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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-27662
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
BERMUDA
---------------------------------------------------------
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION
NOT APPLICABLE
---------------------------------------------------------
(I.R.S. EMPLOYER
IDENTIFICATION NO.)
AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL BUILDING, 29 RICHMOND ROAD, PEMBROKE, HM 08, BERMUDA
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
(441) 295-2121
------------------------------
(REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER,
INCLUDING AREA CODE)
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT: NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: COMMON SHARES, PAR
VALUE $0.01 PER SHARE
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if the disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained,
to the best of the Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K [ ]
The aggregate market value of the Registrant's Common Shares held by
non-affiliates of the Registrant as of March 27, 1997, was $366,260,808, based
on the last reported sale price of Common Shares on the Nasdaq National Market
system on that date.
The number of the Registrant's Common Shares, par value U.S. $0.01 per
share, as of March 31, 1997, was 25,000,000.
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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
1. Portions of the Registrant's 1996 Annual Report to Shareholders to be
mailed to shareholders on or about April 15, 1997 (the "Annual Report") are
incorporated by reference into Part II of this Form 10-K. With the exception of
the portions of the Annual Report specifically incorporated herein by reference,
the Annual Report is not deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K.
2. Portions of the Registrant's definitive proxy statement to be filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") pursuant to
Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
"Exchange Act"), relating to the Registrant's Annual Meeting of Shareholders
scheduled to be held June 6, 1997 (the "Proxy Statement") are incorporated
herein by reference. With the exception of the portions of the Proxy Statement
specifically incorporated herein by reference, the Proxy Statement is not deemed
to be filed as part of this Form 10-K.
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IPC HOLDINGS, LTD.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
ITEM NUMBER
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<C> <S> <C>
PART I
1. Business.................................................................... 1
2. Properties.................................................................. 19
3. Legal Proceedings........................................................... 19
4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders......................... 19
PART II
5. Market for the Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters.... 19
6. Selected Financial Data..................................................... 20
7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations.................................................................. 21
8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data................................. 21
9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure.................................................................. 21
PART III
10. Directors and Executive Officers............................................ 21
11. Executive Compensation...................................................... 21
12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.............. 21
13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.............................. 21
PART IV
14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K............ 22
</TABLE>
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PART I
NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning
of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the
Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical
information or statements of current condition. Some forward-looking statements
may be identified by use of terms such as "believes", "anticipates", "intends",
or "expects". These forward-looking statements relate to the plans and
objectives of IPC Holdings, Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of
Bermuda (the "Company"), for future operations. In light of the risks and
uncertainties inherent in all future projections, the inclusion of
forward-looking statements in this report should not be considered as a
representation by the Company or any other person that the objectives or plans
of the Company will be achieved. Numerous factors could cause the Company's
actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking
statements, including the following: (i) the occurrence of catastrophic events
with a frequency or severity exceeding the Company's estimates; (ii) a decrease
in the level of demand for property catastrophe reinsurance, or increased
competition owing to increased capacity of property catastrophe reinsurers;
(iii) any lowering or loss of one of the financial ratings of the Company's
wholly-owned subsidiary, International Property Catastrophe Reinsurance Company,
Ltd., a company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda ("IPC Re" and together
with the Company, "IPC"), or the Company's nonadmitted status in United States
jurisdictions; (iv) loss of services of any one of the Company's executive
officers; (v) the passage of federal or state legislation subjecting the Company
to supervision or regulation in the United States; (vi) challenges by insurance
regulators in the United States or the United Kingdom to the Company's claim of
exemption from insurance regulation under current laws; or (vii) a contention by
the United States Internal Revenue Service that the Company or IPC Re is engaged
in the conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. The foregoing review of
important factors should not be construed as exhaustive; the Company undertakes
no obligation to release publicly the results of any future revisions it may
make to forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the
date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS
The Company, through IPC Re, provides property catastrophe reinsurance and,
to a limited extent, marine, aviation, property-per-risk excess and other
short-tail property reinsurance on a worldwide basis. During 1996, approximately
78% of premiums written covered property catastrophe risks. Property catastrophe
reinsurance covers unpredictable events such as hurricanes, windstorms,
hailstorms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, fires, industrial explosions,
freezes, riots, floods and other man-made or natural disasters. Substantially
all reinsurance written by IPC Re has been, and continues to be, written on an
excess-of-loss basis for primary insurers rather than reinsurers, and is subject
to aggregate limits on exposure to losses. As of January 1, 1997, IPC Re had 310
clients, including many of the leading insurance companies around the world.
Approximately 51% of these clients in 1996 were based in the United States, and
approximately 46% of premiums written during 1996 related primarily to U.S.
risks. IPC Re's non-U.S. clients and covered risks are located principally in
Europe, Japan and Australia/New Zealand. At December 31, 1996, IPC had total
shareholders' equity of $496 million and total assets of $548 million.
In response to a severe imbalance between the global supply of and demand
for property catastrophe reinsurance that developed in the period from 1989
through 1993, IPC commenced operations in July 1993 through the sponsorship of
American International Group, Inc. ("AIG"), a holding company incorporated in
Delaware which through its subsidiaries is primarily engaged in a broad range of
insurance and insurance-related activities and financial services in the United
States and abroad. AIG purchased 24.4% of the initial share capital of the
Company and an option (exercisable in specified conditions) to obtain up to an
additional 10% (on a fully diluted basis, excluding employee stock options) of
the share capital of the Company (the "AIG Option"). Since IPC's formation,
subsidiaries of AIG have provided administrative, investment management and
custodial services to IPC, and the Chairman of the Board of Directors of IPC is
also a
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director and officer of various subsidiaries and affiliates of AIG. AIG has
informed the Company that AIG presently intends to continue its share ownership
in the Company for the foreseeable future. See "Item 13. Certain Relationships
and Related Transactions". For a discussion of the limitation of voting rights
of any 10% or more beneficial owner of Common Shares (including AIG) to less
than 10% of total voting rights, see Amendment No. 1 to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form 8-A, dated February 9, 1996.
On December 20, 1995, in connection with a plan to sell shares to the
public, the Board of Directors of the Company also approved an exchange of the
capital stock of the Company whereby the then existing 1,000 voting and
non-voting shares of the Company were exchanged for common shares (the
"Exchange"). The existing shareholders received 25,000 new common shares, par
value $0.01 per share ("Common Shares") for each of the 1,000 voting or
non-voting shares held at the time of the Offering (as defined herein),
resulting in 25,000,000 Common Shares outstanding.
On March 13, 1996, the Company completed an initial public offering (the
"Offering") in which 13,521,739 Common Shares held by existing shareholders were
sold. All of the Common Shares sold were sold by existing shareholders.
Consequently, the Company did not receive any of the proceeds of the Offering.
The Company paid certain expenses related to the Offering, including certain
expenses on behalf of the selling shareholders.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
IPC's principal strategy is to provide property catastrophe excess-of-loss
reinsurance programs to a geographically diverse, worldwide clientele of primary
insurers with whom IPC maintains long-term relationships. To a lesser extent,
IPC also seeks to provide these clients with other excess-of-loss short-tail
property reinsurance products. See "Reinsurance Products". Management
periodically considers underwriting additional lines of property/casualty
coverage, including on a non-excess-of-loss basis, provided losses can be
limited in a manner comparable to that described below.
The primary elements of IPC's strategy include:
DISCIPLINED RISK MANAGEMENT. IPC seeks to limit and diversify its loss
exposure through six principal mechanisms: (i) writing substantially all of its
premiums on an excess-of-loss basis, which limits IPC's ultimate exposure per
contract and permits IPC to determine and monitor its aggregate loss exposure;
(ii) adhering to maximum limitations on reinsurance accepted in defined
geographical zones; (iii) limiting program size for each client in order to
achieve diversity within and across geographical zones; (iv) administering risk
management controls appropriately weighted with sophisticated modeling
techniques, as well as management's assessment of qualitative factors (such as
the quality of the cedent's management and capital and risk management
strategy); (v) utilizing a range of attachment points for any given program in
order to balance the risks assumed with the premiums written; and (vi) prudent
underwriting of each program written.
CAPITAL-BASED EXPOSURE LIMITS. Each year, IPC establishes maximum
limitations on reinsurance accepted in defined geographic zones on the basis of,
and as a proportion of, shareholders' equity.
CLIENT SELECTION AND PROFILE. Management believes that establishing
long-term relationships with insurers which have sound capital and risk
management strategies is key to creating long-term value for IPC and its
shareholders. IPC has successfully attracted customers that are generally
sophisticated, long-established insurers who desire the assurance not only that
claims will be paid, but that reinsurance will continue to be available after
claims have been paid. Management believes IPC's financial stability and growth
of capital are essential for creating and maintaining these long-term
relationships.
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND SHAREHOLDER RETURNS. IPC manages its capital
relative to its risk exposure in an effort to maximize sustainable long-term
growth in shareholder value, while recognizing that catastrophic losses will
adversely impact short-term financial results from time to time. IPC seeks
growth of capital to protect itself from major catastrophes, to ensure ongoing
customer relationships and to support premium growth opportunities.
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DISCIPLINED INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT. In light of the risks of IPC's
business, IPC's investment portfolio is limited to the top three investment
grades (i.e., AAA, AA or A) at the time of purchase. At December 31, 1996, 98.4%
of the investment portfolio consisted of cash, U.S. Treasuries or other
government agency issues, and investments with an AAA or AA rating.
REINSURANCE PRODUCTS
GENERAL. IPC provides treaty reinsurance principally to insurers of
personal and commercial property worldwide. As described below, IPC writes
substantially all reinsurance on an excess-of-loss basis. IPC's property
catastrophe reinsurance coverages, which accounted for 78% of IPC's premiums
written during 1996, are generally "all-risk" in nature, subject to various
policy exclusions. IPC's predominant exposure under such coverages is to
property damage from unpredictable events such as hurricanes, windstorms,
hailstorms, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, although IPC is also exposed to
losses from sources as diverse as freezes, riots, floods, industrial explosions,
fires, and other man-made or natural disasters. The balance of premiums written
are derived from marine, aviation, property-per-risk excess and other short-tail
property reinsurance. In accordance with market practice, IPC's property
catastrophe reinsurance coverage generally excludes certain risks such as
terrorism, war, pollution, nuclear contamination and radiation.
Because IPC underwrites property catastrophe reinsurance and has large
aggregate exposures to natural and man-made disasters, management expects that
IPC's loss experience generally will include infrequent events of great
severity. Consequently, the occurrence of losses from catastrophic events is
likely to result in substantial volatility in IPC's financial results. In
addition, because catastrophes are an inherent risk of IPC's business, a major
event or series of events can be expected to occur from time to time and to have
a material adverse effect on IPC's financial condition or results of operations,
possibly to the extent of eliminating IPC's shareholders' equity and statutory
surplus. Increases in the values and concentrations of insured property and the
effects of inflation have resulted in increased severity of industry losses in
recent years, and IPC expects that those factors will increase the severity of
catastrophe losses per year in the future.
IPC currently seeks to limit its loss exposure principally by limiting
substantially all of its products to be on an excess-of-loss basis, adhering to
maximum limitations on reinsurance accepted in defined geographic zones,
limiting program size for each client and prudent underwriting of each program
written. There can be no assurance that any of these loss limitation methods
will be effective. There can be no assurance that various provisions of IPC's
policies, such as limitations or exclusions from coverage or choice of forum,
will be enforceable in the manner intended. Disputes relating to coverage or
choice of legal forum can be expected to arise. Geographic zone limitations
involve significant underwriting judgments, including the determination of the
area of the zones and the inclusion of a particular policy within a zone's
limits. Underwriting is inherently a matter of judgment, involving important
assumptions about matters that are inherently unpredictable and beyond IPC's
control, and for which historical experience and probability analysis may not
provide sufficient guidance.
EXCESS-OF-LOSS REINSURANCE CONTRACTS. IPC's policy is to write
substantially all of its business pursuant to excess-of-loss reinsurance
contracts. Such contracts provide a defined limit of liability, permitting IPC
to quantify its aggregate maximum loss exposure. By contrast, maximum liability
under pro-rata contracts is more difficult to quantify precisely. Quantification
of loss exposure is fundamental to IPC's ability to manage its loss exposure
through geographical zone limits and program limits described below.
Excess-of-loss contracts also help IPC to control its underwriting results by
increasing its flexibility to determine premiums for reinsurance at specific
retention levels independent of the premiums charged by primary insurers and
based upon IPC's own underwriting assumptions. In addition, because primary
insurers typically retain a larger loss exposure under excess-of-loss contracts,
they have a greater incentive to underwrite risks and adjust losses in a prudent
manner.
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In addition, IPC diversifies its risk by, to a limited extent, writing
other short-tail property coverages, including risk excess-of-loss, marine and
aviation. These lines diversify risk (although they involve some catastrophe
exposure) and thus reduce the volatility in results of operations caused by
catastrophes. The following table sets forth IPC's premiums written and number
of contracts written by type of reinsurance.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
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1996 1995
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PERCENTAGE OF PERCENTAGE OF
TYPE OF REINSURANCE PREMIUMS PREMIUMS NUMBER OF PREMIUMS PREMIUMS NUMBER OF
ASSUMED WRITTEN WRITTEN CONTRACTS WRITTEN WRITTEN CONTRACTS
- -------------------------- --------------- ------------- --------- -------------- ------------- ---------
(IN THOUSANDS) (IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Catastrophe
excess-of-loss.......... $ 87,313 78.3% 1,238 $ 81,191 78.0% 722
Risk excess-of-loss....... 6,616 5.9% 155 11,032 10.6% 89
Marine reinsurance........ 11,001 9.8% 386 7,525 7.2% 156
Retrocessional
reinsurance............. 1,682 1.5% 61 950 0.9% 21
Aviation (1).............. 3,871 3.5% 19 2,927 2.8% 11
Other..................... 1,086 1.0% 29 471 0.5% 11
-------- ---- ----- -------- ------ -----
Total................... $ 111,569 100% 1,888 $104,096 100.0% 1,010
======== ==== ===== ======== ====== =====
</TABLE>
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(1) In 1995, one aviation contract was on a pro-rata basis; in 1996, two
aviation contracts were on a pro rata basis.
CATASTROPHE EXCESS-OF-LOSS REINSURANCE. Catastrophe excess-of-loss
reinsurance provides coverage to a primary insurer when aggregate claims and
claim expenses from a single occurrence of a peril covered under a portfolio of
primary insurance contracts written by the primary insurer exceed the attachment
point specified in the reinsurance contract with the primary insurer. The
primary insurer can then recover up to the limit of reinsurance it has elected
to buy for each layer. Once a layer is exhausted by collection of claims, the
primary insurer generally buys another reinsurance layer for the same liability
coverage, i.e., a reinstatement, for an additional premium. Most of IPC's
policies are limited to losses occurring during the policy term. A small number
of IPC's policies have terms of more than one year, but each policy contains a
cancellation clause entitling either party to cancel at the anniversary date.
RISK EXCESS-OF-LOSS REINSURANCE. IPC also writes risk excess-of-loss
property reinsurance. This reinsurance responds to a loss of the reinsured in
excess of its retention level on a single "risk", rather than to aggregate
losses for all covered risks, as does catastrophe reinsurance. A "risk" in this
context might mean the insurance coverage on one building or a group of
buildings or the insurance coverage under a single policy which the reinsured
treats as a single risk. Most of the risk excess treaties in which IPC
participates contain a relatively low loss-per-event limit on IPC's liability.
MARINE REINSURANCE. IPC also writes short-tail marine reinsurance for
selected international insurers. Although they primarily involve property
damage, certain marine risks may involve casualty coverage arising from the same
event causing the property damage. Coverage is solely written on an
excess-of-loss basis, so events likely to cause a claim will occur less
frequently. Such events might include the destruction of a drilling platform or
the loss of a sizable vessel and its contents.
AVIATION REINSURANCE. IPC also writes a small book of short-tail aviation
reinsurance on an excess-of-loss basis. Although they primarily involve property
damage, certain aviation risks may involve casualty coverage arising from the
same event causing the property damage. Coverage is generally written in excess
of a substantial attachment point, so events likely to cause a claim will occur
infrequently but be relatively severe. In 1996, the majority of this business
was written in two pro-rata aviation contracts, where the underlying insurance
is written on an excess-of-loss basis.
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GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION
Since inception, IPC has sought to diversify its exposure across geographic
zones around the world in order to obtain the optimum spread of risk. IPC
divides its markets into geographic zones and limits coverage it is willing to
provide for any risk located in a particular zone so as to maintain its
aggregate loss exposure from all contracts covering risks believed to be located
in that zone to a predetermined level.
