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Securities Act File No. 33-65690
Investment Company Act File No. 811-7850
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 / X /
Pre-Effective Amendment No. ______ / /
Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 / X /
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 7
THE PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE FUND
--------------------------------------------------------
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
3435 STELZER ROAD
COLUMBUS, OHIO 43219
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (800) 451-8377
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<S> <C>
Joseph B. Hemker, Esq. Copy to: Melanie Mayo West, Esq.
HOWARD & HOWARD ATTORNEYS, P.C. HERTZ, SCHRAM & SARETSKY, P.C.
100 Portage Street, Suite 200 1760 S. Telegraph Road, Suite 300
Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007-4802 Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 48302-0183
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(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: Continuous
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
/ / immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b).
/ X / on April 30, 1998 pursuant to paragraph (b).
/ / 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1).
/ / on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485.
/ / 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2).
/ / on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.
If appropriate, check the following box:
/ / this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date
for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
Title of Securities Being Registered: Shares of Beneficial Interest
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THE PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE FUND
FORM N-1A
CROSS REFERENCE SHEET
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PART A. INFORMATION REQUIRED IN A PROSPECTUS
ITEM NO. (RULE 404(a) CROSS REFERENCE)
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1. Cover Page Cover Page
2. Synopsis Fees and Expenses
3. Condensed Financial Information Financial Highlights; Performance
Information
4. General Description of Registrant Cover Page; Investment Objectives
and Policies; Risk Factors and
Investment Techniques; Investment
Restrictions; Description of the
Trust and its Shares
5. Management of the Fund Management of the Trust; Fees and
Expenses
5A. Management's Discussion of Fund Not Applicable
Performance
6. Capital Stock and Other Securities Dividends and Taxes; Description
of the Trust and its Shares;
Miscellaneous
7. Purchase of Securities Being Purchase and Redemption of
Offered Shares; How Shares are Valued
8. Redemption or Repurchase Purchase and Redemption of Shares
9. Pending Legal Proceedings Not Applicable
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THE PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE FUND
3435 STELZER ROAD
COLUMBUS, OHIO 43219
PROSPECTUS
April 30, 1998
The Parkstone Advantage Fund (the "Trust") is an open-end, diversified
series investment company established exclusively for the purpose of providing
an investment vehicle for variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance
policies offered by the separate accounts (the "Separate Accounts") of various
life insurance companies ("Participating Insurance Companies"). Shares of the
Trust are not offered to the general public but solely to such Separate
Accounts. As of the date of this Prospectus, the only Participating Insurance
Company is Security Benefit Life Insurance Company. The Trust may, however,
pursuant to an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"SEC"), permit shares of the Trust to be sold to and held by Separate Accounts
funding variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies issued
by both affiliated and unaffiliated life insurance companies.
The Trust currently offers four portfolios - the Small Capitalization
Fund, the Mid Capitalization Fund (formerly, the Equity Fund), the Bond Fund,
and the International Discovery Fund (collectively, the "Funds" and singly, a
"Fund") with investment objectives as described below. There is, of course, no
assurance that a Fund will achieve its stated objective. Formerly, the Trust
also offered the Prime Obligations Fund which ceased operations on March 6,
1998.
The SMALL CAPITALIZATION FUND'S investment objective is to seek growth
of capital by investing primarily in a diversified portfolio of common stocks
and securities convertible into common stocks of small- to medium-sized
companies.
The MID CAPITALIZATION FUND'S investment objective is to seek growth of
capital by investing primarily in a diversified portfolio of common stocks and
securities convertible into common stocks.
The BOND FUND'S investment objective is to seek current income as well
as preservation of capital by investing in a portfolio of high- and medium-grade
fixed-income securities.
The INTERNATIONAL DISCOVERY FUND'S investment objective is to seek
long-term growth of capital.
Each of the Funds is advised by First of America Investment Corporation
("First of America" or "Investment Adviser"). First of America has retained the
services of Gulfstream Global Investors, Ltd. ("Gulfstream" or "Subadviser") to
assist in the management of the International Discovery Fund. The Funds are
distributed by BISYS Fund Services, LP
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("BISYS"). BISYS also serves as fund accountant and transfer agent. Union Bank
of California, N.A. ("Union Bank"), formerly known as The Bank of California,
N.A., serves as custodian.
Shares of the Funds may only be purchased by the Separate Accounts of
Participating Insurance Companies for the purpose of funding variable annuity
contracts and variable life insurance policies. A particular Fund may not be
available under the variable annuity contract or variable life insurance policy
which you have chosen. The prospectus of the specific insurance product you have
chosen will indicate which Funds are available and should be read in conjunction
with this Prospectus. Inclusion in this Prospectus of a Fund which is not
available under your contract or policy is not to be considered a solicitation.
This Prospectus sets forth concisely the information about the Trust
that a prospective investor ought to know before investing and should be
retained for future reference. Certain additional information about the Trust is
contained in the April 30, 1998 Statement of Additional Information, as amended
from time to time, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission and is incorporated herein by reference. This Statement of Additional
Information is available upon request and without charge by writing to the Trust
at 3435 Stelzer Road, Columbus, Ohio 43219 or calling the Participating
Insurance Company sponsoring the variable annuity contract or variable life
insurance policy.
THE SHARES OF THE PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE FUND ARE NOT OBLIGATIONS OR
DEPOSITS OF FIRST OF AMERICA INVESTMENT CORPORATION OR ITS PARENT, AND THE
INVESTMENTS DESCRIBED IN THE PROSPECTUS ARE NOT ENDORSED, INSURED OR GUARANTEED
BY FIRST OF AMERICA INVESTMENT CORPORATION, ITS PARENT OR THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT
INSURANCE CORPORATION OR ANY OTHER AGENCY. INVESTMENTS IN THE PARKSTONE
ADVANTAGE FUND INVOLVE INVESTMENT RISK, INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF THE
PRINCIPAL AMOUNT INVESTED.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS................................................................................... 4
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES..................................................................... 10
RISK FACTORS AND INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES................................................................. 16
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS................................................................................ 30
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST................................................................................ 31
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND ITS SHARES................................................................ 35
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES...................................................................... 36
FEES AND EXPENSES...................................................................................... 37
HOW SHARES ARE VALUED.................................................................................. 38
DIVIDENDS AND TAXES.................................................................................... 38
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION................................................................................ 40
MISCELLANEOUS.......................................................................................... 41
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3
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The tables on the following pages set forth certain information
concerning the investment results of each Fund since its inception. Further
financial information is included in the Statement of Additional Information and
the Trust's December 31, 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders which may be
obtained free of charge. The information contained in the tables on the
following pages has been derived from financial statements audited by Ernst &
Young LLP, independent auditors for the Trust, whose report thereon is
incorporated by reference in the Statement of Additional Information.
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5
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PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE SMALL CAPITALIZATION FUND
Year ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993(a)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 18.20 $ 15.71 $ 11.58 $11.00 $10.00
Investment Activities
Net Investment Loss (0.20) (0.15) (0.15) (0.13) (0.03)
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)
on Investments (0.79) 4.79 4.28 0.71 1.03
Total from Investment Activities (0.99) 4.64 4.13 0.58 1.00
Distributions
Net Realized Gains (0.09) (2.15) - - -
Total Distributions (0.09) (2.15) - - -
NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD $ 17.12 $18.20 $ 15.71 $11.58 $11.00
Total Return (c) (5.47%) 29.66% 35.66% 5.27% 10.00%
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Net Assets, End of Period (000) $26,860 $24,495 $13,273 $7,476 $3,065
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets 1.55% 1.40% 1.64% 1.98% 1.87%(b)
Ratio of Net Investment Loss
to Average Net Assets (1.20%) (1.06%) (1.29%) (1.66%) (1.40%)(b)
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets* - - - - 2.23%(b)
Ratio of Net Investment Loss to Average
Net Assets* - - - - (1.76%)(b)
Portfolio Turnover 51% 60% 64% 39% 23%
Average Commission Rate Paid (d) $0.0800 $0.0799(e) - - -
</TABLE>
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE MID CAPITALIZATION FUND
Year ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993(a)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $14.60 $12.44 $ 9.64 $10.17 $10.00
Investment Activities
Net Investment Loss (0.11) (0.09) (0.08) (0.07) (0.02)
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain
(Loss) on Investments 1.90 2.25 2.88 (0.46) 0.19
Total from Investment Activities 1.79 2.16 2.80 (0.53) 0.17
---- ------ ------ ------ -----
DISTRIBUTIONS
From Net Realized Gains (2.16) - - - -
---- --- --- --- --
Total Distributions (2.16) - - - -
---- --- --- --- --
NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD $14.23 $14.60 $12.44 $ 9.64 $10.17
Total Return (c) 12.58% 17.36% 29.05% (5.21%) 1.70%
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Net Assets, End of Period (000) $31,059 $24,041 $14,977 $9,095 $3,893
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets 1.53% 1.42% 1.62% 1.86% 2.11%(b)
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss)
to Average Net Assets (0.88%) (0.73%) (0.84%) (0.92%) (1.09%)(b)
Portfolio Turnover 55% 127% 44% 51% 45%(b)
Average Commission Rate Paid (d) $0.0798 $0.0800(e) - - -
</TABLE>
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE BOND FUND
Year ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993(a)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $10.33 $10.50 $ 9.35 $ 9.96 $10.00
Investment Activities
Net Investment Income 0.48 0.36 0.40 0.42 0.10
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain
(Loss) on Investments 0.30 (0.18) 1.17 (0.96) (0.14)
Total from Investment Activities 0.78 0.18 1.57 (0.54) (0.04)
Distributions
Net Investment Income (0.41) (0.35) (0.42) (0.07) -
Total Distributions (0.41) (0.35) (0.42) (0.07) -
NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD $10.70 $10.33 $10.50 $ 9.35 $ 9.96
Total Return (c) 7.69% 1.83% 16.98% (5.38%) (0.40%)
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Net Assets, End of Period (000) $11,856 $9,754 $6,758 $4,651 $3,216
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets 1.36% 1.29% 1.57% 1.80% 2.03%(b)
Ratio of Net Investment Loss
to Average Net Assets 5.36% 5.32% 5.31% 5.27% 5.23%(b)
Portfolio Turnover 144% 492% 178% 159% 101%
</TABLE>
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE INTERNATIONAL DISCOVERY FUND
Year ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993(a)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $12.18 $10.59 $ 9.65 $10.35 $10.00
Investment Activities
Net Investment Loss (0.06) (0.04) (0.03) (0.07) (0.03)
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain
(Loss) on Investments 0.32 1.67 0.97 (0.63) 0.38
Total from Investment Activities 0.26 1.63 0.94 (0.70) 0.35
Distributions
In Excess of Net Investment Income - (0.04) - - -
Total Distributions - (0.04) - - -
NET ASSET VALUE, END OF PERIOD $12.44 $12.18 $10.59 $ 9.65 $10.35
Total Return (c) 2.13% 15.41% 9.74% (6.76%) 3.50%
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Net Assets, End of Period (000) $18,784 $17,001 $11,645 $9,537 $6,335
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets 1.90% 2.00% 2.38% 2.34% 2.51%(b)
Ratio of Net Investment Loss
to Average Net Assets (0.46%) (0.35%) (0.39%) (1.13%) (1.38%)(b)
Portfolio Turnover 34% 65% 86% 87% 13%
Average Commission Rate Paid (d) $0.0264 $0.0316(e) - - -
</TABLE>
* During the period, certain investment advisory fees were was
voluntarily reduced. If such voluntary fee reductions had not occurred,
the ratios would have been as indicated.
(a) Period from commencement of operations (September 23, 1993).
(b) Annualized.
(c) Total return information does not take into account any charges paid at
the time of purchase and for the year ended December 31, 1993 is not
annualized.
(d) Represents the total dollar amount of commissions paid on portfolio
security transactions divided by total number of shares purchased and
sold by the Fund for which commissions were charged.
(e) For the period June 30, 1996 through December 31, 1996.
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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
GENERAL
The investment objectives of each of the Funds is set forth below under
the headings describing the Funds. The investment objectives of each Fund are
fundamental and may not be changed without a vote of the holders of a majority
of the outstanding shares of that Fund (as defined in the Statement of
Additional Information). The investment policies of a Fund may be changed
without a vote of the holders of a majority of outstanding shares of that Fund
unless the policy is expressly deemed to be a fundamental policy or changeable
only by such majority vote. There can be no assurance that the investment
objective of any Fund will be achieved. Depending upon the performance of a
Fund's investments, the net asset value per share of that Fund may decrease
instead of increase.
During temporary defensive periods as determined by First of America or
Gulfstream, as the case may be, each of the Funds may hold up to 100% of its
total assets in short-term obligations including domestic bank certificates of
deposit, bankers' acceptances and repurchase agreements secured by bank
instruments. However, to the extent that a Fund is so invested, its investment
objective may not be achieved during that time. Uninvested cash reserves will
not earn income.
10
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11
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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES OF THE SMALL CAPITALIZATION FUND
------------------------------------------------------------------
The investment objective of the Small Capitalization Fund is to seek
growth of capital by investing primarily in a diversified portfolio of common
stocks and securities convertible into common stocks of small- to medium-sized
companies. Under normal market conditions, the Small Capitalization Fund will
invest at least 80% of the value of its total assets in common stocks and
securities convertible into common stocks of companies believed by First of
America to be characterized by sound management and the ability to finance
expected long-term growth. In addition, under normal market conditions, the
Small Capitalization Fund will invest at least 65% of the value of its total
assets in common stock or in securities convertible into common stocks of
companies considered by First of America to have a market capitalization of less
than $1 billion. The Small Capitalization Fund may also invest up to 20% of the
value of its total assets in preferred stocks, corporate bonds, notes, units of
real estate investment trusts, warrants, and short-term obligations (with
maturities of 12 months or less) consisting of commercial paper (including
variable amount master demand notes), bankers' acceptances,
13
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certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements, obligations issued or guaranteed
by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, and demand and time
deposits of domestic and foreign banks and savings associations. The Small
Capitalization Fund may also hold securities of other investment companies in
depository or custodial receipts representing beneficial interests in any of the
foregoing securities.
Subject to the foregoing policies, the Small Capitalization Fund may
also invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign securities either directly or
through the purchase of American Depository Receipts ("ADRs") or European
Depository Receipts ("EDRs") and may also invest in securities issued by foreign
branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks, in CCP, and in Europaper. For a
discussion of risks associated with foreign securities, see "RISK FACTORS AND
INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES - Foreign Securities" below.
The Small Capitalization Fund anticipates investing in dynamic small-
to medium-sized companies that exhibit outstanding potential for superior
growth. Small-sized companies are considered to be those with a market
capitalization of less than $1 billion. The Small Capitalization Fund will limit
its investment in securities of medium-sized companies to not more than 35% of
the value of its total assets. Companies that participate in sectors that are
identified as having long-term growth potential generally make up a substantial
portion of the Small Capitalization Fund's holdings. These companies often have
established the market niche or have developed the unique products or
technologies that are expected to produce superior growth in revenues and
earnings. As smaller capitalization stocks are quite volatile and subject to
wide fluctuations in both the short and medium term, the Small Capitalization
Fund may be fairly characterized as more aggressive than a general equity fund.
Consistent with the foregoing, the Small Capitalization Fund will focus
its investments in those companies and types of companies that First of America
believes will enable the Fund to achieve its investment objective.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES OF THE MID CAPITALIZATION FUND
----------------------------------------------------------------
The Mid Capitalization Fund's investment objective is to seek growth of
capital by investing primarily in a diversified portfolio of common stocks and
securities convertible into common stocks. Under normal market conditions, the
Mid Capitalization Fund will invest at least 80% of the value of its total
assets in common stocks and securities convertible into common stocks of
companies believed by First of America to be characterized by sound management
and the ability to finance expected long-term growth. In addition, under normal
market conditions, the Mid Capitalization Fund will invest at least 65% of the
value of its total assets in common stocks and securities convertible into
common stocks of companies considered by First of America to have a market
capitalization between $1 and $5 billion. The Mid Capitalization Fund may also
invest up to 20% of the value of its total assets in preferred stocks, corporate
bonds, notes, units of real estate investment trusts, warrants, and short-term
obligations (with maturities of 12 months or less) consisting of commercial
paper (including variable amount master demand notes), bankers' acceptances,
certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements, obligations issued or guaranteed
by the U.S. government or its agencies or
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instrumentalities, and demand and time deposits of domestic and foreign banks
and savings associations. The Mid Capitalization Fund may also hold securities
of other investment companies and depository or custodial receipts representing
beneficial interests in any of the foregoing securities.
Subject to the foregoing policies, the Mid Capitalization Fund may also
invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign securities either directly or
through the purchase of ADRs or EDRs and may also invest in securities issued by
foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks, in CCP and in Europaper. For a
discussion of risks associated with foreign securities, see "RISK FACTORS AND
INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES - Foreign Securities" below.
The Mid Capitalization Fund anticipates investing in growth-oriented,
medium-sized companies. Medium-sized companies are considered to be those with a
market capitalization between $1 and $5 billion. These companies have typically
exhibited consistent, above-average growth in revenues and earnings, strong
management, and sound and improving financial fundamentals. Often, these
companies are market or industry leaders, have excellent products and/or
services, and exhibit the potential for growth. Core holdings of the Mid
Capitalization Fund are in companies that participate in long-term growth
industries, although these will be supplemented by holdings in non-growth
industries that exhibit the desired characteristics.
Consistent with the foregoing, the Mid Capitalization Fund will focus
its investment in those companies and types of companies that First of America
believes will enable the Fund to achieve its investment objective.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES OF THE BOND FUND
--------------------------------------------------
The Bond Fund's investment objective is to seek current income as well
as preservation of capital by investing in a portfolio of high- and medium-grade
fixed-income securities. Under normal market conditions, the Bond Fund will
invest at least 80% of the value of its total assets in bonds, debentures, notes
with remaining maturities at the time of purchase of one year or more,
zero-coupon securities, mortgage-related securities, state, municipal or
industrial revenue bonds, obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government or its agencies or instrumentalities, debt securities convertible
into, or exchangeable for, common stocks, first mortgage loans, and
participation certificates in pools of mortgages issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. The Bond Fund will invest
in state and municipal securities when, in the opinion of First of America,
their yields are competitive with comparable taxable debt obligations. In
addition, up to 20% of the value of the Bond Fund's total assets may be invested
in preferred stocks, notes with remaining maturities at the time of purchase of
less than one year, short-term debt obligations consisting of domestic and
foreign commercial paper (including variable amount master demand notes),
bankers' acceptances, certificates of deposit and time deposits of domestic and
foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks, repurchase agreements,
securities of other investment companies, and guaranteed investment contracts
("GICs") issued by insurance companies, as more fully described below. Some of
the securities in which the Bond Fund invests may have warrants or options
attached.
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The Bond Fund expects to invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury
obligations, differing in their interest rates, maturities, and times of
issuance, as well as "stripped" U.S. Treasury obligations ("Stripped Treasury
Obligations") and other obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government
or its agencies or instrumentalities. See "RISK FACTORS AND INVESTMENT
TECHNIQUES - Government Obligations" below.
The Bond Fund also expects to invest in bonds, notes and debentures of
a wide range of U.S. corporate issuers. Such obligations, in the case of
debentures will represent unsecured promises to pay, and in the case of notes
and bonds, may be secured by mortgages on real property or security interests in
personal property and will in most cases differ in their interest rates,
maturities and times of issuance.
The Bond Fund will invest only in corporate debt securities which are
rated at the time of purchase within the four highest rating groups assigned by
an NRSRO or, if unrated, which First of America deems present attractive
opportunities and are of comparable quality. For a discussion of debt securities
rated within the fourth highest rating group assigned by an NRSRO, see "RISK
FACTORS AND INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES - Medium-Grade Securities" below.
The Bond Fund may invest in obligations of the Export-Import Bank of
the United States, and in Yankee bonds, in Eurodollar bonds, in Canadian bonds
and in Supranational Agency bonds. The Bond Fund may also invest up to 25% of
its net assets in foreign securities either directly or through the purchase of
ADRs and may also invest in securities issued by foreign branches of U.S. banks
and foreign banks, in CCP and in Europaper.
An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of the
investments in the Bond Fund and a decline in interest rates will generally
increase the value of those investments. Depending upon the prevailing market
conditions, First of America may purchase debt securities at a discount from
face value, which produces a yield greater than the coupon rate. Conversely, if
debt securities are purchased at a premium over face value the yield will be
lower than the coupon rate. In making investment decisions for the Bond Fund,
First of America will consider many factors other than current yield, including
the preservation of capital, the potential for realizing capital appreciation,
maturity, and yield to maturity.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL DISCOVERY FUND
---------------------------------------------------------------------
The investment objective of the International Discovery Fund (the
"International Fund") is to seek the long-term growth of capital. Under normal
market conditions, the International Fund will invest at least 65% of its total
assets in an internationally diversified portfolio of equity securities which
trade on markets in countries other than the United States and which are issued
by companies (i) domiciled in countries other than the United States, or (ii)
that derive at least 50% of either their revenues or pre-tax income from
activities outside of the United States, and (iii) which are small- or
medium-sized companies on the basis of their capitalization.
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Equity securities include common and preferred stock, securities (bonds
and preferred stock) convertible into common stock, warrants and securities
representing underlying international securities such as ADRs or EDRs.
For purposes of investment by the International Fund only, companies
are deemed to be small- or medium-sized if, at the time of purchase, they are of
a size which would rank them in the lower half of a major market index in the
applicable country weighted by market capitalization and in the lower half of
all equity securities in listed recognized secondary markets where such markets
exists. In addition, in countries with less well-developed stock markets, where
the range of investment opportunities is more restrictive, the equity securities
of all listed companies will be eligible for investment. In major markets,
issuers could have capitalizations of approximately $10 billion while in smaller
markets issuers would be eligible with capitalizations as low as approximately
$200 million.
The International Fund may invest in securities of issuers in, but not
limited to, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand,
Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Normally,
the International Fund will invest at least 65% of its total assets in
securities traded in at least three foreign countries, including the countries
listed above. It is possible, although not currently anticipated, that up to 35%
of the International Fund's assets could be invested in the securities of U.S.
companies. In addition, the International Fund temporarily may invest in
short-term debt instruments of U.S. and foreign issuers for cash management
purposes or pending investment.
RISK FACTORS AND INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES
Like any investment program, an investment in a Fund entails certain
risks. The Funds will not acquire portfolio securities issued by, make savings
deposits in or enter into repurchase, reverse repurchase or dollar roll
agreements with First of America Bank, N.A. ("FOA," the parent corporation of
First of America), BISYS, or their affiliates, and will not give preference to
FOA's correspondents with respect to transactions, securities, savings deposits,
repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements.
COMPLEX SECURITIES
Some of the investment techniques utilized by First of America and, in
the case of the International Fund, Gulfstream, in the management of each of the
Funds involve complex securities sometimes referred to as "derivatives." Among
such securities are put and call options, foreign currency transactions and
futures contracts, all of which are described below. The Investment Adviser and
Subadviser believe that such complex securities may in some circumstances play a
valuable role in successfully implementing each Fund's investment strategy and
achieving its goals. However, because complex securities and the strategies for
which they are used are by their nature complicated, they present substantial
opportunities for misunderstanding and misuse. To guard against these risks, the
Investment Adviser and
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Subadviser will utilize complex securities primarily for
hedging, not speculative, purposes and only after careful review of the unique
risk factors associated with each such security.
FOREIGN SECURITIES
------------------
The International Fund invests primarily in the securities of foreign
issuers. The Small Capitalization Fund and Mid Capitalization Fund may also
invest in foreign securities as permitted by their respective investment
policies. The Bond Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets in foreign
securities either directly or through the purchase of ADRs and may also invest
in securities issued by foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks, in
Canadian commercial paper, and in Europaper.
Investment in foreign securities is subject to special investment risks
that differ in some respects from those related to investments and securities of
U.S. domestic issuers. Such risks include political, social or economic
instability in the country of the issuer, the difficulty of predicting
international trade patterns, the possibility of the imposition of exchange
controls, expropriation, limits on removal of currency or other assets,
nationalization of assets, foreign withholding and income taxation, and foreign
trading practices (including higher trading commissions, custodial charges and
delayed settlements). Such securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in
price than securities issued by U.S. corporations or issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The markets on which such
securities trade may have less volume and liquidity, and may be more volatile
than securities markets in the United States. In addition, there may be less
publicly available information about a foreign company than about a U.S.
domiciled company. Foreign companies generally are not subject to uniform
accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards comparable to those
applicable to U.S. domestic companies. There is generally less government
regulation of securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies abroad than in
the United States. Confiscatory taxation or diplomatic developments could also
affect investment in those countries. In addition, foreign branches of U.S.
banks, foreign banks and foreign issuers may be subject to less stringent
reserve requirements and to different accounting, auditing, reporting, and
record keeping standards than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S.
banks and U.S. domestic issuers.
