<PAGE>
Def ined
Asset FundsSM
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT This Defined Fund consists of separate underlying
TRUST FUND Trusts designated as the California, Michigan, New
- ------------------------------Jersey and New York Trusts, each of which is a
MULTISTATE SERIES - 61 portfolio of preselected securities issued by or
(UNIT INVESTMENT TRUSTS) on behalf of the State for which the Trust is
CALIFORNIA TRUST (INSURED) named and political subdivisions and public
5.87% authorities thereof or certain United States
ESTIMATED CURRENT RETURN territories or possessions. The Fund is formed for
5.91% the purpose of providing interest income which in
ESTIMATED LONG TERM RETURN the opinion of counsel is, with certain
MICHIGAN TRUST (INSURED) exceptions, exempt from regular Federal income
5.71% taxes and from certain state and local personal
ESTIMATED CURRENT RETURN income taxes in the State for which each Trust is
5.81% named but may be subject to other state and local
ESTIMATED LONG TERM RETURN taxes. In addition, the Debt Obligations included
NEW JERSEY TRUST (INSURED) in each Trust are insured. This insurance
5.74% guarantees the timely payment of principal and
ESTIMATED CURRENT RETURN interest on but does not guarantee the market
5.74% value of the Debt Obligations or the value of the
ESTIMATED LONG TERM RETURN Units. As a result of this insurance, Units of
NEW YORK TRUST (INSURED) each Trust are rated AAA by Standard & Poor's
5.73% Ratings Group, a division of McGraw Hill, Inc.
ESTIMATED CURRENT RETURN ('Standard & Poor's'). The value of the Units of
5.80% each Trust will fluctuate with the value of the
ESTIMATED LONG TERM RETURN Portfolio of underlying Debt Obligations in the
AS OF MAY 12, 1994 Trust.
The Estimated Current Return and Estimated Long
Term Return figures shown give different
information about the return to investors.
Estimated Current Return on a Unit shows a net
annual current cash return based on the initial
Public Offering Price and the maximum applicable
sales charge and is computed by multiplying the
estimated net annual interest rate per Unit by
$1,000 and dividing the result by the Public
Offering Price per Unit (including the sales
charge but not including accrued interest).
Estimated Long Term Return shows a net annual
long-term return to investors holding to maturity
based on the yield on the individual bonds in the
Portfolio, weighted to reflect the time to
maturity (or in certain cases to an earlier call
date) and market value of each bond in the
Portfolio, adjusted to reflect the Public Offering
Price (including the sales charge) and estimated
expenses. Unlike Estimated Current Return,
Estimated Long Term Return takes into account
maturities of the underlying Securities and
discounts and premiums. Distributions of income on
Units are generally subject to certain delays; if
the Estimated Long Term Return figure shown above
took these delays into account, it would be lower.
Both Estimated Current Return and Estimated Long
Term Return are subject to fluctuations with
changes in Portfolio composition (including the
redemption, sale or other disposition of
Securities in the Portfolio), changes in the
market value of the underlying Securities and
changes in fees and expenses. Estimated cash flows
for each Trust are available upon request from the
Sponsors at no charge.
Minimum purchase: 1 Unit.
----------------------------------------
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED
OR DISAPPROVED
BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION OR ANY STATE
SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE
COMMISSION OR ANY
STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON
THE ACCURACY
OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY
SPONSORS: REPRESENTATION
Merrill Lynch, TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. INQUIRIES SHOULD BE DIRECTED TO THE
Smith Barney Shearson Inc. TRUSTEE AT 1-800-735-7777.
PaineWebber Incorporated PROSPECTUS DATED MAY 13, 1994.
Prudential Securities Incorporated READ AND RETAIN THIS PROSPECTUS FOR
Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. FUTURE REFERENCE.
<PAGE>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEFINED ASSET FUNDSSM is America's oldest and largest family of unit investment
trusts with over $90 billion sponsored since 1970. Each Defined Fund is a
portfolio of preselected securities. The portfolio is divided into 'units'
representing equal shares of the underlying assets. Each unit receives an equal
share of income and principal distributions.
With Defined Asset Funds you know in advance what you are investing in and that
changes in the portfolio are limited. Most defined bond funds pay interest
monthly and repay principal as bonds are called, redeemed, sold or as they
mature. Defined equity funds offer preselected stock portfolios with defined
termination dates.
Your financial advisor can help you select a Defined Fund to meet your personal
investment objectives. Our size and market presence enable us to offer a wide
variety of investments. Defined Funds are available in the following types of
securities: municipal bonds, corporate bonds, government bonds, utility stocks,
growth stocks, even international securities denominated in foreign currencies.
Termination dates are as short as one year or as long as 30 years. Special funds
are available for investors seeking extra features: insured funds, double and
triple tax-free funds, and funds with 'laddered maturities' to help protect
against rising interest rates. Defined Funds are offered by prospectus only.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTENTS
Investment Summary.......................................... A-3
Tax-Free vs. Taxable Income................................. A-7
Underwriting Account........................................ A-10
Fee Table................................................... A-11
Report of Independent Accountants........................... A-12
Statements of Condition..................................... A-13
Portfolios.................................................. A-14
Fund Structure.............................................. 1
Risk Factors................................................ 2
Description of the Fund..................................... 16
Taxes....................................................... 18
Public Sale of Units........................................ 21
Market for Units............................................ 24
Redemption.................................................. 24
Expenses and Charges........................................ 26
Administration of the Fund.................................. 26
Resignation, Removal and Limitations on Liability........... 30
Miscellaneous............................................... 31
Description of Ratings...................................... 33
Exchange Option............................................. 34
Appendix:
The California Trust........................................ A-1
The Michigan Trust.......................................... A-9
The New Jersey Trust........................................ A-13
The New York Trust.......................................... A-16
A-2
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT SUMMARY AS OF MAY 12, 1994 (THE BUSINESS DAY PRIOR TO THE INITIAL
DATE OF DEPOSIT)(a)
CALIFORNIA MICHIGAN
TRUST TRUST
-------------- --------------
ESTIMATED CURRENT RETURN(b)
(based on Public Offering
Price)--...................... 5.87% 5.71%
ESTIMATED LONG TERM RETURN(b)
(based on Public Offering
Price)--...................... 5.91% 5.81%
PUBLIC OFFERING PRICE PER UNIT
(including 4.50% sales
charge).......................$ 1,017.61(c)$ 993.57(c)
FACE AMOUNT OF DEBT
OBLIGATIONS...................$ 3,250,000 $ 3,250,000
INITIAL NUMBER OF UNITS(d)...... 3,250 3,250
FRACTIONAL UNDIVIDED INTEREST IN
TRUST REPRESENTED BY EACH
UNIT.......................... 1/3,250th 1/3,250th
MONTHLY INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS
First distribution to be paid
on the 25th day of August
1994 to Holders of record
on the 10th day of August
1994.......................$ 3.98 $ 4.14
Calculation of second and
following distributions:
Estimated net annual interest
rate per Unit times
$1,000...................$ 59.76 $ 56.76
Divided by 12.................$ 4.98 $ 4.73
SPONSORS' REPURCHASE PRICE AND
REDEMPTION PRICE PER
UNIT(e)
(based on bid side
evaluation)...................$ 967.82(c)$ 944.86(c)
REDEMPTION PRICE PER UNIT LESS
THAN:
Public Offering Price by...$ 49.79 $ 48.71
Sponsors' Initial
Repurchase Price by.........$ 4.00 $ 4.00
CALCULATION OF PUBLIC OFFERING
PRICE
Aggregate offer side
evaluation of Debt
Obligations
in Trust.................$ 3,158,415.00 $ 3,083,802.50
-------------- --------------
Divided by Number of
Units......................$ 971.82 $ 948.86
Plus sales charge of 4.50%
of Public Offering Price
(4.712% of net amount
invested in Debt
Obligations)(f).......... 45.79 44.71
-------------- --------------
Public Offering Price per
Unit.......................$ 1,017.61 $ 993.57
Plus accrued interest(g)... 1.16 1.10
-------------- --------------
Total....................$ 1,018.77 $ 994.67
-------------- --------------
-------------- --------------
CALCULATION OF ESTIMATED NET
ANNUAL INTEREST RATE PER UNIT
(based on face amount of
$1,000 per Unit)
Annual interest rate per
Unit....................... 6.175% 5.876%
Less estimated annual
expenses per Unit
expressed as a
percentage............... .199% .200%
-------------- --------------
Estimated net annual
interest rate per
Unit................... 5.976% 5.676%
-------------- --------------
-------------- --------------
DAILY RATE AT WHICH ESTIMATED
NET INTEREST ACCRUES
PER UNIT........................ .0166% .0157%
SPONSORS' PROFIT (LOSS) ON
DEPOSIT.........................$ 23,912.50 $ 25,627.50
TRUSTEE'S ANNUAL FEE AND
EXPENSES........................$ 1.99(h)$ 2.00(h)
Per Unit commencing July,
1994 and June, 1994 for
the California and
Michigan Trusts,
respectively (see
Expenses and Charges).
- ------------------
(a) The Indentures were signed and the initial deposits were made on the date
of this Prospectus.
(b) Estimated Current Return represents annual interest income after
estimated annual expenses divided by the maximum public offering price including
a 4.50% maximum sales charge. Estimated Long Term Return is the net annual
percentage return based on the yield on each underlying Debt Obligation weighted
to reflect market value and time to maturity or earlier call date. Estimated
Long Term Return is adjusted for estimated expenses and the maximum offering
price but not for delays in a Trust's distribution of income. Estimated Current
Return shows current annual cash return to investors while Estimated Long Term
Return shows the return on Units held to maturity, reflecting maturities,
discounts and premiums on underlying Debt Obligations. Each figure will vary
with purchase price including sales charge, changes in the net interest income
and the redemptions, sale, or other disposition of Debt Obligations in the
Portfolio.
(c) Plus accrued interest.
(d) The Sponsors may create additional Units during the offering period of
the Fund.
(e) During the initial offering period, the Sponsors intend to offer to
purchase Units at prices based on the offer side value of the underlying
Securities. Thereafter, the Sponsors intend to maintain such a market based on
the bid side value of the underlying Securities which will be equal to the
Redemption Price. (See Market for Units.)
(f) The sales charge during the initial offering period and in the secondary
market will be reduced on a graduated scale in the case of purchases of 250 or
more Units; the secondary market sales charge will also vary depending on the
maturities of the underlying Securities (see Public Sale of Units--Public
Offering Price). Any resulting reduction in the Public Offering Price will
increase the effective current and long term returns on a Unit.
(g) Figure shown represents interest accrued on underlying Securities from
the Initial Date of Deposit to expected date of settlement (normally five
business days after purchase) for Units purchased on Initial Date of Deposit
(see Description of the Fund--Income; Estimated Current Return; Estimated Long
Term Return).
(h) During the first year this amount will be reduced by $0.33 and $0.15 for
the California and Michigan Trusts, respectively. Estimated annual interest
income per Unit (estimated annual interest rate per Unit times $1,000) during
the first year will be $61.42 and $58.61 and estimated expenses per Unit will be
$1.66 and $1.85 for the California and Michigan Trusts, respectively. Estimated
net annual interest income per Unit will remain the same (see Description of the
Fund--Income; Estimated Current Return; Estimated Long Term Return).
A-3
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT SUMMARY AS OF MAY 12, 1994 (CONTINUED)
CALIFORNIA MICHIGAN
TRUST TRUST
------------- -------------
NUMBER OF ISSUES IN PORTFOLIO-- 7 7
NUMBER OF ISSUES BY
SOURCE OF REVENUE(a):
State/Local Municipal Electric
Utilities-- 1 --
General Obligation-- 1 4
Hospitals/Healthcare Facilities-- -- 2
Lease Revenue-- 2 --
Municipal Water/Sewer Utilities-- 2 1
University/College-- 1 --
NUMBER OF ISSUES RATED BY
STANDARD &
POOR'S/RATING-- AAA-- 7(b) 7(b)
RANGE OF FIXED FINAL MATURITY DATES
OF DEBT
OBLIGATIONS...................... 2019-2024 2011-2023
TYPE OF ISSUE EXPRESSED AS A
PERCENTAGE OF THE AGGREGATE FACE
AMOUNT OF PORTFOLIO
General Obligation Issues........ 15% 62%
Issues Payable from Income of
Specific Project or Authority.... 85% 38%
Debt Obligations Issued at an
'Original Issue
Discount'(c).................. 85% 85%
Obligations Insured by certain
Insurance Companies:(d)
AMBAC......................... 23% --
CGIC.......................... 31% --
Financial Guaranty............ -- 69%
MBIA.......................... 46% 31%
CONCENTRATIONS(a) EXPRESSED AS A
PERCENTAGE OF THE AGGREGATE FACE
AMOUNT OF PORTFOLIO(e)
Lease Rental.................. 31% --
General Obligation............ -- 62%
Hospital/Healthcare
Facilities.................... -- 31%
PREMIUM AND DISCOUNT ISSUES IN
PORTFOLIO
Face amount of Debt
Obligations
with offer side
evaluation: at
par-- 23% --
over par-- -- 31%
at a discount from par-- 77% 69%
PERCENTAGE OF PORTFOLIO ACQUIRED
FROM
UNDERWRITING SYNDICATE IN WHICH
CERTAIN SPONSORS PARTICIPATED AS
SOLE UNDERWRITER, MANAGING
UNDERWRITER OR MEMBER............ 31% --
PERCENTAGE OF PORTFOLIOS NOT
SUBJECT TO OPTIONAL
REDEMPTIONS PRIOR TO 2002 (AT
PRICES INITIALLY AT LEAST 102% OF
PAR)(f).......................... 100% 100%
- ------------------
(a) See Risk Factors for a brief summary of certain investment risks relating
to certain of these issues.
(b) All of the Debt Obligations in this Trust are insured as to scheduled
payments of principal and interest as a result of which the Units of the Trust
are rated AAA by Standard & Poor's (see Description of Ratings).
(c) See Taxes.
(d) See Risk Factors--Obligations Backed by Insurance.
(e) A Trust is considered to be 'concentrated' in these categories when they
constitute 25% or more of the aggregate face amount of the Portfolio.
(f) See Footnote (2) to Portfolios.
A-4
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT SUMMARY AS OF MAY 12, 1994 (THE BUSINESS DAY PRIOR TO THE INITIAL
DATE OF DEPOSIT)(a)
NEW JERSEY NEW YORK
TRUST TRUST
-------------- --------------
ESTIMATED CURRENT RETURN(b)
(based on Public Offering
Price)--...................... 5.74% 5.73%
ESTIMATED LONG TERM RETURN(b)
(based on Public Offering
Price)--...................... 5.74% 5.80%
PUBLIC OFFERING PRICE PER UNIT
(including 4.50% sales
charge).......................$ 1,035.04(c)$ 997.34(c)
FACE AMOUNT OF DEBT
OBLIGATIONS...................$ 3,250,000 $ 3,500,000
INITIAL NUMBER OF UNITS(d)...... 3,250 3,500
FRACTIONAL UNDIVIDED INTEREST IN
TRUST REPRESENTED BY EACH
UNIT.......................... 1/3,250th 1/3,500th
MONTHLY INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS
First distribution to be paid
on the 25th day of August
1994 to Holders of record
on the 10th day of August
1994.......................$ 4.80 $ 3.47
Calculation of second and
following distributions:
Estimated net annual interest
rate per Unit times
$1,000...................$ 59.40 $ 57.12
Divided by 12.................$ 4.95 $ 4.76
SPONSORS' REPURCHASE PRICE AND
REDEMPTION PRICE PER
UNIT(e)
(based on bid side
evaluation)...................$ 984.46(c)$ 948.46(c)
REDEMPTION PRICE PER UNIT LESS
THAN:
Public Offering Price by...$ 50.58 $ 48.88
Sponsors' Initial
Repurchase Price by.........$ 4.00 $ 4.00
CALCULATION OF PUBLIC OFFERING
PRICE
Aggregate offer side
evaluation of Debt
Obligations
in Trust.................$ 3,212,497.50 $ 3,333,620.00
-------------- --------------
Divided by Number of
Units......................$ 988.46 $ 952.46
Plus sales charge of 4.50%
of Public Offering Price
(4.712% of net amount
invested in Debt
Obligations)(f).......... 46.58 44.88
-------------- --------------
Public Offering Price per
Unit.......................$ 1,035.04 $ 997.34
Plus accrued interest(g)... 1.15 1.11
-------------- --------------
Total....................$ 1,036.19 $ 998.45
-------------- --------------
-------------- --------------
CALCULATION OF ESTIMATED NET
ANNUAL INTEREST RATE PER UNIT
(based on face amount of
$1,000 per Unit)
Annual interest rate per
Unit....................... 6.140% 5.907%
Less estimated annual
expenses per Unit
expressed as a
percentage............... .200% .195%
-------------- --------------
Estimated net annual
interest rate per
Unit................... 5.940% 5.712%
-------------- --------------
-------------- --------------
DAILY RATE AT WHICH ESTIMATED
NET INTEREST ACCRUES
PER UNIT........................ .0165% .0158%
SPONSORS' PROFIT (LOSS) ON
DEPOSIT.........................$ 32,855.00 $ 37,190.00
TRUSTEE'S ANNUAL FEE AND
EXPENSES........................$ 2.00(h)$ 1.95(h)
Per Unit commencing August,
1994 and June, 1994 for
the New Jersey and New
York Trusts, respectively
(see Expenses and
Charges).
- ------------------
(a) The Indentures were signed and the initial deposits were made on the date
of this Prospectus.
(b) Estimated Current Return represents annual interest income after
estimated annual expenses divided by the maximum public offering price including
a 4.50% maximum sales charge. Estimated Long Term Return is the net annual
percentage return based on the yield on each underlying Debt Obligation weighted
to reflect market value and time to maturity or earlier call date. Estimated
Long Term Return is adjusted for estimated expenses and the maximum offering
price but not for delays in a Trust's distribution of income. Estimated Current
Return shows current annual cash return to investors while Estimated Long Term
Return shows the return on Units held to maturity, reflecting maturities,
discounts and premiums on underlying Debt Obligations. Each figure will vary
with purchase price including sales charge, changes in the net interest income
and the redemptions, sale, or other disposition of Debt Obligations in the
Portfolio.
(c) Plus accrued interest.
(d) The Sponsors may create additional Units during the offering period of
the Fund.
(e) During the initial offering period, the Sponsors intend to offer to
purchase Units at prices based on the offer side value of the underlying
Securities. Thereafter, the Sponsors intend to maintain such a market based on
the bid side value of the underlying Securities which will be equal to the
Redemption Price. (See Market for Units.)
(f) The sales charge during the initial offering period and in the secondary
market will be reduced on a graduated scale in the case of purchases of 250 or
more Units; the secondary market sales charge will also vary depending on the
maturities of the underlying Securities (see Public Sale of Units--Public
Offering Price). Any resulting reduction in the Public Offering Price will
increase the effective current and long term returns on a Unit.
(g) Figure shown represents interest accrued on underlying Securities from
the Initial Date of Deposit to expected date of settlement (normally five
business days after purchase) for Units purchased on Initial Date of Deposit
(see Description of the Fund--Income; Estimated Current Return; Estimated Long
Term Return).
(h) During the first year this amount will be reduced by $0.44 and $0.17 for
the New Jersey and New York Trusts, respectively. Estimated annual interest
income per Unit (estimated annual interest rate per Unit times $1,000) during
the first year will be $60.96 and $58.90 and estimated expenses per Unit will be
$1.56 and $1.78 for the New Jersey and New York Trusts, respectively. Estimated
net annual interest income per Unit will remain the same (see Description of the
Fund--Income; Estimated Current Return; Estimated Long Term Return).
