As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 14, 1998
Registration No. 333-xxxx
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
MID-ATLANTIC REALTY TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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Maryland 6798 52-1832411
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
(State or other jurisdiction (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer Identification
of incorporation or organization) Classification Code Number) Number)
</TABLE>
170 W. Ridgely Road, Suite 300
Lutherville, Maryland 21093
(410) 684-2000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of registrant's principal executive offices)
F. Patrick Hughes, President
Mid-Atlantic Realty Trust
170 W. Ridgely Road, Suite 300
Lutherville, MD 21093
(410) 684-2000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)
Copy to:
Abba David Poliakoff, Esquire
Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger & Hollander, LLC
233 East Redwood Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
(410) 576-4067
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public: From
time to time after Registration Statement becomes effective.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being
offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following
box. |_|
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the
Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with
dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. |X|
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the
following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the
earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. |_|
____________________
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule
462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities
Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration
statement for the same offering. |_| ____________________
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to
Rule 434, please check the following box. |_|
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CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
================================================================================================================================
Proposed Proposed Maximum Amount of
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Title of Securities to be Registered Amount to be Maximum Offering Aggregate Offering Registration
Registered Price Per Share (1) Price (1) Fee
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Common Shares of Beneficial 2,864,000 $12.6875 $36,337,000 $10,720
Interest, par value $.01 per Share
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<FN>
(1) Estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee in
accordance with Rule 457(c) based on the average of the high and low
reported sales price on the New York Stock Exchange on July 10, 1998.
</FN>
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The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or
dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall
file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration
Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of
the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become
effective on such date as the Commissioner, acting pursuant to said Section
8(a), may determine.
<PAGE>
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any
representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this
Prospectus in connection with the offer contained in this Prospectus and, if
given or made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as
having been authorized by the Company, the Operating Partnership, the Selling
Shareholders or any underwriters, agents or dealers. This Prospectus does not
constitute an offer to sell or solicitation of any offer to buy securities in
any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or
solicitation. Neither the delivery of this Prospectus nor any sale made
hereunder shall, under any circumstances, create an implication that there has
been no change in the affairs of the Company or the Operating Partnership since
the date hereof or the information contained herein is correct at any time
subsequent to the date hereof.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Available Information.........................................................3
Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference...............................3
The Company...................................................................4
Risk Factors..................................................................5
Use of Proceeds...............................................................8
Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest..................................8
Description of Units.........................................................12
Registration Rights..........................................................18
Comparison of Ownership of OP Units and Common Shares........................22
Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Common Shares
of Beneficial Interest.......................................32
Selling Shareholders.........................................................38
Plan of Distribution.........................................................40
Legal Matters................................................................41
Experts......................................................................41
2
<PAGE>
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may
offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement becomes
effective. This Prospectus shall not constitute an offer to sell or the
solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of these securities
in any State in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior
to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such State.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION JULY ___, 1998
PROSPECTUS
MID-ATLANTIC REALTY TRUST
2,864,000
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest
Mid-Atlantic Realty Trust (the "Company") is a fully integrated,
self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust ("REIT") which
owns, acquires, develops, redevelops, leases and manages primarily neighborhood
or community shopping centers in the Middle Atlantic region of the United
States.
All of the Company's interest in its commercial properties are held
directly or indirectly by, and substantially all of its operations relating to
such properties are conducted through MART Limited Partnership (the "Operating
Partnership"). On July 1, 1997, the Company completed the acquisition of a
portfolio of nine shopping centers and one medical office building (the
"Acquired Properties") in the Baltimore metropolitan area from partnerships
associated with Jack H. Pechter (the "Pechter Group"). Part of the consideration
for the Acquired Properties was the issuance by the Operating Partnership to the
Pechter Group of 3,175,771 units of limited partnership interests in the
Operating Partnership (the "OP Units").
This Prospectus relates to (i) the possible issuance by the Company of up
to 2,864,000 common shares of beneficial interest (the "Redemption Shares") par
value $.01 per share ("Common Shares"), of the Company if, and to the extent
that, members of the Pechter Group tender such OP Units for redemption and (ii)
the offer and sale from time to time of up to 2,864,000 Redemption Shares that
may be issued to such persons (the "Selling Shareholders"). The Company is
registering the offer and sale by the Selling Shareholders of Redemption Shares,
but the registration of such shares does not necessarily mean that any of such
shares will be offered or sold by the holders thereof. The Company does not
currently expect to issue more than 2,864,000 Common Shares in redemption of OP
Units.
The Company's Common Shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the
"NYSE") under the symbol "MRR."
The Company will not receive any proceeds from the issuance of the
Redemption Shares or the sale of such Redemption Shares by the Selling
Shareholders but has agreed to bear certain expenses of registration of the
Redemption Shares under Federal and state securities laws other than commissions
and discounts of agents or broker-dealers and transfer taxes, if any. The
Company will acquire OP Units in the Operating Partnership in exchange for any
Redemption Shares that the Company may issue to OP Unit holders pursuant to this
Prospectus.
In order to maintain the Company's qualification as a REIT for federal
income tax purposes and for other purposes, the Company's Declaration of Trust
provides that no person may own more than 9.9% of the outstanding Common Shares.
Common Shares owned in excess of such limit shall be deemed "Excess Shares"
pursuant to the Company's Declaration of Trust, in which case the holder will
lose certain ownership rights with respect to such shares and the Company will
have the right to purchase such Excess Shares from the holder. See "Description
of Common Shares of Beneficial Interest."
-----------------------
See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 5 for certain information that
should be considered by prospective shareholders.
-----------------------
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE
SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE COMMISSION OR
ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY
IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK HAS NOT PASSED ON OR
ENDORSED THE MERITS OF THIS OFFERING. ANY REPRESENTATION TO
THE CONTRARY IS UNLAWFUL.
----------------------
The date of this Prospectus is July ____, 1998
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AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and in accordance
therewith, files reports, proxy statements and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"). Such reports, proxy
statements and other information filed by the Company can be inspected and
copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the Commission at 450
Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024, Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the Commission's
Regional Offices at 7 World Trade Center, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10048,
and Citicorp Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois
60661, and copies may be obtained at the prescribed rates from the Public
Reference Section of the Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024,
Washington, D.C. 20549. The Commission also maintains a web site that contains
reports, proxy statements and other information regarding registrants that file
electronically with the Commission. The address of such site is
http:\\www.sec.gov. The Company's Common Shares are listed on the NYSE under the
symbol "MRR" and such reports, proxy statements and other information concerning
the Company can be inspected at the offices of the NYSE, 20 Broad Street, 17th
Floor, New York, New York 10005.
The Company has filed with the Commission a Registration Statement (the
"Registration Statement") on Form S-3 under the Securities Act, with respect to
the securities offered by this Prospectus. This Prospectus, which constitutes
part of the Registration Statement, omits certain of the information contained
in the Registration Statement and the exhibits thereto on file with the
Commission pursuant to the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the
Commission thereunder. For further information with respect to the Company and
the Redemption Shares, reference is made to the Registration Statement. The
material provisions of any contract or other document referred to herein are
described in this Prospectus; statements concerning the contents of such
contracts and documents, however, are not necessarily complete, and in each such
instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed
as an exhibit to such Registration Statement, each such statement being
qualified in all respects by such reference.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The following documents heretofore filed by the Company (File No. 1-12286)
with the Commission are incorporated herein by reference:
(a) the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1997;
(b) the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
31, 1998;
(c) description of the Common Shares included in the Company's Registration
Statement on Form 8-A, dated August 24, 1993, and the information thereby
incorporated by reference contained in the Company's Registration Statement on
Form S-11, dated July 22, 1993; and
All documents filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of this Prospectus and prior to
the termination of the offering made hereby shall be deemed to be incorporated
by reference into this Prospectus and to be part hereof from the date of filing
such documents. Any statement contained in a document all or a portion of which
is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed
to be modified or superseded for purposes of the Registration Statement and this
Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in the Registration
Statement, this Prospectus, or any other subsequently filed document that is
also incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes that statement. Any
statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified
or superseded, to constitute a part of this Prospectus.
The Company hereby undertakes to provide without charge to each person,
including any beneficial owner, to whom a Prospectus is delivered, upon written
or oral request of that person, a copy of any document incorporated herein by
reference (other than exhibits to those documents unless the exhibits are
specifically incorporated by reference into the documents that this Prospectus
incorporates by reference). Requests should be directed to the Secretary, 170 W.
Ridgely Road, Suite 300, Lutherville, Maryland 21093, telephone number (410)
684-2000.
3
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THE COMPANY
General
The Company is a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed REIT
which owns, acquires, develops, redevelops, leases and manages primarily
neighborhood or community shopping centers in the Middle Atlantic region of the
United States. The Company owns and operates 30 neighborhood or community
shopping centers, one enclosed regional mall, five additional retail and
commercial properties and seven undeveloped parcels of land aggregating
approximately 125 acres (collectively, the "Properties"). The Properties have a
gross leasable area of approximately 4.5 million square feet and were 95% leased
at June 1, 1998.
All of the Company's interests in the Properties are held directly or
indirectly by, and substantially all of its operations relating to the
Properties are conducted through, the Operating Partnership. The Company
controls the Operating Partnership as the sole general partner and, therefore,
has the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business of the Operating
Partnership, subject to certain exceptions. The Company owns approximately 82%
of the OP Units. Subject to certain conditions, OP Units in the Operating
Partnership may be exchanged by the limited partners for cash or, at the option
of the Company, the obligation may be assumed by the Company and paid either in
cash or in Common Shares on a one-for-one basis.
The Company's primary objectives are to increase funds from operations
("FFO") per Common Share and to maximize shareholder value. To achieve its
objectives, the Company seeks to operate its Properties for long-term FFO
growth. The Company also acquires, develops and redevelops anchored neighborhood
or community shopping centers in the Middle Atlantic region of the United States
that provide daily necessities, consumer products or value oriented merchandise
through tenants such as super markets, drug stores, discount retailers,
restaurants and vendors of consumer goods and services.
The executive offices of the Company and the Operating Partnership are
located at 170 W. Ridgely Road, Suite 300, Lutherville, Maryland 21093, (410)
684-2000.
Securities to be Offered
On July 1, 1997, the Company completed the acquisition of a portfolio of
nine shopping centers and one medical office building (the "Acquired
Properties") in the Baltimore metropolitan area from partnerships associated
with Jack H. Pechter (the "Pechter Group"). The Acquired Properties total
approximately 1.06 million gross leasable square feet. The consideration for the
Acquired Properties was the issuance by the Operating Partnership to the Pechter
Group of 3,175,771 OP Units and the assumption of mortgage indebtedness of
approximately $84,000,000. At closing, Jack H. Pechter was elected Deputy
Chairman and a Trustee of the Company.
At the closing of the acquisition of the Acquired Properties, the Company
formed the Operating Partnership and assigned to the Operating Partnership its
interest in the Acquired Properties. As a result of this transaction, the
Company converted into an "umbrella partnership real estate investment trust" or
"UPREIT" structure, which will permit the Company to use OP Units as
consideration in property acquisitions, thereby providing certain tax deferral
benefits to sellers.
The Company, as sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, has the
exclusive power to manage and conduct the business of the Operating Partnership,
subject to certain exceptions. The Company anticipates that the Operating
Partnership will acquire additional properties in exchange for OP Units, in
which case persons that own such properties will become limited partners of the
Operating Partnership.
The Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership (the "Partnership
Agreement") provides that limited partners may have their OP Units redeemed for
cash beginning two years after issuance of the
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OP Units. In connection with the acquisition of the Acquired Properties, the
members of the Pechter Group were given the right to redeem their OP Units at
any time after one year from the closing of the acquisition. Redemptions are
subject to certain limitations in the Partnership Agreement and compliance with
the ownership limits under the Company's organization documents. At its option,
the Company may assume the payment obligation at any time and pay it in cash or,
in its discretion, may substitute Common Shares of the Company in redemption of
the OP Units on a one-for-one basis. The Company has granted registration rights
to the Pechter Group pursuant to which the Company will register Common Shares
acquired by the Pechter Group upon redemption of OP Units. The registration
statement of which this Prospectus is a part registers 2,864,000 of the Common
Shares that may be issued in redemption of the OP Units issued to the Pechter
Group. The Company does not currently expect to issue more than 2,864,000 Common
Shares in redemption of OP Units.
RISK FACTORS
In addition to the historical information contained herein, the discussions in
this Prospectus and in any prospectus supplement contain certain forward-looking
statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of the
Company's plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. The cautionary
statements made in this Prospectus should be read as being applicable to all
related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Prospectus. The
Company's actual results could differ materially from those discussed herein.
Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those
discussed below, as well as those discussed elsewhere herein. The following risk
factors should be considered carefully in addition to the other information in
this Prospectus before purchasing the Redemption Shares.
Real Estate Investment Risks
General. Real property investments are subject to varying degrees of risk.
The yields available from equity investments in real estate depend on the amount
of income and capital appreciation generated by the related properties. If the
properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating expenses,
including debt service, lease payments, capital expenditures and tenant
improvements, the Company's income and ability to make distributions to its
shareholders will be adversely affected. Income from properties may be adversely
affected by the general economic climate, local conditions, such as oversupply
of space or a reduction in demand for rental space in the area, the
attractiveness of the properties to tenants, competition from other available
space, the ability of the owner to provide adequate maintenance and insurance,
increased operating costs (including real estate taxes) and the inability of a
significant number of tenants to pay rent. Income from properties and real
estate values are also affected by such factors as applicable laws, including
tax laws, interest rate levels and the availability of financing. In addition,
real estate investments are relatively illiquid and, therefore, will tend to
limit the ability of the Company to vary its portfolio promptly in response to
changes in economic or other conditions.
Ability to Rent Unleased Space. The ability of the Company to rent unleased
space is affected by many factors, including certain covenants typically found
in leases with tenants in shopping center properties which restrict the use of
other space at a property. In addition, in the event of a default by a lessee or
sublessee in its obligations, the Company may experience delays in enforcing its
rights as lessor or sublessor and may incur substantial costs and experience
significant delays associated with protecting its investment, including costs
incurred in acquiring and making substantial improvements or repairs to a
property.
Risk of Bankruptcy of Tenants. At any time, a tenant of the Company's
properties may seek the protection of the bankruptcy laws, which could result in
the termination of such tenant's lease and cause a downturn in distributable
cash flow of the Company. In addition, a tenant from time to time may experience
a downturn in its business which may weaken its financial condition and result
in the failure to make rental payments when due.
5
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Casualty. The Company carries comprehensive liability, fire, flood,
extended coverage and rental loss insurance with policy specifications, limits
and deductibles customarily carried for similar properties. There are, however,
certain types of extraordinary losses which may be either uninsurable or not
economically insurable. Should an uninsured loss occur, the Company could lose
its investment, anticipated profits and cash flows from a property.
Debt Financing and Existing Debt Maturities. The Company is subject to the
risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risks that the
Company's funds from operations will be insufficient to meet required payments
of principal and interest, that existing indebtedness on the properties (which
will not necessarily have been fully amortized at maturity) will not be able to
be refinanced or that the terms of such refinancing will not be as favorable as
the terms of existing indebtedness. If prevailing interest rates or other
factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates on
refinancings, the Company's interest expenses would increase, which would
adversely affect the Company's funds from operations and its ability to make
distributions to shareholders. In addition, in the event the Company were unable
to secure refinancing of such indebtedness on acceptable terms, the Company
might be forced to dispose of its properties upon disadvantageous terms, which
might result in losses to the Company and might adversely affect the cash flow
available for distribution of the Company.
Competition. There are numerous developers and real estate companies which
compete with the Company in seeking properties for acquisition and tenants for
vacant space, some of which may have greater financial resources than the
Company. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to compete
favorably with such other companies.
Environmental Matters. Under various federal, state and local environmental
laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner of real property may be held liable
for costs of removal or remediation of certain conditions relating to the
presence of hazardous or toxic substances at, under or disposed of in connection
with such property, as well as certain other potential costs relating to
hazardous or toxic substances (including government fines and injuries to
persons and adjacent property). These laws often impose such liability without
regard to whether the owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of
such hazardous or toxic substances. The cost of any required remediation,
removal, fines or personal or property damages and the owner's liability
therefor could exceed the value of the property. In addition, the presence of
such substances, or the failure to properly dispose of or remediate such
substances, may adversely affect the owner's ability to sell or rent such
property or to borrow using such property as collateral which, in turn, would
reduce the owner's revenues.
Americans with Disabilities Act. The properties and any newly developed or
acquired properties must comply with Title III of the Americans with
Disabilities Act (the "ADA") to the extent that such properties are "public
accommodations" and/or "commercial facilities" as defined by the ADA. Compliance
with the ADA requirements could require removal of structural barriers to
handicapped access in certain public areas of the Company's properties, where
such removal is readily achievable. The Company believes that the properties
comply with all present requirements under the ADA and applicable state laws.
Noncompliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of
damages to private litigants. If required changes involve a greater expenditure
than the Company currently anticipates, or if the changes must be made on a more
accelerated basis than it anticipates, the Company's ability to make expected
distributions could be adversely affected. The Company believes that its
competitors face similar costs to comply with the requirements of the ADA.
6
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Dependence on the Middle Atlantic Area
Approximately 99% of the properties' gross leasable area is located in the
Middle Atlantic area. As a result, the Company will be affected more by any
adverse economic conditions in the Middle Atlantic area than would a real estate
company with properties in a number of different geographic areas.
No Limitation in Organizational Documents on Incurrence of Debt
The Board of Trustees of the Company currently has adopted a policy of
limiting its secured indebtedness to not more than 50% of the estimated value of
its properties, but its Declaration of Trust does not contain any limitation on
the amount or percentage of indebtedness, funded or otherwise, the Company might
incur. Accordingly, the Board of Trustees could alter or eliminate its current
policy on borrowing. If this policy were to change, the Company could become
more highly leveraged, resulting in an increase in debt service that could
adversely affect the Company's funds from operations and ability to make
expected distributions to its shareholders and in an increased risk of default
on its obligations.
Dependence on Key Personnel
The Company is dependent on the efforts of its executive officers,
particularly F. Patrick Hughes, President and Chief Executive Officer of the
Company. The loss of Mr. Hughes' services could have an adverse effect on the
operations of the Company. The Company has key man insurance covering the life
of Mr. Hughes in the amount of $1,000,000.
Adverse Consequences of Failure to Qualify as a REIT
The Company is treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). No assurance can be
given that the Company will continue to operate in a manner enabling it to
remain so qualified. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly
technical and complex Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial
or administrative interpretations and the determinations of various factual
matters and circumstances not entirely within the Company's control.
Furthermore, no assurance can be given that legislation, new regulations,
administrative interpretations or court decisions will not change the tax laws
with respect to qualifications as a REIT or the federal income tax consequences
of such qualifications. The Company is not currently aware of any pending
legislation which would affect its qualification as a REIT.
If in any taxable year the Company fails to qualify as a REIT, it will be
subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax)
on its taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, unless entitled to relief
under certain statutory provisions, the Company will also be disqualified from
treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which
qualification is lost. This treatment would reduce the net earnings of the
Company available for investment or distribution to shareholders because of the
additional tax liability to the Company for the year or years involved. In
addition, the Company would no longer be required by the Code to make any
distributions.
Anti-Takeover Effect of Ownership Limitations
In order to maintain its qualifications as a REIT, not more than 50% of the
Company's shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer
individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities). To ensure that
this rule is not violated and to safeguard the Company's qualification as a
REIT, shareholders are subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitations which
restrict the ownership of more than 9.9% of the outstanding Common Shares,
either in the aggregate or of any class, unless waived by the Trustees. In
addition, the Constructive Ownership Limitations restrict the ownership, under
the applicable attribution rules of the Code (which are different from those
applicable with respect to the Beneficial
7
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Ownership Limitations), of more than 9.9% of the outstanding Common Shares
either in the aggregate or of any class.
These ownership restrictions have the collateral effect of deterring
non-negotiated acquisitions of, and proxy fights for, the Company by a third
party. Limiting the ownership of the Common Shares may discourage a change of
control of the Company and may also (a) deter tender offers for the Common
Shares, which offers may be attractive to the shareholders, (b) limit the
opportunity for shareholders to receive a premium for their Common Shares that
might otherwise exist if an investor attempted to assemble a block of Common
Shares in excess of 9.9% of the Common Shares, or (c) limit the opportunity for
shareholders to effect a change of control of the Company.