The predetermined levels are established annually on the basis of, and as a
proportion of, shareholders' equity. If a proposed reinsurance program would
cause the limit then in effect to be exceeded, the program would be declined,
regardless of its desirability, unless retrocessional coverage (i.e., IPC
purchasing reinsurance) could be obtained, thereby reducing the net aggregate
exposure to the maximum limit permitted, or less. If IPC were to suffer a loss
in any fiscal year, thus reducing shareholders' equity, the limits per zone
would be reduced in the next year, with the possible effect that IPC would
thereafter reduce existing business in a zone exceeding such limit.
Currently, management has divided the United States into 8 geographic zones
and its European, Japanese and other markets into a total of 26 zones. IPC
designates as zones geographic areas which, based on historic catastrophe loss
experience reflecting actual catastrophe events and property development
patterns, it believes are most likely to absorb a large percentage of losses
from one catastrophic event. These zones are determined using computer modeling
techniques and underwriting assessments. The zones may overlap and vary in size
with the level of population density and commercial development in a particular
area. The zones with the greatest exposure written are, in the United States,
the Atlantic and Gulf regions and, elsewhere, in the United Kingdom. The
parameters of these geographic zones are subject to periodic review and change.
IPC recognizes that events may affect more than one zone, and to the extent
IPC has accepted reinsurance from a ceding insurer with a loss exposure in more
than one zone, IPC will consider such potential loss in testing its limits in
all such affected zones. For example, the program for a U.S. national carrier
typically will be subject to limits in each U.S. zone. A program with worldwide
exposure will also be subject to limits in U.S. zones or other zones around the
world, as applicable. This results in very substantial "double-counting" of
exposures in determining utilization of an aggregate within a given zone.
Consequently, the total sum insured will be less than the sums of utilized
aggregates for all of the zones.
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The following table sets forth premiums written, number of written
contracts and the percentage of IPC's premiums allocated to the zones of
coverage exposure.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
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1996 1995
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PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE
OF OF
PREMIUMS PREMIUMS NUMBER OF PREMIUMS PREMIUMS NUMBER OF
GEOGRAPHIC AREA (1) WRITTEN WRITTEN CONTRACTS WRITTEN WRITTEN CONTRACTS
- ----------------------- -------------- ---------- --------- -------------- ---------- ---------
(IN THOUSANDS) (IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
United States.......... $ 51,641 46.3% 698 $ 44,516 42.8% 387
Worldwide (2).......... 20,044 18.0% 408 23,977 23.0% 225
Worldwide (excluding
the U.S.)(3)......... 2,429 2.2% 36 2,434 2.3% 14
United Kingdom......... 11,403 10.2% 138 10,299 9.9% 74
Europe (excluding
U.K.)................ 6,523 5.8% 156 5,858 5.6% 70
Japan.................. 5,088 4.6% 81 5,495 5.3% 23
Australia/New
Zealand.............. 6,308 5.6% 75 4,229 4.1% 44
Other.................. 8,133 7.3% 296 7,288 7.0% 173
-------- ----- ----- -------- ----- -----
Total................ $111,569 100.0% 1,888 $104,096 100.0% 1,010
-------- ----- ----- -------- ----- -----
</TABLE>
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Notes: (1) Except as otherwise noted, each of these categories includes
contracts that cover risks primarily located in the designated
geographic area.
(2) Includes contracts that cover risks primarily in two or more
countries, including the United States.
(3) Includes contracts that cover risks primarily in two or more
countries, excluding the United States.
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The following table sets forth IPC's aggregate in-force liability allocated
to the zone of coverage exposure at January 1, 1997 and 1996.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE LIMIT OF
LIABILITY AT JANUARY 1,
----------------------
GEOGRAPHIC AREA (1) 1997 1996
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
United States
New England......................................................... $319,139 $259,988
Atlantic............................................................ 372,820 274,864
Gulf................................................................ 316,845 270,964
North Central....................................................... 294,723 271,213
Mid West............................................................ 277,203 248,978
West................................................................ 300,140 238,113
Alaska.............................................................. 99,079 67,429
Hawaii.............................................................. 106,687 82,011
Total United States(2)...................................... 536,937 431,907
Canada................................................................ 77,774 62,258
Worldwide (3)......................................................... 40,776 27,282
Worldwide (excluding the U.S.)(4)..................................... 30,995 13,385
United Kingdom........................................................ 263,811 183,609
Europe (excluding U.K.)............................................... 288,954 160,179
Japan................................................................. 76,023 105,199
Australia/New Zealand................................................. 126,413 107,631
Other................................................................. 140,806 116,903
</TABLE>
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Notes: (1) Except as otherwise noted, each of these aggregates includes
contracts that cover risks located primarily in the designated
geographic area.
(2) The United States in aggregate is not a zone. The degree of
"double-counting" in the 8 U.S. zones is illustrated by the relation
of the aggregate in-force limit of liability for the United States as
compared to the individual limits of liability in the 8 zones.
(3) Includes contracts that cover risks primarily in two or more
countries, including the United States.
(4) Includes contracts that cover risks primarily in two or more
countries, excluding the United States.
The effectiveness of geographic zone limits in managing risk exposure
depends on the degree to which an actual event is confined to the zone in
question and on the ability of management to determine the actual location of
the risks believed to be covered under a particular reinsurance program.
Accordingly, there can be no assurance that risk exposure in any particular zone
will not exceed that zone's limits.
With respect to U.S. exposures, IPC uses the computer-based systems
described below as one tool in estimating the aggregate losses that could occur
under all its contracts covering U.S. risks as a result of a range of potential
catastrophic events. By evaluating the effects of various potential events,
management monitors whether the risks that could be accepted within a zone are
appropriate in light of other risks already affecting such zone and, in
addition, whether the level of its zone limits is acceptable.
UNDERWRITING AND PROGRAM LIMITS
In addition to geographic zones, IPC seeks to limit its overall exposure to
risk by pursuing a disciplined underwriting strategy which limits the amount of
reinsurance IPC will supply pursuant to a particular program or contract so as
to achieve diversification within and across geographical zones. When it began
operations, IPC maintained program limits of $15 million and contract limits of
$5 million. In 1996, program limits were
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increased to $25 million. In a small number of instances IPC has exceeded these
limits, but not in material amounts. IPC also attempts to distribute its
exposure across a range of attachment points. Attachment points vary and are
based upon an assessment of the ceding insurer's market share of property perils
in any given geographic zone to which the contract relates, as well as the
capital needs of the ceding insurer.
Prior to reviewing any program proposal, IPC considers the appropriateness
of the cedent, including the quality of its management and its capital and risk
management strategy. In addition, IPC requires that each proposed reinsurance
program received by it include information on the nature of the perils to be
included and detailed aggregate information as to the location or locations of
the risks covered under the catastrophe contract. Additional information would
also include the cedent's loss history for the perils being reinsured, together
with relevant underwriting considerations which would impact exposures to
catastrophe reinsurers. IPC first evaluates exposures on new programs in light
of the overall zone limits in any given catastrophe zone, together with program
limits and contract limits, to ensure a balanced and disciplined underwriting
approach. If the program meets all these initial underwriting criteria, IPC then
evaluates the proposal in terms of risk/ reward profile to assess the adequacy
of the proposed pricing and its potential impact on IPC's overall return on
capital. Once a program meets IPC's requirements for underwriting and pricing,
the program would then be authorized for acceptance.
IPC extensively utilizes sophisticated modeling and other technology in its
underwriting techniques. Each submission received is registered on the "RSG"
system used by IPC for both underwriting and aggregate control purposes. This
system enables both management and underwriters to have on-line information
regarding both individual exposures and zonal aggregate concentrations. All
submissions are recorded to determine and monitor their status as being pending,
authorized, or bound. In addition to the RSG system, IPC uses computer modeling
to measure and estimate loss exposure under both simulated and actual loss
scenarios and in comparing exposure portfolios to both single and multiple
events. Since 1993, IPC has contracted Applied Insurance Research for the use of
CATMAP and EUROCAT as part of its modeling approach. These computer-based loss
modeling systems utilize A.M. Best's data and direct exposure information
obtained from IPC's clients, to assess each client's catastrophe management
approach and adequacy of their program's protection. Modeling is part of the
underwriting criteria for catastrophe exposure pricing. The majority of IPC's
client base also utilizes one or more of the various modeling consulting firms
in their exposure management analysis. In addition, IPC sometimes performs or
contracts for additional modeling analysis when reviewing its major commitments.
The combination of RSG information, together with CATMAP and EUROCAT modeling,
enables IPC to monitor and control its acceptance of exposure on a global basis.
Generally, the proposed terms of coverage, including the premium rate and
retention level for excess-of-loss contracts, are set by the lead reinsurer and
agreed to by the client and broker. On placements requiring large market
capacity, typically the broker strives to achieve a consensus of proposed terms
with many participating underwriters to ensure placement. IPC, on both U.S. and
non-U.S. business, acts in many cases as a lead or consensus lead reinsurer.
When not the lead, IPC sometimes actively negotiates additional terms or
conditions. If IPC elects to authorize a participation, it will specify its
percentage or monetary participation in each layer, and will execute a slip to
be followed by a contract to formalize coverage for a term of normally one year.
IPC has a procedure for underwriting control to ensure that all acceptances
are made in accordance with its underwriting policy and aggregate control. Each
underwriting individual is given an underwriting authority, limits above which
must be submitted for approval to the chief underwriting officer. All new
acceptances are reviewed at least weekly by either the chief executive officer
or the chief underwriting officer.
Generally, about 50% of premiums written by IPC each year are for contracts
which have effective dates in January, about 10% in April, about 15% in July and
the remainder at other times throughout the year. Premiums are generally due in
installments over the contract term, with each installment generally received
within 30 days after the due date.
8
<PAGE> 12
RETROCESSIONAL REINSURANCE
IPC currently does not limit its loss exposure by reinsuring portions of
its contracts with independent reinsurers. Management believes that current
program rates for retrocessional coverage are too high to render such coverage
economically feasible. Management continues to review availability, price and
potential use of retrocessional reinsurance.
MARKETING
IPC's customers generally are sophisticated, long-established insurers who
understand the risks involved and who desire the assurance not only that claims
will be paid but that reinsurance will continue to be available after claims are
paid. Catastrophic losses can be expected to affect financial results adversely
from time to time, and management believes that financial stability and growth
of capital (as well as service and innovation) are essential for creating
long-term relationships with clients, and that such relationships are key to
creating long-term value to the Company and its shareholders. During 1996, no
single ceding insurer accounted for more than 3.1% of IPC's premiums written.
IPC markets its reinsurance products worldwide through non-exclusive
relationships with more than 50 of the leading reinsurance brokers active in the
U.S. and non-U.S. markets for property catastrophe reinsurance. In addition, the
Company maintains an office in London, England, from which it conducts its
European marketing efforts.
Based on premiums written under contracts in force on December 31, 1996,
the five brokers from which IPC derives the largest portions of its business
(with the approximate percentage of IPC's business derived from such broker) are
Guy Carpenter & Co. (and affiliates) (18.6%), Alexander Howden (and affiliates)
(11.7%), Willis Faber (7.0%), Aon Corp. (5.7%) and Herbert Clough (5.4%). IPC,
as of December 31, 1996, has in force reinsurance contracts with only five
ceding companies which were not derived from a reinsurance broker; otherwise,
its products are marketed exclusively through brokers. Of the total premiums
attributable to the five largest producing brokers referred to above, less than
four percent are attributable to brokers affiliated with the insurers seeking
coverage. Herbert Clough is a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Re (which
beneficially owns 1,250,000 Common Shares), and Aon Reinsurance Agency, Inc. is
an affiliate of The Life Insurance Company of Virginia, a shareholder of the
Company that beneficially owned 163,043 Common Shares immediately after the
Offering (in which it sold 1,086,957 Common Shares). In addition, Alexander
Howden is a subsidiary of Alexander and Alexander Services, Inc., a company in
which AIG held an interest represented by shares of non-voting preferred stock
(which was convertible in certain circumstances into voting stock with voting
rights limited to 9.9% of the total voting rights). That interest was sold
effective January 15, 1997 to Aon Corp. All brokerage transactions are entered
into on an arm's-length basis.
IPC's brokers perform data collection, contract preparation and other
administrative tasks, enabling IPC to market its reinsurance products cost
effectively by maintaining a small staff. By relying largely on reinsurance
brokers to market its products, IPC is able to avoid the expense and regulatory
complications of worldwide offices thereby minimizing fixed costs associated
with marketing activities. IPC believes that by maintaining close relationships
with brokers, it is able to obtain access to a broad range of potential
reinsureds. IPC Re meets frequently in Bermuda and elsewhere outside the United
States with brokers and senior representatives of clients and prospective
clients. All contract submissions are approved in IPC Re's executive offices in
Bermuda, and IPC does not believe that conducting its operations in Bermuda has
adversely affected its marketing activities in light of the client base it has
attracted and retained.
RESERVES
Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, IPC Re is not
permitted to establish loss reserves with respect to its property catastrophe
business until the occurrence of an event which may give rise to a claim. Once
such an event occurs, IPC establishes reserves based upon estimates of total
losses incurred by the ceding insurers as a result of the event and IPC's
estimate of the portion of such loss it has reinsured.
9
<PAGE> 13
With respect to its non-catastrophe business, IPC is permitted to establish
loss reserves as determined by a historical loss development pattern. Only loss
reserves applicable to losses incurred up to the reporting date may be set
aside, with no allowance for the provision of a contingency reserve to account
for expected future losses. Claims arising from future catastrophic events can
be expected to require the establishment of substantial reserves from time to
time. IPC's reserves are adjusted as IPC receives notices of claims and proofs
of loss from reinsureds and as estimates of severity of damages and IPC's share
of the total loss are revised.
IPC also establishes reserves for losses incurred as a result of an event
known but not reported to IPC. These incurred but not reported ("IBNR") reserves
are established for both catastrophe and other losses. To estimate the portion
of loss and loss adjustment expenses relating to these claims for the year, IPC
reviews its portfolio of business to determine where the potential for loss may
exist. Also, various loss forecasting models and industry loss data as well as
actual experience, knowledge of the business written by IPC and general market
trends in the reinsurance industry are considered. IPC has contracted a leading
worldwide independent firm of actuaries to conduct a review of reserves on a
semi-annual basis.
Generally, reserves are established without regard to whether the loss may
subsequently be contested by IPC. IPC's policy is to establish reserves for
reported losses based upon reports received from ceding companies, supplemented
by IPC's reserve estimates.
Loss reserves represent IPC's estimates, at a given point in time, of the
ultimate settlement and administration costs of claims incurred, and it is
possible that the ultimate liability may exceed or be less than such estimates.
Such estimates are not precise in that, among other things, they are based on
predictions of future developments and estimates of future trends in claim
severity and frequency and other variable factors such as inflation and currency
exchange rates. During the claim settlement period, it often becomes necessary
to refine and adjust the estimates of liability on a claim either upward or
downward, and any such adjustment would affect IPC's results of operations in
the period when the adjustment is determined. For example, as of December 31,
1994, IPC believed that its total losses and loss adjustment expenses (the sum
of loss reserves and losses paid to date) relating to the Northridge, California
earthquake would be $20.6 million. At December 31, 1996, this figure had
increased to $22.5 million. Even after such adjustments, ultimate liability may
materially exceed or be less than the revised estimates. Moreover, reserve
estimates by relatively new property catastrophe reinsurers, such as IPC, may be
inherently more volatile than the reserve estimates of a reinsurer with a stable
volume of business and an established claim history. In contrast to casualty
losses, which frequently can be determined only through lengthy, unpredictable
litigation, property losses tend to be reported promptly and settled within a
shorter period of time.
INVESTMENTS
GENERAL. IPC's current investment strategy is defined primarily by the
need to safeguard IPC's capital, since it is considered that the risks inherent
in catastrophe reinsurance should not be augmented by a speculative investment
policy. For this reason the policy is conservative with a strong emphasis on the
quality of investments. At December 31, 1996, other than cash, IPC's investments
consisted exclusively of fixed-income securities, none of which had a rating of
less than A. Corporate bonds represented 36% of total fixed income investments
at December 31, 1996 and of these 21% and 79% were issued by U.S. and non-U.S.
corporations, respectively. IPC's investment policy also stresses
diversification and at December 31, 1996 only one single issuer of securities,
other than the U.S. Treasury, represented more than 5% of IPC's portfolio. This
was the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, whose issues
represented 8% of the fixed income portfolio (5% in 1995). In addition to these
parameters, guidelines are also set which limit permitted issuers, the amount of
non-U.S. dollar denominated securities and the target duration of the portfolio.