A-5
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT SUMMARY AS OF MAY 12, 1994 (CONTINUED)
NEW JERSEY NEW YORK
TRUST TRUST
------------- -------------
NUMBER OF ISSUES IN PORTFOLIO-- 7 7
NUMBER OF ISSUES BY
SOURCE OF REVENUE(a):
Airports/Ports/Highways-- -- 1
Special Tax-- -- 1
Hospitals/Healthcare Facilities-- 3 1
Moral Obligation-- -- 1
Lease Revenue-- 1 --
Municipal Water/Sewer Utilities-- 1 1
University/College-- 2 1
Transit Authorities-- -- 1
NUMBER OF ISSUES RATED BY
STANDARD &
POOR'S/RATING-- AAA-- 7(b) 7(b)
RANGE OF FIXED FINAL MATURITY DATES
OF DEBT
OBLIGATIONS...................... 2012-2024 2017-2024
TYPE OF ISSUE EXPRESSED AS A
PERCENTAGE OF THE AGGREGATE FACE
AMOUNT OF PORTFOLIO
Issues Payable from Income of
Specific Project or Authority.... 100% 100%
Debt Obligations Issued at an
'Original Issue
Discount'(c).................. 85% 100%
Obligations Insured by certain
Insurance Companies:(d)
AMBAC......................... 23% 72%
CGIC.......................... 15% --
Connie Lee.................... -- 14%
MBIA.......................... 62% 14%
CONCENTRATIONS(a) EXPRESSED AS A
PERCENTAGE OF THE AGGREGATE FACE
AMOUNT OF PORTFOLIO(e)
Hospitals/Healthcare
Facilities.................... 46% --
University/College............ 31% --
PREMIUM AND DISCOUNT ISSUES IN
PORTFOLIO
Face amount of Debt
Obligations
with offer side
evaluation: at
par-- 15% 14%
over par-- 15% --
at a discount from par-- 70% 86%
PERCENTAGE OF PORTFOLIO ACQUIRED
FROM
UNDERWRITING SYNDICATE IN WHICH
CERTAIN SPONSORS PARTICIPATED AS
SOLE UNDERWRITER, MANAGING
UNDERWRITER OR MEMBER............ -- --
PERCENTAGE OF PORTFOLIOS NOT
SUBJECT TO OPTIONAL
REDEMPTIONS PRIOR TO 2002 (AT
PRICES INITIALLY AT LEAST 100% OF
PAR)(f).......................... 100% 100%
- ------------------
(a) See Risk Factors for a brief summary of certain investment risks relating
to certain of these issues.
(b) All of the Debt Obligations in this Trust are insured as to scheduled
payments of principal and interest as a result of which the Units of the Trust
are rated AAA by Standard & Poor's (see Description of Ratings).
(c) See Taxes.
(d) See Risk Factors--Obligations Backed by Insurance.
(e) A Trust is considered to be 'concentrated' in these categories when they
constitute 25% or more of the aggregate face amount of the Portfolio.
(f) See Footnote (2) to Portfolios.
A-6
<PAGE>
Def ined
Asset Funds
INVESTOR'S GUIDE
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT TRUST FUND
TRUST FUND Our defined portfolios of municipal bonds offer
- ------------------------------investors a simple and convenient way to earn
Multistate Series monthly income tax-free. And by purchasing
municipal Defined Funds, investors not only avoid
the problem of selecting municipal bonds by
themselves, but also gain the advantage of
diversification by investing in bonds of several
different issuers. Spreading your investment among
different securities and issuers reduces your
risk, but does not eliminate it.
MONTHLY TAX-FREE INTEREST INCOME
Each Trust pays monthly income, even though the
underlying bonds pay interest semi-annually. This
income is generally 100% exempt under existing
laws from regular federal income tax and from
certain state and local personal income taxes in
the State for which the Trust is named. Any gain
on disposition of the underlying bonds will be
subject to tax.
REINVESTMENT OPTION
You can elect to automatically reinvest your
distributions into a separate portfolio of
federally tax-exempt bonds. Reinvesting helps to
compound your income tax-free. Income from the
reinvestment program may be subject to state and
local taxes.
A-RATED INVESTMENT QUALITY
Each bond in the Fund has been selected by
investment professionals among available bonds
rated A or better by at least one national rating
organization or has, in the opinion of Defined
Funds research analysts, comparable credit
characteristics. Bonds with these 'investment
grade' ratings are judged to have a strong
capacity to pay interest and repay principal. In
addition, units of any insured Fund are rated AAA
by Standard & Poor's.
PROFESSIONAL SELECTION AND SUPERVISION
Each Trust contains a variety of securities
selected by experienced buyers and market
analysts. The Trusts are not actively managed.
However, each portfolio is regularly reviewed and
a security can be sold if, in the opinion of
Defined Funds analysts and buyers, retaining it
could be detrimental to investors' interests.
A LIQUID INVESTMENT
Although not legally required to do so, the
Sponsors have maintained a secondary market for
Defined Asset Funds for over 20 years. You can
cash in your units at any time. Your price is
based on the market value of the bonds in the
Fund's portfolio at that time as determined by an
independent evaluator. Or, you can exchange your
investment for another Defined Fund at a reduced
sales charge. There is never a fee for cashing in
your investment.
PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTIONS
Principal from sales, redemptions and maturities
of bonds in the Fund is distributed to investors
periodically.
RISK FACTORS
Unit price fluctuates and is affected by interest
rates as well as the financial condition of the
issuers and insurers of the bonds.
This page may not be distributed unless included in a current prospectus.
Investors should refer to the prospectus for further information.
<PAGE>
TAX-FREE VS. TAXABLE INCOME
A COMPARISON OF TAXABLE AND TAX-FREE YIELDS
FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS
<TABLE><CAPTION>
COMBINED
TAXABLE INCOME 1994* EFFECTIVE
TAX RATE
A TAX-FREE YIELD OF
%
SINGLE RETURN JOINT RETURN 3% 3.5% 4% 4.5% 5% 5.5% 6%
IS EQUIVALENT TO A TAXABLE YIELD OF
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-36,900 20.10 3.75 4.38 5.01 5.63 6.26 6.88 7.51
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-22,100 20.10 3.75 4.38 5.01 5.63 6.26 6.88 7.51
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$36,900-89,150 34.70 4.59 5.36 6.13 6.89 7.66 8.42 9.19
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$22,100-53,500 34.70 4.59 5.36 6.13 6.89 7.66 8.42 9.19
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$89,150-140,000 38.59 4.89 5.70 6.51 7.33 8.14 8.96 9.77
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$53,500-115,000 38.59 4.89 5.70 6.51 7.33 8.14 8.96 9.77
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$140,000-250,000 43.04 5.27 6.14 7.02 7.90 8.78 9.66 10.53
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$115,000-250,000 43.04 5.27 6.14 7.02 7.90 8.78 9.66 10.53
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 46.24 5.58 6.51 7.44 8.37 9.30 10.23 11.16
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 46.24 5.58 6.51 7.44 8.37 9.30 10.23 11.16
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
TAXABLE INCOME 199
SINGLE RETURN 6.5% 7%
- ------------------
8.14 8.76
- ------------------
$0-22,100 8.14 8.76
- ------------------
9.95 10.72
- ------------------
$22,100-53,500 9.95 10.72
- ------------------
10.58 11.40
- ------------------
$53,500-115,000 10.58 11.40
- ------------------
11.41 12.29
- ------------------
$115,000-250,000 11.41 12.29
- ------------------
12.09 13.02
- ------------------
OVER $250,000 12.09 13.02
- ------------------
FOR MICHIGAN RESIDENTS
<TABLE><CAPTION>
COMBINED
TAXABLE INCOME 1994* EFFECTIVE
TAX RATE
TAX-FREE YIELD OF
%
SINGLE RETURN JOINT RETURN 3% 3.5% 4% 4.5% 5% 5.5% 6%
IS EQUIVALENT TO A TAXABLE YIELD OF
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-36,900 18.80 3.69 4.31 4.93 5.54 6.16 6.77 7.39
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-22,100 18.80 3.69 4.31 4.93 5.54 6.16 6.77 7.39
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$36,900-89,150 31.22 4.36 5.09 5.82 6.54 7.27 8.00 8.72
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$22,100-53,500 31.22 4.36 5.09 5.82 6.54 7.27 8.00 8.72
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$89,150-140,000 34.08 4.55 5.31 6.07 6.83 7.59 8.34 9.10
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$53,500-115,000 34.08 4.55 5.31 6.07 6.83 7.59 8.34 9.10
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$140,000-250,000 38.86 4.91 5.72 6.54 7.36 8.18 9.00 9.81
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$115,000-250,000 38.86 4.91 5.72 6.54 7.36 8.18 9.00 9.81
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 42.30 5.20 6.07 6.93 7.80 8.67 9.53 10.40
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 42.30 5.20 6.07 6.93 7.80 8.67 9.53 10.40
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
TAXABLE INCOME 199
SINGLE RETURN 6.5% 7%
- ------------------
8.00 8.62
- ------------------
$0-22,100 8.00 8.62
- ------------------
9.45 10.18
- ------------------
$22,100-53,500 9.45 10.18
- ------------------
9.86 10.62
- ------------------
$53,500-115,000 9.86 10.62
- ------------------
10.63 11.45
- ------------------
$115,000-250,000 10.63 11.45
- ------------------
11.26 12.13
- ------------------
OVER $250,000 11.26 12.13
- ------------------
FOR NEW JERSEY RESIDENTS
<TABLE><CAPTION>
COMBINED
TAXABLE INCOME 1994* EFFECTIVE
TAX RATE
TAX-FREE YIELD OF
%
SINGLE RETURN JOINT RETURN 3% 3.5% 4% 4.5% 5% 5.5% 6%
IS EQUIVALENT TO A TAXABLE YIELD OF
<S> <S> <S> <S> <S> <S> <S> <S> <S> <S>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-36,900 17.02 3.62 4.22 4.82 5.42 6.03 6.63 7.23
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-22,100 17.02 3.62 4.22 4.82 5.42 6.03 6.63 7.23
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$36,900-89,150 32.45 4.44 5.18 5.92 6.66 7.40 8.14 8.88
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$22,100-53,500 32.45 4.44 5.18 5.92 6.66 7.40 8.14 8.88
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$89,150-140,000 35.59 4.66 5.43 6.21 6.99 7.76 8.54 9.32
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$53,500-115,000 35.59 4.66 5.43 6.21 6.99 7.76 8.54 9.32
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$140,000-250,000 40.26 5.02 5.86 6.70 7.53 8.37 9.21 10.04
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$115,000-250,000 40.26 5.02 5.86 6.70 7.53 8.37 9.21 10.04
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 43.62 5.32 6.21 7.09 7.98 8.87 9.75 10.64
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 43.62 5.32 6.21 7.09 7.98 8.87 9.75 10.64
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
TAXABLE INCOME 199
SINGLE RETURN 6.5% 7%
- ------------------
7.83 8.44
- ------------------
$0-22,100 7.83 8.44
- ------------------
9.62 10.36
- ------------------
$22,100-53,500 9.62 10.36
- ------------------
10.09 10.87
- ------------------
$53,500-115,000 10.09 10.87
- ------------------
10.88 11.72
- ------------------
$115,000-250,000 10.88 11.72
- ------------------
11.53 12.42
- ------------------
OVER $250,000 11.53 12.42
- ------------------
To compare the yield of a taxable security with the yield of a tax-free security
find your taxable income and read across. These tables incorporate current
Federal and applicable State income tax rates and assume that all income would
otherwise be taxable at the investor's highest tax rates. Yield figures are for
example only.
Legislation has recently been enacted that would increase rates for certain
individuals, thereby increasing the tax-free equivalent yield.
*Based upon net amount subject to Federal income tax after deductions and
exemptions. These tables do not reflect other possible tax factors such as the
alternative minimum tax, personal exemptions, the phase out of exemptions,
itemized deductions and the possible partial disallowance of deductions.
Consequently, holders are urged to consult their own tax advisers in this
regard.
A-7
<PAGE>
TAX-FREE VS. TAXABLE INCOME
A COMPARISON OF TAXABLE AND TAX-FREE YIELDS
FOR NEW YORK CITY RESIDENTS
<TABLE><CAPTION>
COMBINED
TAXABLE INCOME 1994* EFFECTIVE
TAX RATE
TAX-FREE YIELD OF
%
SINGLE RETURN JOINT RETURN 3% 3.5% 4% 4.5% 5% 5.5% 6%
IS EQUIVALENT TO A TAXABLE YIELD OF
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-36,900 25.33 4.02 4.69 5.36 6.03 6.70 7.37 8.04
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-22,100 25.33 4.02 4.69 5.36 6.03 6.70 7.37 8.04
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$36,900-89,150 36.84 4.75 5.54 6.33 7.12 7.92 8.71 9.50
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$22,100-53,500 36.84 4.75 5.54 6.33 7.12 7.92 8.71 9.50
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$89,150-140,000 39.51 4.96 5.79 6.61 7.44 8.27 9.09 9.92
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$53,500-115,000 39.51 4.96 5.79 6.61 7.44 8.27 9.09 9.92
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$140,000-250,000 43.89 5.35 6.24 7.13 8.02 8.91 9.80 10.69
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$115,000-250,000 43.89 5.35 6.24 7.13 8.02 8.91 9.80 10.69
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 47.05 5.67 6.61 7.55 8.50 9.44 10.39 11.33
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 47.05 5.67 6.61 7.55 8.50 9.44 10.39 11.33
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
TAXABLE INCOME 199
SINGLE RETURN 6.5% 7%
- ------------------
8.71 9.37
- ------------------
$0-22,100 8.71 9.37
- ------------------
10.29 11.08
- ------------------
$22,100-53,500 10.29 11.08
- ------------------
10.75 11.57
- ------------------
$53,500-115,000 10.75 11.57
- ------------------
11.59 12.48
- ------------------
$115,000-250,000 11.59 12.48
- ------------------
12.28 13.22
- ------------------
OVER $250,000 12.28 13.22
- ------------------
FOR NEW YORK STATE RESIDENTS
<TABLE><CAPTION>
COMBINED
TAXABLE INCOME 1994* EFFECTIVE
TAX RATE
TAX-FREE YIELD OF
%
SINGLE RETURN JOINT RETURN 3% 3.5% 4% 4.5% 5% 5.5% 6%
IS EQUIVALENT TO A TAXABLE YIELD OF
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-36,900 21.69 3.83 4.47 5.11 5.75 6.39 7.02 7.66
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-22,100 21.69 3.83 4.47 5.11 5.75 6.39 7.02 7.66
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$36,900-89,150 33.67 4.52 5.28 6.03 6.78 7.54 8.29 9.05
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$22,100-53,500 33.67 4.52 5.28 6.03 6.78 7.54 8.29 9.05
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$89,150-140,000 36.43 4.72 5.51 6.29 7.08 7.87 8.65 9.44
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$53,500-115,000 36.43 4.72 5.51 6.29 7.08 7.87 8.65 9.44
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$140,000-250,000 41.04 5.09 5.94 6.78 7.63 8.48 9.33 10.18
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$115,000-250,000 41.04 5.09 5.94 6.78 7.63 8.48 9.33 10.18
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 44.36 5.39 6.29 7.19 8.09 8.99 9.88 10.78
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 44.36 5.39 6.29 7.19 8.09 8.99 9.88 10.78
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
TAXABLE INCOME 199
SINGLE RETURN 6.5% 7%
- ------------------
8.30 8.94
- ------------------
$0-22,100 8.30 8.94
- ------------------
9.80 10.55
- ------------------
$22,100-53,500 9.80 10.55
- ------------------
10.23 11.01
- ------------------
$53,500-115,000 10.23 11.01
- ------------------
11.02 11.87
- ------------------
$115,000-250,000 11.02 11.87
- ------------------
11.68 12.58
- ------------------
OVER $250,000 11.68 12.58
- ------------------
To compare the yield of a taxable security with the yield of a tax-free security
find your taxable income and read across. These tables incorporate current
Federal and applicable State (and City) income tax rates and assume that all
income would otherwise be taxable at the investor's highest tax rates. Yield
figures are for example only.
Legislation has recently been enacted that would increase rates for certain
individuals, thereby increasing the tax-free equivalent yield.
*Based upon net amount subject to Federal income tax after deductions and
exemptions. These tables do not reflect other possible tax factors such as the
alternative minimum tax, personal exemptions, the phase out of exemptions,
itemized deductions and the possible partial disallowance of deductions.
Consequently, holders are urged to consult their own tax advisers in this
regard.
A-8
<PAGE>
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT TRUST FUND
MULTISTATE SERIES
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS
I want to learn more about automatic reinvestment in the Investment Accumulation
Program. Please send me information about participation in the Municipal Fund
Accumulation Program, Inc. and a current Prospectus.
My name (please
print) _________________________________________________________________________
My address (please print):
Street and Apt.
No. ____________________________________________________________________________
City, State, Zip
Code ___________________________________________________________________________
This page is a self-mailer. Please complete the information above, cut along the
dotted line, fold along the lines on the reverse side, tape, and mail with the
Trustee's address displayed on the outside.
12345678
<PAGE>
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL NO POSTAGE
FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 6665 NEW YORK, NY NECESSARY
IF MAILED
POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE IN THE
BANKERS TRUST COMPANY UNITED STATES
UNIT INVESTMENT TRUST
FOUR ALBANY STREET
7th FLOOR
NEW YORK, NY 10015
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Fold along this line.)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Fold along this line.)
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT SUMMARY FOR EACH TRUST AS OF MAY 12, 1994 (CONTINUED)
RECORD DAY
The 10th day of each month
DISTRIBUTION DAY
The 25th day of each month
MINIMUM CAPITAL DISTRIBUTION
No distribution need be made from Capital Account of any Trust if balance
is less than $5.00 per Unit outstanding.
EVALUATION TIME
3:30 P.M. New York Time
ANNUAL PORTFOLIO SUPERVISION FEE(a)
Maximum of $0.25 per $1,000 face amount of underlying Debt Obligations (see
Expenses and Charges)
EVALUATOR'S FEE FOR EACH SERIES
Minimum of $13.00 (see Expenses and Charges)
MANDATORY TERMINATION DATE
Each Trust must be terminated no later than one year after the maturity
date of the last maturing Debt Obligation listed under its Portfolio (see
Portfolios).
MINIMUM VALUE OF TRUSTS
Any Trust may be terminated if its value is less than 40% of the Face
Amount of Securities in the Portfolio on the date of their deposit.
OBJECTIVE--To provide tax-exempt interest income through investment in
fixed-income long-term debt obligations issued by or on behalf of the States for
which the Trusts are named and political subdivisions and public authorities
thereof or certain United States territories or possessions. There is no
assurance that this objective will be met because it is subject to the
continuing ability of issuers of the Debt Obligations held by the Trusts to meet
their principal and interest requirements. Furthermore, the market value of the
underlying Debt Obligations, and therefore the value of the Units, will
fluctuate with changes in interest rates and other factors.
The Sponsors may deposit additional Securities in a Trust (where additional
Units are to be offered to the public) subsequent to the Initial Date of Deposit
(see Fund Structure).
RISK FACTORS--Investment in a Trust should be made with an understanding
that the value of the underlying Portfolio may decline with increases in
interest rates. In recent years there have been wide fluctuations in interest
rates and thus in the value of fixed-rate, long-term debt obligations generally.
The Sponsors cannot predict whether these fluctuations will continue in the
future. The Securities are generally not listed on a national securities
exchange. Whether or not the Securities are listed, the principal trading market
for the Securities will generally be in the over-the-counter market. As a
result, the existence of a liquid trading market for the Securities may depend
on whether dealers will make a market in the Securities. There can be no
assurance that a market will be made for any of the Securities, that any market
for the Securities will be maintained or of the liquidity of the Securities in
any markets made. In addition, the Fund may be restricted under the Investment
Company Act of 1940 from selling Securities to any Sponsor. The price at which
the Securities may be sold to meet redemptions and the value of Trust Units will
be adversely affected if trading markets for the Securities are limited or
absent.