Risks Inherent in Development and Acquisition Activities
The Company intends to continue development of its properties and may
acquire additional properties in the future. While the Company's policies with
respect to development and acquisition activities are intended to limit some of
the risks otherwise associated with those activities, the Company nevertheless
will incur certain risks related to delays in construction and lease-up, costs
of materials, financing availability, volatility in interest rates, labor
availability, failure to achieve anticipated occupancy levels, and the failure
of its properties to perform as expected.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The Company will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the
Redemption Shares by the Selling Shareholders but will acquire OP Units in the
Operating Partnership in exchange for any Redemption Shares that the Company may
issue to a redeeming limited partner.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
The summary of the terms of the capital stock set forth below does not
purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by,
reference to the Company's Declaration of Trust and the Company's Bylaws.
General
The Company's Declaration of Trust authorizes it to issue up to 102,000,000
Shares, consisting of 100,000,000 of Common Shares and 2,000,000 of Preferred
Shares, and such other types or classes of shares of beneficial interest as the
Trustees may create and authorize from time to time. No Preferred Shares are
outstanding and the Company has no present plans to issue any Preferred Shares.
The Declaration of Trust also provides that, subject to the provisions of
any class or series of the Common Shares other than Common Shares then
outstanding, the shareholders of the Company shall be entitled to vote only on
the following matters: (a) election or removal of Trustees; (b) amendment of the
Declaration of Trust; (c) termination of the Company; and (d) merger,
consolidation or share exchange of the Company or the sale or disposition of all
or substantially all of the Company's assets. Except for the election or removal
of Trustees, which requires the approval of holders of a majority of the Common
Shares present at a meeting at which a quorum is present, each of the other
matters requires the affirmative approval of holders of two-thirds of the Common
Shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote upon the matter. Except with
respect to the foregoing matters, no action taken by the shareholders at any
meeting shall in any way bind the Trustees.
Both Maryland statutory law governing REITs and the Declaration of Trust
provide that no shareholder will be personally liable for any obligation of the
Company. Pursuant to the Declaration of
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Trust, the Company's Bylaws further provide that the Company shall indemnify
each shareholder against any claim or liability to which the shareholder may
become subject by reason of his being or having been a shareholder, and that the
Company shall reimburse each shareholder for all legal and other expenses
reasonably incurred by him in connection with any such claim or liability. In
addition, it will be the Company's policy to include a clause in its contracts
which provides that shareholders assume no personal liability for obligations
entered into on behalf of the Company. However, with respect to tort claims,
contractual claims where shareholder liability is not so negated, claims for
taxes and certain statutory liability, the shareholder may, in some
jurisdictions, be personally liable to the extent that such claims are not
satisfied by the Company. Inasmuch as the Company will carry public liability
insurance which it considers adequate, any risk of personal liability to
shareholders is limited to situations in which the Company's assets plus its
insurance coverage would be insufficient to satisfy the claims against the
Company and its shareholders.
The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Shares is the Continental
Stock Transfer and Trust Company, located in New York, New York.
Common Shares. Each outstanding Common Share entitles the holder to one
vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, including the election
of Trustees. There is no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees, which
means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares can elect all of
the Trustees then standing for election. Holders of Common Shares are entitled
to such distributions as may be declared from time to time by the Trustees out
of funds legally available therefor.
Holders of Common Shares have no conversion, redemption or preemptive
rights to subscribe for any securities of the Company. All outstanding Common
Shares will be fully paid and nonassessable. In the event of any liquidation,
dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company, holders of Common
Shares will be entitled to share ratably in the assets of the Company remaining
after provision for payment of liabilities to creditors and preferential rights
of the Preferred Shares, if any.
Common Shares shall have equal dividend, distribution, liquidation and
other rights, and shall have no preference, preemptive, appraisal, conversion or
exchange rights.
Preferred Shares. The Preferred Shares authorized by the Company's
Declaration of Trust may be issued from time to time in one or more series in
such amounts and with such preferences, conversion or other rights, voting
powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications and terms or
conditions of redemption as may be fixed by the Trustees. Under certain
circumstances, the issuance of Preferred Shares could have the effect of
delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of the Company and may
adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of the Common
Shares. No Preferred Shares are outstanding and the Company has no present plans
to issue any Preferred Shares.
Classification or Reclassification of Common Shares or Preferred Shares.
The Declaration of Trust authorizes the Trustees to classify or reclassify any
unissued shares, including Common Shares or Preferred Shares, by setting or
changing the designations, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting
powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications or terms
or conditions of redemption of any such shares.
Excess Shares. The Declaration of Trust provides that no holder may own, or
be deemed to own under the applicable attribution rules of the Code, Common
Shares in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitations or the Constructive
Ownership Limitations (the "Ownership Limit"), and that no purported transfer of
Common Shares may be given effect if it results in ownership of all of the
outstanding Common Shares by fewer than 100 persons or results in the Company
being "closely held" within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (a
"Prohibited Transfer"). In the event of a purported transfer or other event that
would, if effective, result in Common Share ownership in violation of the
Ownership Limit, the number of Common Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit
would automatically be converted into "Excess Shares." Excess Shares are Common
Shares automatically transferred to a special trust to be maintained
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by the Company in respect of each such transfer to the extent necessary to
ensure that the purported transfer or other event does not result in Common
Shares ownership in violation of the Ownership Limit.
A purported transferee of Common Shares converted into Excess Shares is not
entitled to voting rights, except to the extent required by law, or to any
dividends, distributions or other rights as a shareholder. If, after the
purported transfer or other event resulting in a conversion of Common Shares
into Excess Shares and prior to the discovery thereof by the Company, dividends
or distributions are paid with respect to such Common Shares, then such
dividends or distributions are to be repaid to the Company upon demand. Excess
Shares will be held in trust by the Company for the benefit of the ultimate
transferee of an interest in such trust. While Excess Shares are held in trust,
an interest in that trust may be transferred by the purported transferee or
other purported holder with respect to such Excess Shares only to a person whose
ownership of the Common Shares will not violate the Ownership Limit and to whom
such transfer will not constitute a Prohibited Transfer, at which time the
Excess Shares will be automatically converted into Common Shares of the same
type and class as the Common Shares for which the Excess Shares were originally
converted. The Declaration of Trust contains provisions that are designed to
ensure that the purported transferee or other purported holder of the Excess
Shares may not receive in return for such a transfer an amount that reflects any
appreciation in the Common Shares for which such Excess Shares were converted
during the period that such Excess Shares were outstanding. Any amount received
by a purported transferee or other purported holder in excess of the amount
permitted to be received must be turned over to the Company.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
For the Company to qualify as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% of
its outstanding Common Shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or
fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during
the last half of a taxable year; the Common Shares must be beneficially owned by
100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or
during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year; and certain percentages
of the Company's gross income must be from particular activities (see "Federal
Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Common Shares of Beneficial Interest -
Federal Income Taxation of the Company"). Because the Trustees believe it is
essential for the Company to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Declaration of
Trust contains provisions that restrict the ownership and transfer of Common
Shares. The Declaration of Trust contains a number of provisions which restrict
the ownership and transfer of Common Shares and which are designed to safeguard
the Company against an inadvertent loss of REIT status. In order to prevent any
shareholder from owning Common Shares in an amount which would cause more than
50% in number or value of the outstanding Common Shares of the Trust to be held
by five or fewer individuals after the offering, the Declaration of Trust
contains Beneficial Ownership Limitations that, with certain exceptions,
restrict shareholders from owning, under the applicable attribution rules of the
Code, more than 9.9% of the outstanding Common Shares, in number or value,
either in the aggregate or of any class.
Shareholders who own, under the attribution rules of the Code that apply
for purposes of the Beneficial Ownership Limitations, more than 9.9% of the
outstanding Common Shares, in number or value, either in the aggregate or of any
class shall be required to provide the Company with information concerning their
ownership of Common Shares. In the event that such a shareholder does not
provide the Company with such information and, as a result, five or fewer
persons would, but for the exchange described below, own, under the attribution
rules of the Code that apply for purposes of the Beneficial Ownership
Limitations, more than 49.9% of the Common Shares, then, to the extent necessary
to prevent such ownership from exceeding 49.9%, Common Shares owned by such
shareholder in excess of 9.9% under the applicable attribution rules will be
automatically converted into Excess Shares on the day prior to the date that
such ownership would otherwise have risen above 49.9%, with the result that such
shareholder will not be entitled to the benefits associated with the ownership
of the Common Shares exchanged for any period following the automatic exchange.
See "Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest - General - Excess Shares"
above.
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Shareholders should be aware that events other than a purchase or other
transfer of Common Shares can result in ownership, under the applicable
attribution rules of the Code, of Common Shares in excess of the Beneficial
Ownership Limitations. For instance, if two shareholders, each of whom own,
under the applicable attribution rules of the Code, 5% of the outstanding Common
Shares, were to marry, then after their marriage both shareholders would own,
under the applicable attribution rules of the Code, 10% of the outstanding
Common Shares, which is in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation for
Common Shares. Similarly, if a shareholder who owns 9% of the Common Shares also
owns 50% of a corporation which owns 8% of the Common Shares, then the
shareholder would own, under the applicable attribution rules of the Code, 13%
of the outstanding Common Shares (one-half of the 8% owned by the corporation,
plus the 9% owned by the shareholder). Shareholders should consult their own tax
advisers concerning the application of the attribution rules of the Code in
their particular circumstances.
Under the Code, rental income received by a REIT from persons in which the
REIT is treated, under the applicable attribution rules of the Code, as owning a
10% or greater interest does not constitute qualifying income for purposes of
the income requirements that REITs must satisfy. See "Federal Income Tax
Considerations for Holders of Common Shares of Beneficial Interest - Federal
Income Taxation of the Company - Income Tests." For these purposes, a REIT is
treated as owning any stock owned, under the applicable attribution rules of the
Code, by a person that owns 10% or more of the value of the outstanding shares
of the REIT. Therefore, in order to ensure that rental income of the Company
will not be treated as nonqualifying income under the rule described above, and
thus to ensure that there will not be an inadvertent loss of REIT status as a
result of the ownership of Common Shares by a tenant, or a person that holds an
interest in a tenant, the Declaration of Trust also contains Constructive
Ownership Limitations that restrict, with certain exceptions, shareholders from
owning, under the applicable attribution rules of the Code (which are different
from those applicable with respect to the Beneficial Ownership Limitations),
more than 9.9% of the outstanding Common Shares, in number or value, either in
the aggregate or of any class. Subject to certain exceptions, the Declaration of
Trust also contains restrictions that are designed to ensure that the
shareholders who own, under the applicable attribution rules of the Code, Common
Shares in excess of the Constructive Ownership Limitations will not, in the
aggregate, own an interest in a tenant or subtenant of the REIT of sufficient
magnitude to cause rental income received, directly or indirectly, by the REIT
from such tenant or subtenant to be treated as nonqualifying income for purposes
of the income requirements that REITs must satisfy.
Shareholders should be aware that events other than a purchase or other
transfer of Common Shares can result in ownership, under the applicable
attribution rules of the Code, of Common Shares in excess of the Constructive
Ownership Limitation. As the attribution rules that apply with respect to the
Constructive Ownership Limitations differ from those that apply with respect to
the Beneficial Ownership Limitations, the events other than a purchase or other
transfer of Common Shares which can result in Common Share ownership in excess
of the Constructive Ownership Limitations can differ from those which can result
in Common Share ownership in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitations.
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers concerning the application of
the attribution rules of the Code in their particular circumstances.
For purposes of calculating the Common Shares owned by a shareholder to
determine the applicability of the Beneficial Ownership Limitations and the
Constructive Ownership Limitations, the beneficial ownership rules contained in
Regulation 13D promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, will be applied. Accordingly, all rights to acquire Common Shares and
all securities convertible into Common Shares will be deemed to have been
exercised or converted, as the case may be.
The Trustees may waive the Beneficial Ownership Limitations or the
Constructive Ownership Limitations, including the limitations applicable to
holders who own in excess of 9.9% either in the aggregate or of the Common
Shares of any class, if evidence satisfactory to the Trustees and the Company's
tax counsel is presented showing that such waiver will not jeopardize the
Company's status as a REIT under the Code and will not otherwise adversely
affect the Company. As a condition of such waiver, an intended transferee must
give written notice to the Company and must furnish such opinions of counsel,
affidavits,
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undertakings, agreements and information as may be required by the Trustees. If,
in the opinion of management, the requested waiver raises significant issues
which could adversely affect the status of the Company as a REIT for federal
income tax purposes, then the Trustees will require an opinion of counsel with
respect to such issues prior to granting the waiver. The foregoing restrictions
on transferability and ownership will not apply if the Trustees determine that
it is no longer in the best interests of the Company to attempt to qualify, or
to continue to qualify, as a REIT. Any transfer of Common Shares or any security
convertible into Common Shares that would (a) create a direct or indirect
ownership of Common Shares in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitations or
the Constructive Ownership Limitations, (b) result in the Common Shares being
owned by fewer than 100 persons or (c) result in the Company being "closely
held" within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, shall be null and void,
and the intended transferee will acquire no rights to the Common Shares.
The Declaration of Trust provides that the Company, by notice to the holder
thereof, may purchase any or all Excess Shares resulting from any transfer or
other event. The price at which the Company may purchase such Excess Shares
shall be equal to the lesser of (a) in the case of Excess Shares resulting from
a purported transfer for value, the price per share in the purported transfer
that caused the automatic exchange for such Excess Shares or, in the case of
Excess Shares resulting from some other event, the market price of such Common
Shares on the date of the automatic conversion into Excess Shares, or (b) the
market price of such Common Shares on the date the Company accepts the offer to
purchase such Excess Shares. Any dividend or distribution paid to a proposed
transferee on Excess Shares prior to the discovery by the Company that such
Common Shares have been transferred in violation of the provisions of the
Company's Declaration of Trust shall be repaid to the Company upon demand. If
the foregoing transfer restrictions are determined to be void or invalid by
virtue of any legal decision, statute, rule or regulation, then the intended
transferee or holder of any Excess Shares may be deemed, at the option of the
Company, to have acted as an agent on behalf of the Company in acquiring such
Excess Shares and to hold such Excess Shares on behalf of the Company.
All persons who own, directly or by virtue of the attribution provisions of
the Code, more than 9.9% in number or value either in the aggregate or of any
class of the outstanding Common Shares must give a written notice to the Company
containing the information specified in the Declaration of Trust by January 30
of each year. In addition, each shareholder shall upon demand be required to
disclose to the Company in writing such information with respect to the direct,
indirect and constructive ownership of beneficial interests as the Trustees deem
necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code applicable to a REIT, to
comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental agency or
to determine any such compliance.
The Ownership Restrictions may have the effect of precluding acquisition of
control of the Company unless the Trustees determine that maintenance of REIT
status is no longer in the best interests of the Company.
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
The following description of the material terms of the OP Units and other
securities of the Operating Partnership and certain other material provisions of
the Partnership Agreement, does not purport to be complete and is subject to,
and qualified in its entirety by reference to, applicable provisions of Maryland
law and the Partnership Agreement. For a comparison of the rights of partners in
the Operating Partnership and shareholders of the Company, see "Comparison of
Ownership of OP Units and Common Shares."
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General
Holders of OP Units (other than the Company in its capacity as general
partner) hold a limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, and
all holders of OP Units (including the Company in its capacity as general
partner) are entitled to share in cash distributions from, and in the profits
and losses of, the Operating Partnership.
Issuance of OP Units
From time to time, subject to and in accordance with the provisions of the
Partnership Agreement, the Company, in its capacity as general partner, may
cause the Operating Partnership to issue additional OP Units as follows:
(a) OP Units to the Company upon the issuance by the Company of
additional Common Shares and the contribution of the net proceeds thereof as an
additional capital contribution to the Operating Partnership, as provided for in
the Partnership Agreement. The Company may issue Common Shares in connection
with option plans, restricted share plans or other benefit or compensation plans
and arrangements (for example, shares issued in lieu of fees or compensation),
and the Company may issue Common Shares in payment of the redemption price of
any OP Units, without receiving any proceeds and the issuance of such Common
Shares shall nonetheless entitle the Company to additional OP Units. In such
event, the Operating Partnership shall issue a number of OP Units equal to the
number of Common Shares being issued by the Company.
In the event of any stock split, stock dividend,
reclassification, recapitalization or other adjustment in respect of the
outstanding Common Shares, the number of OP Units will be proportionately
adjusted so that the OP Units will equate to the Common Shares on a one-to-one
basis.
(b) OP Units to partners (including itself) that hold other units
of partnership interest or other securities that are convertible into or
exchangeable for OP Units, upon the exercise of such conversion or exchange in
accordance with the terms, conditions and provisions of the Partnership
Agreement.
(c) If the Company, in its capacity as general partner, creates
and administers a reinvestment program in substantial conformance with a
dividend reinvestment program which may be available from time to time to
holders of Common Shares, each limited partner holding OP Units shall have the
right to reinvest any or all cash distributions payable to it from time to time
pursuant to the Partnership Agreement by having some or all (as the limited
partner elects) of such distributions contributed to the Operating Partnership
as additional capital contributions, and in such event the Operating Partnership
shall issue to each such limited partner additional OP Units, or the Company may
elect to cause distributions with respect to which a limited partner has elected
reinvestment to be contributed to the Company in exchange for the issuance of
Common Shares. At the option of the Company, such a program may also be made
available with respect to other units of partnership interest and other
securities if and to the extent of each such partner's participation in any such
reinvestment program.
(d) In the event that the Company assumes any debt of the
Operating Partnership as provided in the Partnership Agreement, the Operating
Partnership shall issue to the Company additional OP Units and other units of
partnership interest in an amount equal to the quotient (rounded to the nearest
whole number) arrived at by dividing (i) the total debt assumed by the Company
(including any interest obligation) by (ii) the market price.
(e) In all other cases, OP Units, other units of partnership
interest, and/or other securities as determined by the Company, may be issued by
the Company in its sole and absolute discretion, to existing or newly-admitted
partners (including itself) in exchange for capital contributions or additional
capital contributions by a partner to the Operating Partnership.
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Preference Units and Other Securities
From time to time, subject to and in accordance with the provisions of the
Partnership Agreement, the Company, in its capacity as general partner, may
cause the Operating Partnership to issue "Preference Units", as defined herein.
A Preference Unit is a unit of partnership interest having such rights,
preferences and other privileges, variations and designations as may be
determined by the Company in its sole and absolute discretion, but not in
violation of the provisions of the Partnership Agreement, the Maryland Revised
Uniform Partnership Act, as amended from time to time, or of any other
Preference Unit(s), such rights, preferences and other privileges, variations
and designations to be as described in a preference certificate which must be
appended to the Partnership Agreement and distributed to all partners. There may
be more than one series or class of Preference Units having differing terms and
conditions, but all Preference Units within a given series or class shall have
the same rights, preferences and other privileges, variations and designations.
A Preference Unit may be convertible into one or more OP Units or be capable of
being valued in OP Units. With respect to each series or class of Preference
Units, the Company may also, in its discretion, determine and fix, among other
terms and conditions, any of the following: (a) the series to which such
Preference Units shall belong, (b) the distribution rate therefore, (c) the
price at and the terms and conditions on which such Preference Units may be
redeemed, (d) the amount payable in respect of such Preference Units in the
event of involuntary or voluntary liquidation, (e) the terms and conditions on
which such Preference Units may be converted, if such Preference Units are
issued with the privilege of conversion, and (f) the number of such Preference
Units to be issued as a part of such series. Once determined and fixed, however,
the terms and conditions of a particular series or class of Preference Units may
not be changed without the written consent of the holders of at least two-thirds
of the Preference Units within the class or series (or such greater percentage
as may be provided for in the applicable preference certificate).
In addition, the Company may cause the Operating Partnership from time to
time to issue such other securities, as the Company deems necessary.
Redemption Rights and Exchange of OP Units for Common Shares
Partnership Put. In accordance with the Partnership Agreement, commencing
from and after the second anniversary of the date that a limited partner is
admitted as a partner of the Operating Partnership, such partner (the "Putting
Partner") has the right (a "Partner Put") to require the Operating Partnership
to repurchase during any two-year period up to 20% of the number of OP Units
issued to such partner. The Partner Put may be exercised upon not less than 60
days prior written notice to the Operating Partnership (a "Put Notice") setting
forth the number of OP Units to be repurchased by the Operating Partnership
pursuant to the Partner Put.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions in the Partnership Agreement,
pursuant to the Agreement for Contribution of Interest (the "Contribution
Agreement"), dated April 1, 1997, among the Company, the Operating Partnership
and the limited partners constituting the members of the Pechter Group that
received the initial OP Units (the "Initial OP Units"), the holders of the
Initial OP Units have the right to exercise a Partner Put with respect to the
Initial OP Units at any time, in whole or in part, from and after the first
anniversary of the closing date of the Contribution Agreement, or July 1, 1998.
