertible Preferred Securities. The assets of the Trust consist of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, and payments under the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures will be the sole revenue of the Issuer. The
Issuer exists for the exclusive purposes of (i) issuing the Trust Securities
representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Trust, (ii)
investing the gross proceeds of the Trust Securities in the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures and (iii) engaging in only those other activities
necessary or incidental thereto.
Pursuant to the Declaration, the number of Issuer Trustees initially is
five. Three of the Issuer Trustees (the "GFII Trustees") are individuals who are
employees or officers of or who are affiliated with Greenfield. The
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fourth trustee is a financial institution that is unaffiliated with Greenfield
(the "Trustee"). The fifth trustee is an entity which maintains its principal
place of business in the State of Delaware (the "Delaware Trustee"). Initially,
The Bank of New York, a New York banking corporation, acts as Trustee for
purposes of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as amended (the "Trust Indenture
Act"), and its affiliate, The Bank of New York (Delaware), a Delaware banking
corporation, acts as Delaware Trustee until, in each case, removed or replaced
by the holder of the Common Securities. The Bank of New York also acts as
indenture trustee under the Guarantee (the "Guarantee Trustee") and under the
Indenture (the "Indenture Trustee") for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act. See
"Description of the Guarantee" and "Description of the Convertible Preferred
Securities". In certain circumstances, the holders of a majority of the
Convertible Preferred Securities will be entitled to appoint one additional
trustee (a "Special Trustee"), who need not be an officer or employee of or
otherwise affiliated with Greenfield, who will have the same rights, powers and
privileges as the GFII Trustees. See "Description of the Convertible Preferred
Securities--Voting Rights".
The Trustee holds title to the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures
for the benefit of the holders of the Trust Securities and the Trustee has the
power to exercise all rights, powers and privileges under the Indenture (as
defined herein) as the holder of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures.
In addition, the Trustee maintains exclusive control of a segregated
non-interest bearing bank account (the "Property Account") to hold all payments
made in respect of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures for the
benefit of the holders of the Trust Securities. The Guarantee Trustee holds the
Guarantee for the benefit of the holders of the Convertible Preferred
Securities. Subject to the right of the holders of the Convertible Preferred
Securities to appoint a Special Trustee, Greenfield, as the direct or indirect
holder of all the Common Securities, has the right to appoint, remove or replace
any of the Issuer Trustees and to increase or decrease the number of trustees,
provided that the number of trustees shall be at least three, a majority of
which shall be GFII Trustees. Greenfield will pay all fees and expenses related
to the Trust and the offering of the Convertible Preferred Securities. See
"Description of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures".
The rights of the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities,
including economic rights, rights to information and voting rights, are as set
forth in the Declaration and the Delaware Business Trust Act, as amended (the
"Trust Act"). See "Description of the Convertible Preferred Securities". The
Declaration, the Indenture and the Guarantee also incorporate by reference the
terms of the Trust Indenture Act, and each will be qualified thereunder.
The place of business and the telephone number of the Trust are the
principal executive offices and telephone number of Greenfield. See "The
Company".
THE COMPANY
GENERAL
Greenfield is one of the four largest manufacturers of expendable cutting
tools and related products used primarily in industrial applications and the
largest North American producer of expendable rotary cutting tools, which
constituted the majority of the Company's fiscal 1995 sales. Rotary cutting
tools are consumable cylindrical fluted tools used to cut, bore, shape, mill and
thread industrial materials. The Company's products are consumed during use and
are replaced by purchasers on a periodic basis. Based upon internal estimates,
the Company believes that it maintains one of the two largest market shares in
each of the principal product lines in which it is described herein as a leading
manufacturer.
The Company's products are sold in five principal markets: industrial,
electronics, oilfield equipment, mining and wear parts and consumer. The Company
produces industrial products used by manufacturers in a broad cross-section of
industries to cut metal and other industrial materials. The Company is also a
leading manufacturer of small diameter drills and routers used in the
manufacture of circuit boards; carbide products used in oilfield and mining
equipment and wear parts applications; and consumer drill bits marketed under
private label and proprietary brands, including Sears' line of Craftsman(R)
drill bits which the Company has supplied for more than 66 years. The Company's
presence in the consumer market was substantially expanded in January 1996 as a
result of the acquisition of Rule Industries, Inc. ("Rule"), a manufacturer of
consumer saws and other hardware products. The Company's consumer products are
sold primarily to consumers and tradesmen through major do-it-yourself hardware
suppliers, such as Home Depot, retail chains and buying cooperatives, among whom
the Company has not historically had significant market penetration. The Company
offers products made from high-speed steel and tungsten carbide materials; each
accounts for approximately
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<PAGE>
half of the Company's revenues. In addition, the Company also manufactures and
markets a line of marine products.
The Company has grown through complementary acquisitions and has benefited
from operating efficiencies achieved through consolidations of operations and
rationalizations of excess capacity. The Company is the successor to a group of
complementary cutting tool businesses acquired since 1986. Greenfield was
organized in 1986 in connection with the acquisition of the Cutting Tools
Division of TRW, Inc. ("TRW"). Concurrently, Rogers Tool Works, Inc. ("RTW") was
organized for the purpose of acquiring TRW's Carbide Division. These acquired
businesses had net sales of approximately $89 million for the twelve months
ended May 31, 1987. The Company has grown to 1995 consolidated net sales of
approximately $420.2 million. Since 1986, more than 20 additional complementary
businesses have been acquired by the Company. The following acquisitions have
been made since the Company's initial public offering in 1993:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TOTAL ASSETS AT
DATE ACQUISITION PRODUCTS ACQUISITION DATE
(DOLLARS IN
MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1993 A-1 Carbide Corporation Wear parts $ 16.0
1994 Progressive Carbide, a Division of Dresser Compacts 1.3
Industries, Inc.
1994 Threads, Inc. Gages 3.0
1994 Hendersonville Industrial Tool Co., Inc. Gages 2.7
1994 The Cleveland Twist Drill Company Drills, reamers, end mills, taps 84.4
and dies, counterbores and
countersinks
1994 Carbidie Corporation Wear parts 27.3
1995 American Mine Tool, a Division of Valenite, Mining and wear parts 17.6
Inc.
1995 Van Keuren, Inc. Gages 2.5
1995 Cleveland Europe Limited Industrial drills 12.1
1996 Rule Industries, Inc. Industrial and consumer saws and 95.8
related products; marine products
1996 Kentucky Carbide, a Division of Osram Carbide inserts 1.5
Sylvania Inc.
1996 Boride Products, Inc. Ceramic and tungsten carbide-based 8.7
wear parts
1996 Arkansas Cutting Tools, a Division of High speed drills 4.9
Production Carbide & Steel Company
</TABLE>
The Company's principal executive offices are located at 2743 Perimeter
Parkway, Building 100, Suite 100, Augusta, Georgia 30909, and its telephone
number is (706) 863-7708.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
GENERAL. Greenfield's business strategies include obtaining and maintaining
leading market positions and broadening its product lines; reducing operating
costs and improving productivity through capital investment and reorganization
of production processes; and emphasizing quality and customer service. The
Company seeks to implement its strategies through additional complementary
acquisitions and rationalizing and integrating acquired operations.
MARKET POSITION AND PRODUCT LINES. The Company seeks to obtain and maintain
leading market positions in each of its markets. Most of the markets in which
the Company operates are fragmented and are undergoing consolidation, which is
expected to benefit larger, more efficient producers such as the Company.
Accordingly, the Company seeks to broaden its product lines through
acquisitions, such as Rule. Management believes that the expansion of its
product lines will enable the Company to reduce the effects of cyclicality on
its business.
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<PAGE>
REDUCING OPERATING COSTS AND IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY. Operating costs have
been lowered through an active program of capital investment, rationalizations
and plant consolidations intended to streamline operations, improve productivity
and reduce costs. For example, during 1994, Greenfield consolidated its
electronic circuit board drill operations in Switzerland into its German
operations. The consolidation resulted in increased production and lower
employment levels. Similarly, the Company, in connection with the acquisition of
The Cleveland Twist Drill Company ("CTD"), is currently restructuring and
consolidating certain of the CTD facilities into other Company facilities and,
as part of an 18-month plan commenced in January 1995, the Company is
rationalizing operations at 13 of its North American manufacturing facilities.
This plan is expected to result in streamlined operations, improved productivity
and reduced costs.
QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SERVICE. Greenfield seeks to provide high levels of
product quality and customer service in its markets, particularly in technically
demanding applications where the cost of product failure is high, for example in
the case of drilling compacts produced by the Company. The Company has earned
numerous quality awards from its major customers, including Ford, Sears,
Caterpillar, Chrysler and Navistar.
ACQUISITIONS. Greenfield seeks to implement its strategies principally
through acquisitions. The Company has increased its market position in existing
product lines and broadened its product lines through acquisitions. Greenfield
has a history of successfully combining acquired companies with its own
operations and since 1986, it has consolidated or restructured operations at
more than 20 plants. The Company has also reduced operating costs and improved
productivity in connection with its acquisitions through improved raw material
pricing, automation of manual operations, reduction of factory overhead through
plant rationalizations and consolidations and improved management systems.
Although the Company continually evaluates acquisition opportunities, no
material acquisitions are pending or contemplated.
MARKETS AND PRODUCTS
GENERAL. Greenfield manufactures and markets expendable cutting tools and
carbide products to the industrial, electronics, oilfield equipment, mining and
wear parts and consumer markets. The Company also manufactures and markets a
line of marine products. Although the products sold in these markets are similar
and overlap to some degree, the markets generally are affected by different
economic forces, resulting in different demand cycles.
The Company manufactures a wide variety of cutting tools. High-speed steel
is the predominant material for rotary cutting tools, offering high performance
in a broad range of applications. Tungsten carbide materials are costlier and
more durable and are preferred in certain applications.
Greenfield's brand names enjoy a high degree of recognition in their
respective markets. The Company differentiates its brands primarily on the basis
of products, channels of distribution, geography and service. The Company also
continually seeks to improve its products through research into additional
carbide grades and coatings which will prolong tool life. In addition to the
Company's branded products, the Company supplies a number of industrial and
consumer private label customers with its products, including Sears' line of
Craftsman(R) drill bits.
INDUSTRIAL MARKET. Greenfield is the largest producer in North America
of rotary cutting tools for industrial applications. Customers in the industrial
market use expendable cutting tools in their manufacturing operations. Demand in
the industrial market tracks industrial production, and in 1995 the Company
benefited from a relatively strong economy. The Company believes that it has
improved its competitive position in this market through marketing programs
designed to increase sales to distributors. The Company's marketing programs,
which have generally focused on the customer, now include a compensation program
for Greenfield sales employees which is based upon productivity improvements
substantiated by the customer. In 1995, the industrial market accounted for
approximately 56% of consolidated net sales.
Products sold in the industrial market include rotary cutting tools and
related products. Rotary cutting tools are consumable cylindrical fluted tools
used to cut, bore, shape, mill and thread industrial materials. Rotary cutting
tools manufactured by the Company include drills, reamers, taps, end mills,
burrs, routers, counterbores and countersinks. Drills bore holes in steel and
other materials. Reamers make hole diameters precise within given tolerances.
Taps machine internal screw threads in drilled or reamed holes. End mills are
used in milling machines to shape industrial materials. Burrs remove excess
material. Routers are used to profile materials. Counterbores and countersinks
shape recesses for fastener heads and other uses. Related products include
toolholders and inserts used in turning and milling operations; dies, dieheads
and chasers used in industrial
11
<PAGE>
thread fastening applications; and certain industrial carbide wear parts used in
applications where a high degree of wear resistance is desirable. As a result of
the Rule acquisition, the Company also manufactures and markets an extensive
line of hardware products, primarily stationary and portable power tool
accessories, for use in the industrial and consumer markets. Power tool
accessories consist of a broad line of bandsaws, holesaws, circular saws and
reciprocating blades used in power tool applications, including products which
have tungsten-carbide grit cutting edges.
The industrial market's rate of growth generally reflects the growth of the
manufacturing economy. The industrial market has been cyclical, experiencing
higher growth rates during periods of economic expansion. While demand for steel
and carbide cutting tools has continued to grow, certain segments of the market
have experienced some erosion in the past ten years. In particular, improvements
in production processes, such as more precise casting and alternate materials
technology, have reduced the overall amount of machining required in some
applications. Also, materials such as diamond and ceramic products have offered
alternatives to carbide inserts, and, to a lesser degree, rotary cutting tools.
ELECTRONICS MARKET. Greenfield manufactures and markets circuit board
drills for the electronics market. Circuit board drills are extremely small
carbide drills which make small diameter holes in printed circuit boards. The
Company serves customers globally out of its plants located in the United
States, Germany and the United Kingdom. The Company believes that it is one
of the largest worldwide manufacturers of circuit board drills and routers. As
printed circuit boards are becoming increasingly complex and costly to
manufacture, quality and, therefore, drilling demands are increasing.
Multi-layer circuit board construction requires very accurate drills to
establish inter-layer connections. Growth in the use of surface mount technology
to affix components to printed circuit boards has increased demand for smaller,
more precise holes which establish connections between layers in printed circuit
boards. Currently, the Company produces drill bits as small as 1/400th of an
inch in diameter, one of the smallest commercially available drill bits in the
world. In 1995, the electronics market accounted for approximately 15% of
consolidated net sales.
As the only vertically-integrated producer in the United States of carbide
blanks and circuit board drills, the Company is in a position to ensure control
over a greater number of variables which affect the quality of the product. The
Company supports this capability with a metallurgical and applications
laboratory and has expanded its technical selling capability. To maintain its
competitive position, the Company is assisting in the development of new
metallurgical and coating techniques, primarily through a consortium of
universities, which may allow for even smaller circuit board drill bits.
Demand for these products is related to growth in demand for electronic
components and electronically-controlled equipment. The circuit board drill
market is generally cyclical, but with a long-term growth rate higher than the
Company's other markets, as electronic components and controls continue to
proliferate in manufactured goods, including cellular telephones, appliances,
telecommunications equipment, computers and automobiles. Both domestic and
international markets showed improvements in 1995 over 1994.
OILFIELD EQUIPMENT MARKET. Greenfield believes that it is the largest
independent supplier of oilfield compacts in the world. Compacts are the cutting
edges of oil well drilling bits, which are commonly referred to as "rock bits."
Oilfield equipment products must be very high in quality because the cost of
product failure can be substantial, particularly when defective products require
rock bits to be replaced in wells which are sometimes miles underground. The
Company's compacts are used both for oil and natural gas drilling. Natural gas
reserves tend to be found deeper than oil, thereby increasing the utilization of
rock bits. In 1994, the Company enhanced its position as the leading provider of
oilfield compacts when it acquired the assets of Progressive Carbide from
Dresser Industries, Inc. In connection with the acquisition, the Company
expanded its supply of compacts to Dresser Industries, Inc. Previously,
Progressive Carbide manufactured a certain portion of its oilfield compacts
while purchasing the rest from the Company.
The Company also manufactures carbide balls and seats which are components
in the check valves used in oil producing pumps. Balls and seats made from
carbide are more durable than those made from competing materials such as cobalt
alloy or stainless steel, and result in less oil well downtime. The Company
expects carbide products to become increasingly important as the population of
domestic oil wells continues to age and operators of oil wells emphasize the use
of recovery techniques which cause greater wear on balls and seats. The Company
also supplies tungsten carbide trim parts used in high pressure oil field
chokes, which are part of the blowout prevention system on oil and gas drilling
rigs, and mechanical face seals, which are used in rotating equipment such as
pumps and mixers. In 1995, the oilfield equipment market accounted for
approximately 12% of consolidated net sales.
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<PAGE>
Demand for oilfield compacts and related products has been cyclical,
tracking domestic and international drilling rig and oilfield production
activities.
MINING AND WEAR PARTS MARKET. In November 1994, Greenfield purchased
Carbidie Corporation ("Carbidie"), an on-demand producer of custom-made tungsten
carbide preform wear parts for use in the tool and die industry. Carbidie's
product line encompasses a wide range of die and wear components, including
stamping dies, powder metal tooling, container and impact tooling, seal rings,
extruded rods, wear parts and steel processing parts. Carbidie's customers are
toolmakers, diemakers and finishers who produce high precision wear parts and
tools. Wear parts are made of tungsten carbide and are often used as replacement
parts for other materials, such as stainless steel, which are consumed during
use and replaced. The tungsten carbide preforms made by the Company must meet
extreme strength, abrasion and wear requirements. The carbide materials are
particularly well suited for such applications, lasting substantially longer
than hardened steel. The Company expects carbide products to become increasingly
important as manufacturing and production companies continue to look for higher
wear life and lower production costs. During January 1995, the Company acquired
the net assets of the American Mine Tool division of Valenite, Inc. ("AMT"). AMT
is a significant producer of tungsten carbide-tipped mining bits for the United
States coal mining industry. It also manufactures mining bit accessories and
carbide-tipped bits used in highway road resurfacing. AMT's standard line of
mining and road resurfacing tools is designed to meet a wide variety of customer
applications. It relies on the high quality of its products and excellent
customer service along with a well trained salesforce and network of
distribution centers near its customers to support its customer base. In
February 1996, the Company acquired the Kentucky Carbide Division of Osram
Sylvania Inc., the manufacturer of the carbide inserts which are used
exclusively by AMT in the production of its products. In 1995, the mining and
wear parts market accounted for approximately 13% of consolidated net sales.
CONSUMER MARKET. Greenfield is an active supplier of consumer drill bits,
saws, hand tools and other products to the do-it-yourself market, which includes
Sears, Home Depot and other major retailers. These products are sold under
private label brands such as the Sears Craftsman(R) drill line, which the
Company has supplied for more than 66 years, and are marketed under brand names
such as the Disston(R) line. In 1995, the consumer market accounted for
approximately 4% of consolidated sales. The Company expects its sales in the
consumer market to increase appreciably as a result of the Rule acquisition,
completed in January 1996. Rule manufactures of consumer and industrial cutting
tools, including a broad line of bandsaws, holesaws, circular saws and
reciprocating blades used in power tool applications. The product line also
includes hand saws and hand tools, certain lawn and garden products, wood-boring
bits, drills, counterbores, wire brushes, grinding wheels and stones and other
accessory items. Rule's major product lines, including Disston(R), are sold
primarily to consumers and tradesmen through major do-it-yourself hardware
suppliers, such as Home Depot, retail chains and buying cooperatives, among whom
the Company has not historically had significant market penetration.
Certain pro forma financial information reflecting the Rule acquisition is
attached hereto as Annex A.
MARINE MARKET. With the January 1996 acquisition of Rule, Greenfield also
acquired a line of marine products. The Company's marine products include
submersible pumps, activating switches, marine paints, coatings, sealants,
magnetic compasses, DC-powered winches and various electronic instruments and
gauges.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
Greenfield's cutting tool products are sold primarily through selected
distributors by the Company's technical sales personnel. Products are also sold
directly to private label, catalog, large industrial and other customers having
special technical or other requirements. Generally, the Company's major brands
are represented by distinct sales forces. The Company's sales force numbers
approximately 150 and sells to over 2,500 independent distributors in North
America and worldwide.
INDUSTRIAL MARKET. Greenfield's high-speed steel cutting tool brands are
sold in the industrial market through a network of selected independent
industrial distributors throughout North America. In addition, the Company has
agents to promote its products in Latin America and Asia. The Company's Putnam,
Chicago-Latrobe, GTD and Geometric brands have been marketed since 1991 on a
full-line basis to selected distributors. These distributors are supported by
the Company's factory-trained sales force and by an extensive program of product
information, sales and technical support. An internal sales force sells the
Company's full-line brands to these selected distributors and an external sales
force sells the VTD brand to a broader group of distributors that is offered
less intensive sales and technical support. Customer technical support and
education programs are
13
<PAGE>
also utilized to increase market awareness. The Company's high-speed cutting
tool brands which were acquired in the acquisition of CTD are also sold in the
industrial market through a network of selected independent distributors
throughout North America and through its subsidiary, Cleveland Europe Limited,
into the United Kingdom, Western Europe and certain other parts of the world.
These distributors are supported by separate sales, marketing and technical
forces. The products sold under the Cleveland Twist Drill brand name are
differentiated from the Company's other industrial brand names through an
emphasis on special applications and aerospace technology, and a larger sales
force in both Canada and Mexico. Certain of the industrial drills, taps and
dies, end mills, reamers, bandsaws and certain other products are also available
through selected national catalog distributors and independent stocking agents.