PUBLIC OFFERING PRICE--During the initial offering period and any offering
of additional units the Public Offering Price of the Units of a Trust is based
on the aggregate offer side evaluation of the underlying Securities in the Trust
(the price at which they could be directly purchased by the public assuming they
were available) divided by the number of Units of the Trust outstanding plus a
sales charge of 4.712% of the offer side evaluation per Unit (the net amount
invested); this results in a sales charge of 4.50% of the Public Offering
Price.(b) For secondary market sales charges see Public Sale of Units--Public
Offering Price. Units are offered at the Public Offering Price computed as of
the Evaluation Time for all sales made subsequent to the previous evaluation,
plus cash per unit in the Capital Account not allocated to the purchase of
specific Securities and net interest accrued. The Public Offering Price on the
Initial Date of Deposit and subsequent dates will vary from the Public Offering
Price set forth on page A-3. (See Public Sale of Units--Public Offering Price
and Redemption.)
ESTIMATED CURRENT RETURN; ESTIMATED LONG TERM RETURN--Estimated Current
Return on a Unit of the Trust shows the return based on the Initial Public
Offering Price and the maximum applicable sales charge of 4.50%(b) and is
computed by multiplying the estimated net annual interest rate per Unit (which
shows the return per Unit based on $1,000 face amount per Unit) by $1,000 and
dividing the result by the Public Offering Price per Unit (not including accrued
interest). Estimated Long Term Return on a Unit of the Trust shows a net annual
long-term return to investors holding to maturity based on the individual Debt
Obligations in the Portfolio weighted to reflect the time to maturity (or in
certain cases to an earlier call date) and market value of each Debt Obligation
in the Portfolio, adjusted to reflect the Public Offering Price (including the
maximum applicable sales charge of 4.50%) and estimated expenses. The net annual
interest rate per Unit and the net annual long-term
- ---------------
(a) In addition to this amount, the Sponsors may be reimbursed for bookkeeping
or other administrative expenses not exceeding their actual costs, currently at
a maximum annual rate of $0.10 per Unit.
(b) The sales charge during the initial offering period and in the secondary
market will be reduced on a graduated scale in the case of purchases of 250 or
more Units (see Public Sale of Units--Public Offering Price).
A-9
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT SUMMARY FOR EACH TRUST AS OF MAY 12, 1994 (CONTINUED)
return to investors will vary with changes in the fees and expenses of the
Trustee and Sponsors and the fees of the Evaluator which are paid by the Fund,
and with the exchange, redemption, sale, prepayment or maturity of the
underlying Securities; the Public Offering Price will vary with any reduction in
sales charges paid in the case of purchases of 250 or more Units, as well as
with fluctuations in the offer side evaluation of the underlying Securities.
Therefore, it can be expected that the Estimated Current Return and Estimated
Long Term Return will fluctuate in the future (see Description of the
Fund--Income; Estimated Current Return; Estimated Long Term Return).
MONTHLY DISTRIBUTIONS--Monthly distributions of interest and any principal
or premium received by a Trust will be made in cash on or shortly after the 25th
day of each month to Holders of record of Units of the Trust on the 10th day of
such month commencing with the first distribution on the date indicated above
(see Administration of the Fund--Accounts and Distributions). Alternatively,
Holders may elect to have their monthly distributions reinvested in the
Municipal Fund Accumulation Program, Inc. Further information about the program,
including a current prospectus, may be obtained by returning the enclosed form
(see Administration of the Fund-- Investment Accumulation Program).
TAXATION--In the opinion of special counsel to the Sponsors, each Holder of
Units of a Trust will be considered to have received the interest on his pro
rata portion of each Debt Obligation in the Trust when interest on the Debt
Obligation is received by the Trust. In the opinion of bond counsel rendered on
the date of issuance of the Debt Obligation, this interest is exempt under
existing law from regular Federal income tax and exempt from certain state and
local personal income taxes of the State for which the Trust is named (except in
certain circumstances depending on the Holder), but may be subject to other
state and local taxes. Any gain on the disposition of a Holder's pro rata
portion of a Debt Obligation will be subject to tax. (See Taxes.)
MARKET FOR UNITS--The Sponsors, though not obligated to do so, intend to
maintain a secondary market for Units based on the aggregate bid side evaluation
of the underlying Securities (see Market for Units). If this market is not
maintained a Holder will be able to dispose of his Units through redemption at
prices also based on the aggregate bid side evaluation of the underlying
Securities (see Redemption). There is no fee for selling Units. Market
conditions may cause the prices available in the market maintained by the
Sponsors or available upon exercise of redemption rights to be more or less than
the total of the amount paid for Units plus accrued interest.
REPLACEMENT SECURITIES--The Indenture permits the deposit of Replacement
Securities under certain circumstances described under Administration of the
Fund--Portfolio Supervision. The Securities on the current list from which
Replacement Securities are to be selected are:
California Statewide Communities Dev. Auth., Sutter Hlth. Oblig. Group
(AMBAC Ins.), 6.125%, due 8/15/22.
Monterey Cnty., CA, Cert. of Part. (1994 Natividad Med. Ctr. Imp.
Proj., Ser. B) (MBIA Ins.), 6.10%, due 8/1/27.
County of Broome, NY, Cert. of Part., (Public Safety Fac.), Ser. 1994
(MBIA Ins.), 5.25%, due 4/1/15.
The City of New York, NY, G.O. Bonds, Fiscal 1994 C (AMBAC Ins.),
5.375%, due 10/1/19.
New Jersey Hlth. Care Fac. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Somerset Med. Ctr.
Iss., Ser. A (Financial Guaranty Ins.), 5.20%, due 7/1/24.
New Jersey Educl. Fac. Auth., Rfdg. Rev. Bonds, Trenton State College
Iss., Ser. 1992 E (AMBAC Ins.), 6.00%, due 7/1/19.
Gaylord Comm. Schs., Counties of Otsego, Antrim, and Crawford, State
of Michigan, 1993 Rfdg. Bonds (G.O.-Unltd. Tax) (MBIA Ins.),
5.625%, due 5/1/21.
Board of Trustees of Western Michigan Univ., Gen. Rev. Bonds, Ser.
1993 A (Financial Guaranty Ins.), 5.50%, due 7/15/16.
UNDERWRITING ACCOUNT
The names and addresses of the Underwriters and their several interests in
the Underwriting Account are:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated P.O. Box 9051, Princeton, N.J. 08543-9051 73.96%
Smith Barney Shearson Inc. Two World Trade Center--101st Floor, New York, N.Y.
10048 5.66
PaineWebber Incorporated 1285 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019 7.55
Prudential Securities Incorporated One Seaport Plaza--199 Water Street, New York, N.Y.
10292 7.55
Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. Two World Trade Center--59th Floor, New York, N.Y.
10048 5.28
----------
100.00%
----------
----------
</TABLE>
A-10
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT SUMMARY AS OF MAY 12, 1994 (CONTINUED)
FEE TABLE
THIS FEE TABLE IS INTENDED TO ASSIST INVESTORS IN UNDERSTANDING THE COSTS
AND EXPENSES THAT AN INVESTOR IN A TRUST WILL BEAR DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY. SEE
PUBLIC SALE OF UNITS AND EXPENSES AND CHARGES. ALTHOUGH THE FUND IS A UNIT
INVESTMENT TRUST RATHER THAN A MUTUAL FUND, THIS INFORMATION IS PRESENTED TO
PERMIT A COMPARISON OF FEES.
UNITHOLDER TRANSACTION EXPENSES
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Maximum Sales Charge Imposed on Purchases during the Initial Offering Period (as a percentage
of Public Offering Price)....................................................................................... 4.50%
Maximum Sales Charge Imposed on Purchases during the Secondary Offering Period (as a percentage of Public Offering
Price).......................................................................................................... 5.50%
---------
</TABLE>
ESTIMATED ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES
(AS A PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE NET ASSETS1)
<TABLE><CAPTION>
CALIFORNIA MICHIGAN NEW JERSEY NEW YORK
TRUST TRUST TRUST TRUST
------------ ----------- -------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Trustee's Fee........................................................... .072% .074% .071% .073%
Portfolio Supervision, Bookkeeping and Administrative Fees .036% .037% .036% .037%
Other Operating Expenses................................................ .097% .100% .096% .095%
------------ ----------- -------------- -------------
Total................................................................ .205% .211% .203% .205%
------------ ----------- -------------- -------------
------------ ----------- -------------- -------------
</TABLE>
- ------------------
1Based on the mean of the bid and offer side evaluations; these figures may
differ from those set forth as estimated annual expenses per unit expressed as a
percentage on page A-3.
EXAMPLE
<TABLE><CAPTION>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An investor would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment,
assuming the Trust's estimated operating expense ratio as described in
parentheses below and a 5% annual CUMULATIVE EXPENSES PAID FOR PERIOD OF:
return on the investment throughout the periods:
------------------------------------------------
1 YEAR 3 YEARS 5 YEARS 10 YEARS
--------- ----------- ----------- -----------
<S> <S> <S> <S> <S>
California Trust (.205%)............................................... $ 47.00 $ 51.31 $ 56.03 $ 69.97
Michigan Trust (.211%)................................................. 47.06 51.49 56.35 70.70
New Jersey Trust (.203%)............................................... 46.98 51.25 55.92 69.73
New York Trust (.205%)................................................. 47.00 51.31 56.03 69.97
</TABLE>
The Example assumes reinvestment of all distributions into additional Units of a
Trust (a reinvestment option different from that offered by this Fund--see
Administration of the Fund--Investment Accumulation Program) and utilizes a 5%
annual rate of return as mandated by Securities and Exchange Commission
regulations applicable to mutual funds. In addition to the charges described
above, a Holder selling or redeeming his Units in the secondary market (before a
Trust terminates) will receive a price based on the then-current bid side
evaluation of the underlying securities. The difference between this bid side
evaluation and the offer side evaluation (the basis for the Public Offering
Price), as of the day before the Initial Date of Deposit, is $4.00 per Unit for
each of the Trusts. Of course, this difference may change over time. The Example
should not be considered a representation of past or future expenses or annual
rate of return; the actual expenses and annual rate of return may be more or
less than those assumed for purposes of the Example.
A-11
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
The Sponsors, Trustee and Holders of Municipal Investment Trust Fund,
Multistate Series - 61, Defined Asset Funds (California, Michigan, New Jersey
and New York Trusts):
We have audited the accompanying statements of condition, including the
portfolios, of Municipal Investment Trust Fund, Multistate Series - 61, Defined
Asset Funds (California, Michigan, New Jersey and New York Trusts) as of May 13,
1994. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Trustee. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The deposit on May 13,
1994 of an irrevocable letter or letters of credit for the purchase of
securities, as described in the statements of condition, was confirmed to us by
Bankers Trust Company, the Trustee. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by the Trustee, as
well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that
our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Municipal Investment Trust
Fund, Multistate Series - 61, Defined Asset Funds (California, Michigan, New
Jersey and New York Trusts) at May 13, 1994 in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles.
DELOITTE & TOUCHE
New York, N.Y.
May 13, 1994
A-12
<PAGE>
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT TRUST FUND
MULTISTATE SERIES - 61
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS
STATEMENTS OF CONDITION AS OF INITIAL DATE OF DEPOSIT, MAY 13, 1994
<TABLE><CAPTION>
CALIFORNIA MICHIGAN NEW JERSEY NEW YORK
TRUST TRUST TRUST TRUST
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
FUND PROPERTY
Investment in Debt
Obligations(1)
Contracts to purchase
Debt Obligations.........$ 3,158,415.00 $ 3,083,802.50 $ 3,212,497.50 $ 3,333,620.00
Accrued interest to Initial Date
of Deposit on underlying Debt
Obligations................... 33,163.54 20,569.44 36,730.21 59,066.66
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Total...............$ 3,191,578.54 $ 3,104,371.94 $ 3,249,227.71 $ 3,392,686.66
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
LIABILITY AND INTEREST OF
HOLDERS
Liability--Accrued interest to
Initial Date of Deposit on
underlying Debt
Obligations(2)................$ 33,163.54 $ 20,569.44 $ 36,730.21 $ 59,066.66
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Interest of Holders--
Units of fractional undivided
interest outstanding
(California Trust--3,250;
Michigan Trust--3,250;
New Jersey Trust--3,250
New York Trust--3,500)
Cost to investors(3).......$ 3,307,232.50 $ 3,229,110.00 $ 3,363,882.50 $ 3,490,700.00
Gross underwriting
commissions(4)...........$ (148,817.50) $ (145,307.50) $ (151,385.00) $ (157,080.00)
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Net amount applicable to
investors..................... 3,158,415.00 3,083,802.50 3,212,497.50 3,333,620.00
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Total...............$ 3,191,578.54 $ 3,104,371.94 $ 3,249,227.71 $ 3,392,686.66
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
</TABLE>
- ------------------
(1) Aggregate cost to each Trust of the Debt Obligations is based on the offer
side evaluation determined by the Evaluator at the Evaluation Time on the
business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit as set forth under Public
Sale of Units--Public Offering Price. See also the column headed Cost of
Debt Obligations to Trust under Portfolios. An irrevocable letter or letters
of credit in the aggregate amount of $12,831,768.75 has been deposited with
the Trustee. The amount of such letter or letters of credit includes
$12,668,750.00 (equal to the aggregate purchase price to the Sponsors) for
the purchase of $13,250,000 face amount of Debt Obligations in connection
with contracts to purchase Debt Obligations, plus $163,018.75 covering
accrued interest thereon to the earlier of the date of settlement for the
purchase of Units or the date of delivery of the Debt Obligations. The
letter or letters of credit has been issued by The Sakura Bank, Ltd., New
York Branch.
(2) Representing, as set forth under Description of the Fund--Income; Estimated
Current Return; Estimated Long Term Return, a special distribution by the
Trustee of an amount equal to accrued interest on the Debt Obligations as of
the Initial Date of Deposit.
(3) Aggregate public offering price (exclusive of interest) computed on the
basis of the offer side evaluation of the underlying Debt Obligations as of
the Evaluation Time on the Business Day prior to the Initial Date of
Deposit.
(4) Assumes sales charge of 4.50% on all Units computed on the basis set forth
under Public Sale of Units--Public Offering Price.
A-13
<PAGE>
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT TRUST FUND, MULTISTATE SERIES - 61
ON THE INITIAL DATE OF DEPOSIT,
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS
MAY 13, 1994
PORTFOLIO OF THE CALIFORNIA TRUST (INSURED)
<TABLE><CAPTION>
OPTIONAL
PORTFOLIO NO. AND TITLE OF RATINGS OF FACE REFUNDING
DEBT OBLIGATIONS CONTRACTED FOR ISSUES (1) AMOUNT COUPON MATURITIES REDEMPTIONS (2)
---------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1. The City of Los Angeles, CA, Wastewater Sys. AAA $ 500,000 5.80% 6/1/21 6/1/03 @ 102
Rev. Bonds, Rfdg. Ser. 1993-A (MBIA Ins.)
2. Contra Costa Wtr. Dist. (Contra Costa Cnty., AAA 250,000 6.375 10/1/22 10/1/02 @ 102
CA) Wtr. Rev. Bonds, Ser. D (AMBAC Ins.)
3. Los Angeles Comm. College Dist., CA, Rfdg. AAA 500,000 6.00 8/15/20 8/15/02 @ 102
Certs. of Part., 1992 Ser. A (CGIC Ins.)
4. The Regents of the Univ. of California, Rev. AAA 500,000 6.375 9/1/24 9/1/02 @ 102
Bonds (Multiple Purpose Proj.), Ser. D (MBIA
Ins.)
5. Palm Springs Unified Sch. Dist. (Cnty. of AAA 500,000 6.10 2/1/19 2/1/04 @ 102
Riverside, CA), G.O. Bonds, Election 1992,
Ser. B (CGIC Ins.)
6. Sacramento Muni. Util. Dist., CA, Elec. Rev. AAA 500,000 6.375 8/15/22 8/15/02 @ 102
Bonds, 1992 Ser. B (MBIA Ins.)
7. Pittsburg Unified Sch. Dist. (Contra Costa AAA 500,000 6.30 9/1/24 9/1/03 @ 102
Cnty., CA), 1994 Certs. of Participation
(AMBAC Ins.)
-------------
$ 3,250,000
-------------
-------------
</TABLE>
SINKING COST OF YIELD TO MATURITY
FUND DEBT OBLIGATIONS ON INITIAL DATE OF
REDEMPTIONS (2) TO TRUST (3) DEPOSIT (3)
--------------- ----------------- -------------------
1. 6/1/13 $ 464,650.00 6.350%
2. 10/1/08 250,000.00 6.374
3. 8/15/09 474,665.00 6.400
4. 9/1/20 494,375.00 6.459
5. 2/1/16 481,440.00 6.400
6. 8/15/12 500,000.00 6.374
7. 9/1/16 493,285.00 6.400
-----------------
$ 3,158,415.00
-----------------
-----------------
A-14
<PAGE>
- ------------
NOTES
(1) All ratings are by Standard & Poor's. Any rating followed by '*' is subject
to submission and review of final documentation. Any rating followed by a
'p' is provisional and assumes the successful completion of the project
being financed. (See Description of Ratings.)
(2) Debt Obligations are first subject to optional redemption (which may be
exercised in whole or in part) on the dates and at the prices indicated
under the Optional Refunding Redemptions column in the table. In subsequent
years Debt Obligations are redeemable at declining prices, but typically
not below par value. Some issues may be subject to sinking fund redemption
or extraordinary redemption without premium prior to the dates shown.
Certain Debt Obligations may provide for redemption at par prior or in
addition to any optional or mandatory redemption dates or maturity, for
example, if proceeds are not able to be used as contemplated, if the project
is sold by the owner, if the project is condemned or sold, if the project
is destroyed and insurance proceeds are used to redeem the Debt
Obligations, if interest on the Debt Obligations becomes subject to
taxation, if any related credit support expires prior to maturity and is
not renewed or substitute credit support not obtained, if, in the case of
housing obligations, mortgages are prepaid, or in other special
circumstances.
Sinking fund redemptions are all at par and generally redeem only part of an
issue. Some of the Debt Obligations have mandatory sinking funds which
contain optional provisions permitting the issuer to increase the principal
amount of Debt Obligations called on a mandatory redemption date. The
sinking fund redemptions with optional provisions may, and optional
refunding redemptions generally will, occur at times when the redeemed Debt
Obligations have an offer side evaluation which represents a premium over
par. To the extent that the Debt Obligations were deposited in the Trust at
a price higher than the redemption price, this will represent a loss of
capital when compared with the original Public Offering Price of the Units.
Monthly distributions will generally be reduced by the amount of the income
which would otherwise have been paid with respect to redeemed Debt
Obligations and there will be distributed to Holders any principal amount
and premium received on such redemption after satisfying any redemption
requests received by the Trust. The current return and long term return in
this event may be affected by redemptions. The tax effect on Holders of
redemptions and related distributions is described under Taxes.
(3) Evaluation of Debt Obligations by the Evaluator is made on the basis of
current offer side evaluation. The offering side evaluation is greater than
the current bid side evaluation of the Debt Obligations, which is the basis
on which Redemption Price per Unit is determined (see Redemption). The
aggregate value based on the bid side evaluation at the Evaluation Time on
the business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit was $3,145,415.00,
which is $13,000.00 (.40% of the aggregate face amount) lower than the
aggregate Cost of Debt Obligations to Trust based on the offer side
evaluation.