In many instances, foreign debt securities may provide higher yields
than securities of domestic issuers which have similar maturities and quality.
Under certain market conditions, these investments may be less liquid than the
securities of U.S. corporations and are certainly less liquid than securities
issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
Finally, in the event of a default of any such foreign debt obligations, it may
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be more difficult for a Fund to obtain or enforce a judgment against the issuers
of such securities. If a security is denominated in foreign currency, the value
of the security to the Fund will be affected by changes in currency exchange
rates and in exchange control regulations, and costs will be incurred in
connection with conversions between currencies. A change in the value of any
foreign currency against a U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in
the U.S. dollar value of a Fund's securities denominated in that currency. Such
changes will also affect a Fund's income and distributions to shareholders. In
addition, although a Fund will receive income on foreign securities in such
currencies, such Fund will be required to compute and distribute its income in
U.S. dollars. Therefore, if the exchange rate for any such currency declines
materially after such Fund's income has been accrued and translated into U.S.
dollars, the Fund could be required to liquidate portfolio securities to make
required distributions. Similarly, if an exchange rate declines between the time
a Fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the
amount of such currency required to be converted into U.S. dollars in order to
pay such expenses in U.S. dollars will be greater.
For many foreign securities, U.S. dollar-denominated ADRs, which are
traded in the United States on exchanges or over-the-counter, are issued by
domestic banks. ADRs represent the right to receive securities of foreign
issuers deposited in a domestic bank or a correspondent bank. ADRs do not
eliminate all of the risk inherent in investing in the securities of foreign
issuers. However, by investing in ADRs rather than directly in foreign issuers'
stock, a Fund can avoid currency risks during the settlement period for either
purchases or sales. In general, there is a large, liquid market in the United
States for many ADRs. The information available for ADRs is subject to the
accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards of the domestic market or
exchange on which they are traded, standards which are more uniform and more
exacting than those to which many foreign issuers may be subject. The
International Fund may also invest in EDRs which are receipts evidencing an
arrangement with a European bank similar to that for ADRs and are designed for
use in the European securities markets. EDRs are not necessarily denominated in
the currency of the underlying security.
Certain of the ADRs and EDRs, typically those categorized as
unsponsored, require the holders to bear most of the costs of such facilities
while issuers of sponsored facilities normally pay more of the costs. The
depository of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to
distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited
securities or to pass through the voting rights to facility holders with respect
to the deposited securities, whereas the depository of a sponsored facility
typically distributes shareholder communications and passes through the voting
rights.
Subject to its applicable investment policies, each of the Funds may
invest in debt securities denominated in the ECU, which is a "basket" unit of
currency consisting of specified amounts of the currencies of certain of the 12
member states of the European Community. The specific amounts of the currencies
comprising the ECU may be adjusted by the Council of Ministers of the European
Community to reflect changes in relative values of the underlying currencies.
Such adjustments may adversely affect holders of ECU-denominated obligations or
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<PAGE> 21
the market stability of such securities. European governments and
supranationals, in particular, issue ECU-denominated obligations.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
-----------------------------
Each of the Funds may utilize foreign currency transactions in its
portfolio. The value of the assets of a Fund, as measured in United States
dollars, may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency
exchange rates and exchange control regulations, and a Fund may incur costs in
connection with conversions between various currencies. A Fund will conduct its
foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at
the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market, or through
forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies. A forward currency
exchange contract ("forward currency contracts") involves an obligation to
purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed
number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a
price set at the time of the contract. These forward currency contracts are
traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and
their customers. The Funds may enter into forward currency contracts in order to
hedge against adverse movements in exchange rates between currencies.
For example, when a Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or
sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may want to establish
the United States dollar cost or proceeds, as the case may be. By entering into
a forward currency contract in United States dollars for the purchase or sale of
the amount of foreign currency involved in an underlying security transaction,
such Fund is able to protect itself against a possible loss between trade and
settlement dates resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between
the United States dollar and such foreign currency. Additionally, for example,
when a Fund believes that a foreign currency may suffer a substantial decline
against the U.S. dollar, it may enter into a forward currency sale contract to
sell an amount of that foreign currency approximating the value of some or all
of that Fund's portfolio securities or other assets denominated in such foreign
currency. Alternatively, when a Fund believes it will increase, it may enter
into a forward currency purchase contract to buy that foreign currency for a
fixed U.S. dollar amount; however, this tends to limit potential gains which
might result from a positive change in such currency relationships. A Fund may
also hedge its foreign currency exchange rate risk by engaging in currency
financial futures and options transactions.
The forecasting of short-term currency market movement is extremely
difficult and whether such a short-term hedging strategy will be successful is
highly uncertain. It is impossible to forecast with precision the market value
of portfolio securities at the expiration of a forward currency contract.
Accordingly, it may be necessary for a Fund to purchase additional currency on
the spot market (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of
the security is less than the amount of foreign currency such Fund is obligated
to deliver when a decision is made to buy the security and make delivery of the
foreign currency in settlement of a forward contract. Conversely, it may be
necessary to sell on the spot market
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some of the foreign currency received upon the sale of the portfolio security if
its market value exceeds the amount of foreign currency such Fund is obligated
to deliver.
If the Fund retains the portfolio security and engages in an offsetting
transaction, such Fund will incur a gain or a loss (as described below) to the
extent that there has been a movement in forward currency contract prices. If
the Fund engages in an offsetting transaction, it may subsequently enter into a
new forward currency contract to sell the foreign currency. If forward prices
decline during the period between which a Fund enters into a forward currency
contract for the sale of foreign currency and the date it enters into an
offsetting contract for the purchase of the foreign currency, such Fund would
realize a gain to the extent the price of the currency it has agreed to sell
exceeds the price of the currency it has agreed to purchase. If forward prices
increase, such Fund would suffer a loss to the extent the price of the currency
it has agreed to purchase exceeds the price of the currency it has agreed to
sell. Although such contracts tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline
in the value of the hedged currency, they also tend to limit any potential gain
which might result if the value of such currency increases. The Funds will have
to convert their holdings of foreign currencies into United States dollars from
time to time. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for
conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (the "spread")
between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies.
The International Fund does not intend to enter into forward currency
contracts if more than 15% of the value of its total assets would be committed
to such contracts on a regular or continuous basis. The International Fund does
not intend to enter into forward currency contracts or to maintain a net
exposure in such contracts where the International Fund would be obligated to
deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of the
International Fund's portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that
currency.
For further information about the characteristics, risks and possible
benefits of options, futures and foreign currency transactions, see "INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES Additional Information on Portfolio Instruments" in the
Statement of Additional Information.
FUTURES CONTRACTS
-----------------
Each of the Funds may also enter into contracts for the future delivery
of securities or foreign currencies and futures contracts based upon a specific
security, class of securities, foreign currency or an index, purchase or sell
options on any futures contracts and engage in related closing transactions. A
futures contract on a securities index is an agreement obligating either party
to pay, and entitling the other party to receive, while the contract is
outstanding, cash payments based on the level of a specified securities index.
A Fund may engage in such futures contracts in an effort to hedge
against market risks. For example, when interest rates are expected to rise or
market values of portfolio securities are expected to fall, a Fund can seek
through the sale of futures contracts to offset a decline in the value of its
portfolio securities. When interest rates are expected to fall or market values
are
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expected to rise, a Fund, through the purchase of such contracts, can
attempt to secure better rates or prices for the Fund than might later be
available in the market when it effects anticipated purchases.
The acquisition of put and call options on futures contracts will,
respectively, give a Fund the right (but not the obligation), for a specified
price, to sell or to purchase the underlying futures contract, upon exercise of
the option, at any time during the option period.
Aggregate initial margin deposits for futures contracts, and premiums
paid for related options, may not exceed 5% of a Fund's total assets, and the
value of securities that are the subject of such futures and options (both for
receipt and delivery) may not exceed one-third of the market value of a Fund's
total assets. Futures transactions will be limited to the extent necessary to
maintain each Fund's qualification as a regulated investment company.
Futures transactions involve brokerage costs and require a Fund to
segregate assets to cover contracts that would require it to purchase securities
or currencies. A Fund may lose the expected benefit of futures transactions if
interest rates, exchange rates or securities prices move in an unanticipated
manner. Such unanticipated changes may also result in poorer overall performance
than if the Fund had not entered into any futures transactions. In addition, the
value of a Fund's futures positions may not prove to be perfectly or even highly
correlated with the value of its portfolio securities or foreign currencies,
limiting the Fund's ability to hedge effectively against interest rate, exchange
rate and/or market risk and giving rise to additional risks. There is no
assurance of liquidity in the secondary market for purposes of closing out
futures positions.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
Subject to the investment parameters described above, all of the Funds
may invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its
agencies or instrumentalities. The types of U.S. government obligations in which
each of these Funds may invest include U.S. Treasury notes, bills, bonds, and
any other securities directly issued by the U.S. government for public
investment, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of
issuance. Stripped Treasury Obligations are also permissible investments.
Stripped securities are issued at a discount to their "face value" and may
exhibit greater price volatility than ordinary debt securities because of the
manner in which their principal and interest are returned to investors. The
Stripped Treasury Obligations in which the Prime Obligations Fund may invest do
not include certificates of accrual on Treasury securities ("CATS") or Treasury
income growth receipts ("TIGRs").
Obligations of certain agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S.
government, such as the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), are
supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as
those of Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), are supported by the
right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the
Student Loan Marketing Association ("SLMA"), are supported by the discretionary
authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency's obligations; still
others,
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such as those of the Federal Farm Credit Banks or the Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), are supported only by the credit of the
instrumentality. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would
provide financial support to U.S. government-sponsored agencies or
instrumentalities, such as FNMA, SLMA, or the FHLMC, since it is not obligated
to do so by law. These agencies or instrumentalities are supported by the
issuer's right to borrow specific amounts from the U.S. Treasury, the
discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations
from such agencies or instrumentalities, or the credit of the agency or
instrumentality. The Funds which may invest in these government obligations
will invest in the obligations of such agencies or instrumentalities only when
First of America believes that the credit risk with respect thereto is minimal.
GUARANTEED INVESTMENT CONTRACTS ("GICS")
----------------------------------------
The Bond Fund may invest in GICs. When investing in GICs, the Bond Fund
makes cash contributions to a deposit fund of an insurance company's general
account. The insurance company then credits guaranteed interest to the deposit
Fund on a monthly basis. The GICs provide that this guaranteed interest will not
be less than a certain minimum rate. The insurance company may assess periodic
charges against a GIC for expenses and service costs allocable to it, and the
charges will be deducted from the value of the deposit fund. The Bond Fund may
invest in GICs of insurance companies without regard to the ratings, if any,
assigned to such insurance companies' outstanding debt securities. Because a
Fund may not receive the principal amount of a GIC from the insurance company on
7 days' notice or less, the GIC is considered an illiquid investment. For the
Bond Fund, no more than 15% of its total assets will be invested in instruments
which are considered to be illiquid. In determining average portfolio maturity,
GICs will be deemed to have a maturity equal to the period of time remaining
until the next readjustment of the guaranteed interest rate.
MEDIUM-GRADE SECURITIES
-----------------------
The Bond Fund may invest in fixed-income securities rated within the
fourth highest rating group assigned by an NRSRO (i.e., BBB or Baa by S&P and
Moody's, respectively) and comparable unrated securities as determined by the
Investment Adviser. These types of fixed-income securities are considered by the
NRSROs to have some speculative characteristics, and are more vulnerable to
changes and economic conditions, higher interest rates or adverse
issuer-specific developments which are more likely to lead to weaker capacity
to make principal and interest payments than comparable higher rated debt
securities.
Should subsequent events cause the rating of a fixed-income security
purchased by the Bond Fund to fall below the fourth highest rating category,
First of America will consider such an event in determining whether the Bond
Fund should continue to hold that security. In no
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event, however, would the Bond Fund be required to liquidate any such portfolio
security where the Bond Fund would suffer a loss on the sale of such security.
MORTGAGE-RELATED SECURITIES
---------------------------
Each of the Funds, except the International Fund, may invest in
mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its
agencies or instrumentalities. Such agencies or instrumentalities include the
GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC. The Bond Fund may also invest in mortgage-related
securities issued by non-governmental entities which are rated, at the time of
purchase, within the three highest bond rating groups assigned by an NRSRO or,
if unrated, which First of America deems to present attractive opportunities and
are of comparable quality.
The mortgage-related securities in which these Funds may invest have
mortgage obligations backing such securities, consisting of conventional 30-year
fixed-rate mortgage obligations, graduated payment mortgage obligations, 15-year
mortgage obligations and/or adjustable-rate mortgage obligations. All of these
mortgage obligations can be used to create pass-through securities when they are
pooled together and undivided interests in the pool or pools are sold. The cash
flow from the mortgage obligations is passed through to the holders of the
securities in the form of periodic payments of interest, principal and
prepayments (net of a service fee). Prepayments occur when the holder of an
individual mortgage obligation prepays the remaining principal before the
mortgage obligation's scheduled maturity date. As a result of the pass-through
of prepayments of principal on the underlying securities, mortgage-backed
securities are often subject to more rapid prepayment of principal than their
stated maturities would indicate. Because the prepayment characteristics of the
underlying mortgage obligations vary, it is not possible to predict accurately
the realized yield or average life of a particular issue of pass-through
certificates. Prepayment rates are important because of their effect on the
yield and price of the securities. Accelerated prepayments have an adverse
impact on yields for pass-throughs purchased at a premium (i.e., a price in
excess of principal amount) and may involve additional risk of loss of principal
because the premium may not have been fully amortized at the time the obligation
is prepaid. The opposite is true for pass-throughs purchased at a discount. The
Funds may purchase mortgage-related securities at a premium or at a discount.
If a Fund purchases a mortgage-related security at a premium, that
portion may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security,
whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments in the
underlying mortgage collateral. As with other interest-bearing securities, the
prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates.
However, though the value of a mortgage-related security may decline when
interest rates rise, the converse is not necessarily true, since in periods of
declining interest rates the mortgages underlying the securities are prone to
prepayment, thereby shortening the average life of the security and shortening
the period of time over which income at the higher rate is received. When
interest rates are rising, though, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease,
thereby lengthening the period of time over which income at the lower rate is
received. For these and other reasons, a mortgage-related security's average
maturity may be shortened or lengthened as a result of interest rate
fluctuations and, therefore, it is not possible to predict accurately the
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securities' return to a Fund. In addition, regular payments received with
respect to mortgage-related securities include both interest and principal. No
assurance can be given as to the return a Fund will receive when these amounts
are reinvested.
The principal governmental (i.e., backed by the full faith and credit
of the United States government) guarantor of mortgage-related securities is
GNMA. GNMA is a wholly-owned United States government corporation within the
Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee,
with the full faith and credit of the United States government, the timely
payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved
by GNMA (such as savings associations, commercial banks and mortgage bankers)
and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration
or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration.
Government-related (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of
the United States government) guarantors include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a
government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders.
Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of
principal and interest by FNMA, but are not backed by the full faith and credit
of the United States government. FHLMC is a corporate instrumentality of the
United States government whose stock is owned by the Federal Home Loan Banks.
Participation certificates issued by FHLMC are guaranteed as to the timely
payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but are not backed by
the full faith and credit of the United States government.
Mortgage-related securities in which the above-named Funds may invest
may also include collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"). CMOs are debt
obligations issued generally by finance subsidiaries or trusts that are secured
by mortgage-backed certificates, including, in many cases, certificates issued
by government-related guarantors, including GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC, together with
certain funds and other collateral. Although payment of the principal of and
interest on the mortgage-backed certificates pledged to secure the CMOs may be
guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC, the CMOs represent obligations solely of the
issuer and are not insured or guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC, FNMA or any other
governmental agency, or by any other person or entity. The issuers of the CMOs
typically have no significant assets other than those pledged as collateral for
the obligations.
MUNICIPAL SECURITIES
--------------------
The two principal classifications of municipal securities which may be
held by the Bond Fund are "general obligation" securities and "revenue"
securities. General obligation securities are secured by the issuer's pledge of
its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and
interest. Revenue securities are payable only from the revenues derived from a
particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds
of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source such as the user of the
facility being financed.
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The Bond Fund may also invest in "moral obligation" securities, which
are normally issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of
moral obligation securities is unable to meet its debt service obligations from
current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund, the restoration of which is a
moral commitment, but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality which
created the issuer.
The Bond Fund invests primarily in municipal securities which are rated
at the time of purchase within the four highest rating groups assigned by an
NRSRO or in the highest rating group assigned by an NRSRO in the case of notes,
tax-exempt commercial paper or variable rate demand obligations. The Fund may
also purchase municipal securities which are unrated at the time of purchase but
are determined to be of comparable quality by First of America pursuant to
guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The applicable municipal
securities ratings are described in the Appendix to the Statement of Additional
Information. For a discussion of debt securities rated within the fourth highest
rating group assigned by an NRSRO, see "RISK FACTORS AND INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES -
Medium-Grade Securities" above.
Opinions relating to the validity of municipal securities and the
exemption of interest thereon from federal income tax are rendered by bond
counsel to the respective issuers at the time of issuance. Neither the Bond Fund
nor First of America will review the proceedings relating to the issuance of
Municipal Securities or the basis for such opinions.
OTHER MUTUAL FUNDS
------------------
Each of the Funds may invest up to 5% of the value of its total assets
in the securities of any one money market mutual fund (including, if permitted
by rule or order of the Securities and Exchange Commission, shares of a
Parkstone affiliated money market funds), provided that no more than 10% of a
Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities of mutual funds in the
aggregate. In order to avoid the imposition of additional fees as a result of
investments by a Fund in shares of a Parkstone affiliated money market fund, the
Investment Adviser, Administrator and their affiliates (See "MANAGEMENT OF THE
TRUST - Investment Adviser and Subadviser" and "Administrator, Sub-Administrator
and Distributor" and "GENERAL INFORMATION - Transfer Agent and Fund Accounting
Services") will charge their fees to one of the Trust's Funds, rather than the
affiliated money market fund. Each Fund will incur additional expenses due to
the duplication of expenses as a result of investing in securities of other
unaffiliated mutual funds. Additional restrictions regarding the Funds'
investments in securities of affiliated or unaffiliated mutual funds are
contained in the Statement of Additional Information.
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<PAGE> 28
PUT AND CALL OPTIONS
--------------------
Each of the Funds may purchase put and call options on securities and
foreign currencies, subject to its applicable investment policies, for the
purposes of hedging against market risks related to its portfolio securities and
adverse movements in exchange rates between currencies, respectively. Purchasing
options is a specialized investment technique that entails a substantial risk of
complete loss of the amounts paid as premiums to writers of options. Each of the
Funds may also engage in writing call options from time to time as First of
America or Gulfstream, as the case may be with respect to the International
Fund, deem appropriate. The Funds will write only covered call options (options
on securities or currencies owned by the particular Fund). In order to close out
a call option it has written, the Fund will enter into a "closing purchase
transaction" (the purchase of a call option on the same security or currency
with the same exercise price and expiration date as the call option which such
Fund previously has written). When a portfolio security or currency subject to a
call option is sold, the Fund will effect a closing purchase transaction to
close out any existing call option on that security or currency. If such Fund is
unable to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to sell the
underlying security or currency until the option expires or that Fund delivers
the underlying security or currency upon exercise. In addition, upon the
exercise of a call option by the option holder, the Fund will forego the
potential benefit represented by market depreciation over the exercise price.
Under normal market conditions, it is not expected that the Funds will cause the
underlying value of portfolio securities and currencies subject to such options
to exceed 50% of its net assets, and with respect to the International Fund, 20%
of its net assets.
Each of the Small Capitalization Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund and
International Fund, as part of its options transactions, also may purchase index
put and call options and write index options. As with options on individual
securities, a Fund will write only covered index call options. Through the
writing or purchase of index options a Fund can achieve many of the same
objectives as through the use of options on individual securities. Options on
securities indices are similar to options on a security except that, rather than
the right to take or make delivery of a security at a specified price, an option
on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of
the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the securities index upon
which the option is based is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than,
in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option.
Price movements in securities which a Fund owns or intends to purchase
probably will not correlate perfectly with movements in the level of an index
and, therefore, a Fund bears the risk of a loss on an index option that is not
completely offset by movements in the price of such securities. Because index
options are settled in cash, a call writer cannot determine the amount of its
settlement obligations in advance and, unlike call writing on specific
securities, cannot provide an advance for, or cover, its potential settlement
obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying securities. A Fund may be
required to segregate assets or provide an initial margin to cover index options
that would require it to pay cash upon exercise.
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REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
---------------------
Securities held by a Fund may be subject to repurchase agreements.
Under the terms of a repurchase agreement, a Fund acquires securities from a
financial institution such as a member bank of the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or a registered broker-dealer which First of America or Gulfstream,
as the case may be, deems creditworthy under guidelines approved by the Trust's
Board of Trustees, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase such
securities at a mutually agreed upon date and price. The repurchase price
generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus interest negotiated on the
basis of current short-term rates, which may be more or less than the rate on
the underlying portfolio securities. Securities subject to repurchase agreements
will be held in a segregated account. If the seller were to default on its
repurchase obligation or become insolvent, the Fund would suffer a loss to the
extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying portfolio securities were
less than the repurchase price under the agreement, or to the extent that the
disposition of such securities by the Fund were delayed pending court action.
Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans by an investment company under
the 1940 Act. For further information about repurchase agreements, see
"INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES - Additional Information on Portfolio
Instruments-Repurchase Agreements" in the Statement of Additional Information.
RESTRICTED SECURITIES
---------------------
Securities in which the Funds may invest include securities issued by
corporations without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the "1933 Act"), in reliance on the exemption from such registration afforded
by Section 3(a)(3) thereof, and securities issued in reliance on the so-called
"private placement" exemption from registration which is afforded by Section
4(2) of the 1933 Act ("Section 4(2) securities"). Section 4(2) securities are
restricted as to disposition under the federal securities laws, and generally
are sold to institutional investors, such as the Funds, who agree that they are
purchasing the securities for investment and not with a view to public
distribution. Any resale must also generally be made in an exempt transaction.
Section 4(2) securities are normally resold to other institutional investors
through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers who make a
market in such Section 4(2) securities, thus providing liquidity. Pursuant to
the procedures adopted by the Trust's Board of Trustees, First of America may
determine Section 4(2) securities to be liquid if such securities are eligible
for resale under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and are readily saleable.
Subject to the limitations described above, the Funds may acquire
investments that are illiquid or of limited liquidity, such as private
placements or investments that are not registered under the 1933 Act. An
illiquid investment is any investment that cannot be disposed of within
seven days in the normal course of business at approximately the amount at which
it is valued by a Fund. The price a Fund pays for illiquid securities or
receives upon resale may be lower than the price paid or received for similar
securities with a more liquid market. Accordingly, the valuation of these
securities will reflect any limitations on their liquidity. A Fund may not
invest in additional illiquid securities if, as a result, more than 15% of the
market value of its
27
<PAGE> 30
net assets would be invested in illiquid securities.
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND DOLLAR ROLL AGREEMENTS
--------------------------------------------------------
Each of the Funds may borrow money by entering into reverse repurchase
agreements, and in the case of the Bond Fund, dollar roll agreements, in
accordance with the investment restrictions described below. Pursuant to reverse
repurchase agreements, a Fund would sell certain of its securities to financial
institutions such as banks and broker-dealers, and agree to repurchase the
securities at a mutually agreed upon date and price. Dollar roll agreements
utilized by the Bond Fund are identical to reverse repurchase agreements except
for the fact that substantially similar securities may be repurchased. At the
time a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase or dollar roll agreement, it will
place in a segregated custodial account assets such as U.S. government
securities or other liquid high grade debt securities consistent with its
investment restrictions having a value equal to the repurchase price (including
accrued interest), and will subsequently continually monitor the account to
insure that such equivalent value is maintained at all times. Reverse repurchase
and dollar roll agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities
sold by a Fund may decline below the price at which it is obligated to
repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase and dollar roll agreements are
considered to be borrowings by an investment company under the 1940 Act and,
therefore, a form of leverage. A Fund may experience a negative impact on its
net asset value if interest rates rise during the term of a reverse repurchase
agreement or dollar roll agreement. A Fund generally will invest the proceeds of
such borrowings only when such borrowings will enhance a Fund's liquidity or
when the Fund reasonably expects that the interest income to be earned from the
investment of the proceeds is greater than the interest expense of the
transaction. For further information about reverse repurchase and dollar roll
agreements, see "INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES - Additional Information on
Portfolio Instruments-Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements"
in the Statement of Additional Information.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED-DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS
---------------------------------------------
Each of the Funds may purchase securities on a when-issued or
delayed-delivery basis. The Funds will engage in when-issued and
delayed-delivery transactions only for the purpose of acquiring portfolio
securities consistent with its investment objective and policies, not for
investment leverage although such transactions represent a form of leveraging.
