<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER FOR THE PAYEE (YOU)
TO GIVE THE PAYER. --Social security numbers have nine digits separated by two
hyphens: i.e., 000-000-000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits
separated by only one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help
determine the number to give the payer. All "Section" references are to the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. "IRS" means the Internal Revenue
Service.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
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<C> <S> <C>
GIVE THE
SOCIAL SECURITY
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT: NUMBER OF--
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1. Individual The individual
2. Two or more individuals The actual owner of the
(joint account) account, or, if combined
funds, the first
individual on the
account(1)
3. Custodian account of a The minor(2)
minor (Uniform Gift to
Minors Act)
4. a. The usual revocable The grantor-trustee(1)
savings trust account
(grantor is also
trustee)
b. So-called trust The actual owner(1)
account that is not a
legal or valid trust
under state law
5. Sole proprietorship The owner(3)
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
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<C> <S> <C>
GIVE THE
EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT: NUMBER OF--
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6. Sole proprietorship The owner(3)
7. A valid trust, estate, The legal entity(4)
or pension trust
8. Corporate The corporation
9. Association, club, The organization
religious, charitable,
educational or other
tax-exempt organization
10. Partnership The partnership
11. A broker or registered The broker or nominee
nominee
12. Account with the The public entity
Department of
Agriculture in the name
of a public entity (such
as a state or local
government, school
district or prison) that
receives agricultural
program payments
</TABLE>
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(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If
only one person on a joint account has a social security number, that
person's number must be furnished.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3) You must show your individual name, but you may also enter your business or
"doing business as" name. You may use either your social security number or
your employer identification number (if you have one).
(4) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust.
(Do not furnish the taxpayer identification number of the personal
representative or trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated
in the account title.)
NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name listed, the number
will be considered to be that of the first name listed.
<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
OBTAINING A NUMBER
If you don't have a taxpayer identification number, obtain Form SS-5,
Application for a Social Security Card, at the local Social Security
Administration office, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification
Number, by calling 1 (800) TAX-FORM, and apply for a number.
PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING
PAYEES SPECIFICALLY EXEMPTED FROM WITHHOLDING INCLUDE:
- An organization exempt from tax under Section 501(a), an individual
retirement account (IRA), or a custodial account under Section 403(b)(7),
if the account satisfies the requirements of Section 401(f)(2).
- The United States or a state thereof, the District of Columbia, a
possession of the United States, or a political subdivision or
wholly-owned agency or instrumentality of any one or more of the
foregoing.
- An international organization or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
- A foreign government or any political subdivision, agency or
instrumentality thereof.
PAYEES THAT MAY BE EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING INCLUDE:
- A corporation.
- A financial institution.
- A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the United
States, the District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States.
- A real estate investment trust.
- A common trust fund operated by a bank under Section 584(a).
- An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment
Company Act of 1940.
- A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or who is
listed in the most recent publication of the American Society of Corporate
Secretaries, Inc. Nominee List.
- A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission.
- A foreign central bank of issue.
- A trust exempt from tax under Section 664 or described in Section 4947.
PAYMENTS OF DIVIDENDS AND PATRONAGE DIVIDENDS GENERALLY EXEMPT FROM BACKUP
WITHHOLDING INCLUDE:
- Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under Section 1441.
- Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the United
States and that have at least one nonresident alien partner.
- Payments of patronage dividends not paid in mone
- Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
- Section 404(k) payments made by an ESOP.
PAYMENTS OF INTEREST GENERALLY EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING INCLUDE:
- Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. (Note: you may
be subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more and is
paid in the course of the payer's trade or business and you have not
provided your correct taxpayer identification number to the payer.)
- Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
Section 852).
- Payments described in Section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
- Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under Section 1451.
- Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
- Mortgage interest paid to you.
CERTAIN PAYMENTS, OTHER THAN PAYMENTS OF INTEREST DIVIDENDS, AND PATRONAGE
DIVIDENDS, THAT ARE EXEMPT FROM INFORMATION REPORTING ARE ALSO EXEMPT FROM
BACKUP WITHHOLDING. FOR DETAILS, SEE SECTION 6041, 6041A, 6042, 6044, 6045,
6049, 6050A AND 6050N AND THE REGULATIONS THEREUNDER.
EXEMPT PAYEES SHOULD COMPLETE A SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 TO AVOID POSSIBLE ERRONEOUS
BACKUP WITHHOLDING. Furnish your taxpayer identification number, check the box
containing the words "Part II" on the Substitute Form W-9, sign and date the
form and return it to the payer.
PRIVACY ACT NOTICE
Section 6109 requires you to provide your correct taxpayer identification number
to payers who must report the payments to the IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for
identification purposes and to help verify the accuracy of your return and may
also provide this information to various government agencies for tax enforcement
or litigation purposes. Payers must be given the numbers whether or not
recipients am required to file tax returns. Payers must generally withhold 31%
of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does
not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may
also apply.
PENALTIES
(1) FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER--If you fail to furnish
your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject to a penalty of
$50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not
to willful neglect.
(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING--If you make
a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no backup
withholding, you are subject to a $500 penalty.
(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION--Willfully falsifying
certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including
fines and/or imprisonment.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONSULT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.