Yield to Maturity on the Initial Date of Deposit of Debt Obligations was
computed on the basis of the offer side evaluation at the Evaluation Time on
the business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit. Percentages in this
column represent Yield to Maturity on Initial Date of Deposit unless
followed by '+' which indicates yield to an earlier redemption date. (See
Description of the Fund--Income; Estimated Current Return; Estimated Long
Term Return for a description of the computation of yield price.)
------------------------------------
All Debt Obligations are represented entirely by contracts to purchase such
Debt Obligations, which were entered into by the Sponsors on May 12, 1994.
All contracts are expected to be settled by the initial settlement date for
purchase of Units, except for the Debt Obligations in Portfolio Numbers 4
and 7 (approximately 31% of the aggregate face amount of the Portfolio) which
have been purchased on a when, as and if issued basis, or have a delayed
delivery, and are expected to be settled 6 days after the settlement date
for purchase of Units.
All the Debt Obligations have been insured or guaranteed to maturity by the
indicated insurance company (see Risk Factors--Obligations Backed by
Insurance).
+ See Footnote (3).
A-15
<PAGE>
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT TRUST FUND, MULTISTATE SERIES - 61
ON THE INITIAL DATE OF DEPOSIT,
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS
MAY 13, 1994
PORTFOLIO OF THE MICHIGAN TRUST (INSURED)
<TABLE><CAPTION>
OPTIONAL
PORTFOLIO NO. AND TITLE OF RATINGS OF FACE REFUNDING
DEBT OBLIGATIONS CONTRACTED FOR ISSUES (1) AMOUNT COUPON MATURITIES REDEMPTIONS (2)
---------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1. Michigan State Hosp. Fin. Auth., Hosp. Rev. AAA $ 500,000 5.50 % 11/1/13 11/1/03 @ 102
Rfdg. Bonds (Oakwood Hosp. Oblig. Group),
Ser. 1993 A (Financial Guaranty Ins.)
2. City of Detroit, MI, Sewage Disp. Sys., Rev. AAA 250,000 5.70 7/1/13 7/1/03 @ 102
and Rfdg. Bonds, Ser. 1993-A (Financial
Guaranty Ins.)
3. City of Farmington Hills, MI, Hosp. Fin. AAA 500,000 6.50 2/15/11 2/15/02 @ 102
Auth., Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Botsford Gen.
Hosp.), Ser. 1992 A (MBIA Ins.)
4. Coldwater Comm. Sch., Cnty. of Branch, MI, AAA 500,000 6.30 5/1/23 5/1/04 @ 102
1994 Sch. Bldg. and Site Bonds
(G.O.-Unlimited Tax) (MBIA Ins.)
5. Lincoln Consol. Sch. Dist., Counties of AAA 500,000 5.80 5/1/14 5/1/04 @ 102
Washtenaw and Wayne, MI, 1994 Sch. Bldg. and
Site Rfdg. Bonds (G.O. Unlimited-Unlimited
Tax) (Financial Guaranty Ins.)
6. Livonia Pub. Sch. Dist., Cnty. of Wayne, MI, AAA 500,000 5.50 5/1/21 5/1/03 @ 102
1993 Rfdg. Bonds (G.O.-Unlimited Tax)
(Financial Guaranty Ins.)
7. Romulus Comm. Sch., Cnty. of Wayne, MI, 1993 AAA 500,000 5.75 5/1/22 5/1/03 @ 102
Rfdg. Bonds (G.O.-Unlimited Tax) (Financial
Guaranty Ins.)
-------------
$ 3,250,000
-------------
-------------
</TABLE>
SINKING COST OF YIELD TO MATURITY
FUND DEBT OBLIGATIONS ON INITIAL DATE OF
REDEMPTIONS (2) TO TRUST (3) DEPOSIT (3)
--------------- ----------------- -------------------
1. 11/1/09 $ 452,875.00 6.350%
2. 7/1/09 234,752.50 6.250
3. 2/15/07 507,140.00 6.300+
4. 5/1/16 502,070.00 6.250+
5. 5/1/10 474,520.00 6.250
6. 5/1/17 448,410.00 6.300
7. -- 464,035.00 6.300
-----------------
$ 3,083,802.50
-----------------
-----------------
A-16
<PAGE>
- ------------
NOTES
(1) All ratings are by Standard & Poor's. Any rating followed by '*' is subject
to submission and review of final documentation. Any rating followed by a
'p' is provisional and assumes the successful completion of the project
being financed. (See Description of Ratings.)
(2) Debt Obligations are first subject to optional redemption (which may be
exercised in whole or in part) on the dates and at the prices indicated
under the Optional Refunding Redemptions column in the table. In subsequent
years Debt Obligations are redeemable at declining prices, but typically
not below par value. Some issues may be subject to sinking fund redemption
or extraordinary redemption without premium prior to the dates shown.
Certain Debt Obligations may provide for redemption at par prior or in
addition to any optional or mandatory redemption dates or maturity, for
example, if proceeds are not able to be used as contemplated, if the project
is sold by the owner, if the project is condemned or sold, if the project
is destroyed and insurance proceeds are used to redeem the Debt
Obligations, if interest on the Debt Obligations becomes subject to
taxation, if any related credit support expires prior to maturity and is
not renewed or substitute credit support not obtained, if, in the case of
housing obligations, mortgages are prepaid, or in other special
circumstances.
Sinking fund redemptions are all at par and generally redeem only part of an
issue. Some of the Debt Obligations have mandatory sinking funds which
contain optional provisions permitting the issuer to increase the principal
amount of Debt Obligations called on a mandatory redemption date. The
sinking fund redemptions with optional provisions may, and optional
refunding redemptions generally will, occur at times when the redeemed Debt
Obligations have an offer side evaluation which represents a premium over
par. To the extent that the Debt Obligations were deposited in the Trust at
a price higher than the redemption price, this will represent a loss of
capital when compared with the original Public Offering Price of the Units.
Monthly distributions will generally be reduced by the amount of the income
which would otherwise have been paid with respect to redeemed Debt
Obligations and there will be distributed to Holders any principal amount
and premium received on such redemption after satisfying any redemption
requests received by the Trust. The current return and long term return in
this event may be affected by redemptions. The tax effect on Holders of
redemptions and related distributions is described under Taxes.
(3) Evaluation of Debt Obligations by the Evaluator is made on the basis of
current offer side evaluation. The offer side evaluation is greater than the
current bid side evaluation of the Debt Obligations, which is the basis on
which Redemption Price per Unit is determined (see Redemption). The
aggregate value based on the bid side evaluation at the Evaluation Time on
the business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit was $3,070,802.50,
which is $13,000.00 (.40% of the aggregate face amount) lower than the
aggregate Cost of Debt Obligations to Trust based on the offer side
evaluation.
Yield to Maturity on the Initial Date of Deposit of Debt Obligations was
computed on the basis of the offer side evaluation at the Evaluation Time on
the business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit. Percentages in this
column represent Yield to Maturity on Initial Date of Deposit unless
followed by '+' which indicates yield to an earlier redemption date. (See
Description of the Fund--Income; Estimated Current Return; Estimated Long
Term Return for a description of the computation of yield price.)
------------------------------------
All Debt Obligations are represented entirely by contracts to purchase such
Debt Obligations, which were entered into by the Sponsors during the period
May 11, 1994 to May 12, 1994. All contracts are expected to be settled by
the initial settlement date for purchase of Units, except for the Debt
Obligations in Portfolio Number 5 (approximately 15% of the aggregate face
amount of the Portfolio) which have been purchased on a when, as and if
issued basis, or have a delayed delivery, and are expected to be settled 6
days after the settlement date for purchase of Units.
All Debt Obligations have been insured or guaranteed to maturity by the
indicated insurance company (see Risk Factors--Obligations Backed by
Insurance).
+ See Footnote (3).
A-17
<PAGE>
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT TRUST FUND, MULTISTATE SERIES - 61
ON THE INITIAL DATE OF DEPOSIT,
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS
MAY 13, 1994
PORTFOLIO OF THE NEW JERSEY TRUST (INSURED)
<TABLE><CAPTION>
PORTFOLIO NO. AND TITLE OF RATINGS OF FACE
DEBT OBLIGATIONS CONTRACTED FOR ISSUES (1) AMOUNT COUPON MATURITIES
----------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1. New Jersey Hlth. Care Fac. Fin. Auth. Rev. AAA $ 500,000 5.875% 7/1/12
Bonds, Dover Gen. Hosp. and Med. Ctr. Iss.,
Ser. 1994 (MBIA Ins.)
2. New Jersey Hlth. Care Fac. Fin. Auth., Rev. AAA 500,000 6.25 7/1/24
Bonds, Monmouth Med. Ctr. Iss., Ser. C (CGIC
Ins.)
3. New Jersey Hlth. Care Fac. Fin. Auth., Rev. AAA 500,000 6.125 7/1/12
Bonds, West Jersey Hlth. Sys., Ser. 1992
(MBIA Ins.)
4. New Jersey Econ. Dev. Auth., Rev. Bonds AAA 500,000 6.125 7/1/24
(Rutgers, the State Univ.-Civic Sq. Proj.)
1994 Series (AMBAC Ins.)
5. New Jersey Educl. Fac. Auth., Rev. Bonds, New AAA 500,000 6.00 7/1/24
Jersey Institute of Technology Iss., Ser.
1994 A (MBIA Ins.)
6. County of Hudson, NJ, Corr. Fac. Rfdg. Certs. AAA 500,000 6.60 12/1/21
of Part., Ser. 1992 (MBIA Ins.)
7. Passaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners, NJ, Swr. AAA 250,000 5.875 12/1/22
Sys. Bonds, Ser. D (AMBAC Ins.)
-------------
$ 3,250,000
-------------
-------------
</TABLE>
<TABLE><CAPTION>
OPTIONAL SINKING COST OF YIELD TO MATURITY
REFUNDING FUND DEBT OBLIGATIONS ON INITIAL DATE
REDEMPTIONS (2) REDEMPTIONS (2) TO TRUST (3) OF DEPOSIT (3)
------------------- --------------- ----------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1. 7/1/04 @ 102 7/1/09 $ 478,750.00 6.270%
2. 7/1/04 @ 102 7/1/17 500,000.00 6.249
3. 7/1/02 @ 102 7/1/10 495,900.00 6.200
4. 7/1/04 @ 102 7/1/20 494,865.00 6.200
5. 7/1/04 @ 102 7/1/16 486,385.00 6.200
6. 6/1/02 @ 101.5 6/1/12 515,805.00 6.200+
7. 12/1/02 @ 102 12/1/19 240,792.50 6.150
-----------------
$ 3,212,497.50
-----------------
-----------------
</TABLE>
A-18
<PAGE>
- ------------
NOTES
(1) All ratings are by Standard & Poor's. Any rating followed by '*' is subject
to submission and review of final documentation. Any rating followed by a
'p' is provisional and assumes the successful completion of the project
being financed. (See Description of Ratings.)
(2) Debt Obligations are first subject to optional redemption (which may be
exercised in whole or in part) on the dates and at the prices indicated
under the Optional Refunding Redemptions column in the table. In subsequent
years Debt Obligations are redeemable at declining prices, but typically
not below par value. Some issues may be subject to sinking fund redemption
or extraordinary redemption without premium prior to the dates shown.
Certain Debt Obligations may provide for redemption at par prior or in
addition to any optional or mandatory redemption dates or maturity, for
example, if proceeds are not able to be used as contemplated, if the project
is sold by the owner, if the project is condemned or sold, if the project
is destroyed and insurance proceeds are used to redeem the Debt
Obligations, if interest on the Debt Obligations becomes subject to
taxation, if any related credit support expires prior to maturity and is
not renewed or substitute credit support not obtained, if, in the case of
housing obligations, mortgages are prepaid, or in other special
circumstances.
Sinking fund redemptions are all at par and generally redeem only part of an
issue. Some of the Debt Obligations have mandatory sinking funds which
contain optional provisions permitting the issuer to increase the principal
amount of Debt Obligations called on a mandatory redemption date. The
sinking fund redemptions with optional provisions may, and optional
refunding redemptions generally will, occur at times when the redeemed Debt
Obligations have an offering side evaluation which represents a premium over
par. To the extent that the Debt Obligations were deposited in the Trust at
a price higher than the redemption price, this will represent a loss of
capital when compared with the original Public Offering Price of the Units.
Monthly distributions will generally be reduced by the amount of the income
which would otherwise have been paid with respect to redeemed Debt
Obligations and there will be distributed to Holders any principal amount
and premium received on such redemption after satisfying any redemption
requests received by the Trust. The current return and long term return in
this event may be affected by redemptions. The tax effect on Holders of
redemptions and related distributions is described under Taxes.
(3) Evaluation of Debt Obligations by the Evaluator is made on the basis of
current offer side evaluation. The offer side evaluation is greater than the
current bid side evaluation of the Debt Obligations, which is the basis on
which Redemption Price per Unit is determined (see Redemption). The
aggregate value based on the bid side evaluation at the Evaluation Time on
the business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit was $3,199,497.50,
which is $13,000.00 (.40% of the aggregate face amount) lower than the
aggregate Cost of Debt Obligations to Trust based on the offer side
evaluation.
Yield to Maturity on the Initial Date of Deposit of Debt Obligations was
computed on the basis of the offering side evaluation at the Evaluation Time
on the business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit. Percentages in
this column represent Yield to Maturity on Initial Date of Deposit unless
followed by '+' which indicates yield to an earlier redemption date. (See
Description of the Fund--Income; Estimated Current Return; Estimated Long
Term Return for a description of the computation of yield price.)
------------------------------------
All Debt Obligations are represented entirely by contracts to purchase such
Debt Obligations, which were entered into by the Sponsors during the period
May 11, 1994 to May 12, 1994. All contracts are expected to be settled by
the initial settlement date for purchase of Units, except for the Debt
Obligations in Portfolio Numbers 1, 2 and 5 (approximately 46% of the
aggregate face amount of the Portfolio) which have been purchased on a when,
as and if issued basis, or have a delayed delivery, and are expected to be
settled 5 to 6 days after the settlement date for purchase of Units.
All Debt Obligations have been insured or guaranteed to maturity by the
indicated insurance company (see Risk Factors--Obligations Backed by
Insurance).
+ See Footnote (3).
A-19
<PAGE>
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT TRUST FUND, MULTISTATE SERIES - 61
ON THE INITIAL DATE OF DEPOSIT,
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS
MAY 13, 1994
PORTFOLIO OF THE NEW YORK TRUST (INSURED)
<TABLE><CAPTION>
OPTIONAL
PORTFOLIO NO. AND TITLE OF RATINGS OF FACE REFUNDING
DEBT OBLIGATIONS CONTRACTED FOR ISSUES (1) AMOUNT COUPON MATURITIES REDEMPTIONS (2)
---------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1. New York State Med. Care Fac. Fin. Agy., AAA $ 500,000 5.90% 8/15/22 8/15/02 @ 102
Mental Hlth. Serv. Fac. Imp. Rev. Bonds,
1992 Ser. D (AMBAC Ins.)
2. Dormitory Auth. of the State of New York, Ins. AAA 500,000 5.75 7/1/22 7/1/02 @ 102
Rev. Bonds, Upstate Comm. Colleges, 1992 A
Issue (Connie Lee Ins.)
3. New York City, NY, Hlth. and Hosp. Corp., AAA 500,000 5.75 2/15/22 2/15/03 @ 102
Hlth. Sys. Bonds, 1993 Ser. A (AMBAC Ins.)
4. New York City, NY, Muni. Wtr. Fin. Auth., Wtr. AAA 500,000 6.20 6/15/21 6/15/02 @ 101.5
and Swr. Sys. Rev. Bonds, Fiscal 1992 Ser. C
(AMBAC Ins.)
5. Metropolitan Trans. Auth., NY, Commuter Fac. AAA 500,000 6.25 7/1/22 7/1/02 @ 102
Rev. Bonds, Ser. 1992 B (MBIA Ins.)
6. Niagara Frontier Trans. Auth., NY (Greater AAA 500,000 6.00 4/1/24 4/1/04 @ 102
Buffalo Intl. Arpt.), Arpt. Rev. Bonds, Ser.
1994 C (AMBAC Ins.)
7. Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Auth., NY, Spec. AAA 500,000 5.50 1/1/17 1/1/02 @ 100
Oblig. Bonds, Ser. 1992 (AMBAC Ins.)
-------------
$ 3,500,000
-------------
-------------
</TABLE>
SINKING COST OF YIELD TO MATURITY
FUND DEBT OBLIGATIONS ON INITIAL DATE OF
REDEMPTIONS (2) TO TRUST (3) DEPOSIT (3)
--------------- ----------------- -------------------
1. 2/15/14 $ 473,695.00 6.300%
2. 7/1/13 463,925.00 6.300
3. 2/15/21 464,095.00 6.300
4. 6/15/19 496,715.00 6.250
5. 7/1/18 500,000.00 6.249
6. 4/1/15 483,135.00 6.250
7. 1/1/16 452,055.00 6.300
-----------------
$ 3,333,620.00
-----------------
-----------------
A-20
<PAGE>
- ------------
NOTES
(1) All ratings are by Standard & Poor's. Any rating followed by '*' is subject
to submission and review of final documentation. Any rating followed by a
'p' is provisional and assumes the successful completion of the project
being financed. (See Description of Ratings.)
(2) Debt Obligations are first subject to optional redemption (which may be
exercised in whole or in part) on the dates and at the prices indicated
under the Optional Refunding Redemptions column in the table. In subsequent
years Debt Obligations are redeemable at declining prices, but typically
not below par value. Some issues may be subject to sinking fund redemption
or extraordinary redemption without premium prior to the dates shown.
Certain Debt Obligations may provide for redemption at par prior or in
addition to any optional or mandatory redemption dates or maturity, for
example, if proceeds are not able to be used as contemplated, if the project
is sold by the owner, if the project is condemned or sold, if the project
is destroyed and insurance proceeds are used to redeem the Debt
Obligations, if interest on the Debt Obligations becomes subject to
taxation, if any related credit support expires prior to maturity and is
not renewed or substitute credit support not obtained, if, in the case of
housing obligations, mortgages are prepaid, or in other special
circumstances.
Sinking fund redemptions are all at par and generally redeem only part of an
issue. Some of the Debt Obligations have mandatory sinking funds which
contain optional provisions permitting the issuer to increase the principal
amount of Debt Obligations called on a mandatory redemption date. The
sinking fund redemptions with optional provisions may, and optional
refunding redemptions generally will, occur at times when the redeemed Debt
Obligations have an offer side evaluation which represents a premium over
par. To the extent that the Debt Obligations were deposited in the Trust at
a price higher than the redemption price, this will represent a loss of
capital when compared with the original Public Offering Price of the Units.
Monthly distributions will generally be reduced by the amount of the income
which would otherwise have been paid with respect to redeemed Debt
Obligations and there will be distributed to Holders any principal amount
and premium received on such redemption after satisfying any redemption
requests received by the Trust. The current return and long term return in
this event may be affected by redemptions. The tax effect on Holders of
redemptions and related distributions is described under Taxes.
(3) Evaluation of Debt Obligations by the Evaluator is made on the basis of
current offer side evaluation. The offer side evaluation is greater than the
current bid side evaluation of the Debt Obligations, which is the basis on
which Redemption Price per Unit is determined (see Redemption). The
aggregate value based on the bid side evaluation at the Evaluation Time on
the business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit was $3,319,620.00,
which is $14,000.00 (.40% of the aggregate face amount) lower than the
aggregate Cost of Debt Obligations to Trust based on the offer side
evaluation.
Yield to Maturity on the Initial Date of Deposit of Debt Obligations was
computed on the basis of the offer side evaluation at the Evaluation Time on
the business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit. Percentages in this
column represent Yield to Maturity on Initial Date of Deposit unless
followed by '+' which indicates yield to an earlier redemption date. (See
Description of the Fund--Income; Estimated Current Return; Estimated Long
Term Return for a description of the computation of yield price.)