When-issued securities are securities purchased for delivery beyond the normal
settlement date at a stated price and yield and thereby involve risk that the
yield obtained in the transaction will be less than those available in the
market when the delivery takes place. A Fund will not pay for such securities or
start earning interest on them until they are received. When a Fund agrees to
purchase such securities, its custodian will set aside cash or liquid securities
equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Securities
purchased on a when-issued basis are recorded as an asset and are subject to
changes in the value based upon changes in the general level of interest rates.
In when-issued and delayed-delivery transactions, a Fund relies on the seller to
complete the transaction; the seller's failure to do so may cause such Fund to
miss a price or yield considered to be advantageous.
28
<PAGE> 31
No Fund's commitment to purchase "when-issued" securities will exceed
25% of the value of its total assets under normal market conditions, and a
commitment by a Fund to purchase "when-issued" securities will not exceed 60
days. In the event that its commitments to purchase when-issued securities ever
exceeded 25% of the value of its assets, a Fund's liquidity and the ability of
First of America or Gulfstream, as the case may be, to manage it might be
adversely affected. The Funds intend only to purchase "when-issued" securities
for the purpose of acquiring portfolio securities, not for investment leverage
although such transactions represent a form of leveraging.
LENDING PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
----------------------------
In order to generate additional income, each of the Funds may, from
time to time, lend its portfolio securities to broker-dealers, banks, or
institutional borrowers of securities. A Fund must receive 100% collateral in
the form of cash or U.S. government securities. This collateral will be valued
daily by First of America or by the Subadviser, as the case may be. Should the
market value of the loan securities increase, the borrower must furnish
additional collateral to that Fund. During the time portfolio securities are on
loan, the borrower pays that Fund any dividends or interest paid on such
securities. Loans are subject to termination by the Fund or the borrower at any
time. While a Fund does not have the right to vote securities on loan, each Fund
intends to terminate the loan and regain the right to vote if that is considered
important with respect to the investment. In the event the borrower defaults in
its obligation to a Fund, such Fund bears the risk of delay in the recovery of
its portfolio securities and the risk of rights in the collateral. The Funds
will enter into loan agreements only with broker-dealers, banks, or other
institutions that First of America or the Subadviser, as the case may be, has
determined are creditworthy under guidelines established by the Trust's Board of
Trustees.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
------------------
The portfolio turnover rate for each Fund is calculated by dividing the
lesser of a Fund's purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the year by
the monthly average value of the portfolio securities. The SEC requires that the
calculation exclude all securities whose remaining maturities at the time of
acquisition are one year or less. For portfolio turnover rates for each of the
other Funds, see "FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS" above.
The portfolio turnover rate for a Fund may vary greatly from year to
year, as well as within a particular year, and may also be affected by cash
requirements for redemption of shares. High portfolio turnover rates will
generally result in higher transaction costs, including brokerage commissions,
to a Fund and may result in additional tax consequences to a Fund's
shareholders. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor in making
investment decisions.
29
<PAGE> 32
YEAR 2000 RISK
--------------
Like other mutual funds, and financial and business organizations
around the world, each of the Funds could be adversely affected if the computer
systems used by First of America, other service providers and entities with
computer systems that are linked to Fund records do not properly process and
calculate date-related information and data from and after January 1, 2000. This
is commonly known as "Year 2000 Risk." First of America is taking steps that it
believes are reasonably designed to address Year 2000 Risk with respect to the
computer systems that it uses and to obtain satisfactory assurance that
comparable steps are being taken by each of the Fund's other major service
providers. There can be no assurance, however, that these steps will be
sufficient to avoid any adverse impact on the Funds.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Each Fund is subject to a number of investment restrictions that may be
changed only by a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of that Fund (as
defined in the Statement of Additional Information).
No Fund may:
1. Purchase securities of any one issuer, other than obligations issued
or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, if,
immediately after such purchase, more than 5% of the value of the Fund's total
assets would be invested in such issuer, or the Fund would hold more than 10% of
the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, except that 25% or less of the
value of such Fund's total assets may be invested without regard to such
limitations. There is no limit on the percentage of assets that may be invested
in U.S. Treasury bills, notes, or other obligations issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
2. Purchase any securities which would cause more than 25% of the value
of the Fund's total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in securities
of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the
same industry, provided that (a) there is no limitation with respect to
obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or
instrumentalities and repurchase agreements secured by obligations of the U.S.
government or its agencies or instrumentalities; (b) wholly-owned finance
companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their
activities are primarily related to financing the activities of their parents;
and (c) utilities will be divided according to their services. For example, gas,
gas transmission, electric and gas, electric, and telephone will each be
considered a separate industry.
30
<PAGE> 33
3. (a) Borrow money (not including reverse repurchase agreements or
dollar roll agreements), except that each Fund may borrow from banks for
temporary or emergency purposes and then only in amounts up to 30% of its total
assets at the time of borrowing (and provided that such bank borrowings and
reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements do not exceed in the
aggregate one-third of the Fund's total assets less liabilities other than the
obligations represented by the bank borrowings, reverse repurchase agreements
and dollar roll agreements), or mortgage, pledge or hypothecate any assets
except in connection with a bank borrowing in amounts not to exceed 30% of the
Fund's net assets at the time of borrowing; (b) enter into reverse repurchase
agreements and other permitted borrowings in amounts exceeding in the aggregate
one-third of the Fund's total assets less liabilities other than the obligations
represented by such reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements;
and (c) issue senior securities except as permitted by the 1940 Act or any rule,
order or interpretation thereunder.
4. Make loans, except that a Fund may purchase or hold debt instruments
and lend portfolio securities in accordance with its investment objective and
policies, and may enter into repurchase agreements.
For purposes only of investment limitation number two above only, such
limitation shall not apply to municipal securities or governmental guarantees of
municipal securities. Industrial development bonds or private activity bonds
that are backed only by the assets and revenues of a nongovernmental user shall
not be deemed to be municipal securities.
The following additional investment restriction may be changed without
the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of a Fund.
No Fund may:
1. Purchase or otherwise acquire any securities, if as a result, more
than 15% of the Fund's net assets would be invested in securities that are
illiquid.
In addition to the above investment restrictions, the Funds are subject
to certain other investment restrictions set forth under "INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES
AND POLICIES Investment Restrictions" in the Statement of Additional
Information.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The business and affairs of the Trust are managed under the direction
of the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Trust will be managed by the Trustees in
accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts governing business
trusts. There are currently six Trustees, three of whom are not "interested
persons" of the Trust within the meaning of that term under the 1940 Act. The
Trustees, in turn, elect the officers of the Trust to supervise actively its day
to day operations.
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<PAGE> 34
The names, addresses and principal occupations during the past five
years of the Trustees are set forth in the Statement of Additional Information.
The Trustees of the Trust receive quarterly fees and fees and expenses for each
meeting of the Board of Trustees attended. However, no officer or employee of
BISYS, BISYS Ohio or National City Corporation ("National City," the successor
to First of America Bank Corporation) receives any compensation from the Trust
for acting as a Trustee of the Trust. The officers of the Trust receive no
compensation directly from the Trust for performing the duties of their offices.
BISYS receives fees from the Trust for acting as Administrator. BISYS Ohio, an
affiliate of BISYS, receives fees from the Trust for acting as Transfer Agent
and for providing certain fund accounting services.
INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUBADVISER
---------------------------------
First of America, 303 North Rose Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, was
established in 1932 and is the investment adviser of the Trust. First of
America, a registered investment adviser, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of First
of America Bank, N.A. ("FOA"), which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of National
City. As of December 31, 1997, First of America managed over $16 billion on
behalf of both taxable and tax-exempt clients, including pensions, endowments,
corporations and individual portfolios. As of December 31, 1997, National City
had over $55 billion in assets. As a result of the merger with First of
America Bank Corporation, as of April 1, 1998, National City had assets of over
$79 billion.
Subject to such policies as the Trust's Board of Trustees may
determine, First of America, either directly or, with respect to the
International Fund, through Gulfstream, furnishes a continuous investment
program for each Fund and makes investment decisions on behalf of each Fund.
First of America utilizes a team approach to the investment management
of the Funds, with up to three professionals working as a team to ensure a
disciplined investment process designed to result in long-term performance
consistent with each Fund's investment objectives. As of the date of this
Prospectus, William L. Newberry, Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager, will
assume primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Mid
Capitalization Fund and the Small Capitalization Fund, replacing the retiring
Roger H. Stamper. Mark R. Kummerer, Managing Director-Fixed Income of First of
America, is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Bond
Fund. Messrs. Kummerer and Newberry have held their respective positions with
First of America since 1986 and 1994, respectively. Mr. Newberry was previously
a Client Services Representative for First of America.
For the services provided and expenses assumed pursuant to its
Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, First of America receives a fee
from each of the Small Capitalization Fund and Mid Capitalization Fund, computed
daily and paid monthly, at the annual rate of 1.00% of that Fund's average daily
net assets. For the services in connection with the
32
<PAGE> 35
International Fund, First of America's fee is computed daily and paid monthly,
at the annual rate of 1.25% of the first $50 million of the International Fund's
average daily net assets, 1.20% of average daily net assets between $50 million
and $100 million, 1.15% of average daily net assets between $100 million and
$400 million and 1.05% of average daily net assets above $400 million. For its
services in connection with the Bond Fund, First of America's fee is computed
daily and paid monthly, at the annual rate of 0.74% of that Fund's average daily
net assets. First of America may periodically voluntarily reduce all or a
portion of its advisory fee with respect to a Fund to increase the net income of
that Fund available for distribution as dividends. The voluntary fee reduction
will cause the yield of that Fund to be higher than it would otherwise be in the
absence of such a reduction.
Pursuant to the terms of its Investment Advisory Agreement with the
Trust, First of America has entered into a Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement
with Gulfstream, 100 Crescent Court, Suite 550, Dallas, Texas 75201. Pursuant to
the terms of such Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement, Gulfstream has been
retained by First of America to manage the investment and reinvestment of the
assets of the International Fund, subject to the direction and control of the
Trust's Board of Trustees.
Under this arrangement, Gulfstream is responsible for day-to-day
management of the International Fund's assets, reviewing investment performance
policies and guidelines and maintaining certain books and records, and First of
America is responsible for selecting and monitoring the performance of
Gulfstream and for reporting the activities of Gulfstream in managing the
International Fund to the Trust's Board of Trustees. First of America may also
render advice with respect to the International Fund's investments in the United
States. Gulfstream utilizes a team approach to the investment management of the
International Fund to ensure a disciplined investment process designed to result
in long-term performance consistent with its investment objective. No one person
is responsible for the Fund's management.
For its services provided and expenses assumed pursuant to its
Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement with First of America, Gulfstream receives
from First of America a fee, computed daily and paid monthly, at the annual rate
of 0.50% of the first $50 million of the International Fund's average daily net
assets which are invested in foreign securities, 0.45% of such average daily net
assets between $50 million and $100 million, 0.40% of such average daily net
assets between $100 million and $400 million and 0.30% of such average daily net
assets above $400 million, provided the minimum annual fee shall be $75,000.
33
<PAGE> 36
Gulfstream was organized in 1991 as a Texas limited partnership by
Tull, Doud, Marsh & Triltsch, Inc., a Texas corporation ("TDMT"). TDMT is the
sole general partner of Gulfstream. TDMT is owned by C. Thomas Tull, Stephen C.
Doud, James P. Marsh and Reiner M. Triltsch. Messrs. Tull, Doud and Triltsch are
the portfolio managers and Mr. Marsh is responsible for client services with
Gulfstream. First of America is the sole limited partner of Gulfstream, holding
a 72% interest. As of December 31, 1997, Gulfstream had over $808 million in
international assets of institutional, investment company, governmental, pension
fund and high net worth individual clients under its investment management.
Gulfstream's portfolio management personnel average over 20 years of investment
experience and 10 years of international investment experience.
Under Gulfstream's partnership agreement, First of America possesses
veto authority over the general budgetary affairs of Gulfstream. Because of its
current 72% ownership interest, First of America may or may not be deemed to
control Gulfstream for purposes of the 1940 Act.
For further information regarding the relationship between Gulfstream
and First of America, see "MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST - Investment Adviser" in the
Statement of Additional Information.
AUTHORITY TO ACT AS INVESTMENT ADVISER
--------------------------------------
Banking laws and regulations currently prohibit a bank holding company
registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or any bank
or non-bank affiliate thereof from sponsoring, organizing, controlling or
distributing the shares of a registered, open-end investment company
continuously engaged in the issuance of its shares, and prohibits banks
generally from issuing, underwriting, selling, or distributing securities such
as shares of the Funds, but do not prohibit such a bank holding company or its
affiliates or banks generally from acting as investment adviser, transfer agent,
or custodian to such an investment company or from purchasing shares of such a
company as agent for and upon the order of customers. The investment adviser and
custodians are subject to such banking laws and regulations. Should legislative,
judicial, or administrative action prohibit or restrict the activities of such
companies in connection with their services to the Funds, the Trust might be
required to alter materially or discontinue its arrangements with such companies
and change its method of operation. It is anticipated, however, that any
resulting change in the Trust's method of operation would not affect a Fund's
net asset value per share or result in financial losses to any shareholder.
State securities laws on this issue may differ from federal law and banks and
financial institutions may be required to register as dealers pursuant to state
law.
ADMINISTRATOR
-------------
BISYS, 3435 Stelzer Road, Columbus, Ohio 43219 serves as administrator
to the Trust (the "Administrator").
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<PAGE> 37
The Administrator generally assists the Funds in their administration
and operation. For the services provided to the Funds, the Administrator is
entitled to receive administration fees, computed daily and paid monthly, at the
annual rate of 0.20% of the combined average daily net assets of the Funds up to
$1 billion. In the event that the combined average daily net assets of the Funds
exceed $1 billion, the parties intend to review the level of compensation
payable to the Administrator for its administrative services. In addition, the
Administrator also receives a separate annual fee from each Fund for certain
Fund accounting services. From time to time, the Administrator may waive all or
a portion of the administration fee payable to it by the Funds, either
voluntarily or pursuant to applicable statutory expense limitations.
DISTRIBUTOR
-----------
Shares of each Fund are sold on a continuous basis by the Trust's
distributor. BISYS also serves as the Trust's distributor (the "Distributor").
TRANSFER AGENT AND FUND ACCOUNTANT
----------------------------------
BISYS (formerly BISYS Fund Services Ohio, Inc.) also serves as the
transfer agent for all Funds of the Trust (the "Transfer Agent"). In addition to
serving as transfer agent, the Transfer Agent also provides certain fund
accounting services to the Trust. The Transfer Agent receives an annual fee for
its transfer agency services equal to $15,000 per Fund. The Transfer Agent also
receives an annual fee for its fund accounting services equal to $10,000 per
Fund. Each of the Small Capitalization Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund and Bond
Fund pays an additional annual fee of 0.022% of its average daily net assets and
the International Fund pays an additional annual fee of 0.035% of its average
daily net assets.
CUSTODIAN
---------
Union Bank, 475 Sansome Street, San Francisco, California 94111, serves
as custodian of the Funds' assets. Services performed by Union Bank for the
Funds are described in the Statement of Additional Information.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND ITS SHARES
The Trust was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on May 18,
1993. The Trust is a series fund currently authorized to issue its shares in the
following four series: Small Capitalization Fund; Mid Capitalization Fund; Bond
Fund; and
35
<PAGE> 38
International Fund. Each share of the Trust has no par value, represents an
equal proportionate interest in the related Fund with other shares of the same
class, and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income
earned on the assets belonging to such Fund as are declared in the discretion of
the Board of Trustees. The Trust's Declaration of Trust authorizes the Board of
Trustees to classify or reclassify any class or series of shares into one or
more classes or series of shares.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held, and a
proportionate fractional vote for each fractional share held, and will vote in
the aggregate and not by Fund, except as otherwise expressly required by law or
when the Board of Trustees determines that the matter to be voted on affects
only the interests of shareholders of a particular Fund. The rights accompanying
Fund shares are legally vested in the separate accounts. However, holders of
variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies funded through
the separate accounts generally have the right to instruct separate accounts as
to voting Fund shares on all matters to be voted on by Fund shareholders. Voting
rights of the participants of the separate accounts are more fully set forth in
the prospectus relating to those accounts issued by the Participating Insurance
Companies.
The Trust is not required under Massachusetts law to hold annual
shareholder meetings and intends to do so only if required by the 1940 Act.
Shareholders have the right to remove trustees.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES
Investors may not purchase or redeem shares of the Funds directly, but
only through the variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies
offered through the separate accounts of Participating Insurance Companies. You
should refer to the prospectus of the Participating Insurance Company's separate
account for information on how to purchase a variable annuity contract or
variable life insurance policy, how to select specific Funds of the Trust as
investment options for your contract or policy and how to redeem monies from the
Trust.
The Separate Accounts of the Participating Insurance Companies place
orders to purchase and redeem shares of the Funds, based on, among other things,
the amount of premium payments to be invested and the amount of surrender and
transfer requests (as defined in the Prospectus describing the variable annuity
contracts and variable life insurance policies issued by the Insurance
Companies) to be effected on that day pursuant to variable annuity contracts and
variable life insurance policies. Orders received by the Trust are effected on
days on which the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open for trading. Orders
for the purchase and redemption of shares of a Fund received before the NYSE
closes are effected at the net asset value per share determined as of the close
of trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) that day. Orders
received after the NYSE closes are effected at the next calculated net asset
value. Payment for redemptions will be made by the Funds within 7 days after the
request is received. The Trust may suspend the right of redemption under certain
extraordinary circumstances in accordance with the rules of the SEC.
36
<PAGE> 39
The Funds do not assess any fees, either when they sell or redeem their
shares. Withdrawal charges, mortality and expense risk fees and other charges
may be assessed by Participating Insurance Companies under the variable annuity
contracts or variable life insurance policies. These fees are described in the
Participating Insurance Companies' prospectuses.
As of the date of this Prospectus, Security Benefit Life Insurance
Company is the only Participating Insurance Company. Shares of the Funds may
however, pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC, be sold to and held by
separate accounts that fund variable annuity and variable life insurance
contracts issued by both affiliated and unaffiliated Participating Insurance
Companies. The Trust currently does not foresee any disadvantages to the holders
of variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies of affiliated
and unaffiliated Participating Insurance Companies arising from the fact that
interests of the holders of variable annuity contracts and variable life
insurance policies may differ due to differences of tax treatment or other
considerations or due to conflicts between the affiliated or unaffiliated
Participating Insurance Companies. Nevertheless, the Trustees will monitor
events to seek to identify any material irreconcilable conflicts which may
possibly arise and to determine what action, if any, should be taken in response
to such conflicts. Should a material unreconcilable conflict arise between the
holders of variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies of
affiliated or unaffiliated Participating Insurance Companies, the Participating
Insurance Companies may be required to withdraw the assets allocable to some or
all of the Separate Accounts from the Funds. Any such withdrawal could disrupt
orderly portfolio management to the potential detriment of such holders (see
"MISCELLANEOUS" below for more details). The variable annuity contracts and
variable life insurance policies are described in the separate prospectuses
issued by the Participating Insurance Companies. The Trust assumes no
responsibility for such prospectuses.
FEES AND EXPENSES
While the advisory fees paid by the Trust are higher than the advisory
fees paid by most mutual funds, the Board of Trustees believes them to be
comparable to advisory fees paid by many funds having similar objectives and
policies. First of America may periodically voluntarily reduce all or a portion
of its advisory fee with respect to a Fund to increase the net income of that
Fund available for distribution as dividends. The voluntary fee reduction will
cause the return of that Fund to be higher than it would otherwise be in the
absence of such reduction.
37
<PAGE> 40
ANNUAL FUND EXPENSES AFTER EXPENSE LIMITATION
(as a percentage of average daily net assets)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Small Mid International
Capitalization Capitalization Bond Discovery
Fund Fund Fund Fund
---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Management Fees............................. 1.00% 1.00% 0.74% 1.25%
Administration Fees......................... 0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 0.20%
Other Expenses After Voluntary Fee
Reduction*.................................. 0.35% 0.33% 0.42% 0.45%
----- ----- ----- -----
Total Fund Operating Expenses............. 1.55% 1.53% 1.36% 1.90%
===== ===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
* Currently, no fees are being voluntarily waived.
The above expenses as shown for the Funds are based on estimated
expenses for the current fiscal year. The expenses which are borne by the Funds,
including Other Expenses to which reference is made in the above table, are
discussed below. The contracts and separate accounts of the Participating
Insurance Companies also incur fees and expenses. Investors should consult the
prospectus issued by the Participating Insurance Company describing the variable
annuity contract or variable life insurance policy for more information on such
additional fees and expenses.
Except as noted elsewhere in this Prospectus, First of America,
Gulfstream and BISYS bear all expenses in connection with the performance of
their services for the Funds. The Trust bears the expenses in connection with
the Funds' operations, whether incurred directly or on its behalf by First of
America, Gulfstream, BISYS or the Participating Insurance Companies, including
taxes; interest; fees (including fees paid to its trustees and officers except
those trustees and officers who are affiliated with BISYS or National City); SEC
fees; state securities qualification fees; costs of preparing and printing
prospectuses for regulatory purposes and for distribution to existing
shareholders; advisory, administration, Fund accounting and custody fees;
certain insurance premiums; outside auditing and legal expenses; costs of
shareholders' reports and shareholder meetings; and any extraordinary expenses.
The Funds also pay for brokerage fees and commissions in connection with the
purchase of portfolio securities.
HOW SHARES ARE VALUED
The net asset value of shares of the Funds is determined and their
shares are priced as of the close of trading on the NYSE on each Business Day
(generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time)
38
<PAGE> 41
("Valuation Time"). A "Business Day" is a day on which the NYSE is open for
trading (other than a day on which no shares are tendered for redemption and no
order to purchase any shares is received). Currently, the NYSE will not open in
observance of the following holidays: New Year's Day, President's Day, Good
Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas.
Net asset value per share for a particular Fund for purposes of pricing
sales and redemptions is calculated by dividing the value of all securities and
other assets belonging to a Fund, less the liabilities charged to that Fund, by
the number of outstanding shares of such Fund. The net asset value per share
will fluctuate as the value of the investment portfolio of a Fund changes.
The securities in each Fund will be valued at market value. If market
quotations are not available, the securities will be valued by a method which
the Board of Trustees believes accurately reflects fair value. Foreign
securities are valued based on quotations from the primary market in which they
are traded and are translated from the local currency into U.S. dollars using
current exchange rates. For further information about valuation of investments,
see "NET ASSET VALUE" in the Statement of Additional Information.
DIVIDENDS AND TAXES
Each Fund expects to make a distribution of substantially all of its
net investment income and capital gains each year at least once a year.
Dividends for the Funds are declared and paid at least annually. Net capital
gains, if any, will be distributed at least annually. All dividends and capital
gain distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of a
Fund at the net asset value of such shares on the payment date.
Each Fund intends to qualify as a "regulated investment company" under
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), which would relieve
a Fund of liability for federal income taxes to the extent the Fund's earnings
are distributed in accordance with the Code. In order to so qualify, a Fund must
comply with certain distribution, diversification, source of income and other
applicable requirements. If for any taxable year a Fund does not qualify for the
special federal tax treatment afforded regulated investment companies, all of
the Fund's taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates
without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In such event, a Fund's
distributions to segregated asset
39
<PAGE> 42
accounts holding shares of the Fund would be taxable as ordinary income to the
extent of the Fund's current and accumulated earnings and profits. A failure of
a Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company could also result in the
loss of the tax favored status of variable annuity contracts and variable life
insurance policies based on a segregated asset account which invests in the
Fund.