Tungsten carbide rotary cutting tools, tool holders and inserts are sold
through selected independent industrial distributors and directly to a few large
end-users. In the case of tungsten carbide tools and specialized drilling,
reaming and counterboring tools, the Company's technical sales personnel
directly assist the end-users with product selection and application of the
Company's tungsten carbide products purchased through distributors. The Company
provides assistance to end-users of carbide cutting tools through product
application assistance and education.
The Company believes that it has improved its competitive position through
marketing programs designed to increase sales to distributors. Marketing
programs, which have generally focused on the customer, now include a
compensation program for Greenfield sales employees which is based upon
productivity improvements realized and substantiated by the customer as a result
of Greenfield's products and technical service. Other marketing/customer service
programs include product information seminars, technical support sessions and
week-long training classes and meetings with applications specialists at plant
locations across the country.
ELECTRONICS MARKET. Greenfield sells its circuit board drill and router
brands through a worldwide network of distributors and the Company's technical
sales force. The Company markets its products under multiple brand names through
sales forces based in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and Asia.
The majority of sales are made through distributors; the balance is direct.
Approximately 80% of the Company's sales of circuit board drills and routers are
made to customers outside North America. The Company supplies circuit board
drills to Asian markets through distributors and agents. The Company believes
that it is a leading supplier of these drills in Hong Kong and other
Asianmarkets, including the People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Korea and
Singapore. The Company's technical sales force includes applications experts who
assist customers on-site by evaluating drill room applications and suggesting
improvements. The Company also utilizes a dedicated drilling test lab at the
Company's Rogers, Arkansas facility to improve customers' drilling results.
OILFIELD EQUIPMENT MARKET. Greenfield's sales to the oilfield equipment
market are made directly to oilfield equipment manufacturers and other
customers. The products are used by large multinational corporations throughout
the world as well as small independently-owned oilfield maintenance companies.
MINING AND WEAR PARTS MARKET. Greenfield's sales to the mining and wear
parts market are made both directly and through manufacturer's representatives.
The Company's customer base is both large and diverse, covering approximately
1,500 customers in any given year. The Company's sales are primarily in North
America with some international exposure. The Company's sales force and
independent representative network are supported through an internal technical
staff, direct marketing programs, participation in industry trade shows and
exhibitions and advertising in tool and die industry trade journals.
CONSUMER MARKET. Sales of products for the consumer market, including the
Sears' line of Craftsman(R) drill bits, are made directly by Greenfield to
purchasers of its private label tools. Sales of products for its Disston(R)
brand are primarily sold to major do-it-yourself hardware suppliers, retail
chains and buying cooperatives. The Company assists its customers through
merchandising, packaging and advertising.
MARINE MARKET. Marine products are sold to boat manufacturers and
distributors throughout the United States and the world by independent
manufacturers' representatives and direct sales personnel.
FACILITIES AND MANUFACTURING
The Company's headquarters are located in Augusta, Georgia. The Company
owns significant manufacturing facilities in Arkansas, Georgia, Massachusetts,
North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South
14
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Carolina and Virginia, and leases significant facilities in Illinois,
Massachusetts and Vermont. The Company also maintains, through ownership or
leases, smaller manufacturing, office, warehouse and research facilities, as
well as property held for sale, in seven other states and five other countries.
In the event of a cancellation or termination of a lease relating to any of the
Company's leased properties, the Company anticipates no difficulty in connection
with leasing alternate space at reasonable rates.
MANUFACTURING
Greenfield's principal raw materials are high-speed steel and tungsten
carbide. High-speed steel is purchased in wire and rod form from multiple
sources. Although the Company purchases most of its high-speed steel
requirements from a single supplier, the Company believes that alternative
sources are available. Tungsten carbide materials are purchased in powder form
from multiple sources, for which alternative suppliers also exist and are
currently adequate. Historically, raw material prices have not been volatile. In
1995, however, tungsten carbide materials were in short supply throughout the
world as China, which produces a majority of the world's tungsten carbide,
limited sales, resulting in higher prices. To date, Greenfield has been able to
obtain adequate supplies and price increases experienced generally have been
passed on to customers.
Tungsten carbide powders are mixed, pressed and sintered in the Company's
Rogers, Arkansas, Irwin, Pennsylvania, Placentia, California and Madisonville,
Kentucky facilities. Finished products are precision ground from steel or
carbide blanks in various of the Company's manufacturing facilities. The Company
also maintains coating capabilities in its Augusta, Georgia, Lyndonville,
Vermont and Rogers, Arkansas operations; assembly capabilities for dieheads,
rachet tap wrenches and solid tap and die wrenches in its Augusta, Georgia
operation; and brazing capabilities for carbide tipping in its Bentonville,
Arkansas, Solon, Ohio and Rockford, Illinois facilities. The Company maintains
metallurgy laboratories and drilling rooms in its Augusta, Georgia and Rogers,
Arkansas facilities for quality control, product development and customer
applications testing purposes. The majority of the Company's bandsaws, hand saws
and related hardware products are manufactured in its Deerfield,
Massachusettsfacility. The Company's marine products are manufactured in its
Gloucester, Massachusetts facility.
Since 1986, Greenfield has invested over $98 million in capital equipment,
including capital investments of $26.8 million, $13.1 million and $8.0 million
in 1995, 1994, and 1993, respectively. The Company expects that capital
expenditures for 1996 will be approximately $25 million for ongoing capital
development projects. This investment in capital equipment has been a
significant element of the Company's cost reduction efforts. The Company has
extensive process engineering capability, and has designed and manufactured a
significant amount of its capital equipment. The Company believes that its
production facilities and equipment are in good condition and, together with
planned equipment spending, sufficient to meet planned increases in volume over
the next five years.
COMPETITION
The markets for Greenfield's products are highly competitive. The principal
competitive factors in the cutting tool industry are product quality, timely
delivery, technical service and price.
Generally, the cutting tool market is fragmented with a large number of
competitors and is characterized by excess capacity. The Company's competitors
vary in size and resources; some are larger than the Company and others are
smaller, and none competes with the Company in all product lines in the same
geographic markets. The Company's larger competitors have significantly greater
financial, marketing and technical resources. There can be no assurance that
competitors will not take actions, including introducing new products, which
could adversely affect the Company's sales and operating results.
In North America, the market for high-speed steel rotary cutting tools is
fragmented and the Company's competitors consist of smaller privately held
companies and smaller divisions of larger companies. The Company's competitors
in the North American market for tungsten carbide cutting tools, primarily
inserts and toolholders, are Kennametal, Inc., the Valenite division of
Cincinnati Milacron and Sandvik AB, a Swedish company.
Outside the United States, the largest cutting tool company worldwide is
Sandvik AB. Sandvik AB produces a full range of carbide products and is the
market leader in Europe for rotary cutting tools.
15
<PAGE>
EMPLOYEES
At June 30, 1996, Greenfield had approximately 4,900 employees worldwide.
Approximately 1,100 employees at seven of the Company's facilities are covered
under collective bargaining agreements which expire from September 1997 through
June 2000. The Company has not experienced any work stoppages in the last five
years and considers its relations with employees generally to be good.
16
<PAGE>
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
(UNAUDITED)
The following table sets forth Greenfield's ratio of earnings to fixed
charges (i) on an historical basis for each of the five years in the period
ended December 31, 1995; (ii) on an historical basis for the six-month periods
ended June 30, 1995 and June 30, 1996; (iii) on a pro forma basis after giving
effect to the Original Offering and the acquisition of Rule (including the
financing thereof) for the year ended December 31, 1995; and (iv) on a pro forma
basis after giving effect to the Original Offering for the three months ended
June 30, 1996.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Historical Pro Forma
--------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
Six Months Year ended Six Months
Year Ended December 31, Ended June 30, December 31, ended June 30,
----------------------------------------- ---------------------
1991(1) 1992 1993 1994 1995 1995 1996 1995 1996
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ------------ ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Ratio of Earnings to
Fixed Charges * 1.20 3.46 10.18 6.76 6.48 4.47 4.56 4.62
<FN>
- ------------------
1 For the year ended December 31, 1991, earnings as defined below were inadequate to cover fixed charges. The
coverage deficiency was $11,833,000.
</FN>
</TABLE>
For purposes of computing the historical ratio of earnings to fixed
charges, earnings include pre-tax earnings before an extraordinary charge,
interest expense and the interest portion of rent expense, which the Company
estimates is equivalent to one-third of total rent expense. Fixed charges
include interest expense and the interest portion of rent expense. For purposes
of computing the pro forma ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings include
pre-tax earnings, interest expense, dividends on the Convertible Preferred
Securities and the interest portion of rent expense, which the Company estimates
is equivalent to one-third of total rent expense. Fixed charges include interest
expense, dividends on the Convertible Preferred Securities and the interest
portion of rent expense.
17
<PAGE>
CAPITALIZATION
(UNAUDITED)
The following table sets forth the capitalization of Greenfield and its
consolidated subsidiaries as of June 30, 1996. The table should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and
other financial data of Greenfield incorporated herein by reference.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
June 30, 1996
-------------------------------------
Indebtedness:
<S> <C>
Current maturities of long-term indebtedness ........... $ 632
Long-term indebtedness (excluding current
maturities)
Bank loans ........................................... 48,731
Senior notes 1 ....................................... 75,000
Other long-term indebtedness ......................... 11,886
-------
Total long-term indebtedness ....................... 135,617
-------
Total indebtedness ............................... 136,249
Company-obligated, mandatorily redeemable
convertible preferred securities of subsidiary
Greenfield Capital Trust 2 ........................... 115,000
Preferred stock, common stock and other
stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock; $0.01 par value; 1,500,000
shares authorized; none outstanding .................. --- ---
Common stock; $0.01 par value; 100,000,000
shares authorized; 16,337,300 shares issued
and outstanding ...................................... 163
Additional paid-in capital and other ................... 108,836
Retained earnings ...................................... 84,636
Cumulative translation adjustment ...................... (1,771)
-------
Total common stock and other
stockholders' equity ......................... 191,864
-------
Total capitalization ........................... $443,113
========
Debt to capitalization ratio 3 ......................... 30.7%
<FN>
- ------------------
1 $75 million unsecured senior notes bearing interest payable semi-annually at 7.31%, are due in
2005 with equal annual payments beginning in 1999.
2 As described herein, the sole assets of the Trust are the 6% Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures due March 31, 2016 with a principal amount of $118,556,700, and upon redemption of
such debt, the Convertible Preferred Securities will be mandatorily redeemable.
3 Debt to capitalization ratio equals total indebtedness divided by total capitalization.
</FN>
</TABLE>
18
<PAGE>
ACCOUNTING TREATMENT
For financial reporting purposes, the Trust will be treated as a subsidiary
of Greenfield and, accordingly, the accounts of the Trust will be included in
the consolidated financial statements of Greenfield. The Convertible Preferred
Securities will be presented as a separate line item in the consolidated balance
sheet of Greenfield entitled "Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable
convertible preferred securities of subsidiary Greenfield Capital Trust holding
solely parent's convertible subordinated debentures", and appropriate
disclosures about the Convertible Preferred Securities, the Guarantee and the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures will be included in the notes to the
Company's consolidated financial statements. For financial reporting purposes,
Greenfield will record distributions payable on the Convertible Preferred
Securities as a financing charge to earnings in Greenfield's consolidated
statement of operations.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The Selling Holders will receive all of the proceeds from the sale of the
Offered Securities. Neither Greenfield nor the Trust will receive any proceeds
from the sale of the Offered Securities.
DESCRIPTION OF THE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES
THE FOLLOWING SUMMARY OF CERTAIN MATERIAL TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THE
CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES IS SUBJECT TO, AND QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY
REFERENCE TO, THE DECLARATION. THE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES WERE ISSUED
PURSUANT TO THE TERMS OF THE DECLARATION. THE DECLARATION INCORPORATES BY
REFERENCE TERMS OF THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT AND WILL BE QUALIFIED THEREUNDER. THE
BANK OF NEW YORK, AS TRUSTEE, ACTS AS INDENTURE TRUSTEE FOR THE DECLARATION FOR
PURPOSES OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT. CAPITALIZED TERMS NOT
OTHERWISE DEFINED HEREIN HAVE THE MEANINGS ASSIGNED TO THEM IN THE DECLARATION.
GENERAL
The Convertible Preferred Securities were issued in fully registered form
without interest coupons.
The Convertible Preferred Securities represent undivided beneficial
ownership interests in the assets of the Issuer and entitle the holders thereof
to a preference in certain circumstances with respect to distributions and
amounts payable on redemption or liquidation over the Common Securities, as well
as other benefits as described in the Declaration.
All of the Common Securities are owned, directly or indirectly, by
Greenfield. The Common Securities rank PARI PASSU, and payments are made thereon
PRO RATA, with the Convertible Preferred Securities except as described under
"--Subordination of Common Securities". The Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures are owned by the Trustee and held for the benefit of the holders of
the Trust Securities. The Guarantee guarantees payments with respect to the
Convertible Preferred Securities, but does not guarantee payment of
distributions or amounts payable on redemption or liquidation of the Convertible
Preferred Securities when the Issuer does not have funds available to make such
payments.
Greenfield has, through the Guarantee, the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures, the Indenture and the Declaration, taken together, fully,
irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed all of the Issuer's obligations under
the Convertible Preferred Securities. No single document standing alone or
operating in conjunction with fewer than all of the other documents constitutes
such guarantee. It is only the combined operation of these documents that
provides a full, irrevocable and unconditional guarantee of the Issuer's
obligations under the Convertible Preferred Securities. See "Effect of
Obligations Under the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures and the
Guarantee".
19
<PAGE>
DISTRIBUTIONS
The distributions payable on each Convertible Preferred Security are fixed
at a rate per annum of 6% of the stated liquidation preference of $50 per
Convertible Preferred Security. Deferred distributions (and interest thereon)
will accrue interest (compounded quarterly) at the same rate. The term
"distributions" as used herein includes any such distributions payable unless
otherwise stated. The amount of distributions payable for any period will be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.
Distributions on the Convertible Preferred Securities are cumulative,
accruing from the Original Offering Date and are payable quarterly in arrears on
each March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, commencing June 30, 1996,
when, as and if available. Greenfield has the right under the Indenture to defer
interest payments from time to time on the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures for successive periods not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters for each
such period, and, as a consequence, quarterly distributions on the Convertible
Preferred Securities would be deferred by the Issuer (but would continue to
accrue with interest) during any such Deferral Period. In the event that
Greenfield exercises this right, during such period Greenfield (i) shall not
declare or pay dividends on, make distributions with respect to, or redeem,
purchase or acquire, or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of its
capital stock (other than stock dividends paid by Greenfield which consist of
stock of the same class as that on which the dividend is being paid and other
than redemptions or purchases of any Rights and the declaration of a dividend of
such Rights in the future), (ii) shall not make any payment of interest,
principal or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt
securities issued by Greenfield that rank PARI PASSU with or junior to the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, and (iii) shall not make any
guarantee payments with respect to the foregoing (other than pursuant to the
Guarantee). Prior to the termination of any Deferral Period, Greenfield may
further extend such Deferral Period; PROVIDED that such Deferral Period together
with all previous and further deferrals thereof may not exceed 20 consecutive
quarters. Upon the termination of any Deferral Period, Greenfield is required to
pay all amounts then due and, upon such payment, Greenfield may select a new
Deferral Period, subject to the above requirements. In no event shall any
Deferral Period extend beyond the maturity of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures. See "Description of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures--Interest" and "--Option to Extend Interest Payment Period".
Distributions on the Convertible Preferred Securities must be paid
quarterly on the dates payable to the extent of funds of the Trust available for
the payment of such distributions. Amounts available to the Trust for
distribution to the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities will be
limited to payments under the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures. See
"Description of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures". The payment of
distributions, to the extent of funds of the Trust available therefor, is
guaranteed by Greenfield on a limited basis, as set forth under "Description of
the Guarantee".
Distributions on the Convertible Preferred Securities are payable to the
holders thereof as they appear on the books and records of the Issuer on the
relevant record dates, which will be one day prior to the relevant payment
dates. Subject to any applicable laws and regulations and the provisions of the
Declaration, each such payment will be made as described under
"--Book-Entry-Only Issuance--The Depository Trust Company" below. In the event
that any date on which distributions are payable on the Convertible Preferred
Securities is not a Business Day, payment of the distribution payable on such
date will be made on the next succeeding day which is a Business Day (without
any distribution or other payment in respect of any such delay) except that, if
such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, such payment shall be
made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force
and effect as if made on such date. A "Business Day" shall mean any day other
than a day on which banking institutions in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to close.
CONVERSION RIGHTS
GENERAL. Convertible Preferred Securities are convertible at any time
(except in the case of Convertible Preferred Securities called for redemption
which shall be convertible at any time prior to the close of business on the
Business Day prior to the Redemption Date), at the option of the holder thereof
and in the manner described below, into shares of Greenfield Common Stock at an
initial conversion rate of 1.2121 shares of Greenfield Common Stock for each
Convertible Preferred Security (equivalent to a conversion price of $41.25 per
share of Greenfield Common Stock), subject to adjustment as described under
"--Conversion Price
20
<PAGE>
Adjustments" below. The Issuer has agreed in the Declaration not to convert
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures held by it exceptpursuant to a
notice of conversion delivered to the Conversion Agent by a holder of
Convertible Preferred Securities. A holder of a Convertible Preferred
Security wishing to exercise its conversion right shall deliver an irrevocable
conversion notice, together, if the Convertible Preferred Security is a
Certificated Security (as defined herein), with such Certificated Security, to
the Conversion Agent which shall, on behalf of such holder, exchange such
Convertible Preferred Security for a portion of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures and immediately convert such Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures into Greenfield Common Stock. Holders may obtain copies
of the required form of the conversion notice from the Conversion Agent.
Whenever Greenfield issues shares of Greenfield Common Stock upon
conversion of Convertible Preferred Securities, Greenfield will issue, together
with each such share of Greenfield Common Stock, one right entitling the holder
thereof, under certain circumstances, to purchase one one-hundredth of a share
of Greenfield's Series A Preferred Stock ("Series A Preferred Stock") pursuant
to, and upon the terms indicated in, the Restated Rights Agreement dated as of
February 6, 1996 (the "Rights Agreement"), between Greenfield and First Chicago
Trust Company of New York, as Rights Agent, or any similar rights issued to
holders of Greenfield Common Stock in addition thereto or in replacement thereof
(such rights, together with any additional or replacement rights, being
collectively referred to as the "Rights"), whether or not such Rights shall be
exercisable at such time, but only if such Rights are issued and outstanding and
held by holders of Greenfield Common Stock (or are evidenced by outstanding
share certificates representing Greenfield Common Stock) at such time and have
not expired or been redeemed. As distributed, the Rights trade together with
Greenfield Common Stock. The Rights may be exercised or traded separately only
after the earlier to occur of: (i) the tenth business day after the commencement
of a tender or exchange offer by a person or group other than Greenfield or any
subsidiary or employee benefit plan of Greenfield or any subsidiary if, upon
consummation of the offer, such person or group would acquire beneficial
ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding Greenfield Common Stock or (ii) the
tenth day after the first public announcement that an Acquiring Person (as such
term is defined in the Rights Agreement) has acquired the beneficial ownership
of 15% or more of the shares of Greenfield Common Stock outstanding. The Rights
will expire on February 20, 2006, unless earlier redeemed by Greenfield as
provided in the Rights Agreement. Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof
will have no additional rights as a shareholder of Greenfield, including,
without limitation, the right to vote or receive dividends on shares of
Greenfield Common Stock subject to the Rights. The foregoing description of the
Rights is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Agreement, which
is an exhibit to Greenfield's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended March 31, 1996, incorporated by reference herein.
Holders of Convertible Preferred Securities at the close of business on a
distribution record date will be entitled to receive the distribution payable on
such Convertible Preferred Securities on the corresponding distribution payment
date notwithstanding the conversion of such Convertible Preferred Securities
following such distribution record date but prior to such distribution payment
date. Except as provided in the immediately preceding sentence, neither the
Issuer nor Greenfield will make, or be required to make, any payment, allowance
or adjustment for accumulated and unpaid distributions, whether or not in
arrears, on converted Convertible Preferred Securities. Greenfield will make no
payment or allowance for distributions on the shares of Greenfield Common Stock
issued upon such conversion, except to the extent that such shares of Greenfield
Common Stock are held of record on the record date for any such distributions.