Notwithstanding the provisions of the Partnership Agreement, in the event of a
Partner Put pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, settlement for the
repurchase of Initial OP Units shall take place on the 30th day after a Put
Notice is given.
Partnership Call. In accordance with the Partnership Agreement, the
Operating Partnership has the right (a "Partnership Call") upon the death of an
individual partner or upon the termination, dissolution, liquidation or other
termination of existence of any partner that is an entity, upon not less than 30
days prior written notice (a "Call Notice") to the heirs, personal
representatives or estate of an OP Unit holder, to repurchase all or part of the
OP Units held by such partner (the "Call Partner") at any time within one year
after the later of the occurrence of such event or the date that the Operating
Partnership is notified of such
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occurrence by or on behalf of such Partner. Notwithstanding the foregoing
provisions, the Company and the Operating Partnership have agreed in the
Contribution Agreement that the Operating Partnership shall not effect a
Partnership Call with respect to the repurchase of the Initial OP Units.
Settlement. Settlement for the repurchase of any OP Units by the Operating
Partnership pursuant to a Partner Put or a Partnership Call shall take place on
the 60th day after the Put Notice is given or on the 30th day after the Call
Notice is given, as the case may be. The purchase of any OP Unit pursuant to a
Partner Put or a Partnership Call shall be at a price (the "Redemption Price")
equal to the market price per Common Share on the date the Put Notice or the
Call Notice, as the case may be, was given.
At the settlement, the Partnership shall pay to the OP Unit holder in cash
an amount equal to 10% of the Redemption Price and shall deliver to the OP Unit
holder a promissory note of the Operating Partnership in the principal amount
equal to the balance of the Redemption Price (the "Redemption Note"). The
Redemption Note shall provide, among other things, that (a) payments shall be
made in ten equal consecutive annual installments, together with interest on the
unpaid balance at an interest rate per annum equal to the rate of interest in
effect from time to time under the Company's line of credit with its principal
lender; (b) the Operating Partnership shall have an unlimited right of
prepayment without penalty; (c) at the option of the holder, in the event of
default in the payment of any installment of principal or interest, the holder
may accelerate all amounts payable under the Redemption Note; and (d) the
Redemption Note may be assumed by the Company.
Under the Contribution Agreement, however, the Company and the Operating
Partnership have agreed that, in the event of a repurchase of any Initial OP
Units pursuant to a Partner Put, the entire Redemption Price shall be paid in
cash at the time of settlement. If the obligation to pay the Redemption Price
has been assumed by the Company (see "Description of OP Units - Redemption
Rights and Exchange of OP Units for Common Shares - Assumption by the Company"),
and the Company has made an election to pay the Redemption Price in Common
Shares, all such Common Shares issuable in respect of such redemption shall be
issued at the settlement.
Assumption by the Company. The Company has the right at its option, at any
time to, assume all or any part of the Operating Partnership's obligation to
repurchase OP Units under the Partnership Agreement, to pay all or any part of
the Redemption Price, or to pay all or any part of any Redemption Note. If the
Company elects to assume any such obligation, the Company shall have the right,
upon notice to the Putting Partner or the Call Partner, as the case may be, to
pay all or part of the Redemption Price by issuance to such partner of a number
of Common Shares equal to the amount to be so paid divided by the market price
per Common Share on the date such notice is given. If the Company elects to pay
such obligation in cash, the Operating Partnership shall loan to the Company an
amount in cash equal to the obligation to be paid by the Company; in such event,
the Company shall discharge such loan by surrender to the Operating Partnership
of OP Units acquired in connection therewith.
Limit on Redemptions. Notwithstanding the provisions of the Partnership
Agreement and the Contribution Agreement, if the Company assumes the obligation
to pay all or any part of the Redemption Price and elects to make such payment
in Common Shares, then, to the extent that the delivery of Common Shares in
payment of the redemption price would result in any person, entity, or group
being the Beneficial Owner of Common Shares in excess of the applicable
Ownership Limit or otherwise cause such Common Shares to be Excess Shares, such
portion of the Partner Put shall be deemed to be canceled and neither the
Company nor the Operating Partnership shall be obligated to repurchase OP Units
or to deliver Common Shares in connection with such canceled portion of the
Partner Put.
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Tax Treatment of Redemption of OP Units
The following discussion summarizes the material federal income tax
considerations that may be relevant to a limited partner who exercises his or
her right to require the redemption of his or her OP Units. This discussion only
applies to limited partners that provide an affidavit to the Operating
Partnership, at the time their OP Units are redeemed, stating under penalties of
perjury (a) that the limited partner is not a foreign person and (b) the limited
partner's taxpayer identification number.
LIMITED PARTNERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING
THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE REDEMPTION OF THEIR OP UNITS, INCLUDING THE
FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH REDEMPTION IN THEIR
PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES AND POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE LAWS.
General. If the Company assumes and performs the redemption obligation, the
Partnership Agreement provides that the redemption will be treated by the
Company, the Operating Partnership and the redeeming limited partner as a sale
of OP Units by such limited partner to the Company at the time of such
redemption. (A limited partner's right to require the redemption of OP Units is
referred to as the "Redemption Right.") Such sale will be fully taxable to the
redeeming limited partner and such redeeming limited partner will be treated as
realizing for tax purposes an amount equal to the sum of the cash or the value
of the Common Shares received in the exchange plus the amount of Operating
Partnership liabilities (including the Operating Partnership's share of the
liabilities of certain entities in which the Operating Partnership owns an
interest) allocable to the redeemed OP Units at the time of the redemption. The
determination of the amount of gain or loss is discussed more fully below.
If the Company does not elect to assume the obligation to redeem a limited
partner's OP Units, the Operating Partnership will redeem such OP Units for
cash. If the Operating Partnership redeems OP Units for cash that the Company
contributes to the Operating Partnership to effect such redemption, the
redemption likely would be treated for tax purposes as a sale of such OP Units
to the Company in a fully taxable transaction, although the matter is not free
from doubt. In that event, the redeeming limited partner would be treated as
realizing an amount equal to the sum of the cash received in the exchange plus
the amount of Operating Partnership liabilities (including the Operating
Partnership's share of the liabilities of certain entities in which the
Operating Partnership owns an interest) allocable to the redeemed OP Units at
the time of the redemption. The determination of the amount of gain or loss in
the event of sale treatment is discussed more fully below.
If, instead, the Operating Partnership chooses to redeem a limited
partner's OP Units for cash that is not contributed by the Company to effect the
redemption, the tax consequences would be the same as described in the previous
paragraph, except that if the Operating Partnership redeems less than all of a
limited partner's OP Units, the limited partner would not be permitted to
recognize any loss occurring on the transaction and would recognize taxable gain
only to the extent that the cash, plus the share of Operating Partnership
liabilities (including the Operating Partnership's share of the liabilities of
certain entities in which the Operating Partnership owns an interest) allocable
to the redeemed OP Units, exceeded the limited partner's adjusted basis in all
of such limited partner's OP Units immediately before the redemption.
Potential Application of Disguised Sale Regulations to a Redemption of OP Units.
There is a risk that a redemption of OP Units may cause the original transfer of
property to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP Units to be treated as
a "disguised sale" of property. The Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder
(the "Disguised Sale Regulations") generally provide that, unless one of the
prescribed exceptions is applicable, a partner's contribution of property to a
partnership and a simultaneous or subsequent transfer of money or other
consideration (including the assumption of or taking subject to a liability)
from the partnership to the partner will be presumed to be a sale, in whole or
in part, of such property by the partner to the partnership. Further, the
Disguised Sale Regulations provide generally that, in the absence of an
applicable exception, if money or other consideration is transferred by a
partnership to a partner within two
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years of the partner's contribution of property to the partnership, the
transactions will be, when viewed together, presumed to be a sale of the
contributed property unless the facts and circumstances clearly establish that
the transfers do not constitute a sale. The Disguised Sale Regulations also
provide that if two years have passed between the contribution of property to
the partnership and the transfer of money or other consideration from a
partnership to a partner, the transactions will be presumed not to be a sale
unless the facts and circumstances clearly establish that the transfers
constitute a sale.
Accordingly, if an OP Unit is redeemed by the Operating Partnership, the
Internal Revenue Service (the "Service") could contend that the Disguised Sale
Regulations apply because the redeeming limited partner will receive cash or
Common Shares subsequent to his previous contribution of property to the
Partnership. If the Service were successful in making such an assertion, the
transactions in connection with the issuance of the OP Units themselves could be
taxable as a disguised sale under the Disguised Sale Regulations.
Tax Treatment of Disposition of OP Units by Limited Partners Generally. If
an OP Unit is redeemed in a manner that is treated as a sale of the OP Unit the
determination of gain or loss from the sale or other disposition will be based
on the difference between the amount considered realized for tax purposes and
the limited partner's tax basis in such OP Unit. See "-- Basis of OP Units"
below. Upon the sale of an OP Unit, the "amount realized" will be measured by
the sum of the cash and fair market value of other property received (e.g.,
Redemption Shares) plus the portion of the Operating Partnership's liabilities
(including the Operating Partnership's share of the liabilities of certain
entities in which the Operating Partnership owns an interest) allocable to the
OP Unit sold. To the extent that the amount exceeds the limited partner's basis
in the OP Unit disposed of, such limited partner will recognize gain. It is
possible that the amount of gain recognized or even the tax liability resulting
from such gain could exceed the amount of cash and the value of any other
property (e.g., Redemption Shares) received upon such disposition.
Except as described below, any gain recognized upon a sale or other
disposition of OP Units will be treated as gain attributable to the sale or
disposition of a capital asset. To the extent, however, that the amount realized
upon the sale of an OP Unit attributable to a limited partner's share of
"unrealized receivables" of the Operating Partnership (as defined in Section 751
of the Code) exceeds the basis attributable to those assets, such excess will be
treated as ordinary income. Unrealized receivables include, to the extent not
previously included in Operating Partnership income, any rights to payment for
services rendered or to be rendered. Unrealized receivables also include amounts
that would be subject to recapture as ordinary income if the Operating
Partnership had sold its assets at their fair market value at the time of the
transfer of an OP Unit.
For non-corporate holders, the maximum rate of tax on the net capital gain
from the sale or exchange of a capital asset held for more than 18 months is
20%, and the maximum rate of tax from the sale or exchange of a capital asset
held for more than one year but not more than 18 months is 28%. The maximum rate
for net capital gains attributable to the sale of depreciable real property held
for more than 18 months is 25% to the extent of the prior deductions for
"unrecaptured Section 1250 gain" (that is depreciation deductions not otherwise
recaptured as ordinary income under the existing depreciation recapture rules).
The IRS has authority to issue regulations that could, among other things,
apply these rates on a look-through basis in the case of "pass-through" entities
such as the Company. The IRS has not yet issued such regulations, and if it does
not issue such regulations in the future, the rate of tax that would apply to
the disposition of an OP Unit by a non-corporate holder would be determined
based upon the period of time over which such non-corporate holder held such OP
Unit. No assurances, however, can be provided that the IRS will not issue
regulations that would provide that the rate of tax that would apply to the
disposition of an OP Unit by a non-corporate holder would be determined based
upon the nature of the assets of the Operating Partnership and the periods of
time over which the Operating Partnership held such assets. Moreover, no
assurances can be provided that such regulations would not be applied
retroactively.
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Basis of OP Units. In general, a limited partner who received OP Units in
exchange for contributing an interest in a partnership has an initial tax basis
in such OP Units ("Initial Basis") equal to his or her basis in the contributed
partnership interest. A limited partner's Initial Basis in his or her OP Units
generally is increased by (a) such limited partner's share of Operating
Partnership taxable and tax-exempt income, (b) increases in his or her share of
the liabilities of the Operating Partnership (including the Operating
Partnership's share of the liabilities of certain entities in which the
Operating Partnership owns an interest) and (c) any gain recognized under
Section 737 of the Code due to the receipt of a distribution from the Operating
Partnership within seven years (five years in the case of contributions on or
before June 7, 1997) of a contribution of property to the Operating Partnership.
Generally, such Partner's Initial Basis in his or her OP Units is decreased (but
not below zero) by (a) his or her share of Operating Partnership distributions,
(b) decreases in his or her share of liabilities of the Operating Partnership
(including the Operating Partnership's share of the liabilities of certain
entities in which the Operating Partnership owns an interest), (c) his or her
share of losses of the Operating Partnership, and (d) his or her share of
nondeductible expenditures of the Operating Partnership that are not chargeable
to capital.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
The following description of the material terms of the Registration Rights
Agreement among the Company and the Initial OP Unit holders named therein, dated
as of June 27, 1997 (the "Registration Agreement"), does not purport to be
complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Registration
Agreement, a copy of which is an exhibit to this Registration Statement.
Shelf Registration
Pursuant to the Registration Agreement, the Company agreed to prepare and
file a shelf registration statement under Rule 415 of the Securities Act to
register the Redemption Shares. The Company agreed to use its best efforts to
cause such registration statement to be declared effective as soon as possible
after the first anniversary of the closing under the Contribution Agreement and
to keep such registration statement continuously effective for a period of four
years (the "Shelf Period"). The Shelf Period may be extended for an additional
number of days equal to the number of business days during the pendency of all
"Suspension Periods" and "Blackout Periods," as defined herein.
Demand Registration
At any time during the period beginning with the end of the Shelf Period
and ending on the earliest of (a) the completion of demand registrations for all
Registrable Securities, as defined below, held by persons entitled to
registration rights (the "Qualified Holders"), or (b) at such time as the number
of outstanding Registrable Securities is less than 300,000, or (c) the 20th
anniversary of the closing of the acquisition of the Acquired Properties (the
"Demand Period"), Qualified Holders holding at least 300,000 Registrable
Securities or such Qualified Holder holding the largest number of Registrable
Securities may request in writing (a "Registration Request") that the Company
file a registration statement under the Securities Act on Form S-3 (each, a
"Demand Registration") covering the registration of at least 100,000 Registrable
Securities. Within 10 days after the receipt of a Registration Request, the
Company is required to give written notice to all other Qualified Holders (the
"Registration Notice") of such request and permit such other Qualified Holders
to participate in such registration by written notice (the "Holder Notice")
received by the Company within 10 days after the date the Registration Notice
was given.
"Registrable Securities" defined in the Registration Agreement as all the
Common Shares held by a Qualified Holder that are: (a) issued to them upon a Put
of Initial OP Units by a Qualified Holder, or issuable to them upon the exercise
by the Company of its election to pay the Redemption Price in Common Shares, and
(b) issued as a stock split, stock dividend or other distribution or in
connection with any recapitalization or reclassification with respect to any
Common Shares referred to in clause (a); excluding
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in all cases, however, (y) any Registrable Securities sold pursuant to
registration under the Securities Act, and (z) any Registrable Securities sold
or eligible for sale without registration pursuant to Rule 144 (or similar or
successor rule) promulgated under the Securities Act.
Nothing in the Registration Agreement is intended to confer upon any person
the right to demand Common Shares upon the Put of their Initial OP Units, or to
require the Company to exercise its right to issue Common Shares in payment of
the Redemption Price.
Upon a Registration Request the Company is required to use its best efforts
to cause the Demand Registration to become effective within 45 days ("Outside
Effective Date") and to remain in effect for at least 90 days (excluding
business days during the pendency of any Suspension Period or Blackout Period.
The Company is obligated to effect only two Demand Registrations in any 12 month
period ("Permitted Demand Registrations"). If, however, Qualified Holders that
elect to include their Registrable Securities in a registration pursuant to the
terms of the Registration Agreement (a "Participating Holder") have made two
consecutive requests for a Demand Registration and no registration statements
shall have been declared effective as a result of two or more Suspension Periods
or Blackout Periods, then the Participating Holders in such registrations have
the right to make a special request for a Demand Registration (the "Third Demand
Registration") without regard to the number of prior Permitted Demand
Registrations during such 12 month period.
Demand In Connection with a Put. If a Participating Holder exercises his or
her demand rights in connection with a Put of Initial OP Units, then the Put
will not be settled for Common Shares prior to the effective date of the
registration statement. If the registration statement is not declared effective
by the Outside Effective Date, then any Participating Holder may withdraw his or
her Registrable Securities from such registration and such registration will not
count toward the number of Permitted Demand Registrations in such 12 month
period. If a Third Demand Registration request is made immediately following two
consecutive Registration Requests that have not been declared effective or have
not permitted sales due to consecutive Suspension Periods and/or Blackout
Periods, and the Third Demand Registration is not declared effective by the
180th day after the first Registration Request was made, even if such delay is
due to a Market Stand-Off Period, as defined under the Registration Agreement,
then the Company shall be required to honor the Put by payment of cash to the
Participating Holders promptly following such 180th day.
Puts by Small Holders. If a Qualified Holder puts less than 100,000 Initial
OP Units and there is not then pending, requested or proposed any registration
of Registrable Securities for any Qualified Holder, and if the Company elects to
assume the obligation of the Operating Partnership to pay the Redemption Price,
then, notwithstanding the provisions of the Registration Agreement, the Company
shall either (a) pay the Redemption Price in cash or (b) register the Common
Shares that may be issued to such holder in accordance with all other terms of
the Registration Agreement. In such event, the registration of such Common
Shares shall not be deemed as a Demand Registration for purposes of calculating
the Permitted Demand Registrations under the Registration Agreement.
Underwritten Demand Registration. If the Participating Holders initiating
the Demand Registration request ("Initiating Holders") intend to distribute
their Registrable Securities covered by their request by means of an
underwritten offering, they are required to advise the Company as a part of
their request for registration pursuant to the Registration Agreement, and the
Company shall include such information in the Registration Notice. In such
event, the right of any Participating Holder to include their Registrable
Securities in such Demand Registration shall be conditioned upon such
Participating Holder's entering into an underwriting agreement in customary form
with the managing underwriter or underwriters selected for such underwriting by
the Company, provided that the charges payable by the Participating Holders to
such underwriter shall be commercially reasonable. If the underwriter(s)
advise(s) the Company in writing that successful marketing of the securities
requires a limitation of the number of securities to be underwritten, then the
number of Registrable Securities that may be included shall be reduced on a pro
rata basis.
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Piggyback Registration
If at any time that at least 10% of the Registrable Securities are held by
Qualified Holders, the Company proposes to file a registration statement under
the Securities Act with respect to a primary offering (a "Primary Offering") of
Common Shares (other than registration for employee benefit plans, merger
transactions and similar issuances), the Company will give written notice of
such proposed Primary Offering to all Qualified Holders at least 20 days before
the anticipated filing date of the registration statement (the "Piggyback
Notice"), stating the date that the offering is anticipated to become effective,
and shall include in such proposed Primary Offering all Registrable Securities
specified in written requests by the Qualified Holders that are received by the
Company within 10 days after the date the Piggyback Notice was given.
The piggyback registration rights do not apply in the event that it is
reasonably anticipated that the Primary Offering will commence within 20 days,
the underwriters determine that the Primary Offering would be unreasonably
delayed by the allowance of piggyback registrations rights, and the Primary
Offering, in fact, does not include any Common Shares held by any person other
than the Company.
If the Primary Offering is an underwritten public offering on behalf of the
Company, the Company's obligation to include in such registration the
Registrable Securities of any Participating Holder shall be conditioned upon the
Participating Holder entering into an underwriting agreement with the
underwriters, agreeing to be bound by all terms and conditions of the offering,
and providing such complete and accurate information as the underwriter may
request, including information for inclusion in the registration statement. If
the managing underwriter advises the Company in writing that the total number of
Common Shares requested to be included in such offering by the Participating
Holders and by the Company exceeds the number of Common Shares which, in the
opinion and at the reasonable discretion of such managing underwriter, can be
included in the offering without adversely affecting the offering, the price
range of the Common Shares offered or the probability of success of such
offering, the Company will include in such offering (a) first, all Common Shares
that the Company proposes to offer, and (b) second, up to the full number of
Registrable Securities requested by Participating Holders to be included in such
registration that the managing underwriter reasonably believes will not so
affect the offering. In such event, the number of Common Shares to be included
in such offering by all holders, including the Participating Holders, shall be
allocated pro rata among all such holders on the basis of the total number of
Common Shares (including Registrable Securities) subject to registration rights
that are held by each such holder (regardless of the number of Common Shares
requested to be included in such registration). In the case of a request for
registration pursuant to a Piggyback Registration in connection with a Put, the
Put will not be settled for Common Shares before the effective date of the
registration statement which includes such Registrable Securities and shall be
considered as never having been exercised to the extent that the Registrable
Securities are not so included.