Under Code section 817(h), a segregated asset account upon which a
variable annuity contract or variable life insurance policy is based must be
"adequately diversified." A segregated asset account will be adequately
diversified if it complies with certain diversification tests set forth in
treasury regulations. If a regulated investment company satisfies certain
conditions relating to the ownership of its shares, a segregated asset account
investing in such investment company will be entitled to treat its pro rata
portion of each asset of the investment company as an asset for purposes of
these diversification tests. The Fund intends to meet these ownership conditions
and to comply with the diversification tests described above. Accordingly, a
segregated asset account investing solely in shares of a Fund will be adequately
diversified.
Taxes may be imposed on the International Fund by foreign countries
with respect to income received on foreign securities. If more than 50% of the
value of the International Fund's assets at the close of its taxable year
consists of stocks or securities of foreign corporations, the International Fund
may elect to treat any foreign income taxes it has paid as paid by its
shareholders. In this case, shareholders generally will be required to include
in income their pro rata share of such taxes, but will then be entitled to claim
a credit or deduction for their share of such taxes. However, a particular
shareholder's ability to utilize such a credit will be subject to certain
limitations imposed by the Code. The International Fund will report to its
shareholders each year the amount, if any, of foreign taxes per share that it
has elected to have treated as paid by its shareholders.
Provided that the Fund and funds in a segregated asset account
investing in the Fund satisfy the above requirements, any distributions from the
Fund will be exempt from current federal income taxation to the extent that such
distributions accumulate in a variable annuity contract or a variable life
insurance contract.
Persons investing in a variable annuity or variable life insurance
contract offered by a segregated asset account investing in a Fund should refer
to the prospectus with respect to such contract for further tax information.
The foregoing discussion of federal income tax consequences is based on
tax laws and regulations in effect on the date of this Prospectus and is subject
to change by legislative or administrative action. Prospective investors should
consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of investments in the
Funds.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
From time to time performance information for the Funds showing their
average annual total return, aggregate total return and/or yield may be
presented in advertisements, sales
40
<PAGE> 43
literature and shareholder reports. Such performance figures are based on
historical earnings and are not intended to indicate future performance. Average
annual total return of a Fund will be calculated for the period since the
establishment of the Fund and will reflect the imposition of the maximum sales
charge, if any. Average annual total return is measured by comparing the value
of an investment in a Fund at the beginning of the relevant period to the
redemption value of the investment at the end of the period (assuming immediate
reinvestment of any dividends or capital gains distributions) and annualizing
the result. Aggregate total return is calculated similarly to average annual
total return except that the return figure is aggregated over the relevant
period instead of annualized. Yield of a Fund will be computed by dividing a
Fund's net investment income per share earned during a recent 1-month period by
that Fund's per share maximum offering price (reduced by any undeclared earned
income expected to be paid shortly as a dividend) on the last day of the period
and annualizing the result. Each Fund may also present its average annual total
return, aggregate total return and yield, as the case may be, excluding the
effect of a sales charge, if any.
In addition, from time to time the Fund may present their respective
distribution rates for a Fund in shareholder reports and in supplemental sales
literature which is accompanied or preceded by a Prospectus and in shareholder
reports. Distribution rates will be computed by dividing the distribution per
share over a 12-month period by the maximum offering price per share. The
calculation of income in the distribution rate includes both income and capital
gains dividends and does not reflect unrealized gains or losses, although a Fund
may also present a distribution rate excluding the effect of capital gains. The
distribution rate differs from the yield, because it includes capital gains
which are often non-recurring in nature, whereas yield does not include such
items. Distribution rates may also be presented excluding the effect of a sales
charge, if any.
Investors may also judge the performance of a Fund by comparing or
referencing it to the performance of mutual funds with comparable investment
objectives and policies through various mutual fund or market indices such as
those published by various services, including, but not limited to, ratings
published by Morningstar, Inc. In addition to performance information, general
information about the Funds that appears in such publications may be included in
advertisements, in sales literature and in reports to shareholders. For further
information regarding such services and publications, see "ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION-Performance Comparisons" in the Statement of Additional Information.
Total return and yield are functions of the type and quality of
instruments held in the portfolio, levels of operating expenses, and changes in
market conditions. Consequently, total return and yield will fluctuate and are
not necessarily representative of future results. Any fees charged by FABC or
any of its affiliates with respect to customer accounts for investing in shares
of the Funds will not be included in performance calculations. Such fees, if
charged, will reduce the actual performance from that quoted. In addition, if
First of America and BISYS voluntarily reduce all or a part of their respective
fees, as further discussed in this Prospectus, the total return of such Fund
will be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of such voluntary fee
reductions.
41
<PAGE> 44
Yields and total returns quoted for the Funds include the effect of
deducting the Funds' expenses, but may not include charges and expenses
attributable to a particular variable annuity contract or variable life
insurance policy. Since shares of the Funds may be purchased only through a
variable annuity contract or variable life insurance policy, you should
carefully review the prospectus of the variable annuity contract or variable
life insurance policy you have chosen for information on relevant charges and
expenses. Including these charges in the quotations of the Funds' yield and
total return would have the effect of decreasing performance. Performance
information for the Funds must always be accompanied by, and reviewed with,
performance information for the insurance product which invests in the Funds.
MISCELLANEOUS
Inquiries regarding the Trust may be directed in writing to The
Parkstone Advantage Fund at 3435 Stelzer Road, Columbus, Ohio 43219, or by
calling toll-free (800) 451-8377. Holders of variable annuity contracts or
variable life insurance policies issued by Participating Insurance Companies for
which shares of the Funds are the investment vehicle will receive from the
Participating Insurance Companies the Trust's unaudited semi-annual financial
statements and year-end financial statements audited by the Trust's independent
auditors. Each report will show the investments owned by the Funds and the
market values of the investments and will provide other information about the
Funds and their operations.
The Trust currently does not foresee any disadvantages to the holders
of variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies of affiliated
and unaffiliated Participating Insurance Companies arising from the fact that
the interests of the holders of variable annuity contracts and variable life
insurance policies may differ due to differences of tax treatment or other
considerations or due to conflict between the affiliated or unaffiliated
Participating Insurance Companies. Nevertheless, the Trustees intend to monitor
events in order to identify any material irreconcilable conflicts which may
possibly arise and to determine what action, if any, should be taken in response
to such conflicts. The variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance
policies are described in the separate prospectuses issued by the Participating
Insurance Companies. The Trust assumes no responsibility for such prospectuses.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY
REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, OR IN THE STATEMENT OF
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, IN CONNECTION WITH THE
OFFERING MADE BY THIS PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR
REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE TRUST.
42
<PAGE> 45
THE PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE FUND
FORM N-1A
CROSS-REFERENCE SHEET
PART B. INFORMATION REQUIRED IN A STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ITEM NO. RULE 404(a) CROSS REFERENCE
- -------- ---------------------------
<S> <C>
10. Cover Page Cover Page
11. Table of Contents Table of Contents
12. General Information and History Additional Information-Description of Shares
13. Investment Objectives and Policies Investment Objectives and Policies; Net Asset
Value
14. Management of the Fund Trustees and Officers; Expenses; Miscellaneous
15. Control Persons and Principal Holders Management of the Trust
of Securities
16. Investment Advisory and Other Services Investment Adviser; Administrator; Distributor;
Custodian, Transfer Agent and Fund Accounting
Services; Independent Auditors; Counsel
17. Brokerage Allocation and Other Portfolio Transactions
Practices
18. Capital Stock and Other Securities Additional Information-Description of Shares
19. Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Net Asset Value; Additional Purchase and
Securities Being Offered Redemption Information; Additional
Information-Description of Shares
20. Tax Status Additional Tax Information; Additional Tax
Information Concerning the International Fund
21. Underwriters Portfolio Transactions
22. Calculation of Performance Date Yields of the Funds; Calculation of Total Return
23. Financial Statements Financial Statements
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 46
SMALL CAPITALIZATION FUND
MID CAPITALIZATION FUND
BOND FUND
INTERNATIONAL DISCOVERY FUND
Each an Investment Portfolio of
THE PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE FUND
Statement of Additional Information
April 30, 1998
This Statement of Additional Information is not a Prospectus, but
should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus for The Parkstone Advantage
Fund dated April 30, 1998, which may be supplemented from time to time. This
Statement of Additional Information is incorporated by reference in its entirety
into the Prospectus. Copies of the Prospectus may be obtained by writing The
Parkstone Advantage Fund at P.O. Box 50551, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49005-0551, or
by calling toll free (800) 451-8377.
<PAGE> 47
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
-----------------
Page
----
<S> <C>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES....................................................................B-1
Additional Information on Portfolio Instruments..............................................B-1
Investment Restrictions.....................................................................B-15
Portfolio Turnover..........................................................................B-18
NET ASSET VALUE......................................................................................B-19
Valuation of the Funds......................................................................B-20
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION.......................................................B-20
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST..............................................................................B-21
Trustees and Officers.......................................................................B-21
Investment Adviser and Subadviser...........................................................B-24
Portfolio Transactions......................................................................B-28
Glass-Steagall Act..........................................................................B-29
Administrator...............................................................................B-30
Expenses....................................................................................B-32
Distributor.................................................................................B-32
Custodian, Transfer Agent and Fund Accounting Services......................................B-33
Independent Auditors........................................................................B-34
Legal Counsel...............................................................................B-34
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION...............................................................................B-34
Description of Shares.......................................................................B-34
Vote of a Majority of the Outstanding Shares................................................B-36
Shareholder and Trustee Liability...........................................................B-36
Additional Tax Information..................................................................B-36
Additional Tax Information Concerning the International Fund................................B-40
Yields of the Funds.........................................................................B-41
Calculation of Total Return.................................................................B-42
Performance Comparisons.....................................................................B-42
Miscellaneous...............................................................................B-43
Financial Statements........................................................................B-44
APPENDIX...............................................................................................A-1
</TABLE>
i
<PAGE> 48
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
-----------------------------------
THE PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE FUND
----------------------------
The Parkstone Advantage Fund (the "Trust") is an open-end management
company which offers four separate and diversified investment portfolios
(collectively, the "Funds" and singly, a "Fund"), each with a different
investment objective. The Trust is established exclusively for the purpose of
providing an investment vehicle for variable annuity contracts and variable life
insurance policies offered by the separate accounts of various life insurance
companies ("participating insurance companies"). Shares of the Trust are not
offered to the general public but solely to such separate accounts ("separate
accounts").
The Trust offers four variable net asset value funds: the Small
Capitalization Fund, the Mid Capitalization Fund (formerly, the Equity Fund),
the Bond Fund, and the International Discovery Fund. Until March 6, 1998, the
Trust also offered a money market fund, the Prime Obligations Fund, which is no
longer available. The Small Capitalization Fund seeks capital growth by
investing primarily in a diversified portfolio of common stocks and securities
convertible into common stocks of small- to medium-sized companies. The Mid
Capitalization Fund seeks capital growth by investing primarily in a diversified
portfolio of common stocks and securities convertible into common stocks. The
Bond Fund seeks current income with the preservation of capital by investing in
a portfolio of high- and medium-grade fixed-income securities. The International
Discovery Fund (the "International Fund") seeks long-term growth of capital.
Much of the information contained in this Statement of Additional
Information expands upon subjects discussed in the Prospectus of the Trust
described above. Capitalized terms not defined herein are defined in the
Prospectus. No investment in shares of a Fund should be made without first
reading the Trust's Prospectus.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
Additional Information on Portfolio Instruments
- -----------------------------------------------
The following policies supplement the investment objectives and
policies of each Fund of the Trust as set forth in the Prospectus for the Trust.
Bank Obligations.
- -----------------
Each of the Small Capitalization Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund and Bond
Fund may invest in bank obligations consisting of bankers' acceptances,
certificates of deposit and time deposits.
B-1
<PAGE> 49
Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange
typically drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise which
are "accepted" by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally
agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Bankers' acceptances
invested in by the Funds will be those guaranteed by domestic and foreign banks
having, at the time of investment, capital, surplus, and undivided profits in
excess of $100,000,000 (as of the date of their most recently published
financial statements).
Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank or a savings and loan association for a
definite period of time and earning a specified return. Certificates of deposit
and time deposits will be those of domestic and foreign banks and savings and
loan associations if (a) at the time of investment, the depository or
institution has capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of
$100,000,000 (as of the date of its most recently published financial
statements), or (b) the principal amount of the instrument is insured in full by
the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Each of the Small Capitalization Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund and Bond
Fund may also invest in Eurodollar certificates of deposit ("Euro CDs"), which
are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by offices of foreign
and domestic banks located outside the United States; Yankee certificates of
deposit ("Yankee CDs") which are certificates of deposit issued by a U.S. branch
of a foreign bank denominated in U.S. dollars and held in the United States;
Eurodollar time deposits ("ETDs") which are U.S. dollar-denominated deposits in
a foreign branch of a U.S. bank or foreign bank; and Canadian time deposits,
which are basically the same as ETDs, except they are issued by Canadian offices
of major Canadian banks.
Commercial Paper
- ----------------
Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Except as noted below with respect to variable amount master
demand notes, issues of commercial paper normally have maturities of less than 9
months and fixed rates of return.
The Small Capitalization Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund and Bond Fund
may invest in commercial paper rated in any rating category or not rated by a
nationally recognized statistical rating organization ("NRSRO"). In general,
investment in lower-rated instruments is more risky than investment in
instruments in higher-rated categories. For a description of the rating symbols
of each NRSRO, see the Appendix. The Small Capitalization Fund, Mid
Capitalization Fund, International Fund and
B-2
<PAGE> 50
Bond Fund may also invest in Canadian commercial paper, which is commercial
paper issued by a Canadian corporation or counterpart of a U.S. corporation and
Europaper, which is U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper of a foreign
issuer.
Variable Amount Master Demand Notes
- -----------------------------------
Variable amount master demand notes in which the Small Capitalization
Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund and Bond Fund may invest, are unsecured demand
notes that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and provide for periodic
adjustments in the interest rate according to the terms of the instrument.
Because master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and
the issuer, they are not normally traded. Although there is no secondary market
in the notes, a Fund may demand payment of principal and accrued interest at any
time. While the notes are not rated by credit rating agencies, issuers of
variable amount master demand notes (which are normally manufacturing, retail,
financial, and other business concerns) must satisfy the same criteria set forth
above for commercial paper. First of America will consider the earning power,
cash flow, and other liquidity ratios of such notes and will continuously
monitor the financial status and ability to make payment on demand. In
determining dollar average maturity, a variable amount master demand note will
be deemed to have a maturity equal to the longer of the period of time remaining
until the next interest rate adjustment or the period of time remaining until
the principal amount can be recovered from the issuer through demand.
Foreign Investment
- ------------------
Investment in foreign securities is subject to special investment risks
that differ in some respects from those related to securities of U.S. domestic
issuers. Since investments in the securities of foreign issuers may involve
currencies of foreign countries, and since the International Fund may from time
to time temporarily hold funds in bank deposits in foreign currencies, the
International Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in
currency rates and in exchange control regulations and may incur costs in
connection with conversions between various currencies.
Since foreign companies are not subject to accounting, auditing and
financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those
applicable to U.S. companies, there may be less publicly available information
about a foreign company than about a U.S. company. Volume and liquidity in most
foreign bond markets are less than in the U.S. and securities of many foreign
companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S.
companies. Fixed commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally
higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the Funds
endeavor to achieve the most favorable net results in their portfolio
transactions. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of
the securities exchanges, brokers, dealers and listed companies than in the
U.S., thus increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions
or loss of certificates for portfolio securities.
B-3
<PAGE> 51
Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement
procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have
been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it
difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result
in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of a Fund is uninvested and no
return is earned thereon. The inability of a Fund to make intended security
purchases due to settlement problems could cause such Fund to miss attractive
investment opportunities. Losses to a Fund due to subsequent declines in the
value of portfolio securities, or losses arising out of the Fund's inability to
fulfill a contract to sell such securities, could result in potential liability
to the Fund. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is
the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social
instability, or diplomatic developments which could affect a Fund's investments
in those countries. Moreover, individual foreign economies may differ favorably
or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross
national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource
self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Each of the Small Capitalization Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund and Bond
Fund will acquire foreign securities only when First of America or Gulfstream
Global Investors, Ltd. ("Gulfstream" or the "Subadviser"), the subadviser of the
International Fund, believes that the risks associated with such investments are
minimal.
B-4
<PAGE> 52
Money Market Mutual Funds
Each of the Funds may invest up to 5% of the value of its total assets
in the securities of any one money market mutual fund (including, if permitted
by rule or order of the Securities and Exchange Commission, shares of a
Parkstone affiliated money market fund), provided that no more than 10% of a
Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities of money market mutual
funds in the aggregate. In order to avoid the imposition of additional fees as a
result of investments by the Funds in shares of a Parkstone affiliated money
market fund, the Investment Adviser, Administrator and their affiliates (See
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST "Investment Adviser," "Administrator and Distributor"
and "Custodians, Transfer Agent and Fund Accounting Services") will charge their
fees to the Funds, rather than the Parkstone affiliated money market fund. Each
Fund will incur additional expenses due to the duplication of expenses as a
result of investing in securities of other unaffiliated money market mutual
funds.
The Funds will incur no sales charges, contingent deferred sales
charges, 12b-1 fees or other underwriting or distribution fees in connection
with their investments in Parkstone affiliated money market funds. The Funds
will
B-5
<PAGE> 53
vote their shares of each of the Parkstone affiliated money market funds in
proportion to the vote by all other shareholders of those funds. Moreover, no
single Fund may own more than 3% of the outstanding shares of any Parkstone
affiliated money market fund.
Municipal Securities
- --------------------
The Bond Fund may invest in Municipal Securities, but shall limit such
investment to the extent necessary to preclude it from paying "exempt-interest
dividends" as that term is defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the "Code"). Municipal Securities are primarily bonds and notes issued
by or on behalf of states (including the District of Columbia), territories, and
possessions of United States and their respective authorities, agencies,
instrumentalities, and political subdivisions, the interest on which is both
exempt from federal income tax and not treated as a preference item for purposes
of the federal alternative minimum tax.
Municipal Securities include debt obligations issued by governmental
entities to obtain funds for various public purposes, such as the construction
of a wide range of public facilities, the refunding of outstanding obligations,
the payment of general operating expenses, and the extension of loans to other
public institutions and facilities. Private activity bonds that are issued
by or on behalf of public authorities to finance various privately-operated
facilities are included within the term Municipal Securities if the interest
paid thereon is exempt from both federal income tax and not treated as a
preference item for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax.
The two principal classifications of Municipal Securities consist of
"general obligation" and "revenue" issues. There are, of course, variations in
the quality of such Municipal Securities, both within a particular
classification and between classifications, and the yields on such Municipal
Securities depend upon a variety of factors, including general money market
conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the
municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the
obligation and the rating of the issue. The ratings of an NRSRO represent their
opinions as to the quality of such Municipal Securities. It should be
emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of
quality, and Municipal Securities with the same maturity, interest rate and
rating may have different yields, while Municipal Securities of the same
maturity and interest rate with different ratings may have the same yield.
Subsequent to purchase, an issue of Municipal Securities may cease to be rated
or its rating may be reduced below the minimum rating required for purchase.
First of America will consider such an event in determining whether a Fund
should continue to hold the obligation.
An issuer's obligations under Municipal Securities are subject to the
provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and
remedies of creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Code and laws, if any,
which may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for
payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon
the enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to
levy taxes. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the
payment of interest on
B-6
<PAGE> 54
and principal of Municipal Securities may be materially adversely affected by
litigation or other conditions.
Government Obligations
- ----------------------
Each of the Funds may invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, including bills, notes and
bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury, as well as "stripped" U.S. Treasury
obligations ("Stripped Treasury Obligations") such as Treasury receipts issued
by the U.S. Treasury representing either future interest or principal payments.
Stripped securities are issued at a discount to their "face value" and may
exhibit greater price volatility than ordinary debt securities because of the
manner in which their principal and interest are returned to investors.
Obligations of certain agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S.
government are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury;
others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury;
others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to
purchase the agency's obligations; and still others are supported only by the
credit of the instrumentality. No assurance can be given that the U.S.
government will provide financial support to the U.S. government-sponsored
agencies or instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so by law.
Options Trading
- ---------------
Each of the Funds may purchase put and call options. A call option
gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer has the
obligation to sell, the underlying security or foreign currency at the stated
exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option, regardless of
the market price or exchange rate of the security or foreign currency, as the
case may be. The premium paid to the writer is consideration for undertaking the
obligations under the option contract. A put option gives the purchaser the
right to sell the underlying security or foreign currency at the stated exercise
price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the
market price or exchange rate of the security or foreign currency, as the case
may be. Put and call options purchased by the Funds are valued at the last sale
price, or in the absence of such a price, at the mean between bid and asked
price.
When a Fund writes an option, an amount equal to the net premium (the
premium less the commission) received by the Fund is included in the liability
section of the Fund's statement of assets and liabilities as a deferred credit.
The amount of the deferred credit will be subsequently marked-to-market to
reflect the current value of the option written. The current value of the traded
option is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, the average of the
closing bid and asked prices. If an option expires on the stipulated expiration
date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize
a gain (or a loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net
premium received when the option is sold) and the deferred
B-7
<PAGE> 55
credit related to such option will be eliminated. If an option is exercised, the
Fund may deliver the underlying security in the open market. In either event,
the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally
received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.
Each of the Small Capitalization Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund and
International Fund may also purchase or sell index options. Index options (or
options on securities indices) are similar in many respects to options on
securities except that an index option gives the holder the right to receive,
upon exercise, cash instead of securities, if the closing level of the
securities index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of
a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option.
When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Securities
- -------------------------------------------
Each Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued" or
"delayed-delivery" basis (i.e., for delivery beyond the normal settlement date
at a stated price and yield). When the Fund agrees to purchase securities on a
"when-issued" or "delayed-delivery" basis, the Fund's Custodian will set aside
cash or liquid securities equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate
account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy
the purchase commitment, and in such case, the Fund may be required subsequently
to place additional assets in the separate account in order to assure that the
value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It
may be expected that the Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree
when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than
when it sets aside cash. In addition, because the Fund will set aside cash or
liquid securities to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described
above, the Fund's liquidity and the ability of First of America or Gulfstream,
as the case may be, to manage it might be affected in the event its commitments
to purchase "when-issued" or "delayed-delivery" securities ever exceeded 25% of
the value of its assets. Under normal market conditions, however, a Fund's
commitments to purchase "when-issued" or "delayed-delivery" securities will not
exceed 25% of the value of its assets.
If the Fund sells a "when-issued" or "delayed-delivery" security before
a delivery, any gain would not be tax-exempt. When the Fund engages in
"when-issued" or "delayed-delivery" transactions, it relies on the seller to
consummate the trade. Failure of the seller to do so may result in the Fund
incurring a loss or missing the opportunity to obtain a price considered to be
advantageous. The Funds will engage in "when-issued" or "delayed-delivery"
transactions only for the purpose of acquiring securities consistent with the
Funds' investment objectives and policies and not for investment leverage,
although such transactions represent a form of leveraging.
Mortgage-Related Securities
- ---------------------------
Each of the Funds, except the International Fund, may, consistent with
its investment objective and policies, invest in mortgage-related securities
issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
The Bond Fund may, in addition, invest in mortgage-related securities issued by
non-governmental entities,
B-8
<PAGE> 56
including collateralized mortgage obligations structured on pools of mortgage
pass-through certificates or mortgage loans, subject to the rating limitations
described in the Prospectus.
Mortgage-related securities, for purposes of the Trust's Prospectus and
this Statement of Additional Information, represent pools of mortgage loans
assembled for sale to investors by various governmental agencies such as the
Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") and government-related
organizations such as the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") and the
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), as well as by non-governmental
issuers such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage
bankers and private mortgage insurance companies. Although certain
mortgage-related securities are guaranteed by a third party or are otherwise
similarly secured, the market value of the security, which may fluctuate, is not
so secured. If a Fund purchases a mortgage-related security at a premium, that
portion may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security
whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments in the
underlying mortgage collateral. As with other interest-bearing securities, the
prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates.
However, though the value of a mortgage-related security may decline when
interest rates rise, the converse is not necessarily true, since in periods of
declining interest rates the mortgages underlying the securities are prone to
prepayment, thereby shortening the life of the security and shortening the
period of time over which income at the higher rate is received. When interest
rates are rising, though, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease thereby
lengthening the period of time over which income at the lower rate is received.