Each conversion will be deemed to have been effected immediately prior to the
close of business on the day on which the related conversion notice was received
by the Issuer.
No fractional shares of Greenfield Common Stock will be issued as a result
of conversion, but in lieu thereof such fractional interest will be paid by
Greenfield in cash.
CONVERSION PRICE ADJUSTMENTS--GENERAL. The conversion price will be subject
to adjustment in certain events including, without duplication: (i) the payment
of dividends (and other distributions) payable in Greenfield Common Stock on any
class of capital stock of Greenfield; (ii) the issuance to all holders of
Greenfield Common Stock of rights or warrants, or the occurrence of an event
under the Company's Rights Agreement, entitling holders of such rights or
warrants to subscribe for or purchase Greenfield Common Stock at less than the
then current market price; (iii) subdivisions and combinations of Greenfield
Common Stock; (iv) the payment of dividends (and other distributions) to all
holders of Greenfield Common Stock consisting
21
<PAGE>
of evidences of indebtedness of Greenfield, securities or capital stock, cash or
assets (including securities, but excluding those rights, warrants, dividends
and distributions referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) and dividends and
distributions paid exclusively in cash); (v) the payment of dividends (and other
distributions) on Greenfield CommonStock paid exclusively in cash, excluding (A)
cash dividends that do not exceed the per share amount of the immediately
preceding regular cash dividend (as adjusted to reflect any of the events
referred to in clauses (i) through (vi) of this sentence) and (B) cash dividends
if the annualized per share amount thereof does not exceed 15% of the current
market price of Greenfield Common Stock as of the trading day immediately
preceding the date of declaration of such dividend; and (vi) payment to holders
of Greenfield Common Stock in respect of a tender or exchange offer (other than
an odd-lot offer) by Greenfield or any subsidiary of Greenfield for Greenfield
Common Stock at a price in excess of 110% of the current market price of
Greenfield Common Stock as of the trading day next succeeding the last date
tenders or exchanges may be made pursuant to such tender or exchange offer.
Greenfield may, at its option, make such reductions in the conversion price
as the Greenfield Board of Directors deems advisable to avoid or diminish any
income tax to holders of Greenfield Common Stock resulting from any dividend or
distribution of stock (or rights to acquire stock) or from any event treated as
such for income tax purposes. See "United States Taxation--Adjustment of
Conversion Price".
No adjustment of the conversion price will be made upon the issuance of any
shares of Greenfield Common Stock pursuant to any present or future plan
providing for the reinvestment of dividends or interest payable on securities of
Greenfield and the investment of additional optional amounts in shares of
Greenfield Common Stock under any such plan or the issuance of any shares of
Greenfield Common Stock or options or rights to purchase such shares pursuant to
any present or future employee, director or consultant benefit plan or program
of Greenfield or pursuant to any option, warrant, right, or exercisable,
exchangeable or convertible security outstanding as of the date the Convertible
Preferred Securities were first issued. There shall also be no adjustment of the
conversion price in case of the issuance of any Greenfield Common Stock (or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for Greenfield Common Stock), except
as specifically described above. If any action would require adjustment of the
conversion price pursuant to more than one of the anti-dilution provisions, only
one adjustment shall be made and such adjustment shall be the amount of
adjustment that has the highest absolute value to holders of the Convertible
Preferred Securities. No adjustment in the conversion price will be required
unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least 1% of
the conversion price, but any adjustment that would otherwise be required to be
made shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent
adjustment.
CONVERSION PRICE ADJUSTMENTS--MERGER, CONSOLIDATION OR SALE OF ASSETS OF
GREENFIELD. In the event that Greenfield is a party to any transaction
(including, without limitation, a merger, consolidation, sale of all or
substantially all of the assets of Greenfield, recapitalization or
reclassification of Greenfield Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange
(each of the foregoing being referred to as a "Greenfield Transaction")), in
each case, as a result of which shares of Greenfield Common Stock shall be
converted into the right (i) in the case of any Greenfield Transaction other
than a Greenfield Transaction involving a Common Stock Fundamental Change (as
defined herein), to receive securities, cash or other property, each Convertible
Preferred Security shall thereafter be convertible into the kind and amount of
securities, cash and other property receivable upon the consummation of such
Greenfield Transaction by a holder of that number of shares of Greenfield Common
Stock into which a Convertible Preferred Security was convertible immediately
prior to such Greenfield Transaction, with such adjustments as provided below,
or (ii) in the case of a Greenfield Transaction involving a Common Stock
Fundamental Change, to receive common stock of the kind received by holders of
Greenfield Common Stock (but in each case after giving effect to any adjustment
discussed below relating to a Fundamental Change if such Greenfield Transaction
constitutes a Fundamental Change). The holders of Convertible Preferred
Securities will have no voting rights with respect to any Greenfield Transaction
described in this section.
If any Fundamental Change (as defined herein) occurs, the conversion price
in effect will be adjusted immediately after such Fundamental Change as
described below. In addition, in the event of a Common Stock Fundamental Change,
each Convertible Preferred Security shall be convertible solely into common
stock of the kind received by holders of Greenfield Common Stock as a result of
such Common Stock Fundamental Change.
22
<PAGE>
The conversion price in the case of any Greenfield Transaction involving a
Fundamental Change will be adjusted immediately after such Fundamental Change:
(i) in the case of a Non-Stock Fundamental Change (as defined herein),
the conversion price of the Convertible Preferred Securities will thereupon
become the lower of (A) the conversion price in effect immediately prior to
such Non-Stock Fundamental Change, but after giving effect to any other
prior adjustments, and (B) the result obtained by multiplying the greater
of the Applicable Price (as defined herein) or the then applicable
Reference Market Price (as defined herein) by a fraction of which the
numerator will be $50 and the denominator will be the then current
Redemption Price (as defined herein) or, prior to April 15, 1999, an amount
per Convertible Preferred Security determined by Greenfield in its sole
discretion, after consultation with an investment banking firm, to be the
equivalent of the hypothetical redemption price that would have been
applicable if the Convertible Preferred Securities had been redeemable
during such period; and
(ii) in the case of a Common Stock Fundamental Change, the conversion
price of the Convertible Preferred Securities in effect immediately prior
to such Common Stock Fundamental Change, but after giving effect to any
other prior adjustments, will thereupon be adjusted by multiplying such
conversion price by a fraction of which the numerator will be the Purchaser
Stock Price (as defined herein) and the denominator will be the Applicable
Price; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in the event of a Common Stock Fundamental
Change in which (A) 100% of the value of the consideration received by a
holder of Greenfield Common Stock is common stock of the successor,
acquiror or other third party (and cash, if any, is paid only with respect
to any fractional interests in such common stock resulting from such Common
Stock Fundamental Change) and (B) all of the Greenfield Common Stock will
have been exchanged for, converted into, or acquired for common stock (and
cash with respect to fractional interests) of the successor, acquiror or
other third party, the conversion price of the Convertible Preferred
Securities in effect immediately prior to such Common Stock Fundamental
Change will thereupon be adjusted by multiplying such conversion price by a
fraction of which the numerator will be one and the denominator will be the
number of shares of common stock of the successor, acquiror, or other third
party received by a holder of one share of Greenfield Common Stock as a
result of such Common Stock Fundamental Change.
In the absence of the Fundamental Change provisions, in the case of a
Greenfield Transaction each Convertible Preferred Security would become
convertible into the securities, cash, or property receivable by a holder of the
number of shares of Greenfield Common Stock into which such Convertible
Preferred Security was convertible immediately prior to such Greenfield
Transaction. Thus, in the absence of the Fundamental Change provisions, a
Greenfield Transaction could substantially lessen or eliminate the value of the
conversion privilege associated with the Convertible Preferred Securities. For
example, if Greenfield were acquired in a cash merger, each Convertible
Preferred Security would become convertible solely into cash and would no longer
be convertible into securities whose value would vary depending on the future
prospects of Greenfield and other factors.
The foregoing conversion price adjustments are designed, in "Fundamental
Change" transactions where all or substantially all the Greenfield Common Stock
is converted into securities, cash, or property and not more than 50% of the
value received by the holders of Greenfield Common Stock consists of stock
listed or admitted for listing subject to notice of issuance on a national
securities exchange or quoted on the NNM (a "Non-Stock Fundamental Change", as
defined herein), to increase the securities, cash, or property into which each
Convertible Preferred Security is convertible.
In a Non-Stock Fundamental Change transaction in which the initial value
received per share of Greenfield Common Stock (measured as described in the
definition of Applicable Price below) is lower than the then applicable
conversion price of a Convertible Preferred Security but greater than or equal
to the "Reference Market Price" (initially $22.17 but subject to adjustment in
certain events as described below), the conversion price will be adjusted as
described above with the effect that each Convertible Preferred Security will be
convertible into securities, cash or property of the same type received by the
holders of Greenfield Common Stock in such transaction with the conversion price
adjusted as though such initial value had been the Applicable Price.
In a Non-Stock Fundamental Change transaction in which the initial value
received per share of Greenfield Common Stock (measured as described in the
definition of Applicable Price below) is lower than both the Applicable
Conversion Price of a Convertible Preferred Security and the Reference Market
Price, the
23
<PAGE>
conversion price will be adjusted as described above but calculated as though
such initial value had been the Reference Market Price.
In a Fundamental Change transaction in which all or substantially all of
the Greenfield Common Stock is converted into securities, cash, or property and
more than 50% of the value received by the holders of Greenfield Common Stock
consists of listed or NNM traded common stock (a "Common Stock Fundamental
Change", as defined herein), the foregoing adjustments are designed to provide
in effect that (a) where Greenfield Common Stock is converted partly into such
common stock and partly into other securities, cash or property, each
Convertible Preferred Security will be convertible solely into a number of
shares of such common stock determined so that the initial value of such shares
(measured as described in the definition of "Purchaser Stock Price" below)
equals the value of the shares of Greenfield Common Stock into which such
Convertible Preferred Security was convertible immediately before the
transaction (measured as aforesaid) and (b) where Greenfield Common Stock is
converted solely into such common stock, each Convertible Preferred Security
will be convertible into the same number of shares of such common stock
receivable by a holder of the number of shares of Greenfield Common Stock into
which such Convertible Preferred Security was convertible immediately before
such transaction.
The term "Applicable Price" means (i) in the case of a Non-Stock
Fundamental Change in which the holder of the Greenfield Common Stock receives
only cash, the amount of cash received by the holder of one share of Greenfield
Common Stock and (ii) in the event of any other Non-Stock Fundamental Change or
any Common Stock Fundamental Change, the average of the Closing Prices (as
defined herein) for the Greenfield Common Stock during the ten trading days
prior to and including the record date for the determination of the holders of
Greenfield Common Stock entitled to receive such securities, cash, or other
property in connection with such Non-Stock Fundamental Change or Common Stock
Fundamental Change or, if there is no such record date, the date upon which the
holders of the Greenfield Common Stock shall have the right to receive such
securities, cash, or other property (such record date or distribution date being
hereinafter referred as the "Entitlement Date"), in each case as adjusted in
good faith by Greenfield to appropriately reflect any of the events referred to
in clauses (i) through (vi) of the first paragraph under "--Conversion Price
Adjustments--General".
The term "Closing Price" means on any day the last reported sale price on
such day or in case no sale takes place on such day, the average of the reported
closing bid and asked prices in each case on the NNM or, if the stock is not
quoted on such system, on the principal national securities exchange on which
such stock is listed or admitted to trading or if not listed or admitted to
trading on any national securities exchange, the average of the closing bid and
asked prices as furnished by any independent registered broker-dealer firm,
selected by Greenfield for that purpose.
The term "Common Stock Fundamental Change" means any Fundamental Change in
which more than 50% of the value (as determined in good faith by the Board of
Directors of Greenfield) of the consideration received by holders of Greenfield
Common Stock consists of common stock that for each of the ten consecutive
trading days prior to the Entitlement Date has been admitted for listing or
admitted for listing subject to notice of issuance on a national securities
exchange or quoted on the NNM; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that a Fundamental Change
shall not be a Common Stock Fundamental Change unless Greenfield continues to
exist after the occurrence of such Fundamental Change and the outstanding
Convertible Preferred Securities continue to exist as outstanding Convertible
Preferred Securities.
The term "Fundamental Change" means the occurrence of any transaction or
event in connection with a plan pursuant to which all or substantially all of
the Greenfield Common Stock shall be exchanged for, converted into, acquired for
or constitute solely the right to receive securities, cash or other property
(whether by means of an exchange offer, liquidation, tender offer,
consolidation, merger, combination, reclassification, recapitalization or
otherwise); PROVIDED that, in the case of a plan involving more than one such
transaction or event, for purposes of adjustment of the conversion price, such
Fundamental Change shall be deemed to have occurred when substantially all of
the Greenfield Common Stock shall be exchanged for, converted into, or acquired
for or constitute solely the right to receive securities, cash, or other
property, but the adjustment shall be based upon the highest weighted average
per share consideration that a holder of Greenfield Common Stock could have
received in such transaction or event as a result of which more than 50% of the
Greenfield Common Stock shall have been exchanged for, converted into, or
acquired for or constitute solely the right to receive securities, cash or other
property.
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The term "Non-Stock Fundamental Change" means any Fundamental Change other
than a Common Stock Fundamental Change.
The term "Purchaser Stock Price" means, with respect to any Common Stock
Fundamental Change, the average of the Closing Prices for the common stock
received in such Common Stock Fundamental Change for the ten consecutive trading
days prior to and including the Entitlement Date, as adjusted in good faith by
Greenfield to appropriately reflect any of the events referred to in clauses (i)
through (vi) of the first paragraph under "--Conversion Price
Adjustments--General".
The term "Reference Market Price" initially means $22.17 (which is an
amount equal to 662/3% of the last reported sale price for the Greenfield Common
Stock on the NNM on April 18, 1996) and, in the event of any adjustment to the
conversion price other than as a result of a Non-Stock Fundamental Change, the
Reference Market Price shall also be adjusted so that the ratio of the Reference
Market Price to the conversion price after giving effect to any such adjustment
shall always be the same as the ratio of $22.17 to the initial conversion price
of the Convertible Preferred Securities.
OPTIONAL REDEMPTION
Greenfield is permitted to redeem the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures as described herein under "Description of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures--Optional Redemption", in whole or in part, from time to
time, after April 15, 1999, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice.
See "Description of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures--Optional
Redemption". Upon any redemption in whole or in part of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures at the option of Greenfield, the Issuer will, to the
extent of the proceeds of such redemption, redeem Convertible Preferred
Securities and Common Securities at the Redemption Price. In the event that
fewer than all the outstanding Convertible Preferred Securities are to be so
redeemed, the Convertible Preferred Securities to be redeemed will be selected
as described under "--Book-Entry-Only Issuance--The Depository Trust Company"
below.
In the event of any redemption in part, the Trust shall not be required to
(i) issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Convertible Preferred
Security during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any
selection for redemption of Convertible Preferred Securities and ending at the
close of business on the earliest date in which the relevant notice of
redemption is deemed to have been given to all holders of Convertible Preferred
Securities to be so redeemed and (ii) register the transfer of or exchange any
Convertible Preferred Securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in
part, except for the unredeemed portion of any Convertible Preferred Securities
being redeemed in part.
TAX EVENT OR INVESTMENT COMPANY EVENT REDEMPTION OR DISTRIBUTION
If a Tax Event (as defined herein) shall occur and be continuing,
Greenfield shall cause the GFII Trustees to liquidate the Issuer and cause
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures to be distributed to the holders of
the Convertible Preferred Securities in liquidation of the Issuer within 90 days
following the occurrence of such Tax Event; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that such
liquidation and distribution shall be conditioned on (i) the GFII Trustees'
receipt of an opinion of nationally recognized independent tax counsel
(reasonably acceptable to the GFII Trustees) experienced in such matters (a "No
Recognition Opinion"), which opinion may rely on published revenue rulings of
the Internal Revenue Service (the "Service"), to the effect that the holders of
the Convertible Preferred Securities will not recognize any income, gain or loss
for United States Federal income tax purposes as a result of such liquidation
and distribution of Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, and (ii)
Greenfield being unable to avoid such Tax Event within such 90-day period by
taking some ministerial action or pursuing some other reasonable measure that,
in the sole judgment of Greenfield, will have no adverse effect on the Issuer,
Greenfield or the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities and will
involve no material cost. Furthermore, if (i) Greenfield has received an opinion
(a "Redemption Tax Opinion") of nationally recognized independent tax counsel
(reasonably acceptable to the GFII Trustees) experienced in such matters that,
as a result of a Tax Event, there is more than an insubstantial risk that
Greenfield would be precluded from deducting the interest on the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures for United States Federal income tax purposes,
even after the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures were distributed to
the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities upon liquidation of the
Issuer as described above, or (ii) the GFII Trustees shall have been informed by
such tax counsel that it cannot deliver a No Recognition Opinion, Greenfield
shall have the right, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice and
within 90 days following the occurrence of the Tax Event, to redeem the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, in whole (but not in part) for cash,
at par plus accrued and unpaid interest and, following such redemption, all the
Convertible Preferred Securities
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will be redeemed by the Issuer at the liquidation preference of $50 per
Convertible Preferred Security plus accrued and unpaid distributions; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that, if at the time there is available to Greenfield or the Issuer the
opportunity to eliminate, within such 90-day period, the Tax Event by taking
some ministerial action or pursuing some other reasonable measure that, in the
sole judgment of Greenfield, will have no adverse effect on the Issuer,
Greenfield or the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities and will
involve no material cost, the Issuer or Greenfield will pursue such measure in
lieu of redemption. See "--Mandatory Redemption". In lieu of the foregoing
options, Greenfield will also have the option of causing the Convertible
Preferred Securities to remainoutstanding and pay Additional Interest (as
defined herein) on the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures. See
"Description of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures--Additional
Interest".
"Tax Event" means that Greenfield shall have obtained an opinion of
nationally recognized independent tax counsel (reasonably acceptable to the GFII
Trustees) experienced in such matters to the effect that, as a result of (a) any
amendment to or change (including any announced prospective change (which shall
not include a proposed change), provided that a Tax Event shall not occur more
than 90 days before the effective date of any such prospective change) in the
laws (or any regulations thereunder) of the United States or any political
subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein or (b) any amendment to or
change in an interpretation or application of such laws or regulations by any
legislative body, court, governmental agency or regulatory authority (including
the enactment of any legislation and the publication of any judicial decision or
regulatory determination on or after the Original Offering Date), which
amendment or change is effective or which interpretation or pronouncement is
announced on or after the Original Offering Date, there is more than an
insubstantial risk that (i) the Issuer is or will be subject to United States
Federal income tax with respect to interest received on the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures, (ii) interest paid in cash to the Issuer on the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures is not or will not be deductible for
United States Federal income tax purposes or (iii) the Issuer is or will be
subject to more than a DE MINIMIS amount of other taxes, duties, assessments or
other governmental charges.
If an Investment Company Event (as hereinafter defined) shall occur and be
continuing, Greenfield shall cause the GFII Trustees to liquidate the Issuer and
cause the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures to be distributed to the
holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities in liquidation of the Issuer
within 90 days following the occurrence of such Investment Company Event.
The distribution by Greenfield of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures will effectively result in the cancellation of the Convertible
Preferred Securities.
"Investment Company Event" means the occurrence of a change in law or
regulation or a written change in interpretation or application of law or
regulation by any legislative body, court, governmental agency or regulatory
authority (a "Change in 1940 Act Law") to the effect that the Issuer is or will
be considered an "investment company" which is required to be registered under
the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), which Change in
1940 Act Law becomes effective on or after the Orignial Offering Date.
A "Special Event" means either an Investment Company Event or a Tax Event.
After the date fixed for any distribution of Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures (i) the Convertible Preferred Securities will no longer
be deemed to be outstanding, (ii) The Depository Trust Company ("DTC") or its
nominee, as the record holder of the Global Certificates, will receive a
registered global certificate or certificates representing the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures to be delivered upon such distribution and (iii)
any certificates representing Convertible Preferred Securities not held by DTC
or its nominee will be deemed to represent Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures having a principal amount equal to the aggregate of the stated
liquidation preference of such Convertible Preferred Securities, with accrued
and unpaid interest equal to the amount of accrued and unpaid distributions on
such Convertible Preferred Securities, until such certificates are presented to
Greenfield or its agent for transfer or reissuance.