10
<PAGE> 14
The following table summarizes the fair value of the investments and cash
and cash equivalents of IPC as of December 31, 1996 and 1995:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------
TYPE OF INVESTMENT 1996 1995
--------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Fixed Maturities Available for Sale:
U.S. Government and government agencies............. $ 74,155 $101,424
Other governments................................... 70,595 29,527
Corporate........................................... 70,311 60,471
Supranational entities.............................. 35,931 24,210
------- -------
250,992 215,632
Fixed Maturities Held to Maturity:
U.S. Government and government agencies............. 2,052 2,103
Other governments................................... 75,438 63,649
Corporate........................................... 103,865 105,127
Supranational entities.............................. 48,109 43,477
------- -------
229,464 214,356
Cash and cash equivalents................................ 23,797 18,109
------- -------
$504,253 $448,097
======= =======
</TABLE>
In July 1994, IPC reclassified approximately half of its investment
portfolio from "available for sale" to "held to maturity" within the meaning of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 115. See note 2 (d) to the
Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. The effect of this reclassification
is that unrealized gains and losses arising as a result of market fluctuations
on securities classified as held to maturity, and which would otherwise be
accounted for through shareholders' equity, are not recognized in IPC's
financial statements. In December 1995, IPC entered into a series of
transactions designed to align more closely the maturity profile of the held to
maturity portfolio with the index against which the performance of the total
investment portfolio is measured. See note 3(h) to the Company's Consolidated
Financial Statements.
IPC's investment guidelines are reviewed periodically and are subject to
change at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
MATURITY AND DURATION OF PORTFOLIO. Currently IPC maintains a target
maturity of between three and six years although actual maturities of individual
securities vary from less than one year to a maximum of eleven years. At
December 31, 1996 the portfolio (including cash and cash equivalents within such
portfolio) had an average life of 4.8 years and an average duration of 3.8
years. At such date, securities classified as available for sale (including cash
and cash equivalents within such portfolio) and securities classified as held to
maturity had an average life of 5.1 years and 4.4 years, respectively, and an
average duration of 4.0 years and 3.5 years, respectively. Management believes
that, given the relatively high quality of its portfolio, adequate market
liquidity exists to meet IPC's cash demands.
11
<PAGE> 15
The following table summarizes the fair value by maturities of IPC's
investment portfolio as of December 31, 1996 and 1995. For this purpose,
maturities reflect contractual rights to put or call the securities; actual
maturities may be longer.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------
1996 1995
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Available for sale:
Due in one year or less............................. $ 34,424 $ --
Due after one year through five years............... 98,427 161,424
Due after five years through ten years.............. 118,141 54,208
-------- --------
$250,992 $215,632
======== ========
Held to Maturity:
Due in one year or less............................. $ 29,943 $ 13,064
Due after one year through five years............... 100,845 96,716
Due after five years through ten years.............. 98,676 104,576
-------- --------
$229,464 $214,356
======== ========
</TABLE>
QUALITY OF DEBT SECURITIES IN PORTFOLIO. IPC's investment guidelines
stipulate that a majority of the securities be AAA and AA rated, although a
select number of A rated issues is permitted. The primary rating source is
Standard & Poor's ("S&P") and, when no S&P rating is available, Moody's ratings
are used.
The following table summarizes the composition of the fair value of all
fixed maturity investments by rating:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
---------------
1996 1995
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Cash and cash equivalents................................ 4.7% 4.0%
U.S. Government and government agencies ................. 15.1% 23.1%
AAA...................................................... 49.3% 52.1%
AA....................................................... 29.3% 20.8%
A........................................................ 1.6% 0.0%
---- ----
100% 100%
==== ====
</TABLE>
There are no delinquent securities in IPC's investment portfolio.
EQUITY SECURITIES/REAL ESTATE. IPC's portfolio does not contain any
investments in real estate, mortgage loans or equity securities.
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXPOSURE. At December 31, 1996 substantially all of IPC's
fixed maturity investments were in securities denominated in U.S. dollars. At
December 31, 1996, IPC held U.S.$25,118 of Australian dollar denominated bonds
issued by the New South Wales Treasury. The investment guidelines permit up to
25% of the portfolio to be invested in non-U.S. dollar securities. However, from
inception, such investments have been made infrequently and for relatively short
periods of time. Since July 1995, IPC has entered into forward foreign exchange
contracts for purposes of hedging its non-U.S. dollar denominated investment
portfolio. In addition, in the event that loss payments must be made in
currencies other than the U.S. dollar, in some cases IPC will match the
liability with assets denominated in the same currency, thus mitigating the
effect of exchange rate movements on the balance sheet. To date this strategy
has been used only once.
DERIVATIVES. IPC's investment policy guidelines provide that financial
futures and options and foreign exchange contracts may not be used in a
speculative manner but may be used, subject to certain numerical limits, as part
of a defensive strategy to protect the market value of the portfolio.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND CUSTODIAL SERVICES. Investment advisory and
custodial services are provided to IPC by subsidiaries of AIG.
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<PAGE> 16
COMPETITION
The property catastrophe reinsurance industry is highly competitive. IPC
competes, and will continue to compete, with insurers and property catastrophe
reinsurers worldwide, many of which have greater financial, marketing and
management resources than IPC. In particular, IPC competes with the
Bermuda-based property catastrophe reinsurers, including Mid Ocean Reinsurance
Company Ltd., Renaissance Reinsurance Ltd., Partner Reinsurance Company Ltd.,
Global Capital Reinsurance Limited, LaSalle Re Limited, Tempest Reinsurance
Company Limited and Cat Limited, and outside Bermuda with the established
international reinsurers such as General Re, American Re Corporation, Munich Re,
Swiss Reinsurance Company and Lloyd's. In addition, there may be established
companies or new companies of which IPC is not aware that may be planning to
enter the property catastrophe reinsurance market or existing reinsurers that
may be planning to commit capital to this market. In addition, Lloyd's
determined in 1993 to allow its syndicates to accept capital from corporate
investors. Competition in the types of reinsurance business that IPC underwrites
is based on many factors, including premium charges and other terms and
conditions offered, services provided, ratings assigned by independent rating
agencies, speed of claims payment, claims experience, perceived financial
strength and experience and reputation of the reinsurer in the line of
reinsurance to be written. Many of the reinsurers who have entered the Bermuda
and London-based reinsurance markets have or could have more capital than IPC.
The full effect of this additional capital on the reinsurance market may not be
known for some time. No assurance can be given as to what impact this additional
capital will ultimately have on terms or conditions of the reinsurance contracts
of the types written by IPC.
In September 1996, IPC was rated by A.M. Best Company, Inc. ("A.M. Best"),
who gave an initial rating of A+ (Superior). Prior to that time, IPC was not
rated by any rating agency. The rating received represents the second highest in
the rating scale used by A.M. Best. Such ratings are based on factors of concern
to cedents and brokers and are not directed toward the protection of investors.
Such ratings are neither a rating of securities nor a recommendation to buy,
hold or sell such securities. While the Company believes that its new rating
will not be a major competitive advantage or disadvantage, some of the Company's
principal competitors have a rating equal to that of the Company. Insurance
ratings are one factor used by brokers and cedents in the United States as a
means of assessing the financial strength and quality of reinsurers. In
addition, a cedent's own rating may be adversely affected by the lack of a
rating of its reinsurer. IPC Re is not licensed or admitted as an insurer in any
jurisdiction in the United States and, as a consequence, must generally post
letters of credit or other security to cover outstanding claims of, or unearned
premiums with respect to, ceding insurers in the United States to enable such
insurers to obtain favorable regulatory capital treatment of their reinsurance.
See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations -- Liquidity and Capital Resources."
Management is aware of a number of new, proposed or potential legislative
or industry changes that may impact upon the worldwide demand for property
catastrophe reinsurance. In the United States, Florida and Hawaii have
implemented arrangements whereby the state provides catastrophe type property
insurance through sponsored state entities. Part of the reinsurance is placed
outside of the traditional reinsurance market in the capital markets. (i.e.,
utilizing capital or derivative market instruments) or in the finite reinsurance
market. California has also implemented the formation of the California
Earthquake Authority to provide limited earthquake insurance for California
residents. Although IPC has been selected to participate, and currently
participates, in part of the reinsurance program for this entity, there can be
no assurance that such participation will continue. In the United Kingdom, the
government has enacted a bill to allow insurers to build claim equalization
reserves which might reduce the amount of reinsurance bought. Management is also
aware of many potential initiatives by capital market participants to produce
alternative products that may compete with the existing catastrophe reinsurance
markets. Management is unable to predict the extent to which the foregoing new,
proposed or potential initiatives may affect the demand for IPC's products or
the risks which may be available for IPC to consider underwriting.
EMPLOYEES
As of January 1, 1997, IPC employed 15 people on a full-time basis
including its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and three
underwriters. IPC believes that its employee relations are good. None of
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<PAGE> 17
IPC's employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements, and IPC knows
of no current efforts to implement such agreements at IPC.
Many of IPC's employees, including most of its senior management, are
employed pursuant to work permits granted by the Bermuda authorities. These
permits expire at various times over the next several years. IPC has no reason
to believe that these permits would not be extended upon request at their
respective expirations.
REGULATION -- BERMUDA
THE INSURANCE ACT OF 1978, AS AMENDED (THE "INSURANCE ACT"), AND RELATED
REGULATIONS. IPC Re is a registered Bermuda insurance company and is subject to
regulation and supervision in Bermuda. The applicable Bermudian statutes and
regulations generally are designed to protect insureds and ceding insurance
companies rather than shareholders. Among other things, such statutes and
regulations require IPC Re to maintain minimum levels of capital and surplus;
impose restrictions on the amount and type of investments it may hold; prescribe
solvency standards that it must meet; limit transfers of ownership of its
capital shares and provide for the performance of certain periodic examinations
of IPC Re and its financial condition. These statutes and regulations may, in
effect, restrict the ability of IPC Re to write new business or, as indicated
above, distribute funds to the Company. As a holding company, the Company is not
subject to Bermuda insurance regulations. The Insurance Act, which regulates the
insurance business of IPC Re, provides that no person shall carry on an
insurance business in or from within Bermuda unless registered as an insurer
under the Insurance Act by the Minister of Finance (the "Minister"). The
Minister, in deciding whether to grant registration, has broad discretion to act
as he thinks fit in the public interest. The Minister is required by the
Insurance Act to determine whether the applicant is a fit and proper body to be
engaged in the insurance business and, in particular, whether it has, or has
available to it, adequate knowledge and expertise. The registration of an
applicant as an insurer is subject to its complying with the terms of its
registration and such other conditions as the Minister may impose at any time.
An Insurance Advisory Committee appointed by the Minister advises him on
matters connected with the discharge of his functions and sub-committees thereof
supervise and review the law and practice of insurance in Bermuda, including
reviews of accounting and administrative procedures.
The Insurance Act imposes on Bermuda insurance companies solvency and
liquidity standards and auditing and reporting requirements and grants to the
Minister powers to supervise, investigate and intervene in the affairs of
insurance companies. Significant aspects of the Bermuda insurance regulatory
framework are set forth below.
CLASSIFICATION OF INSURERS. In March 1995, the Insurance Act was amended
to establish four classes of insurers in the area of general business. IPC Re
applied to and obtained from the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda (the
"Registrar"), who is the chief administrative officer under the Insurance Act,
approval as a Class 4 insurer, having met the requirement of a minimum of $100
million of total statutory capital and surplus. The requirements of a Class 4
insurer -- the highest available class -- are intended to assure the world
insurance market of the license-holder's long-term stability and sound financial
condition. This classification requires that IPC Re not write long-term business
without the Minister's approval and, in the event a proposed dividend is in
excess of 25% of its statutory capital and surplus, file an affidavit as to
solvency, declaring that it will remain in compliance with the solvency margin
and minimum capital and surplus requirements. In addition, dividends are
prohibited where payment would cause IPC Re to be in breach of the Insurance
Act. The solvency margin requirement is the greater of $100 million, 50% of net
premiums written (with maximum credit of 25% for reinsurance ceded) or 15% of
loss and loss expense reserves. If IPC Re were to reduce its statutory capital
by more than 15% of that contained in its Statutory Financial Statements for the
prior fiscal year, it would be required to apply to the Minister for approval
and file certain required information, including an affidavit declaring that it
would remain in compliance with the required solvency margin and continue to
have $100 million of statutory capital and surplus. As of January 1, 1997, IPC
Re would have been able to pay approximately $123 million in dividends in
accordance with the foregoing restrictions. The Company does not expect these
requirements to impose any significant limitations on the
14
<PAGE> 18
Company's liquidity, based on IPC Re's current capital structure and operating
results. See note 12 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
CANCELLATION OF INSURER'S REGISTRATION. An insurer's registration may be
cancelled by the Minister on certain grounds specified in the Insurance Act,
including failure of the insurer to comply with its obligations under the
Insurance Act or, if in the opinion of the Minister after consultation with the
Insurance Advisory Committee, the insurer has not been carrying on business in
accordance with sound insurance principles.
INDEPENDENT APPROVED AUDITOR. Every registered insurer must appoint an
independent auditor who will annually audit and report on the Statutory
Financial Statements and the Statutory Financial Return of the insurer, which
are required to be filed annually with the Registrar. The independent auditor of
the insurer must be approved by the Minister and may be the same person or firm
which audits the insurer's financial statements and reports for presentation to
its shareholders.
LOSS RESERVE SPECIALIST. IPC Re, as a registered Class 4 insurer, is
required to submit an annual loss reserve opinion when filing the annual
Statutory Financial Return. This opinion must be issued by a Loss Reserve
Specialist, who, in IPC Re's case, is Mr. Edward Dew, a consulting actuary at
the Bermuda office of Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, a leading worldwide independent
firm of actuaries. The Loss Reserve Specialist, who will normally be a qualified
property/casualty actuary, must be approved by the Minister.
STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. An insurer must prepare annual Statutory
Financial Statements. The Insurance Act prescribes rules for the preparation and
substance of such Statutory Financial Statements (which include, in statutory
form, a balance sheet, income statement, and a statement of capital and surplus,
and notes thereto). The insurer is required to give detailed information and
analyses regarding premiums, claims, reinsurance and investments. The Statutory
Financial Statements are not prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") and are distinct from the financial
statements prepared for presentation to the insurer's shareholders under the
Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda, which financial statements may be prepared in
accordance with U.S. GAAP. A Class 4 insurer is required to submit the annual
Statutory Financial Statements as part of the annual Statutory Financial Return.
MINIMUM SOLVENCY MARGIN. The Insurance Act provides that the statutory
assets of an insurer must exceed its statutory liabilities by an amount greater
than the prescribed minimum solvency margin which varies with the class of the
insurer and the insurer's premiums written and loss reserve level. As indicated
above, the solvency margin requirement for a Class 4 insurer is the greater of
$100 million, 50% of net premiums written (with maximum credit of 25% for
reinsurance ceded) or 15% of loss and loss expense reserves. See note 12 to the
Company's Consolidated Financial Statements for information with respect to IPC
Re's statutory capital and surplus.
MINIMUM LIQUIDITY RATIO. The Insurance Act provides a minimum liquidity
ratio for general business. An insurer engaged in general business is required
to maintain the value of its relevant assets at not less than 75% of the amount
of its relevant liabilities. Relevant assets include cash and time deposits,
quoted investments, unquoted bonds and debentures, first liens on real estate,
investment income due and accrued, accounts and premiums receivable and
reinsurance balances receivable. There are certain categories of assets which,
unless specifically permitted by the Minister, do not automatically qualify as
relevant assets, such as unquoted equity securities, investments in, and
advances to, affiliates, real estate and collateral loans. The relevant
liabilities are total general business insurance reserves and total other
liabilities less deferred income tax and sundry liabilities (by interpretation,
those not specifically defined).
ANNUAL STATUTORY FINANCIAL RETURN. IPC Re is required to file with the
Registrar a Statutory Financial Return no later than four months after its
financial year end (unless specifically extended). The Statutory Financial
Return includes, among other matters, a report of the approved independent
auditor on the Statutory Financial Statements of the insurer; a declaration of
the statutory ratios; a solvency certificate; the Statutory Financial Statements
themselves; the opinion of the approved Loss Reserve Specialist and certain
details concerning ceded reinsurance. The solvency certificate and the
declaration of the statutory ratios must be signed by the principal
representative and at least two directors of the insurer who are required to
state whether the Minimum Solvency Margin and, in the case of the solvency
certificate, the Minimum Liquidity
15
<PAGE> 19
Ratio, have been met, and the independent approved auditor is required to state
whether in its opinion it was reasonable for them to so state and whether the
declaration of the statutory ratios complies with the requirements of the
Insurance Act. The Statutory Financial Return must include the opinion of the
Loss Reserve Specialist in respect of the loss and loss expense provisions of
IPC Re. Where an insurer's accounts have been audited for any purpose other than
compliance with the Insurance Act, a statement to that effect must be filed with
the Statutory Financial Return.
SUPERVISION, INVESTIGATION AND INTERVENTION. The Minister may appoint an
inspector with extensive powers to investigate the affairs of an insurer if the
Minister believes that an investigation is required in the interest of the
insurer's policyholders or persons who may become policyholders. In order to
verify or supplement information otherwise provided to him, the Minister may
direct an insurer to produce documents or information relating to matters
connected with the insurer's business.