For these and other reasons, a mortgage-related security's average maturity may
be shortened or lengthened as a result of interest rate fluctuations and,
therefore, it is not possible to predict accurately the security's return to the
Funds. In addition, regular payments received in respect of mortgage-related
securities include both interest and principal. No assurance can be given as to
the return the Funds will receive when these amounts are reinvested.
There are a number of important differences among the agencies and the
instrumentalities of the U.S. government that issue mortgage-related securities
and among the securities that they issue. Mortgage-related securities issued by
GNMA include GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as "Ginnie
Maes") which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest
by GNMA and such guaranty is backed by the full faith and credit of the United
States. GNMA is a wholly-owned U.S. government corporation within the Department
of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA certificates are also supported by the
authority of the GNMA to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments
under its guarantee. Mortgage-related securities issued by FNMA include FNMA
Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as "Fannie Maes")
which are solely the obligations of FNMA and are not backed by or entitled to
the full faith and credit of the United States. FNMA is a government-sponsored
organization owned entirely by private stockholders. Fannie Maes are guaranteed
as to timely payment of the principal and interest by FNMA. Mortgage-related
securities issued by FHLMC include FHLMC mortgage participation certificates
(also known as "Freddie Macs" or "PCs"). FHLMC is a corporate instrumentality of
the United States, pursuant to an Act of Congress, which is owned entirely by
the Federal Home Loan banks. Freddie Macs are not guaranteed by the United
States or by any Federal Home Loan banks and
B-9
<PAGE> 57
do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal
Home Loan bank. Freddie Macs entitle the holder to timely payment of interest,
which is guaranteed by the FHLMC. FHLMC guarantees either ultimate collection or
timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. When
FHLMC does not guarantee timely payment of principal, FHLMC may remit the amount
due on account of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal at any time
after default on an underlying mortgage, but in no event later than one year
after it becomes payable.
Medium-Grade Securities
- -----------------------
The Bond Fund may invest in securities which are rated within the four
highest rating groups assigned by an NRSRO (including, for example, securities
rated BBB by S&P or Baa by Moody's) or, if not rated, are of comparable quality
as determined by First of America ("Medium-Grade Securities").
As with other fixed-income securities, Medium-Grade Securities are
subject to credit risk and market risk. Market risk relates to changes in a
security's value as a result of changes in interest rates. Credit risk relates
to the ability of an issuer to make payments of principal and interest.
Medium-Grade Securities are considered by Moody's to have speculative
characteristics.
Medium-Grade Securities are generally subject to greater credit risk
than comparable higher-rated securities because issuers are more vulnerable to
economic downturns, higher interest rates or adverse issuer-specific
developments. In addition, the prices of Medium-Grade Securities are generally
subject to greater market risk and therefore react more sharply to changes in
interest rates. The value and liquidity of Medium-Grade Securities may be
diminished by adverse publicity and investor perceptions.
Because certain Medium-Grade Securities are traded only in markets
where the number of potential purchasers and sellers, if any, is limited, the
ability of the Fund to sell such securities at their fair value, either to meet
redemption requests or to respond to changes in the financial markets, may be
limited.
Particular types of Medium-Grade Securities may present special
concerns. The prices of payment-in-kind or zero-coupon securities react more
strongly to changes in interest rates than the prices of other Medium-Grade
Securities. Some Medium-Grade Securities in which the Fund may invest may be
subject to redemption or call provisions that may limit increases in market
value that might otherwise result from lower interest rates while increasing the
risk that the Fund may be required to reinvest redemption or call proceeds
during a period of relatively low interest rates.
The credit ratings issued by Moody's and S&P are subject to various
limitations. For example, while such ratings evaluate credit risk, they
ordinarily do not evaluate the market risk of Medium-Grade Securities. In
certain circumstances, the ratings may not reflect in a timely
B-10
<PAGE> 58
fashion adverse developments affecting an issuer. For these reasons, First of
America conducts its own independent credit analysis of Medium-Grade Securities.
Restricted Securities
- ---------------------
Each of the Funds may invest in Section 4(2) securities. "Section 4(2)
securities," as described in the Prospectus, are securities which are issued in
reliance on the "private placement" exemption from registration which is
afforded by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act"). The
Funds will not purchase Section 4(2) securities which have not been determined
to be liquid in excess of 15% of the total assets of that Fund. The Trust's
Board of Trustees has delegated to First of America the day-to-day authority to
determine whether a particular issue of Section 4(2) securities that are
eligible for resale under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act should be treated as
liquid. Rule 144A provides a safe-harbor exemption from the registration
requirements of the 1933 Act for resales to "qualified institutional buyers" as
defined in the Rule. With the exception of registered broker-dealers, a
qualified institutional buyer must generally own and invest on a discretionary
basis at least $100 million in securities.
First of America may deem Section 4(2) securities liquid if it believes
that, based on the trading markets for such security, such security can be
disposed of within seven (7) days in the ordinary course of business at
approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the security. In making
such determination, First of America generally considers any and all factors
that it deems relevant, which may include: (i) the credit quality of the issuer;
(ii) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (iii) the number of
dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other
potential purchasers; (iv) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security;
and (v) the nature of the security and the nature of market-place trades.
Treatment of Section 4(2) securities as liquid could have the effect of
decreasing the level of a Fund's liquidity to the extent that qualified
institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these
securities.
Repurchase Agreements
- ---------------------
Securities held by each of the Funds may be subject to repurchase
agreements. Under the terms of a repurchase agreement, a Fund would acquire
securities from member banks of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and
registered broker-dealers which First of America deems creditworthy under the
guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees, subject to the seller's
agreement to repurchase such securities at a mutually agreed upon date and
price. The repurchase price would generally equal the price paid by the Fund
plus interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates, which may be
more or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio securities. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain at all times the value
of collateral held pursuant to the agreement at not less than the repurchase
price (including accrued interest). If the seller were to default on its
repurchase obligations or become insolvent, the Fund holding such obligation
would suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from the sale of the
underlying portfolio securities were less than the
B-11
<PAGE> 59
repurchase price under the agreement, or to the extent that the disposition of
such securities by the Fund were delayed pending court action. Additionally,
there is no controlling legal precedent confirming that a Fund would be
entitled, as against the claim by such seller or its receiver or trustee in
bankruptcy, to retain the underlying securities, although the Board of Trustees
of the Trust believes that, under the regular procedures normally in effect for
the custody of a Fund's securities subject to repurchase agreements, and under
federal laws, a court of competent jurisdiction would rule in favor of the Trust
if presented with the question. Securities subject to repurchase agreements will
be held by the Trust's Custodian or another qualified custodian or in the
Federal Reserve/Treasury book-entry system. Repurchase agreements are considered
to be loans by a Fund under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act").
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
- --------------------------------------------------------
As discussed in the Prospectus, each of the Funds may borrow money by
entering into reverse repurchase agreements and, with respect to the Bond Fund,
dollar roll agreements in accordance with that Fund's investment restrictions.
Pursuant to such agreements, a Fund would sell portfolio securities to financial
institutions such as banks and brokers-dealers and agree to repurchase the
securities, or substantially similar securities in the case of a dollar roll
agreement, at a mutually agreed-upon date and price. A dollar roll agreement is
identical to a reverse repurchase agreement except for the fact that
substantially similar securities may be repurchased. At the time a Fund enters
into a reverse repurchase agreement or a dollar roll agreement, it will place in
a segregated custodial account assets such as U.S. government securities or
other liquid high-grade debt securities consistent with the Fund's investment
restrictions having a value equal to the repurchase price (including accrued
interest), and will subsequently continually monitor the account to insure that
such equivalent value is maintained. Reverse repurchase agreements and dollar
roll agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by
a Fund may decline below the price at which a Fund is obligated to repurchase
the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements are
considered to be borrowings by a Fund under the 1940 Act.
Futures Contracts
- -----------------
Each of the Funds may enter into futures contracts. This investment
technique is designed primarily to hedge against anticipated future changes in
market conditions or foreign exchange rates which otherwise might adversely
affect the value of securities which a Fund holds or intends to purchase. For
example, when interest rates are expected to rise or market values of portfolio
securities are expected to fall, a Fund can seek through the sale of futures
contracts to offset a decline in the value of its portfolio securities. When
interest rates are expected to fall or market values are expected to rise, a
Fund, through the purchase of such contract, can attempt to secure better rates
or prices for the Fund than might later be available in the market when it
effects anticipated purchases.
B-12
<PAGE> 60
The acquisition of put and call options on futures contracts will,
respectively, give a Fund the right (but not the obligation), for a specified
price to sell or to purchase the underlying futures contract, upon exercising
the option anytime during the option period.
Futures transactions involve broker costs and require a Fund to
segregate liquid assets, such as cash, U.S. government securities or other
liquid high-grade debt obligations to cover its performance under such
contracts. A Fund may lose the expected benefit of futures contracts if interest
rates, securities or foreign exchange rates move in an unanticipated manner.
Such unanticipated changes may also result in poorer overall performance than if
the Fund had not entered into any futures transactions. In addition, the value
of a Fund's futures positions may not prove to be perfectly or even highly
correlated with its portfolio securities and foreign currencies, limiting the
Fund's ability to hedge effectively against interest rate, foreign exchange rate
and/or market risk and giving rise to additional risks. There is no assurance of
liquidity in the secondary market for purposes of closing out futures positions.
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
- -------------------------------------------
Each of the Funds may invest in forward foreign currency exchange
contracts. A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation
to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date which may be any fixed
number of days ("term") from the date of the contract agreed upon by the
parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are traded
directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their
customers.
No Fund intends to enter into such forward foreign currency exchange
contracts if such Fund would have more than 15% of the value of its total assets
committed to such contracts on a regular or continuous basis. A Fund also will
not enter into such forward contracts or maintain a net exposure on such
contracts where such Fund would be obligated to deliver an amount of foreign
currency in excess of the value of such Fund's securities or other assets
denominated in that currency. First of America and Gulfstream believe that it is
important to have the flexibility to enter into such forward contracts when it
determines that to do so is in the best interests of a Fund. The Fund's
Custodian segregates cash or liquid high-grade securities in an amount not less
than the value of the Fund's total assets committed to forward foreign currency
exchange contracts entered into for the purchase of a foreign security. If the
value of the securities segregated declines, additional cash or securities are
added so that the segregated amount is not less than the amount of such Fund's
commitments with respect to such contracts. The Funds generally do not enter
into a forward contract for a term longer than one year.
Foreign Currency Options
- ------------------------
Each of the Funds may invest in foreign currency options. A foreign
currency option provides the option buyer with the right to buy or sell a stated
amount of foreign currency at the exercise price at a specified date or during
the option period. A call option gives its owner the right, but not the
obligation, to buy the currency, while a put option gives its owner the right,
but not the obligation, to sell the currency. The option seller (writer) is
B-13
<PAGE> 61
obligated to fulfill the terms of an option sold if it is exercised. However,
either seller or buyer may close its position during the option period in the
secondary market for such options at any time prior to expiration.
A call rises in value if the underlying currency appreciates.
Conversely, a put rises in value if the underlying currency depreciates. While
purchasing a foreign currency option can protect the Fund against an adverse
movement in the value of a foreign currency, it does not limit the gain which
might result from a favorable movement in the value of such currency. For
example, if a Fund were holding securities denominated in an appreciating
foreign currency and had purchased a foreign currency put to hedge against the
decline of the value of the currency, it would not have to exercise its put.
Similarly, if a Fund has entered into a contract to purchase a security
denominated in a foreign currency and had purchased a foreign currency call to
hedge against a rise in the value of the currency but instead the currency had
depreciated in value between the date of the purchase and the settlement date,
such Fund would not have to exercise its call, but could acquire in the spot
market the amount of foreign currency needed for settlement.
Foreign Currency Futures Transactions
- -------------------------------------
Each of the Funds may invest in foreign currency futures transactions.
As part of its financial futures transactions, a Fund may use foreign currency
futures contracts and options on such futures contracts. Through the purchase or
sale of such contracts, a Fund may be able to achieve many of the same
objectives as through forward foreign currency exchange contracts more
effectively and possibly at a lower cost. Unlike forward foreign currency
exchange contracts, foreign currency futures contracts and options on foreign
currency futures contracts are standardized as to amount and delivery, and may
be traded on boards of trade and commodities exchanges or directly with a dealer
which makes a market in such contracts and options. It is anticipated that such
contracts may provide greater liquidity and lower cost than forward foreign
currency exchange contracts.
Regulatory Restrictions
- -----------------------
To the extent required to comply with Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "SEC") Release No. IC-10666, when purchasing a futures contract
or writing a put option or entering into a forward foreign currency exchange
purchase, a Fund will maintain in a segregated account cash or liquid high-grade
debt securities equal to the value of such contracts.
To the extent required to comply with Commodity Futures Trading
Commission Regulation 4.5 and thereby avoid being classified as a "commodity
pool operator," a Fund will not enter into a futures contract or purchase an
option thereon if immediately thereafter the initial margin deposits for futures
contracts held by such Fund plus premiums paid by it for open options on futures
would exceed 5% of such Fund's total assets. Such Fund will not engage in
transactions in financial futures contracts or options thereon for speculation,
but only to attempt to hedge against changes in market conditions affecting the
values of securities which such Fund holds or intends to purchase. When futures
contracts or options thereon are purchased to protect
B-14
<PAGE> 62
against a price increase on securities intended to be purchased later, it is
anticipated that at least 25% of such intended purchases will be completed. When
other futures contracts or options thereon are purchased, the underlying value
of such contracts will at all times not exceed the sum of: (1) accrued profit on
such contracts held by the broker; (2) cash or high-quality money market
instruments set aside in an identifiable manner; and (3) cash proceeds from
investments due in 30 days.
Lending of Portfolio Securities
- -------------------------------
In order to generate additional income, each of the Funds may, from
time to time, lend its portfolio securities to broker-dealers, banks or
institutional borrowers of securities. A Fund must receive 100% collateral in
the form of cash or U.S. government securities. This collateral must be valued
daily by First of America or Gulfstream and, should the market value of the
loaned securities increase, the borrower must furnish additional collateral to
the Fund. During the time portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays
the Fund any dividends or interest paid on such securities. Loans are subject to
termination by the Fund or the borrower at any time. While the Fund does not
have the right to vote securities on loan, it intends to terminate the loan and
regain the right to vote if that is considered important with respect to the
investment. In the event the borrower defaults in its obligation to a Fund, the
Fund bears the risk of delay in the recovery of its portfolio securities and the
risk of loss of rights in the collateral. The Fund will only enter into loan
arrangements with broker-dealers, banks or other institutions which First of
America or Gulfstream has determined are creditworthy under guidelines
established by the Trust's Board of Trustees.
Investment Restrictions
- -----------------------
Each Fund's investment objective is fundamental and may not be changed
without a vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding shares. In
addition, the following investment restrictions may be changed with respect to a
particular Fund only by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of that
Fund (as defined under "ADDITIONAL INFORMATION - Vote of a Majority of the
Outstanding Shares" in this Statement of Additional Information).
None of the Funds may:
Purchase securities on margin except for use of short-term credit
necessary for clearance of purchases of portfolio securities and except as may
be necessary to make margin payments in connection with foreign currency futures
and other derivative securities transactions.
B-15
<PAGE> 63
None of the Funds may:
Purchase securities of any one issuer, other than obligations issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, if,
immediately after such purchase, more than 5% of the value of the Fund's total
assets would be invested in such issuer, or the Fund would hold more than 10% of
the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, except that 25% or less of the
value of such Fund's total assets may be invested without regard to such
limitations. There is no limit to the percentage of assets that may be invested
in U.S. Treasury bills, notes or other obligations issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
None of the Funds will:
1. Underwrite the securities issued by other persons except to the
extent that a Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under certain securities
laws in the disposition of "restricted securities";
2. Purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts except to the
extent disclosed in the current Prospectus of the Fund;
3. Purchase or sell real estate (although investment in marketable
securities of companies engaged in such activities and, securities secured by
real estate or interests therein are not prohibited by this restriction);
4. Purchase any securities which would cause more than 25% of the value
of the Fund's total assets at the time of purchase to be invested in securities
of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the
same industry, provided that: (a) there is no limitation with respect to
obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or
instrumentalities and repurchase agreement secured by obligations of the U.S.
government or its agencies or instrumentalities; (b) wholly-owned finance
companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their
activities are primarily related to financing the activities of their parent;
and (c) utilities will be divided according to their services. For example, gas,
gas transmission, electric and gas, electric, and telephone will each be
considered a separate industry;
5. Borrow money (not including reverse repurchase agreements or dollar
roll agreements), except that each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or
emergency purposes and then only in amounts up to 30% of its total assets at the
time of borrowing (and provided that such bank borrowings and reverse repurchase
agreements and dollar roll
B-16
<PAGE> 64
agreements do not exceed in the aggregate one-third of the Fund's total assets
less liabilities other than the obligations represented by bank borrowings,
reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements), or mortgage, pledge
or hypothecate any assets except in connection with a bank borrowing in amounts
not to exceed 30% of the Fund's net assets at the time of borrowing;
6. Enter into reverse repurchase agreements, dollar roll agreements and
other permitted borrowings in amounts exceeding in the aggregate one-third of
the Fund's total assets less liabilities other than the obligations represented
by such reverse repurchase and dollar roll agreements;
7. Issue senior securities except as permitted by 1940 Act rule, order
or interpretation thereunder;
8. Make loans, except that a Fund may purchase or hold debt instruments
and lend portfolio securities in accordance with its investment objective and
policies, make time deposits with financial institutions and enter into
repurchase agreements; or
9. Write any call options on securities unless the securities are held
by the Fund or unless the Fund is entitled to such securities in deliverable
form in exchange for cash in an amount which has been segregated for payment or
without further payment. In no event will a Fund write call options in excess of
5% of its total assets.
For purposes of investment limitation number 4 above only, such
limitation shall not apply to Municipal Securities or governmental guaranties of
Municipal Securities, and industrial development bonds or private activity bonds
that are backed only by the assets and revenues of a non-governmental user shall
not be deemed to be Municipal Securities.
The following additional investment restrictions may be changed without
the vote of a majority of outstanding shares of a Fund. None of the Funds may:
1. Engage in any short sales;
2. Invest more than 10% of the Fund's total assets in the securities of
issuers which, together with any predecessors, have a record of less than 3
years of operations;
3. Purchase securities of other investment companies, except (a) in
connection with a merger, consolidation, acquisition or reorganization, and (b)
to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or pursuant to any exemptions therefrom;
4. Purchase or retain securities of any issuer if the officers or
Trustees of the Trust and the officers or directors of its Investment Adviser
and of its Administrator, who each owns beneficially more than one-half of 1% of
the outstanding securities of such issuer, together own beneficially more than
5% of such securities;
B-17
<PAGE> 65
5. Purchase participations or direct interests in oil, gas or other
mineral exploration or development programs (although investments by the Fund in
marketable securities of companies engaged in such activities are not prohibited
by this restriction).
6. Purchase or otherwise acquire any securities if, as a result, more
than 15% of the Fund's net assets would be invested in securities that are
illiquid.
If any percentage restriction described above is satisfied at the time
of purchase, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change
in asset value will not constitute a violation of such restriction. However,
should a change in asset value or other external events cause a Fund's
investments in illiquid securities to exceed the limitations set forth above,
that Fund will act to cause the aggregate amount of illiquid securities to come
within such limit as soon as reasonably practicable. In such an event, however,
that Fund would not be required to liquidate any portfolio securities where the
Fund would suffer a loss on the sale of such securities.
Portfolio Turnover
- ------------------
The portfolio turnover rate for each of the Funds is calculated by
dividing the lesser of a Fund's purchases or sales of portfolio securities for
the year by the monthly average value of the securities. The SEC requires that
the calculation exclude all securities whose maturities at the time of
acquisition are one year or less.
Portfolio turnover rates for each of the Funds for the fiscal years
ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FISCAL YEAR ENDED FISCAL YEAR ENDED
FUND DECEMBER 31, 1997 DECEMBER 31, 1996
<S> <C> <C>
Small Capitalization 51% 60%
Mid Capitalization 55% 127%
Bond 144% 492%
International 34% 65%
</TABLE>
The portfolio turnover rates for the Funds of the Trust may vary
greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year, and may also be
affected by cash requirements for redemption of shares. The decrease in
portfolio turnover for the Mid Capitalization Fund for the year ended December
31, 1997 represented a return to the expected range for that Fund following the
previous year's adjustment of investment strategy. The decrease in portfolio
turnover rate for the Bond Fund for the same period was primarily due to the
decrease in volatility of fixed income securities market versus 1996. The
decrease in portfolio turnover for the International Fund, which was lower than
the expected range between 50% and 75%, resulted from the fact that country
allocation for the Fund remained relatively stable throughout the year and
performance of most of the companies held in the portfolio met Gulfstream's
expectations.
B-18
<PAGE> 66
High portfolio turnover rates will generally result in higher
transaction costs to a Fund, including brokerage commissions, and may result in
additional tax consequences to a Fund's shareholders. Portfolio turnover will
not be a limiting factor in making investment decisions.
NET ASSET VALUE
As indicated in the Prospectus, the net asset value of each Fund is
determined and the shares of each Fund are priced as of the Valuation Times
defined in the Prospectus on each Business Day of the Trust. A "Business Day" is
a day on which the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") is open for trading and
the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago is open, and any other day other than the
day in which no shares of the Fund are tendered for redemption and no order to
purchase any shares is received. Currently, the NYSE will not be open in
observance of the following holidays: New Year's Day, President's Day, Good
Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas.
B-19
<PAGE> 67
Valuation of the Funds
- ----------------------
Portfolio securities, the principal market for which is a securities
exchange, will be valued at the closing sales price on that exchange on the day
of computation or, if there have been no sales during such day, at the latest
bid quotation. Portfolio securities, the principal market for which is not a
securities exchange, will be valued at their latest bid quotation in such
principal market. In either case, if no such bid price is available then such
securities will be valued in good faith at their respective fair market values
using methods by or under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
Portfolio securities with a remaining maturity of 60 days or less will be valued
either at amortized cost or original cost plus accrued interest, which
approximates current value.
All other assets and securities, including securities for which market
quotations are not readily available, will be valued at their fair value as
determined in good faith under the general supervision of the Board of Trustees
of the Trust.
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION
Shares of the Funds are sold on a continuous basis by the Trust's
distributor BISYS Fund Services Limited Partnership d/b/a BISYS Fund Services
(the "Distributor" or "BISYS"). As described in the Prospectus, shares of the
Funds are sold and redeemed at their net asset value as next determined after
receipt of the purchase or redemption order. Each purchase is confirmed to a
separate account in a written statement of the number of shares purchased and
the aggregate number of shares currently held.
The Trust may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of
payment for shares during any period when: (a) trading on the NYSE is restricted
by applicable rules and regulations of the SEC; (b) the NYSE is closed for other
than customary weekend and holiday closings; (c) the SEC has by order permitted
such suspensions; or (d) an emergency exists as a result of which: (i) disposal
by the Trust of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable, or (ii) it
is not reasonably practicable for the Trust to determine the fair market value
of its net assets.
B-20
<PAGE> 68
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
Trustees and Officers
- ---------------------
Overall responsibility for management of the Trust rests with its Board
of Trustees, who are elected by the shareholders of the Trust's Funds. The
Trustees elect the officers of the Trust to supervise actively its day-to-day
operations. Two officers of the Trust, James R. Schmank and Brenda M. Harwood
also serve as Trustees.
The names of the Trustees and officers, their addresses and their
principal occupations during the past 5 years are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Principal Occupation During
Names, Addresses and Birthdates Position(s) With Trust Past Five Years
- ------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
John B. Rapp* Chairman of the Board and Retired April, 1998; from 1989
2310 Plymouth Trustee to 1998, Executive Vice
Kalamazoo, MI 49008 President, First of America Bank
11/3/36 Corporation
James R. Schmank* Trustee and Vice President From September 1988 to present,
Security Management Company Senior Vice President, Treasurer,
700 Harrison Street Chief Financial Officer and
Topeka, KS 66636-0001 Director, Security Management
2/21/53 Company
Brenda M. Harwood* Trustee and Assistant From December 1987 to present,
Security Management Company Secretary and Assistant Assistant Vice President,
700 Harrison Street Treasurer Assistant Treasurer and Assistant
Topeka, KS 66636-0001 Secretary, Security Management
11/3/63 Company
Robert M. Beam Trustee From January 1985 to present,
Western Michigan University Vice President for Business &
300 Seibert Admin. Building Finance and Treasurer, Western
Kalamazoo, MI 49008 Michigan University
8/02/43
</TABLE>
B-21
<PAGE> 69
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Adrian Charles Edwards Trustee From 1964 to present, Professor
Haworth College of Business of Finance and Commercial Law,
Western Michigan University Western Michigan University;
3289 Schneider Hall since 1977, owner, Economic and
Kalamazoo, MI 49008 Financial Analysis (financial
4/22/36 consulting)
Lawrence D. Bryan Trustee From August 1, 1996 to present,
1701 Whaley Road Self-Employed Educational
Coldwater, MI 49036 Consultant; from 1990 to July 31,
1/30/45 1996, President, Kalamazoo College.