There can be no assurance as to the market prices for the Convertible
Preferred Securities or the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures that may
be distributed in exchange for Convertible Preferred Securities if a dissolution
and liquidation of an Issuer were to occur. Accordingly, the Convertible
Preferred Securities that an investor may purchase, or the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures that the investor may receive on dissolution and
liquidation of an Issuer, may trade at a discount to the price that the investor
paid to purchase the Convertible Preferred Securities offered hereby.
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MANDATORY REDEMPTION
The Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures will mature on March 31,
2016, and may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time after April 15, 1999
or at any time in certain circumstances upon the occurrence of a Special Event.
Upon the repayment or payment of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures,
whether at maturity or upon redemption or otherwise, the proceeds from such
repayment or redemption shall simultaneously be applied to redeem Trust
Securities having an aggregate liquidation amount equal to the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures so repaid or redeemed at the applicable
redemption price together with accrued and unpaid distributions through the date
of redemption; PROVIDED that holders of the Trust Securities shall be given not
less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice of such redemption. See "--Tax Event
or Investment Company Event Redemption or Distribution" and "Description of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures--General" and "Optional Redemption".
Upon the repayment of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures at maturity
or upon any acceleration, earlier redemption or otherwise, the proceeds from
such repayment will be applied to redeem the Convertible Preferred Securities
and Common Securities, in whole, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days'
notice.
REDEMPTION PROCEDURES
The Convertible Preferred Securities will not be redeemed unless all
accrued and unpaid distributions have been paid on all Convertible Preferred
Securities for all quarterly distribution periods terminating on or prior to the
date of redemption.
If the Issuer gives a notice of redemption in respect of Convertible
Preferred Securities (which notice will be irrevocable), then, by 12:00 noon,
New York time, on the redemption date, the Issuer will irrevocably deposit with
DTC funds sufficient to pay the amount payable on redemption and will give DTC
irrevocable instructions and authority to pay such amount in respect of
Convertible Preferred Securities represented by the Global Certificates and will
irrevocably deposit with the paying agent for the Convertible Preferred
Securities funds sufficient to pay such amount in respect of any Certificated
Securities and will give such paying agent irrevocable instructions and
authority to pay such amount to the holders of Certificated Securities upon
surrender of their certificates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, distributions
payable on or prior to the redemption date for any Convertible Preferred
Securities called for redemption shall be payable to the holders of such
Convertible Preferred Securities on the relevant record dates for the related
distribution dates. If notice of redemption shall have been given and funds are
deposited as required, then upon the date of such deposit, all rights of holders
of such Convertible Preferred Securities so called for redemption will cease,
except the right of the holders of such Convertible Preferred Securities to
receive the redemption price, but without interest on such redemption price. In
the event that any date fixed for redemption of Convertible Preferred Securities
is not a Business Day, then payment of the amount payable on such date will be
made on the next succeeding day which is a Business Day (without any interest or
other payment in respect of any such delay), except that, if such Business Day
falls in the next calendar year, such payment will be made on the immediately
preceding Business Day. In the event that payment of the redemption price in
respect of Convertible Preferred Securities is improperly withheld or refused
and not paid either by the Issuer or by Greenfield pursuant to the Guarantee
described under "Description of the Guarantee", distributions on such
Convertible Preferred Securities will continue to accrue at the then applicable
rate, from the original redemption date to the date of payment, in which case
the actual payment date will be considered the date fixed for redemption for
purposes of calculating the amount payable upon redemption (other than for
purposes of calculating any premium).
Subject to the foregoing and applicable law (including, without limitation,
United States Federal securities laws), Greenfield or its subsidiaries may at
any time and from time to time purchase outstanding Convertible Preferred
Securities by tender, in the open market or by private agreement.
SUBORDINATION OF COMMON SECURITIES
Payment of distributions on, and the amount payable upon redemption of, the
Trust Securities, as applicable, shall be made PRO RATA based on the liquidation
preference of the Trust Securities; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, if on any
distribution date or redemption date a Declaration Event of Default (as defined
herein under "--Declaration Events of Default") under the Declaration shall have
occurred and be continuing, no payment of any distribution on, or amount payable
upon redemption of, any Common Security, and no other payment on account of the
redemption, liquidation or other acquisition of Common Securities, shall be made
unless payment in full in cash of all accumulated and unpaid distributions on
all outstanding Convertible Preferred Securities for all distribution periods
terminating on or prior thereto, or in the case of payment of the
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amount payable upon redemption of the Convertible Preferred Securities, the full
amount of such amount in respect of all outstanding Convertible Preferred
Securities shall have been made or provided for, and all funds available to the
Trustee shall first be applied to the payment in full in cash of all
distributions on, or the amount payable upon redemption of, Convertible
Preferred Securities then due and payable.
In the case of any Declaration Event of Default, the holder of Common
Securities will be deemed to have waived any such Declaration Event of Default
until the effect of all such Declaration Events of Default with respect to the
Convertible Preferred Securities have been cured, waived or otherwise
eliminated. Until any such Declaration Events of Default with respect to the
Convertible Preferred Securities have been so cured, waived or otherwise
eliminated, the Trustee shall act solely on behalf of the holders of the
Convertible PreferredSecurities and not the holder of the Common Securities, and
only the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities will have the right to
direct the Trustee to act on their behalf.
LIQUIDATION DISTRIBUTION UPON DISSOLUTION
In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution,
winding up or termination of the Issuer, the holders of the Convertible
Preferred Securities at the time will be entitled to receive out of the assets
of the Issuer available for distribution to holders of Trust Securities after
satisfaction of liabilities of creditors of the Trust, before any distribution
of assets is made to the holders of the Common Securities, an amount equal to
the aggregate of the stated liquidation preference of $50 per Convertible
Preferred Security and accrued and unpaid distributions thereon to the date of
payment (the "Liquidation Distribution"), unless, in connection with such
liquidation, dissolution, winding up or termination, Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures in an aggregate principal amount equal to the
Liquidation Distribution have been distributed on a PRO RATA basis to the
holders of the Trust Securities.
Pursuant to the Declaration, the Issuer shall be dissolved and its affairs
shall be wound up upon the earliest to occur of the following: (i) December 7,
2022, the expiration of the term of the Issuer, (ii) the bankruptcy of
Greenfield or the holder of the Common Securities, (iii) the filing of a
certificate of dissolution or its equivalent with respect to Greenfield or such
holder, or the revocation of Greenfield's or such holder's charter and the
expiration of 90 days after the date of notice to Greenfield or such holder of
revocation without a reinstatement of its charter, (iv) the distribution of all
the assets of the Trust, (v) the entry of a decree of a judicial dissolution of
Greenfield, the Trust or such holder, or (vi) the redemption of all the Trust
Securities.
MERGER, CONSOLIDATION OR AMALGAMATION OF THE ISSUER
The Issuer may not consolidate, amalgamate, merge with or into, or be
replaced by, or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets
substantially as an entirety to any corporation or other entity or person,
except as described below. The Issuer may, without the consent of the holders of
the Convertible Preferred Securities, consolidate, amalgamate, merge with or
into, or be replaced by, a trust organized as such under the laws of any state
of the United States of America or of the District of Columbia; PROVIDED that
(i) if the Issuer is not the survivor, such successor entity either (x)
expressly assumes all of the obligations of the Issuer under the Convertible
Preferred Securities or (y) substitutes for the Convertible Preferred Securities
other securities having substantially the same terms as the Convertible
Preferred Securities (the "Successor Securities") as long as the Successor
Securities rank, with respect to participation in the profits and distributions
or in the assets of the successor entity, at least as high as the Convertible
Preferred Securities rank with respect to participation in the profits and
dividends or in the assets of the Issuer, (ii) Greenfield expressly acknowledges
such successor entity as the holder of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures, (iii) the Convertible Preferred Securities or any Successor
Securities are listed, or any Successor Securities will be listed upon
notification of issuance, on any national securities exchange or other
organization on which the Convertible Preferred Securities are then listed, (iv)
such merger, consolidation, amalgamation or replacement does not cause the
Convertible Preferred Securities (including any Successor Securities) to be
downgraded by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization, (v)
such merger, consolidation, amalgamation or replacement does not adversely
affect the powers, preferences and other special rights of the holders of the
Convertible Preferred Securities (including any Successor Securities) in any
material respect, (vi) such successor entity has a purpose substantially
identical to that of the Issuer, (vii) Greenfield has provided a guarantee to
the holders of the Successor Securities with respect to such successor entity
having substantially the same terms as the Guarantee and (viii) prior to such
merger, consolidation, amalgamation or replacement, Greenfield has received an
opinion of nationally recognized independent counsel (reasonably acceptable to
the Trustee) to the Issuer experienced in such matters to the effect that (x)
such successor entity will be treated as a grantor trust for United States
Federal income tax purposes, (y) following such merger, consolidation,
amalgamation or replacement, neither
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Greenfield nor such successor entity will be required to register as an
investment company under the 1940 Act and (z) such merger, consolidation,
amalgamation or replacement will not adversely affect the limited liability of
the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the Issuer shall not, except with the consent of holders of 100% in
liquidation amount of the Common Securities, consolidate, amalgamate, merge with
or into, or be replaced by any other entity or permit any other entity to
consolidate, amalgamate, merge with or into, or replace it, if such
consolidation, amalgamation, merger or replacement would cause the Issuer or the
Successor Entity to be classified as other than a grantor trust for United
States Federal income tax purposes.
DECLARATION EVENTS OF DEFAULT
An event of default under the Indenture (an "Event of Default") or a
default by Greenfield under the Guarantee constitutes an event of default under
the Declaration with respect to the Trust Securities (a "Declaration Event of
Default"); PROVIDED that, pursuant to the Declaration, the holder of the Common
Securities will be deemed to have waived any Declaration Event of Default with
respect to the Common Securities until all Declaration Events of Default with
respect to the Convertible Preferred Securities have been cured, waived or
otherwise eliminated. Until such Declaration Events of Default with respect to
the Convertible Preferred Securities have been so cured, waived or otherwise
eliminated, the Trustee will be deemed to be acting solely on behalf of the
holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities and only the holders of the
Convertible Preferred Securities will have the right to direct the Trustee with
respect to certain matters under the Declaration and, therefore, the Indenture.
As long as the Convertible Preferred Securities are outstanding, upon the
occurrence of a Declaration Event of Default, the Trustee as the sole holder of
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures will have the right under the
Indenture to declare the principal of and interest on the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures to be immediately due and payable. Greenfield and the
Issuer are each required to file annually with the Trustee an officer's
certificate as to its compliance with all conditions and covenants under the
Declaration.
VOTING RIGHTS; AMENDMENT OF DECLARATION
Except as described herein, under the Trust Act and under "Description of
the Guarantee--Amendments and Assignment", and as otherwise required by law and
the Declaration, the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities will have
no voting rights.
In the event of a payment default on the Convertible Preferred Securities,
any holder of the Convertible Preferred Securities may institute a legal
proceeding directly against Greenfield to enforce its rights under the Guarantee
without first instituting a legal proceeding against the Issuer, the Guarantee
Trustee or any other person or entity. In addition to the rights of the holders
of the Convertible Preferred Securities with respect to the enforcement of
payment to Greenfield or the Issuer of principal of or interest on the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures as provided under "Description of the
Guarantee -- General" and "Description of Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures--Events of Default", if (i) the Issuer fails to pay distributions in
full on the Convertible Preferred Securities for six consecutive quarterly
distribution periods (whether or not a Deferral Period is in effect) or (ii) a
Declaration Event of Default occurs and is continuing (each an "Appointment
Event"), then the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities, acting as a
single class, will be entitled by the majority vote of such holders to appoint a
Special Trustee. For purposes of determining whether the Issuer has failed to
pay distributions in full for six consecutive quarterly distribution periods,
distributions shall be deemed to remain in arrears, notwithstanding any payments
in respect thereof, until full cumulative distributions have been or
contemporaneously are paid with respect to all quarterly distribution periods
terminating on or prior to the date of payment of such cumulative distributions.
Any holder of Convertible Preferred Securities (other than Greenfield or any of
its affiliates) shall be entitled to nominate any person to be appointed as
Special Trustee. Not later than 30 days after such right to appoint a Special
Trustee arises, the GFII Trustees shall convene a meeting of the holders of
Convertible Preferred Securities for the purpose of appointing a Special
Trustee. If the GFII Trustees fail to convene such meeting within such 30-day
period, the holders of not less than 10% of the aggregate stated liquidation
amount of the outstanding Convertible Preferred Securities will be entitled to
convene such meeting. The provisions of the Declaration relating to the
convening and conduct of the meetings of the holders will apply with respect to
any such meeting. Any Special Trustee so appointed shall cease to be a Special
Trustee if the Appointment Event pursuant to which the Special Trustee was
appointed and all other Appointment Events cease to be continuing.
Notwithstanding the appointment of any such Special Trustee, Greenfield shall
retain all rights under the Indenture, including the right to defer payments of
interest by
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extending the interest payment period as provided under "Description of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures--Option to Extend Interest Payment
Period". If such an extension occurs, there will be no Event of Default under
the Indenture and, consequently, no Declaration Event of Default for failure to
make any scheduled interest payment during the Deferral Period on the date
originally scheduled.
Subject to the requirement of the Trustee obtaining a tax opinion in
certain circumstances set forth in the last sentence of this paragraph, the
holders of a majority in aggregate liquidation amount of the Convertible
Preferred Securities have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or direct the
exercise of any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under the Declaration
including the right to direct the Trustee, as holder of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures, to (i) exercise the remedies available under the
Indenture with respect to the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, (ii)
waive any past Event of Default that is waiveable under the Indenture, (iii)
exercise any right to rescind or annul a declaration that the principal of all
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures shall be due and payable; or (iv)
consent to any amendment, modification or termination of the Indenture or such
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, where such consent shall be
required; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, where a consent or action under the Indenture
would require the consent or act of the holders of more than a majority of the
aggregate principal amount of Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures
affected thereby, only the holders of the percentage of the aggregate stated
liquidation preference of the Convertible Preferred Securities which is at least
equal to the percentage required under the Indenture may direct the Trustee to
give such consent or take such action. The Issuer Trustees shall not revoke any
action previously authorized or approved by a vote of the Convertible Preferred
Securities except by subsequent vote of the holders of the Convertible Preferred
Securities. A holder of Convertible Preferred Securities may also directly
institute a proceeding on behalf of the Issuer for enforcement of payment to the
Issuer of the principal of or interest on the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures on or after the respective due dates specified in the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures. The holders of the Convertible Preferred
Securities would not be able to exercise directly any other remedies available
to the holder of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures unless the
Trustee or the Indenture Trustee, acting for the benefit of the Trustee, fails
to do so. In such event, the holders of at least 25% in aggregate liquidation
preference of outstanding Convertible Preferred Securities would have a right to
institute such proceedings. The Trustee shall notify all holders of the
Convertible Preferred Securities of any notice of default received from the
Indenture Trustee with respect to the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures. Such notice shall state that such Event of Default also constitutes
a Declaration Event of Default. Except with respect to directing the time,
method and place of conducting a proceeding for a remedy, the Trustee shall not
take any of the actions described in clause (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) above
unless the Trustee has obtained an opinion of tax counsel to the effect that, as
a result of such action, the Issuer will not fail to be classified as a grantor
trust for United States Federal income tax purposes.
In the event the consent of the Trustee, as the holder of the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures, is required under the Indenture with respect to
any amendment, modification or termination of the Indenture, the Trustee shall
request the direction of the holders of the Trust Securities with respect to
such amendment, modification or termination and shall vote with respect to such
amendment, modification or termination as directed by a majority in liquidation
amount of the Trust Securities voting together as a single class; provided,
however, that, where a consent under the Indenture would require the consent of
the holders of more than a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, the Trustee may only give such
consent at the direction of the holders of at least the same proportion in
aggregate stated liquidation preference of the Trust Securities. The Trustee
shall not take any such action in accordance with the directions of the holders
of the Trust Securities unless the Trustee has obtained an opinion of tax
counsel to the effect that for the purposes of United States Federal income tax
the Issuer will not be classified as other than a grantor trust.
A waiver of an Event of Default under the Indenture will constitute a
waiver of the corresponding Declaration Event of Default.
The Declaration may be amended from time to time by the Issuer Trustees,
without the consent of the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities (i)
to cure any ambiguity, correct or supplement any provisions in the Declaration
that may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision, (ii) to add to
the covenants, restrictions or obligations of Greenfield, (iii) to conform to
any change in Rule 3a-5 of the 1940 Act or written change in interpretation or
application of Rule 3a-5 of the 1940 Act by any legislative body, court,
government agency or regulatory authority, (iv) to modify, eliminate or add to
any provisions of the Declaration to such extent as shall be necessary to ensure
that the Issuer will be classified for United States Federal income tax purposes
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as a grantor trust at all times that any Convertible Preferred Securities and
Common Securities are outstanding; provided, however, that in the case of (iii)
and (iv), such amendment shall not adversely affect in any material respect the
interests of any holder of Convertible Preferred Securities or Common
Securities. In addition, if any proposed amendment to the Declaration provides
for (i) any action that would adversely affect the powers, preferences or
special rights of the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities or the
Common Securities, whether by way of amendment to the Declaration or otherwise,
or (ii) the dissolution, winding-up or termination of the Trust, other than as
described in the Declaration, then the holders of outstanding Convertible
Preferred Securities or Common Securities as a class, will be entitled to vote
on such amendment or proposal (but not on any other amendment or proposal) and
such amendment or proposal shall not be effective except with the approval of
the holders of at least 662/3% in liquidation amount of the Convertible
Preferred Securities or Common Securities, voting together as a single class
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, the rights of holders of Convertible Preferred
Securities to appoint, remove or replace a Special Trustee shall not be amended
without the consent of each holder of Convertible Preferred Securities;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, if any amendment or proposal referred to in clause (i) above
would adversely affect only the Convertible Preferred Securities or only the
Common Securities, then only the affected class will be entitled to vote on such
amendment or proposal and such amendment or proposal shall not be effective
except with the approval of 662/3% in liquidation amount of such class.
Any required approval or direction of holders of Convertible Preferred
Securities may be given at a separate meeting of holders of Convertible
Preferred Securities convened for such purpose, at a meeting of all of the
holders of Trust Securities or pursuant to written consent. The GFII Trustees
will cause a notice of any meeting at which holders of Convertible Preferred
Securities are entitled to vote, or of any matter upon which action by written
consent of such holders is to be taken, to be mailed to each holder of record of
Convertible Preferred Securities. Each such notice will include a statement
setting forth the following information: (i) the date of such meeting or the
date by which such action is to be taken; (ii) a description of any resolution
proposed for adoption at such meeting on which such holders are entitled to vote
or of such matter upon which written consent is sought; and (iii) instructions
for the delivery of proxies or consents. No vote or consent of the holders of
Convertible Preferred Securities will be required for the Issuer to redeem and
cancel Convertible Preferred Securities or distribute Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures in accordance with the Declaration.
Notwithstanding that holders of Convertible Preferred Securities are
entitled to vote or consent under any of the circumstances described above, any
of the Convertible Preferred Securities that are owned at such time by
Greenfield or any entity directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by, or
under direct or indirect common control with, Greenfield, shall not be entitled
to vote or consent and shall, for purposes of such vote or consent, be treated
as if such Convertible Preferred Securities were not outstanding.
The procedures by which holders of Convertible Preferred Securities may
exercise their voting rights are described below. See "--Book-Entry-Only
Issuance--The Depository Trust Company" below.
Except in the limited circumstances described above, in connection with the
appointment of a Special Trustee, holders of the Convertible Preferred
Securities will have no rights to appoint or remove the Issuer Trustees, who may
be appointed, removed or replaced solely by Greenfield as the indirect or direct
holder of all of the Common Securities.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
In connection with the Original Offering, the Company entered into a
registration rights agreement dated April 24, 1996 (the "Registration Rights
Agreement") with the Initial Purchasers, for the benefit of the holders of the
Convertible Preferred Securities, pursuant to which the Company agreed that it
would, at its cost, (a) file a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (a "Shelf
Registration Statement") covering resales of the Convertible Preferred
Securities (together with the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, the
Guarantee and the related Greenfield Common Stock and Rights) pursuant to Rule
415 under the Securities Act, (b) use its best efforts to cause the Shelf
Registration Statement to be declared effective under the Securities Act and (c)
keep the Shelf Registration Statement effective after its effective date for as
long as shall be required under Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act or any
successor rule or regulation thereto. In addition, the Company agreed that it
would, in the event a Shelf Registration Statement is filed, among other things,
provide to each holder for whom such Shelf Registration Statement was filed
copies of the prospectus which is a part of the Shelf Registration Statement,
notify each such holder when the Shelf Registration Statement has become
effective and take certain other actions as are required to permit unrestricted
resales of such Securities. A holder selling such Securities pursuant to the
Shelf Registration Statement generally would be required to be
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named as a selling security holder in the prospectus and to deliver such
prospectus to purchasers, would be subject to certain of the civil liability
provisions under the Securities Act in connection with such sales and would be
bound by the provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement which are
applicable to such holder (including certain indemnification obligations).