If it appears to the Minister that there is a risk of the insurer becoming
insolvent, or that it is in breach of the Insurance Act or any conditions
imposed upon its registration, the Minister may, among other things, direct the
insurer not to take on any new insurance business; not to vary any insurance
contract if the effect would be to increase the insurer's liabilities; not to
make certain investments; to realize certain investments; to maintain in
Bermuda, or transfer to the custody of a Bermuda bank, certain assets; not to
declare or pay any dividends or other distributions or to restrict the making of
such payments; and/or to limit its premium income.
An insurer is required to maintain a principal office in Bermuda and to
appoint and maintain a principal representative in Bermuda. For the purpose of
the Insurance Act, the principal office of IPC Re is at IPC's offices in
Pembroke, Bermuda and the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer is the
principal representative of IPC Re. Without a reason acceptable to the Minister,
an insurer may not terminate the appointment of its principal representative,
and the principal representative may not cease to act as such, unless 30 days'
notice in writing to the Minister is given of the intention to do so. It is the
duty of the principal representative, within 30 days of his reaching the view
that there is a likelihood of the insurer for which he acts becoming insolvent
or its coming to his knowledge, or his having reason to believe, that an "event"
has occurred, to make a report in writing to the Minister setting out all the
particulars of the case that are available to him. Examples of such an "event"
include failure by the insurer to comply substantially with a condition imposed
upon the insurer by the Minister relating to a solvency margin or a liquidity or
other ratio.
Although IPC Re is incorporated in Bermuda, it is classified as
non-resident of Bermuda for exchange control purposes by the Bermuda Monetary
Authority. Pursuant to its non-resident status, IPC Re may hold any currency
other than Bermuda Dollars and convert that currency into any other currency
(other than Bermuda Dollars) without restriction.
CERTAIN OTHER CONSIDERATIONS. As "exempted" companies, the Company and IPC
Re may not, without the express authorization of the Bermuda legislature or
under a license granted by the Minister, participate in certain business
transactions, including: (i) the acquisition or holding of land in Bermuda
(except that required for its business and held by way of lease or tenancy
agreement for a term not exceeding 21 years); (ii) the taking of mortgages on
land in Bermuda in excess of $50,000; (iii) the carrying on of business of any
kind in Bermuda, except in furtherance of the business of the Company carried on
outside Bermuda.
The Bermuda government actively encourages foreign investment in "exempted"
entities like the Company that are based in Bermuda, but do not operate in
competition with local businesses. As well as having no restrictions on the
degree of foreign ownership, the Company and IPC Re are not currently subject to
taxes on their income or dividends or to any foreign exchange controls in
Bermuda. In addition, there currently is no capital gains tax in Bermuda.
REGULATION -- UNITED STATES AND OTHER
IPC Re is not admitted to do business in any jurisdiction except Bermuda.
Although IPC Re conducts its operations from Bermuda, it is not permitted to
underwrite local risks. The insurance laws of each state of the United States
and of many other countries regulate the sale of insurance and reinsurance
within their
16
<PAGE> 20
jurisdictions by alien insurers and reinsurers such as IPC Re, which are not
admitted to do business within such jurisdictions. With some exceptions, such
sale of insurance or reinsurance within a jurisdiction where the insurer is not
admitted to do business is prohibited. IPC Re does not intend to maintain an
office or to solicit, advertise, settle claims or conduct other insurance
activities in any jurisdiction other than Bermuda where the conduct of such
activities would require that IPC Re be so admitted.
In addition to the regulatory requirements imposed by the jurisdictions in
which they are licensed, reinsurers' business operations are affected by
regulatory requirements in various states of the United States governing "credit
for reinsurance" which are imposed on their ceding companies. In general, a
ceding company which obtains reinsurance from a reinsurer that is licensed,
accredited or approved by the jurisdiction or state in which the reinsurer files
statutory financial statements is permitted to reflect in its statutory
financial statements a credit in an aggregate amount equal to the liability for
unearned premiums and loss reserves and loss expense reserves ceded to the
reinsurer. IPC Re is not licensed, accredited or approved in any state in the
United States. The great majority of states, however, permit a credit to
statutory surplus resulting from reinsurance obtained from a non-licensed or
non-accredited reinsurer to be offset to the extent that the reinsurer provides
a letter of credit or other acceptable security arrangement. A few states do not
allow credit for reinsurance ceded to non-licensed reinsurers except in certain
limited circumstances and others impose additional requirements that make it
difficult to become accredited. IPC Re is also subject to excise tax in the
United States.
IPC Re does not believe it is in violation of insurance laws of any
jurisdiction in the United States. There can be no assurance, however, that
inquiries or challenges to IPC Re's reinsurance activities will not be raised in
the future. IPC Re believes that its manner of conducting business through its
offices in Bermuda has not materially adversely affected its operations to date.
There can be no assurance, however, that IPC's location, regulatory status or
restrictions on its activities resulting therefrom will not adversely affect its
ability to conduct business in the future.
CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The discussion below is only a general summary of certain United States
federal income tax considerations that are relevant to certain holders of Common
Shares of the Company. It does not address all relevant tax considerations that
may be relevant to holders of Common Stock nor does it address tax
considerations that may be relevant to certain holders. Investors and
prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors concerning federal,
state local and non-U.S. tax consequences of ownership and disposition of Common
Shares.
TAXATION OF THE COMPANY AND IPC RE. The Company and IPC Re are Bermuda
corporations; neither files United States tax returns. IPC Re believes that it
operates in such a manner that it is not subject to U.S. tax (other than U.S.
excise tax on reinsurance premiums and withholding tax on certain investment
income from U.S. sources) because it does not engage in a trade or business in
the United States. However, because definitive identification of activities
which constitute being engaged in a trade or business in the United States is
not provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or
regulations or court decisions, there can be no assurance that the Internal
Revenue Service will not contend that the Company and/or IPC Re is engaged in a
trade or business in the United States. If IPC Re were engaged in a trade or
business in the United States (and, if IPC Re were to qualify for benefits under
the income tax treaty between the United States and Bermuda, such trade or
business were attributable to a "permanent establishment" in the United States),
IPC Re would be subject to U.S. tax at regular corporate rates on its income
that is effectively connected with its U.S. trade or business, plus an
additional 30% "branch profits" tax on such income remaining after the regular
tax, in which case the Company's earnings and shareholders' equity could be
materially adversely affected.
IPC Re pays premium excise taxes in the United States (1%), Australia (3%),
and certain other jurisdictions. From time to time, U.S. legislation has been
proposed which would increase such tax to 4%.
CONTROLLED FOREIGN CORPORATION RULES. Each "United States shareholder" of
a "controlled foreign corporation" ("CFC") who owns shares in the CFC on the
last day of the CFC's taxable year must include in
17
<PAGE> 21
its gross income for United States federal income tax purposes its pro-rata
share of the CFC's "subpart F income", even if the subpart F income is not
distributed. For these purposes, any U.S. person who owns, directly or
indirectly through foreign persons, or is considered to own under applicable
constructive ownership rules of the Code, 10% or more of the total combined
voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation will be considered
to be a "United States shareholder". In general, a foreign insurance company
such as IPC Re is treated as a CFC only if such "United States shareholders"
collectively own more than 25% of the total combined voting power or total value
of the company's stock for an uninterrupted period of 30 days or more during any
tax year. AIG owns 24.4% of the Common Shares and the AIG Option, although,
pursuant to the Bye-laws, the combined voting power of these shares is limited
to less than 10% of the combined voting power of all shares. The Company
believes that, because of the dispersion of the Company's share ownership among
holders other than AIG and because of the restrictions on transfer, issuance or
repurchase of the Common Shares, shareholders of the Company will not be subject
to treatment as "United States shareholders" of a CFC. In addition, because
under the Bye-laws no single shareholder (including AIG) is permitted to
exercise as much as 10% of the total combined voting power of the Company,
shareholders of the Company should not be viewed as "United States shareholders"
of a CFC for purposes of these rules. There can be no assurance, however, that
these rules will not apply to shareholders of the Company. Accordingly, U.S.
persons who might, directly or through attribution, acquire 10% or more of the
Common Shares of the Company should consider the possible application of the CFC
rules.
RELATED PERSON INSURANCE INCOME RULES. If IPC Re's related person
insurance income ("RPII") were to equal or exceed 20% of IPC Re's gross
insurance income in any taxable year, a U.S. person who owns Common Shares
directly or indirectly on the last day of the taxable year would likely be
required to include in its income for U.S. federal income tax purposes the
shareholder's pro-rata share of IPC Re's RPII for the taxable year, determined
as if such RPII were distributed proportionately to such United States
shareholders at that date regardless of whether such income is distributed. The
amount of RPII earned by IPC Re (generally, premium and related investment
income from the direct or indirect insurance or reinsurance of any direct or
indirect U.S. shareholder of IPC Re or any person related to such shareholder,
including the Company) will depend on a number of factors, including the
geographic distribution of IPC Re's business and the identity of persons
directly or indirectly insured or reinsured by IPC Re. Although IPC Re does not
believe that the 20% threshold was met in taxable years 1994, 1995 or 1996, some
of the factors which determine the extent of RPII in any period may be beyond
the control of IPC Re. Consequently, there can be no assurance that IPC Re's
RPII will not equal or exceed 20% of its gross insurance income in any taxable
year.
The RPII rules provides that if a shareholder who is a U.S. person disposes
of shares in a foreign insurance corporation that has RPII (even if the amount
of RPII is less than 20% of the corporation's gross insurance income) and in
which U.S. persons own 25% or more of the shares, any gain from the disposition
will generally be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the shareholder's
share of the corporation's undistributed earnings and profits that were
accumulated during the period that the shareholder owned the shares (whether or
not such earnings and profits are attributable to RPII). In addition, such a
shareholder will be required to comply with certain reporting requirements,
regardless of the amount of shares owned by the shareholder. These rules should
not apply to dispositions of Common Shares because the Company is not itself
directly engaged in the insurance business and because proposed U.S. Treasury
regulations appear to apply only in the case of shares of corporations that are
directly engaged in the insurance business. There can be no assurance, however,
that the Internal Revenue Service will interpret the proposed regulations in
this manner or that the applicable regulations will not be promulgated in final
form in a manner that would cause these rules to apply to disposition of Common
Shares.
TAX-EXEMPT SHAREHOLDERS. Recently enacted legislation generally requires
tax-exempt entities to treat certain subpart F insurance income, including RPII,
that is includible in income by the tax-exempt entity as unrelated business
taxable income.
18
<PAGE> 22
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Pursuant to an administrative services agreement with American
International Company, Limited ("AICL"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of AIG, IPC
is allocated office space in AICL's building in Bermuda and IPC's principal
executive offices are located there. The address of the principal executive
offices is American International Building, 29 Richmond Road, Pembroke HM 08,
Bermuda and its telephone number is (441) 295-2121. In addition, the Company
leases office space located in London, England.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
IPC will be subject to litigation and arbitration in the ordinary course of
its business. IPC currently is not involved in any material pending litigation
or arbitration proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of shareholders of the Company during
the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 1996.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED
SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
The Common Shares have been included for trading on the Nasdaq National
Market under the symbol "IPCRF".
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low
sales prices for the Common Shares as reported by the Nasdaq National Market.
Such prices reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or
commission, and do not necessarily represent actual transactions.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HIGH LOW
------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
Quarter ended March 31, 1996 (from March 14, 1996)........... $22.250 $19.875
Quarter ended June 30, 1996.................................. 21.625 19.000
Quarter ended September 30 ,1996............................. 20.750 19.500
Quarter ended December 31, 1996.............................. 22.875 19.625
</TABLE>
As of March 18, 1997, there were 208 holders of record of Common Shares.
In June, September, and December 1996, respectively, the Company paid
dividends of $0.2875, $0.2875 and $0.3175 per Common Share. Prior to June 1996,
the Company did not pay any dividends. It is the Company's current intention to
distribute approximately 30% of net income, if any, on a quarterly basis. The
actual amount and timing of any future dividends is at the discretion of the
Board and is dependent upon the profits and financial requirements of the
Company, as well as loss experience, business opportunities and any other
factors that the Board deems relevant. In addition, if the Company has funds
available for distribution, it may nevertheless determine that such funds should
be retained for the purposes of replenishing capital, expanding premium writings
or other purposes. The Company is a holding company, whose principal source of
income is cash dividends and other permitted payments from IPC Re. The payment
of dividends from IPC Re to the Company is restricted under Bermuda law and
regulation, including Bermuda insurance law. Under the Insurance Act, IPC Re is
prohibited from paying dividends of more than 25% of its statutory capital and
surplus at the beginning of the fiscal year unless it files an affidavit stating
it will continue to meet the required solvency margin and minimum liquidity
ratio requirements, and from declaring or paying dividends without the approval
of the Minister of Finance if it failed to meet its required margins from the
previous fiscal year. The maximum amount of dividends which could be paid by IPC
Re to the Company at January 1, 1997 without such notification is approximately
$123,475,000. The Insurance Act also requires IPC Re to maintain a minimum
solvency margin and minimum liquidity ratio and prohibits dividends which would
result in a breach of these requirements. In addition, IPC Re is prohibited
under the Insurance Act from reducing its opening total statutory capital by
more than 15% without the approval of the Minister of Finance. As a result of
these factors, there can be no assurance that the Company's dividend policy will
not change or that the Company will declare or pay any dividends.
19
<PAGE> 23
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The historical consolidated financial data presented below as of and for
each of the periods ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 were derived from the
Company's consolidated financial statements which are incorporated herein by
reference to the Annual Report. The selected consolidated financial data should
be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and
related notes thereto, and with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" also contained in the Annual
Report and incorporated herein by reference.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------- PERIOD MAY 20,
1993 THROUGH
1996 1995 1994 DECEMBER 31, 1993
--------- --------- --------- -----------------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA
Premiums written...................... $ 111,569 $104,096 $ 85,610 $ 15,387
Premiums earned....................... 113,642 101,541 74,667 5,035
Net investment income................. 28,883 22,855 16,762 6,370
Loss and loss expenses incurred....... 32,732 36,657 31,570 --
Acquisition costs..................... 11,849 10,315 7,665 516
General & administrative
expenses(1)........................ 9,250 6,112 4,708 1,351
Realized capital gains/(losses)....... 3,871 2,973 (1,053) 8
Net income............................ $ 92,565 $ 74,285 $ 46,433 $ 9,546
Net income per Common Share(2)........ $3.55 $2.90 $1.85 $0.38
Weighted average shares
outstanding(2)..................... 26,080,744 25,618,719 25,130,454 25,073,598
Dividend per Common Share(3).......... $0.8925 -- -- --
OTHER DATA
Loss and loss expense ratio(4)........ 28.8% 36.1% 42.3% 0.0%
Expense ratio(4)...................... 19.2% 17.4% 16.9% 36.9%
Combined ratio(4)..................... 48.0% 53.5% 59.2% 36.9%
Return on average equity(5)........... 19.9% 19.1% 14.5% 6.2%
BALANCE SHEET DATA (AT END OF PERIOD)
Total cash and investments............ $ 503,846 $444,082 $354,697 $302,342
Reinsurance balances receivable....... 25,687 25,451 19,285 8,165
Total assets.......................... 548,081 485,248 387,327 319,690
Reserve for losses and loss
expenses........................... 28,483 24,717 17,976 --
Unearned premiums..................... 21,898 23,971 21,416 10,338
Total shareholders' equity............ 496,135 434,292 347,183 309,007
Book value per Common Share(6)........ $18.93 $16.58 $13.76 $12.36
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Includes gains and losses arising from foreign exchange.
(2) Net income per Common Share is based upon the weighted average number of
Common Shares outstanding during the relevant period, after giving effect to
the Exchange. The weighted average number of shares includes Common Shares
and the dilutive effect of the AIG Option and employee stock options, using
the treasury stock method. The weighted average number of shares for 1995
and prior are pro forma.
(3) Dividend per Common Share is based on the number of outstanding Common
Shares as of December 31, 1996 of 25,000,000.
(4) The loss and loss expense ratio is calculated by dividing the losses and
loss expenses incurred by the net premiums earned. The expense ratio is
calculated by dividing the sum of acquisition costs and general and
administrative expenses (excluding gains and losses from foreign exchange)
by net premiums earned. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss and loss
expense ratio and the expense ratio.
(5) Return on average equity equals the annual net income divided by the average
of the shareholders' equity on the first and last day of the respective
period.
(6) Book value per Common Share is based on the number of Common Shares
outstanding on the relevant date (after giving effect to the Exchange),
after considering the effect of the AIG Option as of each date presented and
after considering the effect of options granted to employees, calculated on
the basis described in note (2) above.