Hugh D. Fanning President From August 1992 to present,
BISYS Fund Services employee of BISYS.
3435 Stelzer Road
Columbus, OH 43219
J. David Huber Vice President From June 1987 to present,
BISYS Fund Services Executive Vice President of
3435 Stelzer Road BISYS.
Columbus, OH 43219
5/3/46
William J. Tomko Vice President From April 1987 to present,
BISYS Fund Services employee of BISYS.
3435 Stelzer Road
Columbus, OH 43219
8/30/58
Brian D. Barker Vice President From February 1993 to present,
BISYS Fund Services employee of BISYS; from
157 S. Mall Plaza November 1989 to February
Kalamazoo, MI 49007 1993, Direct Lending Manager,
2/4/58 Banc One.
Dana A. Gentile Vice President From December 1987 to present,
BISYS Fund Services employee of BISYS.
3435 Stelzer Road
Columbus, OH 43219
10/4/62
</TABLE>
B-22
<PAGE> 70
* Denotes Trustees who are "interested persons" of the Trust as defined in the
1940 Act.
The Trust paid an aggregate of $15,000 in Trustees' fees and expenses
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 to all Trustees of the Trust who
served during that year. Messrs. Beam, Bryan, Edwards and Rapp also serve as
Trustees of The Parkstone Group of Funds, an open-end investment company managed
by the Trust's Investment Adviser. The following table depicts, for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1997, the compensation received by each of the Trustees
from the Trust and in total from all investment companies managed by the
Investment Adviser to the Trust.
COMPENSATION TABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Total
Compensation
Pension or From Trust and
Aggregate Retirement Benefits Estimated Annual The Parkstone
Compensation Accrued as Part of Benefits Upon Group of Funds
Name of Trustee from the Trust Fund Expenses Retirement Paid to Trustees
--------------- -------------- ------------- ---------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
John B. Rapp* None None None None
Robert M. Beam $5,000 None None $26,750
Lawrence D. Bryan $5,000 None None $22,000
Adrian Charles Edwards $5,000 None None $26,750
James R. Schmank None None None None
Brenda M. Harwood None None None None
</TABLE>
B-23
<PAGE> 71
As Administrator, BISYS receives fees from the Trust. BISYS also
receives fees from the Trust for acting as Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant.
The officers of the Trust, Messrs. Fanning, Huber, Tomko, Barker, and Bhatt as
well as Ms. Gentile, are employees of BISYS and receive no compensation directly
from the Trust for performing the duties of their offices.
Each Trustee who is not an affiliated person of BISYS or National City
Corporation ("National City") receives annual compensation and compensation for
meeting attendance from the Trust for his services as a Trustee and is
reimbursed for expenses incurred in attending meetings. Mr. Rapp was formerly an
employee of First of America Bank Corporation, which merged with National City
on April 1, 1998, and a director of First of America. Effective upon his
retirement, he began receiving compensation from the Trust for acting as a
Trustee.
Investment Adviser and Subadviser
- ---------------------------------
Subject to the general supervision of the Trust's Board of Trustees and
in accordance with the Fund's investment objectives and restrictions, investment
advisory services are provided to the Funds of the Trust by First of America,
303 North Rose Street, Suite 500, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, pursuant to two
Investment Advisory Agreements dated August 18, 1993 (the "Investment Advisory
Agreements"). The first Investment Advisory Agreement relates to the management
of the Small Capitalization Fund, the Mid Capitalization Fund and the Bond Fund
(the "First Investment Advisory Agreement"), while the second Investment
Advisory Agreement (the "Second Investment Advisory Agreement") relates to the
management of the International Fund.
First of America is a wholly-owned subsidiary of First of America Bank,
N.A. ("FOA"), which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of National City, a
publicly-held bank holding company.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreements, First of America has agreed
to provide, either directly or through one or more subadvisers, investment
advisory services for each of the Trust's Funds as described in the Prospectus.
For the services provided and the expenses assumed pursuant to the Investment
Advisory Agreements each of the Trust's Funds pays First of America a fee,
computed daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate calculated as a percentage of
the average daily net assets of that Fund. The annual rates for the Funds are as
follows: 1.00% for the Small Capitalization Fund and the Mid Capitalization
Fund; 0.74% for the Bond Fund; and, for the International Fund, 1.25% of the
first $50 million of the International Fund's average daily net assets, 1.20% of
average daily net
B-24
<PAGE> 72
assets between $50 million and $100 million, 1.15% of average daily net assets
between $100 million and $400 million, and 1.05% of average daily net assets
above $400 million. While the fees for the Small Capitalization Fund, Mid
Capitalization Fund and International Fund are higher than the advisory fees
paid by most mutual funds, the Board of Trustees of the Trust believes them to
be comparable to advisory fees paid by many funds having objectives and policies
similar to these Funds. First of America may periodically voluntarily reduce all
or a portion of its advisory fee with respect to any Fund to increase the net
income of one or more of the Funds available for distribution as dividends.
Pursuant to each of the Investment Advisory Agreements, First of
America will pay all expenses, including, as applicable, the compensation of any
subadvisers directly appointed by it, incurred by it in connection with its
activities under the Investment Advisory Agreements other than the cost of
securities (including brokerage commissions) if any, purchased for the Trust.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, First of
America collected and voluntarily reduced the amounts indicated below which were
payable to it with respect to its advisory services to the indicated Funds:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
January 1, 1997 to January 1, 1996 to January 1, 1995 to
December 31, 1997 December 31, 1996 December 31, 1995
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
Gross Fees Gross Fees Gross Fees
Fees Voluntarily Fees Voluntarily Fees Voluntarily
Fund Collected Reduced Collected Reduced Collected Reduced
- ---- --------- ------- --------- ------- --------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Small Capitalization $256,828 $0 $189,694 $0 $99,935 $0
Mid Capitalization $278,450 $0 $200,885 $0 $119,192 $0
Bond $78,638 $0 $59,493 $0 $40,840 $0
International $239,144 $0 $177,635 $0 $129,924 $0
</TABLE>
Pursuant to the terms of the Trust's Second Investment Advisory
Agreement, First of America may retain a subadviser to manage the investment and
reinvestment of the assets of the International Fund, subject to the direction
and control of the Trust's Board of Trustees.
Pursuant to a Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement between First of
America and Gulfstream, 100 Crescent Court, Suite 550, Dallas, Texas 75201 (the
"Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement"), Gulfstream manages the investment and
reinvestment of the assets of the International Fund, subject to the direction
and control of First of America and the Trust's Board of Trustees.
B-25
<PAGE> 73
Under the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement, Gulfstream is responsible for the
day-to-day management of the International Fund. Gulfstream also has
responsibility for reviewing investment performance, policies and guidelines,
and maintaining certain books and records. First of America is responsible for
selecting and monitoring the performance of Gulfstream and for reporting the
activities of Gulfstream in managing the International Fund to the Trust's Board
of Trustees. First of America may also render advice with respect to the
International Fund's investments in the United States and otherwise participate
to the extent it deems necessary or desirable in day-to-day management of the
International Fund.
For its services provided and expenses assumed pursuant to the
Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement, Gulfstream is entitled to receive from First
of America a fee, computed daily and paid monthly, at the annual rate of 0.50%
of the first $50 million of the International Fund's average daily net assets,
0.45% of net assets between $50 million and $100 million, 0.40% of net assets
between $100 million and $400 million and 0.30% of net assets above $400
million, provided the minimum annual fee shall be $75,000.
Pursuant to the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement, Gulfstream will pay
all expenses incurred by it in connection with its activities under the
Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement other than the cost of securities (including
brokerage commissions, if any) purchased for the Trust.
Gulfstream was organized in 1991 as a Texas limited partnership by
Tull, Doud, Marsh & Triltsch, Inc., a Texas corporation ("TDMT"). TDMT is the
sole general partner of Gulfstream. TDMT is owned by C. Thomas Tull, Stephen C.
Doud, James P. Marsh and Reiner M. Triltsch. Messrs. Tull, Doud and Triltsch are
the portfolio managers and Mr. Marsh is responsible for client services with
Gulfstream. As of April 1, 1998, First of America was the sole limited partner
of Gulfstream, holding a 72% interest. As of December 31, 1997, Gulfstream had
over $808 million in international assets of institutional, governmental,
pension fund and high net worth individual clients under its investment
management. Gulfstream's portfolio management personnel average over 20 years
investment experience and over 9 years of international investment experience.
Gulfstream's investment process is designed to provide long-term growth of
capital. Like First of America, Gulfstream focuses on identifying companies
world-wide with strong balance sheets, superior operating margins and consistent
sales and earnings growth and endeavors to purchase the securities of those
companies at reasonable valuations. Gulfstream generally avoids investments in
the securities of cyclical, financial or turnaround companies, whose earnings
are less predictable and more volatile. These stock selection criteria lead
Gulfstream to invest in small to medium capitalization companies in
international markets in pursuit of superior returns from long-term growth of
capital. First of America and the Trustees of the Trust believe that
Gulfstream's style of investment management is well-suited to the investment
objective and policies of the International Fund.
B-26
<PAGE> 74
Gulfstream's investment process is designed to provide long-term growth
of capital. Like First of America, Gulfstream focuses on identifying companies
worldwide with strong balance sheets, superior operating margins and consistent
sales and earnings growth and endeavors to purchase the securities of those
companies at reasonable valuations. Gulfstream generally avoids investments in
the securities of cyclical, financial or turnaround companies, whose earnings
are less predictable and more volatile. These stock selection criteria lead
Gulfstream to invest in small- to medium-capitalization companies in
international markets in pursuit of superior returns from long-term growth of
capital. First of America and the Trustees of the Trust believe that
Gulfstream's style of investment management is well-suited to the investment
objective and policies of the International Fund.
Unless sooner terminated, each of the Investment Advisory Agreements
continues in effect as to a particular Fund for successive one-year periods
ending December 31 of each year if such continuance is approved at least
annually (i) by the Trust's Board of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities of such Fund and (ii) by vote of a majority of the
Trustees who are not parties to the Investment Advisory Agreements, or
interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party, cast in
person at a meeting called for such purpose. Unless sooner terminated, the
Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement continues in effect for successive one-year
periods ending December 31 of each year, if such continuance is approved as
described above with respect to the Investment Advisory Agreements. Each of the
Investment Advisory Agreements and the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement is
terminable as to a particular Fund at any time on 60 days' prior written notice
without penalty by the Trustees, by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares
of that Fund, by First of America or, in the case of the Sub-Investment Advisory
Agreement, on 150 days' prior
B-27
<PAGE> 75
written notice from Gulfstream. The Agreements also terminate automatically in
the event of any assignment, as defined in the 1940 Act.
The Investment Advisory Agreements and the Sub-Investment Advisory
Agreement provide that neither First of America nor Gulfstream shall be liable
for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the
Trust in connection with the performance of their duties, except a loss suffered
by a Fund resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to their
receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful
misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the respective
investment adviser or subadviser in the performance of their duties, or from
reckless disregard of their duties and obligations thereunder.
Portfolio Transactions
- ----------------------
With respect to all Funds of the Trust other than the International
Fund, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreements, First of America
determines, subject to the general supervision of the Trustees of the Trust and
in accordance with each Fund's objective and restrictions, which securities are
to be purchased and sold by a Fund and which brokers are to be eligible to
execute such Fund's portfolio transactions. With respect to the International
Fund, pursuant to the terms of the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement, Gulfstream
determines, subject to the general supervision of First of America, the Board of
Trustees of the Trust and in accordance with the International Fund's investment
objective and restrictions, which securities are to be purchased and sold by the
International Fund, and which brokers are to be eligible to execute the
International Fund's portfolio transactions.
Purchases and sales of portfolio securities which are debt securities
usually are principal transactions in which portfolio securities are normally
purchased directly from the issuer or from an underwriter or market maker for
the securities. Purchases from underwriters of portfolio securities generally
include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter,
and purchases from dealers, serving as market makers may include the spread
between the bid and asked prices. Transactions on stock exchanges involve the
payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. Transactions in the
over-the-counter market are generally principal transactions with dealers. With
respect to the over-the-counter market, the Trust, where possible will deal
directly with the dealers who make a market in the securities involved except
under those circumstances where better price and execution are available
elsewhere.
Allocation of transactions, including their frequency, to various
brokers and dealers is determined by First of America and Gulfstream in their
best judgment and in the manner deemed fair and reasonable to shareholders. The
primary consideration is prompt execution of orders in an effective manner at
the most favorable price. Subject to this consideration, brokers and dealers who
provide supplemental investment research to First of America or Gulfstream may
receive orders for transactions on behalf of the Trust. Information so received
is in addition to and not in lieu of services required to be performed by First
of America or Gulfstream and does not reduce the fees payable to such advisers
by the Trust or First of America, as the case may be. Such information may be
useful to First of America or Gulfstream in serving both the Trust
B-28
<PAGE> 76
and other clients and, conversely, supplemental information obtained by the
placement of business of other clients may be useful to such advisers in
carrying out their obligations to the Trust.
While First of America and Gulfstream generally seek competitive
commissions, the Trust may not necessarily pay the lowest commission available
on each brokerage transaction for the reasons discussed above. For the fiscal
years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, the Trust paid an aggregate of
approximately $204,067, $155,690 and $60,622, respectively, as brokerage
commissions on behalf of the Funds. See "INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES -
Portfolio Turnover" above.
The Trust will not acquire portfolio securities issued by, make savings
deposits in, or enter into repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements with
FOA-Michigan (the parent corporation of First of America), the Distributor, or
their affiliates, and will not give preference to FOA-Michigan's correspondents
with respect to such transactions, securities, savings deposits, repurchase
agreements and reverse repurchase agreements.
Investment decisions for each Fund of the Trust are made independently
from those made for the other Funds or any other portfolio investment company or
account managed by First of America. Any such other portfolio, investment
company or account may also invest in the same securities as the Trust. When a
purchase or sale of the same security is made at substantially the same time on
behalf of a Fund and another Fund, portfolio, investment company or account, the
transaction will be averaged as to price and available investments will be
allocated as to amount in a manner which First of America believes to be
equitable to the Fund(s) and such other portfolio, investment company, or
account. In some instances, this investment procedure may adversely affect the
price paid or received by a Fund or the size of the position obtained by the
Fund. To the extent permitted by law, First of America may aggregate the
securities to be sold or purchased for a Fund with those to be sold or purchased
for other Funds or for other portfolios, investment companies, or accounts in
order to obtain best execution. As provided by the Investment Advisory
Agreements in making investment recommendations for the Trust, First of America
will not inquire or take into consideration whether an issuer of securities
proposed for purchase or sale by the Trust is a customer of First of America,
its parent or its subsidiaries or affiliates, and, in dealing with its
customers, First of America, its parent, subsidiaries and affiliates will not
inquire or take into consideration whether securities of such customers are held
by the Trust.
Each of the Funds held from time to time during the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1997, securities of its regular brokers or dealers defined in Rule
10b-1 under the 1940 Act, or their parent companies, including those of BA
Securities, Lehman Brothers and Chase Securities. As of December 31, 1997, the
Bond Fund held $248,236 in asset-backed securities of Banc One Auto Grantor
Trust, $88,128 in asset-backed securities of Lehman FHA-Title 1 Loan Trust and
$277,148 in corporate bonds of Chase Capital Trust II.
B-29
<PAGE> 77
Glass-Steagall Act
- ------------------
In 1971, the United States Supreme Court held in Investment Company
Institute v. Camp, that the federal statute commonly referred to as the
"Glass-Steagall Act" prohibits a national bank from operating a mutual fund for
the collective investment of managing agency accounts. Subsequently, the Board
of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("the Board") issued a regulation and
interpretation to the effect that the Glass-Steagall Act and such decision: (a)
forbid a bank holding company registered under the Federal Bank Holding Company
Act of 1956 (the "Holding Company Act") or any non-bank affiliate thereof from
sponsoring, organizing or controlling a registered open-end investment company
continuously engaged in the issuance of its shares, but (b) do not prohibit such
a holding company or affiliate from acting as investment adviser, transfer
agent, and custodian to such an investment company. In 1981, the United States
Supreme Court held in Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System v.
Investment Company Institute, that the Board did not exceed its authority under
the Holding Company Act when it adopted its regulation and interpretation
authorizing bank holding companies and their non-bank affiliates to act as
investment advisers to registered closed-end investment companies. In the Board
of Governors case, the Supreme Court also stated that if a national bank
complied with the restrictions imposed by the Board in its regulation and
interpretation authorizing bank holding companies and their non-bank affiliates
to act as investment advisers to investment companies, a national bank
performing investment advisory services for an investment company would not
violate the Glass-Steagall Act. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency,
which has jurisdiction over national banks and their subsidiaries, has
specifically permitted national banks and their subsidiaries to act as
investment advisers to investment companies.
First of America believes that it possesses the legal authority to
perform the services contemplated by the Prospectus, this Statement of
Additional Information and the Investment Advisory Agreements without violation
of applicable statutes and regulations. Future changes in either federal or
state statutes and regulations relating to the permissible activities of banks
or bank holding companies and the subsidiaries or affiliates of those entities,
as well as further judicial or administrative decisions or interpretations of
present and future statutes and regulations, could prevent or restrict First of
America from continuing to perform such services for the Trust. Depending on the
nature of any changes in the services which could be provided by First of
America, the Board of Trustees would review the Trust's relationship with First
of America and consider taking all action necessary under the circumstances.
Should future legislative, judicial or administrative action prohibit
or restrict the proposed activities of First of America and/or National City's
affiliated and correspondent banks in connection with customer purchases of
shares of the Trust, those banks might be required to alter materially or
discontinue the services offered by them to customers. It is not anticipated,
however, that any change in the Trust's method of operations would affect its
net asset value per share or result in financial losses to any shareholder.
B-30
<PAGE> 78
Administrator
- -------------
BISYS serves as the administrator (the "Administrator") to the Trust
pursuant to an Administration Agreement dated as of July 1, 1996 (the
"Administration Agreement"). Prior to that time, Security Management Company, an
indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Security Benefit Life Insurance Company
("Security Benefit"), was the Trust's administrator. The Administrator assists
in supervising all operations of each Fund (other than those performed by First
of America under the Investment Advisory Agreements, by Gulfstream under the
Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement, by Union Bank of California, N.A. ("Union
Bank" or the "Custodian") under the Custody and Custodian Agreements and by
BISYS under the Fund Accounting and Transfer Agency Agreement).
Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator has agreed to
maintain office facilities for the Trust; furnish statistical and research data,
clerical and certain bookkeeping services and stationary and office supplies;
prepare the periodical reports to the SEC on Form N-SAR or any replacement forms
therefor; compile data for, prepare for execution by the Funds and file certain
federal and state tax returns and required tax filings; prepare compliance
filings pursuant to state securities laws with the advice of the Trust's
counsel; keep and maintain the financial accounts and records of the Funds,
including calculation of daily expense accruals; and generally assist in all
aspects of the Trust's operations other than those performed by First of America
under the Investment Advisory Agreement, by Gulfstream under the Sub-Investment
Advisory Agreement, by Union Bank under the Custody and Custodian Agreements and
by Security Management or BISYS, as applicable, under the Fund Accounting and
Transfer Agency Agreement. Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator
may delegate all or any part of its responsibilities thereunder.
The Administrator receives a fee from each Fund for its services as
Administrator and expenses assumed pursuant to the Administration Agreement,
calculated daily and paid monthly, at the annual rate of 0.20% of the combined
average daily net assets of the Funds up to $1 billion. In the event that the
combined average daily net assets of the Funds exceed $1 billion, the parties
intend to review the level of compensation payable to the Administrator for its
administrative services. In addition, the Administrator also receives a separate
annual fee from each Fund for certain fund accounting services. From time to
time, the Administrator may waive all or a portion of the administration fee
payable to it by the Funds, either voluntarily or pursuant to applicable
statutory expense limitations.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, the
Administrator collected and voluntarily reduced the amounts indicated below
which were payable to it with respect to its administrative services to the
indicated Funds:
B-31
<PAGE> 79
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
January 1, 1997 to January 1, 1996 to January 1, 1995 to
December 31, 1997* December 31, 1996* December 31, 1995*
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Gross Fees Gross Fees Gross Fees
Fees Voluntarily Fees Voluntarily Fees Voluntarily
Fund Collected Reduced Collected Reduced Collected Reduced
- ---- --------- ------- --------- ------- --------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Small Capitalization $51,366 $0 $37,603 $0 $19,987 $0
Mid Capitalization $55,690 $0 $39,847 $0 $23,838 $0
Bond $21,254 $0 $15,952 $0 $11,038 $0
International $38,263 $0 $28,310 $0 $20,788 $0
</TABLE>
* Administration fees for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 were paid to
Security Management. Of the $130,116 in administration fees paid in the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1996, $57,773 were paid to Security Management. The
balance was paid to BISYS.
Unless sooner terminated as provided therein, the Administration
Agreement between the Trust and BISYS will continue in effect until December 31,
1999. The Administration Agreement thereafter shall be renewed for successive
five-year terms ending on December 31 of each five-year period if such
continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the Trust's Board of Trustees
or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the affected
Fund and (ii) by vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not interested
persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to the Administration
Agreement cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose. The
Administration Agreement is terminable with respect to a particular Fund at any
time on 90 days' written notice without penalty by the Trustees, by vote of a
majority of the outstanding shares of that Fund or by BISYS.
The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator shall not
be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or any loss suffered by
the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Administration Agreement
relates, except a loss from willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence
in the performance of its duties, or from the reckless disregard by the
Administrator of its obligations and duties thereunder.
Expenses
- --------
If total expenses borne by any of the Funds in any fiscal year exceed
expense limitations imposed by applicable state securities regulations, First of
America, Gulfstream (only with respect to the International Fund) and the
Administrator will reimburse that Fund by the amount of such excess in the
proportion to their respective fees. As of the date of this Statement of
Additional Information, there is no expense limitation applicable to the Trust's
Funds. Any expense reimbursements will be estimated daily and reconciled and
paid on a monthly basis.
B-32
<PAGE> 80
Distributor
- -----------
BISYS serves as distributor to the Trust pursuant to a Distribution
Agreement dated as of July 1, 1996 (the "Distribution Agreement"). Prior to that
time, Security Distributors, Inc. ("SDI"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Security
Benefit, served as distributor.
Unless otherwise terminated, the Distribution Agreement between the
Trust and BISYS will take effect on July 1, 1996, continue in effect until June
30, 1998 and thereafter continue for successive one-year periods ending June 30
of each year if approved at least annually (i) by the Trust's Board of Trustees
or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust, and (ii) by
the vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to the
Distribution Agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any
party to the Distribution Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the
purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement is terminable at
any time on 60 days' written notice without penalty by the Trustees, by a vote
of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust, or by BISYS on 90 days' written
notice. The Distribution Agreement may also be terminated in the event of any
assignment as defined in the 1940 Act.
Custodian, Transfer Agent and Fund Accounting Services
- ------------------------------------------------------
Union Bank, formerly The Bank of California, N.A., 475 Sansome Street,
San Francisco, California 94111, serves as Custodian to the Trust with respect
to each Fund, except the International Fund, pursuant to the Custody Agreement
dated as of August 16, 1993. Union Bank serves as Custodian to the International
Fund pursuant to the Custodian Agreement dated as of July 31, 1995 (the Custody
Agreement and Custodian Agreement together referred to as the "Custody
Agreements"). Union Bank's responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling
the Funds' cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities,
and collecting interest and dividends on the Funds' investments.