Suspension Period; Blackout Period.
Suspension Period. The Company's obligation under the Registration
Agreement to register any Registrable Securities shall be suspended upon notice
by the Company to all Participating Holders of the occurrence of any one or more
of the following events ("Suspension Events"):
(a) a determination by the Company, evidenced by a certificate
signed by the President or Chief Executive Officer of the Company,
stating that in the good faith judgment of the Board of Trustees
of the Company, it would be seriously detrimental to the Company
and its stockholders for such registration statement to be filed
and it is therefore essential to defer the filing of such
registration statement;
(b) a determination by the Company to effect an underwritten
Primary Offering, if the Company is advised by the managing
underwriter that the offer or sale of Registrable Securities
hereunder would have a material adverse effect on the proposed
offering;
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(c) pending negotiations relating to, or consummation of, a
transaction or the occurrence of an event that would require
additional disclosure of material information by the Company in
the registration statement or which renders the Company unable to
comply with applicable disclosure requirements in connection with
the registration or sale of the Registrable Securities; or
(d) the issuance of a stop order.
Any suspension shall commence on the date notice is given by the Company to
all Participating Holders of such Suspension Event, and shall continue in effect
until such time that (a) notice is given by the Company that such Suspension
Event or its effect no longer exists, or (b) the passage of 120 days after the
suspension notice was given (the "Suspension Period"), whichever is earlier.
Blackout Period. Following the effectiveness of any registration statement
under the Registration Agreement, each Participating Holder agreed that no
offers or sales of any Registrable Securities owned or held by such person will
be effected after the Company shall have given notice ("Blackout Notice") of any
Suspension Event which states that no offers or sales shall be made, until such
time that (a) notice is given by the Company that offers and sales may
recommence, or (b) the passage of 120 days after the Blackout Notice has been
given (the "Blackout Period"), whichever is earlier.
Limit on No Sale Period. The Registration Agreement provides that in no
event will the combined duration of all Suspension Periods and Blackout Periods
during any calendar year exceed 150 days, and the combined duration of all
Suspension Periods, Blackout Periods and Market Stand-Off Periods during any
calendar year exceed 180 days. If in connection with any Put the combined
duration of all Suspension Periods, Blackout Periods and Market Stand-Off
Periods during any calendar year exceeds 180 days, then the Company shall be
required to honor the Put by payment of cash to the Putting Participating
Holders promptly following such 180th day.
Expenses of Registration
All expenses incurred in connection with a registration pursuant to the
Registration Agreement, including, without limitation, all federal and "blue
sky" registration and qualification fees, printers' and accounting fees, fees
and disbursements of counsel for the Company shall be borne by the Company. Each
Participating Holder shall bear a proportionate share of all discounts,
commissions or other amounts payable to underwriters or brokers in connection
with such offering and of the expenses of counsel for Participating Holders. The
Company shall not be required to pay for expenses of any registration request
pursuant to a Demand Registration if the registration request is subsequently
withdrawn at the request of the Participating Holders of a majority of all of
the Registrable Securities to be registered unless such withdrawal is pursuant
to a right of withdrawal provided for in the Registration Agreement.
Indemnification
Indemnification by the Company. In the event that any Registrable
Securities are included in a registration statement under the Registration
Agreement, the Company agreed to indemnify and hold harmless each Participating
Holder, the partners, officers and directors of each Participating Holder, any
underwriter (as defined in the Securities Act) for such Participating Holder and
each person, if any, who controls such Participating Holder or underwriter
within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any
losses, claims, damages, or liabilities (joint or several) to which they may
become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or
state law, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in
respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any of the following statements,
omissions or violations (collectively, a "Violation"):
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(a) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a
material fact contained in such registration statement, including
any preliminary prospectus or final prospectus contained therein
or any amendments or supplements thereto,
(b) the omission or alleged omission to state therein a
material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make
the statements therein not misleading, or
(c) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of
the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any federal or state
securities law or any rule or regulation promulgated under the
Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any federal or state
securities law in connection with the offering covered by such
registration statement,
and the Company agreed to reimburse each such Participating Holder, partner,
officer, or director, underwriter or controlling person for any legal or other
expenses reasonably incurred by them, as incurred, in connection with
investigating or defending such loss, claim, damage, liability or action;
provided however, that the indemnity agreement contained in the Registration
Agreement shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such loss, claim,
damage, liability or action if such settlement is effected without the consent
of the Company (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), nor shall the
Company be liable in any case for any such loss, claim, damage, liability or
action to the extent that it arises out of or is based upon a Violation which
occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished
expressly for use in connection with such registration by such Participating
Holder, partner, officer, director, underwriter or controlling person of such
Participating Holder.
Indemnification by Participating Holders of Registrable Securities. To the
extent permitted by law, each Participating Holder agreed to indemnify and hold
harmless the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who have
signed the registration statement, each person, if any, who controls the Company
within the meaning of the Securities Act, any underwriter and any other
Participating Holder selling securities under such Registration statement or any
of such other Participating Holder's partners, directors or officers or any
person who controls such Participating Holder within the meaning of the
Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any losses, claims, damages or
liabilities (joint or several) to which the Company or any such director,
officer, controlling person, underwriter or other such Participating Holder,
partner or director, officer or controlling person of such other Participating
Holder may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other
federal or state law, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or
actions in respect thereto) arise out of or are based upon any Violation, in
each case to the extent (and only to the extent) that such Violation occurs in
reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished by such
Participating Holder expressly for use in connection with such registration; and
each such Participating Holder shall reimburse any legal or other expenses
reasonably incurred by the Company or any such director, officer, controlling
person, underwriter or other Participating Holder, partner, officer, director or
controlling person of such other Participating Holder in connection with
investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action;
provided however, that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section shall
not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such loss, claim, damage,
liability or action if such settlement is effected without the consent of the
Participating Holder, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; and
provided further, that the total amounts payable in indemnity by a Participating
Holder under the Registration Agreement in respect of any Violation shall not
exceed the net proceeds received by such Participating Holder in the registered
offering out of which such Violation arises.
COMPARISON OF OWNERSHIP OF OP UNITS AND COMMON SHARES
The information below highlights a number of the significant differences
and similarities between the Operating Partnership and the Company relating to,
among other things, form of organization, investment objectives, policies and
restrictions, asset diversification, capitalization, management structure,
duties, liability, exculpation and indemnification of the general partner and
the trustees, and investor voting and other rights. These comparisons are
intended to assist partners in understanding how their investment
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will be changed if they redeem their OP Units and the Company exercises its
right to assume the Operating Partnership's obligation with respect to such
redemption and to acquire the OP Units in exchange for Common Shares. See
"Redemption Rights and Exchange of OP Units for Common Shares" above. This
discussion is summary in nature and does not constitute a complete discussion of
these matters, and limited partners should carefully review the balance of this
Prospectus for additional important information.
Form of Organization and Purpose
The Operating Partnership is a limited partnership organized under the laws
of the State of Maryland. The Operating Partnership owns interests in shopping
center properties and certain other properties and investments. See "The Company
and the Operating Partnership" above. The Operating Partnership may also invest
in other types of real estate and in such geographic areas as the Company deems
appropriate. The Company conducts the business of the Operating Partnership in
such a manner as to permit the Company to be classified as a REIT under the
Code.
The Company is a Maryland real estate investment trust organized under the
Maryland REIT Law. Although the Company currently intends to continue to qualify
as a REIT under the Code and to operate as a self-administered REIT, the Company
is not under any contractual obligation to continue such qualification and there
can be no assurance that the Company (or any successor general partner in the
Operating Partnership) will continue to maintain such qualification or mode of
operation in the future. Except as otherwise permitted in the Partnership
Agreement, the Company is obligated to conduct its activities through the
Operating Partnership. The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating
Partnership.
Nature of Investment
The OP Units constitute equity interests entitling each limited partner in
the Operating Partnership to his or her pro rata share of cash distributions
made to the limited partners in the Operating Partnership. See "Description of
OP Units." The Operating Partnership would ordinarily expect to retain and
reinvest proceeds of the sale of property or excess refinancing proceeds in its
business, except in certain circumstances.
The Common Shares constitute equity interests in the Company. The Company
is entitled to receive its pro rata share of distributions made by the Operating
Partnership with respect to the OP Units owned by it. Each holder of Common
Shares of the Company is entitled to his or her pro rata share of any dividends
or distributions paid with respect to those Common Shares, which distributions
will generally match distributions made in respect of OP Units. The dividends
payable to holders of Common Shares are not fixed in amount and are only paid
if, when and as authorized and declared by the Trustees out of assets legally
available therefor. In order to qualify as a REIT, the Company must distribute
at least 95% of its taxable income (excluding capital gains), and any taxable
income (including capital gains) not distributed will be subject to corporate
income tax.
The OP Units and the Common Shares represent equity interests entitling the
holders thereof to participate in the growth and income of the Operating
Partnership and the Company, respectively. The Partnership Agreement states that
the Company, as general partner shall make distributions of cash to the partners
not less frequently than quarterly to the extent that such funds are available
therefor from the Available Cash (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of
the Operating Partnership. Except as required by the provisions of any
Preference Units (as defined in the Partnership Agreement), all such
distributions shall be paid to all OP Unit holders on a pro rata basis.
Dividends on Common Shares of the Company are payable in the discretion of the
Trustees.
The Operating Partnership (and thus the Company) generally expects to
reinvest proceeds of any sale of property and refinancings, except in certain
limited circumstances. Thus, limited partners in the
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Operating Partnership will not be able to realize upon their investments through
distributions of sale and refinancing proceeds. Instead, limited partners will
be able to realize upon their investments primarily through the exercise of
their Redemption Right and, if Common Shares of the Company are issued in
satisfaction of such right, the subsequent sale of such shares.
Length of Investment
The Operating Partnership has a stated term expiring on December 31, 5757.
The Operating Partnership has no specific plans for disposition of its assets.
To the extent that the Operating Partnership sells or refinances its assets, the
net proceeds therefrom generally will be retained by the Operating Partnership
for working capital and new investments rather than being distributed to its
partners (including the Company), except that the Company currently expects that
it generally will distribute the capital gains portion of proceeds it receives
from the sale of properties. The Operating Partnership constitutes a vehicle for
taking advantage of future investment opportunities that may be available in the
real estate market.
The Company has a perpetual term and intends to continue its operations for
an indefinite time period. Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the dissolution
of the Company must be approved at any meeting of shareholders called for that
purpose by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a two-thirds of
Shares (as defined in the Declaration of Trust) outstanding. The Company has an
indirect interest in the properties and property service businesses owned by the
Operating Partnership.
The Operating Partnership (and the Company) generally will reinvest the
proceeds of asset dispositions, if any, in new properties or other appropriate
investments consistent with their investment objectives. Beginning on July 1,
1998, limited partners in the Operating Partnership are entitled to exercise
their Redemption Right to have their OP Units redeemed either for Common Shares
or for cash, at the option of the Company. Shareholders of the Company are
expected to realize liquidity of their investments by the trading of the Common
Shares on the NYSE.
Liquidity
OP Units are not registered under the Securities Act or any state
securities laws and therefore may not be sold, pledged, hypothecated or
otherwise transferred unless first registered under the Securities Act and any
applicable state securities laws, or unless an exemption from registration is
available, and unless the other transfer restrictions discussed below have been
satisfied. The Company and the Operating Partnership do not intend to register
the OP Units under the Securities Act or any state securities laws.
In no event may the Company, as the general partner, at any time assign,
mortgage, sell, transfer, pledge, grant a security interest in, hypothecate or
otherwise encumber all or any portion of its OP Units except by operation of
law or to a subsidiary or affiliate of the Company.
The Partnership Agreement provides that a limited partner may not assign,
mortgage, sell, transfer, pledge, grant a security interest in, hypothecate or
otherwise encumber (a "transfer") its OP Units for a period of two years after
acquisition (the "Holding Period"), without the consent of the Company, which
may be unreasonably withheld. After the expiration of the Holding Period, a
limited partner may, without the consent of the Company, transfer all or some of
its OP Units to members of the limited partner's immediate family or to a trust
established for such purpose for estate planning purposes (a "Family Transfer").
Except for a Family Transfer, a limited partner may not transfer its OP
Units, in whole or in part, to a third party without the prior written consent
of the Company. Any transfer of the partnership interest, in whole or in part,
of a limited partner shall not be effective unless: (a) an executed or
authenticated copy of the instrument of assignment is delivered to the Company
and the Company's consent is indicated thereon in writing and on signed on
behalf of the Company; (b) the transfer of the partnership interest will not
violate the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or applicable state securities
laws; (c) after such transfer,
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the Operating Partnership will continue to be classified as a partnership for
Federal income tax purposes and not as an association taxable as a corporation;
(d) such transfer, when taken together with other prior transfers, if any, will
not result in a "termination" of the Operating Partnership for Federal income
tax purposes; (e) the transferee shall pay all of the Operating Partnership's
reasonable costs and expenses in connection with such transfer, including the
fees and expenses of counsel to the Operating Partnership; and (f) the
transferee executes and agrees to be bound by all the terms and conditions of
the Partnership Agreement. The Company, in its sole and absolute discretion, may
require that, as a condition of any such transfer, the Operating Partnership
receive a favorable opinion of its counsel, at the sole cost and expense of the
transferor, as to the matters described in clauses (b), (c), and (d) above.
In the event that a limited partner dies or is determined to be
incompetent, his or her partnership interest may be transferred as follows:
(a) If a limited partner shall die, his or her executor, personal
representative, administrator, or if a limited partner shall be adjudicated
incompetent by a court of competent jurisdiction, his or her guardian,
conservator or other validly appointed legal representative (in each of the
preceding examples, the representative is referred to as the "Fiduciary"), the
Fiduciary shall become an "assignee" of the limited partner. If such assignee
satisfies the requirements of the Partnership Agreement such assignee shall be
admitted as a limited partner of the Operating Partnership.
(b) Anything in this Operating Agreement to the contrary
notwithstanding, each limited partner shall have the right to designate in his
Last Will and Testament his successor (or successors) to his Operating
Partnership interest in accordance with the provisions of Section
1.706-1(e)(3)(iii) of the Regulations under the Code, and each such successor
shall, upon the death of such limited partner, be substituted for and have all
rights and all of the obligations of the limited partner, provided that such
successor complies with all of the provisions.
In no event will the Operating Partnership be required to recognize any
transfer of a limited partner interest if upon such a transfer the transferee
would be deemed to be the beneficial owner of Common Shares in excess of the
Beneficial Ownership Limitations contained in the Company's Declaration of
Trust.
Any Common Shares issued in exchange for redeemed OP Units will be
registered under the Securities Act and freely transferable, subject to the
ownership limits in the Declaration of Trust. The Company's Common Shares are
currently listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol of "MRR". The future
breadth and strength of this secondary market will depend, among other things,
upon the number of Common Shares outstanding, the Company's financial results
and prospects, the general interest in the Company's and other real estate
investments, and the Company's dividend yield compared to that of other debt and
equity securities.
Potential Dilution of Rights
The Company as general partner of the Operating Partnership is authorized,
in its sole discretion and without limited partner approval, to cause the
Operating Partnership to issue additional limited partnership interests and
other equity securities for any partnership purpose at any time to the Company,
the limited partners or other persons on terms established by the Company. See
"Description of OP Units - - Issuance of OP Units" above.
The Board of Trustees of the Company may issue, in its discretion,
additional Common Shares and other equity securities of the Company, including
one or more classes or series of common or preferred shares of beneficial
interest, with such voting rights, dividend or interest rates, preferences,
subordinations, conversion or redemption prices or rights, maturity dates,
distribution, exchange or liquidation rights or other rights as the Board of
Trustees may specify at the time. See "Description of Common Shares of
Beneficial Interest" above. The issuance of additional shares of either Common
Shares or other similar equity securities may result in the dilution of the
interests of the shareholders. As permitted by the Maryland
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REIT Law, the Declaration of Trust contains a provision permitting the Board of
Trustees, without any action by the shareholders of the Company, to amend the
Declaration of Trust to enable the Company to qualify as a REIT. Pursuant to the
Declaration of Trust, holders of Common Shares do not have any preemptive rights
to subscribe to any securities of the Company.
The limited partners in the Operating Partnership are subject to potential
dilution of their interests with respect to cash available for distribution if
the Company, in its sole discretion, causes the Operating Partnership to issue
additional OP Units or other equity securities. The Company shareholders are
also subject to potential dilution if the Board of Trustees, in its discretion,
decides to issue additional Common Shares or other equity securities.
Management Control
All management powers over the business and affairs of the Operating
Partnership are vested in the Company as the general partner of the Operating
Partnership, and no limited partner of the Operating Partnership has any right
to participate in or exercise control or management power over the business and
affairs of the Operating Partnership.
The Board of Trustees has exclusive control over the direction of the
Company's business and affairs, subject only to certain restrictions in the
Declaration of Trust and Bylaws, the Partnership Agreement and applicable law.
The Company's Declaration of Trust provides that the number of trustees of the
Company, which is currently eight, cannot be less than three nor more than 15.
The Declaration of Trust and Bylaws provide that an annual meeting of
shareholders be held to elect the Trustees who will serve for the ensuing year
and until their successors are duly elected and qualify. Any vacancy (including
a vacancy created by an increase in the number of trustees) will be filled, at
any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, by a
majority of the Trustees. The Trustees will each serve for a term of one year
(except that an individual who has been elected to fill a vacancy will hold
office only for the unexpired term of the Trustee he is replacing).
The policies adopted by the Board of Trustees may be altered or eliminated
without a vote of the shareholders. Accordingly, except for their vote in the
elections of Trustees, shareholders have no control over the ordinary business
policies of the Company.
Because the Board of Trustees is elected each year by the shareholders at
the Company's annual meeting, the shareholders have greater control over the
management of the Company than the limited partners have over the Operating
Partnership.
Duties of General Partner and Trustees
The Company (as the general partner of the Operating Partnership) is not
liable or accountable, in damages or otherwise, to the Operating Partnership or
to any partner for any error of judgment or for any mistakes of fact or law of
for anything which it may do or refrain from doing in connection with the
business and affairs of the Operating Partnership except in the case of fraud,
breach of fiduciary duty or breach of the Partnership Agreement. The Company is
not personally liable for the return of any limited partner's capital
contribution.
Under Maryland law, there is no statute specifying the duties of trustees
of a REIT such as the Company. However, counsel to the Company believes that it
is likely that a Maryland court would refer to the Maryland General Corporation
Law (the "MGCL"), which requires directors of a Maryland corporation to perform
their duties in good faith, in a manner that they reasonably believe to be in
the best interests of the corporation and with the care of an ordinarily prudent
person in a like position under similar circumstances.
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Management Liability and Indemnification
Under the Partnership Agreement, the Operating Partnership has agreed to
indemnify and hold the Company (which includes its trustees, directors,
officers, shareholders and employees) harmless from and against, and shall
advance sums to the Company in respect to any and all claims, actions,
proceedings losses, liabilities, damages or expenses (the "Losses"), including
without limitation legal fees, costs of investigation and defense, and sums
expended in settlement of any claim incurred by it by reason of any action taken
or not taken by the Company; provided, however, that the Operating Partnership's
shall not be required to indemnify the Company with respect to any losses
resulting from the Company's fraud, breach of fiduciary duty or breach of the
Partnership Agreement. The Company shall be entitled to reimbursement from the
Operating Partnership for any amounts paid by it in satisfaction of
indemnification obligations owed by the Company to present or former trustees or
directors of the Company, as provided for in or pursuant to the Declaration of
Trust and Bylaws of the Company. The right of indemnification set forth in the
Partnership Agreement is in addition to (but not duplicative of) any rights to
which the person or entity seeking indemnification may otherwise be entitled and
shall inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of any such person or
entity. No partner can be held personally liable with respect to any claim for
indemnification pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, but such claim shall be
satisfied solely out of assets of the Operating Partnership.