20
<PAGE> 24
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
The information required for this item is incorporated herein by reference
to the narrative contained under the caption "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Annual Report.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The information required for this item is incorporated herein by reference
to the consolidated financial statements of the Company contained in the Annual
Report.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The information concerning directors required for this item is incorporated
herein by reference to the information contained under the captions "Election of
Directors," "Executive Officers" and "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership
Reporting Compliance" in the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required for this item is incorporated herein by reference
to the information contained under the caption "Executive Compensation" in the
Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required for this item is incorporated herein by reference
to the information contained under the caption "Beneficial Ownership of Common
Shares" in the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information required for this item is incorporated herein by reference to
the information contained under the caption "Certain Relationships with AIG and
Other Original Shareholders" in the Proxy Statement.
The fees payable to AICL in connection with the provision of administrative
services pursuant to an administrative services agreement between IPC and AICL
are equal to 2.5% of the first $500 million of annual gross premiums written,
1.5% of the next $500 million and 1% of any additional gross premiums written.
This administrative services agreement terminates on June 30, 2003 and is
automatically renewed thereafter for successive three-year terms unless prior
written notice to terminate is delivered by or to AICL at least 180 days prior
to the end of such three-year term.
AIG Global Investment Corp. (Ireland) Ltd. ("AIGIC"), an indirect
wholly-owned subsidiary of AIG, provides investment advisory services to IPC
pursuant to an investment advisory agreement that has a three year term expiring
June 30, 1999 and is automatically renewed thereafter for successive three year
periods subject to termination prior to the end of any such three year period by
either party on 90 days' written notice. IPC pays AIGIC an annual fee of .35% on
the first $100 million of funds under management, .25% on the next $100 million
of funds under management and .15% on all funds managed greater than $200
million.
AIG Global Investment Trust Services Limited ("AIGTS"), an indirect
wholly-owned subsidiary of AIG based in Ireland, provides custodial services to
IPC pursuant to a custodial agreement that provides for an annual fee of .04% of
the market value of the portfolio plus reimbursement of fees and out-of-pocket
expenses, and may be terminated by either party upon 90 days' written notice.
21
<PAGE> 25
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) Financial Statements and Exhibits
1. Financial Statements
The following Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and Report
of Independent Public Accountants are incorporated herein by reference to
pages 21 to 39 of the Annual Report:
Report of Independent Public Accountants.
Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 1996 and 1995.
Consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1995 and 1994.
Consolidated statements of changes in shareholders' equity for the
years ended December 31, 1996,
1995 and 1994.
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1995 and 1994.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
2. Financial Statement Schedules
Report of Independent Public Accountants on Schedules.
Schedule II -- Condensed Financial Information of Registrant.
Schedule III -- Supplementary Insurance Information of Subsidiary for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994.
Schedule IV -- Supplementary Information concerning Reinsurance for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994.
3. Exhibits
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT METHOD OF
NUMBER DESCRIPTION FILING
------ ------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
<C> <S> <C>
2.2 Board Resolution authorizing the Exchange *
3.1 Memorandum of Association of the Company *
3.2 Amended and Restated Bye-Laws of the Company *
3.3. Form of Memorandum of Increase of Share Capital *
3.4 Form of Registration Rights Agreement *
4.1 Form of Share Certificate *
10.1A Termination Agreement among the Company and its previous *
shareholders
10.1B Amendment No. 1 to the Termination Agreement dated as of *
February 15, 1996
10.2 Form of Amended and Restated Option Agreement entered into between *
the Company and AIG
10.3 IPC Holdings, Ltd. Stock Option Plan *
10.4 IPC Re Defined Contribution Plan *
10.5 Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among IPC *
and AICL
10.6 Investment Management Agreement between IPC Re and AIGIC and *
addendum thereto
10.7 Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between AIGIC and AIG Global *
Investment Corp. Ltd (Europe) (formerly known as Dempsey &
Company International Limited)
10.8 Custodial Agreement between AIGTS and IPC Re *
10.9 Retirement Agreement between IPC Re and James P. Bryce *
10.10 Retirement Agreement between IPC Re and Peter J.A. Cozens *
11.1 Statement regarding Computation of Per Share Earnings Filed herewith
</TABLE>
22
<PAGE> 26
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT METHOD OF
NUMBER DESCRIPTION FILING
------ ------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
<C> <S> <C>
13.1 Portions of the Annual Report incorporated herein by reference Filed herewith
21.1 Subsidiary of the Registrant *
23.1 Consent of Arthur Andersen & Co. Filed herewith
27.1 Financial Data Schedule Filed herewith
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit in the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-00088).
(b) Reports on Form 8-K.
No reports were filed on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of 1996.
23
<PAGE> 27
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD.
INDEX TO SCHEDULES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SCHEDULE/REPORT PAGE
<S> <C> <C>
Report of Independent Public Accountants on Schedules................ 25
Schedule II -- Condensed Financial Information of Registrant....... 26
Schedule III -- Supplementary Insurance Information of Subsidiary
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and
1994................................................ 27
Schedule IV -- Supplementary Information concerning Reinsurance for
the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994.... 28
</TABLE>
24
<PAGE> 28
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and
Shareholders of IPC Holdings, Ltd.
We have audited in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards
the consolidated financial statements of IPC Holdings, Ltd. and subsidiary as of
December 31, 1996 and 1995 and for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1996 included in IPC Holdings, Ltd.'s annual report to shareholders
incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, and have issued our report thereon
dated February 3, 1997. Our audit was made for the purpose of forming an opinion
on the basic financial statements taken as a whole. The schedules listed in the
accompanying index are the responsibility of management and are presented for
purposes of complying with the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and
are not a part of the basic financial statements. These schedules have been
subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audits of the basic
financial statements and, in our opinion, fairly state in all material respects
the financial data required to be set forth therein in relation to the basic
financial statements taken as a whole.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN & CO.
Hamilton, Bermuda
February 3, 1997
25
<PAGE> 29
SCHEDULE II
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
BALANCE SHEET
(PARENT COMPANY)
(EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------
1996 1995
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Cash............................................................ $ 580 $ 51
Investment in wholly-owned subsidiary........................... 496,848 435,791
Other assets.................................................... 363 0
-------- --------
Total assets.................................................... $497,791 $435,820
======== ========
LIABILITIES:
Payable to Subsidiary........................................... $ 1,625 $ 22
Other liabilities............................................... 31 1,528
-------- --------
Total liabilities............................................... $ 1,656 $ 1,550
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Share Capital -- 1996: 25,000,000 shares outstanding, par value
$0.01
1995: 1,000 shares outstanding, par value
$200........................................... $ 250 $ 200
Additional paid in capital...................................... 299,267 299,317
Unrealized gain/(loss) on investments........................... (3,898) 4,511
Retained earnings............................................... 200,516 130,264
-------- --------
Total shareholders' equity...................................... 496,135 434,292
-------- --------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity...................... $497,791 $435,820
======== ========
</TABLE>
STATEMENT OF INCOME
(PARENT COMPANY)
(EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Interest Income........................................... $ 50 $ -- $ 1
Expenses:
Operating Costs and expenses, net.................... 3,226 1,515 --
------- ------- -------
(Loss)/profit before equity in net income of wholly-owned
subsidiary.............................................. (3,176) (1,515) 1
Equity in net income of wholly-owned subsidiary........... 95,741 75,800 46,432
------- ------- -------
Net Income available to common shareholders............... $92,565 $74,285 $46,433
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
26
<PAGE> 30
SCHEDULE III
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
SUBSIDIARY SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
(EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FUTURE POLICY
BENEFITS, BENEFITS, AMORTIZATION
DEFERRED LOSSES, CLAIMS, OF DEFERRED
POLICY CLAIMS NET LOSSES AND POLICY OTHER
ACQUISITION AND LOSS UNEARNED PREMIUM INVESTMENT SETTLEMENT ACQUISITION OPERATING PREMIUMS
SEGMENT COST EXPENSE PREMIUMS REVENUE INCOME EXPENSES COSTS EXPENSES WRITTEN
- -------------------------- ------------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------- ------------- ---------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1996:
Property &
Similar... $2,354 $28,483 $21,898 $113,642 $28,833 $32,732 $11,849 $6,656 $111,569
1995:
Property &
Similar... 2,441 24,717 23,971 101,541 22,855 36,657 10,315 5,862 104,096
1994:
Property &
Similar... 2,188 17,976 21,416 74,667 16,762 31,570 7,665 4,963 85,610
</TABLE>
27
<PAGE> 31
SCHEDULE IV
REINSURANCE
(EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CEDED TO ASSUMED PERCENTAGE OF
OTHER FROM OTHER NET AMOUNT
GROSS AMOUNT COMPANIES COMPANIES AMOUNT(1) ASSUMED TO NET
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1996:
Property &
Similar....... $ -- $ -- $111,569 $111,569 100%
1995:
Property &
Similar....... $ -- $ -- 104,096 104,096 100%
1994:
Property &
Similar....... $ -- $ -- 85,610 85,610 100%
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Premiums Written
28
<PAGE> 32
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized, in
Pembroke, Bermuda, on the 31st day of March, 1997.
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD.
By: /s/ JOHN P. DOWLING
------------------------------------
John P. Dowling
President and Chief Executive
Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities indicated and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
- ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------
<C> <S> <C>
/s/ JOSEPH C.H. JOHNSON Chairman of the Board of March 31, 1997
- ---------------------------------------------- Directors
Joseph C.H. Johnson
/s/ JOHN P. DOWLING President, Chief Executive March 31, 1997
- ---------------------------------------------- Officer and Director
John P. Dowling
/s/ JOHN R. WEALE Vice President and Chief March 31, 1997
- ---------------------------------------------- Financial Officer
John R. Weale
/s/ MICHAEL L. BOURIS Director March 31, 1997
- ----------------------------------------------
Michael L. Bouris
/s/ RON HIRAM Director March 31, 1997
- ----------------------------------------------
Ron Hiram
/s/ DR. THE HONOURABLE CLARENCE E. JAMES Director March 31, 1997
- ----------------------------------------------
Dr. the Honourable Clarence E. James
/s/ FRANK MUTCH Director March 31, 1997
- ----------------------------------------------
Frank Mutch
/s/ JOHN T. SCHMIDT Director March 31, 1997
- ----------------------------------------------
John T. Schmidt
</TABLE>
29
<PAGE> 33
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number Description Method of filing
- ------ ----------- ----------------
2.2 Board Resolution authorizing the
Exchange *
3.1 Memorandum of Association of the Company
*
3.2 Amended and Restated Bye-Laws of the
Company *
3.3. Form of Memorandum of Increase of Share
Capital *
3.4 Form of Registration Rights Agreement *
4.1 Form of Share Certificate *
10.1A Termination Agreement among the Company
and its previous shareholders *
10.1B Amendment No. 1 to the Termination
Agreement dated as of February 15, *
1996
10.2 Form of Amended and Restated Option
Agreement entered into between the
Company and AIG *
10.3 IPC Holdings, Ltd. Stock Option Plan *
10.4 IPC Re Defined Contribution Plan *
10.5 Amended and Restated Administrative
Services Agreement among IPC and AICL *
10.6 Investment Management Agreement between
IPC Re and AIGIC and addendum thereto *
10.7 Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement
between AIGIC and AIG Global Investment
Corp. Ltd (Europe) (formerly known as
Dempsey & Company International Limited) *
10.8 Custodial Agreement between AIGTS and
IPC Re *
10.9 Retirement Agreement between IPC Re and
James P. Bryce *
10.10 Retirement Agreement between IPC Re and
Peter J.A. Cozens *
11.1 Statement regarding Computation of Per
Share Earnings Filed herewith
13.1 Portions of the Annual Report
incorporated herein by reference Filed herewith
21.1 Subsidiary of the Registrant *
23.1 Consent of Arthur Andersen & Co. Filed herewith
27.1 Financial Data Schedule Filed herewith
(*) Incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit in the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-00088)
33
<PAGE> 1
Exhibit 11.1
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
CALCULATION OF NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended December 31,
-----------------------
PRIMARY 1996 1995
- ------- ---- ----
(audited) (audited)
Net income $ 92,565 $ 74,285
Weighted Average Common
Shares Outstanding 25,000,000 25,000,000 *
Dilutive Effect of Share Options 1,080,744 618,719 *
----------- -----------
Total 26,080,744 25,618,719 *
----------- -----------
Net income per Common Share $3.55 $2.90 *
FULLY DILUTED Year ended December 31,
- ------------- -----------------------
1996 1995
---- ----
(audited) (audited)
Net Income $ 92,565 $ 74,285
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding 25,000,000 25,000,000 *
Dilutive Effect of Share Options 1,211,689 618,719 *
----------------------------
Total 26,211,689 25,618,719 *
----------------------------
Net Income per Common Share $ 3.53 $ 2.90 *
* Pro Forma (See Note 4 to the Company's consolidated financial statements)
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 13.1
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following is a discussion of the results of operations and financial
position of IPC Holdings, Ltd. (the "Company"). References to "IPC" mean the
Company together with its wholly-owned subsidiary, International Property
Catastrophe Reinsurance Company, Ltd. ("IPC Re"). This discussion should be read
in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and notes
thereto, for the year ended December 31, 1996.
General
IPC commenced operations in July 1993. Because IPC has a limited
operating history, the financial data included herein are not necessarily
indicative of the financial condition or results of operations of IPC in the
future.
Premiums written include new and renewal business, reinstatement
premiums and premium adjustments on current and prior year contracts. Renewal
dates for property catastrophe reinsurance policies are generally concentrated
in the first quarter of each calendar year. Generally, about 50% of premiums
written by IPC Re each year are for contracts which have effective dates in
January, about 10% in April, about 15% in July, and the remainder at other times
throughout the year. Premiums are generally due in installments over the
contract term, with each installment generally received within 30 days after the
due date. Premiums are earned on a pro rata basis over the contract period,
which is generally twelve months.
Historically, property catastrophe reinsurers have experienced
significant fluctuations in operating results due to competition, frequency of
occurrence or severity of catastrophic events, levels of capacity, general
economic conditions and other factors. Demand for reinsurance is influenced
significantly by underwriting results of primary property insurers and
prevailing general economic conditions. The supply of reinsurance is related to
prevailing prices, the levels of insured losses and level of industry surplus
which, in turn, may fluctuate in response to changes in rates of return on
investments being earned in the reinsurance industry. As a result, the property
catastrophe reinsurance business historically has been a cyclical industry
characterized by periods of intense price competition due to excessive
underwriting capacity as well as periods when shortages of capacity permitted
favourable premium levels. Increases in the frequency and severity of losses
suffered by insurers can significantly affect these cycles. Conversely, the
absence of severe or frequent catastrophe events could result in declining
premium rates in the global market. IPC can be expected to experience the
effects of such cyclicality.
If and while favourable loss experience continues, and reinsurance
capacity does not diminish, the Company expects further downward pressure on
rates for property catastrophe reinsurance during 1997.
Results of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 1996 and 1995
In the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, IPC wrote premiums of
$111.6 million and $104.1 million, respectively, an increase of 7.2%, including
reinstatement premiums of $4.9 million and $6.6 million, respectively. During
1996, IPC had 1,888 contracts with 296 clients worldwide, compared to 1,010
contracts with 267 clients during 1995. Premiums written increased from 1995 to
1996 as a result of business from new clients and larger signings from existing
clients. These increases were offset in part by rate reductions, generally in
the range of 10 to 15%, but as high as 20% in some cases. Premium writings were
also affected by the restructuring of some programs previously written, as well
as the effect of changing exchange rates for some currencies, in particular the
Japanese Yen. Premiums earned in the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995 were
$113.6 million and $101.5 million, respectively, an increase of 11.9%. Excluding
reinstatement premiums, premiums earned increased by 14.5% from $94.9 million in
the year ended December 31, 1995 to $108.7 million in the year ended December
31, 1996.
Net investment income was $28.9 million and $22.9 million in the
years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively, an increase of 26.4%.
These amounts are net of investment expenses, primarily investment management
and custodial fees payable to subsidiaries of American International Group
("AIG"), the Company's original sponsor, and holder of 24.4% of the Company's
Common Shares. (See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.) These fees
totaled $1.3 million and $1.2 million in the years ended December 31, 1996 and
1995, respectively. The increase in net investment income resulted from a higher
investment yield, 6.2% for the
<PAGE> 2
year ended December 31, 1996 compared to 5.7% for the corresponding period in
1995, as well as a higher average investment asset base, which increased 18.7%
from $399.4 million during 1995 to $473.7 million during 1996. The portfolio
consisted of high quality, fixed income investments.
Net realized gains from the sale of investments were $3.9 million
and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Net gains and losses fluctuate from period to period, depending on the
securities sold, as recommended by the Company's investment advisor. Net
unrealized losses on the "Available for Sale" portion of the Company's
investment portfolio (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) were
$3.9 million at December 31, 1996, compared to net unrealized gains of $4.5
million at December 31, 1995. This decrease in value was primarily the result of
an increase in intermediate term interest rates of approximately 100 basis
points during 1996.
Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred in the years ended
December 31, 1996 and 1995 were $32.7 million and $36.7 million, respectively.
Of the 1996 amount, $12.0 million related to Hurricane Fran, which caused the
fourth largest insured loss arising from a windstorm in United States history.
In 1995, losses and loss adjustment expenses included $12.1 million resulting
from a loss at a major industrial plant, as well as $12 million for Hurricanes
Luis, Marilyn and Opal combined. The balance of losses for both years came from
various other natural and man-made disasters. Losses and loss adjustment
expenses incurred in 1996 included a net amount of $0.5 million relating to an
increase in the cost of claims occurring in prior years. Loss payments during
the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995 were $28.9 million and $29.9 million,
respectively. IPC's loss and loss expense ratio (the ratio of losses and loss
adjustment expenses incurred to premiums earned) was 28.8%, compared to 36.1% in
1995.
Acquisition costs, which are typically a percentage of premiums
written, consist primarily of commission and brokerage fees paid to
intermediaries for the production of premiums written, and excise taxes.
Brokerage commissions on property catastrophe excess of loss contracts typically
range from 5% to 10% of ceded premiums. Acquisition costs incurred during the
years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995 were $11.8 million and $10.3 million,
respectively, after deferring those costs related to the unearned portion of
premiums written. Acquisition costs have principally increased commensurate with
the increase in earned premiums, although some premiums were written which had
no brokerage fees or commissions. General and administrative expenses were $9.9
million and $7.4 million for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995,
respectively. These figures include fees paid to a subsidiary of AIG for
administrative services, which are based on a percentage of premiums written,
and were $2.8 million in 1996 and $2.0 million in 1995. General and
administrative expenses in 1996 also included $1.6 million in connection with
the Company's bid to purchase Tempest Reinsurance Company Limited,
another Bermuda-based catastrophe reinsurer, and $0.5 million additional
expenses related to the Company's initial public offering (included in the first
quarter of 1996). In 1995, general and administrative expenses included an
accrual of $1.5 million in connection with the Company's initial public
offering. Excluding these non-recurring charges, general and administrative
expenses would have been $7.8 million and $5.9 million for the years ended
December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The increase was primarily due to the
increase in fees paid under an administrative services agreement with a
subsidiary of AIG, which are based on premiums, together with increases in most
expense categories, including salaries, travel, professional fees, and
advertising, all of which were incurred in the production of increased premiums.
Additional ongoing costs were incurred by the Company as a publicly traded
entity. The Company's expense ratio (the ratio of acquisition costs plus general
and administrative expenses, to earned premiums) was 19.2% for the year ended
December 31, 1996, compared to 17.4% for the year ended December 31, 1995.
Excluding the non-recurring items, the expense ratio would have been 17.5% and
15.9% for 1996 and 1995, respectively.
The following table summarizes the loss and loss expense ratio,
expense ratio and combined ratio (sum of loss and loss expense ratio plus
expense ratio) for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively:
Year ended December 31,
1996 1995
---- ----
Loss and loss expense ratio 28.8% 36.1%
Expense ratio 19.2% 17.4%
Combined ratio 48.0% 53.5%
Net income for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995 was $92.6
million and $74.3 million, respectively, an increase of 24.6%. Excluding the
effects of realized gains and losses arising from the sale of
<PAGE> 3
investments, net operating income was $88.7 million and $71.3 million for the
years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively, representing an increase
of 24.4%. Net operating income amounts are equivalent to $3.40 and $2.78 per
Common Share, respectively.
Years Ended December 31, 1995 and 1994
In the years ended December 31, 1995 and 1994, IPC wrote premiums of
$104.1 million and $85.6 million, respectively, an increase of 21.6%, including
reinstatement premiums of $6.6 million and $3.8 million, respectively. During
1995, IPC had 1,010 contracts with 267 clients worldwide compared to 567
contracts with 172 clients during 1994. Premiums written increased from 1994 to
1995 primarily as a result of new business from new and existing clients,
although this was offset to some extent by modest rate reductions. Approximately
40% of the increase represented business from new clients and the balance
represented additional business from existing clients. Premiums earned in the
years ended December 31, 1995 and 1994 were $101.5 million and $74.7 million,
respectively, an increase of 36.0%. Excluding reinstatement premiums, premiums
earned increased by 34.0% from $70.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1994
to $94.9 million in the year ended December 31, 1995.
Investment income was $22.9 million and $16.8 million in the years
ended December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively. These figures were net of
investment expenses, primarily investment management and custodial fees paid to
subsidiaries of AIG, which totaled $1.2 million and $1.0 million in those
periods. The increased investment income on an annualized basis was due to the
larger investment base arising from operating and investment cash flows
together with an improvement in net yields from 5.0% in 1994 to 5.7% in 1995.
The investment portfolio consisted of high quality, fixed income assets.
A net realized capital gain of $3.0 million was recorded in the year
ended December 31, 1995 and a net realized capital loss of $1.1 million was
recorded in the year ended December 31, 1994. During 1994 the Company decided to
split its investment portfolio approximately equally between fixed income
securities deemed to be "Held to Maturity" and those deemed to be "Available for
Sale" within the definitions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No.
115. Unrealized gains and losses on those securities deemed to be "Available for
Sale" are recorded as a component of the Company's shareholders' equity. At
December 31, 1995 and 1994, there were net unrealized gains of $4.5 million and
net unrealized losses of $8.3 million, respectively. Securities deemed to be
"Held to Maturity" are carried on the balance sheet at amortized cost and may
not be disposed of except in limited circumstances.
Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred in the years ended
December 31, 1995 and 1994 were $36.7 million and $31.6 million, respectively.
Of the 1994 amount, $20.6 million related to the Northridge, California
earthquake which occurred on January 17, 1994. Losses and loss adjustment
expenses incurred in the year ended December 31, 1995 included $12.1 million
resulting from a loss at a major industrial plant with the balance in both years
coming from various natural and man-made disasters. Losses and loss adjustment
expenses incurred in 1995 included a net amount of $2.3 million relating to the
increase in the cost of claims occurring in 1994 above the amount estimated at
December 31, 1994 (including approximately $2.4 million related to an explosion
at an industrial plant and $1.8 million related to the Northridge, California
earthquake, which increases were partially offset by reductions in reserves for
other claims). Loss payments during the years ended December 31, 1995 and 1994
were $29.9 million and $13.6 million, respectively.
IPC's loss and loss expense ratio was 36.1% and 42.3% for the years
ended December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively. The combined ratio was 53.5% in
1995, and would have been 52.0% without the accrual of $1.5 million for expenses
related to the Company's initial public offering, and 59.2% in 1994.
Acquisition costs were $10.3 million and $7.7 million in the years
ended December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively, after deferring those costs
related to the unearned portion of premiums written. General and administrative
expenses were $7.4 million and $5.0 million in the years ended December 31, 1995
and 1994, respectively. These figures include fees paid to a subsidiary of AIG
for administrative services which are based on a percentage of premiums written,
of $2.6 million and $2.1 million, of which $2.0 million and $2.1 million were
expensed in the respective periods. General and administrative expenses for 1995
included $1.5 million of expenses relating to the initial public offering.
The following table summarizes the loss and loss expense ratio,
expense ratio and combined ratio (sum of loss and loss expense ratio plus
expense ratio) for the years ended December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively:
<PAGE> 4
Year ended December 31,
1995 1994
---- ----
Loss and loss expense ratio 36.1% 42.3%
Expense ratio 17.4% 16.9%
Combined ratio 53.5% 59.2%
Net income for the years ended December 31, 1995 and 1994 was $74.3
million and $46.4 million, respectively, an increase of 60.0%. These net income
figures are equivalent to $2.90 and $1.85 per Common Share, respectively. The
increase in net income was principally attributable to the start-up nature of
IPC's business and the resulting increase in premiums earned. However, improved
loss experience and greater net investment income also contributed to the
increased income in 1995 when compared to 1994.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company was initially capitalized with $300.0 million in June
1993 from which placement costs of $0.5 million were paid. At December 31, 1996
and 1995, shareholders' equity had increased to $496.1 and $434.3 million,
respectively. Substantially all of the original capital, after deducting
organizational costs was contributed to the Company's subsidiary, IPC Re.
The Company is a holding company that conducts no reinsurance
operations of its own. However, it does maintain an office in London from which
it carries out a representative function in Europe on behalf of IPC Re and for
which the Company receives reimbursement from IPC Re for expenses incurred on
behalf of IPC Re. The Company's cash flows are otherwise limited to
distributions from IPC Re by way of loans or dividends. The dividends that IPC
Re may pay are limited under Bermuda legislation. IPC Re may not in any
financial year pay any dividends which would exceed 25% of its statutory capital
and surplus at the prior year end, unless it has filed with the Bermuda
Registrar of Companies an affidavit stating that the declaration of those
dividends has not caused the Company to fail to meet its solvency margin and
minimum liquidity ratio. In addition, IPC Re is prohibited from declaring or
paying any dividend during any financial year if it would cause IPC Re to fail
to meet its solvency margin and minimum liquidity ratio. The maximum dividend
payable by IPC Re in accordance with the foregoing restrictions as of January 1,
1997 was approximately $123.5 million.
IPC Re's sources of funds consist of premiums written, investment
income and proceeds from sales and redemptions of investments. Cash is used
primarily to pay losses and loss adjustment expenses, brokerage commissions,
excise taxes, general and administrative expenses and dividends. IPC Re
generated cash flows from operations of $90.1 million and $78.4 million in the
years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively. These amounts represent
the excess of premiums collected and investment earnings realized, over losses,
loss adjustment expenses and underwriting and other expenses paid and investment
losses realized. Cash flows from operations differ, and may continue to differ,
substantially from net income. To date, all cash flows not required for
operating purposes or payment of dividends have been invested by IPC Re. The
potential for a large catastrophe means that unpredictable and substantial
payments may need to be made within relatively short periods of time. Hence,
future cash flows cannot be predicted with any certainty and may vary
significantly between periods. Loss payments during the years ended December 31,
1996 and 1995 were $28.9 million and $29.9 million, respectively.
Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, IPC is not
permitted to establish loss reserves with respect to its property catastrophe
reinsurance until the occurrence of an event which may give rise to a claim. As
a result, only loss reserves applicable to losses incurred up to the reporting
date may be set aside, with no allowance for the provision of a contingency
reserve to account for expected future losses. Claims arising from future
catastrophic events can be expected to require the establishment of substantial
reserves from time to time.
The establishment of appropriate reserves for catastrophes is an
inherently uncertain process. Loss reserves represent IPC's estimates, at a
given point in time, of ultimate settlement and administration costs of losses
incurred (including incurred but not reported losses) and these estimates are
regularly reviewed and updated, using the most current information available to
management. Consequently, the ultimate liability for a catastrophic loss is
likely to differ from the original estimate. For example, as of December 31,
1994, IPC Re believed that its total losses and loss adjustment expenses (the
sum of loss reserves and losses paid to date) relating to the Northridge,
California earthquake would be $20.6 million. At December 31, 1996, this figure
had increased to $22.5 million.
<PAGE> 5
Because of the start-up nature of its operations at the time of the Northridge,
California earthquake, the coverage written by IPC Re for the risks affected by
the Northridge event was more limited than that which IPC Re currently writes or
will in the future write for similar risks. Whenever IPC Re determines that any
existing loss reserves are inadequate, IPC Re is required to increase its loss
reserves with a corresponding reduction, which could be material, in IPC's
operating results in the period in which the deficiency is identified. The
establishment of new reserves, or the adjustment of reserves for reported
claims, could have a material adverse effect on IPC's financial condition or
results of operations in any particular period.
With the exception of cash holdings, all of IPC's funds are invested
in fixed income securities, the market value of which is subject to fluctuation
depending on changes in prevailing interest rates. IPC Re does not hedge its
investment portfolio against interest rate risk. Accordingly, an increase in
interest rates may result in losses, both realized and unrealized, on IPC Re's
investments.
The Company has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard
No. 115 to account for its marketable securities. The Company has classified its
investment portfolio between "Available for Sale" and "Held to Maturity".
Investments classified as "Available for Sale" are carried at fair market value
and any unrealized gains or losses are reported as a separate component of
shareholders' equity.
At December 31, 1996, 98.4% of IPC Re's investment portfolio
consisted of cash, U.S. Treasuries or other government agency issues, and
investments with a AAA or AA rating. The primary rating source is Standard &
Poor's Corporation. At December 31, 1996 the portfolio had an average life of
4.8 years and an average modified duration of 3.8 years.
IPC's functional currency is the U.S. dollar. IPC's operating
currency is generally also the U.S. dollar. However, premiums receivable and
losses payable in respect of a significant portion of IPC's business are
denominated in currencies of other countries, principally industrial countries.
Consequently, IPC may, from time to time, experience currency exchange gains and
losses that could affect its financial position and results of operations. The
Company currently does not - and as a practical matter cannot - hedge its U.S.
dollar currency exposure with respect to potential claims until a loss payable
in a non-U.S. dollar currency occurs (after which it may match such liability
with assets denominated in the same currency, which it has done on one occasion,
or purchase a currency hedge, although to date it has not done so). Such
exposure could be substantial. IPC also has not hedged its non-U.S. dollar
currency exposure with respect to premiums receivable, which generally are
collected over the relevant contract term. To date, foreign currency hedging has
only been used twice to secure the value of a non-U.S. dollar investment in U.S.
dollars. At December 31, 1996, IPC had one forward contract hedge outstanding.
The purpose of this hedge was to reduce any potential loss as a result of a
change in the value of the Australian dollar denominated portion of the
investment portfolio, which totaled Australian $31.5 million. The effect of the
hedge was to forward sell (to January 9, 1997) Australian $31.5 million at an
exchange rate of U.S.$0.8125. This contract has been rolled forward one month to
February 10, 1997.
IPC's investment portfolio does not currently include options,
warrants, swaps, collars or similar derivative instruments. IPC's investment
policy guidelines provide that financial futures and options and foreign
exchange contracts may not be used in a speculative manner, but may be used,
subject to certain numerical limits, only as part of a defensive strategy to
protect the market value of the portfolio.
IPC Re is not a licensed insurer in the United States and therefore,
under the terms of most of its contracts in the United States, must provide
security to reinsureds to cover unpaid liabilities in a form acceptable to state
insurance commissioners. Typically, such security takes the form of a letter of
credit, issued by an acceptable bank, or a cash advance. Currently IPC Re
obtains letters of credit through one commercial bank pursuant to a $20 million
facility. In turn, IPC Re provides the bank security by giving the bank a lien
over certain of IPC Re's investments in an amount not to exceed the aggregate
letters of credit outstanding to a maximum of $20 million. At December 31, 1996,
1995 and 1994, there were outstanding letters of credit of $11.5 million, $12.0
million and $12.6 million, respectively.
Neither the Company nor IPC Re has any material commitment for
capital expenditures.
<PAGE> 6
Effects of Inflation
IPC Re estimates the effect of inflation on its business and
reflects these estimates in the pricing of its reinsurance contracts. Because of
the relatively short claims settlement cycle associated with its reinsurance
portfolio, IPC Re generally does not take into account the effects of inflation
when estimating reserves. Levels of inflation also affect investment returns.
The actual effects of inflation on the results of IPC Re cannot be accurately
known until claims are ultimately settled.
<PAGE> 7
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and
shareholders of IPC Holdings, Ltd.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of IPC
Holdings, Ltd. (a Bermuda Company) and subsidiary as of December 31, 1996 and
1995, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders' equity
and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31,
1996. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An
audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of IPC
Holdings, Ltd. and subsidiary as of December 31, 1996 and 1995 and the results
of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three year
period ended December 31, 1996 in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN & CO.