------------------------------------
All Debt Obligations are represented entirely by contracts to purchase such
Debt Obligations, which were entered into by the Sponsors during the period
May 10, 1994 to May 12, 1994. All contracts are expected to be settled by
the initial settlement date for purchase of Units, except for the Debt
Obligations in Portfolio Number 6 (approximately 14% of the aggregate face
amount of the Portfolio) which have been purchased on a when, as and if
issued basis, or have a delayed delivery, and are expected to be settled 5
days after the settlement date for purchase of Units.
All Debt Obligations have been insured or guaranteed to maturity by the
indicated insurance company (see Risk Factors--Obligations Backed by
Insurance).
+ See Footnote (3).
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MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT TRUST FUND
MULTISTATE SERIES
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS
FUND STRUCTURE
This Series (the 'Fund') consists of separate 'unit investment trusts'
created under New York law by Trust Indentures (the 'Indentures') among the
Sponsors, the Trustee and the Evaluator. Unless otherwise indicated, when
Investors Bank & Trust Company and The First National Bank of Chicago act as
Co-Trustees to the Fund, reference to the Trustee in the Prospectus shall be
deemed to refer to Investors Bank & Trust Company and The First National Bank of
Chicago, as Co-Trustees. To the extent that references in this Prospectus are to
articles and sections of the Indenture, which are hereby incorporated by
reference, the statements made herein are qualified in their entirety by this
reference. On the date of this Prospectus (the 'Initial Date of Deposit') the
Sponsors, acting as managers for the underwriters named under Underwriting
Account, deposited the underlying Securities with the Trustee at a price equal
to the evaluation of the Securities on the offer side of the market on that date
as determined by the Evaluator, and the Trustee delivered to the Sponsors units
of interest ('Units') representing the entire ownership of the Trusts. Except as
otherwise indicated under Portfolios (the 'Portfolios'), the Securities so
deposited were represented by purchase contracts assigned to the Trustee
together with an irrevocable letter or letters of credit issued by a commercial
bank or banks in the amount necessary to complete the purchase thereof.
The Portfolio of each Trust contains different issues of debt obligations
with fixed final maturity dates. As used herein, the term 'Debt Obligations' or
'Securities' means the long-term debt obligations initially deposited in the
Trusts, and described under Portfolio for each Trust, and any replacement and
additional obligations acquired and held by the Trusts pursuant to the terms of
the Indentures. (See Description of the Fund--The Portfolios; Administration of
the Fund--Portfolio Supervision).
With the deposit of the Securities in each Trust on the Initial Date of
Deposit, the Sponsors established a proportionate relationship among the face
amounts of each Security in the Portfolio. During the 90-day period following
the Initial Date of Deposit, the Sponsors may deposit additional Securities
('Additional Securities'), contracts to purchase Additional Securities or cash
(or a bank letter of credit in lieu of cash) with instructions to purchase
Additional Securities, in order to create new Units, maintaining to the extent
practicable the original proportionate relationship among the face amounts of
each Security in the Portfolio. It may not be possible to maintain the exact
original proportionate relationship among the Securities deposited on the
Initial Date of Deposit because of, among other reasons, purchase requirements,
changes in prices, or unavailability of Securities. Replacement obligations may
be acquired under specified conditions (see Description of the Fund-- The
Portfolios; Administration of the Fund--Portfolio Supervision). Units may be
continuously offered to the public by means of this Prospectus (see Public Sale
of Units--Public Distribution) resulting in a potential increase in the number
of Units outstanding. Deposits of Additional Securities subsequent to the 90-day
period following the Initial Date of Deposit must replicate exactly the
proportionate relationship among the face amounts of
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Securities comprising the Portfolio at the end of the initial 90-day period,
subject to certain events as discussed under Administration of the
Fund--Portfolio Supervision.
Certain of the Securities in the Portfolio of any Trust may have been
valued at a market discount. Securities trade at less than par value because the
interest rates on the Securities are lower than interest on comparable debt
securities being issued at currently prevailing interest rates. The current
returns of securities trading at a market discount are lower than the current
returns of comparably rated debt securities of a similar type issued at
currently prevailing interest rates because discount securities tend to increase
in market value as they approach maturity and the full principal amount becomes
payable. If currently prevailing interest rates for newly issued and otherwise
comparable securities increase, the market discount of previously issued
securities will become deeper and if currently prevailing interest rates for
newly issued comparable securities decline, the market discount of previously
issued securities will be reduced, other things being equal. Market discount
attributable to interest rate changes does not indicate a lack of market
confidence in the issue.
Certain of the Securities in a Trust may have been valued at a market
premium. Securities trade at a premium because the interest rates on the
Securities are higher than interest on comparable debt securities being issued
at currently prevailing interest rates. The current returns of securities
trading at a market premium are higher than the current returns of comparably
rated debt securities of a similar type issued at currently prevailing interest
rates because premium securities tend to decrease in market value as they
approach maturity when the face amount becomes payable. Because part of the
purchase price is thus returned not at maturity but through current income
payments, an early redemption of a premium security at par will result in a
reduction in yield. If currently prevailing interest rates for newly issued and
otherwise comparable securities increase, the market premium of previously
issued securities will decline and if currently prevailing interest rates for
newly issued comparable securities decline, the market premium of previously
issued securities will increase, other things being equal. Market premium
attributable to interest rate changes does not indicate market confidence in the
issue.
The holders ('Holders') of Units of a Trust will have the right to have
their Units redeemed (see Redemption) at a price based on the aggregate bid side
evaluation of the Securities ('Redemption Price per Unit') if the Units cannot
be sold in the over-the-counter market which the Sponsors propose to maintain at
prices determined in the same manner (see Market for Units). On the Initial Date
of Deposit each Unit of a Trust represented the fractional undivided interest in
the Securities and net income of the Trust set forth under Investment Summary in
the ratio of one Unit for each approximately $1,000 face amount of Securities
initially deposited. Thereafter, if any Units are redeemed, the face amount of
Securities in the Trust will be reduced, and the fractional undivided interest
represented by each remaining Unit in the balance will be increased. However, if
additional Units are issued by the Fund (through deposit of Additional
Securities) the aggregate face amount of Securities will be increased and the
fractional undivided interest represented by each Unit will be decreased. Units
will remain outstanding until redeemed upon tender to the Trustee by any Holder
(which may include the Sponsors) or until the termination of the Indenture (see
Redemption; Administration of the Fund--Amendment and Termination).
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in Units of a Trust should be made with an understanding of
the risks which an investment in fixed rate long-term debt obligations may
entail, including the risk that the value of the Portfolio of the Trust and
hence of the Units will decline with increases in interest rates. In recent
years there have been wide fluctuations in interest rates and thus in the value
of fixed-rate debt obligations generally. The Sponsors cannot predict future
economic policies or their consequences or, therefore, the course or extent of
any similar fluctuations in the future. To the extent that payment of amounts
due on Debt Obligations depends on revenue from publicly held corporations, an
investor should understand that these Debt Obligations, in many cases, do not
have the benefit of covenants which would prevent the corporations from engaging
in capital restructurings or borrowing transactions in connection with corporate
acquisitions, leveraged buyouts or restructurings which could have the effect of
reducing the ability of the corporation to meet its obligations and may in the
future result in the ratings of the Debt Obligations and the value of the
underlying Portfolio being reduced.
The Securities are generally not listed on a national securities exchange.
Whether or not the Securities are listed, the principal trading market for the
Securities will generally be in the over-the-counter market. As a result, the
existence of a liquid trading market for the Securities may depend on whether
dealers will make a market in the Securities. There can be no assurance that a
market will be made for any of the Securities, that any market for the
Securities will be maintained or of the liquidity of the Securities in any
markets made. In addition, the Fund may be restricted under the Investment
Company Act of 1940 from selling Securities to any Sponsor. The price at which
the Securities may be sold to meet redemptions and the value of the Fund will be
adversely affected if trading markets for the Securities are limited or absent.
As set forth under Investment Summary and Portfolios, any Trust may contain
or be concentrated in one or more of the classifications of Debt Obligations
referred to below. Percentages of any concentrations for each Trust are set
forth under Investment Summary. An investment in Units of a Trust should be made
with an understanding of the risks that these investments may entail, certain of
which are described below. In addition, investment in a single state Trust, as
opposed to a Trust which invests in the obligations of several states, may
involve some additional risk due to the decreased diversification of economic,
political, financial and market risks. Political restrictions on the ability to
tax and budgetary constraints affecting the state government, particularly in
the current recessionary climate, may result in reductions of, or delays in the
payment of, state aid to cities, counties, school districts and other local
units of government which, in turn, may strain the financial operations and have
an adverse impact on the creditworthiness of these entities. State agencies,
colleges and universities and health care organizations, with municipal debt
outstanding, may also be negatively impacted by reductions in state
appropriations.
GENERAL OBLIGATION BONDS
Certain of the Debt Obligations in the Portfolio of any Trust may be
general obligations of a governmental entity that are secured by the taxing
power of the entity. General obligation bonds are backed by the issuer's pledge
of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and
interest. However, the taxing
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power of any governmental entity may be limited by provisions of state
constitutions or laws and an entity's credit will depend on many factors,
including an erosion of the tax base due to population declines, natural
disasters, declines in the state's industrial base or inability to attract new
industries, economic limits on the ability to tax without eroding the tax base
and the extent to which the entity relies on Federal or state aid, access to
capital markets or other factors beyond the entity's control.
As a result of the recent recession's adverse impact upon both their
revenues and expenditures, as well as other factors, many state and local
governments are confronting deficits and potential deficits which are the most
severe in recent years. Many issuers are facing highly difficult choices about
significant tax increases and/or spending reductions in order to restore
budgetary balance. Failure to implement these actions on a timely basis could
force the issuers to depend upon market access to finance deficits or cash flow
needs.
In addition, certain of the Debt Obligations in any Trust may be
obligations of issuers who rely in whole or in part on ad valorem real property
taxes as a source of revenue. Certain proposals, in the form of state
legislative proposals or voter initiatives, to limit ad valorem real property
taxes have been introduced in various states and an amendment to the
constitution of the State of California, providing for strict limitations on ad
valorem real property taxes has had a significant impact on the taxing powers of
local governments and on the financial conditions of school districts and local
governments in California. It is not possible at this time to predict the final
impact of such measures, or of similar future legislative or constitutional
measures, on school districts and local governments or on their abilities to
make future payments on their outstanding debt obligations.
MORAL OBLIGATION BONDS
A Trust may also include 'moral obligation' bonds. If an issuer of moral
obligation bonds is unable to meet its obligations, the repayment of the bonds
becomes a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or
municipality in question. Even though the state may be called on to restore any
deficits in capital reserve funds of the agencies or authorities which issued
the bonds, any restoration generally requires appropriation by the state
legislature and accordingly does not constitute a legally enforceable obligation
or debt of the state. The agencies or authorities generally have no taxing
power.
REFUNDED DEBT OBLIGATIONS
Refunded Debt Obligations are typically secured by direct obligations of
the U.S. Government, or in some cases obligations guaranteed by the U.S.
Government, placed in an escrow account maintained by an independent trustee
until maturity or a predetermined redemption date. These obligations are
generally noncallable prior to maturity or the predetermined redemption date. In
a few isolated instances to date, however, bonds which were thought to be
escrowed to maturity have been called for redemption prior to maturity.
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT REVENUE BONDS ('IDRS')
IDRs, including pollution control revenue bonds, are tax exempt securities
issued by states, municipalities, public authorities or similar entities
('issuers') to finance the cost of acquiring, constructing or improving various
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projects, including pollution control facilities and certain industrial
development facilities. These projects are usually operated by corporate
entities. IDRs are not general obligations of governmental entities backed by
their taxing power. Issuers are only obligated to pay amounts due on the IDRs to
the extent that funds are available from the unexpended proceeds of the IDRs or
receipts or revenues of the issuer under arrangements between the issuer and the
corporate operator of a project. These arrangements may be in the form of a
lease, installment sale agreement, conditional sale agreement or loan agreement,
but in each case the payments to the issuer are designed to be sufficient to
meet the payments of amounts due on the IDRs.
IDRs are generally issued under bond resolutions, agreements or trust
indentures pursuant to which the revenues and receipts payable under the
issuer's arrangements with the corporate operator of a particular project have
been assigned and pledged to the holders of the IDRs or a trustee for the
benefit of the holders of the IDRs. In certain cases, a mortgage on the
underlying project has been assigned to the holders of the IDRs or a trustee as
additional security for the IDRs. In addition, IDRs are frequently directly
guaranteed by the corporate operator of the project or by another affiliated
company. Regardless of the structure, payment of IDRs is solely dependent upon
the creditworthiness of the corporate operator of the project or corporate
guarantor. Corporate operators or guarantors that are industrial companies may
be affected by many factors which may have an adverse impact on the credit
quality of the particular company or industry. These include cyclicality of
revenues and earnings, regulatory and environmental restrictions, litigation
resulting from accidents or environmentally-caused illnesses, extensive
competition (including that of low-cost foreign companies), unfunded pension
fund liabilities or off-balance sheet items, and financial deterioration
resulting from leveraged buy-outs or takeovers. However, as discussed below,
certain of the IDRs in the Portfolios may be additionally insured or secured by
letters of credit issued by banks or otherwise guaranteed or secured to cover
amounts due on the IDRs in the event of default in payment by an issuer.
SPECIAL TAX BONDS
Special tax bonds are payable from and secured by the revenues derived by a
municipality from a particular tax such as a tax on the rental of a hotel room,
on the purchase of food and beverages, on the rental of automobiles or on the
consumption of liquor. Special tax bonds are not secured by the general tax
revenues of the municipality, and they do not represent general obligations of
the municipality. Therefore, payment on special tax bonds may be adversely
affected by a reduction in revenues realized from the underlying special tax due
to a general decline in the local economy or population or due to a decline in
the consumption, use or cost of the goods and services that are subject to
taxation. Also, should spending on the particular goods or services that are
subject to the special tax decline, the municipality may be under no obligation
to increase the rate of the special tax to ensure that sufficient revenues are
raised from the shrinking taxable base.
STATE AND LOCAL MUNICIPAL UTILITY OBLIGATIONS
The ability of utilities to meet their obligations with respect to revenue
bonds issued on their behalf is dependent on various factors, including the
rates they may charge their customers, the demand for a utility's services and
the cost of providing those services. Utilities, in particular investor-owned
utilities, are subject to
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extensive regulation relating to the rates which they may charge customers.
Utilities can experience regulatory, political and consumer resistance to rate
increases. Utilities engaged in long-term capital projects are especially
sensitive to regulatory lags in granting rate increases. Any difficulty in
obtaining timely and adequate rate increases could adversely affect a utility's
results of operations.
The demand for a utility's services is influenced by, among other factors,
competition, weather conditions and economic conditions. Electric utilities, for
example, have experienced increased competition as a result of the availability
of other energy sources, the effects of conservation on the use of electricity,
self-generation by industrial customers and the generation of electricity by
co-generators and other independent power producers. Also, increased competition
will result if federal regulators determine that utilities must open their
transmission lines to competitors. Utilities which distribute natural gas also
are subject to competition from alternative fuels, including fuel oil, propane
and coal.
The utility industry is an increasing cost business making the cost of
generating electricity more expensive and heightening its sensitivity to
regulation. A utility's costs are influenced by the utility's cost of capital,
the availability and cost of fuel and other factors. In addition, natural gas
pipeline and distribution companies have incurred increased costs as a result of
long-term natural gas purchase contracts containing 'take or pay' provisions
which require that they pay for natural gas even if natural gas is not taken by
them. There can be no assurance that a utility will be able to pass on these
increased costs to customers through increased rates. Utilities incur
substantial capital expenditures for plant and equipment. In the future they
will also incur increasing capital and operating expenses to comply with
environmental legislation such as the Clean Air Act of 1990, and other energy,
licensing and other laws and regulations relating to, among other things, air
emissions, the quality of drinking water, waste water discharge, solid and
hazardous substance handling and disposal, and siting and licensing of
facilities. Environmental legislation and regulations are changing rapidly and
are the subject of current public policy debate and legislative proposals. It is
increasingly likely that some or many utilities will be subject to more
stringent environmental standards in the future that could result in significant
capital expenditures. Future legislation and regulation could include, among
other things, regulation of so-called electromagnetic fields associated with
electric transmission and distribution lines as well as emissions of carbon
dioxide and other so-called greenhouse gases associated with the burning of
fossil fuels. Compliance with these requirements may limit a utility's
operations or require substantial investments in new equipment and, as a result,
may adversely affect a utility's results of operations.
The electric utility industry in general is subject to various external
factors including (a) the effects of inflation upon the costs of operation and
construction, (b) substantially increased capital outlays and longer
construction periods for larger and more complex new generating units, (c)
uncertainties in predicting future load requirements, (d) increased financing
requirements coupled with limited availability of capital, (e) exposure to
cancellation and penalty charges on new generating units under construction, (f)
problems of cost and availability of fuel, (g) compliance with rapidly changing
and complex environmental, safety and licensing requirements, (h) litigation and
proposed legislation designed to delay or prevent construction of generating and
other facilities, (i) the uncertain effects of conservation on the use of
electric energy, (j) uncertainties associated with the development of a national
energy policy, (k) regulatory, political and consumer resistance to rate
increases and (l)
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increased competition as a result of the availability of other energy sources.
These factors may delay the construction and increase the cost of new
facilities, limit the use of, or necessitate costly modifications to, existing
facilities, impair the access of electric utilities to credit markets, or
substantially increase the cost of credit for electric generating facilities.
The Sponsors cannot predict at this time the ultimate effect of such factors on
the ability of any issuers to meet their obligations with respect to Debt
Obligations.
The National Energy Policy Act ('NEPA'), which became law in October, 1992,
makes it mandatory for a utility to permit non-utility generators of electricity
access to its transmission system for wholesale customers, thereby increasing
competition for electric utilities. NEPA also mandated demand-side management
policies to be considered by utilities. NEPA prohibits the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission from mandating electric utilities to engage in retail
wheeling, which is competition among suppliers of electric generation to provide
electricity to retail customers (particularly industrial retail customers) of a
utility. However, under NEPA, a state can mandate retail wheeling under certain
conditions.
There is concern by the public, the scientific community, and the U.S.
Congress regarding environmental damage resulting from the use of fossil fuels.
Congressional support for the increased regulation of air, water, and soil
contaminants is building and there are a number of pending or recently enacted
legislative proposals which may affect the electric utility industry. In
particular, on November 15, 1990, legislation was signed into law that
substantially revises the Clean Air Act (the '1990 Amendments'). The 1990
Amendments seek to improve the ambient air quality throughout the United States
by the year 2000. A main feature of the 1990 Amendments is the reduction of
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions caused by electric utility power
plants, particularly those fueled by coal. Under the 1990 Amendments the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency ('EPA') must develop limits for nitrogen oxide
emissions by 1993. The sulphur dioxide reduction will be achieved in two phases.
Phase I addresses specific generating units named in the 1990 Amendments. In
Phase II the total U.S. emissions will be capped at 8.9 million tons by the year
2000. The 1990 Amendments contain provisions for allocating allowances to power
plants based on historical or calculated levels. An allowance is defined as the
authorization to emit one ton of sulphur dioxide.
The 1990 Amendments also provide for possible further regulation of toxic
air emissions from electric generating units pending the results of several
federal government studies to be conducted over the next three to four years
with respect to anticipated hazards to public health, available corrective
technologies, and mercury toxicity.