The Maryland REIT Law permits a Maryland real estate investment trust to
include in its declaration of trust a provision limiting the liability of its
trustees and officers to the trust and its shareholders for money damages except
for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of any improper benefit or
profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty
established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. The
Declaration of Trust of the Company contains such a provision which eliminates
such liability to the maximum extent permitted by the Maryland REIT Law.
The Company's Declaration of Trust requires that the Company's, Bylaws to
authorize the Company, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to
indemnify, and pay reasonable expenses to, as such expenses are incurred by each
shareholder, Trustee Officer, employee or agent, (including any person who,
while a Trustee of the Company, is or was serving at the request of the Company
as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent, of another foreign
or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or
employee benefit plan) from all claims liabilities to which such person may
become subject by reason of his being or having been a shareholder, Trustee,
officer employee or agent.
The Maryland REIT Law permits a Maryland real estate investment trust to
indemnify and advance expenses to its trustees and officers to the same extent
as permitted by the MGCL for directors and officers of Maryland corporations.
The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and
officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and
reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding
to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other
capacities unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director
or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (b) was
committed in bad faith or (c) was the result of active and deliberate
dishonesty, or (d) the director or officer actually received an improper
personal benefit in money, property or services or (e) in the case of any
criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe
that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under the MGCL, a Maryland
corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the
right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that
personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders
indemnification and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a
corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the
corporation's receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of
his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for
indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or on
his behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it shall
ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
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Thus, the management of the Operating Partnership and the Company have
substantially the same rights to indemnification.
Liability of Investors
Under the Partnership Agreement and applicable state law, the liability of
the limited partners for the Operating Partnership's debts and obligations
generally is limited to the amount of their investments in the Operating
Partnership, together with an interest in the Operating Partnership's
undistributed income, if any.
Under the Maryland REIT Law, shareholders are not personally liable for the
obligations of the Company. The Common Shares, upon issuance, will be fully paid
and nonassessable.
Thus, the limited partners in the Operating Partnership and the
shareholders of the Company have substantially the same personal liability.
Voting Rights
Except for the right of limited partners to vote on matters specifically
provided for in the Act or in the Partnership Agreement, the limited partners
have no right or authority to act for or bind the Partnership.
The Declaration of Trust provides that, subject to the provisions of any
class or series of the Common Shares other than Common Shares then outstanding,
the shareholders of the Company shall be entitled to vote only on the following
matters: (a) election or removal of Trustees; (b) amendment of the Declaration
of Trust; (c) termination of the Company; and (d) merger, consolidation or share
exchange of the Company or the sale or disposition of all or substantially all
of the Company's assets. Except for the election or removal of Trustees, which
requires the approval of holders of a majority of the Common Shares present at a
meeting at which a quorum is present, each of the other matters requires the
affirmative approval of holders of two-thirds of the Common Shares issued and
outstanding and entitled to vote upon the matter. Except with respect to the
foregoing matters, no action taken by the shareholders at any meeting shall in
any way bind the Trustees.
Amendment of the Partnership Agreement or the Declaration of Trust
Subject to certain limitations, the Company generally has the power,
without the consent of any limited partners, to amend the Partnership Agreement
as may be required to reflect any changes that the Company deems necessary or
appropriate in its sole discretion, provided that such amendment does not
adversely affect or eliminate any right granted to a limited partner that is
protected by certain special voting provisions. For example, the limited
partners rights to vote on amendments are restricted to those which (a)
increases the obligation of any limited partner to contribute to the Operating
Partnership, (b) increases the responsibility of any limited partner as such for
liabilities of the Operating Partnership, (c) materially alters the guaranteed
payments or redemption payments to which a limited partner is entitled, (d)
materially alters the rights of the holders of OP Units to receive distributions
with respect to the OP Units on a pro rata basis (other than amendments to make
guaranteed payments to limited partners in connection with contributions of
property to the Operating Partnership), or (e) materially alters the allocation
to a limited partner of items of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit to
which a partner is entitled, and, therefore, require the written consent of a
majority in interest of the limited partners who would be similarly affected by
such amendments. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the limited partners
acknowledged that factors such as the distributions and allocations may be
adversely affected by such actions as, among other things, authorized Operating
Partnership transactions, admissions of new partners, contributions of property
to the Operating Partnership, issuances of new OP Units and/or Preference Units,
and redemptions of OP Units and Preference Units; the limited partners agreed
that notwithstanding any other provision of the Partnership Agreement, but
subject to the Company's performance of its fiduciary duties, any such amendment
to the
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Partnership Agreement necessary to accomplish any such action shall not require
the consent of any limited partner.
The Declaration of Trust may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the shares
then outstanding and entitled to vote thereon. In addition, the Trustees, by a
two-thirds vote, may amend the provisions of the Company's Declaration of Trust
from time to time to qualify the Company as a REIT.
Review of Investor Lists
Under Maryland law, one or more persons who together are partners with at
least five percent interest in the Operating Partnership (determined on the
basis of the sharing of profits and loses) may inspect and copy in person or by
agent, on written request from time to time upon reasonable demand, a current
list of the name and last known business, residence, or mailing address of each
partner.
Under the MGCL, as applicable to REITs, one or more shareholders holding of
record for at least six months at least 5% of the outstanding shares of
beneficial interest of any class of a real estate investment trust may upon
written request inspect and copy during usual business hours the share ledger of
such real estate investment trust and a verified list of shareholders, setting
forth their names and addresses and the number of shares of each class held by
the shareholder.
Thus, the limited partners in the Operating Partnership and the
shareholders of the Company have substantially the same rights to inspect and,
at their own expense, make copies of investor lists, subject to certain
limitations.
Review of Books and Records
Under the Partnership Agreement, limited partners are entitled to, during
reasonable business hours and upon reasonable prior notice, access to the books
of the Operating Partnership, and in addition at its expense, have the right to
copy such books. The Company, at the expense of the Operating Partnership, has
agreed to the preparation and distribution to the partners of annual financial
data sufficient to reflect the status and operations of the Operating
Partnership and its assets, including, but not limited to, audited financial
statements of the Operating Partnership and copies of all federal state tax
information returns filed by the Operating Partnership, so to enable each
partner to file its federal income tax return.
Under the MGCL, as applicable to REITs, a shareholder or his agent may
inspect and copy during normal business hours the following real estate
investment trust documents: (a) bylaws; (b) minutes of the proceedings of
shareholders; (c) annual statements of affairs; and (d) voting trust agreements
on file at the real estate investment trust's principal office. In addition, a
shareholder holding at least 5% of the outstanding shares of a real estate
investment trust may, upon written request, inspect and copy during usual
business hours the books of account of such real estate investment trust.
Issuance of Additional Equity
The Operating Partnership is authorized to issue OP Units, Preference Units
and other securities as determined by the Company, as the general partner, in
its sole discretion as follows:
(a) (i) OP Units to the Company upon the issuance by the
Company of additional Common Shares and the contribution of the net proceeds
thereof as an additional capital contribution to the Operating Partnership;
however, the Company may issue Common Shares in connection with option plans,
restricted share plans or other benefit or compensation plans and arrangements
(for example, shares issued in lieu of fees or compensation), and the Company
may issue Common Shares in payment of the Redemption Price of any OP Units in
accordance with the Partnership Agreement, without receiving any proceeds and
that the issuance of Common Shares shall nonetheless entitle the Company to
additional OP Units. In such event, the Company, as the general partner, shall
cause the Operating
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Partnership to issue a number of OP Units equal to the number of Common Shares
being issued by the Company.
(ii) Preference Units to the Company upon the issuance by
the Company of equity securities other than Common Shares, and the contribution
of the net proceeds thereof as a capital contribution to the Operating
Partnership.
(iii) Other securities to the Company upon the issuance by
the Company of securities other than Common Shares or equity securities
described in the Partnership Agreement and the contribution of the net proceeds
thereof to the Operating Partnership.
(iv) In the event of any stock split, stock dividend,
reclassification, recapitalization or other adjustment in respect of the
outstanding Common Shares, the number of OP Units will be proportionately
adjusted so that the OP Units will equate to the Common Shares on a one-to-one
basis.
(b) OP Units to partners (including itself) that hold
Preference Units or other securities that are convertible into or exchangeable
for OP Units, provided, however, that the Company will convert Preference Units
or other securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for OP Units, if,
and only if, and only to the extent that, the holders of the corresponding
securities issued by the Company elect to convert such securities into Common
Shares.
(c) If the Company, as the general partner, creates and
administers a reinvestment program in substantial conformance with a dividend
reinvestment program which may be available from time to time to holders of
Common Shares, each limited partner holding OP Units shall have the right to
reinvest any or all cash distributions payable to it from time to time pursuant
to the Partnership Agreement by having some or all (as the limited partner
elects) of such distributions contributed to the Operating Partnership as
additional capital contributions, and in such event the Operating Partnership
shall issue to each such limited partner additional OP Units, or the Company may
elect to cause distributions with respect to which a limited partner has elected
reinvestment to be contributed to the Company in exchange for the issuance of
Common Shares. At the option of the Company, such a program may also be made
available with respect to Preference Units and other securities if and to the
extent of each such partner's participation in any such reinvestment program.
(d) In the event that the Company assumes any debt of the
Operating Partnership, the Operating Partnership shall issue to the Company
additional units in an amount equal to the quotient (rounded to the nearest
whole number) arrived at by dividing (i) the total debt assumed by the Company
(including any interest obligation) by (ii) the market price.
(e) In all other cases, OP Units, Preference Units, and/or
other securities as determined by the Company, in its sole and absolute
discretion, to existing or newly-admitted partners (including itself) in
exchange for capital contributions or additional capital contributions by a
partner to the partnership.
The Board of Trustees may issue, in its discretion, additional Common
Shares and other equity securities of the Company, including one or more classes
of common or preferred shares, with such preferences, conversion or other
rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications
and terms and conditions of redemption, provided that the total number of shares
issued does not exceed the authorized number of shares of beneficial interest
set forth in the Company's provision permitting the Board of Trustees, without
any action by the shareholders of the Company, to amend the Declaration of Trust
to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of beneficial interest or
the number of shares of any class of shares of beneficial interest that the
Company has authority to issue.
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Borrowing Policies
The Operating Partnership has no restrictions on borrowings, and the
Company as general partner has full power and authority to borrow money on
behalf of the Operating Partnership.
The Company is not restricted under its Declaration of Trust from
borrowing. However, under the Partnership Agreement, the Company, as general
partner, may not issue debt securities or otherwise incur any debts unless it
contributes the proceeds therefrom to the Operating Partnership. Therefore, all
indebtedness incurred by the Company will be for the benefit of the Operating
Partnership.
Permitted Investments
The Operating Partnership's purpose is to conduct any business that may be
lawfully conducted by a Maryland limited partnership, provided that such
business is to be conducted in a manner that permits the Company to be qualified
as a REIT (unless the Company ceases to qualify as a REIT for any reason). The
Operating Partnership is authorized to perform any and all acts for the
furtherance of the purposes and business of the Operating Partnership, including
making investments, provided that the Operating Partnership may not take, or
refrain from taking, any action which, in the judgment of the Company as general
partner (a) could adversely affect the ability of the general partner to
continue to qualify as a REIT, (b) could subject the general partner to any
additional taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code or (c) could
violate any law or regulation of any governmental body (unless, in each case,
such action, or inaction, is specifically consented to by the Company).
Under its Declaration of Trust, the Company may engage in any lawful
activity permitted by the Maryland REIT Law. To maintain its qualification as a
Maryland real estate investment trust, the Maryland REIT Law requires that the
Company hold, either directly or indirectly, at least 75% of the value of its
assets in real estate assets, mortgages or mortgage-related securities,
government securities, cash and cash equivalent items, including high-grade
short-term securities and receivables. The Maryland REIT Law also prohibits
using or applying land for farming, agricultural, horticultural or similar
purposes. Under the Partnership Agreement, the Company, as general partner,
agrees that it will not, directly or indirectly, enter into or conduct any
business other than in connection with the ownership, acquisition and
disposition of partnership properties and the management of the business of the
Operating Partnership and such activities as are incidental thereto.
Other Investment Restrictions
Other than restrictions precluding investments by the Operating Partnership
that would adversely affect the qualification of the Company as a REIT and
restrictions on transactions with affiliates, the Partnership Agreement does not
generally restrict the Operating Partnership's authority to make investments,
lend Operating Partnership funds or reinvest the Operating Partnership's cash
flow and net sale or refinancing proceeds.
The Company's Declaration of Trust authorizes the Company to enter into any
contract or transaction of any kind (including the purchase or sale of property)
with any person, including any trustee, officer, employee or agent of the trust,
whether or not any of them has a financial interest in the transaction.
Business Combinations
Under MGCL, certain "business combinations" (including a merger,
consolidation, share exchange, or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer
or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland
corporation and any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power
of its stock (an "Interested Shareholder") must be (a) recommended by the
directors of such corporation and (b) approved by the affirmative vote of at
least (i) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares
of voting stock of the corporation and (ii) two-thirds of the votes entitled to
be cast by
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holders of outstanding shares of voting stock other than stock held by the
Interested Shareholder with whom the business combination is to be effected,
unless, among other things, the corporation's common shareholders receive a
minimum price (as defined in the statute) for their shares and the consideration
is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the Interested
Shareholder for his shares. In addition, an Interested Shareholder or any
affiliate thereof may not engage in a "business combination" with the
corporation for a period of five years following the date he becomes an
Interested Shareholder. These provisions of Maryland law do not apply, however,
to business combinations that are approved or exempted by the board of directors
of the corporation prior to the time that the Interested Shareholder becomes an
Interested Shareholder. The foregoing provisions of the Maryland General
Corporations Law apply to Maryland REITs.
Control Share Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that "control shares" of a Maryland corporation acquired
in a "control share acquisition" have no voting rights except to the extent
approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter,
excluding shares of stock owned by the acquiror, by officers or by directors who
are employees of the corporation. "Control shares" are voting shares of stock
which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock previously acquired by
such person, or in respect of which such person is able to exercise or direct
the exercise of voting power, would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting
power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
(i) one-fifth or more but less than one-third, (ii) one-third or more but less
than a majority, or (iii) a majority. Control shares do not include shares the
acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously
obtained stockholder approval. A "control share acquisition" means the
acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon
satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses),
may compel a board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be
held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no
request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question
at any stockholders meeting.
Unless the Declaration of Trust or Bylaws provide otherwise, if voting
rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not
deliver an acquiring person statement within 10 days following a control share
acquisition, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the Company
may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting
rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard
to the absence of voting rights for control shares, as of the date of the last
control share acquisition or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting
rights of such shares are considered and not approved. Moreover, unless the
Declaration of Trust or Bylaws provide otherwise, if voting rights for control
shares are approved at a stockholders' meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled
to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may
exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for
purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per
share paid by the acquiring person in the control share acquisition, and certain
limitations and restrictions otherwise applicable to the exercise of dissenters'
rights do not apply in the context of a control share acquisition.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR HOLDERS
OF COMMON SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
The Company believes that it has qualified and intends to remain qualified
to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes under Sections 856 through
860 of the Code, commencing with the Company's taxable year ended December 31,
1993. The following discussion addresses the material tax considerations
relevant to the taxation of the Company and summarizes certain federal income
tax consequences that may be relevant to certain shareholders. However, the
actual tax consequences of holding particular securities being issued by the
Company may vary in light of a prospective securities holder's
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particular facts and circumstances. Certain holders, such as tax-exempt
entities, insurance companies and financial institutions, are generally subject
to special rules. In addition, the following discussion does not discuss issues
under any foreign, state or local tax laws. The tax treatment of a holder of any
of the securities offered by Prospectus Supplements will vary depending upon the
terms of the specific securities acquired by such holder, as well as his
particular situation, and this discussion does not attempt to address aspects of
federal income taxation relating to holders of particular securities. Certain
federal income tax considerations relevant to holders of the particular
securities will be provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement relating
thereto. Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger & Hollander, LLC has acted as
tax counsel to the Company in connection with the filing of this Prospectus.
This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions,
rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial
interpretations thereof. No rulings have been obtained or are expected to be
obtained from the IRS concerning any of the matters discussed herein. It should
be noted that the Code, rules, regulations, and administrative and judicial
interpretations are all subject to change (possibly on a retroactive basis).
EACH INVESTOR IS ADVISED TO CONSULT THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT,
AS WELL AS WITH HIS OWN TAX ADVISOR, REGARDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HIM OF
THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND SALE OF THE REDEMPTION SHARES, INCLUDING THE
FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH ACQUISITION,
OWNERSHIP AND SALE AND OF POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS.
It is the opinion of Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger & Hollander,
LLC that the Company is organized and is operating in conformity with the
requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT commencing with the
Company's taxable year ended December 31, 1993, and its method of operation will
enable it to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as
a REIT under the Code. It must be emphasized that this opinion is based on
various assumptions and is conditioned upon certain representations made by the
Company as to factual matters including, but not limited to, those set forth
below in this discussion of "Federal Income Tax Considerations" and those
concerning its business and properties as set forth in this Prospectus and in
any Prospectus Supplement. Moreover, such qualification and taxation as a REIT
depends upon the Company's ability to meet, through actual annual (and with
respect to certain tests quarterly) operating results, the various income,
asset, distribution, stock ownership and other tests discussed below, the
results of which will not be reviewed by Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger
& Hollander, LLC. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results
of the Company's operations for any one taxable year (or quarter) will satisfy
such requirements.
If the Company initially failed to elect or qualify for taxation as a REIT
or ceases to qualify as a REIT, and the relief provisions do not apply, the
Company's income that is distributed to shareholders would be subject to the
"double taxation" on earnings (once at the corporate level and again at the
shareholder level) that generally results from investment in a corporation.
Failure to qualify and to maintain qualification as a REIT would force the
Company to reduce significantly its distributions and possibly incur substantial
indebtedness or liquidate substantial investments in order to pay the resulting
corporate taxes. In addition, the Company, once having obtained REIT status and
having lost such status, would not be eligible to elect REIT status for the four
subsequent taxable years, unless its failure to maintain its qualification was
due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and certain other requirements
were satisfied. In order to elect to again be taxed as a REIT, just as with the
original election, the Company would be required to distribute all of its
earnings and profits accumulated in any non-REIT taxable year.
Federal Income Taxation of the Company
General. If the Company qualifies for tax treatment as a REIT pursuant to
Code Sections 856 through 860, it will generally not be subject to Federal
corporate taxation on its net income to the extent currently distributed to its
shareholders. This substantially eliminates the "double taxation" that typically
results from the use of investment vehicles, which are treated as corporations
for income tax purposes.
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The Company will be subject to federal income tax, however, as follows:
First, the Company will be taxed at regular corporate rates on its undistributed
REIT taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains. Second, under
certain circumstances, the Company may be subject to the "alternative minimum
tax" on its items of tax preference to the extent that tax exceeds its regular
tax. Third, if the Company has net income from the sale or other disposition of
"foreclosure property" that is held primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of business or other nonqualifying income from foreclosure
property, it will be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate on such
income. Fourth, any net income that the Company has from prohibited transactions
(which are, in general, certain sales or other dispositions of property other
than foreclosure property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of business) will be subject to a 100% tax. Fifth, if the Company should
fail to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income tests (as discussed below),
and has nonetheless maintained its qualification as a REIT because certain other
requirements have been met, it will be subject to a 100% tax on the net income
attributable to the greater of the amount by which the Company fails the 75% or
95% test, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect the Company's
profitability. Sixth, if the Company fails to distribute during each year at
least the sum of (i) 85% of its REIT ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of
its REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (iii) any undistributed
taxable income from preceding periods, the Company will be subject to a
nondeductible 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the
amounts actually distributed. Seventh, if (a) during the 10-year period
commencing on the first day of the first taxable year that the Company qualifies
as a REIT, the Company recognizes a gain from the disposition of an asset held
by the Company at the beginning of such period, or (b) during the 10-year period
commencing on the date the Company acquires appreciated property from a
Subchapter C corporation in a transaction in which the Company inherits the tax
basis in such asset from the Subchapter C corporation and the Company recognizes
a gain from the disposition of such asset, then the Company will be subject to
tax at the highest regular corporate rate on the lesser of (i) the recognized
gain or (ii) the excess, if any, of the fair market value over the adjusted
basis of any such asset as of the beginning of such 10-year period (the
"Built-In-Gain"). Moreover, the aggregate Built-In-Gain during the 10-year
period cannot exceed the total net Built-In-Gain of all assets at the beginning
of the 10-year period. Subject to certain limitations, the Company may, to the
extent available, utilize any pre-REIT net operating loss (NOL) carry forwards
to offset recognized gains.