Hamilton, Bermuda
February 3, 1997
<PAGE> 8
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS
EXCEPT FOR PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF AS OF
DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31,
1996 1995
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Fixed maturity investments:
Available for sale, at fair market value (Amortized Cost 1996:
$254,890; 1995: $211,121)..................................... $250,992 $215,632
Held to maturity, at amortized cost (Fair market value 1996:
$229,464; 1995: $214,356)..................................... 229,057 210,341
Cash and cash equivalents.......................................... 23,797 18,109
Reinsurance balances receivable (Related party 1996: $3,097;
1995: $2,804).................................................... 25,687 25,451
Accrued investment income.......................................... 15,015 12,352
Deferred acquisition costs......................................... 2,354 2,441
Prepaid expenses and other assets.................................. 1,179 922
-------- --------
TOTAL ASSETS............................................. $548,081 $485,248
======== ========
LIABILITIES:
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses.................... $ 28,483 $ 24,717
Unearned premiums.................................................. 21,898 23,971
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Related party: 1996:
$825; 1995: $698)................................................ 1,565 2,268
-------- --------
TOTAL LIABILITIES........................................ 51,946 50,956
-------- --------
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Share capital -- 1996: 25,000,000 shares outstanding, par value
$0.01;
1995: 1,000 shares outstanding, par value $200................... 250 200
Additional paid in capital......................................... 299,267 299,317
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments.............................. (3,898) 4,511
Retained earnings.................................................. 200,516 130,264
-------- --------
Total shareholders' equity............................... 496,135 434,292
-------- --------
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY............... $548,081 $485,248
======== ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
<PAGE> 9
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS
EXCEPT FOR PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
FOR EACH OF THE YEARS IN THE THREE YEAR PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1995 1994
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUES:
Premiums written (Related party 1996: $9,628; 1995:
$6,343; 1994: $2,023)................................. $ 111,569 $ 104,096 $ 85,610
Change in unearned premiums............................. 2,073 (2,555) (10,943)
-------- -------- -------
Premiums earned......................................... 113,642 101,541 74,667
Net investment income................................... 28,883 22,855 16,762
Realized capital gains (losses), net.................... 3,871 2,973 (1,053)
-------- -------- -------
TOTAL REVENUES................................ 146,396 127,369 90,376
-------- -------- -------
EXPENSES:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses..................... 32,732 36,657 31,570
Acquisition costs (Related party 1996: $1,943; 1995:
$1,655; 1994: $980)................................... 11,849 10,315 7,665
General and administrative expenses (Related party 1996:
$2,816; 1995: $2,003; 1994: $2,140)................... 9,934 7,377 4,963
Exchange (gain) loss, net............................... (684) (1,265) (255)
-------- -------- -------
TOTAL EXPENSES................................ 53,831 53,084 43,943
======== ======== =======
NET INCOME.................................... 92,565 74,285 46,433
======== ======== =======
Net Income per Common Share............................. $ 3.55 $ 2.90 $ 1.85
Weighted average number of Common Shares................ 26,080,744 25,618,719 25,130,454
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
<PAGE> 10
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS)
FOR EACH OF THE YEARS IN THE THREE YEAR PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1995 1994
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
COMMON SHARES PAR VALUE $200; PAR VALUE $0.01 AFTER
GIVING EFFECT TO THE EXCHANGE:
Balance at beginning of year........................ $ 200 $ 200 $ 200
Effect of the Exchange: 1,000 shares to 25,000,000.. 50 -- --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year ............................. $ 250 $ 200 $ 200
-------- -------- --------
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL:
Balance at beginning of year........................ $299,317 $299,317 $299,317
Effect of the Exchange: 1,000 shares to 25,000,000.. (50) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year ............................. $299,267 $299,317 $299,317
-------- -------- --------
UNREALIZED GAIN/(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS
Balance at beginning of year........................ $ 4,511 $ (8,313) $ (56)
Change in unrealized gain/(loss) in year............ (8,409) 12,824 (8,257)
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year ............................. $ (3,898) $ 4,511 $ (8,313)
-------- -------- --------
RETAINED EARNINGS:
Balance at beginning of year........................ $130,264 $ 55,979 $ 9,546
Net income in year.................................. 92,565 74,285 46,433
Dividends paid...................................... (22,313) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year ............................. $200,516 $130,264 $ 55,979
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
<PAGE> 11
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF UNITED STATES DOLLARS)
FOR EACH OF THE YEARS IN THE THREE YEAR PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1995 1994
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income ........................................... $ 92,565 $ 74,285 $ 46,433
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided
by operating activities:
Amortization of investment premium, net............. 3,485 4,848 4,714
Realized capital (gains) losses, net................ (3,871) (2,973) 1,053
Changes in, net:
Reinsurance balances receivable..................... (236) (6,166) (11,120)
Accrued investment income........................... (2,663) (1,387) (3,121)
Deferred acquisition costs.......................... 87 (253) (1,062)
Prepaid expenses and other assets................... (257) (730) 21
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses..... 3,766 6,741 17,976
Unearned premiums................................... (2,073) 2,555 11,078
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities ........... (703) 1,516 407
--------- --------- ---------
90,100 78,436 66,379
--------- --------- ---------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of fixed maturity investments:
Available for sale.................................. (350,757) (432,291) (134,290)
Held to maturity.................................... (34,006) (90,095) (5,047)
Proceeds from sales of fixed maturity investments:
Available for sale.................................. 309,664 424,287 46,282
Held to maturity.................................... -- -- --
Proceeds from maturities of fixed maturity
investments:
Available for sale.................................. -- 12,000 12,000
Held to maturity.................................... 13,000 8,000 --
--------- --------- ---------
(62,099) (78,099) (81,055)
--------- --------- ---------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Cash dividends paid to shareholders................... (22,313) -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents.. 5,688 337 (14,676)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year........ 18,109 17,772 32,448
--------- --------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year.............. $ 23,797 $ 18,109 $ 17,772
========= ========= =========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
<PAGE> 12
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1996 AND DECEMBER 31, 1995
(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars except for per share amounts)
1. GENERAL:
IPC Holdings, Ltd. (the "Company") was incorporated in Bermuda on May 20,
1993 and through its wholly-owned subsidiary, International Property Catastrophe
Reinsurance Company, Ltd. ("IPC Re") provides reinsurance of property
catastrophe risks worldwide, substantially all on an excess-of-loss basis.
Property catastrophe reinsurance covers unpredictable events such as hurricanes,
windstorms, hailstorms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, fires, freezes,
industrial explosions and other man-made or natural disasters. IPC Re's loss
experience will generally include infrequent events of great severity. IPC Re's
clients include many of the leading insurance companies in the world.
Approximately 46% of premiums written in 1996 related to U.S. risks. The balance
of IPC Re's covered risks are located principally in Europe, Japan and
Australia/New Zealand.
On December 20, 1995, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a
plan to register shares for sale to the public. On December 20, 1995, the Board
of Directors of the Company also approved an exchange of the capital stock of
the Company whereby the existing voting and non-voting shares of the Company
were exchanged for Common Shares (the "Exchange"). The existing shareholders
received 25,000 new Common Shares for each voting or non-voting share held at
the time of the offering. Share information presented in the consolidated
financial statements, including these notes, gives effect to the Exchange.
On March 13, 1996, the Company completed an initial public offering in
which 13,521,739 Common Shares held by existing shareholders were sold. All of
the Shares sold were sold by existing shareholders. Consequently, the Company
did not receive any of the proceeds of the offering. The Company paid certain
expenses related to the offering, including certain expenses on behalf of the
selling shareholders.
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The
preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The
significant accounting policies are as follows:
a) Principles of consolidation:
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its wholly-owned subsidiary, IPC Re (together "IPC"). All significant
intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
b) Premiums and acquisition costs:
Premiums written are recorded at the policy inception date and are based
on information received from ceding companies. Subsequent premium adjustments,
if any, are recorded in the period in which they are determined. Premiums are
earned on a pro-rata basis over the period for which reinsurance coverage is
provided. Unearned premiums represent the portion of premiums written which is
applicable to the unexpired terms of the policies in force.
Acquisition costs, consisting primarily of commissions and brokerage
expenses incurred at policy issuance, are deferred and amortized to income over
the period in which the related premiums are earned. Deferred acquisition costs
are limited to estimated realizable value based on related unearned premium,
anticipated claims and expenses and investment income.
<PAGE> 13
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
c) Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses:
The reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses, which includes an
allowance for losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred but not reported, is
based on reports, individual case estimates received from ceding companies,
actuarial determinations and management's estimates. For certain catastrophic
events there is considerable uncertainty underlying the assumptions and
associated estimated reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses. Reserves
are reviewed regularly and, as experience develops and new information becomes
known, the reserves are adjusted as necessary. Such adjustments, if any, are
reflected in results of operations in the period in which they become known.
d) Fixed maturity investments:
IPC adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 115 on
Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities ("Statement
115") as of December 31, 1993. Upon adopting Statement 115, the Company
classified its entire portfolio of investments as "available for sale". In July,
1994, the Company reclassified a portion of its investment portfolio as "held to
maturity" as discussed below.
Investments, available for sale
All investments classified as "available for sale" have a fixed maturity
and are carried at market value. Such investments are available to be sold in
response to liquidity needs. Unrealized gains and losses are included as a
separate component of shareholders' equity.
Investments, held to maturity
All investments classified as "held to maturity" have a fixed maturity and
are carried at amortized cost. Management has the positive intent and ability to
hold these investments until maturity and the investments may not be disposed of
other than in certain, very specific circumstances. During 1994, IPC transferred
investments with an amortized cost of $137,658 from the available for sale
portfolio to the held to maturity portfolio.
Investments are recorded on a trade date basis. Realized gains and losses
on sales of investments are determined on the basis of first-in, first-out.
Investment income is recognized when earned and includes the amortization of
premium and accretion of discount on investments.
e) Translation of foreign currencies:
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the
rate of exchange prevailing at the date of each transaction. Monetary assets and
liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars
at the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Foreign currency
revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing
during the period. Exchange gains and losses, including those arising from
forward exchange contracts, are included in the determination of net income.
IPC's functional currency is the U.S. dollar, since it is the single largest
currency in which IPC transacts its business. The U.S. dollar is also the
currency in which IPC holds, and will continue to hold, most of its investments
and in which investment returns are measured.
f) Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents include amounts held in banks and time deposits
with maturities of less than three months from the date of purchase.
g) Net income per share:
Net income per share was computed by dividing net income by the weighted
average number of shares of common stock and common stock equivalents
outstanding during the year. Stock options granted to a shareholder of the
Company were considered common stock equivalents and were included in the number
of weighted average shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. Stock
options granted to employees on February 15, 1996 and July 25, 1996, as
discussed in Note 6 were also considered common stock equivalents for the
purpose of calculating net income per share, after giving effect to the
Exchange. There is no material difference between primary and fully diluted net
income per share.
<PAGE> 14
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
h) Stock incentive compensation plan:
The Company accounts for stock option grants in accordance with APB
Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and, accordingly,
recognizes compensation expense for stock option grants to the extent that the
fair value of the stock exceeds the exercise price of the option at the
measurement date.
i) Reinsurance premiums receivable:
Reinsurance premiums receivable are stated net of an allowance for
doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $0 as of December 31,
1996 and December 31, 1995.
3. FIXED MATURITY INVESTMENTS:
a) The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and
market value of investments available for sale by category as of December 31,
1996 and December 31, 1995 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Gross Gross
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Market
December 31, 1996 Cost Gains Losses Value
----------------- -------- ------- --------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. Government and government agencies $ 74,974 $ 133 $ (952) $ 74,155
Other governments 71,487 158 (1,050) 70,595
Corporate 71,218 407 (1,314) 70,311
Supranational entities 37,211 -- (1,280) 35,931
-------- ------- --------- --------
$254,890 $ 698 $ (4,596) $250,992
======== ======= ========= ========
<CAPTION>
Gross Gross
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Market
December 31, 1995 Cost Gains Losses Value
----------------- -------- ------- --------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. Government and government agencies $ 99,733 $ 1,691 $ -- $101,424
Other governments 29,222 305 -- 29,527
Corporate 58,687 1,784 -- 60,471
Supranational entities 23,479 731 -- 24,210
-------- ------- --------- --------
$211,121 $ 4,511 $ -- $215,632
======== ======= ========= ========
</TABLE>
b) The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and
market value of investments held to maturity by category as of December 31, 1996
and December 31, 1995 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Gross Gross
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Market
December 31, 1996 Cost Gains Losses Value
----------------- -------- ------- --------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. Government and government agencies $ 2,007 $ 45 $ -- $ 2,052
Other governments 75,556 387 (505) 75,438
Corporate 103,519 916 (570) 103,865
Supranational entities 47,975 338 (204) 48,109
-------- ------- --------- --------
$229,057 $ 1,686 $ (1,279) $229,464
======== ======= ========= ========
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 15
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Gross Gross
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Market
December 31, 1995 Cost Gains Losses Value
----------------- -------- ------- --------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. Government and government agencies $ 2,010 $ 93 $ -- $ 2,103
Other governments 62,446 1,245 (42) 63,649
Corporate 103,001 2,205 (79) 105,127
Supranational entities 42,884 642 (49) 43,477
-------- ------- --------- --------
$210,341 $ 4,185 $ (170) $214,356
======== ======= ========= ========
</TABLE>
c) The contractual maturity dates of investments available for sale and
held to maturity as of December 31, 1996 are as follows:
Amortized Market
Available for Sale Cost Value
------------------ -------- --------
Due in one year or less $ 34,414 $ 34,424
Due after one year through five years 98,076 98,427
Due after five years through ten years 122,400 118,141
-------- --------
$254,890 $250,992
======== ========
Amortized Market
Held to Maturity Cost Value
---------------- -------- --------
Due in one year or less $ 29,975 $ 29,943
Due after one year through five years 99,993 100,845
Due after five years through ten years 99,089 98,676
-------- --------
$229,057 $229,464
======== ========
Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because
borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment
penalties.
d) Pledged assets:
In the normal course of business IPC Re provides security to reinsureds if
requested. Such security takes the form of a letter of credit or a cash advance.
Letters of credit are issued by a bank at the request of IPC Re.
Under an agreement effective September 20, 1994 IPC Re provides the bank
security by giving the bank a lien over certain of IPC Re's investments in an
amount not to exceed the aggregate letters of credit outstanding to a maximum of
$20,000. At December 31, 1996 and 1995 the bank had outstanding letters of
credit of $11,509 and $11,974, respectively.
<PAGE> 16
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
e) Net investment income:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended Year ended Year ended
December 31, 1996 December 31, 1995 December 31, 1994
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Interest on fixed maturity investments $ 32,216 $ 27,855 $ 21,870
Interest on cash and cash equivalents 1,409 1,074 578
Net amortization of premium on investments (3,485) (4,848) (4,714)
-------- -------- --------
30,140 24,081 17,734
Less: investment expenses (1,257) (1,226) (972)
======== ======== ========
Net investment income $ 28,883 $ 22,855 $ 16,762
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
f) Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities for the years
ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 were $309,664, $424,287 and $46,282,
respectively. Gross realized gains were $6,078, $3,820, and $7, respectively,
and gross realized losses were $2,207, $847, and $1,060, respectively, for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994. Changes in net unrealized gains
(losses) were $(8,409), $12,824, and $(8,257), respectively, for the years ended
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994.
g) The following table summarizes the composition of the fair value of all
fixed maturity investments by rating:
December 31, December 31,
1996 1995
-----------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents 4.7% 4.0%
U.S. government and government agencies 15.1% 23.1%
AAA 49.3% 52.1%
AA 29.3% 20.8%
A 1.6% 0.0%
-----------------------------
100.0% 100.0%
=============================
The primary rating source is Standard & Poor's Corporation ("S&P"). When
no S&P rating is available, Moody's Investors Services Inc. ("Moody's") ratings
are used.
h) In November, 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board in the
United States issued "A Guide to Implementation of Statement 115 on Accounting
for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities". Under this guide,
companies were permitted a one-time reassessment of the classification of
securities under Statement 115 and could sell or reclassify securities out of
the held-to-maturity portfolio. In accordance with the provisions of this guide,
in December 1995, IPC transferred fixed maturity investments with a market value
of $73,556, an amortized cost of $72,997 and an unrealized gain of $559 from the
held to maturity classification to the available for sale classification. Of
these investments, securities with an amortized cost of $48,949 were immediately
sold. Proceeds were $48,713 resulting in a realized loss to IPC of $236.
The proceeds of the sale, together with additional funds, were used to
purchase fixed income securities at a cost of $51,879 which were classified as
held to maturity. Concurrent with these transactions fixed income securities
with a market value of $27,717, an amortized cost of $26,778 and an unrealized
gain of $939 were reclassified from available for sale to held to maturity.
These transactions were carried out in order to align the maturity profile
of the held to maturity portfolio with the index against which the total
investment portfolio is managed.
<PAGE> 17
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
4. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values
of IPC's financial instruments as of December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995:
December 31, 1996 December 31, 1995
--------------------- ---------------------
Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
Value Value Value Value
-------- -------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents $ 23,797 $ 23,797 $ 18,109 $ 18,109
Fixed maturity investments $480,049 $480,456 $425,973 $429,988
The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value
because of the short maturity of those instruments. The fair values of
investments are disclosed in Note 3 and are based on quoted market prices
provided by either independent pricing services or when such prices are not
available, by reference to broker or underwriter bid indications. The fair value
of the forward foreign exchange contracts represents the estimated cost to the
Company as of December 31, 1996 of obtaining the specified currency to meet the
obligation of the contracts.
5. COMMON STOCK AND ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL:
On June 29, 1993 shareholders contributed total funds of $300,000 through
a private placement offering of which $483 was used to pay placement costs.