Electric utilities which own or operate nuclear power plants are exposed to
risks inherent in the nuclear industry. These risks include exposure to new
requirements resulting from extensive federal and state regulatory oversight,
public controversy, decommissioning costs, and spent fuel and radioactive waste
disposal issues. While nuclear power construction risks are no longer of
paramount concern, the emerging issue is radioactive waste disposal. In
addition, nuclear plants typically require substantial capital additions and
modifications throughout their operating lives to meet safety, environmental,
operational and regulatory requirements and to replace and upgrade various plant
systems. The high degree of regulatory monitoring and controls imposed on
nuclear plants could cause a plant to be out of service or on limited service
for long periods. When a nuclear facility owned by an
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investor-owned utility or a state or local municipality is out of service or
operating on a limited service basis, the utility operator or its owners may be
liable for the recovery of replacement power costs. Risks of substantial
liability also arise from the operation of nuclear facilities and from the use,
handling, and possible radioactive emissions associated with nuclear fuel.
Insurance may not cover all types or amounts of loss which may be experienced in
connection with the ownership and operation of a nuclear plant and severe
financial consequences could result from a significant accident or occurrence.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has promulgated regulations mandating the
establishment of funded reserves to assure financial capability for the eventual
decommissioning of licensed nuclear facilities. These funds are to be accrued
from revenues in amounts currently estimated to be sufficient to pay for
decommissioning costs.
The ability of state and local joint action power agencies to make payments
on bonds they have issued is dependent in large part on payments made to them
pursuant to power supply or similar agreements. Courts in Washington and Idaho
have held that certain agreements between the Washington Public Power Supply
System ('WPPSS') and the WPPSS participants are unenforceable because the
participants did not have the authority to enter into the agreements. While
these decisions are not specifically applicable to agreements entered into by
public entities in other states, they may cause a reexamination of the legal
structure and economic viability of certain projects financed by joint action
power agencies, which might exacerbate some of the problems referred to above
and possibly lead to legal proceedings questioning the enforceability of
agreements upon which payment of these bonds may depend.
LEASE RENTAL OBLIGATIONS
Lease rental obligations are issued for the most part by governmental
authorities that have no taxing power or other means of directly raising
revenues. Rather, the authorities are financing vehicles created solely for the
construction of buildings (administrative offices, convention centers and
prisons, for example) or the purchase of equipment (police cars and computer
systems, for example) that will be used by a state or local government (the
'lessee'). Thus, the obligations are subject to the ability and willingness of
the lessee government to meet its lease rental payments which include debt
service on the obligations. Willingness to pay may be subject to changes in the
views of citizens or government officials as to the essential nature of the
finance project. Lease rental obligations are subject, in almost all cases, to
the annual appropriation risk, i.e., the lessee government is not legally
obligated to budget and appropriate for the rental payments beyond the current
fiscal year. These obligations are also subject to the risk of abatement in many
states--rental obligations cease in the event that damage, destruction or
condemnation of the project prevents its use by the lessee. (In these cases,
insurance provisions and reserve funds designed to alleviate this risk become
important credit factors). In the event of default by the lessee government,
there may be significant legal and/or practical difficulties involved in the re-
letting or sale of the project. Some of these issues, particularly those for
equipment purchase, contain the so-called 'substitution safeguard', which bars
the lessee government, in the event it defaults on its rental payments, from the
purchase or use of similar equipment for a certain period of time. This
safeguard is designed to insure that the lessee government will appropriate the
necessary funds even though it is not legally obligated to do so, but its
legality remains untested in most, if not all, states.
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SINGLE FAMILY AND MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING OBLIGATIONS
Multi-family housing revenue bonds and single family mortgage revenue bonds
are state and local housing issues that have been issued to provide financing
for various housing projects. Multi-family housing revenue bonds are payable
primarily from the revenues derived from mortgage loans to housing projects for
low to moderate income families. Single-family mortgage revenue bonds are issued
for the purpose of acquiring from originating financial institutions notes
secured by mortgages on residences.
Housing obligations are not general obligations of the issuer although
certain obligations may be supported to some degree by Federal, state or local
housing subsidy programs. Budgetary constraints experienced by these programs as
well as the failure by a state or local housing issuer to satisfy the
qualifications required for coverage under these programs or any legal or
administrative determinations that the coverage of these programs is not
available to a housing issuer, probably will result in a decrease or elimination
of subsidies available for payment of amounts due on the issuer's obligations.
The ability of housing issuers to make debt service payments on their
obligations will also be affected by various economic and non-economic
developments including, among other things, the achievement and maintenance of
sufficient occupancy levels and adequate rental income in multi-family projects,
the rate of default on mortgage loans underlying single family issues and the
ability of mortgage insurers to pay claims, employment and income conditions
prevailing in local markets, increases in construction costs, taxes, utility
costs and other operating expenses, the managerial ability of project managers,
changes in laws and governmental regulations and economic trends generally in
the localities in which the projects are situated. Occupancy of multi-family
housing projects may also be adversely affected by high rent levels and income
limitations imposed under Federal, state or local programs.
All single family mortgage revenue bonds and certain multi-family housing
revenue bonds are prepayable over the life of the underlying mortgage or
mortgage pool, and therefore the average life of housing obligations cannot be
determined. However, the average life of these obligations will ordinarily be
less than their stated maturities. Single-family issues are subject to mandatory
redemption in whole or in part from prepayments on underlying mortgage loans;
mortgage loans are frequently partially or completely prepaid prior to their
final stated maturities as a result of events such as declining interest rates,
sale of the mortgaged premises, default, condemnation or casualty loss.
Multi-family issues are characterized by mandatory redemption at par upon the
occurrence of monetary defaults or breaches of covenants by the project
operator. Additionally, housing obligations are generally subject to mandatory
partial redemption at par to the extent that proceeds from the sale of the
obligations are not allocated within a stated period (which may be within a year
of the date of issue). Housing obligations are also generally subject to special
redemption at par in the case of mortgage prepayments. To the extent that these
obligations were valued at a premium when a Holder purchased Units, any
prepayment at par would result in a loss of capital to the Holder and, in any
event, reduce the amount of income that would otherwise have been paid to
Holders.
The tax exemption for certain housing revenue bonds depends on
qualification under Section 143 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the 'Code'), in the case of single family mortgage revenue bonds or Section
142(a)(7) of the Code or other provisions of Federal law in the case of certain
multi-family housing
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revenue bonds (including Section 8 assisted bonds). These sections of the Code
or other provisions of Federal law contain certain ongoing requirements,
including requirements relating to the cost and location of the residences
financed with the proceeds of the single family mortgage revenue bonds and the
income levels of tenants of the rental projects financed with the proceeds of
the multi-family housing revenue bonds. While the issuers of the bonds and other
parties, including the originators and servicers of the single-family mortgages
and the owners of the rental projects financed with the multi-family housing
revenue bonds, generally covenant to meet these ongoing requirements and
generally agree to institute procedures designed to ensure that these
requirements are met, there can be no assurance that the ongoing requirements
will be consistently met. The failure to meet these requirements could cause the
interest on the bonds to become taxable, possibly retroactively from the date of
issuance, thereby reducing the value of the bonds, subjecting the Holders to
unanticipated tax liabilities and possibly requiring the Trustee to sell the
bonds at reduced values. Futhermore, any failure to meet these ongoing
requirements might not constitute an event of default under the applicable
mortgage or permit the holder to accelerate payment of the bond or require the
issuer to redeem the bond. In any event, where the mortgage is insured by the
Federal Housing Administration, its consent may be required before insurance
proceeds would become payable to redeem the mortgage bonds.
HOSPITAL AND HEALTH CARE FACILITY OBLIGATIONS
The ability of hospitals and other health care facilities to meet their
obligations with respect to revenue bonds issued on their behalf is dependent on
various factors, including the level of payments received from private
third-party payors and government programs and the cost of providing health care
services.
A significant portion of the revenues of hospitals and other health care
facilities is derived from private third-party payors and government programs,
including the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Both private third-party payors
and government programs have undertaken cost containment measures designed to
limit payments made to health care facilities. Furthermore, government programs
are subject to statutory and regulatory changes, retroactive rate adjustments,
administrative rulings and government funding restrictions, all of which may
materially decrease the rate of program payments for health care facilities.
Certain special revenue obligations (i.e., Medicare or Medicaid revenues) may be
payable subject to appropriations by state legislatures. There can be no
assurance that payments under governmental programs will remain at levels
comparable to present levels or will, in the future, be sufficient to cover the
costs allocable to patients participating in such programs. In addition, there
can be no assurance that a particular hospital or other health care facility
will continue to meet the requirements for participation in such programs.
The costs of providing health care services are subject to increase as a
result of, among other factors, changes in medical technology and increased
labor costs. In addition, health care facility construction and operation is
subject to federal, state and local regulation relating to the adequacy of
medical care, equipment, personnel, operating policies and procedures,
rate-setting, and compliance with building codes and environmental laws.
Facilities are subject to periodic inspection by governmental and other
authorities to assure continued compliance with the various standards necessary
for licensing and accreditation. These regulatory requirements are subject to
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change and, to comply, it may be necessary for a hospital or other health care
facility to incur substantial capital expenditures or increased operating
expenses to effect changes in its facilities, equipment, personnel and services.
Hospitals and other health care facilities are subject to claims and legal
actions by patients and others in the ordinary course of business. Although
these claims are generally covered by insurance, there can be no assurance that
a claim will not exceed the insurance coverage of a health care facility or that
insurance coverage will be available to a facility. In addition, a substantial
increase in the cost of insurance could adversely affect the results of
operations of a hospital or other health care facility. The Clinton
Administration may impose regulations which could limit price increases for
hospitals or the level of reimbursements for third-party payors or other
measures to reduce health care costs and make health care available to more
individuals, which would reduce profits for hospitals. Some states, such as New
Jersey, have significantly changed their reimbursement systems. If a hospital
cannot adjust to the new system by reducing expenses or raising rates, financial
difficulties may arise. Also, Blue Cross has denied reimbursement for some
hospitals for services other than emergency room services. The lost volume would
reduce revenue unless replacement patients were found.
Certain hospital bonds may provide for redemption at par prior to maturity
at any time upon the sale by the issuer of the hospital facilities to a
non-affiliated entity, if the hospital becomes subject to ad valorem taxation,
or in various other circumstances. For example, certain hospitals may have the
right to call bonds at par if the hospital may legally be required because of
the bonds to perform procedures against specified religious principles or to
disclose information that it considers confidential or privileged. Certain
FHA-insured bonds may provide that all or a portion of those bonds, otherwise
callable at a premium, can be called at par in certain circumstances. If a
hospital defaults upon a bond obligation, the realization of Medicare and
Medicaid receivables may be uncertain and, if the bond obligation is secured by
the hospital facilities, legal restrictions on the ability to foreclose upon the
facilities and the limited alternative uses to which a hospital can be put may
reduce severely its collateral value.
The Internal Revenue Service is currently engaged in a program of intensive
audits of certain large tax-exempt hospital and health care facility
organizations. Although these audits have not yet been completed, it has been
reported that the tax-exempt status of some of these organizations may be
revoked. At this time, it is uncertain whether any of the hospital and health
care facility obligations held by the Fund will be affected by such audit
proceedings.
AIRPORT, PORT AND HIGHWAY REVENUE OBLIGATIONS
Certain facility revenue bonds are payable from and secured by the revenues
from the ownership and operation of particular facilities, such as airports
(including airport terminals and maintenance facilities), marine terminals,
bridges, turnpikes and port authorities. For example, the major portion of gross
airport operating income is generally derived from fees received from signatory
airlines pursuant to use agreements which consist of annual payments for airport
use, occupancy of certain terminal space, facilities, service fees, concessions
and leases. Airport operating income may therefore be affected by the ability of
the airlines to meet their obligations under the use agreements. The air
transport industry is experiencing significant variations in earnings and
traffic,
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due to increased competition, excess capacity, increased aviation fuel,
deregulation, traffic constraints, the current recession and other factors. As a
result, several airlines are experiencing severe financial difficulties. Several
airlines including America West Airlines have sought protection from their
creditors under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. In addition, other airlines
such as Eastern Airlines, Inc. and Pan American Corporation have been
liquidated. However, within the past few months Northwest Airlines, Continental
Airlines and Trans World Airlines have emerged from bankruptcy. The Sponsors
cannot predict what effect these industry conditions may have on airport
revenues which are dependent for payment on the financial condition of the
airlines and their usage of the particular airport facility.
Similarly, payment on bonds related to other facilities is dependent on
revenues from the projects, such as use fees from ports and parking lots, tolls
on turnpikes and bridges and rents from buildings. Therefore, payment may be
adversely affected by reduction in revenues due to such factors and increased
cost of maintenance or decreased use of a facility, lower cost of alternative
modes of transportation or scarcity of fuel and reduction or loss of rents.
TRANSIT AUTHORITY OBLIGATIONS
Mass transit is generally not self-supporting from fare revenues.
Therefore, additional financial resources must be made available to ensure
operation of mass transit systems as well as the timely payment of debt service.
Often such financial resources include Federal and state subsidies, lease
rentals paid by funds of the state or local government or a pledge of a special
tax such as a sales tax or a property tax. If fare revenues or the additional
financial resources do not increase appropriately to pay for rising operating
expenses, the ability of the issuer to adequately service the debt may be
adversely affected.
MUNICIPAL WATER AND SEWER REVENUE BONDS
Water and sewer bonds are generally payable from user fees. The ability of
state and local water and sewer authorities to meet their obligations may be
affected by failure of municipalities to utilize fully the facilities
constructed by these authorities, economic or population decline and resulting
decline in revenue from user charges, rising construction and maintenance costs
and delays in construction of facilities, impact of environmental requirements,
failure or inability to raise user charges in response to increased costs, the
difficulty of obtaining or discovering new supplies of fresh water, the effect
of conservation programs and the impact of 'no growth' zoning ordinances. In
some cases this ability may be affected by the continued availability of Federal
and state financial assistance and of municipal bond insurance for future bond
issues.
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL BONDS
Bonds issued for solid waste disposal facilities are generally payable from
tipping fees and from revenues that may be earned by the facility on the sale of
electrical energy generated in the combustion of waste products. The ability of
solid waste disposal facilities to meet their obligations depends upon the
continued use of the facility, the successful and efficient operation of the
facility and, in the case of waste-to-energy facilities, the continued ability
of the facility to generate electricity on a commercial basis. All of these
factors may be affected by a failure
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of municipalities to fully utilize the facilities, an insufficient supply of
waste for disposal due to economic or population decline, rising construction
and maintenance costs, any delays in construction of facilities, lower-cost
alternative modes of waste processing and changes in environmental regulations.
Because of the relatively short history of this type of financing, there may be
technological risks involved in the satisfactory construction or operation of
the projects exceeding those associated with most municipal enterprise projects.
Increasing environmental regulation on the federal, state and local level has a
significant impact on waste disposal facilities. While regulation requires more
waste producers to use waste disposal facilities, it also imposes significant
costs on the facilities. These costs include compliance with frequently changing
and complex regulatory requirements, the cost of obtaining construction and
operating permits, the cost of conforming to prescribed and changing equipment
standards and required methods of operation and, for incinerators or
waste-to-energy facilities, the cost of disposing of the waste residue that
remains after the disposal process in an environmentally safe manner. In
addition, waste disposal facilities frequently face substantial opposition by
environmental groups and officials to their location and operation, to the
possible adverse effects upon the public health and the environment that may be
caused by wastes disposed of at the facilities and to alleged improper operating
procedures. Waste disposal facilities benefit from laws which require waste to
be disposed of in a certain manner but any relaxation of these laws could cause
a decline in demand for the facilities' services. Finally, waste-to-energy
facilities are concerned with many of the same issues facing utilities insofar
as they derive revenues from the sale of energy to local power utilities (see
State and Local Municipal Utility Obligations above).
UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE OBLIGATIONS
The ability of universities and colleges to meet their obligations is
dependent upon various factors, including the size and diversity of their
sources of revenues, enrollment, reputation, management expertise, the
availability and restrictions on the use of endowments and other funds, the
quality and maintenance costs of campus facilities, and, in the case of public
institutions, the financial condition of the relevant state or other
governmental entity and its policies with respect to education. The
institution's ability to maintain enrollment levels will depend on such factors
as tuition costs, demographic trends, geographic location, geographic diversity
and quality of the student body, quality of the faculty and the diversity of
program offerings.
Legislative or regulatory action in the future at the Federal, state or
local level may directly or indirectly affect eligibility standards or reduce or
eliminate the availability of funds for certain types of student loans or grant
programs, including student aid, research grants and work-study programs, and
may affect indirect assistance for education.
PUERTO RICO
The Portfolio may contain Debt Obligations of issuers which will be
affected by general economic conditions in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico's
unemployment rate remains significantly higher than the U.S. unemployment rate.
Furthermore, the economy is largely dependent for its development upon U.S.
policies and programs that are being reviewed and may be eliminated.
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The Puerto Rican economy is affected by a number of Commonwealth and
Federal investment incentive programs. For example, Section 936 of the Internal
Revenue Code (the 'Code') provides for a credit against Federal income taxes for
U.S. companies operating on the island if certain requirements are met. The
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 imposes limits on such credit,
effective for tax years beginning after 1993. In addition, from time to time
proposals are introduced in Congress which, if enacted into law, would eliminate
some or all of the benefits of Section 936. Although no assessment can be made
at this time of the precise effect of such limitation, it is expected that the
limitation of Section 936 credits would have a negative impact on Puerto Rico's
economy.
Aid for Puerto Rico's economy has traditionally depended heavily on Federal
programs, and current Federal budgetary policies suggest that an expansion of
aid to Puerto Rico is unlikely. An adverse effect on the Puerto Rican economy
could result from other U.S. policies, including a reduction of tax benefits for
distilled products, further reduction in transfer payment programs such as food
stamps, curtailment of military spending and policies which could lead to a
stronger dollar.
In a plebiscite held in November, 1993, the Puerto Rican electorate chose
to continue Puerto Rico's Commonwealth status. Previously proposed legislation,
which was not enacted, would have preserved the federal tax exempt status of the
outstanding debts of Puerto Rico and its public corporations regardless of the
outcome of the referendum, to the extent that similar obligations issued by the
states are so treated and subject to the provisions of the Code currently in
effect. There can be no assurance that any pending or future legislation finally
enacted will include the same or similar protection against loss or tax
exemption. The November 1993 plebiscite can be expected to have both direct and
indirect consequences on such matters as the basic characteristics of future
Puerto Rico debt obligations, the markets for these obligations, and the types,
levels and quality of revenue sources pledged for the payment of existing and
future debt obligations. Such possible consequences include, without limitation,
legislative proposals seeking restoration of the status of Section 936 benefits
otherwise subject to the limitations discussed above. However, no assessment can
be made at this time of the economic and other effects of a change in federal
laws affecting Puerto Rico as a result of the November 1993 plebiscite.
OBLIGATIONS BACKED BY LETTERS OF CREDIT
Certain Debt Obligations may be secured by letters of credit issued by
commercial banks or collateralized letters of credit issued by savings banks,
savings and loan associations and similar institutions ('thrifts') or direct
obligations of banks or thrifts pursuant to 'loans-to-lenders' programs. The
letter of credit may be drawn upon, and the Debt Obligations consequently
redeemed should an issuer fail to make payments of amounts due on a Debt
Obligation backed by a letter of credit or default under its reimbursement
agreement with the issuer of the letter of credit or, in certain cases, in the
event the interest on a Debt Obligation should be deemed to be taxable and full
payment of amounts due is not made by the issuer. The letters of credit are
irrevocable obligations of the issuing institutions, which are subject to
extensive governmental regulations which may limit both the amounts and types of
loans and other financial commitments which may be made and interest rates and
fees which may be charged.