Code Section 856(a) defines a Real Estate Investment Trust as a
corporation, trust or association (i) managed by one or more trustees or
directors; (ii) the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable
shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; (iii) which
(except for the provisions of Sections 856 through 860 of the Code) would be
taxable as a domestic corporation; (iv) is neither a financial institution nor
an insurance company pursuant to certain provisions of the Code; (v) the
beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons; (vi) during the
last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% in number or value of the
outstanding shares are owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer
individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities); and (vii)
meets certain other tests, described below, regarding its income and assets. The
requirements and conditions set forth in (i) through (iv), inclusive, must be
met during each day of the taxable year. The requirements set forth in (v) must
be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during the
proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months.
The Company is owned by more than 100 persons and management has
represented that not more than 50% in number or value of the outstanding stock
of the Company is owned by five or fewer individuals. Moreover, the Declaration
of Trust provides for restrictions regarding ownership of the Common Shares,
which will assist the Company in continuing to satisfy the beneficial ownership
requirements described above. See "Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest
- - Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer."
The Company owns and operates a number of properties through wholly-owned
subsidiaries. Code section 856(i) provides that a corporation which is a
"qualified REIT subsidiary" shall not be treated as a separate corporation, and
all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of a qualified
REIT subsidiary shall be treated as assets, liabilities, and such items (as the
case may be) of the REIT. Thus, in
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applying the requirements described herein, the Company's qualified REIT
subsidiaries will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities and items of income,
deduction and credit of its wholly-owned subsidiaries will be treated as assets,
liabilities and items of the Company. In addition, the Company will be deemed to
own its proportionate share of the assets and liabilities of any partnership in
which it is a partner.
Income Tests. There are two percentage tests relating to the sources of the
Company's gross income. First, at least 75% of the Company's gross income
(excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) must be directly or
indirectly derived each taxable year from investments relating to real property
or mortgages on real property or certain temporary investments. Second, at least
95% of the Company's gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited
transactions) must be directly or indirectly derived each taxable year from any
of the sources qualifying for the 75% test or from dividends, interest, and gain
from the sale or disposition of stock or securities. In applying these tests, if
the Company invests in a partnership, the Company will be treated as realizing
its share of the gross income of the partnership, and the character of such
income, as well as other partnership items, will be determined at the
partnership level.
The term "prohibited transaction" means a sale or other distribution of
property which would constitute stock in trade of the taxpayer, property which
would properly be included in inventory of the taxpayer or property held by the
taxpayer primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of his trade or
business, which is not foreclosure property. However, a prohibited transaction
does not include a sale of property which is a real estate asset as defined
below if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the REIT has held
the property for at least four years; (ii) aggregate expenditures made by the
REIT, or any partner of the REIT, during the four year period preceding the date
of sale which are includable in the basis of the property do not exceed 30% of
the net selling price of the property; (iii) (I) during a taxable year the REIT
does not make more than seven sales of property (other than foreclosure
property), or (II) the aggregate adjusted basis (as determined for purposes of
computing earnings and profits) of properties (other than foreclosure property)
sold during the taxable year does not exceed 10% of the aggregate basis (as so
determined) of all of the assets of the REIT as of the beginning of the taxable
year; (iv) in the case of property, which consists of land or improvements, not
acquired through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure, or lease
termination, the REIT has held the property for not less than four years for
production of rental income; and (v) if the requirement of clause (iii)(I) is
not satisfied, substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures
with respect to the property were made through an independent contractor (as
defined in Code section 856(d)(3)) from whom the REIT itself does not derive or
receive any income.
Rents received by the Company qualify as "rents from real property" for
purposes of satisfying the gross income tests for a REIT only if several
conditions are met. First, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in
part on the income or profits of any person, although rents generally will not
be excluded merely because they are based on a fixed percentage of receipts or
sales. Second, rents received from a tenant will not qualify as "rents from real
property" if the REIT, or an owner of 10% or more of the REIT, also directly or
constructively owns 10% or more of such tenant. Third, if rent attributable to
personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property is greater
than 15% of the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent
attributable to such personal property will not qualify as "rents from real
property." Fourth, for rents to qualify as "rents from real property," the REIT
generally must not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services
to the tenants of such property, other than through an independent contractor
from whom the REIT derives no income; provided, however, the Company may
directly perform certain services other than services which are considered
rendered to the occupant of the Property. In determining whether a REIT
satisfies the income tests, a REIT's rental income from a property will not
cease to qualify as "rents from real property" merely because the REIT performs
services for a tenant other than permitted customary services if the amount that
the REIT is deemed to have received as a result of performing impermissible
services does not exceed 1% of all amounts received directly or indirectly by
the REIT with respect to such property. The amount that a REIT will be deemed to
have received for performing impermissible services will be at least 150% of the
direct cost to the REIT of providing those services. The Company has represented
that it does not charge rent for any property that
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is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person other than
rent based on a percentage of receipts or sales, as described above, and that it
does not rent any property to a related party tenant as described above. The
Constructive Ownership restrictions described above will assist the Company in
satisfying this requirement. See "Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest -
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer." Finally, the Company directly performs
services under certain of its leases.
The term "interest" generally does not include any amount if the
determination of such amount depends in whole or in part on the income or
profits of any person, although an amount generally will not be excluded from
the term "interest" solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage of
receipts or sales.
If the Company fails to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income
tests for any taxable year, it may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for such year
if it is eligible for relief under certain provisions of the Code. These relief
provisions will be generally available if the Company's failure to meet such
tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect. It is not now
possible to determine the circumstances under which the Company may be entitled
to the benefit of these relief provisions. If these relief provisions apply, a
special tax is imposed on the greater of the amount by which the Company failed
the 75% test or the 95% test.
Asset Tests. At the close of each quarter of its taxable year, the Company
must also satisfy several tests relating to the nature and diversification of
its assets. First, at least 75% of the value of the Company's total assets must
be represented by real estate assets, cash, cash items (including receivables
arising in the ordinary course of the Company's operation) and government
securities. For these purposes, a REIT's assets include its allocable share of
assets held by partnerships in which the REIT owns an interest and is held by
qualified REIT subsidiaries of the REIT. It also includes stock or debt
instruments held for not more than one year which were purchased with the
proceeds of a stock offering or long-term (at least five years) debt offering of
the REIT. In addition, not more than 25% of the Company's total assets may be
represented by securities other than those includable in the 75% asset class.
Moreover, of the investments included in the 25% asset class, the value of any
one issuer's securities owned by the Company may not exceed 5% of the Company's
total assets. Finally, of the investments included in the 25% asset class, the
Company may not own more than 10% of any one issuer's outstanding voting
securities.
If the Company inadvertently fails to satisfy one or more of the asset
tests at the end of the calendar quarter, the Company would still not lose its
REIT status, provided that (i) it satisfied all of the asset tests at the close
of the preceding quarter, and (ii) the discrepancy between the value of the
Company's assets and the standards imposed by the asset tests either did not
exist immediately after the acquisition of any particular asset or was not
wholly or partly caused by such an acquisition. Even if the provisions of clause
(ii) are not met, the Company could avoid disqualification by eliminating any
discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which such
discrepancy arose.
The Company has numerous wholly owned subsidiaries. All of the Company's
current subsidiaries should be treated as "qualified REIT subsidiaries." As
noted above, such subsidiaries will not be treated as separate corporations for
United States federal income tax purposes pursuant to the provisions of Code
Section 856(i). Thus, for these purposes, the Company will not own more than 10%
of the outstanding securities of any one issuer as a result of the ownership of
its subsidiaries.
Dividend Requirements
Annual Distribution Requirements. The Company, in order to qualify as a
REIT, is required to make distributions (other than capital gain dividends) to
its shareholders in an amount at least equal to (A) the sum of (i) 95% of the
Company's "REIT taxable income" (computed without regard to the dividends paid
deduction and the Company's net capital gain) and (ii) 95% of the after tax net
income, if any, from foreclosure property, minus (B) the sum of certain items of
non-cash income. In addition, the Company will be required to distribute at
least 95% of any Built-in Gain (after tax ) it may recognize during the 10-
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year period commencing on the date it acquires assets with a built-in gain from
a Subchapter C corporation in a carryover basis transaction. Such distributions
must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following
taxable year if declared before the Company timely files its tax return for such
year and if paid on or before the first regular distribution payment after such
declaration. To the extent that the Company does not distribute all of its net
capital gain or distributes at least 95%, but less than 100%, of its "REIT
taxable income," as adjusted, it will be subject to tax thereon at regular
corporate tax rates. Finally, as discussed above, the Company may be subjected
to an excise tax if it fails to meet certain other distribution requirements.
It is possible that the Company, from time to time, may not have sufficient
cash or other liquid assets to meet the 95% distribution requirement due to
timing differences between (i) the actual receipt of income and actual payment
of deductible expenses and (ii) the inclusion of such income and deduction of
such expenses in arriving at taxable income of the Company. In the event that
such timing differences occur, the Company may find it necessary to arrange for
borrowings or pay taxable stock dividends in order to meet the 95% requirement.
Under certain circumstances the Company may be able to rectify a failure to
meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying "deficiency dividends" to
shareholders in a later year, which may be included in the Company's deduction
for distributions paid for the earlier year. Thus, although the Company may be
able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency distributions, it
will be required to pay interest based upon the amount of any deduction taken
for deficiency distributions.
Failure to Qualify as a Real Estate Investment Trust
The Company's election to be treated as a REIT will be automatically
terminated if the Company fails to meet the requirements described above. In
that event, the Company will be subject to tax (including any applicable
alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate rates, and
distributions to shareholders will not be deductible by the Company. All
distributions to shareholders will be taxable as ordinary income to the extent
of current and accumulated earnings and profits and will be eligible for the 70%
dividends received deduction for corporations. The Company will not be eligible
again to elect REIT status until the fifth taxable year which begins after the
year for which the Company's election was terminated unless the Company did not
willfully fail to file a timely return with respect to the termination taxable
year, inclusion of incorrect information in such return was not due to fraud
with intent to evade tax, and the Company establishes that failure to meet the
requirement was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect. Failure to
qualify for even one year could result in the Company incurring substantial
indebtedness (to the extent borrowings are feasible) or liquidating substantial
investments in order to pay the resulting taxes.
Federal Income Taxation of Shareholders
General. As long as the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT,
distributions made to the Company's shareholders out of current or accumulated
earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends) will be
includable by the shareholders as ordinary income for federal income tax
purposes. None of these distributions will be eligible for the dividends
received deduction for corporate shareholders. Distributions that are designated
as capital gain dividends will be taxed as long-term capital gains (to the
extent they do not exceed the Company's actual net capital gain for the taxable
year) without regard to the period for which the shareholder has held his
shares. Thus, subject to certain limitations, capital gains dividends received
by an individual U.S. shareholder may be eligible for the 20%, 25% or 28% tax
rates on capital gains. Corporate shareholders, however, may be required to
treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. A REIT may
elect to retain and pay income tax on any net long-term capital gains and
require its shareholders to include such undistributed net capital gains in
their income. If a REIT makes such an election, the REIT's shareholders would
receive a tax credit attributable to their share of capital gains tax paid by a
REIT on the undistributed net capital gains that were included in the
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shareholders' income, and such shareholders will receive an increase in the
basis of their shares in the amount of undistributed net capital gain included
in their income reduced by the amount of the credit.
Distributions in excess of current or accumulated earnings and profits will
not be taxable to a shareholder to the extent that they do not exceed the
adjusted basis of the shareholder's Common Shares. Shareholders will be required
to reduce the tax basis of their Common Shares by the amount of such
distributions until such basis has been reduced to zero, after which such
distributions will be taxable at capital gain rates (except with respect to a
shareholder who holds his Common Shares as a dealer). The tax basis as so
reduced will be used in computing the capital gain or loss, if any, realized
upon the sale of the Common Shares. Shareholders may not include in their
individual federal income tax returns any net operating losses or capital losses
of the Company. In addition, any distribution declared by the REIT in October,
November or December of any year payable to a shareholder of record on a
specified date in any such month shall be treated as both paid by the REIT and
received by the shareholder on December 31 of such year, provided that the
dividend is actually paid by the REIT no later than January 31 of the following
year. The REIT may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain
distributions to any shareholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status
to the REIT.
Foreign Shareholders. In general, each foreign corporation, partnership and
nonresident alien individual that does not hold its, his or her REIT shares in
connection with the conduct of a United States trade or business, will be
subject to a 30% tax (or lesser amount, as provided by an applicable income tax
treaty) on all ordinary dividends paid with respect to such REIT shares. The
REIT itself will be required to withhold and pay over such tax. If a foreign
shareholder holds such shareholder's REIT shares in connection with the conduct
of a Untied States trade or business, and provides the REIT with a properly
executed Form 4224, such shareholder will be subject to tax on ordinary
dividends in the same manner as a United States person and the REIT will not
withhold any distributions to such shareholder. Distributions in excess of
current and accumulated earnings and profits of the Company will not be taxable
to a non-U.S. shareholder to the extent they do not exceed the adjusted basis of
the shareholder's Common Shares. Rather, such distributions will reduce the
adjusted basis of such Common Shares, but not below zero. To the extent that
such distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a non-U.S. shareholder's Common
Shares, they will give rise to tax liability if the non-US shareholder would
otherwise be subject to tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of the
Common Shares in the Company as described below. If, at the time the
distribution was made, it cannot be determined whether the distribution will be
in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions
will be subject to withholding at the same rate as a dividend. However, such
amounts would be refundable if it is subsequently determined that such
distribution was in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits of
the Company.
To the extent a foreign shareholder receives REIT distributions
attributable to the sale or exchange of United States real property interests
held by the REIT, each foreign shareholder will be treated as having engaged in
a United States trade or business and, therefore, will be subject to United
States federal income tax in the same manner as a United States person on such
distributions. The REIT (or the United States nominees of a foreign shareholder)
must withhold 34% of all distributions to a foreign shareholder attributable to
the disposition of United States real property interests which are designated as
capital gain dividends, unless the foreign shareholder has provided the REIT (or
its United States nominee) with a statement claiming a withholding exemption
from the Internal Revenue Service. A foreign shareholder will be entitled to a
credit against his United States income tax equal to the amount so withheld.
Generally, a foreign person will not be subject to United States income tax
on any gain recognized upon a sale or exchange of such person's REIT shares.
However, if the REIT does not qualify as a "domestically controlled REIT", a
non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to tax on gain recognized upon the sale of
the shares. A domestically controlled REIT is defined as a REIT in which at all
times during a specified testing period less than 50% in number or value of the
shares are held directly or indirectly by foreign persons. It is anticipated
that the Company will qualify as a domestically controlled REIT. Non- U.S.
shareholders will also be taxed on gain recognized from the sale of their shares
in the REIT if (i) the investment in such shares is effectively connected with
the non-U.S. shareholder's United States trade or
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business, in which case a shareholder will be subject to the same treatment as
U.S. shareholders with respect to such gain, or (ii) the non-U.S. shareholder is
a non-resident alien who is present in the United States for 183 days or more
during the taxable year and has a tax home in the United States, in which case
the non-resident alien will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual's capital
gain.
Foreign persons contemplating an investment in REIT shares should consult
their home country tax advisors concerning the tax treatment of such investment
under their home country laws, including their ability, if any, to obtain a tax
credit for any United States taxes paid.
Backup Withholding. The REIT will report to its shareholders and the IRS
the amount of distributions paid during each calendar year, and the amount of
tax withheld, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a shareholder may be
subject to backup withholding at the rate of 20%, which rate will increase to
31% for amounts paid after December 31, 1993, with respect to distributions paid
unless such holder (a) is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt
categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact, or (b) has provided a
correct taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption
from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of
the backup withholding rules. A shareholder that does not provide the REIT with
a correct taxpayer identification number may also be subject to penalties
imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable
against the shareholder's income tax liability.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders. The IRS has ruled that amounts distributed as
distributions by a REIT to a certain tax exempt pension trust did not constitute
unrelated business taxable income ("UBTI"). Although rulings are merely
interpretations of law by the IRS and may be revoked or modified, based on this
analysis, indebtedness incurred by the REIT in connection with the acquisition
of an investment should not cause any income derived from the investment to be
treated as UBTI to a Tax Exempt Entity. A Tax Exempt Entity that incurs
indebtedness to finance its purchase of shares, however, will have UBTI by
virtue of the acquisition indebtedness rules.
Tax exempt organizations contemplating an investment in REIT shares should
consult their individual tax advisors concerning the tax treatment of such
investment.
State and Local Taxation
The Company and its shareholders may be subject to state or local taxation
in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which it or they
transact business or reside. Consequently, prospective shareholders should
consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws
on an investment in the Company.
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
As described elsewhere herein, "Selling Shareholders" are only those
persons who may receive Redemption Shares upon the exchange of 3,175,771 OP
Units acquired pursuant to the Contribution Agreement. The following table
provides the number of OP Units held by each Selling Shareholder and, therefore,
the maximum number of Redemption Shares issuable upon exchanges of such OP
Units. The Company does not currently expect to issue more than 2,864,000 Common
Shares of redemption of OP Units.
The 2,864,000 Redemption Shares offered by this Prospectus may be offered
from time to time by the Selling Shareholders named below.
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Name OP Units Owned Name OP Units Owned
- ----------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
*Jack H. Pechter 325,833 Emmanuel Glasser 58,796
MHP Investments, L.P. 633,287 Nancy Cohen 58,796
JSP Investments, L.P. 603,287 TSC Associates 60,062
Shelly Pechter Himmelrich 112,932 Albert Perlow and Sonia
Trust F/B/O Melissa Pechter 5,292 Barbara Perlow 41,861
Marilyn Pechter 14,997 Morton Greenberg 40,041
Pechter Family Limited Ronald Weitzman 13,323
Partnership 666,949 TSFP Associates 26,718
Tripec Associates Limited Dora Schwartz 20,093
Partnership 163,138 Stuart Weitzman 13,323
Radcliffe Properties, Inc. 889 Robert N. Meyers 40,041
Victor Cohen Irrevocable Darrell Friedman 21,841
Trust 205,785 Ben Schreibman 21,841
Saul Offit 13,323 Non-Exempt Marital Trust
u/w/o Albert Weitzman 13,323
- ---------------------------------------
*Mr. Pechter is the Deputy Chairman of the Board of Trustees and the Senior Real
Estate Advisor to the Company.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
This Prospectus relates to (a) the possible issuance by the Company of
up to 2,864,000 Redemption Shares, it, and to the extent that, holders of up to
2,864,000 OP Units tender such OP Units for exchange, and (b) the offer and sale
from time to time of up to 2,864,000 Redemption Shares that may be issued to the
Selling Shareholders. The Company does not currently expect to issue more than
2,864,000 Common Shares in redemption of OP Units.
The Company has registered the Redemption Shares for sale to permit the
holders thereof to sell such shares without restriction in the open market or
otherwise, but registration of such shares does not necessarily mean that any of
such shares will be offered or sold by the holders thereof.
The Company will not receive any cash proceeds from the offering by the
Selling Shareholders or from the issuance of the Redemption Shares to holders of
OP Units upon receiving a notice of redemption. The Company will acquire one OP
Unit from an exchanging partner, in exchange for each Redemption Share that the
Company issues. Consequently, with each redemption, the Company's interest in
the Operating Partnership will increase.
Secondary shares may be sold from time to time by the Selling
Shareholders, or by their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in
interest. Such sales may be made on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market or
otherwise, at prices and at terms then prevailing or at prices related to the
then current market price, or in negotiated transactions. Secondary shares may
be sold by the Selling Shareholders by one or more of the following: (a) a block
trade in which the broker-dealer so engaged will attempt to sell such Secondary
Shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal
to facilitate the transaction; (b) purchase of such secondary shares by a
broker-dealer as principal and resale by such broker-dealer for its account
pursuant to this Prospectus; and (c) ordinary brokerage transactions and
transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers. In effecting sales,
broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Shareholders may arrange for other
broker-dealers to participate in the resales.
Broker-dealers or agents may receive compensation in the form of
commissions, discounts or concessions from Selling Shareholders in amounts to be
negotiated in connection with the sales. Such
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broker-dealers and any other participating broker-dealers may be deemed to be
"underwriters" within the meaning of the Securities Act, in connection with such
sales, and any such commission, discount or concession may be deemed to be
underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. In addition, any
Common Shares covered by this Prospectus which qualify for sale pursuant to Rule
144 under the Securities Act may be sold under Rule 144 rather than pursuant to
this Prospectus.
All costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the
Redemption Shares, including any Secondary Shares sold by the Selling
Shareholders, will be borne by the Company. Commissions and discounts, if any,
attributable to the sales of Secondary Shares by the Selling Shareholders will
be borne by the Selling Shareholders.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters will be passed upon for the Company by Gordon,
Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger & Hollander, LLC, Baltimore, Maryland. Marc P.
Blum, a trustee of the Company, is a member of such firm and LeRoy E.
Hoffberger, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Company, is of counsel to
such firm.
EXPERTS
The financial statements and schedules of Mid-Atlantic Realty Trust as
of December 31, 1997 and 1996 and for each of the years in the three-year period
ended December 31, 1997, have ben incorporated by reference herein and in the
registration statement in reliance upon the report of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP,
independent certified public accountants, incorporated by reference herein and
upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing. The
report of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP covering the December 31, 1995 financial
statements refers to a change in the method of accounting for percentage rent
revenues.
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the estimated expenses payable by the Company in
connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities registered
hereby:
SEC Registration Fee $ 10,720
-------------
Accounting fees and expenses 4,000
Legal fees and expenses 20,000
Printing and engraving 21,500
Miscellaneous 780
Total $ 38,000
-------------
Item 15. Indemnification of Trustees and Officers.
Under Maryland law, a Maryland real estate investment trust is
permitted to limit, by provision in its declaration of trust, the liability of
trustees and officers so that no trustee or officer shall be liable to the trust
or to any shareholder for money damages except (i) for and to the extent of
actual receipt of an improper personal benefit in money, property or services,
or (ii) for active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as
being material to the cause of action. The Registrant's Declaration of Trust has
incorporated these provisions.
The Registrant's Declaration of Trust and Bylaws require the Registrant
to indemnify its Trustees and officers to the fullest extent permitted under
Maryland law. As a result, the Registrant is required to indemnify any present
or former Trustee or officer against any claim or liability, including all
judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and expenses, unless it is established
that (i) his act or omission was committed in bad faith or was the result of
active and deliberate dishonesty, (ii) he actually received an improper personal
benefit in money, property or services or (iii) in the case of a criminal
proceeding, he had reasonable cause to believe that his act or omission was
unlawful. In addition, the Registrant is required to pay or reimburse, in
advance of final disposition of a proceeding, reasonable expenses incurred by
such person provided that the Registrant shall have received (i) a written
affirmation by the Trustee or officer of his good faith belief that he has met
the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Registrant, and
(ii) a written undertaking by or on his behalf to repay the amount paid or
reimbursed by the Registrant if it shall ultimately be determined that the
standard of conduct was not met. The Registrant's Declaration of Trust and
Bylaws also require the Registrant to provide indemnification, payment or
reimbursement of expenses to a present or former director or officer who served
a predecessor of the Registrant in such capacity, and to any employee or agent
of the Registrant or a predecessor of the Registrant, and permit the Registrant
to provide such other and further indemnification or payment or reimbursement of
expenses as may be permitted by Section 2-418 of the Maryland General
Corporation Law for directors of a Maryland corporation.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act of 1933 may be permitted to Trustees and officers of the Registrant pursuant
to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that,
although the validity and scope of the governing statute has not been tested in
court, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy
as expressed in such Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In addition,
indemnification may be limited by state securities laws.
II-1
<PAGE>
Item 16. Exhibits.
3.1 The Company's Declaration of Trust dated June 29, 1993. (Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 3(a) of the Company's Post-Effective Amendment
No. 2 to Form S-11 on Form S-3 (Registration No. 33-66386)
3.2 Bylaws of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(b) of the
Company's Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Form S-11 on Form S-3
(Registration No. 33-66386)
3.3 The Company's Agreement of Limited Partnership dated as of the 27th day
of June, 1997, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (c)(2) of the
Company's Form 8-K (File No. 1-12286))
4.1 Specimen of certificate for Common Shares of Beneficial Interest.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 33-66396)
5.1 Opinion of Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger & Hollander, LLC
regarding the legality of securities.*
8.1 Opinion of Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger & Hollander, LLC
regarding certain tax matters.*
10.1 Registration Rights Agreement among the Company and the Initial OP Unit
Holders named therein dated as of June 27, 1997.*
10.2 The Operating Partnership's Agreement for Contribution of Interest,
dated April 1, 1997, among the Company, the Operating Partnership and
the Limited Partners Constituting the Members of the Pechter Group.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (c)(1) of the Company's Form 8-K
(File No. 1-12286))
23.1 Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP.* 24.1 Power of Attorney (included on
signature page).
- ---------------------------
* Filed herewith
Item 17. Undertakings.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being
made, a post-effective amendment to this registration
statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of
the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii)To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising
after the effective date of the registration statement (or
the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which,
individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental
change in the information set forth in the registration
statement;
(iii)To include any material information with respect to the
plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the
registration statement or any material change to such
information in the registration statement;
Provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i) and (1)(ii) do not apply if
the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those
paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed by the Registrant pursuant to
section 13 or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by
reference in the registration statement.
(2) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be
a new registration statement relating to the securities
II-2
<PAGE>
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment
any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of
the offering.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the
Registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange
Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's
annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is
incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a
new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of
the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the
Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment
by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or
controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person
in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless
in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will
be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
II-3
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the
Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all
of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration
statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in Lutherville, Maryland, on July 14, 1998.
MID-ATLANTIC REALTY TRUST
By: /s/ F. Patrick Hughes
------------------------------------
F. Patrick Hughes, President
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned, whose
signature appears below constitutes and appoints LeRoy E. Hoffberger, F. Patrick
Hughes, Paul F. Robinson, and each of them, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact
and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and his
name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments
(including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement and to file
the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection
therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory
authority, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agents, full power and
authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary
to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he
might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said
attorney-in-fact and agents, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
registration statement on Form S-3 has been signed by the following persons in
the capacities and on the dates indicates.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Title Date
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
/s/ LeRoy E. Hoffberger Trustee, Chairman of the July 13, 1998
- ----------------------------------------------------- Board of Trustees
LeRoy E. Hoffberger
/s/ F. Patrick Hughes Trustee, President - (Chief July 14, 1998
- ----------------------------------------------------- Executive Officer
F. Patrick Hughes
/s/ Paul G. Bollinger Principal Financial Officer July 14, 1998
- -----------------------------------------------------
Paul G. Bollinger
/s/ David F. Benson Trustee July 14, 1998
- -----------------------------------------------------
David F. Benson
/s/ Marc P. Blum Trustee July 9, 1998
- -----------------------------------------------------
Marc P. Blum
</TABLE>
[SIGNATURES CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE]
II-4
<PAGE>
/s/ Robert A. Frank Trustee July 13, 1998
- -------------------------------------------
Robert A. Frank
/s/ M. Ronald Lipman Trustee July 10, 1998
- -------------------------------------------
M. Ronald Lipman
/s/ Jack H. Pechter Trustee July 14, 1998
- -------------------------------------------
Jack H. Pechter
/s/ Daniel S. Stone Trustee July 9, 1998
- -------------------------------------------
Daniel S. Stone
II-5
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number Description
3.1 The Company's Declaration of Trust dated June 29, 1993
3.2 Bylaws of the Company
3.3 The Company's Agreement of Limited Partnership dated as of the 27th day
of June, 1997
4.1 Specimen of certificate for Common Shares of Beneficial Ownership
5.1 Opinion of Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger & Hollander, LLC
regarding the legality of securities*
8.1 Opinion of Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger & Hollander, LLC
regarding certain tax matters*
10.1 Registration Rights Agreement among the Company and the Initial OP Unit
Holders named therein dated as of June 27, 1997 *
10.2 The Operating Partnership's Agreement for Contribution of Interest,
dated April 1, 1997, among the Company, the Operating Partnership and
the Limited Partners Constituting the Members of the Pechter Group
23.1 Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP*
24.1 Power of Attorney (included on signature page)
- -------------------------
* Filed herewith
II-6
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 5.1
<PAGE>
LAW OFFICES
GORDON, FEINBLATT, ROTHMAN, HOFFBERGER & HOLLANDER, LLC
THE GARRETT BUILDING
233 EAST REDWOOD STREET
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 21202-3332
410-576-4000
Telex 908041 BAL
Fax 410-576-4246
Exhibit 5.1
July 14, 1998
Mid-Atlantic Realty Trust
170 W. Ridgely Road, Suite 300
Lutherville, Maryland 21093
Re: Mid-Atlantic Realty Trust
Registration Statement on Form S-3
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Mid-Atlantic Realty Trust (the
"Company"), a Maryland real estate investment trust, in connection with the
possible issuance by the Company of up to 2,864,000 of the Company's common
shares of beneficial interest, par value $.01 per share (the "Common Shares") to
be issued pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the "Registration
Statement") filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act").
We have examined copies of (i) the Declaration of Trust of the
Company, certified by the State Department of Assessment and Taxation of
Maryland, (ii) the Bylaws of the Company, (iii) the Registration Statement, and
(iv) resolutions adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Company relating to the
matters referred to herein (collectively referred to as the "Documents").
Based upon the foregoing, it is our opinion that the Common
Shares have been duly and validly authorized and, upon completion of the
offering or offerings described in the Registration Statement and upon payment
therefor by the purchasers thereof the Common Shares will be duly and validly
issued and fully paid and nonassessable.
The foregoing opinion is limited to the laws of the State of
Maryland and the United States of America and we do not express any opinion
herein concerning any other law. We assume no obligation to supplement this
opinion if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become
aware of any fact that might change the opinion expressed herein after the date
hereof. The opinion may be relied upon exclusively by you and not by any other
person without our prior written consent.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit
to the Registration Statement and to the use of the name of our Firm therein. In
giving this opinion, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons
whose consent is required by Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.
Very truly yours,
/s/ GORDON, FEINBLATT, ROTHMAN
HOFFBERGER & HOLLANDER, LLC
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 8.1
<PAGE>
LAW OFFICES
GORDON, FEINBLATT, ROTHMAN, HOFFBERGER & HOLLANDER, LLC
THE GARRETT BUILDING
233 EAST REDWOOD STREET
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 21202-3332
410-576-4000
Telex 908041 BAL
Fax 410-576-4246
Exhibit 8.1
July 14, 1998
Mid-Atlantic Realty Trust
170 W. Ridgely Road, Suite 300
Lutherville, Maryland 21093
Re: Mid-Atlantic Realty Trust
Registration Statement on Form S-3
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Mid-Atlantic Realty Trust (the
"Company"), a Maryland real estate investment trust, in connection with the
registration by the Company of up to 2,864,000 of the Company's common shares of
beneficial interest, par value $.01 per share, to be issued pursuant to a
Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the "Registration Statement") filed by the
Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the "Act").
We hereby confirm to you our opinion set forth under the
caption "Federal Income Tax Considerations" in the Registration Statement.
We hereby consent to the filing with the Securities and
Exchange Commission of this letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement
of which the Prospectus is a part and the reference to us in the Prospectus
under the captions "Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Common
Shares of Beneficial Interest" and "Tax Treatment of Redemption of OP Units." In
giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of
person whose consent is required under Section of the Securities Act.
Very truly yours,
/s/ GORDON, FEINBLATT, ROTHMAN,
HOFFBERGER & HOLLANDER, LLC
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 10
<PAGE>
Exhibit 10
REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT
This Registration Rights Agreement (the "Agreement") is made as of June
27, 1997 among MID- ATLANTIC REALTY TRUST, a Maryland real estate investment
trust ("MART"), and the persons and entities named on Schedule 1 hereto
(individually, a "Contributor" and collectively the "Contributors").
RECITALS
a. Pursuant to an Agreement for Contribution of Interests dated as of
April 1, 1997 ("Contribution Agreement"), among the Contributors, MART and MART
Limited Partnership, a Maryland limited partnership (the "Partnership"), the
Contributors have received units of limited partnership interest in the
Partnership (the "Initial Units").
b. Pursuant to the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Partnership
(the "Partnership Agreement") and the Contribution Agreement, by reason of
certain Puts (as defined and described in the Partnership Agreement and
Contribution Agreement), the Partnership may in the future have the obligation
to repurchase Initial Units. In such event, MART will have the option to assume
all or any part of the obligation of the Partnership to pay all or any part of
the repurchase price and, in such event, may do so with its Common Shares of
Beneficial Interest, par value $.01 per share (the "Common Shares").
c. MART has agreed to provide to the Contributors and the Permitted
Transferees (as defined in the Contribution Agreement) the registration rights
herein set forth with respect to any Common Shares issued by MART to the
Contributors upon a Put of their Initial Units.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, the parties agree as
follows:
SECTION 1. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Agreement, the following shall
have the following meanings:
"Closing" shall have the meaning set forth in the Contribution
Agreement.
"Commission" shall mean the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission.
"Demand Period" shall mean the period of time beginning with
the end of the Shelf Period and ending on the earliest of (i) the completion of
demand registrations for registration of the number of Registrable Securities
held by Qualified Holders at the end of the Shelf Period, (ii) at such time as
the number of outstanding Registrable Securities is less than 300,000, or (iii)
the 20th anniversary of the Closing.
"Exchange Act" shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated
thereunder, all as the same shall be in effect at the time.
"Form S-3" shall mean such form under the Securities Act as is
in effect on the date hereof or any successor registration form under the
Securities Act subsequently adopted by the Commission which permits inclusion or
incorporation of substantial information by reference to other documents filed
by a reporting entity with the Commission.
"Outstanding Registrable Securities" shall mean the number of
Registrable Securities held by a Qualified Holder that are then issued and
outstanding as the result of a Put of Initial Units and issued as a dividend
thereon or other distribution with respect thereto.
1
<PAGE>
"Participating Holder" shall mean any Qualified Holder that
elects to include his/her/its Registrable Securities in a registration pursuant
to the terms of this Agreement.
"Permitted Transferee" shall have the meaning set forth in the
Contribution Agreement.
"Person" shall mean and include an individual, an entity, or an
unincorporated organization.
"Qualified Holder" shall mean a Contributor or Permitted
Transferee that holds Initial Units or Outstanding Registrable Securities.
"Register", "registered" and "registration" shall refer to a
registration effected by preparing and filing a registration statement in
compliance with the Securities Act, and the declaration or ordering of
effectiveness of such registration statement.
"Registrable Securities" shall mean all the Common Shares held
by a Qualified Holder that are: (i) issued to him/her/it upon a Put of Initial
Units by a Qualified Holder, or issuable to him/her/it upon the exercise by MART
of its election to pay the Redemption Price (as defined in the Partnership
Agreement) in Shares, and (ii) issued as a stock split, stock dividend or other
distribution or in connection with any recapitalization or reclassification with
respect to any Common Shares referred to in clause (i); excluding in all cases,
however, (x) any Registrable Securities sold pursuant to registration under the
Securities Act, and (y) any Registrable Securities sold or eligible for sale
without registration pursuant to Rule 144 (or similar or successor rule)
promulgated under the Securities Act.
"Securities Act" shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder,
all as the same shall be in effect at the time.
SECTION 2. SHELF REGISTRATION. The Company shall prepare and file with
the Commission a shelf registration statement under Rule 415 of the Securities
Act to register the Registrable Securities. The Company shall use its best
efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective as soon as
possible after the first anniversary of the Closing, and to keep such
registration statement continuously effective for a period of four years plus
any additional extension periods pursuant to the next sentence. The Shelf Period
shall be extended for an additional number of days equal to the number of
business days during the pendency of all Suspension Periods and Blackout Periods
under Section 5 hereof.
SECTION 3. DEMAND REGISTRATION.
(a) Request for Registration. At any time during the Demand
Period, any Qualified Holder holding at least 300,000 Registrable Securities or
such Qualified Holder holding the largest number of Registrable Securities may
request in writing (a "Registration Request") that MART file a registration
statement , for his/her/its benefit and/or for the benefit of any other
Qualified Holders, with the Commission under the Securities Act on Form S-3
(each, a "Demand Registration") covering the registration of at least 100,000
Registrable Securities. Within 10 days after the receipt of a Registration
Request, MART shall give written notice to all other Qualified Holders (the
"Registration Notice") of such request and permit such other Qualified Holders
to participate in such registration by written notice (the "Holder Notice")
received by MART within 10 days after the date the Registration Notice was
given.
Nothing in this Agreement is intended to confer upon any
person the right to demand Shares upon the Put of his/her/its Initial Units, or
to require MART to exercise its right to issue Shares in payment of the
Redemption Price.
(b) Obligations of MART. Upon a Registration Request for a
Demand Registration pursuant to Subsection (a) above, MART shall use its best
efforts (subject to Section 5 hereof) to cause the Demand Registration to become
effective within 45 days after the date the Registration Request was made
2
<PAGE>
("Outside Effective Date") and to remain in effect for at least 90 days after
such Demand Registration is declared effective (excluding business days during
the pendency of any Suspension Period or Blackout Period pursuant to Section 5
of this Agreement). Except as provided in Subsection (c) below, MART shall be
obligated to effect, or to take action to effect, only two Demand Registrations
in any 12 month period pursuant to this Section 3 ("Permitted Demand
Registrations").
(c) Third Request for Demand Registration. If Participating
Holders have made two consecutive requests for a Demand Registration and no
registration statement shall have been declared effective as a result of two or
more Suspension Periods or Blackout Periods, then the Participating Holders in
such registrations shall have the right to make a special request for a Demand
Registration (the "Third Demand Registration") without regard to the number of
prior Permitted Demand Registrations during such 12 month period.
(d) Demand In Connection with a Put. If a Participating Holder
exercises his or her demand rights in connection with a Put of Initial Units,
then the Put will not be settled for Shares prior to the effective date of the
registration statement. If the registration statement is not declared effective
by the Outside Effective Date, then any Participating Holder may withdraw his or
her Registrable Securities from such registration and such registration will not
count toward the number of Permitted Demand Registrations in such 12 month
period. If a Third Demand Registration request is made immediately following two
consecutive Registration Requests that have not been declared effective or have
not permitted sales due to consecutive Suspension Periods and/or Blackout
Periods, and the Third Demand Registration is not declared effective by the
180th day after the first Registration Request was made, even if such delay is
due to a Market Stand-Off Period, then MART shall be required to honor the Put
by payment of cash to the Participating Holders promptly following such 180th
day.
(e) Puts by Small Holders. If a Contributor or Permitted
Transferee Puts less than 100,000 Initial Units and there is not then pending,
requested or proposed any registration of Registrable Securities for any
Qualified Holder, and if MART elects to assume the obligation of the Partnership
to pay the Redemption Price, then, notwithstanding Section 3(a) hereof, MART
shall either (i) pay the Redemption Price in cash or (ii) register the Shares
that may be issued to such holder in accordance with all other terms of this
Agreement and this Section 3. In such event, the registration of such Shares
shall not be deemed as a Demand Registration for purposes of calculating the
Permitted Demand Registrations under Section 3(b) hereof.
(f) Underwritten Demand Registration. If the Participating
Holders initiating the Demand Registration request ("Initiating Holders") intend
to distribute their Registrable Securities covered by their request by means of
an underwritten offering, they shall so advise MART as a part of their request
for registration pursuant to this Section 3, and MART shall include such
information in the Registration Notice. In such event, the right of any
Participating Holder to include his or her Registrable Securities in such Demand
Registration shall be conditioned upon such Participating Holder's entering into
an underwriting agreement in customary form with the managing underwriter or
underwriters selected for such underwriting by MART, provided that the charges
payable by the Participating Holders to such underwriter shall be commercially
reasonable. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 3, if the
underwriter(s) advise(s) MART in writing that successful marketing of the
securities to be distributed in such offering requires a limitation of the
number of securities to be underwritten, then MART shall so advise all
Participating Holders, and the number of Registrable Securities that may be
included in the underwriting shall be reduced as required by the underwriter(s),
and the number of Registrable Securities to be included in such registration
shall be allocated among the Participating Holders on a pro rata basis according
to the number of Registrable Securities held by each Participating Holder
requesting Demand Registration (including the Initiating Holders).
3
<PAGE>
SECTION 4. PIGGYBACK REGISTRATION.