BISYS (formerly BISYS Fund Services Ohio, Inc., "BISYS Ohio") serves as
the transfer agent (the "Transfer Agent") for all Funds of the Trust pursuant to
a Fund Accounting and Transfer Agency Agreement dated August 3, 1996, as amended
(the "Fund Accounting and Transfer Agency Agreement"). Prior to that time,
Security Management served as transfer agent and fund accountant. Pursuant to
the Fund Accounting and Transfer Agency Agreement, the Transfer Agent, among
other things, performs the following services: maintenance of shareholder
records for each of the Trust's shareholders of record; processing shareholder
purchase and redemption orders; processing transfers and exchanges of shares of
payments and reinvestments; and assistance in the mailing of shareholder reports
and proxy solicitation materials.
In addition, the Transfer Agent provides certain fund accounting
services to the Trust pursuant to the Fund Accounting and Transfer Agency
Agreement. Pursuant to an amendment to the Fund Accounting and Transfer Agency
Agreement, effective February 12, 1997, the Trust's fee schedule is as follows.
The Transfer Agent receives an annual fee for its transfer agency services for
each Fund equal to $15,000 per Fund, payable in equal monthly
B-33
<PAGE> 81
installments. The Transfer Agent also receives an annual fee for its fund
accounting services equal to $10,000 per Fund, payable in equal monthly
installments. Each of the Small Capitalization Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund and
Bond Fund pays an additional annual fee of 0.022% of its average daily net
assets payable monthly and the International Fund pays an additional annual fee
of 0.035% of its average daily net assets payable monthly.
The Transfer Agent maintains the accounting books and records for the
Funds, including journals containing an itemized daily record of all purchases
and sales of portfolio securities, all receipts and disbursements of cash and
all other debts and credits, general and auxiliary ledgers reflecting all asset,
liability, reserve, capital, income and expense accounts, including interest
accrued and interest received, and other required separate ledger accounts;
maintains a monthly trial balance of all ledger accounts; performs certain
accounting services for the Funds, including calculation of the net asset value
per share, calculation of the dividend and capital gain distributions, if any,
and of yield, reconciliation of cash movements with Funds' custodians,
affirmation to the Funds' custodians of all portfolio trades and cash
settlements, verification and reconciliation with the Funds' custodians of all
daily trade activities; provides certain reports; obtains dealer quotations,
prices from a pricing service or matrix prices on all portfolio securities in
order to mark the portfolio to the market; and prepares an interim balance
sheet, statement of income and expense, and statement of changes in net assets
for the Funds. For such transfer agency and accounting services for the fiscal
years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, the Transfer Agent received
$151,071, $75,000 and $90,000, respectively, from the Trust. Fund accounting and
transfer agency fees for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 were paid to
Security Management. Of the $75,000 in fees paid in the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1996, $37,500 was paid to Security Management. The balance was paid
to BISYS Ohio.
Independent Auditors
- --------------------
The Financial Statements of the Trust as of December 31, 1997,
appearing in the Trust's Annual Report dated December 31, 1997, have been
audited by Ernst & Young LLP, 10 West Broad St., Columbus, Ohio 43215,
independent auditors, as set forth in their report thereon included therein and
incorporated herein by reference. The Financial Statements are incorporated
herein by reference in reliance upon such report and upon the authority of Ernst
& Young LLP as experts in auditing and accounting.
B-34
<PAGE> 82
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Description of Shares
- ---------------------
The Parkstone Advantage Fund is a Massachusetts business trust. The
Trust was organized on May 18, 1993 and the Trust's Declaration of Trust was
filed with the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on May
19, 1993. The Declaration of Trust authorizes through the Board of Trustees to
issue an unlimited number of shares and to classify or re-classify any unissued
shares into one or more additional classes by setting or changing in one or more
respects their respective preferences, conversion or other rights, voting
powers, restrictions, limitations, as to dividends, qualifications and terms and
conditions of redemption. Pursuant to such authority, the Board of Trustees has
authorized the issuance of four series of shares, each representing interest in
one of four separate portfolios: The Small Capitalization Fund, Mid
Capitalization Fund, Bond Fund, and International Fund.
The Trust's shares have no pre-emptive rights and only such conversion
or exchange rights as the Board of Trustees may grant in its discretion. When
issued for payment as described in the Prospectus, the Trust's shares will be
fully paid and non-assessable. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of
the Trust or an individual Fund, shareholders of a Fund are entitled to receive
the assets available for distribution belonging to the particular Fund, at a
proportionate distribution based on the relative asset values of the respective
Funds, of any general assets of the Trust not belonging to any particular Fund
which are available for distribution.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be
submitted to the shareholders of the outstanding voting securities in an
investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by holders of a majority of the
outstanding shares of each Fund affected by the matter. A particular Fund is
deemed to be affected by a matter unless it is clear that the interest of each
Fund in the matter are substantially identical or that the matter does not
affect any interest of the Fund. Under the Rule, the approval of an Investment
Advisory Agreement or any change in fundamental investment policy would be
effectively acted upon with respect to a Fund only if approved by a majority of
the outstanding share of such Fund. However, the Rule also provides that the
ratification of the appointment of independent public accountants, the approval
of principal underwriting contracts, and the election of Trustees may be
effectively acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting without regard to
series.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held and
fractional votes for fractional shares held and will vote in the aggregate, and
not by class except as otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable
law, or when the matter to be voted upon affects only interests of the
shareholders of a particular class. Voting rights are not cumulative, and,
accordingly, the holders of more than 50% of the Trust's outstanding shares may
elect all of the Trustees, irrespective of the votes of other shareholders.
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The Trust does not intend to hold annual shareholder meetings except as
may be required by the 1940 Act. The Trust's Agreement and Declaration of Trust
provides that a meeting of shareholders shall be called by the Board of Trustees
upon written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the outstanding
shares of the Trust entitled to vote.
The Trust's Agreement and Declaration of Trust authorizes the Board of
Trustees, without shareholder approval (unless otherwise required by applicable
law) to (a) sell and convey the assets of a class of shares to another
management investment company for consideration which may include securities
issued by the purchaser and, in connection therewith, to cause all outstanding
shares of such class to be redeemed at a price which is equal to their net asset
value and which may be cash or by distribution of the securities or other
consideration received from the sale and conveyance; (b) sell and convert the
assets belonging to a class of shares into money and, in connection therewith,
to cause all outstanding shares of such class to be redeemed at their net asset
value; or (c) combine the assets belonging to a class of shares with the assets
belonging to one or more other classes of shares of the Trust if the Board of
Trustees reasonably determines that such combination will not have a material
adverse effect on the shareholders of any class participating in such
combination and, in connection therewith, to cause all outstanding shares of any
class to be redeemed at their net asset value or converted into shares of
another class of the Trust's shares at their net asset value. However, the
exercise of such authority by the Board of Trustees may be subject to certain
restrictions under the 1940 Act. The Board of Trustees may authorize the
termination of any class of shares after the assets belonging to such class have
been distributed to its shareholders.
Vote of a Majority of the Outstanding Shares
- --------------------------------------------
As used in the Funds' Prospectus and the Statement of Additional
Information, "vote of a majority of the outstanding shares" of the Trust or the
Fund means the affirmative vote, at an annual or special meeting of shareholders
duly called, of the lesser of: (a) 67% or more of the votes of shareholders of
the Trust or the Fund present at such meeting at which the holders of more than
50% of the votes attributable to the shareholders of record of the Trust or the
Fund are represented in person or by proxy, or (b) the holders of more than
fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding votes of shareholders of the Trust or the
Fund.
Shareholder and Trustee Liability.
- ----------------------------------
Under Massachusetts law, holders of units of interest in a business
trust may, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable as partners
for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Trust's Declaration of Trust
provides that the shareholders shall not be subject to any personal liability
for the obligations of the Trust, and that every written agreement, obligation,
instrument or undertaking made by the Trust shall contain a provision to the
effect that the shareholders are not personally liable thereunder. The
Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of the Trust property of
any shareholder held personally liable solely by reason of his being or having
been a shareholder. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall,
upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for
any act or obligations of the Trust, and shall satisfy any judgment thereon.
Thus, the risk of
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the shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is
limited to circumstances in which the Trust itself would be unable to meet its
obligations.
The Declaration of Trust states further that no Trustee, officer or
agent of the Trust shall be personally liable in connection with the
administration or preservation of the assets of the Trust or the conduct of the
Trust's business; nor shall any Trustee, officer or agent be personally liable
to any person for any action or failure to act except for bad faith, willful
misfeasance, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of his duties. The
Declaration of Trust also provides that all persons having any claim against the
Trustees or the Trust shall look solely to the assets of the Trust for payment.
Additional Tax Information
- --------------------------
Individual federal income tax is computed on the basis of five
graduated tax rates of 15%, 28%, 31%, 36% and 39.6%. The benefit of personal
exemptions and the benefit of itemized deductions are phased out by a rate
adjustment for taxpayers with gross income in excess of certain threshold
amounts resulting in a marginal federal tax rate in excess of 39.6%. The maximum
tax rate applicable to corporations is 35%. Although a corporation's taxable
income of less than $10 million is subject to tax at lower rates, the benefit of
these lower rates is phased out for corporations with income in excess of $15
million resulting in a maximum effective marginal tax rate of 38%.
For non-corporate taxpayers, the maximum tax rate imposed on net
capital gains is 28%. The limitation on the deductibility of capital losses has
been retained. Capital losses may be used to offset capital gains. Individual
taxpayers may deduct up to $3,000 of capital losses each year to offset ordinary
income and excess capital loss may be carried over in future years.
The Code generally permits a corporation to deduct 70% of dividends
received from a domestic corporations. Each of the Trust's Funds will designate
the portion of any dividend distribution for which the dividend received
deduction will be allowed. The amounts so designated may not exceed the
aggregate amount of dividends from domestic corporations that otherwise qualify
for the dividends received deduction received by the Fund for its taxable year.
A non-deductible excise tax is also imposed on regulated investment
companies that do not distribute in each calendar year (regardless of whether
they otherwise have a non-calendar taxable year) an amount equal to 98% of their
ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98% of their capital gain net income
for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such calendar year. The balance
of such income must be distributed during the next calendar year. For the
foregoing purposes, a Fund is treated as having distributed any amount on which
it is subject to income tax for any taxable year ending in such calendar year.
If distributions during a calendar year were less than the required amount, a
particular Fund would be subject to a non-deductible excise tax equal to 4% of
the deficiency.
Each of the Funds will be required in certain cases to withhold and
remit to the United States Treasury 31% of taxable dividends paid to any
shareholder who has provided either an
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incorrect tax identification number or no number at all or who is subject to
withholding by the Internal Revenue Service for failure to properly report on
the return payments of interest or dividends.
Although each of the Funds expects to qualify as a "regulated
investment company" and to be relieved of all or substantially all federal
income taxes, depending on the extent of its activities in states and localities
in which its offices are maintained, in which its agents or independent
contractors are located, or in which it is otherwise deemed to be conducting
business, each Fund may be subject to the tax laws of such states or localities.
In addition, if for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify for the special
tax treatment afforded regulated investment companies, all of its taxable income
will be subject to a federal tax at regular corporate rates (without any
deduction for distributions to its shareholders). In such event, dividend
distributions would be taxable to shareholders to the extent of earnings and
profits, and would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for
corporations.
A portion of the difference between the issue price and the face amount
of zero coupon securities (the "Original Issue Discount") will be treated as
income to any Fund holding securities with Original Issue Discount each year,
although no current payments will be received by such Fund with respect to such
income. This original issue discount will comprise a part of that investment
company taxable income of such Fund which must be distributed to shareholders in
order to maintain its qualification as a registered investment company and to
avoid federal income tax at the level of the relevant Fund. Taxable shareholders
of such a Fund will be subject to income tax on such original issue discount,
whether or not they elect to receive their distributions in cash. In the event
that a Fund acquires a debt instrument at a market discount, it is possible that
a portion of any gain recognized on this disposition of such instrument may be
treated as ordinary income.
A Fund's investment in options, futures contracts and forward
contracts, options on futures contracts, and stock indices and certain other
securities, including transactions involving actual or deemed short sales or
foreign exchange gains or losses are subject to many complex and special tax
rules. For example, over-the-counter options on debt securities and certain
equity options, including options on stock and narrow-based stock indexes, will
be subject to tax under Section 1234 of the Code, generally producing a
long-term or short-term capital gain or loss upon exercise, lapse, or closing
out of the option or sale of the underlying stock or security. By contrast, a
Fund's treatment of certain other options, futures and forward contracts entered
into by the Fund is generally governed by Section 1256 of the Code. These
"Section 1256" positions generally include regulated futures contracts, foreign
currency contracts, non-equity options and dealer equity options.
Absent a tax election to the contrary, each such Section 1256 position
held by a Fund will be marked-to-market (i.e., treated as if it were sold for
fair market value) on the last business day of the Fund's fiscal year, and all
gain or loss associated with fiscal year transactions and marked-to-market
positions at fiscal year end (except certain currency gain or loss covered by
Section 988 of the Code) will generally be treated as 60% long-term capital gain
or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. The effect of Section 1256
mark-to-market rules may be
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<PAGE> 86
to accelerate income or to convert what otherwise would have been long-term
capital gains into short-term capital gains or short-term capital losses into
long-term capital losses within such Fund. The acceleration of income on Section
1256 positions may require a Fund to accrue taxable income without the
corresponding receipt of cash. In order to generate cash to satisfy the
distribution requirements of the Code, a fund may be required to dispose of
portfolio securities that it would have continued to hold or to use cash flows
from other sources such as the sale of the Fund's shares. In these ways, any or
all of these rules may affect the amount, character and timing of income earned
and in turn distributed to shareholders by the Funds.
When a Fund holds options or contracts which substantially diminish its
risk of loss with respect to other positions (as might occur in some hedging
transactions), this combination of positions could be treated as a "straddle"
for tax purposes, resulting in possible deferral of losses, adjustments in the
holding periods of securities owned by a Fund and conversion of short-term
capital losses into long-term capital losses. Certain tax elections exist for
mixed straddles, i.e., straddles comprised of at least one Section 1256 position
and at least one non-Section 1256 position which may reduce or eliminate the
operation of these straddle rules.
Each Fund will monitor its transactions and such options and contracts
and may make such other tax elections in order to mitigate the effect of the
above rules and prevent disqualification of a Fund as a regulated investment
company under Subchapter M of the Code.
In order for a Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company for
any taxable year, at least 90% of the Fund's annual gross income must be derived
from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from
the sale or other disposition of stock or securities, including gains from
foreign currencies, and other income derived with respect to the business of
investing in stock, securities or currencies. Future Treasury regulations may
provide that foreign exchange gains may not qualify for purposes of the 90%
limitation if such gains are not directly related to the Fund's principal
business of investing in stock or securities or options or futures with respect
to such stock or securities. Currency speculation or the use of currency forward
contracts or other currency instruments for non-hedging purposes may generate
gains deemed to be not directly related to the Fund's principal business of
investing in stock or securities and related options or futures. Pursuant to the
Code, a Fund is also required to derive less than 30% of its gross income from
the sole or other disposition of stock or securities held for less than 3
months. Under current law, non-directly related gains arising from foreign
currency positions or instruments held for less than three months are treated as
derived from the
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disposition of securities held less than three months when determining a Fund's
compliance with the 30% limitation. Each Fund will limit its activities
involving foreign exchange gains to the extent necessary to comply with the
above requirements.
The federal income tax treatment of interest rate and currency swaps is
unclear in certain respects and may in some circumstances result in the
realization of income not qualifying under the 90% limitation described above or
be deemed to be derived from the disposition held less than three months in
determining a Fund's compliance with the 30% limitation. Each Fund will limit
its interest rate and currency swaps to the extent necessary to comply with
these requirements.
Information set forth in the Prospectus and this Statement of
Additional Information which relates to federal taxation is only a summary of
some of the important federal tax considerations generally affecting purchasers
of shares of the Funds. No attempt has been made to present a detailed
explanation of the federal income tax treatment of a Fund or its shareholders
and this description is not intended as a substitute for federal tax planning.
Accordingly, potential purchasers of shares of a Fund are urged to consult their
tax advisers with specific reference to their own tax situation. In addition,
the tax discussion in the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional
Information is based on tax laws and regulations which are in effect on the date
of the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information; such laws and
regulations may be changed by legislative or administrative action.
Additional Tax Information Concerning the International Fund
- ------------------------------------------------------------
The International Fund may invest in non-U.S. corporations which would
be treated as "passive foreign investment companies," or "PFICs," under the Code
which will result in adverse tax consequences upon the disposition of, or the
receipt of, "excess distributions" with respect to such equity investments. To
the extent that the International Fund invests in PFICs, it may adopt certain
tax strategies to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of certain federal tax
provisions governing PFIC investments. Many non-U.S. banks and insurance
companies may not be treated as PFICs if they satisfy certain technical
requirements under the Code. To the extent that the International Fund does
invest in foreign securities which are determined to be PFIC securities and is
required to pay a tax on such investments, a credit for this tax would not be
allowed to be passed through to the International Fund's shareholders.
Therefore, the payment of this tax would reduce the International Fund's
economic return from its PFIC investments. Gains from dispositions of PFIC
shares and excess distributions received with respect to such shares are treated
as ordinary income rather than capital gains.
If, for any reason, the International Fund were treated as being a
United Kingdom ("UK") resident, the International Fund's worldwide income and
capital gains would be subject to UK tax. If, for any reason, the International
Fund were treated as having a permanent establishment in the UK, the
International Fund's UK source income (although not its capital gains) would
become subject to UK tax and certain other advantages otherwise available to the
International Fund under the double tax treaty between the UK and the US would
not be available. Provided that the International Fund is not treated as being
resident or having a
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permanent establishment in the UK, the International Fund will not incur any UK
tax liability with respect to the types of income or gains that it is likely to
receive, except with respect to income on UK securities held in the
International Fund's portfolio. The Trust believes, based upon the advice of
special counsel, that it would be highly unlikely for the International Fund, as
a result of the activities of the Fund's Subadviser Gulfstream, to be deemed or
treated as being a UK resident for UK tax purposes or having a permanent
establishment in the UK pursuant to the double tax treaty between the United
States and the UK.
Yields of the Funds
As summarized in the Prospectus under the heading "PERFORMANCE
INFORMATION," yields of each of the Funds will be computed by analyzing net
investment income per share for a recent thirty-day period and dividing that
amount by a Fund shares maximum offering price (reduced by any undeclared earned
income expected to be paid shortly as a dividend) on the last trading day of
that period. Net investment income will reflect amortization of any market value
premium or discount of fixed-income securities (except for obligations backed by
mortgages or other assets) and may include recognition of a pro-rata portion of
the stated dividend rate of dividend paying portfolio
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securities. The yield of each of the Funds will vary from time to time,
depending upon market conditions, the composition of a funds portfolio and
operating expenses of the Trust allocated to each Fund. These factors and
possible differences in the methods used in calculating yield should be
considered when comparing a Fund's yield to yields published for other
investment companies and other investment vehicles. Yield should also be
considered relative to changes in the value of the Fund's shares and to the
relative risks associated with the investment objectives and policies of each of
the Funds.
At any time in the future, yields may be higher or lower than past
yields and there can be no assurance that any historical results will continue.
For the period ended December 31, 1997, none of the Small
Capitalization Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund, Bond Fund or International Fund
advertised or quoted yield information to shareholders or in advertisements.
None of these Funds expects to quote such figures in the current fiscal year.
Calculation of Total Return
- ---------------------------
As summarized in the Prospectus under the heading "PERFORMANCE
INFORMATION," average annual total return is a measure of the change in value of
the investment in a Fund over the period covered, which assumes any dividends or
capital gains distributions are reinvested in the Fund immediately rather than
paid to the investor in cash. Average annual total return will be calculated by:
(1) adding to the total number of shares purchased by a hypothetical $1,000
investment in the Fund and all additional shares which would have been purchased
if all dividends and distributions paid or distributed during the period had
immediately been reinvested, (2) calculating the value of the hypothetical
initial investment of $1,000 as of the end of the period by multiplying the
total number of shares owned at the end of the period by the net asset value per
share on the last trading day of the period, (3) assuming redemption at the end
of the period, and (4) dividing this account value for the hypothetical investor
by the initial $1,000 investment and annualizing the result for periods of less
than one year.
For the one-year period ending December 31, 1997 and the period from
commencement of operations (September 23, 1993) to December 31, 1997, the
average annual total returns for the Funds were: Small Capitalization Fund,
(5.47%)% and 16.56%%; Mid Capitalization Fund, 12.58%% and 12.32%%; Bond Fund,
7.69%% and 4.54%%; and International Fund 2.13%% and 5.32%%.
Performance Comparisons
Investors may judge the performance of the Funds by comparing their
performance to the performance of other mutual funds or mutual fund portfolios
with comparable investment objectives and policies through various mutual fund
or market indices such as the Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE Index
and those prepared by Dow-Jones & Co., Inc., Standard & Poor's Corporation,
Shearson-Lehman Brothers, Inc. and the Russell 2000 Index and
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to data prepared by Lipper Analytical Services, Inc. a widely recognized
independent service which monitors the performance of mutual funds, Morningstar,
Inc. and the Consumer Price Index. Comparisons may also be made to indices or
data published in Money Magazine, Forbes, Barron's, The Wall Street Journal, The
Bond Buyer's Weekly, 20-Bond Index, The Bond Buyer's Index, The Bond Buyer, The
New York Times, Business Week, Pensions and Investments, and USA Today. In
addition to performance information, general information about these Funds that
appears in a publication such as those mentioned above, may be included in
advertisements and in reports to shareholders.
From time to time, the Funds may include the following types of
information in advertisements, supplemental sales literature and reports to
shareholders: (1) discussions of general economic or financial principles (such
as the effects of compounding and the benefits of dollar-cost averaging); (2)
discussions of general economic trend; (3) presentations of statistical data to
supplement such discussions; (4) descriptions of past or anticipated portfolio
holdings for one or more of the Funds within the Trust; (5) descriptions of
investment strategies for one or more of the Funds; (6) descriptions or
comparisons of various savings and investment policies (including, but not
limited to, insured bank products, annuities, qualified retirement plans and
individual stocks and bonds), which may or may not include the Funds; (7)
comparisons of investment products (including the Funds) with relevant market or
industry indices or other appropriate benchmarks; and (8) discussions of fund
rankings or ratings by recognized rating organizations. The Funds may also
include calculations, such as hypothetical compounding examples which describe
hypothetical investment results in such communications. Such performance
examples will be based on an express set of assumptions and are not indicative
of the performance of any of the Funds.
Morningstar, Inc., Chicago, Illinois rates mutual funds on a one- to
five-star rating scale with five stars representing the highest rating. Such
ratings are based on a fund's historical risk/reward ratio as determined by
Morningstar relative to other funds in that fund's class. Funds are divided into
classes based upon the respective investment objectives. The one- to five-star
ratings represent the following ratings by Morningstar, respectively: Lowest,
Below Average, Neutral, Above Average and Highest.
Current yields or performance will fluctuate from time to time and are
not necessarily representative of future results. Accordingly a Fund's yield or
performance may not provide for comparison with bank deposits or other
investments which provide fixed returns for a stated period of time. Yield and
performance are functions of a Fund's quality, composition and maturity as well
as expenses allocated to the Fund. Fees imposed on customer accounts by the
Investment Adviser or its affiliated or correspondent banks or cash management
services will reduce a Fund's effective yield to its customers.
Miscellaneous
- -------------
Individual Trustees are elected by the shareholders and, subject to
removal by a vote of two-thirds of the Board of Trustees, serve for a term
lasting until the next meeting of
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shareholders at which Trustees are elected. Such meetings are not required to be
held at any specific intervals. Individual Trustees may be removed by vote of
the shareholders voting not less than a majority of the shares outstanding cast
in person or by proxy at any meeting called for that purpose, or by a written
declaration signed by the shareholder voting not less than two-thirds of the
shares then outstanding.
The Trust is registered with the SEC as a management investment
company. Such registration does not involve supervision of the management
policies of the Trust. The 1997 Annual Report and, when available, the June 30,
1998 Semi-Annual Report to shareholders of the Trust are incorporated herein by
reference. These reports include the financial statements for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 1997, and the six months ending June 30, 1998, respectively.
In addition, the Annual Report includes management's discussion of Fund
performance for the Small Capitalization Fund, Mid Capitalization Fund, Bond
Fund and International Fund, as well as line graph comparisons to appropriate
broad-based securities market indices.
The Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information omit
certain of the information contained in the Registration Statement filed with
the SEC. Copies of such information may be obtained from the SEC by payment of
the prescribed fee.
The Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information are not an
offering of the securities herein described in any state in which such offering
may not lawfully be made. No salesman, dealer or other person is authorized to
give any information or make any representation other than those contained in
the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information.