If (i) by June 23, 1996, the Shelf Registration Statement had not been
filed with the SEC; (ii) by October 21, 1996, the Shelf Registration Statement
had not been declared effective by the SEC; or (iii) after the Shelf
Registration Statement had been declared effective, such Registration Statement
ceases to be effective or usable (subject to certain exceptions) in connection
with resales of Convertible Preferred Securities in accordance with and during
the periods specified in the Registration Rights Agreement (each such event
referred to in clauses (i) through (iii) a "Registration Default"), the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures would bear interest at the rate per
annum of 6.50% and, therefore, distributions would accrue on the Convertible
Preferred Securities at the rate of 6.50% per annum, from and including the date
on which any such Registration Default shall have occurred to but excluding the
date on which all Registration Defaults have been cured. At all other times,
interest will accrue on the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures and
distributions will accrue on the Convertible Preferred Securities at a rate of
6% per annum.
The summary herein of certain provisions of the Registration Rights
Agreement is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, all
the provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement, a copy of which has been
filed with the Commission as an exhibit to Greenfield's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1996 and is incorporated by reference
herein.
BOOK-ENTRY-ONLY ISSUANCE--THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY
The description of book-entry procedures in this Prospectus includes
summaries of certain rules and operating procedures of DTC that affect transfers
of interests in the global certificate or certificates issued in connection with
sales of Convertible Preferred Securities made pursuant to this Prospectus. One
or more fully registered global Convertible Preferred Security certificates
(without restrictive legends) (the "Global Certificates") will be issued in the
name of Cede & Co. (as nominee for DTC), representing, in the aggregate,
Convertible Preferred Securities sold pursuant to this Prospectus, and will be
deposited with DTC.
In the event of a transfer of securities which were issued in fully
registered, certificated form ("Certificated Securities") on the Original
Offering Date, the holder of such certificates will be required to exchange them
for interests in the Global Certificates representing the number of Convertible
Preferred Securities being transferred.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking
Law, a "banking organization" within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a
member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation" within the
meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a "clearing agency"
registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC
holds securities that its participants ("Participants") deposit with DTC. DTC
also facilitates the settlement among Participants of securities transactions,
such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic
computerized book-entry changes in Participants' accounts, thereby eliminating
the need for physical movement of securities certificates. Participants in DTC
include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing
corporations and certain other organizations. DTC is owned by a number of its
Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., the American Stock
Exchange, Inc., and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Access
to the DTC system is also available to others such as securities brokers and
dealers and banks and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial
relationship with a Participant, either directly or indirectly ("Indirect
Participants"). The rules applicable to DTC and its Participants are on file
with the Commission.
Purchases of Convertible Preferred Securities within the DTC system must be
made by or through Participants, which will receive a credit for the Convertible
Preferred Securities on DTC's records. The ownership interest of each actual
purchaser of Convertible Preferred Securities ("Beneficial Owner") is in turn to
be recorded on the Participants' and Indirect Participants' records. Beneficial
Owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchases, but
Beneficial Owners are expected to receive written confirmations providing
details of the transactions, as well as periodic statements of their holdings,
from the Participants or Indirect Participants through which the Beneficial
Owners purchased Convertible Preferred Securities. Transfers of ownership
interests in the Convertible Preferred Securities are to be accomplished by
entries made on the books of Participants and Indirect Participants acting on
behalf of Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners will not
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receive certificates representing their ownership interests in Convertible
Preferred Securities, except in the event that use of the book-entry system for
the Convertible Preferred Securities is discontinued.
DTC has no knowledge of the actual Beneficial Owners of the Convertible
Preferred Securities; DTC's records reflect only the identity of the
Participants to whose accounts such Convertible Preferred Securities are
credited, which may or may not be the Beneficial Owners. The Participants and
Indirect Participants will remain responsible for keeping account of their
holdings on behalf of their customers.
Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to Participants, by
Participants to Indirect Participants, and by Participants and Indirect
Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by arrangements among them,
subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from
time to time.
Redemption notices in respect of the Convertible Preferred Securities held
in book-entry form shall be sent to Cede & Co. If less than all of the
Convertible Preferred Securities are being redeemed, DTC will determine the
amount of the interest of each Participant to be redeemed in accordance with its
procedures.
Although voting with respect to the Convertible Preferred Securities is
limited, in those cases where a vote is required, neither DTC nor Cede & Co.
will itself consent or vote with respect to Convertible PreferredSecurities.
Under its usual procedures, DTC would mail an Omnibus Proxy to the Issuer as
soon as possible after the record date. The Omnibus Proxy assigns Cede & Co.'s
consenting or voting rights to those Participants to whose accounts the
Convertible Preferred Securities are credited on the record date (identified in
a listing attached to the Omnibus Proxy).
Distributions on the Convertible Preferred Securities held in book-entry
form will be made to DTC in immediately available funds. DTC's practice is to
credit Direct Participants' accounts on the relevant payment date in accordance
with their respective holdings shown on DTC's records unless DTC has reason to
believe that it will not receive payments on such payment date. Payments by
Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by
standing instructions and customary practices and will be the responsibility of
such Participants and Indirect Participants and not of DTC, the Issuer or
Greenfield, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in
effect from time to time. Payment of distributions to DTC is the responsibility
of the Issuer, disbursement of such payments to Participants is the
responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of such payments to the Beneficial
Owners is the responsibility of Participants and Indirect Participants.
Except as provided herein, a Beneficial Owner of an interest in a global
Convertible Preferred Security will not be entitled to receive physical delivery
of Convertible Preferred Securities. Accordingly, each Beneficial Owner must
rely on the procedures of DTC to exercise any rights under the Convertible
Preferred Securities.
DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depository with
respect to the Convertible Preferred Securities at any time by giving notice to
the Issuer. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor securities
depository is not obtained, Convertible Preferred Security certificates are
required to be printed and delivered. Additionally, the Issuer (with the consent
of Greenfield) may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry
transfers through DTC (or a successor depository). In that event, certificates
for the Convertible Preferred Securities will be printed and delivered. In each
of the above circumstances, Greenfield will appoint a paying agent with respect
to the Convertible Preferred Securities.
The information in this section concerning DTC and DTC's book-entry system
has been obtained from sources that Greenfield and the Issuer believe to be
reliable, but none of Greenfield, the Issuer or the Issuer Trustees takes
responsibility for the accuracy thereof.
The laws of some jurisdictions require that certain purchasers of
securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. Such laws
may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in the global
Convertible Preferred Securities as represented by a Global Certificate.
PAYMENT AND PAYING AGENCY
Payments in respect of the Convertible Preferred Securities shall be made
to DTC, which shall credit the relevant accounts at DTC on the applicable
distribution dates or, in the case of Certificated Securities, such payments
shall be made by check mailed to the address of the holder entitled thereto as
such address shall
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appear on the Register. The Paying Agent shall initially be The Bank of New
York. The Paying Agent shall be permitted to resign as Paying Agent upon 30
days' written notice to the Issuer Trustees. In the event that The Bank of New
York shall no longer be the Paying Agent, the Trustee shall appoint a successor
to act as Paying Agent (which shall be a bank or trust company).
REGISTRAR, TRANSFER AGENT, PAYING AGENT AND CONVERSION AGENT
The Bank of New York acts as registrar, transfer agent, paying agent and
Conversion Agent for the Convertible Preferred Securities.
Registration of transfers of Convertible Preferred Securities will be
effected without charge by or on behalf of the Issuer, but upon payment (with
the giving of such indemnity as the Issuer or Greenfield may require) in respect
of any tax or other government charges which may be imposed in relation to it.
The Issuer will not be required to register or cause to be registered the
transfer of Convertible Preferred Securities after such Convertible Preferred
Securities have been called for redemption.
INFORMATION CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE
The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of a default with respect to the Trust
Securities, undertakes to perform only such duties as are specifically set forth
in the Declaration and, after default, shall exercise the same degree of care as
a prudent individual would exercise in the conduct of his or her own affairs.
Subject to such provisions, the Trustee is under no obligation to exercise any
of the powers vested in it by the Declaration at the request of any holder of
Convertible Preferred Securities, unless offered reasonable indemnity by such
holder against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred
thereby. The holders of Convertible Preferred Securities will not be required to
offer such indemnity in the event such holders, by exercising their voting
rights, direct the Trustee to take any action following a Declaration Event of
Default.
GOVERNING LAW
The Declaration and the Convertible Preferred Securities will be governed
by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of
Delaware.
MISCELLANEOUS
The Issuer Trustees are authorized and directed to conduct the affairs of
and to operate the Issuer in such a way that the Issuer will not be deemed to be
an "investment company" required to be registered under the 1940 Act or
characterized as other than a grantor trust for Federal income tax purposes and
so that the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures will be treated as
indebtedness of Greenfield for United States Federal income tax purposes. In
this connection, the Issuer Trustees are authorized to take any action, not
inconsistent with applicable law, the certificate of trust or the Declaration
that the Issuer Trustees determine in their discretion to be necessary or
desirable for such purposes as long as such action does not adversely affect the
interests of the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities.
Holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities have no preemptive rights.
The Issuer may not borrow money or issue debt or mortgage or pledge any of
its assets.
DESCRIPTION OF THE GUARANTEE
SET FORTH BELOW IS A SUMMARY OF INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GUARANTEE WHICH
WAS EXECUTED AND DELIVERED BY GREENFIELD FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE HOLDERS FROM
TIME TO TIME OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES. THE SUMMARY IS SUBJECT IN ALL
RESPECTS TO THE PROVISIONS OF, AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO,
THE GUARANTEE. THE GUARANTEE INCORPORATES BY REFERENCE THE TERMS OF THE TRUST
INDENTURE ACT AND WILL BE QUALIFIED THEREUNDER. THE BANK OF NEW YORK ACTS AS
TRUSTEE UNDER THE GUARANTEE FOR PURPOSES OF THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT. THE BANK OF
NEW YORK, AS THE GUARANTEE TRUSTEE, HOLDS THE GUARANTEE FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE
HOLDERS OF THE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES.
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GENERAL
Pursuant to the Guarantee, Greenfield has irrevocably agreed, to the extent
set forth herein, to pay in full on a subordinated basis, to the holders of the
Convertible Preferred Securities, the Guarantee Payments (as defined herein), as
and when due, regardless of any defense, right of set off or counterclaim that
the Issuer may have or assert. The following payments with respect to the
Convertible Preferred Securities, to the extent not paid by or on behalf of the
Issuer (the "Guarantee Payments"), are subject to the Guarantee (without
duplication): (i) any accrued and unpaid distributions which are required to be
paid on the Convertible Preferred Securities to the extent of funds of the Trust
available therefor, (ii) the amount payable upon redemption of the Convertible
Preferred Securities, to the extent of funds of the Trust available therefor,
with respect to any Convertible Preferred Securities called for redemption by
the Issuer and (iii) upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up or
termination of the Issuer (other than in connection with the distribution of
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures to the holders of the Convertible
Preferred Securities in exchange for Convertible Preferred Securities as
provided in the Declaration), the lesser of (a) the aggregate of the liquidation
preference and all accrued and unpaid dividends on the Convertible Preferred
Securities to the date of payment, to the extent of funds of the Trust available
therefor, and (b) the amount of assets of the Issuer remaining available for
distribution to holders of Convertible Preferred Securities upon the liquidation
of the Issuer. Greenfield's obligation to make a Guarantee Payment may be
satisfied by direct payment of the required amounts by Greenfield to the holders
of Convertible Preferred Securities or by causing the Issuer to pay such amounts
to such holders.
Because the Guarantee is a guarantee of payment and not of collection,
holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities may proceed directly against
Greenfield as guarantor, rather than having to proceed against the Issuer before
attempting to collect from Greenfield, and Greenfield waives any right or remedy
to require that any action be brought against the Issuer or any other person or
entity before proceeding against Greenfield. Such obligations will not be
discharged except by payment of the Guarantee Payments in full.
If Greenfield fails to make interest payments on the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures or pay amounts payable upon the redemption, acceleration
or maturity of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, the Issuer will
have insufficient funds to pay distributions on or to pay amounts payable upon
the redemption or repayment of the Convertible Preferred Securities. The
Guarantee does not cover payment of distributions or the amount payable upon
redemption or repayment in respect of the Convertible Preferred Securities when
the Issuer does not have sufficient funds to pay such distributions or such
amount. However, Greenfield has, through the Guarantee, the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures, the Indenture and the Declaration, taken together,
fully, irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed all of the Issuer's
obligations under the Convertible Preferred Securities. No single document
standing alone or operating in conjunction with fewer than all of the other
documents constitutes such guarantee. It is only the combined operation of these
documents that provides a full, irrevocable and unconditional guarantee of the
Issuer's obligations under the Convertible Preferred Securities. See "Effect of
Obligations Under the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures and the
Guarantee".
CERTAIN COVENANTS OF GREENFIELD
In the Guarantee, Greenfield has covenanted that, so long as any
Convertible Preferred Securities remain outstanding, if at such time (i)
Greenfield has exercised its option to defer interest payments on the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures and such deferral is continuing, (ii)
Greenfield shall be in default with respect to its payment or other obligations
under the Guarantee or (iii) there shall have occurred any event that, with the
giving of notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute an Event of
Default under the Indenture, then Greenfield (a) shall not declare or pay
dividends on, make distributions with respect to, or redeem, purchase or
acquire, or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of its capital stock
(other than stock dividends paid by Greenfield which consist of the stock of the
same class as that on which the dividend is being paid and other than
redemptions or purchases of any Rights and the declaration of a dividend of such
Rights in the future), (b) shall not make any payment of interest, principal or
premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt securities issued by
Greenfield that rank PARI PASSU with or junior to the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures, and (c) shall not make any guarantee payments with
respect to the foregoing (other than pursuant to the Guarantee).
As part of the Guarantee, Greenfield has agreed that it will honor all
obligations described therein relating to the conversion of the Convertible
Preferred Securities into Greenfield Common Stock as described in "Description
of the Convertible Preferred Securities--Conversion Rights".
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AMENDMENTS AND ASSIGNMENT
Except with respect to any changes which do not adversely affect the rights
of holders of Convertible Preferred Securities (in which case no consent of the
holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities will be required), the Guarantee
may be changed only with the prior approval of the holders of not less than
662/3% in aggregate stated liquidation preference of the outstanding Convertible
Preferred Securities. The manner of obtaining any such approval of holders of
the Convertible Preferred Securities is as set forth under "Description of the
Convertible Preferred Securities--Voting Rights; Amendment of Declaration". All
guarantees and agreements contained in the Guarantee shall bind the successors,
assigns, receivers, trustees and representatives of Greenfield and shall inure
to the benefit of the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities then
outstanding. Except in connection with any permitted merger or consolidation of
Greenfield with or into another entity or any permitted sale, transfer or lease
of Greenfield's assets to another entity as described below under "Description
of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures--Restrictions", Greenfield may
not assign its rights or delegate its obligations under the Guarantee without
the prior approval of the holders of at least 662/3% of the aggregate stated
liquidation preference of the Convertible Preferred Securities then outstanding.
TERMINATION OF THE GUARANTEE
The Guarantee will terminate as to each holder of Convertible Preferred
Securities and be of no further force and effect upon (a) full payment of the
applicable redemption price of such holder's Convertible Preferred Securities or
(b) the distribution of Greenfield Common Stock to such holder in respect of the
conversion of such holder's Convertible Preferred Securities into Greenfield
Common Stock or the distribution of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures to all holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities and will
terminate completely upon full payment of the amounts payable upon liquidation
of the Issuer. The Guarantee will continue to be effective or will be
reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time any holder of Convertible
Preferred Securities must restore payment of any sums paid under such
Convertible Preferred Securities or the Guarantee.
STATUS OF THE GUARANTEE; SUBORDINATION
The Guarantee constitutes an unsecured obligation of Greenfield and ranks
(i) subordinate and junior in right of payment to all liabilities of Greenfield,
except any liabilities that may be made PARI PASSU expressly by their terms,
(ii) PARI PASSU with the most senior preferred or preference stock now or
hereafter issued by Greenfield and with any guarantee now or hereafter entered
into by Greenfield in respect of any preferred or preference stock or preferred
securities of any affiliate of Greenfield and (iii) senior to Greenfield Common
Stock. Upon the bankruptcy, liquidation or winding up of Greenfield, its
obligations under the Guarantee will rank junior to all its other liabilities
(except as aforesaid) and, therefore, funds may not be available for payment
under the Guarantee.
The Declaration provides that each holder of Convertible Preferred
Securities by acceptance thereof agrees to the subordination provisions and
other terms of the Guarantee.
INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GUARANTEE TRUSTEE
The Guarantee Trustee, prior to the occurrence of a default, has undertaken
to perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in the Guarantee and,
after default with respect to the Guarantee, shall exercise the same degree of
care as a prudent individual would exercise in the conduct of his or her own
affairs. Subject to such provision, the Guarantee Trustee is under no obligation
to exercise any of the powers vested in it by the Guarantee at the request of
any holder of Convertible Preferred Securities unless it is offered reasonable
indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred
thereby.
GOVERNING LAW
The Guarantee is governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of
the State of New York.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE CONVERTIBLE JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
SET FORTH BELOW IS A DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC TERMS OF THE CONVERTIBLE
JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES IN WHICH THE ISSUER INVESTED THE PROCEEDS OF THE
ISSUANCE AND SALE OF (i) THE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES AND (ii) THE
COMMON SECURITIES. THE FOLLOWING SUMMARY IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY
REFERENCE TO THE INDENTURE DATED AS OF APRIL 1, 1996 (THE "INDENTURE"), BETWEEN
GREENFIELD AND THE BANK OF NEW YORK, AS INDENTURE TRUSTEE. THE INDENTURE WILL BE
QUALIFIED UNDER THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT. THE BANK OF NEW YORK ACTS AS TRUSTEE
UNDER THE INDENTURE FOR PURPOSES OF THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT. WHENEVER PARTICULAR
PROVISIONS OR DEFINED TERMS IN THE INDENTURE ARE REFERRED TO HEREIN, SUCH
PROVISIONS OR DEFINED TERMS ARE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE HEREIN.
Under certain circumstances involving the dissolution of the Issuer
following the occurrence of a Tax Event or Investment Company Event, Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures may be distributed to the holders of the
Convertible Preferred Securities in liquidation of the Issuer. See "Description
of the Convertible Preferred Securities--Tax Event or Investment Company Event
Redemption or Distribution".
GENERAL
The Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures were issued as a series of
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures under the Indenture. The Trustee is
the initial holder of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures. The
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures are limited in aggregate principal
amount to approximately 103.092784% of the aggregate stated liquidation
preference of the Convertible Preferred Securities, such amount being the sum of
the aggregate stated liquidation preference of the Convertible Preferred
Securities and the Common Securities. The Indenture does not limit the aggregate
principal amount of Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures which may be
issued thereunder and provides that the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures may be issued thereunder from time to time in one or more series.
The entire principal amount of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures will become due and payable, together with any accrued and unpaid
interest thereon, including Additional Interest, if any, on March 31, 2016.
The Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures are unsecured and rank
junior and are subordinate in right of payment to all Senior Indebtedness of
Greenfield. See "--Subordination".
The Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, if distributed to holders
of Convertible Preferred Securities in a dissolution of the Issuer, will
initially be issued as a global security to the extent of any Global
Certificates at the time representing any Convertible Preferred Securities and
otherwise in fully registered, certificated form. In the event that Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures are issued in certificated form, such Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures will be in denominations of $50 and integral
multiples thereof and may be transferred or exchanged at the offices described
below.