The profitability of financial institutions is largely dependent upon the
availability and cost of funds for the purpose of financing lending operations
under prevailing money market conditions. Also, general economic
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conditions play an important part in the operations of this industry and
exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of
borrowers might affect an institution's ability to meet its obligations. Since
the late 1980's the ratings of U.S. and foreign banks and holding companies have
been subject to extensive downgrades due primarily to deterioration in asset
quality and the attendant impact on earnings and capital adequacy. Major U.S.
banks, in particular, suffered from a decline in asset quality in the areas of
loans to Lesser Developed Countries (LDC's), construction and commercial real
estate loans and lending to support Highly Leveraged Transactions (HLT's). LDC
and HLT problems have been largely addressed, although, construction and
commercial real estate loans remain areas of concern. The Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation ('FDIC') indicated that in 1990, 169 federally insured
banks with an aggregate total of $15.7 billion in assets failed and that in
1991, 127 federally insured banks with an aggregate total of $63.2 billion in
assets failed. During 1992, the FDIC resolved 120 failed banks with combined
assets of $44.2 billion in assets.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991
('FDICIA') and the Resolution Trust Corporation Refinancing, Restructuring, and
Improvement Act of 1991 imposed many new limitations on the way in which banks,
savings banks, and thrifts may conduct their business and mandated early and
aggressive regulatory intervention for unhealthy institutions. Periodic efforts
by recent Administrations to introduce legislation broadening the ability of
banks and thrifts to compete with new products have not been successful, but if
enacted could lead to more failures as a result of increased competition and
added risks. Failure to enact such legislation, on the other hand, may lead to
declining earnings and an inability to compete with unregulated financial
institutions. Efforts to expand the ability of federal thrifts to branch on an
interstate basis have been initially successful through promulgation of
regulations, but legislation to liberalize interstate branching for banks
stalled in the Congress. Consolidation is likely to continue in both cases. The
Securities and Exchange Commission ('SEC') is attempting to require the expanded
use of market value accounting by banks and thrifts, and has imposed rules
requiring market accounting for investment securities held for sale. Adoption of
additional such rules may result in increased volatility in the reported health
of the industry and mandated regulatory intervention to correct such problems.
In addition, historically, thrifts primarily financed residential and
commercial real estate by making fixed-rate mortgage loans and funded those
loans from various types of deposits. Thrifts were restricted as to the types of
accounts which could be offered and the rates that could be paid on those
accounts. During periods of high interest rates, large amounts of deposits were
withdrawn as depositors invested in Treasury bills and notes and in money market
funds which provided liquidity and high yields not subject to regulation. As a
result the cost of thrifts' funds exceeded income from mortgage loan portfolios
and other investments, and their financial positions were adversely affected.
Laws and regulations eliminating interest rate ceilings and restrictions on
types of accounts that may be offered by thrifts were designed to permit thrifts
to compete for deposits on the basis of current market rates and to improve
their financial positions.
However, with respect to any Debt Obligations included in the Trusts that
are secured by collateralized letters of credit or guarantees of thrifts, on the
basis of the current financial positions of the thrifts, the Sponsors believe
that investors in the Units should rely solely on the collateral securing the
performance of the thrifts' obligations with respect to those Debt Obligations
and not on the financial positions of the thrifts.
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In certain cases, the Sponsors have agreed that their sole recourse in
connection with any default, including insolvency, by the thrifts whose
collateralized letter of credit or guarantee may back any of the Debt
Obligations will be to exercise available remedies with respect to the
collateral pledged by the thrift; should such collateral be insufficient, the
Sponsors will therefore be unable to pursue any default judgment against that
thrift.
Certain of these collateralized letters of credit or guarantees may provide
that they are to be drawn upon in the event the thrift becomes or is deemed to
be insolvent. Accordingly, investors should recognize that they are subject to
having the principal amount of their investment represented by a Debt Obligation
secured by such a collateralized letter of credit or guarantee returned prior to
the termination date of the Fund or the maturity or disposition dates of the
Debt Obligations if the thrift becomes or is deemed to be insolvent.
Certain Debt Obligations in the Portfolios of the Trusts may be supported
by guarantees or letters of credit which are secured by a security interest in
'Eligible Collateral'. Eligible Collateral may consist of mortgage-backed
securities issued by private parties and guaranteed as to full and timely
payment of interest and principal by the Government National Mortgage
Association ('GNMA') ('GNMA Pass-Throughs') or by the Federal National Mortgage
Association ('FNMA') ('FNMA Pass-Throughs'), mortgage-backed securities issued
by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ('FHLMC') and guaranteed as to
full and timely payment of interest and full collection of principal by FHLMC
('FHLMC PCs'), conventional, FHA insured, VA guaranteed and privately insured
mortgages ('Mortgages'), debt obligations of states and their political
subdivisions and public authorities ('Municipal Obligations'), debt obligations
of public nongovernmental corporations rated at least A by Standard & Poor's (or
another acceptable rating agency at the time rating the Fund) ('Corporate
Obligations'), U.S. Government Securities and cash. In addition, Eligible
Collateral may also consist of other securities specified by the Sponsors.
With respect to each Debt Obligation as to which Eligible Collateral has
been pledged, the Sponsors have established minimum percentage levels
('Collateral Requirements') of the aggregate market value of each type of
Eligible Collateral consistent with the standards described under The Portfolio
below. Eligible Collateral is to be valued no less often than quarterly. If on
any valuation date it is determined that the aggregate market value of the
Eligible Collateral does not satisfy the applicable Collateral Requirements,
additional Eligible Collateral must be delivered. Eligible Collateral may be
withdrawn or substituted at any time, provided that the remaining or substituted
Eligible Collateral meets the applicable Collateral Requirements. Although the
Sponsors believe that the Collateral Requirements are sufficient to provide a
high degree of protection against loss on the Debt Obligations backed by
collateralized letters of credit or guarantees, investors in the Units should be
aware that if liquidation of the collateral is required and proves insufficient
to provide for payment in full of the principal and accrued interest on such
Debt Obligations, then the full principal amount of their investment could not
be returned.
OBLIGATIONS BACKED BY INSURANCE
Certain Debt Obligations (the 'Insured Debt Obligations') may be insured or
guaranteed by AMBAC Indemnity Corporation ('AMBAC'), Asset Guaranty Reinsurance
Co. ('Asset Guaranty'), Capital Guaranty
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Insurance Company ('CGIC'), Capital Markets Assurance Corp. ('CAPMAC'), Connie
Lee Insurance Company ('Connie Lee'), Continental Casualty Company
('Continental'), Financial Guaranty Insurance Company ('Financial Guaranty'),
Financial Security Assurance Inc. ('FSA'), Firemen's Insurance Company of
Newark, New Jersey ('Firemen's'), Municipal Bond Investors Assurance Corporation
('MBIA') or National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pa. ('National
Union') (collectively, the 'Insurance Companies'). The claims-paying ability of
each of these companies, unless otherwise indicated, is rated AAA by Standard &
Poor's or another acceptable national rating agency. The ratings are subject to
change at any time at the discretion of the rating agencies. In determining
whether to insure bonds, the Insurance Companies severally apply their own
standards. The cost of this insurance is borne either by the issuers or previous
owners of the bonds or by the Sponsors. The insurance policies are
non-cancellable and will continue in force so long as the Insured Debt
Obligations are outstanding and the insurers remain in business. The insurance
policies guarantee the timely payment of principal and interest on but do not
guarantee the market value of the Insured Debt Obligations or the value of the
Units. The insurance policies generally do not provide for accelerated payments
of principal or cover redemptions resulting from events of taxability. If the
issuer of any Insured Debt Obligation should fail to make an interest or
principal payment, the insurance policies generally provide that the Trustee or
its agent shall give notice of nonpayment to the Insurance Company or its agent
and provide evidence of the Trustee's right to receive payment. The Insurance
Company is then required to disburse the amount of the failed payment to the
Trustee or its agent and is thereafter subrogated to the Trustee's right to
receive payment from the issuer.
The following are brief descriptions of certain of the insurance companies
that may insure or guarantee certain Debt Obligations. It should be noted that
the financial information which is referred to as having been determined on a
statutory basis is unaudited.
AMBAC is a Wisconsin-domiciled stock insurance company, regulated by the
Insurance Department of the State of Wisconsin, and licensed to do business in
various states, with admitted assets of approximately $1,956,000,000 and
policyholders' surplus of approximately $737,000,000 as of December 31, 1993.
AMBAC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of AMBAC Inc., a financial holding company
which is publicly owned following a complete divestiture by Citibank during the
first quarter of 1992.
Asset Guaranty is a New York State insurance company licensed to write
financial guarantee, credit, residual value and surety insurance. Asset Guaranty
commenced operations in mid-1988 by providing reinsurance to several major
monoline insurers. The parent holding company of Asset Guaranty, Asset Guarantee
Inc. (AGI), merged with Enhance Financial Services (EFS) in June, 1990 to form
Enhance Financial Services Group Inc. (EFSG). The two main, 100%-owned
subsidiaries of EFSG, Asset Guaranty and Enhance Reinsurance Company, share
common management and physical resources. EFSG is 14% owned by Merrill Lynch &
Co. Inc. and its affiliates. Both EFSG and Asset Guaranty are rated 'AAA' for
claims paying ability by Duff & Phelps but are not rated by Standard & Poor's.
As of December 31, 1993 Asset Guaranty had admitted assets of approximately
$138,000,000 and policyholders' surplus of approximately $73,000,000.
CGIC, a monoline bond insuror headquartered in San Francisco, California,
was established in November 1986 to assume the financial guaranty business of
United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company ('USF&G'). It
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is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Capital Guaranty Corporation ('CGC') whose stock
is owned by: Constellation Investments, Inc., an affiliate of Baltimore Gas &
Electric, Fleet/Norstar Financial Group, Inc., Safeco Corporation, Sibag Finance
Corporation, an affiliate of Siemens AG, USF&G, the eighth largest
property/casualty company in the U.S. as measured by net premiums written, and
CGC management. As of December 31, 1993, CGIC had total admitted assets of
approximately $285,000,000 and policyholders' surplus of approximately
$168,000,000.
CAPMAC commenced operations in December 1987, as the second mono-line
financial guaranty insurance company (after FSA) organized solely to insure
non-municipal obligations. CAPMAC, a New York corporation, is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of CAPMAC Holdings, Inc. (CHI), which was sold in 1992 by Citibank
(New York State) to a group of 12 investors led by the following: Dillon Read's
Saratoga Partners II; L.P. (Saratoga), an acquisition fund; Caprock Management,
Inc., representing Rockefeller family interests; Citigrowth Fund, a Citicorp
venture capital group; and CAPMAC senior management and staff. These groups
control approximately 70% of the stock of CHI. CAPMAC had traditionally
specialized in guaranteeing consumer loan and trade receivable asset-backed
securities. Under the new ownership group CAPMAC intends to become involved in
the municipal bond insurance business, as well as their traditional
non-municipal business. As of September 30, 1993 CAPMAC's admitted assets were
approximately $182,000,000 and its policyholders' surplus was approximately
$146,000,000.
Connie Lee is a wholly owned subsidiary of College Construction Loan
Insurance Association ('CCLIA'), a government-sponsored enterprise established
by Congress to provide American academic institutions with greater access to
low-cost capital through credit enhancement. Connie Lee, the operating insurance
company, was incorporated in 1987 and began business as a reinsurer of
tax-exempt bonds of colleges, universities, and teaching hospitals with a
concentration on the hospital sector. During the fourth quarter of 1991 Connie
Lee began underwriting primary bond insurance which will focus largely on the
college and university sector. CCLIA's founding shareholders are the U.S.
Department of Education, which owns 36% of CCLIA, and the Student Loan Marketing
Association ('Sallie Mae'), which owns 14%. The other principal owners are:
Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System, Metropolitan Life
Insurance Company, Kemper Financial Services, Johnson family funds and trusts,
Northwestern University, Rockefeller & Co., Inc. administered trusts and funds,
and Stanford University. Connie Lee is domiciled in the state of Wisconsin and
has licenses to do business in 47 states and the District of Columbia. As of
December 31, 1993, its total admitted assets were approximately $182,000,000 and
policyholders' surplus was approximately $105,000,000.
Continental is a wholly-owned subsidiary of CNA Financial Corp. and was
incorporated under the laws of Illinois in 1948. As of September 30, 1993,
Continental had policyholders' surplus of approximately $2,969,000,000 and
admitted assets of approximately $18,567,000,000. Continental is the lead
property-casualty company of a fleet of carriers nationally known and marketed
as 'CNA Insurance Companies'. CNA is rated AAI by Standard & Poor's.
Financial Guaranty, a New York stock insurance company, is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of FGIC Corporation, which is wholly owned by General Electric
Capital Corporation. The investors in the FGIC
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Corporation are not obligated to pay the debts of or the claims against
Financial Guaranty. Financial Guaranty commenced its business of providing
insurance and financial guarantees for a variety of investment instruments in
January 1984 and is currently authorized to provide insurance in 49 states and
the District of Columbia. It files reports with state regulatory agencies and is
subject to audit and review by those authorities. As of December 31, 1993, its
total admitted assets were approximately $1,947,000,000 and its policyholders'
surplus was approximately $777,000,000.
FSA is a monoline property and casualty insurance company incorporated in
New York in 1984. It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Financial Security
Assurance Holdings Ltd., which was acquired in December 1989 by US West, Inc.,
the regional Bell Telephone Company serving the Rocky Mountain and Pacific
Northwestern states. U.S. West is currently seeking to sell FSA. FSA is licensed
to engage in the surety business in 42 states and the District of Columbia. FSA
is engaged exclusively in the business of writing financial guaranty insurance,
on both tax-exempt and non-municipal securities. As of December 31, 1993, FSA
had policyholders' surplus of approximately $357,000,000 and total admitted
assets of approximately $748,000,000.
Firemen's, which was incorporated in New Jersey in 1855, is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of The Continental Corporation and a member of The Continental
Insurance Companies, a group of property and casualty insurance companies the
claims paying ability of which is rated AA-by Standard & Poor's. It provides
unconditional and non-cancellable insurance on industrial development revenue
bonds. As of December 31, 1993, the total admitted assets of Firemen's were
approximately $2,253,000,000 and its policyholders' surplus was approximately
$503,000,000.
MBIA is the principal operating subsidiary of MBIA Inc. The principal
shareholders of MBIA Inc. were originally Aetna Casualty and Surety Company, The
Fund American Companies, Inc., subsidiaries of CIGNA Corporation and Credit
Local de France, CAECL, S.A. These principal shareholders now own approximately
13% of the outstanding common stock of MBIA Inc. following a series of four
public equity offerings over a five-year period. As of December 31, 1993, MBIA
had admitted assets of approximately $3,051,000,000 and policyholders' surplus
of approximately $978,000,000.
National Union is a stock insurance company incorporated in Pennsylvania
and a wholly-owned subsidiary of American International Group, Inc. National
Union was organized in 1901 and is currently licensed to provide insurance in 50
states and the District of Columbia. It files reports with state insurance
regulatory agencies and is subject to regulation, audit and review by those
authorities including the State of New York Insurance Department. As of
September 30, 1993, the total admitted assets and policyholders' surplus of
National Union were approximately $7,907,000,000 and approximately
$1,408,000,000, respectively.
Insurance companies are subject to regulation and supervision in the
jurisdictions in which they do business under statutes which delegate
regulatory, supervisory and administrative powers to state insurance
commissioners. This regulation, supervision and administration relate, among
other things, to: the standards of solvency which must be met and maintained;
the licensing of insurers and their agents; the nature of and limitations on
investments; deposits of securities for the benefit of policyholders; approval
of policy forms and
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premium rates; periodic examinations of the affairs of insurance companies;
annual and other reports required to be filed on the financial condition of
insurers or for other purposes; and requirements regarding reserves for unearned
premiums, losses and other matters. Regulatory agencies require that premium
rates not be excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory. Insurance
regulation in many states also includes 'assigned risk' plans, reinsurance
facilities, and joint underwriting associations, under which all insurers
writing particular lines of insurance within the jurisdiction must accept, for
one or more of those lines, risks unable to secure coverage in voluntary
markets. A significant portion of the assets of insurance companies is required
by law to be held in reserve against potential claims on policies and is not
available to general creditors.
Although the Federal government does not regulate the business of
insurance, Federal initiatives can significantly impact the insurance business.
Current and proposed Federal measures which may significantly affect the
insurance business include pension regulation (ERISA), controls on medical care
costs, minimum standards for no-fault automobile insurance, national health
insurance, personal privacy protection, tax law changes affecting life insurance
companies or the relative desirability of various personal investment vehicles
and repeal of the current antitrust exemption for the insurance business. (If
this exemption is eliminated, it will substantially affect the way premium rates
are set by all property-liability insurers.) In addition, the Federal government
operates in some cases as a co-insurer with the private sector insurance
companies.
Insurance companies are also affected by a variety of state and Federal
regulatory measures and judicial decisions that define and extend the risks and
benefits for which insurance is sought and provided. These include judicial
redefinitions of risk exposure in areas such as products liability and state and
Federal extension and protection of employee benefits, including pension,
workers' compensation, and disability benefits. These developments may result in
short-term adverse effects on the profitability of various lines of insurance.
Longer-term adverse effects can often be minimized through prompt repricing of
coverages and revision of policy terms. In some instances these developments may
create new opportunities for business growth. All insurance companies write
policies and set premiums based on actuarial assumptions about mortality,
injury, the occurrence of accidents and other insured events. These assumptions,
while well supported by past experience, necessarily do not take account of
future events. The occurrence in the future of unforeseen circumstances could
affect the financial condition of one or more insurance companies. The insurance
business is highly competitive and with the deregulation of financial service
businesses, it should become more competitive. In addition, insurance companies
may expand into non-traditional lines of business which may involve different
types of risks.
The above financial information relating to the Insurance Companies has
been obtained from publicly available information. No representation is made as
to the accuracy or adequacy of the information or as to the absence of material
adverse changes since the information was made available to the public.
Standard & Poor's has rated the Units of any Insured Trust AAA because the
Insurance Companies have insured the Debt Obligations. The assignment of such
AAA ratings is due to Standard & Poor's assessment of the creditworthiness of
the Insurance Companies and of their ability to pay claims on their policies of
insurance. In the event that Standard & Poor's reassesses the creditworthiness
of any Insurance Company which would result in
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the rating of an Insured Trust being reduced, the Sponsors are authorized to
direct the Trustee to obtain other insurance (see Expenses and Charges).
LITIGATION AND LEGISLATION
To the best knowledge of the Sponsors, there is no litigation pending as of
the Initial Date of Deposit in respect of any Debt Obligations which might
reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect upon the Trusts
comprising the Fund. At any time after the Initial Date of Deposit, litigation
may be initiated on a variety of grounds with respect to Debt Obligations in any
Trust. Litigation, for example, challenging the issuance of pollution control
revenue bonds under environmental protection statutes may affect the validity of
Debt Obligations or the tax-free nature of their interest. While the outcome of
litigation of this nature can never be entirely predicted, opinions of bond
counsel are delivered on the date of issuance of each Debt Obligation to the
effect that the Debt Obligation has been validly issued and that the interest
thereon is exempt from Federal income tax. In addition, other factors may arise
from time to time which potentially may impair the ability of issuers to make
payments due on Debt Obligations.
Under the Federal Bankruptcy Act, a political subdivision or public agency
or instrumentality of any state, including municipalities, may proceed to
restructure or otherwise alter the terms of its obligations, including those of
the type comprising the Portfolios. The Sponsors are unable to predict what
effect, if any, this legislation will have on the Trusts.
From time to time Congress considers proposals to tax the interest on State
and local obligations, such as the Debt Obligations. The Supreme Court clarified
in South Carolina v. Baker (decided April 20, 1988) that the U.S. Constitution
does not prohibit Congress from passing a non-discriminatory tax on interest on
State and local obligations. This type of legislation, if enacted into law,
could adversely affect an investment in Units. Holders are urged to consult
their own tax advisers.