As of April 1, 1998, the Trustees and officers of the Trust, as a
group, owned, as separate account contract owners or otherwise, none of the
shares of any Fund of the Trust. As of April 1, 1998, FOA, as trustee of the
First of America Bank Corporation Employees Retirement Plan, owned beneficially
the following percentages of the Funds, respectively: Bond Fund, 19.7%, Small
Capitalization Fund, 14.8%, Mid Capitalization Fund, 11.2% and International
Fund, 34.6%. FOA may be presumed to control both the Trust and each of the Funds
because it possesses or shares investment or voting power with respect to more
than 25% of the total outstanding shares of the Trust and certain of its Funds.
As a result, National City may have the ability to elect the Trustees of the
Trust, approve the Investment Advisory, Sub-Investment Advisory and Distribution
Agreements for each of the Funds and to control any other matters submitted to
the shareholders of the Funds for their approval or ratification.
Financial Statements
- --------------------
Financial Statements describing audited financial information for each
Fund's operations since inception appear in the Trust's Annual Report dated
December 31, 1997, and on file
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with the SEC (File Nos. 33-65690 and 811-7850) are incorporated herein by
reference. The Report of Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors of the Trust,
appears therein.
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APPENDIX
The nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (individually, an
"NRSRO") that may be utilized by First of America with regard to portfolio
investments for the Trust include Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"),
Standard & Poor's Corporation ("S&P"), Duff & Phelps, Inc. ("Duff"), Fitch
Investors Service, Inc. ("Fitch"), IBCA Limited and its affiliate, IBCA Inc.
(collectively, "IBCA"), and Thomson BankWatch, Inc. ("Thomson"). Set forth below
is a description of the relevant ratings of each such NRSRO. The NRSROs that may
be utilized by First of America are, and the description of each NRSRO's ratings
is, as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, and may
subsequently change.
LONG-TERM DEBT RATINGS (May be assigned, for example, to corporate and municipal
bonds)
Description of the three highest long-term debt ratings by Moody's (Moody's
supplies numerical modifiers (1, 2, and 3) in each rating category to indicate
the security's ranking within the category):
Aaa Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best
quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and
are generally referred to as "gilt-edged." Interest payments
are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin
and principal is secure. While the various protective elements
are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are
most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of
such issues.
Aa Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by
all standards. Together with the Aaa group, they comprise what
are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower
than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be
as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other
elements present which make the long-term risks appear
somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment
attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium-grade
obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest
are considered adequate, but elements may be present which
suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the
future.
Description of the three highest long-term debt ratings by S&P (S&P may apply a
plus (+) or a minus (-) to a particular rating classification to show relative
standing within that classification):
AAA Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P.
Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely
strong.
AA Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and
repay principal and differs from the higher rated issues only
in small degree.
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A Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay
principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the
adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic
conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
Description of the three highest long-term debt ratings by Duff:
AAA Highest credit quality. The risk factors are negligible being
only slightly more than for risk-free U.S. Treasury debt.
AA+ High credit quality protection factors are strong.
AA Risk is modest but may vary slightly from time to time
AA- because of economic conditions.
A+ Protection factors are average but adequate. However,
A risk factors are more variable and greater in periods
A- of economic stress.
Description of the three highest long-term debt ratings by Fitch (plus or minus
signs are used with a rating symbol to indicate the relative position of the
credit within the rating category):
AAA Bonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest
credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong
ability to pay interest and repay principal, which is unlikely
to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high
credit quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and
repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong
as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA
categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable
future developments, short-term debt of these issues is
generally rated F-1+ (see below).
A Bonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit
quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay
principal is considered to be strong, but may be more
vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and
circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
IBCA's description of its three highest long-term debt ratings:
AAA Obligations for which there is the lowest expectation of
investment risk. Capacity for timely repayment of principal
and interest is substantial such that adverse changes in
business, economic or financial conditions are unlikely to
increase investment risk significantly.
AA Obligations for which there is a very low expectation of
investment risk. Capacity for timely repayment of principal
and interest is substantial. Adverse
A-2
<PAGE> 95
changes in business, economic, or financial conditions may
increase investment risk albeit not very significantly.
A Obligations for which there is a low expectation of investment
risk. Capacity for timely repayment of principal and interest
is strong, although adverse changes in business, economic or
financial conditions may lead to increased investment risk.
Thomson's description of its three highest long-term debt ratings (Thomson may
include a plus (+) or minus (-) designation to indicate where within the
respective category the issue is placed):
AAA The highest category; indicates ability to repay principal and
interest on a timely basis is very high.
AA The second highest category; indicates a superior ability to
repay principal and interest on a timely basis with limited
incremental risk versus issues rated in the highest category.
A The third highest category; indicates the ability to repay
principal and interest is strong. Issues rated "A" could be
more vulnerable to adverse developments (both internal and
external) than obligations with higher ratings.
SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGS (may be assigned, for example, to commercial paper,
master demand notes, bank instruments, and letters of credit)
Moody's description of its three highest short-term debt ratings:
Prime-1 Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions)
have a superior capacity for repayment of senior
short-term promissory obligations. Prime-1 repayment
capacity will normally be evidenced by many of the
following characteristics:
- Leading market positions in well-established
industries.
- High rates of return on funds employed.
- Conservative capitalization structures with
moderate reliance on debt and ample asset
protection.
- Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed
financial charges and high internal cash
generation.
- Well-established access to a range of
financial markets and assured sources of
alternate liquidity.
A-3
<PAGE> 96
Prime-2 Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions)
have a strong capacity for repayment of senior
short-term debt obligations. This will normally be
evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above
but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage
ratios, while sound, may be more subject to
variation. Capitalization characteristics, while
still appropriate, may be more affected by external
conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
Prime-3 Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions)
have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior
short-term obligations. The effect of industry
characteristics and market compositions may be more
pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability
may result in changes in the level of debt protection
measurements and may require relatively high
financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is
maintained.
S&P's description of its three highest short-term debt ratings:
A-1 This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding
timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to have
extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a
plus sign (+).
A-2 Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation
is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not
as high as for issues designated "A-1."
A-3 Issues carrying this designation have adequate capacity for
timely payment. They are, however, more vulnerable to the
adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations
carrying the higher designations.
Duff's description of its three highest short-term debt ratings (Duff
incorporates gradations of "1+" (one plus) and "1-" (one minus) to assist
investors in recognizing quality differences within the highest rating
category):
Duff 1+ Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity,
including internal operating factors and/or access to
alternative sources of funds, is outstanding, and safety is
just below risk-free U.S. Treasury short-term obligations.
Duff 1 Very high certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are
excellent and supported by good fundamental protection
factors. Risk factors are minor.
Duff 1- High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity
factors are strong and supported by good fundamental
protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
A-4
<PAGE> 97
Duff 2 Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and
company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs
may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital
markets is good. Risk factors are small.
Duff 3 Satisfactory liquidity and other protection factors qualify
issues as investment grade. Risk factors are larger and
subject to more variation.
Nevertheless, timely payment is expected.
Fitch's description of its three highest short-term debt ratings:
F-1+ Exceptionally Strong Credit Quality. Issues assigned this
rating are regarded as having the strongest degree of
assurance for timely payment.
F-1 Very Strong Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating
reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less in
degree than issues rated F-1+.
F-2 Good Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have a
satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment, but the
margin of safety is not as great as for issues assigned F-1+
or F-1 ratings.
F-3 Fair Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have
characteristics suggesting that the degree of assurance for
timely payment is adequate, however, near-term adverse changes
could cause these securities to be rated below investment
grade.
IBCA's description of its three highest short-term debt ratings:
A+ Obligations supported by the highest capacity for timely
repayment.
A1 Obligations supported by a very strong capacity for timely
repayment.
A2 Obligations supported by a strong capacity for timely
repayment, although such capacity may be susceptible to
adverse changes in business, economic or financial conditions.
Thomson's description of its three highest short-term ratings:
TBW-1 The highest category; indicates a very high degree of
likelihood that principal and interest will be paid
on a timely basis.
TBW-2 The second highest category; while the degree of
safety regarding timely repayment of principal and
interest is strong, the relative degree of safety is
not as high as for issues rated "TBW-1".
A-5
<PAGE> 98
TBW-3 The lowest investment grade category; indicates that
while more susceptible to adverse developments (both
internal and external) than obligations with higher
ratings, capacity to service principal and interest
in a timely fashion is considered adequate.
Short-Term Loan/Municipal Note Ratings.
- ---------------------------------------
Moody's description of its two highest short-term loan/municipal note ratings:
MIG-1/VMIG-1 This designation denotes best quality. There is
present strong protection by established cash flows,
superior liquidity support or demonstrated
broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG-2/VMIG-2 This designation denotes high quality. Margins of
protection are ample although not as large as in the
preceding group.
S&P's description of its two highest municipal note ratings:
SP-1 Very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and
interest. Those issues determined to possess
overwhelming safety characteristics will be given a
plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.
A-6
<PAGE> 99
THE PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE FUND
FORM N-1A
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM NO.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ITEM 24. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
(a) Financial Statements:
Included in Part A:
-- Financial Highlights
Included by reference to Annual Report in Part B:
-- Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors
-- Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of December 31, 1997
-- Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31,
1997
-- Statement of Changes in Net Assets for the years ended
December 31, 1997 and 1996
-- Schedule of Investments as of December 31, 1997
-- Notes to Financial Statements dated December 31, 1997
(b) Exhibits:
(1) Declaration of Trust of the Registrant dated May 18,
1993.(1)
(2) (a) Code of Regulations as approved and adopted by the
Registrant's Board of Trustees.(1)
(b) Amendment to Code of Regulations dated February 10,
1994.(1)
(3) Not Applicable.
(4) Not Applicable.
(5) (a) Investment Advisory Agreement between
Registrant and First of America Investment
Corporation, dated August 18, 1993, relating
C-1
<PAGE> 100
to the Prime Obligations Fund, the Equity Fund, the
Small Capitalization Fund and the Bond Fund.(1)
(b) Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and
First of America Investment Corporation, dated
August 18, 1993, relating to the International
Discovery Fund.(1)
(c) Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement between First of
America Investment Corporation and Gulfstream Global
Investors, Ltd., dated March 1, 1995, relating to
the International Fund.(1)
(6) Distribution Agreement between Registrant and BISYS Fund
Services, L.P., dated July 1, 1996.(1)
(7) Not Applicable.
(8) (a) Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of
California, N.A., dated August 16, 1993, relating to the
Prime Obligations Fund, the Equity Fund, the Small
Capitalization Fund, the Bond Fund and the International
Discovery Fund.(1)
(b) Custodian Agreement between Registrant and The Bank
of California, N.A., dated July 31, 1995 relating to
the International Discovery Fund.(1)
(9) (a) Administration Agreement between Registrant and
BISYS Fund Services, L.P., dated July 1, 1996.(1)
(b) Fund Accounting and Transfer Agency Agreement
between Registrant and BISYS Fund Services, L.P.,
dated July 1, 1996.(1)
(i) Amendment dated February 12, 1997 to Exhibit C.
(1)
(c) Fund Participation and Variable Contract Marketing
Agreement between Registrant and Security Benefit
Life Insurance Company, the Parkstone Variable
Annuity Account, Security Management Company,
Security Distributors, Inc., First of America
Brokerage Service, Inc. and First of America Bank
Corporation, dated September 10, 1993.(1)
(10) Opinion of counsel that shares are validly issued, fully
paid and non-assessable.(2)
(11) Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.*
C-2
<PAGE> 101
(12) Not Applicable.
(13) Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Security
Distributors, Inc., dated August 17, 1993.(1)
(14) Not Applicable.
(15) Not Applicable.
(16) (a) Computation of Total Returns for the Small
Capitalization Fund, the Mid Capitalization Fund,
the Bond Fund, the International Discovery Fund and
the Prime Obligations Fund.(1)
(b) Computation of Yields for the Small Capitalization
Fund, the Mid Capitalization Fund, the Bond Fund,
the International Discovery Fund and the Prime
Obligations Fund.(1)
(17) Financial Data Schedules.*
(18) Not Applicable.
(19) (a) Power of Attorney for Lawrence D. Bryan, Robert M.
Beam, Adrian Charles Edwards, James R. Schmank and
Brenda M. Luthi.(1)
(b) Power of Attorney for John B. Rapp.(1)
* Filed herewith.
(1) Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to
Registrant's Registration Statement of Form N-1A filed on or about
April 30, 1997.
(2) Incorporated by reference to Registrant's filing pursuant to Rule 24f-2
filed on or about February 26, 1997.
ITEM 25. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT
Registrant is controlled by its Board of Trustees, some of the members
of which also serve as members of the Board of Trustees of The
Parkstone Group of Funds. As of April 1, 1998, National City
Corporation ("National City"), a bank holding company which is the
successor to First of
C-3
<PAGE> 102
America Bank Corporation and the parent of First America Bank, N.A.,
may be deemed to control the Registrant because of its indirect record
ownership and beneficial ownership through its wholly-owned
subsidiaries of more than 25% of the shares of each series of the
Registrant outstanding on such date. In addition to controlling the
Registrant, National City may be deemed to control, and therefore the
Registrant may be under common control with, First of America
Investment Corporation, a Michigan corporation and a wholly-owned
subsidiary of First of America Bank, N.A.
ITEM 26. NUMBER OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
Registrant was organized primarily for the purpose of providing a
vehicle for the investment of assets received by various separate
investment accounts ("Separate Accounts") established by various
participating life insurance companies (the "Participating Insurance
Companies"). The assets in the Separate Accounts are, under state law,
assets of the Participating Insurance Companies which have established
Separate Accounts. Thus, at any time, the Participating Insurance
Companies will own Registrant's outstanding shares purchased with
Separate Account assets; however, where required to do so, the
Participating Insurance Companies will vote such shares only in
accordance with the instructions received of the contracts pursuant to
which monies are invested in the Separate Accounts. As of April 2,
1998, the only Participating Insurance Company was Security Benefit
Life Insurance Company and the number of record holders of each series
of shares of the Registrant were as follows:
Title of Series Number of Record Holders
Small Capitalization 6
Mid Capitalization Fund 4
Bond Fund 5
International Discovery Fund 5
ITEM 27. INDEMNIFICATION
Indemnification of Registrant's principal underwriter, custodian,
investment adviser, administrator, transfer agent and fund accountant
is provided for, respectively, in Section 6 of the Distribution
Agreement filed or incorporated by reference as Exhibit (6) hereto,
Section 10.1 of the Custody Agreement filed or incorporated by
reference as Exhibit (8)(a) hereto, Section 16 of the Custodian
Agreement filed or incorporated by reference as Exhibit (8)(b) hereto,
Section 8 of the Investment Advisory and Sub-Investment Advisory
Agreements filed or incorporated by reference as Exhibits 5(a), (b) and
(c) hereto, Section 5 of the Administration Agreement filed or
incorporated by reference as Exhibit 9(a) hereto, and Section 8 of the
Fund Accounting and Transfer Agency Agreement filed or incorporated by
reference as Exhibit 9(b) hereto. Registrant has obtained from a major
insurance carrier a Trustee's and officer's liability policy
C-4
<PAGE> 103
covering certain types of errors and omissions. In no event will
Registrant indemnify any of its Trustees, officers, employees or agents
against any liability to which such person would otherwise be subject
by reason of his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence in the performance of his or her duties, or by reason of his
or her reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his
or her office or under his or her agreement with Registrant. In
addition, Section 9.2 of Registrant's Agreement and Declaration of
Trust dated May 18, 1993, filed herein as Exhibit (1), provides as
follows:
9.2 Indemnification of Trustees, Representatives and
Employees. The trust shall indemnify, to the fullest extent
permitted by law, every person who is or has been a trustee or
officer of the trust and any person rendering or having
rendered investment advisory, administrative, distribution,
custodian or transfer agency services to the trustee or to the
trust or any series thereof pursuant to Article VII of this
Declaration of Trust or otherwise, and every officer,
director, trustee, shareholder, employee and agent of any such
person (all persons hereinafter referred to as the "covered
persons") against all liabilities and expenses (including
amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, and compromise, as
fines and penalties, and as counsel fees (reasonably incurred
by him in connection with the defense or disposition of any
action, suit, or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal,
in which he may be involved or which he may be threatened
while as a covered person or thereafter, by reason of his
being or having been such a covered person EXCEPT with respect
to any matter as to which he shall have been adjudicated to
have acted in bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross
negligence, or reckless disregard of his duties; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that as to any matter disposed of by a compromised
payment by such person, pursuant to a consent decree or
otherwise, no indemnification either for said payment or for
any other expenses shall be provided unless the trust shall
have received a written opinion from independent legal counsel
approved by the trustees to the effect that, if either the
matter of willful misfeasance, gross negligence, or reckless
disregard of duty or the matter of bad faith had been
adjudicated, it would in the opinion of such counsel, have
been adjudicated in favor of such person. The rights accruing
to any covered person under these provisions shall not exclude
any other right to which she may be lawfully entitled;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no covered person may satisfy any
right of indemnity or reimbursement except out of the property
of the trust if the trustees make advance payments in
connection with the indemnification under this Section 9.2.;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the indemnified covered person shall
have given a written undertaking to reimburse the trust in the
event that it is subsequently determined that he is not
entitled to such indemnification. Rights of indemnification
herein provided may be insured against by policies maintained
by the trust. Such rights of indemnification or severable, and
such inure to the benefit of the
C-5
<PAGE> 104
heirs, executors, administrators and other legal representatives of
such covered persons.
ITEM 28. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF INVESTMENT ADVISER
First of America Investment Corporation ("First of America"),
Kalamazoo, Michigan, is an investment adviser registered under the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the "Advisers Act"). First
of America is a Michigan-chartered, wholly-owned subsidiary of First of
America Bank, N.A., Kalamazoo, Michigan ("FOA"). First of America
currently manages over $16 billion on behalf of both taxable and
tax-exempt clients, including pensions, endowments, corporations,
individual portfolios and The Parkstone Group of Funds.
To the knowledge of Registrant, none of the directors or officers of
First of America is or has been at any time during the past two fiscal
years engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment
of a substantial nature, except that certain directors and officers of
First of America may also hold positions with First of America's
parent, FOA or National City Corporation (FOA's parent) or other
subsidiaries. Information relating to any business, profession, or
employment of a substantial nature engaged in by officers and directors
of First of America during the past two years is incorporated herein by
reference to Schedules A and D of Form ADV filed by First of America
pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-446).
ITEM 29. PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER
(a) BISYS Fund Services Limited Partnership, formerly known as The
Winsbury Company Limited Partnership ("BISYS") acts as
distributor and administrator for Registrant. BISYS also
distributes the securities of The Victory Portfolios, The
Victory Variable Funds, The AmSouth Mutual Funds, The Sessions
Group, The Coventry Group, The BB&T Mutual Funds Group, The
American Performance Funds, The ARCH Fund, Inc., MMA Praxis
Mutual Funds, The Pacific Capital Funds, The Riverfront Funds,
Inc., The Summit Investment Trust, The Pegasus Funds, The
Fountain Square Funds, The Kent Group of Funds, The HSBC
Funds, The Empire Builder Tax Free Bond Fund, ESC Strategic
Funds, Inc., The Eureka Funds, The Hirtle Callaghan Trust, The
Intrust Funds, The Meyers Sheppard Investment Trust, Magna
Funds, The M.S.D. & T. Funds, The Sefton Funds, The Parkstone
Group of Funds, SBSF Funds, Inc., The Infinity Mutual Funds,
Inc., The Republic Funds Trust, The Republic Advisors Funds
Trust, Variable Insurance Funds, Vintage Mutual Funds, Inc.
and The Time Horizon Funds, each of which is an investment
management company.
C-6
<PAGE> 105
(b) Directors, officers and partners of BISYS, as of December 31,
1996, were as follows:
Name and Principal Positions and Offices with Positions and Offices
Business Address BISYS Fund Services, L.P. with Registrant
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The BISYS Group, Inc. Sole Shareholder of BISYS None
150 Clove Road Fund Services, Inc. and Sole
Little Falls, NJ 07424 Limited Partner
BISYS Fund Services, Inc. Sole General Partner None
3435 Stelzer Road
Columbus, OH 43219
(c) Compensation to BISYS during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996
was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Net Underwriting Compensation
Discounts and on Redemption Brokerage Other
Commissions and Repurchase Commissions Compensation
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
-0- -0- -0- -0-
</TABLE>
ITEM 30. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS
(1) First of America Investment Corporation, 303 N. Rose Street,
Suite 500, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007 (records relating to its
functions as investment adviser); Gulfstream Global Investors,
Ltd. 100 Crescent Court, Suite 550, Dallas, Texas 75201
(records relating to certain functions of the subadviser for
the International Discovery Fund).
(2) BISYS Fund Services, L.P., 3435 Stelzer Road, Columbus, Ohio
43219 and Security Distributors, Inc., 700 Harrison Street,
Topeka, Kansas 66636 (records relating to service as
distributor).
(3) BISYS Fund Services, L.P., 3435 Stelzer Road, Columbus, Ohio
43219 and Security Management Company, 700 Harrison Street,
Topeka, Kansas 66636 (records relating to service as
administrator).
(4) Howard & Howard, Attorneys, P.C., 100 Portage Street, Suite
200, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007-4802 (Registrant's Declaration
of Trust, Code of Regulations and Minutes Books).
(5) Union Bank of California, N.A., 475 Sansome Street, San
Francisco, California 94111 (records relating to its functions
as custodian for the Funds).
C-7
<PAGE> 106
ITEM 31. MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 32. UNDERTAKINGS
(1) Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish each person to whom a
prospectus is delivered a copy of its latest annual report,
containing Management's Discussion of Fund Performance, to
shareholders upon request and without charge.
C-8
<PAGE> 107
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, Registrant has duly caused
this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereto duly authorized, in the City of Columbus, State of Ohio on the 30th
day of April, 1998.
THE PARKSTONE ADVANTAGE FUND
/s/ Hugh D. Fanning
-----------------------------
By: Hugh D. Fanning
President
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in
the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
- --------- ----- ----
/s/ Hugh D. Fanning President (Principal April 30, 1998
- ---------------------------- Executive Officer and
Hugh D. Fanning Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
/s/ John B. Rapp Chairman of the Board of April 30, 1998
- ---------------------------- Trustees
John B. Rapp*
/s/ James R. Schmank Trustee April 30, 1998
- ----------------------------
James R. Schmank*
/s/ Brenda M. Harwood Trustee April 30, 1998
- ----------------------------
Brenda M. Harwood*
/s/ Robert M. Beam Trustee April 30, 1998
- ----------------------------
Robert M. Beam*
/s/ Adrian C. Edwards Trustee April 30, 1998
- ----------------------------
Adrian C. Edwards*
/s/ Lawrence D. Bryan Trustee April 30, 1998
- ----------------------------
Lawrence D. Bryan*
C-9
<PAGE> 108
*By: /s/ Hugh D. Fanning
-------------------------------------
Hugh D. Fanning, Attorney-In-Fact
C-10
<PAGE> 109
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT NO.
(11) Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
(17) Financial Data Schedules
C-11
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 11
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the references to our firm under the caption "Financial
Highlights" in the Prospectus and under the captions "Independent Auditors" and
"Financial Statements" in the Statement of Additional Information, both
included in Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registration Statement (Form
N-1A No. 811-7850) of The Parkstone Advantage Fund and to use of our report
dated February 10, 1998, incorporated by reference therein.
/s/ Ernst & Young L.L.P.
Columbus, Ohio
April 24, 1998
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<DIVIDEND-INCOME> 172,527
<INTEREST-INCOME> 8,184
<OTHER-INCOME> (814)
<EXPENSES-NET> 424,747
<NET-INVESTMENT-INCOME> (244,850)
<REALIZED-GAINS-CURRENT> 21,346
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<PER-SHARE-GAIN-APPREC> 1.90
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<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1997
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1997
<INVESTMENTS-AT-COST> 20,991,835
<INVESTMENTS-AT-VALUE> 26,877,611
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<SHARES-COMMON-PRIOR> 1,345,998
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<APPREC-INCREASE-CURRENT> (135,425)
<NET-CHANGE-FROM-OPS> (1,130,594)
<EQUALIZATION> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-INCOME> 0
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OF-GAINS> 139,967
<DISTRIBUTIONS-OTHER> 0
<NUMBER-OF-SHARES-SOLD> 547,940
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<SHARES-REINVESTED> 7,665
<NET-CHANGE-IN-ASSETS> 2,365,248
<ACCUMULATED-NII-PRIOR> 0
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