Payments on Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures issued as a global
security will be made to DTC, as the depository for the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures. In the event Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures
are issued in certificated form, principal and interest will be payable, the
transfer of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures will be registrable
and Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures will be exchangeable for
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures of other denominations of a like
aggregate principal amount at the corporate trust office of the Indenture
Trustee in The City of New York; PROVIDED that, unless the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures are held by the Issuer or any successor permissible
under "Description of the Convertible Preferred Securities--Merger,
Consolidation or Amalgamation of the Issuer", payment of interest may be made at
the option of Greenfield by check mailed to the address of the persons entitled
thereto.
The Indenture does not contain any provisions that afford holders of
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures protection in the event of a highly
leveraged transaction involving Greenfield. The Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures are not entitled to the benefit of any sinking fund.
INTEREST
Each Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture bears interest at the rate
of 6% per annum from the Original Offering Date, payable quarterly in arrears on
March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 (each, an "Interest Payment
Date"), commencing June 30, 1996, to the person in whose name such Convertible
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Junior Subordinated Debenture is registered at the close of business on the day
immediately preceding such Interest Payment Date. Interest compounds quarterly
and accrues at the annual rate of 6% on any interest installment not paid when
due.
The amount of interest payable for any period is computed on the basis of a
360-day year of twelve 30-day months. In the event that any date on which
interest is payable on the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures is not a
Business Day, then payment of the interest payable on such date will be made on
the next succeeding day which is a Business Day (without any interest or other
payment in respect of any such delay), except that, if such Business Day is in
the next succeeding calendar year, such payment shall be made on the immediately
preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force and effect as if made
on such date.
OPTION TO EXTEND INTEREST PAYMENT PERIOD
Greenfield shall have the right at any time during the term of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures to defer interest payments from time
to time for successive periods not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters for each
such period. At the end of each Deferral Period, Greenfield shall pay all
interest then accrued and unpaid (together with interest thereon at the rate
specified for the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures to the extent
permitted by applicable law). In no event shall any Deferral Period extend
beyond the maturity of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures. During
any Deferral Period, Greenfield (i) shall not declare or pay dividends on, make
distributions with respect to, or redeem, purchase or acquire, or make a
liquidation payment with respect to, any of its capital stock (other than stock
dividends paid by Greenfield which consist of stock of the same class as that on
which the dividend is being paid and other than redemptions or purchases of any
Rights and the declaration of a dividend of such Rights in the future), (ii)
shall not make any payment of interest, principal or premium, if any, on or
repay, repurchase or redeem any debt securities issued by Greenfield that rank
PARI PASSU with or junior to the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, and
(iii) shall not make any guarantee payments with respect to the foregoing (other
than pursuant to the Guarantee). Prior to the termination of any such Deferral
Period, Greenfield may further extend such Deferral Period; PROVIDED that such
Deferral Period together with all previous and further extensions thereof may
not exceed 20 consecutive quarters. Upon the termination of any Deferral Period
and the payment of all amounts then due, Greenfield may select a new Deferral
Period, subject to the above requirements. No interest during a Deferral Period,
except at the end thereof, shall be due and payable. If the Issuer shall be the
sole holder of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, Greenfield shall
give the Issuer notice of its selection of such Deferral Period at least one
Business Day prior to the earlier of (i) the date the distributions on the
Convertible Preferred Securities are payable or (ii) the date the Issuer is
required to give notice to any applicable self-regulatory organization or to
holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities on the record date or the date
such distribution is payable, but in any event not less than ten Business Days
prior to such record date. Greenfield shall cause the Issuer to give notice of
Greenfield's selection of such Deferral Period to the holders of the Convertible
Preferred Securities. If the Issuer shall not be the sole holder of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, Greenfield shall give the holders of
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures notice of its selection of such
Deferral Period at least ten Business Days prior to the earlier of (i) the
Interest Payment Date or (ii) the date Greenfield is required to give notice to
any applicable self-regulatory organization or to holders of the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures on the record or payment date of such related
interest payment, but in any event not less than two Business Days prior to such
record date.
ADDITIONAL INTEREST
If the Issuer would be required to pay any taxes, duties, assessments or
governmental charges of whatever nature (other than withholding taxes) imposed
by the United States, or any other taxing authority, then, in any such case,
Greenfield will pay as additional interest ("Additional Interest") such amounts
as shall be required so that the net amounts received and retained by the Issuer
after paying any such taxes, duties, assessments or governmental charges will be
not less than the amounts the Issuer would have received had no such taxes,
duties, assessments or governmental charges been imposed.
CONVERSION OF THE CONVERTIBLE JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
The Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures are convertible into
Greenfield Common Stock at the option of the holders of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures at any time at the initial conversion price set forth in
this Prospectus subject to the conversion price adjustments described under
"Description of the Convertible Preferred Securities--Conversion Rights". The
Issuer has agreed not to convert Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures held
by it except pursuant to a notice of conversion delivered to the Conversion
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Agent by a holder of Convertible Preferred Securities. Upon surrender of a
Convertible Preferred Security to the Conversion Agent for conversion, the
Issuer will distribute $50 principal amount of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures to the Conversion Agent on behalf of the holder of the
Convertible Preferred Securities so converted, whereupon the Conversion Agent
will convert such Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures into Greenfield
Common Stock on behalf of such holder. Greenfield's delivery to the holders of
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures (through the Conversion Agent) of
the fixed number of shares of Greenfield Common Stock into which the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures are convertible (together with the cash payment,
if any, in lieu of fractional shares) will be deemed to satisfy Greenfield's
obligation to pay the principal amount of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures so converted, and the accrued and unpaid interest thereon
attributable to the period from the last date to which interest has been paid or
duly provided for; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if any Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debenture is converted after a record date for payment of interest,
the interest payable on the related interest payment date with respect to such
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture shall be paid to the Issuer (which
will distribute such interest to the converting holder) or other holder of
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, as the case may be, despite such
conversion.
OPTIONAL REDEMPTION
Greenfield shall have the right to redeem the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time
after April 15, 1999, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice, at a
redemption price equal to $52.10 per $50 principal amount of the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures to be redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid
interest, including Additional Interest, if any, to the redemption date, if
redeemed on or before April 15, 2000, and at the following redemption prices per
$50 principal amount of Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, if redeemed
during the 12-month period ending April 15:
Price per $50
Principal
Year Amount
---- -------------
2001 ........................... $51.80
2002 ........................... 51.50
2003 ........................... 51.20
2004 ........................... 50.90
2005 ........................... 50.60
2006 ........................... 50.30
and thereafter at $50 per $50 principal amount of Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest,
including Additional Interest, if any, to the redemption date.
In the event of any redemption in part, Greenfield shall not be required to
(i) issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debenture during a period beginning at the opening of business 15
days before any selection for redemption of Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures and ending at the close of business on the earliest date on which the
relevant notice of redemption is deemed to have been given to all holders of
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures to be so redeemed and (ii) register
the transfer of or exchange any Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures so
selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of
any Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture being redeemed in part.
SUBORDINATION
The Indenture provides that the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures
are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all Senior Indebtedness of
Greenfield as provided in the Indenture. No payment of principal of (including
redemption payments), or interest on, the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures may be made (i) if any Senior Indebtedness is not paid when due, any
applicable grace period with respect to such default has ended and such default
has not been cured or waived, or (ii) if the maturity of any Senior Indebtedness
has been accelerated because of a default. Upon any distribution of assets of
Greenfield to creditors upon any dissolution, winding up, liquidation or
reorganization, whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency,
receivership or other proceedings, all principal of, and premium, if any, and
interest due or to become due on, all Senior Indebtedness must be paid in full
before the holders of the Convertible Junior
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Subordinated Debentures are entitled to receive or retain any payment. In the
event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment or distribution of cash,
property or securities shall be received or collected by a holder of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures in contravention of the foregoing
provisions, such payment or distribution shall be held for the benefit of and
shall be paid over to the holders of Senior Indebtedness or their representative
or representatives or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture under which
any instrument evidencing Senior Indebtedness may have been issued, as their
respective interests may appear, to the extent necessary to pay in full all
Senior Indebtedness then due, after giving effect to any concurrent payment to
the holders of Senior Indebtedness. Subject to the payment in full of all Senior
Indebtedness, the rights of the holders of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures will be subrogated to the rights of the holders of Senior
Indebtedness to receive payments or distributions applicable to Senior
Indebtedness until all amounts owing on the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures are paid in full.
The term "Senior Indebtedness" shall mean in respect of Greenfield (i) the
principal, premium, if any, and interest in respect of (A) indebtedness of such
obligor for money borrowed and (B) indebtedness evidenced by securities,
debentures, bonds or other similar instruments issued by such obligor, (ii) all
capital lease obligations of such obligor, (iii) all obligations of such obligor
issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property, all conditional
sale obligations of such obligor and all obligations of such obligor under any
title retention agreement (but excluding trade accounts payable arising in the
ordinary course of business), (iv) all obligations of such obligor for the
reimbursement of any letter of credit, banker's acceptance, security purchase
facility or similar credit transaction, (v) all obligations of the type referred
to in clauses (i) through (iv) above of other persons for the payment of which
such obligor is responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise, and
(vi) all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (i) through (v) above of
other persons secured by any lien on any property or asset of such obligor
(whether or not such obligation is assumed by such obligor), except for (1) any
such indebtedness that is by its terms subordinated to or PARI PASSU with the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures and (2) any indebtedness (including
all other debt securities and guarantees in respect of those debt securities)
initially issued to any other trust, or a trustee of such trust, partnership or
other entity affiliated with Greenfield that is, directly or indirectly, a
financing vehicle of Greenfield (a "Financing Entity") in connection with the
issuance by such Financing Entity of preferred securities or other similar
securities. Senior Indebtedness will also include interest accruing subsequent
to events of bankruptcy of Greenfield and its subsidiaries at the rate provided
for in the documentation governing such Senior Indebtedness, whether or not such
interest is an allowed claim enforceable against the debtor in a bankruptcy case
under relevant bankruptcy law. Such Senior Indebtedness shall continue to be
Senior Indebtedness and entitled to the benefits of the subordination provisions
irrespective of any amendment, modification or waiver of any term of such Senior
Indebtedness.
The Indenture does not limit the aggregate amount of Senior Indebtedness
Greenfield may issue. At June 30, 1996, Senior Indebtedness of Greenfield
aggregated approximately $136.2 million. See "Capitalization".
CERTAIN COVENANTS
If (i) there shall have occurred any event that would constitute an Event
of Default, (ii) Greenfield shall be in default with respect to its payment of
any obligations under the Guarantee, or (iii) Greenfield shall have given notice
of its election to defer payments of interest on the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures by extending the interest payment period as provided in
the Indenture and such period, or any extension thereof, shall be continuing,
then Greenfield (a) shall not declare or pay dividends on, make distributions
with respect to, or redeem, purchase or acquire, or make a liquidation payment
with respect to, any of its capital stock (other than stock dividends paid by
Greenfield which consist of stock of the same class as that on which the
dividend is being paid and other than redemptions or purchases of any Rights and
the declaration of a dividend of such Rights in the future), (b) shall not make
any payment of interest, principal or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase
or redeem any debt securities issued by Greenfield that rank PARI PASSU with or
junior to the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, and (c) shall not make
any guarantee payments with respect to the foregoing (other than pursuant to the
Guarantee).
Greenfield has agreed (i) to directly or indirectly maintain 100% ownership
of the Common Securities of the Trust; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that any permitted
successor of Greenfield under the Indenture may succeed to Greenfield's
ownership of such Common Securities and (ii) to use its reasonable efforts to
cause the Trust (x) to remain a statutory business trust, except in connection
with the distribution of Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures to the
holders of Trust Securities in liquidation of the Trust, the redemption of all
of the Trust Securities of the Trust, or certain mergers, consolidations or
amalgamations, each as permitted by the
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Declaration, and (y) to otherwise continue to be classified as a grantor trust
for United States Federal income tax purposes.
RESTRICTIONS
The Indenture provides that Greenfield shall not consolidate with or merge
with or into any other corporation, or, directly or indirectly, convey, transfer
or lease all or substantially all of the properties and assets of Greenfield on
a consolidated basis to any Person, unless either Greenfield is the continuing
corporation or such corporation or Person assumes by supplemental indenture all
the obligations of Greenfield under the Indenture and the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures, no default or Event of Default shall exist immediately
after the transaction, and the surviving corporation or such Person is a
corporation, partnership or trust organized and validly existing under the laws
of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia.
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
The Indenture provides that any one or more of the following described
events, which has occurred and is continuing, constitutes an "Event of Default"
with respect to the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures: (i) failure for
30 days to pay interest on the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures,
including any Additional Interest in respect thereof, when due; or (ii) failure
to pay principal of or premium, if any, on the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures when due whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or
otherwise; or (iii) failure by Greenfield to issue and deliver shares of
Greenfield Common Stock upon an election by a holder of Convertible Preferred
Securities to convert such Convertible Preferred Securities; or (iv) failure to
observe or perform any other covenant contained in the Indenture for 90 days
after notice; or (v) the dissolution, winding up or termination of the Issuer,
except in connection with the distribution of Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures to the holders of Convertible Preferred Securities in liquidation of
the Issuer, the redemption of all of the outstanding Convertible Preferred
Securities of the Issuer or in connection with certain mergers, consolidations
or amalgamations permitted by the Declaration; or (vi) certain events in
bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of Greenfield. A default under any
other indebtedness of Greenfield or the Issuer would not constitute an Event of
Default under the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures.
The Indenture Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate
outstanding principal amount of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures
may declare the principal of and interest (including any Additional Interest) on
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures due and payable immediately on
the occurrence of an Event of Default and, should the Indenture Trustee or such
holders of Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures fail to make such
declaration, the holders of at least 25% in aggregate liquidation preference of
outstanding Convertible Preferred Securities shall have such right. After such
acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration, the holders
of a majority in aggregate principal amount of outstanding Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such
acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated
principal, have been cured or waived as provided in the Indenture and a sum
sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal due
otherwise than by acceleration has been deposited with the Indenture Trustee.
No holder of any Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture will have any
right to institute any proceeding with respect to the Indenture or for any
remedy thereunder, unless such holder shall have previously given to the
Indenture Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default and, if the
Issuer is not the sole holder of Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures,
unless the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures then outstanding shall also have made
written request, and offered reasonable indemnity, to the Indenture Trustee to
institute such proceeding as Indenture Trustee, and the Indenture Trustee shall
not have received from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount
of the outstanding Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures a direction
inconsistent with such request and shall have failed to institute such
proceeding within 60 days. However, such limitations do not apply to a suit
instituted by a holder of a Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture or a
holder of a Convertible Preferred Security for enforcement of payment of the
principal of or interest on such Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture on or
after the respective due dates specified in such Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debenture or for the conversion of a Convertible Preferred Security or a
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a holder of Convertible Preferred Securities
may directly institute a proceeding on behalf of the Issuer for enforcement of
payment to such holder of such holder's ratable portion
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of the principal of or interest on the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures on or after the respective due dates specified in the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures or for the conversion of a Convertible Preferred
Security or Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture. The holders of the
Convertible Preferred Securities would not be able to exercise directly any
other remedies available to the holder of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures unless the Trustee or the Indenture Trustee, acting for the benefit
of the Trustee, fails to do so. In such event, the holders of at least 25% in
aggregate liquidation preference of outstanding Convertible Preferred Securities
would have such right to institute proceedings.
Subject to the provisions of the Indenture relating to the duties of the
Indenture Trustee in case an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the
Indenture Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or
powers under the Indenture at the request or direction of any holders of
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, unless such holders shall have
offered to the Indenture Trustee reasonable indemnity. Subject to such
provisions for the indemnification of the Indenture Trustee, the holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures then outstanding will have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Indenture
Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Indenture Trustee
with respect to such series.
The holders of a majority in aggregate outstanding principal amount of all
series of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures affected thereby may,
on behalf of the holders of all the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures
of such series, waive any past default, except a default in the payment of
principal, premium, if any, or interest (unless such default has been cured and
a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of principal, premium, if any,
and interest due otherwise than by acceleration has been deposited with the
Indenture Trustee) or a default in respect of a covenant or provision which
under the Indenture cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the
holder of each Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture. Greenfield is required
to file annually with the Indenture Trustee and the Trustee a certificate as to
whether or not Greenfield is in compliance with all the conditions and covenants
under the Indenture.
MODIFICATION OF THE INDENTURE
From time to time, Greenfield and the Trustee may, without the consent of
the holders of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, amend, waive or
supplement the Indenture for specified purposes, including, among other things,
curing ambiguities, defects or inconsistencies (provided that any such action
does not adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures). The Indenture contains provisions permitting
Greenfield and the Indenture Trustee, with the consent of the holders of not
less than a majority in principal amount of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures of each series which are affected by the modification, to modify the
Indenture or any supplemental indenture affecting that series or the rights of
the holders of that series of Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures;
PROVIDED that no such modification may, without the consent of the holder of
each outstanding Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture affected thereby, (i)
extend the fixed maturity of any Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures of
any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend
the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the
redemption thereof, or adversely affect the right to convert Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures, without the consent of the holder of each Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debenture so affected, or (ii) reduce the percentage of
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, the holders of which are required to
consent to any such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the holders
of each Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture then outstanding and affected
thereby, PROVIDED that, so long as any of the Convertible Preferred Securities
remains outstanding, no such modification may be made that adversely affects the
holders of such Convertible Preferred Securities, and no termination of the
Indenture may occur, and no waiver of any Event of Default or compliance with
any covenant under the Indenture shall be effective, without the prior consent
of the holders of the percentage of the aggregate stated liquidation preference
of the outstanding Convertible Preferred Securities which is at least equal to
the percentage of aggregate stated liquidation preference of the outstanding
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures required to make such modification.
In addition, Greenfield and the Indenture Trustee may execute, without the
consent of any holder of Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, any
supplemental indenture for certain other usual purposes including the creation
of any new series of Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures.
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SETOFF
Notwithstanding anything contained to the contrary in the Indenture,
Greenfield shall have the right to set off any payment with respect to the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures it is otherwise required to make
thereunder with and to the extent Greenfield has theretofore made, or is
concurrently on the date of such payment making, a payment under the Guarantee.
INFORMATION CONCERNING THE INDENTURE TRUSTEE
The Indenture Trustee, prior to default, undertakes to perform only such
duties as are specifically set forth in the Indenture and, after default, shall
exercise the same degree of care as a prudent individual would exercise in the
conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to such provision, the Indenture
Trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers vested in it by the
Indenture at the request of any holder of Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures, unless offered reasonable indemnity by such holder against the
costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred thereby. The Indenture
Trustee is not required to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur
personal financial liability in the performance of its duties if the Indenture
Trustee reasonably believes that repayment or adequate indemnity is not
reasonably assured to it.
GOVERNING LAW
The Indenture and the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures are
governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New
York.
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EFFECT OF OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE
CONVERTIBLE JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES AND THE GUARANTEE
As set forth in the Declaration, the sole purpose of the Issuer is to issue
the Trust Securities and use the proceeds thereof to purchase from Greenfield
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures.
As long as payments of interest and other payments are made when due on the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, such payments will be sufficient to
cover distributions and payments due on the Convertible Preferred Securities
primarily because (i) the aggregate principal amount of Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures will be equal to the sum of the aggregate stated
liquidation preference of the Convertible Preferred Securities and the Common
Securities; (ii) the interest rate and interest and other payment dates on the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures will match the distribution rate and
distribution and other payment dates for the Convertible Preferred Securities;
(iii) the Declaration provides that Greenfield, as originator, shall pay for
all, and the Issuer shall not be obligated to pay, directly or indirectly, for
any, costs and expenses of the Issuer; and (iv) the Declaration further provides
that the holders of Common Securities and the Issuer Trustees shall not cause or
permit the Issuer to, among other things, engage in any activity that is not
consistent with the purposes of the Issuer. In addition, Greenfield has also
guaranteed payment of the cost and expenses of the Issuer.
A holder of Convertible Preferred Securities may directly institute a
proceeding on behalf of the Issuer for enforcement of payment to such holder of
such holder's ratable portion of the principal of or interest on the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures on or after the respective due dates specified in
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures. The holders of the Convertible
Preferred Securities would not be able to exercise directly any other remedies
available to the holder of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures unless
the Trustee or the Indenture Trustee, acting for the benefit of the Trustee,
fails to do so. In such event, the holders of at least 25% in aggregate
liquidation preference of outstanding Convertible Preferred Securities would
have such right to institute proceedings. In addition, if Greenfield fails to
make interest or other payments on the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures when due, the Declaration provides a mechanism whereby the holders of
the Convertible Preferred Securities may (i) appoint a Special Trustee and (ii)
direct the Trustee to enforce its rights under the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures.