The authorized share capital of the Company as of December 31, 1996 and
December 31, 1995 consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31, 1996 Authorized Shares Issued Share Additional
----------------- Shares and Fully Paid Capital Paid-in Capital
---------- -------------- ------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Voting common shares, par value U.S.$0.01 each 75,000,000 25,000,000 250 $ 299,267
Preferred shares, par value U.S.$0.01 each 25,000,000 -- -- --
<CAPTION>
December 31, 1995 Shares Share Additional Paid-
----------------- Issued Capital in Capital
-----------------------------------------
Authorized, issued and fully paid:
----------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Voting common shares, par value of $200 each 709 $ 142 $221,169
Non-voting, par value of $200 each, ranking pari passu with
common shares in all respects other than the right to vote 291 58 78,148
======== ===== ========
1,000 $ 200 $299,317
======== ===== ========
</TABLE>
There are various restrictions on the ability of certain shareholders to
dispose of their shares.
In June, September and December 1996, respectively, the Company paid
dividends of $0.2875, $0.2875 and $0.3175 per share to holders of its Common
shares.
<PAGE> 18
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
6. SHARE PURCHASE OPTIONS:
In conjunction with the private placement offering discussed in Note 5,
the Company granted to American International Group, Inc. ("AIG") an option to
acquire up to 2,775,000 common shares at an exercise price of $12.7746 per share
(the "AIG Option"). The $12.7746 exercise price per share at the time of the
private placement was equal to the price paid per share by all of the Company's
shareholders, other than AIG (which paid $9.60 per share). Following
consummation of the offering referred to in Note 1, the AIG Option is
exercisable in certain circumstances, generally upon an offering of common stock
subsequent to the initial public offering referred to in Note 1, upon
amalgamation, merger, or sale of the assets of the Company or at certain dates
between June 29, 2001 and June 23, 2003 provided that the book value per share
on such dates is at least 175% of the exercise price.
The Company also adopted a Stock Option Plan (the Plan), effective
February 15, 1996. Under the Plan, at the discretion of the Compensation
Committee of the Board of Directors (the Committee), the Company may grant to
certain employees up to 277,500 common shares, $0.01 par value. The exercise
price of the options granted under the Plan shall be as determined by the
Committee in its sole discretion, including, but not limited to, the book value
per share or the publicly traded market price per share.
On February 15, 1996 and July 25, 1996, the Company granted options to
acquire 85,249 common shares to officers and management employees at an exercise
price of $16.54 per common share which equaled the book value per common share
as of December 31, 1995. Such options vest at a rate of 25% annually and lapse
on the tenth anniversary of issue.
The effect on net income and net income per common share of recording
compensation expense under the provisions of SFAS 123, Accounting for
Stock-based Compensation, versus compensation expense under the provisions of
APB Opinion No. 25 is not material for the year ended December 31, 1996.
A summary of the status of the Company's stock option plan at December 31,
1996 and changes during the year then ended is presented in the table and
narrative below:
Number of Exercise
Shares Price
--------- --------
Outstanding, beginning of year --
Granted 85,249 $16.54
Exercised --
Forfeited 4,625
Expired --
Outstanding, end of year 80,624 $16.54
Weighted average fair value of
options granted (per share) $7.16
The remaining contractual life of the options is 9.25 years.
The fair value of options granted on February 15, 1996 and July 25, 1996
was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, using an assumed
risk-free rate of interest of 5.4%; an expected dividend yield of 5.67%; an
expected life of 7 years, and an expected volatility of 40%.
<PAGE> 19
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:
In addition to the share purchase options discussed in Note 6, IPC has
entered into the following transactions and agreements with companies affiliated
with AIG:
a) Administrative services
The Company and IPC Re are parties to an agreement with American
International Company, Limited. ("AICL"), an affiliate of AIG, under which AICL
provides administrative services for a fee of 2.5% of the first $500,000 annual
gross written premiums (1.5% of the next $500,000 and 1% thereafter). These fees
are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income.
b) Investment management services
IPC Re is party to an agreement with AIG Global Investment Corp. (Ireland)
Limited ("AIGGIC"), an affiliate of AIG, under which AIGGIC provides investment
advisory and management services. IPC has agreed to pay fees to AIGGIC based on
the month end market value of the total investment portfolio as follows:
Annual Fee
Portfolio Balance in Basis Points
----------------- ---------------
Up to $100,000 35
Excess of $100,000 through $200,000 25
Excess of $200,000 15
These fees are included in net investment income in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income.
c) Investment custodian services
IPC Re is party to an agreement with AIG Trust Services Limited ("AIGTS"),
an affiliate of AIG, under which AIGTS provides investment custodian services.
IPC has agreed to pay fees of 0.04% per annum based on the month end market
value of investments held under custody. These fees are included in net
investment income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
The following amounts were incurred for services provided by affiliates of
AIG:
Investment Investment
Administrative Management Custodian
Services Services Services
-------------- ---------- ---------
Year ended December 31, 1996 $ 2,816 $ 1,017 $ 240
Year ended December 31, 1995 2,003 989 237
Year ended December 31, 1994 2,140 796 176
The following amounts were payable as of the balance sheet date to
affiliates of AIG:
December 31, 1996 $ 825
December 31, 1995 698
d) IPC assumed premiums from companies affiliated with two shareholders of
the Company. Premiums assumed were $9,628, $6,343 and $2,023, respectively, for
the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994. In addition, IPC assumed
premiums through brokers related to shareholders of the Company totaling
$19,429, $16,555 and $9,832, respectively, for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1995 and 1994. Brokerage fees and commissions incurred in respect of this
business were approximately $1,943, $1,655 and $980, respectively, for the years
ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994. All such transactions were undertaken on
normal commercial terms. Reinsurance premiums receivable due from related
parties as of December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995 were $3,097 and $2,804,
respectively.
e) A director and executive officer of various AIG subsidiaries and
affiliates serves as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of IPC.
<PAGE> 20
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
8. RESERVE FOR LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES:
Activity in the reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses is
summarized as follows:
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
Balance at beginning of Year $ 24,717 $ 17,976 $ --
Losses Incurred related to:
Current Year 32,192 34,400 31,570
Prior Year 540 2,257 --
--------------------------------------
Total Incurred 32,732 36,657 31,570
--------------------------------------
Paid Related to :
Current Year (15,670) (17,946) (13,605)
Prior Year (13,274) (11,934) --
--------------------------------------
Total Paid (28,944) (29,880) (13,605)
--------------------------------------
Effect of Foreign Exchange movements (22) (36) 11
======================================
Balance at end of Year $ 28,483 $ 24,717 $ 17,976
======================================
Losses incurred in the year ended December 31, 1996 in respect of prior
years included increases related to the Northridge, California earthquake,
together with increases in reserves for marine and aviation business. These
increases were offset by reductions in reserves for property catastrophe
business, in particular in respect of Hurricanes Luis, Opal and Marilyn.
Losses incurred in the year ended December 31, 1995 in respect of prior
years included approximately $2,000 related to an explosion at an industrial
plant and approximately $2,000 related to the Northridge, California earthquake.
These increases were offset by reductions in reserves for other claims.
The Company's loss reserves have been reviewed by an independent firm of
actuaries.
9. WRITTEN PREMIUM BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION:
Financial information relating to reinsurance premiums written by
geographic region is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended
December 31, 1996 December 31, 1995 December 31, 1994
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
Premiums Premiums Premiums
Written % Written % Written %
------- - ------- - ------- -
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Geographic Area (1)
United States $ 51,641 46.3% $ 44,516 42.8% $ 45,099 52.7%
Worldwide (2) 20,044 18.0% 23,977 23.0% 15,620 18.3%
Worldwide
(excluding the U.S.) (3) 2,429 2.2% 2,434 2.3% 687 0.8%
United Kingdom 11,403 10.2% 10,299 9.9% 7,294 8.5%
Europe (excluding U.K.) 6,523 5.8% 5,858 5.6% 6,112 7.1%
Japan 5,088 4.6% 5,495 5.3% 3,106 3.6%
Australia/New Zealand 6,308 5.6% 4,229 4.1% 4,299 5.0%
Other 8,133 7.3% 7,288 7.0% 3,393 4.0%
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
$111,569 100.0% $104,096 100.0% $ 85,610 100.0%
===================== ===================== =====================
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 21
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(1) Except as otherwise noted, each of these categories includes contracts
that cover risks located primarily in the designated geographic area.
(2) Includes contracts that cover risks primarily in two or more countries,
including the United States.
(3) Includes contracts that cover risks primarily in two or more countries,
excluding the United States.
10. CONCENTRATION AND CREDIT RISK:
At December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995, 76% and 61%, respectively, of
IPC's cash and cash equivalents were on deposit with one financial institution.
At December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995, IPC held U.S. Treasury notes
which represented approximately 15% and 21%, respectively, and International
Bank for Reconstruction & Development notes which represented approximately 8%
and 5%, respectively, of shareholders' equity.
Credit risk arises out of the failure of a counterparty to perform
according to the terms of the contract. The Company does not require collateral
or other security to support financial instruments with credit risk.
A single broker accounted for approximately 19%, 26% and 27%,
respectively, of total premiums written for the years ended December 31, 1996,
1995 and 1994. Five brokers accounted for approximately 48%, 53% and 47%,
respectively, of total premiums written for the years ended December 31, 1996,
1995 and 1994.
11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:
Since July 1995, IPC has entered into forward foreign exchange contracts
for purposes of hedging its investment portfolio. Changes in the value of these
contracts offset the foreign exchange gains and losses in the foreign currency
denominated assets being hedged. Net gains resulting from such forward foreign
exchange contracts during the year ended December 31, 1996 and 1995 were $597
and $386, respectively, and are included in realized gains (losses), net in the
accompanying consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 1996 IPC had
one forward foreign exchange contract outstanding, in respect of hedging the
Australian Dollar denominated investment portfolio at year end. IPC may also
enter into forward contracts to manage the exposures relating to known
reinsurance losses denominated in foreign currencies. No such contracts have
been entered into to date.
12. STATUTORY CAPITAL AND SURPLUS:
IPC Re is registered under the Bermuda Insurance Act 1978 and Related
Regulations (the "Act") and is obliged to comply with various provisions of the
Act regarding solvency and liquidity. Under the Act, as amended in May, 1995,
IPC Re is required to maintain minimum statutory capital and surplus equal to
the greater of $100,000, 50% of net premiums written or 15% of the reserve for
losses and loss adjustment expenses. These provisions have been met as shown in
the following table:
December 31, December 31,
1996 1995
------------ ------------
Actual statutory capital and surplus $493,898 $432,556
Minimum statutory capital and surplus $100,000 $100,000
IPC Re's statutory net income for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995
and 1994, was $95,828, $74,912 and $45,371, respectively.
The Act limits the maximum amount of annual dividends or distributions
paid by IPC Re to the Company without notification to the Registrar of such
payment (and in certain cases the prior approval of the Registrar). The maximum
amount of dividends which could be paid by IPC Re to the Company at January 1,
1997 without such notification is approximately $123,475.
<PAGE> 22
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
13. PENSION PLAN:
Effective December 1, 1995, IPC adopted a defined contribution retirement
plan for its officers and employees. Pursuant to the Plan, each participant can
contribute 5% or more of their salary and IPC will contribute an amount equal to
5% of each participant's salary. IPC's contributions under the plan are fully
funded, and amounted to approximately $189 in 1996.
14. SUBSIDIARY FINANCIAL DATA:
Summarized financial data of the subsidiary, IPC Re, is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended
December 31 ,1996 December 31 ,1995 December 31 ,1994
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Written premiums $ 111,569 $ 104,096 $ 85,610
Premiums earned 113,642 101,541 74,667
Investment income 28,833 22,855 16,761
Realized gains/(losses) 3,871 2,973 (1,053)
Incurred losses (32,732) (36,657) (31,570)
Acquisition costs (11,849) (10,315) (7,665)
General & admin. expenses and (6,024) (4,597) (4,708)
foreign exchange gains and losses, net
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Net Income $95,741 $75,800 $46,432
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Loss Ratio 28.8% 36.1% 42.3%
Expense Ratio (excl.foreign 15.9% 15.9% 16.9%
exchange gains/losses)
Combined Ratio 44.7% 52.0% 59.2%
</TABLE>
December 31, 1996 December 31, 1995
Cash & investments $ 503,265 $ 444,031
Reinsurance balances receivable 25,687 25,451
Other assets 19,810 15,737
------------------------------------------
Total Assets $ 548,762 $ 485,219
------------------------------------------
Unearned premiums 21,898 23,971
Reserves for losses 28,483 24,717
Other Liabilities 1,533 741
------------------------------------------
Total Liabilities 51,914 49,429
Common Stock 250,000 250,000
Additional paid-in capital 49,500 49,500
Unrealized gain/(loss) on (3,898) 4,511
investments
Retained earnings 201,246 131,779
------------------------------------------
Total Liabilities and Shareholder's
Equity $ 548,762 $ 485,219
------------------------------------------
<PAGE> 23
IPC HOLDINGS, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
15. TAXES:
At the present time, no income, profit, capital or capital gains taxes are
levied in Bermuda. In the event that such taxes are levied, IPC has received an
undertaking from the Bermuda Government exempting it from all such taxes until
March 28, 2016.
IPC does not consider itself to be engaged in a trade or business in the
United States and, accordingly, does not expect to be subject to United States
income taxes.
16. FOREIGN EXCHANGE GAINS (LOSSES):
The exchange gain (loss) in the accompanying consolidated statements of
income comprises the net effect of realized and unrealized exchange gains and
losses. The unrealized component arises from the revaluation of certain foreign
currency assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet dates. The realized
component arises from the difference between amounts previously recorded for
foreign currency assets and liabilities and the actual amounts received or paid
during the year.
17. UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter
Ended Ended Ended Ended
March 31, June 30, Sept. 30, Dec. 31,
1996 1996 1996 1996
-------- -------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Premiums written $ 61,808 $ 18,742 $ 22,467 $ 8,552
Premiums earned 27,833 27,743 28,883 29,183
Net investment income, 6,726 7,146 7,414 7,597
Realized gains (losses), net 3,503 (875) (358) 1,601
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 6,634 3,568 12,086 10,444
Net income 27,044 23,181 19,241 23,099
Net income per common share $ 1.03 $ 0.89 $ 0.74 $ 0.88
<CAPTION>
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter
Ended Ended Ended Ended
March 31, June 30, Sept. 30, Dec. 31,
1995 1995 1995 1995
-------- -------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Premiums written $ 53,570 $ 19,496 $ 20,204 $ 10,826
Premiums earned 23,268 25,380 26,136 26,757
Net investment income, 4,987 5,405 6,144 6,319
Realized gains (losses), net 545 66 (484) 2,846
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 13,874 1,976 17,051 3,756
Net income 11,922 25,100 9,751 27,512
Net income per common share $ 0.47 $ 0.98 $ 0.38 $ 1.05
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
As independent public accountants, we consent to the incorporation by reference
in the previously filed registration statement of IPC Holdings, Ltd. on Form S-8
(File No. 333-19149) of our reports dated February 3, 1997, included or
incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN & CO.
Hamilton, Bermuda
March 31, 1997
WARNING: THE EDGAR SYSTEM ENCOUNTERED ERROR(S) WHILE PROCESSING THIS SCHEDULE.
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 7
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE ANNUAL
REPORT ON FORM 10-K OF IPC HOLDINGS, LTD. FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (AND
THE NOTES THERETO) CONTAINED OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN SUCH REPORT.
</LEGEND>
<MULTIPLIER> 1000
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1996
<PERIOD-TYPE> 12-MOS
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1996
<DEBT-HELD-FOR-SALE> 250,992
<DEBT-CARRYING-VALUE> 229,057
<DEBT-MARKET-VALUE> 229,464
<EQUITIES> 0
<MORTGAGE> 0
<REAL-ESTATE> 0
<TOTAL-INVEST> 480,456
<CASH> 23,797
<RECOVER-REINSURE> 0
<DEFERRED-ACQUISITION> 2,354
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 548,081
<POLICY-LOSSES> 28,483
<UNEARNED-PREMIUMS> 21,898
<POLICY-OTHER> 0
<POLICY-HOLDER-FUNDS> 0
<NOTES-PAYABLE> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 250
<OTHER-SE> 495,885
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 548,081
113,642
<INVESTMENT-INCOME> 28,883
<INVESTMENT-GAINS> 3,871
<OTHER-INCOME> 0
<BENEFITS> 32,732
<UNDERWRITING-AMORTIZATION> 11,849
<UNDERWRITING-OTHER> 9,934
<INCOME-PRETAX> 92,565
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> 92,565
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> 92,565
<EPS-PRIMARY> 3.55
<EPS-DILUTED> 3.55
<RESERVE-OPEN> 24,717
<PROVISION-CURRENT> 32,192
<PROVISION-PRIOR> 540
<PAYMENTS-CURRENT> 15,670
<PAYMENTS-PRIOR> 13,274
<RESERVE-CLOSE> 28,483
<CUMULATIVE-DEFICIENCY> 0
</TABLE>
