NEUBERGER & BERMAN EQUITY TRUST
Neuberger & Berman NYCDC Socially Responsive Trust
Supplement dated April 1, 1997 to Statement of
Additional Information dated December 6, 1996
INVESTMENT INFORMATION
The section regarding the investment program and manager of the Portfolio (pages
5-7) is revised to read as follows:
THE PORTFOLIO
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Securities for the Portfolio are selected through a two-phase
process. The first is financial. The portfolio manager analyzes a universe of
companies according to N&B Management's value-oriented philosophy and looks for
stocks which are undervalued for any number of reasons. The manager focuses on
financial fundamentals, including balance sheet ratios and cash flow analysis,
and meets with company management in an effort to understand how those
unrecognized values might be realized in the market.
The second part of the process is social screening. N&B
Management's social research is based on the same kind of philosophy that
governs its financial approach: N&B Management believes that first-hand
knowledge and experience are its most important tools. Utilizing a database, the
portfolio manager does careful, in-depth tracking and analyzes a large number of
companies on some eighty issues in six broad social categories. The manager uses
a wide variety of sources to determine company practices and policies in these
areas. Performance is analyzed in light of knowledge of the issues and of the
best practices in each industry.
The portfolio manager understands that, for many issues and in
many industries, absolute standards are elusive and often counterproductive.
Thus, in addition to quantitative measurements, the manager places value on such
indicators as management commitment, progress, direction, and industry
leadership.
AN INTERVIEW WITH THE PORTFOLIO MANAGER
Q: First things first. How do you begin your stock selection
process?
A: Our first question is always: On financial grounds alone, is a
company a smart investment? For a company's stock to meet our financial test, it
must pass a number of hurdles.
We look for bargains, just like the portfolio managers of the
other portfolios managed by N&B Management. More specifically, we search for
companies that we believe have terrific products, excellent customer service,
and solid balance sheets -- but because they may have missed quarterly earnings
expectations by a few pennies, because their sectors are currently out of favor,
because Wall Street overreacted to a temporary setback, or because the company's
merits aren't widely known, their stocks are selling at a discount.
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While we look at the stock's fundamentals carefully, that's not
all we examine. We meet an awful lot of CEOs and CFOs. Top officers of over 400
companies visit Neuberger & Berman each year, and we're also frequently on the
road visiting dozens of corporations. From the Fund's inception, we've met with
representatives of every company we own.
When we're face to face with a CEO, we're searching for answers
to two crucial questions: "Does the company have a vision of where it wants to
go?" and "Can the management team make it happen?" We've analyzed companies for
over three decades, and we always look for companies that have both clear
strategies and management talent.
Q: When you evaluate a company's balance sheet, what matters the
most to you?
A: Definitely a company's "free cash flow." Compare it to your
household's discretionary income -- the money you have left over each month
after you pay off your monthly debt and other expenses. With ample free cash
flow, a company can do any number of things. It can buy back its stock. Make
important acquisitions. Expand its research and development spending. Or
increase its dividend payments.
When a company generates lots of excess cash flow, it has growth
capital at its disposal. It can invest for higher profits down the line and
improve shareholder value. Determining exactly HOW a company intends to spend
its excess cash is an entirely different matter -- and that's where the
information learned in our company meetings comes in. Still, you've got to have
the extra cash in the first place. Which is why we pay so much attention to it.
Q: So you take a hard look at a company's balance sheet and its
management. After a company passes your financial test, what do you do next?
A: After we're convinced of a company's merits on financial
grounds alone, we review its record as a corporate citizen. In particular, we
look for evidence of leadership in three key areas: concern for the environment,
workplace diversity, and enlightened employment practices.
It should be clear that our social screening always takes place
after we search far and wide for what we believe are the best investment
opportunities available. This is a crucial point, and an analogy can be used to
explain it. Let's assume you're looking to fill a vital position in your
company. What you'd pay attention to first is the candidate's competence: Can he
or she do the job? So after interviewing a number of candidates, you'd narrow
your list to those that are highly qualified. To choose from this smaller group,
you might look at the candidate's personality: Can he or she get along with
everyone in your group?
Obviously, you wouldn't hire an unqualified person simply because
he or she is likable. What you'd probably do is give the job to a highly
qualified person who is ALSO compatible with your group.
Now, let's turn to the companies that do make our financial cuts.
How do we decide whether they meet our social criteria? Once again, our regular
meetings with CEOs are key. We look for top management's support of programs
that put more women and minorities in the pipeline to be future officers and
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board members; that minimize emissions, reduce waste, conserve energy, and
protect natural resources; and that enable employees to balance work and family
life with benefits such as flextime and generous maternal AND paternal leave.
We realize that companies are not all good or all bad. Instead of
looking for ethical perfection, we analyze how a company responds to troublesome
problems. If a company is cited for breaking a pollution law, we evaluate its
reaction. We also ask: Is it the first time? Do its top executives have a plan
for making sure it doesn't happen again -- and how committed are they?
If we're satisfied with the answers, a company makes it into our
portfolio. When all is said and done, we invest in companies that have diverse
work forces, strong CEOs, tough environmental standards, AND terrific balance
sheets. In our judgment, financially strong companies that are also good
corporate citizens are more likely to enjoy a competitive advantage. These days,
more and more people won't buy a product unless they know it's environmentally
friendly. In a similar vein, companies that treat their workers well may be more
productive and profitable.
Q: Why have investors been attracted to the Fund?
A: Our shareholders are looking to invest for the future in more
ways than one. While they care deeply about their own financial futures, they're
equally passionate about the world they leave to later generations. They want to
be able to meet their college bills and leave a world where the air is a little
cleaner and where the doors to the executive suite are a little more open.
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