Payments of distributions and other payments due on the Convertible
Preferred Securities out of moneys held by the Issuer are irrevocably guaranteed
by Greenfield to the extent set forth under "Description of the Guarantee",
although the Guarantee does not cover payment of distributions or the amount
payable upon redemption or repayment in respect of the Convertible Preferred
Securities when the Issuer does not have sufficient funds to pay such
distributions or such amount. However, taken together, Greenfield's obligations
under the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, the Indenture, the
Declaration and the Guarantee provide a full, irrevocable and unconditional
guarantee of payments of distributions and other amounts due on the Convertible
Preferred Securities. No single document standing alone or operating in
conjunction with fewer than all of the other documents constitutes such
guarantee. It is only the combined operation of these documents that provides a
full, irrevocable and unconditional guarantee of the Issuer's obligations under
the Convertible Preferred Securities. If and to the extent that Greenfield does
not make payments on the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, the Issuer
will not pay distributions or other payments due on the Convertible Preferred
Securities.
If Greenfield fails to make payments under the Guarantee, any holder of a
Convertible Preferred Security may institute a legal proceeding directly against
Greenfield to enforce its rights under the Guarantee without first instituting a
legal proceeding against the Issuer or any other person or entity. Such payment
would be made directly to the holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities.
If Greenfield fails to make payments in respect of the Issuer's costs and
expenses as required by the Declaration, a creditor of the Issuer may institute
a legal proceeding directly against Greenfield to enforce such payments.
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DESCRIPTION OF GREENFIELD CAPITAL STOCK
GENERAL
The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (the
"Certificate") authorizes 1,500,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $.01 par value
("Greenfield Preferred Stock") and 100,000,000 shares of Greenfield Common
Stock. At June 30, 1996, there were outstanding (a) no shares of Greenfield
Preferred Stock, (b) 16,337,300 shares of Greenfield Common Stock (as well as
the same number of Rights to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of Series A
Preferred Stock pursuant to the Rights Agreement) and (c) stock options and
warrants to purchase an aggregate of approximately 821,300 shares of
Greenfield Common Stock. In addition, the Company has made awards of restricted
stock, subject to the satisfaction of certain criteria, covering an aggregate of
273,000 shares of Greenfield Common Stock pursuant to the Company's 1995 Equity
Incentive Plan.
GREENFIELD COMMON STOCK
Subject to the rights, if any, of holders of Greenfield Preferred Stock,
holders of Greenfield Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends out of
funds legally available therefor when, as and if declared by the Board of
Directors of the Company and to receive PRO RATA the net assets of the Company
legally available for distribution upon liquidation or dissolution.
Holders of Greenfield Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share
of Greenfield Common Stock held on each matter submitted to a vote of
stockholders including the election of directors. Holders of Greenfield Common
Stock are not entitled to cumulative voting, which means that the holders of
more than 50% of the outstanding Greenfield Common Stock can elect all of the
directors if they choose to do so. All shares of outstanding Greenfield Common
Stock of the Company are, and the shares to be issued by the Company upon
conversion of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures will be, fully paid
and nonassessable. Holders of Greenfield Common Stock do not have preemptive or
other subscription rights.
The Greenfield Common Stock is quoted on the NNM. First Chicago Trust
Company of New York is the Registrar and Transfer Agent for the Greenfield
Common Stock.
GREENFIELD PREFERRED STOCK
The Board of Directors of the Company is authorized to fix the number of
shares and determine the designation of any series of the authorized shares of
the Greenfield Preferred Stock and to determine or alter the rights,
preferences, privileges and restrictions granted to or imposed upon any unissued
series of Greenfield Preferred Stock.
The Series A Preferred Stock is issuable pursuant to the Rights Agreement
described herein. See "Description of the Convertible Preferred
Securities--Conversion Rights."
The Rights have certain anti-takeover effects. The Rights will cause
substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire the Company
without conditioning the offer on redemption of the Rights or on a substantial
number of Rights being acquired. The Rights should not interfere with any merger
or other business combination approved by the Board of Directors of the Company
prior to the time that the Rights may not be redeemed since the Board of
Directors may, at its option, at any time until such date redeem all but not
less than all of the then outstanding Rights. The Rights are designed to provide
additional protection against abusive takeover tactics such as offers for all
shares at less than full value, partial tender offers and selective open-market
purchases. The Rights are intended to assure that the Company's Board of
Directors has the ability to protect stockholders and the Company if efforts are
made to gain control of the Company in a manner that is not in the best
interests of the Company and its stockholders.
CERTAIN CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAW PROVISIONS
The Certificate provides that the Company's directors are not liable to the
Company or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary
duties, except under certain circumstances, including breach of the director's
duty of loyalty, acts or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law or any transaction from which the
director derived improper personal benefit. The inclusion of this provision in
the Certificate may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative
litigation
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against directors and may discourage or deter stockholders or management from
bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their duty of care.
The Certificate grants to the Board of Directors of the Company the power
to amend, adopt or repeal the Company's By-Laws without stockholder vote. The
Company's By-Laws provide that the number of directors shall be as from time to
time fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company, not less than
5 nor more than 11. These provisions, in addition to the existence of authorized
but unissued capital stock, may have the effect, either alone or in combination
with each other, of discouraging an acquisition of the Company even if such an
acquisition is desired by certain stockholders of the Company.
CERTAIN EFFECTS OF AUTHORIZED BUT UNISSUED STOCK
At June 30, 1996, there were 83,662,700 shares of Greenfield Common Stock
and 1,500,000 shares of Greenfield Preferred Stock available for future issuance
without stockholder approval. These additional shares may be utilized for a
variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise
additional capital or to facilitate corporate acquisitions. The Company does not
currently have any plans to issue additional shares of capital stock, other than
shares of Greenfield Common Stock which may be issued upon conversion of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures or upon the exercise of options or
warrants or pursuant to management incentive compensation plans.
One of the effects of the existence of unissued and unreserved Greenfield
Common Stock and undesignated Greenfield Preferred Stock may be to enable the
Board of Directors of the Company to issue shares to persons friendly to current
management which could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain
control of the Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or
otherwise, and thereby protect the continuity of the Company's management. The
Board of Directors of the Company can issue Greenfield Preferred Stock with
voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the voting power of
holders of Greenfield Common Stock.
DELAWARE TAKEOVER STATUTE
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended ("Section
203"), provides that, subject to certain exceptions specified therein, an
"interested stockholder" of a Delaware corporation shall not engage in any
business combination, including mergers or consolidations or acquisitions of
additional shares of the corporation with the corporation for a three-year
period following the date that such stockholder becomes an "interested
stockholder" unless (i) prior to such date, the board of directors of the
corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which
resulted in the stockholder becoming an "interested stockholder", (ii) upon
consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an
"interested stockholder", the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the
voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction
commenced (excluding certain shares) or (iii) on or subsequent to such dates,
the business combination is approved by the board of directors of the
corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by
the affirmative vote of at least 662/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is
not owned by the "interested stockholder". Except as otherwise specified in
Section 203, an "interested stockholder" is defined to include (x) any person
that is the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the
corporation, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and was the
owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at any
time within three years immediately prior to the relevant date and (y) the
affiliates and associates of any such person.
These provisions could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing
a change of control of the Company. The Company's stockholders, by adopting an
amendment to its Certificate or By-Laws, may elect not to be governed by Section
203, effective twelve months after adoption. Neither the Certificate nor the
By-Laws presently exclude the Company from the restrictions imposed by Section
203.
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UNITED STATES TAXATION
GENERAL
The following summary of the material United States Federal income tax
consequences of the purchase, ownership, disposition and conversion of
Convertible Preferred Securities represents the opinion of Dickstein Shapiro
Morin & Oshinsky LLP, special counsel to Greenfield and the Trust, as confirmed
by an opinion letter filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which
this Prospectus forms a part. Investors should be aware that the opinion of
Dickstein Shapiro Morin & Oshinsky LLP is not binding on the Service or the
courts. This summary does not deal with special classes of holders such as
banks, thrifts, real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies,
insurance companies, dealers in securities or currencies, tax-exempt investors,
or persons that will hold the Convertible Preferred Securities as other than a
capital asset. This summary also does not address the tax consequences to
persons that have a functional currency other than the U.S. Dollar or the tax
consequences to shareholders, partners or beneficiaries of a holder of
Convertible Preferred Securities. Further, it does not include any description
of any alternative minimum tax consequences or the tax laws of any state or
local government or of any foreign government that may be applicable to the
Convertible Preferred Securities. This summary is based on the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), Treasury regulations thereunder and
administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, as of the date hereof, all
of which are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONVERTIBLE JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures, Dickstein Shapiro Morin & Oshinsky LLP, special counsel to
Greenfield and the Trust, rendered its opinion generally to the effect that,
under then current law and assuming full compliance with the terms of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture Indenture (and certain other
documents), and based on certain facts and assumptions contained in such
opinion, the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures held by the Trust will
be classified for United States Federal income tax purposes as indebtedness of
Greenfield.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE TRUST
In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Preferred Securities,
Dickstein Shapiro Morin & Oshinsky LLP, special counsel to Greenfield and the
Trust, rendered its opinion generally to the effect that, under then current law
and assuming full compliance with the terms of the Declaration and the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debenture Indenture (and certain other
documents), and based on certain facts and assumptions contained in such
opinion, the Trust will be classified for United States Federal income tax
purposes as a grantor trust and not as an association taxable as a corporation.
Accordingly, for United States Federal income tax purposes, each holder of
Convertible Preferred Securities generally will be considered the owner of an
undivided interest in the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, and each
holder will be required to include in its gross income any original issue
discount ("OID") accrued with respect to its allocable share of those
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures.
POTENTIAL EXTENSION OF INTEREST PAYMENT PERIOD AND ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT
Because Greenfield has the option, under the terms of the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures, to defer payments of interest by extending
interest payment periods for up to 20 quarters, all of the stated interest
payments on the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures will be treated as
"original issue discount". Holders of debt instruments issued with OID must
include that discount in income on an economic accrual basis before the receipt
of cash attributable to the interest, regardless of their method of tax
accounting. Generally, all of a holder's taxable interest income with respect to
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures will be accounted for as OID.
Actual payments and distributions of stated interest will not, however, be
separately reported as taxable income. The amount of OID that accrues in any
quarter will approximately equal the amount of the interest that accrues on the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures in that quarter at the stated
interest rate. In the event that the interest payment period is extended,
holders will continue to accrue OID approximately equal to the amount of the
interest payment due at the end of the extended interest payment period on an
economic accrual basis over the length of the extended interest payment period.
47
<PAGE>
Because income on the Convertible Preferred Securities will constitute OID,
corporate holders of Convertible Preferred Securities will not be entitled to a
dividends-received deduction with respect to any income recognized with respect
to the Convertible Preferred Securities.
MARKET DISCOUNT AND BOND PREMIUM
To the extent a holder acquires Convertible Preferred Securities subsequent
to original issuance at a price that is greater or less than the adjusted issue
price of such holder's share of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures
(which generally should approximate par plus accrued but unpaid interest), the
holder will be deemed to have acquired its interest in the Convertible Preferred
Securities with acquisition premium or with market discount, as the case may be.
A holder acquiring Convertible Preferred Securities at a premium will be
permitted to reduce the amount of OID required to be included in income to
reflect the acquisition premium. A holder acquiring Convertible Preferred
Securities at a market discount generally will be required to recognize ordinary
income to the extent of accrued market discount upon the retirement of the
underlying Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures or, to the extent of any
gain, upon the disposition of the Convertible Preferred Securities. Such market
discount would accrue ratably, or, at the election of the holder, under a
constant yield method over the remaining term of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures. A holder will also be required to defer the deduction
of a portion of the interest paid or accrued on indebtedness incurred to
purchase or carry Convertible Preferred Securities acquired with market
discount. In lieu of the foregoing, a holder may elect to include market
discount in income currently as it accrues on all market discount instruments
acquired by such holder in the taxable year of the election or thereafter, in
which case the interest deferral rule will not apply. A holder may elect, in
lieu of applying the market discount or premium rules described above, to
account for all income under the Convertible Preferred Securities as if it were
OID.
RECEIPT OF CONVERTIBLE JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES OR CASH UPON LIQUIDATION
OF THE ISSUER
Under certain circumstances, as described under the caption "Description of
the Convertible Preferred Securities--Tax Event or Investment Company Event
Redemption or Distribution", Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures may be
distributed to holders in exchange for the Convertible Preferred Securities and
in liquidation of the Trust. Under current law, such a distribution to holders,
for United States Federal income tax purposes, would be treated as a nontaxable
event to each holder, and each holder would receive an aggregate tax basis in
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures equal to such holder's aggregate
tax basis in its Convertible Preferred Securities. A holder's holding period in
the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures so received in liquidation of the
Trust would include the period during which the Convertible Preferred Securities
were held by such holder. If, however, the related Special Event is a Tax Event
which results in the Trust being treated as an association taxable as a
corporation, the distribution would likely constitute a taxable event to holders
of the Convertible Preferred Securities.
Under certain circumstances described herein (see "Description of the
Convertible Preferred Securities"), the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures may be redeemed for cash and the proceeds of such redemption
distributed to holders in redemption of their Convertible Preferred Securities.
Under current law, such a redemption would, for United States Federal income tax
purposes, constitute a taxable disposition of the redeemed Convertible Preferred
Securities, and a holder would recognize gain or loss as if it sold such
redeemed Convertible Preferred Securities for cash. See "--Disposition of
Convertible Preferred Securities".
DISPOSITION OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES
A holder that sells Convertible Preferred Securities will recognize gain or
loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale of the
Convertible Preferred Securities and the holder's adjusted tax basis in such
Convertible Preferred Securities. A holder's adjusted tax basis in the
Convertible Preferred Securities generally will be its initial purchase price
increased by OID (and any market discount) previously includible in such
holder's gross income to the date of disposition and decreased by payments
received on the Convertible Preferred Securities to the date of disposition.
Subject to the market discount rules discussed above, any such gain or loss will
be a capital gain or loss and will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the
Convertible Preferred Securities have been held for more than one year at the
time of sale.
The Convertible Preferred Securities may trade at a price that does not
accurately reflect the value of accrued but unpaid interest with respect to the
underlying Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures. A holder who disposes of
or converts his Convertible Preferred Securities between record dates for
payments of distributions thereon will be required to include accrued but unpaid
interest on the Convertible Junior
48
<PAGE>
Subordinated Debentures through the date of disposition in income as ordinary
income, and to add such amount to his adjusted tax basis in his PRO RATA share
of the underlying Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures deemed disposed of.
To the extent the selling price is less than the holder's adjusted tax basis
(which basis will include, in the form of OID, all accrued but unpaid interest),
a holder will recognize a capital loss. Subject to certain limited exceptions,
capital losses cannot be applied to offset ordinary income for United States
Federal income tax purposes.
EXCHANGE OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES FOR GREENFIELD COMMON STOCK
A holder of Convertible Preferred Securities will not recognize gain or
loss upon the exchange, through the Conversion Agent, of Convertible Preferred
Securities for a proportionate share of the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures held by the Issuer.
A holder of Convertible Preferred Securities will not recognize income,
gain or loss upon the conversion, through the Conversion Agent, of Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures into Greenfield Common Stock. The holder will,
however, recognize gain upon the receipt of cash in lieu of a fractional share
of Greenfield Common Stock equal to the amount of cash received less the
holder's tax basis in such fractional share. A holder's tax basis in the
Greenfield Common Stock received upon exchange and conversion should generally
be equal to such holder's tax basis in the Convertible Preferred Securities
delivered to the Conversion Agent for exchange less the basis allocated to any
fractional share for which cash is received and a holder's holding period in the
Greenfield Common Stock received upon exchange and conversion should generally
begin on the date the holder acquired the Convertible Preferred Securities
delivered to the Conversion Agent for exchange.
If a holder of Convertible Preferred Securities as to which there is
accrued market discount converts the Convertible Preferred Securities into
Greenfield Common Stock, such accrued market discount will carry over to the
Greenfield Common Stock (to the extent that such accrued market discount has not
been included in income), and any gain realized upon the subsequent disposition
of such Greenfield Common Stock will, to the extent of such accrued market
discount, be taxable as ordinary interest income.
ADJUSTMENT OF CONVERSION PRICE
Treasury Regulations promulgated under Section 305 of the Code would treat
holders of Convertible Preferred Securities as having received a constructive
distribution from Greenfield in the event the conversion ratio of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures were adjusted if (i) as a result of
such adjustment, the proportionate interest (measured by the quantum of
Greenfield Common Stock into or for which the Convertible Junior Subordinated
Debentures are convertible or exchangeable) of the holders of the Convertible
Preferred Securities in the assets or earnings and profits of Greenfield were
increased, and (ii) the adjustment was not made pursuant to a bona fide,
reasonable antidilution formula. An adjustment in the conversion ratio would not
be considered made pursuant to such a formula if the adjustment was made to
compensate for certain taxable distributions with respect to the Greenfield
Common Stock. Thus, under certain circumstances, a reduction in the conversion
price for the holders may result in deemed dividend income to holders to the
extent of the current or accumulated earnings and profits of Greenfield. Holders
of the Convertible Preferred Securities would be required to include their
allocable share of such deemed dividend income in gross income but will not
receive any cash related thereto.
UNITED STATES ALIEN HOLDERS
For purposes of this discussion, a "United States Alien Holder" is any
corporation, individual, partnership, estate or trust that is, as to the United
States, a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien individual, a foreign
partnership, or a nonresident fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust.
Under present United States Federal income tax law, (i) payments by the
Trust or any of its paying agents to any holder of a Convertible Preferred
Security who or which is a United States Alien Holder will not be subject to
withholding of United States Federal income tax; provided that (a) the
beneficial owner of the Convertible Preferred Security does not actually or
constructively (including by virtue of its interest in the underlying
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures) own 10% or more of the total
combined voting power of all classes of stock of Greenfield entitled to vote,
(b) the beneficial owner of the Convertible Preferred Security is not a
controlled foreign corporation that is related to Greenfield through stock
ownership, and (c) either (A) the beneficial owner of the Convertible Preferred
Security certifies to the Trust or its agent, under penalties of
49
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perjury, that it is not a United States holder and provides its name and address
or (B) a securities clearing organization, bank or other financial institution
that holds customers' securities in the ordinary course of its trade or business
(a "Financial Institution"), and holds the Convertible Preferred Security in
such capacity, certifies to the Trust or its agent, under penalties of perjury,
that such statement has been received from the beneficial owner by it or by a
Financial Institution between it and the beneficial owner and furnishes the
Trust or its agent with a copy thereof; and (ii) a United States Alien Holder of
a Convertible Preferred Security will not be subject to withholding of United
States Federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale or other
disposition of a Convertible Preferred Security.
If a United States Alien Holder is treated as receiving a deemed dividend
as a result of an adjustment of the conversion price of the Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures, as described above under "Adjustment of Conversion
Price", such deemed dividend will be subject to United States Federal
withholding tax at a 30% (or lower treaty) rate.
INFORMATION REPORTING AND BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Annual information reporting will apply to interest income on the
Convertible Preferred Securities, and payments made on, and proceeds from the
sale of, the Convertible Preferred Securities may be subject to a "backup"
withholding tax of 31% unless the holder complies with certain identification
requirements. Any withheld amounts will be allowed as a credit against the
holder's United States Federal income tax, provided the required information is
provided to the Service.
POSSIBLE TAX LAW CHANGES
On March 19, 1996, President Clinton proposed certain tax law changes that
would, among other things, deny interest deductions to corporate issuers of debt
instruments under certain circumstances. These proposals, were they to become
effective, would not deny Greenfield a deduction otherwise available for
interest paid in cash on the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, and
thus would not give rise to a Tax Event. However, there can be no assurance that
subsequent proposals or final legislation will not deny Greenfield a deduction
otherwise available for such interest payments, which in turn could give rise to
a Tax Event, which would permit Greenfield to cause a redemption of the
Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures or a distribution of the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures in liquidation of the Trust, as described more
fully under the caption "Description of the Convertible Preferred
Securities--Tax Event or Investment Company Event Redemption or Distribution".
THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX DISCUSSION SET FORTH ABOVE MAY NOT BE
APPLICABLE DEPENDING UPON A HOLDER'S PARTICULAR SITUATION. HOLDERS SHOULD
CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE
PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF THE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES,
INCLUDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX LAWS
AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN UNITED STATES FEDERAL OR OTHER TAX LAWS.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"),
and the Code impose certain requirements on employee benefit plans and certain
other retirement plans and arrangements, including individual retirement
accounts and annuities, that are subject to ERISA and the Code (all of which are
hereinafter referred to as "Plans") and on persons who are fiduciaries with
respect to such Plans. In accordance with ERISA's general fiduciary standards,
before investing in Convertible Preferred Securities, a Plan fiduciary should
determine whether such an investment is permitted under the governing Plan
instruments and is appropriate for the Plan in view of its overall investment
policy and the composition and diversification of its portfolio. Other
provisions of ERISA and the Code prohibit certain transactions involving the
assets of a Plan and persons who have certain specified relationships to the
Plan ("parties in interest" within the meaning of ERISA or "disqualified
persons" within the meaning of the Code). Accordingly, any Plan with respect to
which Greenfield or any of its affiliates would be considered a party in
interest or a disqualified person should not purchase Convertible Preferred
Securities.
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In addition, under United States Department of Labor Regulation Section
2510.3-101 (the "Regulation"), if immediately after any acquisition of
Convertible Preferred Securities, 25 percent or more of the value of the
Convertible Preferred Securities is held by Plans, employee benefit plans not
subject to ERISA (for example, governmental plans) and entities whose underlying
assets include plan assets by reason of a plan's investment in the entity, then
the assets of the Issuer would be treated as assets of Plans holding Convertible
Preferred Securities, unless another exemption applied.
ANY PLAN PROPOSING TO PURCHASE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES SHOULD
CONSULT WITH ITS COUNSEL REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF ERISA, THE CODE AND THE
REGULATION WITH RESPECT TO INVESTMENT IN CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SECURITIES.
SELLING HOLDERS
The Convertible Preferred Securities were originally issued by the Trust
and sold by CS First Boston Corporation, Alex. Brown & Sons Incorporated, Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated and Schroder Wertheim & Co. (the "Initial
Purchasers"), in a transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act, to persons reasonably believed by such Initial Purchasers to be
"qualified institutional buyers" (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities
Act), to certain qualified institutional buyers acting on behalf of
institutional "accredited investors" (as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (2), (3) or
(7) under the Securities Act) or outside the United States to non-U.S. persons
in offshore transactions in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act.
The Selling Holders may from time to time offer and sell pursuant to this
Prospectus any or all of the Convertible Preferred Securities, any Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures and Greenfield Common Stock issued upon
conversion of the Convertible Preferred Securities.
The following table sets forth information with respect to the record
holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities as of September 26, 1996. Such
information has been obtained from the Selling Holders and the Property Trustee.
The term Selling Holder includes the beneficial owners of the Convertible
Preferred Securities and their transferees, pledgees, donees or other
successors.
NUMBER OF CONVERTIBLE
SELLING HOLDER PREFERRED SECURITIES
- ---------------------------------- -----------------------------
1. State Street Bank Custody............................. 494,000
2. Bankers Trust......................................... 474,640
3. Boston Safe Deposit & Trust
Company................................................ 244,320
4. Bank of New York....................................... 185,890
5. Brown Brothers......................................... 170,000
6. CS First Boston........................................ 163,080
7. Lehman Brothers........................................ 99,500
8. Chase Manhattan........................................ 83,680
9. First National Bank of
Chicago................................................ 64,500
10. Core Bank.............................................. 51,650
11. Citibank............................................... 46,400
12. BT Securities Corp..................................... 35,300
13. Northern Trust......................................... 27,990
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NUMBER OF CONVERTIBLE
SELLING HOLDER PREFERRED SECURITIES
- ---------------------------------- -----------------------------
14. American Express....................................... 25,000
15. Chase/TR............................................... 16,700
16. PNC Bank, N.A.......................................... 16,510
17. Investors Bank and Trust MF
Custody................................................ 14,000
18. Chase Trust............................................ 10,000
19. Bear Stearns........................................... 10,000
20. TCW Convertible Strategy
Fund................................................... 9,800
21. Sanwa Bank California.................................. 5,700
22. First National Bank
of Boston.............................................. 5,350
23. North Dakota State Land
Board.................................................. 5,000
24. First National Bank
of Omaha............................................... 4,700
25. Schwab - Trust......................................... 4,700
26. Wachovia Bank.......................................... 4,240
27. UMB Bank, NA........................................... 4,000
28. ML Safekeeping......................................... 3,400
29. Paine Webber........................................... 3,000
30. Fleet Bank............................................. 2,880
31. Sun Trust.............................................. 2,620
32. 1st Trust National
Association............................................ 2,000
33. Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated........................................... 2,000
34. Iselin................................................. 2,000
35. Boatmen's Bank......................................... 1,950
36. Bank One Trust Company
NA..................................................... 1,100
37. Chase/Chemical......................................... 700
38. Cranberry Rock Investments............................. 500
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NUMBER OF CONVERTIBLE
SELLING HOLDER PREFERRED SECURITIES
- ---------------------------------- -----------------------------
39. Cadogan Corp........................................... 500
40. Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner &
Smith.................................................. 500
41. Bank One Trust Company NA
DBII................................................... 200
---
Total ........................................... 2,300,000
=========
No Selling Holder has, or within the past three years has had, any
position, office or other material relationship with the Trust or the Company or
any of their predecessors or affiliates. Because the Selling Holders may,
pursuant to this Prospectus, offer all or some portion of the Convertible
Preferred Securities, the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures or the
Greenfield Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Preferred
Securities, no estimate can be given as to the amount of the Convertible
Preferred Securities, the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures or the
Greenfield Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Preferred
Securities that will be held by the Selling Holders upon termination of any such
sales. In addition, the Selling Holders identified above may have sold,
transferred or otherwise disposed of all or a portion of their Convertible
Preferred Securities since the date on which they provided the information
regarding their Convertible Preferred Securities, in transactions exempt from
the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Offered Securities may be sold from time to time to purchasers directly
by the Selling Holders. Alternatively, the Selling Holders may from time to time
offer the Offered Securities to or through underwriters, broker/dealers or
agents, who may receive compensation in the form of underwriting discounts,
concessions or commissions from the Selling Holders or the purchasers of such
securities for whom they may act as agents. The Selling Holders and any
underwriters, broker/dealers or agents that participate in the distribution of
Offered Securities may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the meaning of the
Securities Act and any profit on the sale of such securities and any discounts,
commissions, concessions or other compensation received by any such underwriter,
broker/dealer or agent may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and
commissions under the Securities Act.
The Offered Securities may be sold from time to time in one or more
transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale,
at varying prices determined at the time of sale or at negotiated prices. The
sale of the Offered Securities may be effected in transactions (which may
involve crosses or block transactions) (i) on any national securities exchange
or quotation service on which the Offered Securities may be listed or quoted at
the time of sale, (ii) in the over-the-counter market or (iii) in transactions
otherwise than on such exchanges or in the over-the-counter market. At the time
a particular offering of the Offered Securities is made, a Prospectus
Supplement, if required, will be distributed which will set forth the aggregate
amount and type of Offered Securities being offered and the terms of the
offering, including the name or names of any underwriters, broker/dealers or
agents, any discounts, commissions and other terms constituting compensation
from the Selling Holders and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed
or reallowed or paid to broker/dealers.
To comply with the securities laws of certain jurisdictions, if applicable,
the Offered Securities will be offered or sold in such jurisdictions only
through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain
jurisdictions the Offered Securities may not be offered or sold unless they have
been registered or qualified for sale in such jurisdictions or any exemption
from registration or qualification is available and is complied with.
<PAGE>
The Selling Holders will be subject to applicable provisions of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, which provisions may
limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the Offered Securities by the
Selling Holders. The foregoing may affect the marketability of such securities.
Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, all expenses of the
registration of the Offered Securities will be paid by the Company, including,
without limitation, Commission filing fees and expenses of compliance with state
securities or "blue sky" laws; provided, however, that the Selling Holders will
pay all underwriting discounts and selling commissions, if any. The Selling
Holders will be indemnified by the Company and the Trust, jointly and severally
against certain civil liabilities, including certain liabilities under the
Securities Act, or will be entitled to contribution in connection therewith. The
Company and the Trust will be indemnified by the Selling Holders severally
against certain civil liabilities, including certain liabilities under the
Securities Act, or will be entitled to contribution in connection therewith.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the Convertible Preferred Securities will be passed upon
for the Issuer by Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell, special Delaware counsel to
the Issuer. The validity of the Convertible Junior Subordinated Debentures, the
Guarantee, Greenfield Common Stock issuable upon conversion of such Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures and certain United States federal income taxation
matters were passed upon for Greenfield and the Issuer by Dickstein, Shapiro &
Morin, L.L.P. Sidney Dickstein, a partner of Dickstein Shapiro Morin & Oshinsky
LLP, successor to Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin, L.L.P., serves as a trustee of
several trusts which, at September 10, 1996, collectively owned 50,000 shares of
Greenfield Common Stock. Mr. Dickstein disclaims beneficial ownership of such
shares.
EXPERTS
The financial statements and schedules incorporated in this Prospectus by
reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Greenfield for the year ended
December 31, 1995, and the audited historical financial statements of Rule
included in Greenfield's Current Report on Form 8-K dated as of January 12,
1996, as amended by Form 8-K/A dated as of January 12, 1996, have been so
incorporated in reliance on the reports of Price Waterhouse LLP, independent
accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and
accounting.
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS
Page Page
---- ----
<C> <C> <C> <C>
1940 Act.............................. 26 interested stockholder............ 46
AMT .................................. 13 Investment Company Event ......... 26
accredited investors.................. 1 Issuer............................ 1
Additional Interest................... 39 Issuer Trustees................... 8
Applicable Price...................... 24 Liquidation Distribution.......... 28
Appointment Event..................... 29 Non-Stock Fundamental Change...... 25
Beneficial Owner...................... 33 No Recognition Opinion............ 25
Business Day.......................... 20 NNM............................... 3
CTD .................................. 11 Offered Securities................ 2
Carbidie.............................. 13 OID............................... 47
Certificate........................... 45 Original Offering................. 1
Certificated Securities............... 32 Original Offering Date............ 1
Change in 1940 Act Law................ 26 PORTAL............................ 8
Code.................................. 47 Participants...................... 32
Closing Price......................... 24 Plans............................. 50
Commission............................ 3 Pro Forma Transactions............ A-1
Common Securities..................... 1 Property Account.................. 9
Common Stock Fundamental Change....... 24 Prospectus Supplement............. 2
Company............................... 1 Purchaser Stock Price............. 25
Convertible Junior Subordinated qualified institutional buyers.... 1
Debentures.......................... 1 RTW............................... 10
Convertible Preferred Securities...... 1 Redemption Price.................. 3
DTC .................................. 26 Redemption Tax Opinion............ 25
Declaration........................... 8 Reference Market Price............ 25
Declaration Event of Default.......... 29 Registration Default.............. 32
Deferral Period....................... 6 Registration Rights Agreement..... 32
Delaware Trustee...................... 9 Registration Statement............ 3
Entitlement Date...................... 24 Regulation........................ 51
ERISA................................. 50 Rights............................ 21
Event of Default...................... 29 Rights Agreement.................. 21
Exchange Act.......................... 3 Rule.............................. 10
Financial Institution................. 50 SEC............................... 3
Financing Entity...................... 40 Section 203....................... 46
Fundamental Change.................... 24 Securities Act.................... 1
GFII Trustees......................... 9 Selling Holders................... 2
Global Certificates................... 32 Senior Indebtedness............... 40
Greenfield............................ 1 Series A Preferred Stock.......... 25
Greenfield Common Stock............... 1 Service........................... 21
Greenfield Preferred Stock............ 45 Shelf Registration Statement...... 32
Greenfield Transaction................ 22 Special Event..................... 26
Guarantee............................. 2 Special Trustee................... 9
Guarantee Payments.................... 35 Successor Securities.............. 28
Guarantee Trustee..................... 9 TRW............................... 10
Indenture............................. 37 Tax Event......................... 26
Indenture Trustee..................... 9 Trust............................. 1
Indirect Participants................. 33 Trust Act......................... 9
Initial Purchasers.................... 51 Trustee........................... 9
Interest Payment Date................. 38 Trust Indenture Act............... 9
Trust Securities.................. 1
</TABLE>
55
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ANNEX A
PRO FORMA UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995
The following pro forma unaudited consolidated statement of operations of
the Company for the year ended December 31, 1995, was prepared to illustrate the
estimated effects of (i) the acquisition of Rule (as described further below)
and the financing thereof and (ii) the Offering contemplated hereby (assuming
the over-allotment option is not exercised) and the application of the estimated
net proceeds to the Company therefrom to prepay outstanding indebtedness
(collectively, the "Pro Forma Transactions"), as if the Pro Forma Transactions
had occurred on January 1, 1995.
On January 12, 1996, the Company completed the acquisition of Rule. The
merger agreement provided for an aggregate cash consideration of approximately
$46 million, including the approximately $5 million used by the Company to
purchase 630,000 shares of Rule common stock on September 11, 1995, plus the
assumption of approximately $38 million of debt. The Company financed the
acquisition under its existing credit facilities. The acquisition was accounted
for using the purchase method of accounting. The purchase price has been
allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities to
be acquired based on management's preliminary estimate of their fair value. The
excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets to be
acquired was recorded as goodwill and is being amortized over a 40-year period.
The pro forma unaudited consolidated statement of operations does not
purport to represent (i) the actual results of operations of the Company, had
the Pro Forma Transactions occurred on January 1, 1995, or (ii) the results to
be expected in the future. Management believes that the assumptions used in
preparing the pro forma unaudited consolidated statement of operations provide a
reasonable basis for presenting all of the significant effects of the Pro Forma
Transactions, that the pro forma adjustments give appropriate effect to those
assumptions, and that the pro forma adjustments are properly applied in the pro
forma unaudited consolidated statement of operations.
The pro forma unaudited consolidated statement of operations and
accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the historical financial
statements of the Company and Rule, including the notes thereto, and the other
financial information pertaining to the Company and Rule, including the
information set forth under "Capitalization," "Selected Consolidated Financial
Data," and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations," included elsewhere or incorporated herein by reference.
A-1
<PAGE>
Rule Pro Forma
Greenfield Rule Pro Forma Acquisition Offering As
As Reported As Reported(a) Adjustments Pro Forma Adjustments Adjusted
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
(dollars in thousands, except for per share data)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales ............................. $ 420,188 $ 64,412 $ -- $ 484,600 $ -- $ 484,600
Cost of sales ......................... 288,158 47,302 (2,449)(b) 333,011 -- 333,011
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
132,030 17,110 2,449 151,589 151,589
Selling, general and administrative
expense ............................. 70,952 16,130 (3,540)(c) 83,542 -- 83,542
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Operating income ...................... 61,078 980 5,989 68,047 -- 68,047
Interest expense and other ............ 8,223 4,449 2,208(d) 14,880 (6,890)(f) 7,990
Dividends on company-obligated
mandatorily redeemable convertible
preferred securities of Greenfield
Capital Trust at 6% per annum ....... -- -- -- -- 6,000(g) 6,000
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Income (loss) before taxes ............ 52,855 (3,469) 3,781 53,167 890 54,057
Provision (benefit) for income taxes .. 21,390 (1,518) 1,819(e) 21,691 356(h) 22,047
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Net income $ 31,465 $ (1,951) $ 1,962 $ 31,476 $ 534 $ 32,010
=========== =========== =========== =========== =========== ===========
Earnings per share - primary .......... $ 1.94 $ 1.94 $ 1.97
Earnings per share - fully diluted .... -- -- $ 1.91(i)
Common shares - outstanding ........... 16,260,377 16,260,377 16,260,377
Common shares - fully diluted ......... -- -- 18,684,619(i)
<FN>
- ------------------
(a) Amounts reflect Rule's unaudited historical operating results for the twelve months ended November 30, 1995.
(b) Cost of sales has been reduced for the following items:
Net personnel ($1,775) and purchasing cost ($276) reductions from restructuring of Rule operations ..... $ 2,051
Cost reductions from purchase of Gloucester plant versus lease ......................................... 398
--------
$ 2,449
========
(c) Selling, general and administrative expenses have been reduced (increased) for the following:
Personnel cost reductions from restructuring of Rule operations ........................................ $ 1,144
Corporate facility cost reductions ..................................................................... 328
Cost reductions from the elimination of redundant corporate expenses ................................... 901
Increase in goodwill amortization ...................................................................... (644)
Decrease in amortization of predecessor intangible assets .............................................. 1,116
Non-recurring divestiture expenses incurred by Rule related to the sale of Rule to Greenfield .......... 695
--------
$ 3,540
========
(d) Interest expense and other has been increased to reflect the addition of acquisition debt and the
refinancing of Rule debt, as follows:
Financing of purchase including acquisition costs and purchase of Gloucester plant ..................... $ 53,810
Assumption of debt to be refinanced .................................................................... 35,241
--------
Total Rule acquisition debt ............................................................................ 89,051
Average Greenfield interest rate for 1995 .............................................................. 7.14%
Pro forma interest expense for 12 months ............................................................... 6,358
Interest recorded on $5,040 Rule investment in historical Greenfield operating results ................. (120)
Interest expense recorded in historical Rule operating results ......................................... (4,030)
--------
Annual increase in interest expense .................................................................... $ 2,208
========
(e) Amount reflects estimated income tax effect of pro forma adjustments (excluding non-deductible goodwill amortization).
(f) Amount represents the interest savings relative to the repayment of debt with the Offering proceeds as follows:
Floating rate debt outstanding under the Company's senior unsecured domestic credit
facility which was repaid with net Offering proceds .................................................... $ 97,000
Weighted average interest rate on the Company's floating rate debt in 1995 ............................. 7.10%
--------
Interest savings ....................................................................................... $ 6,890
========
(g) Amount represents the dividends on the company-obligated mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred securities of
Greenfield Capital Trust at a rate per annum of 6%.
(h) Amount reflects estimated income tax effect of the adjustments described under the column entitled "Offering
Adjustments".
(i) Fully diluted earnings per share is calculated on an "as converted" basis for the company-obligated mandatorily
redeemable convertible preferred securities of Greenfield Capital Trust.
</FN>
</TABLE>
A-2
<PAGE>
NO DEALER, SALESPERSON OR OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN
AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY
REPRESENTATION NOT CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS AND,
IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATION
MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY
THE COMPANY, THE ISSUER OR ANY OF THEIR AGENTS. THIS
PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR A
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY OF THE SECURITIES
OFFERED HEREBY IN ANY JURISDICTION TO ANY PERSON TO
WHOM IT IS UNLAWFUL TO MAKE SUCH OFFER IN SUCH
JURISDICTION. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS
NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL, UNDER ANY
CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE ANY IMPLICATION THAT THE
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME
SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE HEREOF OR THAT THERE HAS BEEN
NO CHANGE IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY OR THE ISSUER
SINCE SUCH DATE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
Available Information...............................3
Incorporation of Certain
Documents by Reference...........................4
Risk Factors........................................5
Greenfield Capital Trust............................8
The Company.........................................9
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.................17
Capitalization.....................................18
Accounting Treatment...............................19
Use of Proceeds....................................19
Description of the Convertible Preferred
Securities......................................19
Description of the Guarantee.......................35
Description of the Convertible
Junior Subordinated Debentures..................37
Effect of Obligations Under the
Convertible Junior
Subordinated Debentures and
the Guarantee...................................44
Description of Greenfield Capital Stock............45
United States Taxation.............................47
ERISA Considerations...............................50
Selling Holders....................................51
Plan of Distribution...............................53
Legal Matters......................................54
Experts............................................54
Index of Defined Terms.............................55
Annex A...........................................A-1
<PAGE>
GREENFIELD CAPITAL TRUST
2,300,000 TIDES SM
6 % Convertible Preferred Securities
Term Income Deferrable
Equity Securities (TIDES)SM
fully and unconditionally guaranteed by,
and convertible into Common Stock of,
GREENFIELD INDUSTRIES, INC.
PROSPECTUS
September 26, 1996