(a) Right to Piggyback Registration. If, at any time that at
least 10% of the Registrable Securities are held by Qualified Holders, MART
proposes to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect
to an offering (a "Primary Offering") of Common Shares for its own account
(other than a registration statement (i) on Form S-8 or any successor form or in
connection with any employee or director benefit or compensation plan, (ii) on
Form S-4 or any successor form or in connection with an exchange offer, (iii) in
connection with a rights offering exclusively to existing holders of Common
Shares of other securities of MART, (iv) in connection with an offering solely
to employees of MART or its affiliates, (v) relating to a transaction described
in Rule 145 of the Securities Act, or (vi) a shelf registration described in
Rule 415 of the Securities Act, then MART will:
(i) give written notice of such proposed Primary Offering to
all Qualified Holders as soon as practicable but in no event less than 20 days
before the anticipated filing date of the registration statement (the "Piggyback
Notice"). The Piggyback Notice shall offer such Qualified Holders the
opportunity to request that MART register such amount of their Registrable
Securities as each such Qualified Holder may request, and shall state the date
that the offering is anticipated to become effective (the "Anticipated Offering
Date"); and
(ii) include in such proposed Primary Offering all
Registrable Securities specified in written requests by the Qualified Holders
that are received by MART within 10 days after the date the Piggyback Notice was
given.
If it is expected that the Anticipated Offering Date will be delayed by more
than 30 days, then MART shall use its best efforts to again give notice to the
Qualified Holders of the new Anticipated Offering Date and permit them the
opportunity to include their Registrable Securities in, or remove their
Registrable Securities from, the registration statement.
(b) Excluded from Piggyback Registration Rights.
Notwithstanding the piggyback registration rights of Qualified Holders described
in this Section 4, such rights do not apply in the event that:
(i) it is reasonably anticipated at the time MART reaches
agreement with the managing underwriter that the Primary Offering will commence
within 20 days from and after such date;
(ii) the underwriters, acting reasonably, determine that the
Primary Offering would be unreasonably delayed by the allowance of piggyback
registration rights hereunder; and
(iii) the Primary Offering, in fact, does not include any
Shares held by any person other than MART.
(c) Underwritten Public Offering. If the Primary Offering is
an underwritten public offering on behalf of MART, MART's obligation to include
in such registration the Registrable Securities of any Participating Holder
shall be conditioned upon the Participating Holder entering into an underwriting
agreement with the underwriters, agreeing to be bound by all terms and
conditions of the offering, and providing such complete and accurate information
as the underwriter may request, including information for inclusion in the
registration statement. If the managing underwriter advises MART in writing that
the total number of Common Shares requested to be included in such offering by
the Participating Holders and by MART exceeds the number of Common Shares which,
in the opinion and at the reasonable discretion of such managing underwriter,
can be included in the offering without adversely affecting the offering, the
price range of the Common Shares offered or the probability of success of such
offering, MART will include in such offering (i) first, all Common Shares that
MART proposes to offer, and (ii) second, up to the full number of Registrable
Securities requested by Participating Holders to be included in such
registration that the managing underwriter reasonably believes will not so
affect the offering. In such event,
4
<PAGE>
the number of Common Shares to be included in such offering by all holders,
including the Participating Holders, shall be allocated pro rata among all such
holders on the basis of the total number of Common Shares (including Registrable
Securities) subject to registration rights that are held by each such holder
(regardless of the number of Common Shares requested to be included in such
registration). In the case of a request for registration pursuant to this
Section 4 in connection with a Put, the Put will not be settled for Shares
before the effective date of the registration statement which includes such
Registrable Securities and shall be considered as never having been exercised to
the extent that the Registrable Securities are not so included.
SECTION 5. SUSPENSION PERIOD; BLACKOUT PERIOD.
(a) Commission Stop Order. MART shall promptly give notice to
all Participating Holders of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order
suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed pursuant to
this Agreement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose. MART shall
use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal of any order suspending the
effectiveness of any such registration statement at the earliest possible time.
(b) Suspension Events. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary set forth in this Agreement, MART's obligation under this Agreement to
register any Registrable Securities shall be suspended upon notice by MART to
all Participating Holders of the occurrence of any one or more of the following
events ("Suspension Events"):
(i) a determination by MART, evidenced by a
certificate signed by the President or Chief
Executive Officer of MART, stating that in the good
faith judgment of the Board of Trustees of MART it
would be seriously detrimental to MART and its
stockholders for such registration statement to be
filed and it is therefore essential to defer the
filing of such registration statement;
(ii) a determination by MART to effect an
underwritten Primary Offering, if MART is advised by
the managing underwriter that the offer or sale of
Registrable Securities hereunder would have a
material adverse effect on the proposed offering;
(iii) pending negotiations relating to, or
consummation of, a transaction or the occurrence of
an event that would require additional disclosure of
material information by MART in the registration
statement or which renders MART unable to comply with
applicable disclosure requirements in connection with
the registration or sale of the Registrable
Securities; or
(iv) the issuance of a stop order.
(c) Duration of Suspension Period. Any suspension pursuant to
Subsection (b) shall commence on the date notice ("Suspension Notice") is given
by MART to all Participating Holders of such Suspension Event, and shall
continue in effect until such time that (i) notice is given by MART that such
Suspension Event or its effect no longer exists, or (ii) the passage of 120 days
after the Suspension Notice was given (the "Suspension Period"), whichever is
earlier.
(d) Blackout Period. Following the effectiveness of any
registration statement hereunder, each Participating Holder agrees that no
offers or sales of any Registrable Securities owned or held by such Person will
be effected after MART shall have given notice ("Blackout Notice") of any
Suspension Event which states that no offers or sales shall be made, until such
time that (i) notice is given by MART that offers and sales may recommence, or
(ii) the passage of 120 days after the Blackout Notice has been given (the
"Blackout Period"), whichever is earlier.
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(e) Limit on No Sale Period. In no event will the combined
duration of all Suspension Periods and Blackout Periods during any calendar year
exceed 150 days, and the combined duration of all Suspension Periods, Blackout
Periods and Market Stand-Off Periods during any calendar year exceed 180 days.
If in connection with any Put the combined duration of all Suspension Periods,
Blackout Periods and Market Stand-Off Periods during any calendar year exceeds
180 days, then MART shall be required to honor the Put by payment of cash to the
Putting Participating Holders promptly following such 180th day.
SECTION 6. EXPENSES OF REGISTRATION. All expenses incurred in
connection with a registration pursuant to this Agreement, including, without
limitation, all federal and "blue sky" registration and qualification fees,
printers' and accounting fees, fees and disbursements of counsel for MART shall
be borne by MART. Each Participating Holder shall bear a proportionate share of
all discounts, commissions or other amounts payable to underwriters or brokers
in connection with such offering and of the expenses of counsel for
Participating Holders. MART shall not be required to pay for expenses of any
registration request pursuant to Section 3 if the registration request is
subsequently withdrawn at the request of the Participating Holders of a majority
of all of the Registrable Securities to be registered unless such withdrawal is
pursuant to a right of withdrawal provided for in this Agreement.
SECTION 7. REGISTRATION PROCEDURES.
(a) Whenever required to effect a registration of any
Registrable Securities under this Agreement, MART shall, as expeditiously as
reasonably possible:
(i) Prepare and file with the Commission such
amendments and supplements to such registration statement and
the prospectus used in connection with such registration
statement as may be necessary to comply with the provisions of
the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all
securities covered by such registration statement.
(ii) Furnish to the Participating Holders such number
of copies of a prospectus, including a preliminary prospectus,
in conformity with the requirement of the Securities Act, and
such other documents as they may reasonably request in order
to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities
owned by them that are included in such registration.
(iii) In the event of any underwritten public
offering, enter into and perform its obligations under an
underwriting agreement, in usual and customary form, with the
managing underwriter(s) of such offering. Each Participating
Holder in such underwriting shall also enter into and perform
its obligations under such an agreement.
(iv) Notify each Participating Holder of Registrable
Securities covered by such registration statement at any time
when a prospectus relating thereto is required to be delivered
under the Securities Act of the happening of any event as a
result of which the prospectus included in such registration
statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of
a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading in the light of the circumstances then
existing.
(v) Furnish, at the request of any Participating
Holder requesting registration of Registrable Securities, on
the date that such Registrable Securities are delivered to the
underwriters for sale, if such securities are being sold
through underwriters, or, if such securities are not being
sold through underwriters, on the date that the registration
statement with respect to such securities becomes effective,
(x) an opinion, dated as of such date, of the counsel
representing MART for the purposes of such registration, in
form and substance as is customarily given to underwriters in
an underwritten public offering and reasonably
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satisfactory to a majority in interest of the Participating
Holders requesting registration of Registrable Securities and
(y) a "comfort" letter dated as of such date, from the
independent certified public accountants of MART, in form and
substance as is customarily given by independent certified
public accountants to underwriters in an underwritten public
offering and reasonably satisfactory to a majority in interest
of the Participating Holders requesting registration,
addressed to the underwriters, if any, and to the
Participating Holders requesting registration of the
Registrable Securities.
SECTION 8. FURNISH INFORMATION. It shall be a condition precedent to
the obligations of MART to take any action pursuant to Sections 2, 3 and 4 that
the Participating Holders shall furnish such complete and accurate information
regarding themselves, the Registrable Securities held by them, the intended
method of disposition of such securities and such other information as MART (or
any underwriter) shall reasonably require to effect the registration of their
Registrable Securities.
SECTION 9. SALES PURSUANT TO RULE 144. MART shall have no obligations
to register any Common Shares hereunder to the extent that, in the opinion of
counsel to MART, such Common Shares may be sold in a three-month period without
registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities
Act.
SECTION 10. LIMITATION ON CERTAIN REGISTRATION RIGHTS. MART will not
grant to any person other than a Qualified Holder, the right to include or
piggyback their Common Shares or other securities in any demand registration or
shelf registration filed pursuant to this Agreement. Anything in this Agreement
to the contrary notwithstanding, Qualified Holders shall have no right to
register their Registrable Securities in any registration statement filed by
MART pursuant to demand registration rights granted to any Person other than the
Qualified Holders.
SECTION 11. INDEMNIFICATION. In the event any Registrable Securities
are included in a registration statement under this Agreement:
(a) Indemnification by MART. To the extent permitted by law,
MART shall indemnify and hold harmless each Participating Holder, the partners,
officers and directors of each Participating Holder, any underwriter (as defined
in the Securities Act) for such Participating Holder and each Person, if any,
who controls such Participating Holder or underwriter within the meaning of the
Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any losses, claims, damages, or
liabilities (joint or several) to which they may become subject under the
Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or state law, insofar as such
losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out
of or are based upon any of the following statements, omissions or violations
(collectively, a "Violation"):
(i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement
of a material fact contained in such registration statement,
including any preliminary prospectus or final prospectus
contained therein or any amendments or supplements thereto,
(ii) the omission or alleged omission to state
therein a material fact required to be stated therein, or
necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or
(iii) any violation or alleged violation by MART of
the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any federal or state
securities law or any rule or regulation promulgated under the
Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any federal or state
securities law in connection with the offering covered by such
registration statement,
and MART shall reimburse each such Participating Holder, partner, officer, or
director, underwriter or controlling Person for any legal or other expenses
reasonably incurred by them, as incurred, in connection with investigating or
defending such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; provided however, that
the indemnity agreement contained in this Section shall not apply to amounts
paid in settlement of any such
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loss, claim, damage, liability or action if such settlement is effected without
the consent of MART (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), nor
shall MART be liable in any case for any such loss, claim, damage, liability or
action to the extent that it arises out of or is based upon a Violation which
occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished
expressly for use in connection with such registration by such Participating
Holder, partner, officer, director, underwriter or controlling Person of such
Participating Holder.
(b) Indemnification by Participating Holders of Registrable
Securities. To the extent permitted by law, each Participating Holder shall
indemnify and hold harmless MART, each of its directors, each of its officers
who have signed the registration statement, each Person, if any, who controls
MART within the meaning of the Securities Act, any underwriter and any other
Participating Holder selling securities under such registration statement or any
of such other Participating Holder's partners, directors or officers or any
Person who controls such Participating Holder within the meaning of the
Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any losses, claims, damages or
liabilities (joint or several) to which MART or any such director, officer,
controlling Person, underwriter or other such Participating Holder, partner or
director, officer or controlling Person of such other Participating Holder may
become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or
state law, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in
respect thereto) arise out of or are based upon any Violation, in each case to
the extent (and only to the extent) that such Violation occurs in reliance upon
and in conformity with written information furnished by such Participating
Holder expressly for use in connection with such registration; and each such
Participating Holder shall reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred by MART or any such director, officer, controlling Person, underwriter
or other Participating Holder, partner, officer, director or controlling Person
of such other Participating Holder in connection with investigating or defending
any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; provided however, that the
indemnity agreement contained in this Section shall not apply to amounts paid in
settlement of any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action if such
settlement is effected without the consent of the Participating Holder, which
consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; and provided further, that the total
amounts payable in indemnity by a Participating Holder under this Section in
respect of any Violation shall not exceed the net proceeds received by such
Participating Holder in the registered offering out of which such Violation
arises.
(c) Conduct of Indemnification Proceedings. Promptly after
receipt by an indemnified party under this Section of notice of the commencement
of any action (including any governmental action), such indemnified party shall,
if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under
this Section deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the
commencement thereof and the indemnifying party shall have the right to
participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly
with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume the defense
thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the parties; provided however,
that an indemnified party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, with
the fees and expenses to be paid by the indemnifying party, if representation of
such indemnified party by the counsel retained by indemnifying party would be
inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interest between such
indemnified party and any other party represented by such counsel in the
proceeding. The failure to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party
within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action, if prejudicial
to its ability to defend such action, shall relieve such indemnifying party of
any liability to the indemnified party under this Section, but the omission so
to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party shall not relieve it of any
liability that it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this
Section.
(d) Applicable to Preliminary Prospectus. The foregoing
indemnity agreements of MART and Participating Holders are subject to the
condition that, insofar as they related to any Violation made in a preliminary
prospectus but eliminated or remedied in the amended prospectus on file with the
Commission at the time the registration statement in question becomes effective
or the amended prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)
under the Securities Act (the "Final Prospectus"), such indemnity agreement
shall not inure to the benefit of any Person if a copy of the Final Prospectus
was furnished to the indemnified party and was not furnished to the Person
asserting the loss, liability, claim or damage at or prior to the time such
action is required by the Securities Act.
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(e) Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in this
Section 11 is unavailable to a party that would have been an indemnified party
under this Section 11 in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities
(or actions or proceedings in respect thereof) referred to herein, then each
party that would have been an indemnifying party hereunder shall, in lieu of
indemnifying such indemnified party, contribute to the amount paid or payable by
such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof) in such proportion as
is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of such indemnifying party on the
one hand and such indemnified party on the other in connection with the
statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof). The relative fault
shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the Violation
relates to information supplied by such indemnifying party or such indemnified
party and the parties, relative intent, knowledge, access to information and
opportunity to correct or prevent such Violation. The parties agree that it
would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 11(e)
were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation
which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the
preceding sentence. The amount paid or payable by a contributing party as a
result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings
in respect thereof) referred to above in this Section 11(e) shall include any
legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in
connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. No person
guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of
the 1933 Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not
guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The liability of any Participating
Holder in respect of any contribution obligation of such Holder (after deduction
of all underwriters' discounts and commissions paid by such Participating Holder
in connection with the registration in question) arising under this Section
11(e) shall not in any event exceed an amount equal to the net proceeds to such
Participating Holder from the disposition of the Registrable Securities disposed
of by such Participating Holder pursuant to such registration.
(f) Survival. The obligations of MART and Participating
Holders under this Section shall survive the completion of any offering of
Registrable Securities in a registration statement, and otherwise.
SECTION 12. MARKET STAND-OFF AGREEMENT. Each Participating Holder
agrees that he, she or it shall not, to the extent required by MART or an
underwriter of securities of MART, sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of any
Registrable Securities for up to that period of time following the effective
date of a registration statement of MART as is reasonably requested by MART or
by the managing underwriter of such offering, such period not to exceed 30 days
("Market Stand-Off Period").
SECTION 13. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by, and
construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Maryland.
SECTION 14. BENEFITS OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement shall be binding upon
and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto but shall not be assignable
without the prior written consent of all parties.
SECTION 15. NOTICES. All notices and other communications hereunder to
any party shall be in writing and sent to the other parties by personal delivery
or by overnight courier or by first class registered or certified mail, return
receipt requested, postage prepaid, and addressed, if to MART, at 170 West
Ridgely Road, Suite 300, Lutherville, Maryland 21093, if to any other party
hereto, at the address set forth on Schedule 1 hereto or such other address as
may hereafter be designated by notice to MART. All notices and communications
hereunder shall be deemed given on the date sent in accordance with this
Agreement.
SECTION 16. CHANGES. The terms and provisions of this Agreement may not
be modified or amended, or any of the provisions hereof waived, temporarily or
permanently, except pursuant to the prior written consent of MART and the
parties hereto holding a majority of the Registrable Securities.
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SECTION 17. COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in one or more
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which
taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
SECTION 18. ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement, together with the
relevant provisions of the Contribution Agreement and the Partnership Agreement,
is intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement and intended
to be the complete and exclusive statement of the agreement and understanding of
the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein. There are
no restrictions, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or
referred to herein, with respect to such subject matter. This Agreement,
together with the relevant provisions of the Contribution Agreement and the
Partnership Agreement, supersedes all prior agreements and understanding between
the parties with respect to such subject matter.
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Registration Rights Agreement has been
executed on the day and year first above written by MART and the Contributors
named on Schedule 1 hereto.
MID-ATLANTIC REALTY TRUST
By: /s/ Paul F. Robinson
--------------------------------
Paul F. Robinson, Vice President
CONTRIBUTOR
---------------------------------------
Signature
----------------------------------------
Print name
----------------------------------------
Address
----------------------------------------
Tel. #:
---------------------------------
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Schedule 1
Jack H. Pechter
40 York Road
Towson, Maryland 21204
Martin H. Pechter
11 Merry Hill Court
Baltimore, Maryland 21208
Jeffrey S. Pechter
8612 Keller Avenue
Stevenson, Maryland 21153
Shelly Pechter Himmelrich
8408 Park Heights Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland 21208
Trust F/B/O Melissa Pechter
c/o Jack H. Pechter
40 York Road
Towson, Maryland 21204
Marilyn Pechter
6 Talton Court
Baltimore, Maryland 21208
Pechter Family Limited Partnership
40 York Road
Towson, Maryland 21204
Tripec Associates Limited Partnership
40 York Road
Towson, Maryland 21204
Radcliffe Properties, Inc.
40 York Road
Towson, Maryland 21204
Victor Cohen Irrevocable Trust
5125 Rolling Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland 21210
Emmanuel Glasser
2402 Velvet Valley Way
Owings Mills, Maryland 21117
Nancy Cohen
5125 Roland Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland 21210
<PAGE>
TSC Associates
c/o Jean Schreibman
1 Gristmill Court, Apt. 501
Baltimore, Maryland 21208
Albert Perlow and Sonia Barbara Perlow
7930 Winterset Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland 21208
Morton Greenberg
19572 Planters Point Drive
Boca Raton, Florida 33434
Ronald Weitzman
3309 Terrapin Road
Baltimore, Maryland 21208
TSFP Associates
c/o I. Gerald Sidle
1 Roland Brook Court
Lutherville, Maryland 21093
Dora Schwartz
14 Tavo Court
New City, New York 10956
Stuart Weitzman
11906 Ridge Valley Road
Owings Mills, Maryland 21117
Robert Meyers
12757 Folly Quarter Road
Ellicott City, Maryland 21042
Darrell Friedman
3508 Bonfield Road
Baltimore, Maryland 21208
Ben Schreibman
1 Gristmill Court, Apt. 501
Baltimore, Maryland 21208
Saul Offit
12 Talton Court
Baltimore, Maryland 21208
Non-Exempt Marital Trust u/w Albert Weitzman
c/o Sidney Weiman, Esquire
Levin & Gann, P.A.
900 Mercantile Bank & Trust Building
2 Hopkins Plaza, Suite 900
Baltimore, Maryland 21201
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 23.1
<PAGE>
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
The Board of Trustees
Mid-Atlantic Realty Trust:
We consent to the use of our report incorporated herein by
reference. Our report refers to a change in the method of accounting for
percentage rent revenues in 1995.
/S/ KPMG PEAT MARWICK LLP
Baltimore, Maryland
July 14, 1998
C74231.626 L:1
<PAGE>