PAYMENT OF THE DEBT OBLIGATIONS AND LIFE OF THE FUND
Because certain of the Debt Obligations from time to time may be redeemed
or prepaid or will mature in accordance with their terms or may be sold under
certain circumstances described herein, no assurance can be given that any Trust
will retain for any length of time its present size and composition (see
Redemption). Many of the Debt Obligations may be subject to redemption prior to
their stated maturity dates pursuant to optional refunding or sinking fund
redemption provisions or otherwise. In general, optional refunding redemption
provisions are more likely to be exercised when the offer side evaluation is at
a premium over par than when it is at a discount from par. Generally, the offer
side evaluation of Debt Obligations will be at a premium over par when market
interest rates fall below the coupon rate on the Debt Obligations. The
percentage of the face amount of Debt Obligations in each Portfolio which were
acquired on the Date of Deposit at an offer side evaluation in excess of par is
set forth under Investment Summary. Certain Debt Obligations in the Portfolios
may be subject to sinking fund provisions early in the life of the Trusts. These
provisions are designed to redeem a significant portion of an issue gradually
over the life of the issue; obligations to be redeemed are generally chosen by
lot. The Portfolios contain a listing of the sinking fund and optional
redemption provisions with respect to the Debt
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Obligations. Additionally, the size and composition of the Fund will be affected
by the level of redemptions of Units that may occur from time to time and the
consequent sale of Debt Obligations (see Redemption). Principally, this will
depend upon the number of Holders seeking to sell or redeem their Units and
whether or not the Sponsors continue to reoffer Units acquired by them in the
secondary market. Factors that the Sponsors will consider in the future in
determining to cease offering Units acquired in the secondary market include,
among other things, the diversity of the portfolio remaining at that time, the
size of the Fund relative to its original size, the ratio of Fund expenses to
income, the Fund's current and long-term returns and the degree to which Units
may be selling at a premium over par relative to other funds sponsored by the
Sponsors, and the cost of maintaining a current prospectus for the Fund. These
factors may also lead the Sponsors to seek to terminate the Fund earlier than
would otherwise be the case (see Administration of the Fund--Amendment and
Termination).
TAX EXEMPTION
In the opinion of bond counsel rendered on the date of issuance of each
Debt Obligation, the interest on each Debt Obligation is excludable from gross
income under existing law for regular Federal income tax purposes (except in
certain circumstances depending on the Holder) but may be subject to state and
local taxes. As discussed under Taxes below, interest on some or all of the Debt
Obligations may become subject to regular Federal income tax, perhaps
retroactively to their date of issuance, as a result of changes in Federal law
or as a result of the failure of issuers (or other users of the proceeds of the
Debt Obligations) to comply with certain ongoing requirements.
Moreover, the Internal Revenue Service announced on June 14, 1993 that it
will be expanding its examination program with respect to tax-exempt bonds. The
expanded examination program will consist of, among other measures, increased
enforcement against abusive transactions, broader audit coverage (including the
expected issuance of audit guidelines) and expanded compliance achieved by means
of expected revisions to the tax-exempt bond information return forms. At this
time, it is uncertain whether the tax-exempt status of any of the Debt
Obligations would be affected by such proceedings, or whether such effect, if
any, would be retroactive.
In certain cases, a Debt Obligation may provide that if the interest on the
Debt Obligation should ultimately be determined to be taxable, the Debt
Obligation would become due and payable by its issuer, and, in addition, may
provide that any related letter of credit or other security could be called upon
if the issuer failed to satisfy all or part of its obligation. In other cases,
however, a Debt Obligation may not provide for the acceleration or redemption of
the Debt Obligation or a call upon the related letter of credit or other
security upon a determination of taxability. In those cases in which a Debt
Obligation does not provide for acceleration or redemption or in which both the
issuer and the bank or other entity issuing the letter of credit or other
security are unable to meet their obligations to pay the amounts due on the Debt
Obligation as a result of a determination of taxability, the Trustee would be
obligated to sell the Debt Obligation and, since it would be sold as a taxable
security, it is expected that it would have to be sold at a substantial discount
from current market price. In addition, as mentioned above, under certain
circumstances Holders could be required to pay income tax on interest received
prior to the date on which the interest is determined to be taxable.
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STATE RISK FACTORS
Investors should consult the Appendix to this Prospectus for information on
specific States.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUND
THE PORTFOLIOS
The Portfolio of each Trust contains different issues of debt obligations
with fixed final maturity dates. See Investment Summary for a summary of
particular matters relating to the Portfolio.
Each security and issuer must be approved by Defined Asset Funds research
analysts. Since 1970, the Sponsors have purchased more than $90 billion of
securities for Defined Asset Funds. Experienced professional buyers and research
analysts for Defined Asset Funds, with access to thousands of different issues
and extensive information, who are in close contact with the markets for
suitable securities, select securities for deposit in the Trusts considering the
following factors, among others: (i) whether the Debt Obligations were rated in
the category A or better by either Standard & Poor's or Moody's Investors
Service, Inc. ('Moody's') (or had, in the opinion of Defined Asset Funds
research analysts, comparable credit characteristics) or, for an Insured Trust,
whether the Debt Obligations (as insured) were rated AAA by Standard & Poor's
(see Description of Ratings); (ii) the yield and price of the Debt Obligations
relative to other comparable debt securities; and (iii) the diversification of
the Portfolio of each Trust as to purpose of issue, taking into account the
availability in the market of issues that meet the Fund's criteria. Subsequent
to the Initial Date of Deposit, a Debt Obligation may cease to be rated or its
rating may be reduced. Neither event requires an elimination of that Debt
Obligation from the Portfolio of a Trust, but may be considered in the Sponsors'
determination to direct the disposal of the Debt Obligation (see Administration
of the Fund--Portfolio Supervision). There is no leverage or borrowing to
increase risk, nor is the Portfolio modified with other kinds of securities to
enhance yields.
The yields on debt obligations of the type deposited in the Trusts are
dependent on a variety of factors, including general money market conditions,
general conditions of the municipal bond market, size of a particular offering,
the maturity of the obligation and rating of the issue. The ratings represent
the opinions of the rating organizations as to the quality of the debt
obligations that they undertake to rate. It should be emphasized, however, that
ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently,
debt obligations with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different
yields, while debt obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different
ratings may have the same yield.
Each Trust consists of the Securities (or contracts to purchase the
Securities) listed under its Portfolio (including any replacement debt
obligations and Additional Securities deposited in the Trust in connection with
the sale of additional Units to the public as described below) as long as they
may continue to be held from time to time in the Trust, together with accrued
and undistributed interest thereon and undistributed and uninvested cash
realized from the disposition or redemption of Securities (see Administration of
the Fund--Portfolio Supervision).
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The Indenture authorizes the Sponsors to increase the size and the number
of Units of each Trust by the deposit of Additional Securities and the issue of
a corresponding number of additional Units subsequent to the Initial Date of
Deposit provided that the original relationship among the face amounts of
Securities of specified interest rates and maturities is maintained subject to
certain events (Sections 3.07, 3.08 and 3.10). Also, Securities may be sold
under certain circumstances. (See Redemption; Administration of the
Fund--Portfolio Supervision). As a result, the aggregate face amount of the
Securities in the Portfolio will vary over time.
Each portfolio is divided into Units, representing equal shares of
underlying assets. On the Initial Date of Deposit each Unit represented the
fractional undivided interest in a Trust set forth under Investment Summary.
Thereafter, if any Units are redeemed by the Trustee the face amount of
Securities in the Trust will be reduced by amounts allocable to redeemed Units,
and the fractional undivided interest represented by each Unit in the balance
will be increased. However, if additional Units are issued by the Trust, the
aggregate value of Securities in the Trust will be increased by amounts
allocable to additional Units and the fractional undivided interest represented
by each Unit in the balance will be decreased. Units will remain outstanding
until redeemed upon tender to the Trustee by any Holder (which may include the
Sponsors) or until the termination of the Indenture (see Redemption;
Administration of the Fund--Amendment and Termination).
Neither the Sponsors nor the Trustee shall be liable in any way for any
default, failure or defect in any Security. In the event of a failure to deliver
any Debt Obligation that has been purchased for the Trust under a contract
deposited hereunder ('Failed Debt Obligation'), including any Debt Obligation
purchased on a when, as and if issued basis, the Sponsors are authorized under
the Indenture to direct the Trustee to acquire replacement obligations
substantially similar to those originally contracted for and not delivered to
make up the original Portfolio of the Trust. If replacement obligations are not
acquired, the Sponsors will, on or before the next following Distribution Day,
cause to be refunded the attributable sales charge, plus the attributable Cost
of Debt Obligations to Trust listed under Portfolio, plus interest attributable
to the Failed Debt Obligations. (See Administration of the Fund--Portfolio
Supervision.)
INCOME; ESTIMATED CURRENT RETURN; ESTIMATED LONG TERM RETURN
Generally. Each Unit receives an equal share of monthly distributions of
interest income and of any principal distributions as bonds mature or are
called, redeemed or sold. The estimated net annual interest rate per Unit of
each Trust on the business day prior to the date of this Prospectus is set forth
under Investment Summary. This rate shows the percentage return based on $1,000
face amount per Unit, after deducting estimated annual fees and expenses
expressed as a percentage. This rate will change as Securities mature, are
exchanged, redeemed, paid or sold as replacement obligations are purchased, as
Additional Securities are deposited and, as the expenses of the Trust change.
Because the Portfolio is not actively managed, the Fund's income distributions
would not necessarily be affected by changes in interest rates. Depending on the
financial condition of the issuers, the amount of tax-free monthly income from
fixed income obligations in the Portfolio would be substantially maintained as
long as the Portfolio remains unchanged. However, optional bond redemptions or
other Portfolio changes may occur more frequently when interest rates decline,
which would result in early return of principal.
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The Sponsors deliver to the Trustee on the Initial Date of Deposit and on
each subsequent date of deposit a letter or letters of credit in the amount of
the cost (plus accrued interest) of Securities to be acquired pursuant to
contracts deposited in the Trusts. The Trustee may draw down on this letter of
credit at any time and deposit the cash so drawn in a non-interest bearing
account for the Trusts. The Trustee has the use of these funds, on which it pays
no interest, for the period prior to its purchase of when-issued and
delayed-delivery Securities. The use of these funds compensates the Trustee for
the reduction of the Trustee's Annual Fee and Expenses.
Interest on the Securities in each Trust, less estimated fees of the
Trustee and Sponsors and certain other expenses, is expected to accrue at the
daily rate (based on a 360-day year) shown under Investment Summary. The actual
daily rate will vary as Securities are exchanged, redeemed, paid or sold or as
the expenses of the Fund change.
The Estimated Current Return and the Estimated Long Term Return on the
business day prior to the date of this Prospectus are set forth under Investment
Summary and give different information about the return to investors. Estimated
Current Return on a Unit represents annual cash receipts from coupon-bearing
debt obligations in the Trust's Portfolio (after estimated annual expenses)
divided by the Public Offering Price (including the sales charge). A table of
projected cash flows on each Trust will be made available on request to the
Agent for the Sponsors.
Unlike Estimated Current Return, Estimated Long Term Return is a measure of
the estimated return to the investor earned over the estimated life of the
Trust. The Estimated Long Term Return represents an average of the yields to
maturity (or earliest call date for obligations trading at prices above the
particular call price) of the Debt Obligations in the Portfolio, calculated in
accordance with accepted bond practice and adjusted to reflect expenses and
sales charges. Under accepted bond practice, bonds are customarily offered to
investors on a 'yield price' basis, which involves computation of yield to
maturity (or earlier call date), and which takes into account not only the
interest payable on the bonds but also the amortization or accretion to a
specified date of any premium over or discount from the par (maturity) value in
the bond's purchase price. In calculating Estimated Long Term Return, the
average yield for the Portfolio is derived by weighting each Debt Obligation's
yield by the market value of the Debt Obligation and by the amount of time
remaining to the date to which the Debt Obligation is priced. Once the average
Portfolio yield is computed, this figure is then adjusted for estimated expenses
and the effect of the maximum sales charge paid by investors. The Estimated Long
Term Return calculation does not take into account certain delays in
distributions of income and the timing of other receipts and distributions on
Units and may, depending on maturities, over or understate the impact of sales
charges. Both of these factors may result in a lower figure.
While relatively fixed at the time of purchase, both Estimated Current
Return and Estimated Long Term Return are subject to fluctuation with changes in
Portfolio composition, (including the redemption, sale or other disposition of
Debt Obligations in the Portfolio), changes in market value of the underlying
Debt Obligations and changes in fees and expenses, including sales charges, and
therefore can be materially different than the figures set forth herein. The
size of any difference between Estimated Current Return and Estimated Long Term
Return can also be expected to fluctuate at least as frequently. In addition,
both return figures may not be directly comparable
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to yield figures used to measure other investments, and since the return figures
are based on certain assumptions and variables the actual returns received by a
Unitholder may be higher or lower.
Sales charges on Defined Asset Funds range from under 1.0% to 5.5%. This
may be less than you might pay to buy a comparable mutual fund. These Funds have
no 12b-1 or back-end load fees. While sales charges on certain Defined Funds are
deferred, only the previously accrued but unpaid portion of the sales charge is
deducted from sales proceeds. Defined Funds can be a cost-effective way to
purchase and hold investments. Annual operating expenses are generally lower
than for managed funds. Because Defined Funds have no management fees, limited
transaction costs and no ongoing marketing expenses, operating expenses are
generally less than 0.25% per year. When compounded annually, small differences
in expense ratios can make a big difference in earnings.
Accrued Interest. In addition to the Public Offering Price, the price of a
Unit of a Trust includes accrued interest on the Securities from the Initial
Date of Deposit. The accrued interest that is added to the Public Offering Price
represents the amount of accrued interest on the Securities from the Initial
Date of Deposit to, but not including, the settlement date for Units. However,
Securities deposited in a Trust also include accrued but unpaid interest up to
the Initial Date of Deposit. To avoid having Holders pay this additional accrued
interest (which earns no return) when they purchase Units, the Trustee is
responsible for the payment of accrued interest on the Debt Obligations to the
Initial Date of Deposit and then recovers this amount from the earliest interest
payments received by the Trust. Thus, the Sponsors can sell the Units at a price
that includes interest from the Initial Date of Deposit to the settlement date
for the Units.
Additionally, interest on the Debt Obligations in a Trust is paid on a
semi-annual (or less frequently, annual) basis. Therefore, it may take several
months after the Initial Date of Deposit for the Trustee to receive sufficient
interest payments on the Securities to begin distributions to Holders (see
Investment Summary for estimates of the amounts of the first and following
Monthly Income Distributions). Further, because interest on the Securities is
not received by a Trust at a constant rate throughout the year, any Monthly
Income Distribution may be more or less than the interest actually received by
the Trust. In order to eliminate fluctuations, the Trustee is required to
advance the amounts necessary to provide approximately equal Monthly Income
Distributions. The Trustee will be reimbursed, without interest, for these
advances from interest received on the Securities. Therefore, to account for
those factors, accrued interest is always added to the value of the Units. And,
because of the varying interest payment dates of the Securities, accrued
interest at any time will be greater than the amount of interest actually
received by the Trust and distributed to Holders. If a Holder sells all or a
portion of his Units, he will receive his proportionate share of the accrued
interest from the purchaser of his Units. Similarly, if a Holder redeems all or
a portion of his Units, the Redemption Price per Unit will include accrued
interest on the Securities. And if a Security is sold, redeemed or otherwise
disposed of, accrued interest will be received by the Trust and will be
distributed periodically to Holders.
Certain Debt Obligations may have been purchased on a when, as and if
issued basis or may have a delayed delivery (see Investment Summary). Holders of
Units will be 'at risk' with respect to these Debt Obligations (i.e., may derive
either gain or loss from fluctuations in the offer side evaluation of the Debt
Obligations) from the date
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they commit for Units. Since interest on when-issued and delayed-delivery Debt
Obligations does not begin accruing to the benefit of Holders until their
respective dates of delivery, in order to provide tax exempt income to the
Holders for this non-accrual period, the Trustee's Annual Fee and Expenses (set
forth under Investment Summary) will be reduced by an amount equal to the amount
of interest that would have accrued on these Debt Obligations between the date
of settlement for the Units and the dates of delivery of the Debt Obligations.
The reduction of the Trustee's Annual Fee and Expenses eliminates the necessity
of reducing Monthly Income Distributions until when-issued or delayed-delivery
Debt Obligations are delivered and sufficient interest payments are received to
begin distributions to Holders. Should when-issued Debt Obligations be issued
later than the expected date of issue, the amount of the reduction will be equal
to the amount of interest which would have accrued on the Debt Obligations
between the expected date of issue and the actual date of issue. If the amount
of the Trustee's Annual Fee and Expenses is inadequate to cover the additional
accrued interest, the Sponsors will treat the contracts as failed contracts.
TAXES
The following discussion addresses only the tax consequences of Units held
as capital assets and does not address the tax consequences of Units held by
dealers, financial institutions or insurance companies.
In the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell, special counsel for the Sponsors,
under existing law:
The Trusts are not associations taxable as corporations for Federal
income tax purposes, and income received by the Trusts will be treated as
the income of the Holders in the manner set forth below.
Each Holder of Units of a Trust will be considered the owner of a pro
rata portion of each Debt Obligation in the Trust under the grantor trust
rules of Sections 671-679 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the 'Code'). In order to determine the face amount of a Holder's pro rata
portion of each Debt Obligation on the Initial Date of Deposit, see Face
Amount under Portfolio. The total cost to a Holder of his Units, including
sales charges, is allocated to his pro rata portion of each Debt
Obligation, in proportion to the fair market values thereof on the date the
Holder purchases his Units, in order to determine his tax basis for his pro
rata portion of each Debt Obligation. In order for a Holder who purchases
his Units on the Initial Date of Deposit to determine the fair market value
of his pro rata portion of each Debt Obligation on such date, see Cost of
Debt Obligations to Trust under Portfolio.
Each Holder of Units of a Trust will be considered to have received the
interest on his pro rata portion of each Debt Obligation when interest on
the Debt Obligation is received by the Trust. In the opinion of bond
counsel (delivered on the date of issuance of each Debt Obligation), such
interest will be excludable from gross income for regular Federal income
tax purposes (except in certain limited circumstances referred to below).
Amounts received by a Trust pursuant to a bank letter of credit, guarantee
or insurance policy with respect to payments of principal, premium or
interest on a Debt Obligation in the Trust will be treated for Federal
income tax purposes in the same manner as if such amounts were paid by the
issuer of the Debt Obligation.
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The Trusts may contain Debt Obligations which were originally issued at
a discount ('original issue discount'). The following principles will apply
to each Holder's pro rata portion of any Debt Obligation originally issued
at a discount. In general, original issue discount is defined as the
difference between the price at which a debt obligation was issued and its
stated redemption price at maturity. Original issue discount on a
tax-exempt obligation issued after September 3, 1982, is deemed to accrue
as tax-exempt interest over the life of the obligation under a formula
based on the compounding of interest. Original issue discount on a tax-
exempt obligation issued before July 2, 1982 is deemed to accrue as
tax-exempt interest ratably over the life of the obligation. Original issue
discount on any tax-exempt obligation issued during the period beginning
July 2, 1982 and ending September 3, 1982 is also deemed to accrue as
tax-exempt interest over the life of the obligation, although it is not
clear whether such accrual is ratable or is determined under a formula
based on the compounding of interest. If a Holder's tax basis for his pro
rata portion of a Debt Obligation issued with original issue discount is
greater than its 'adjusted issue price' but less than its stated redemption
price at maturity (as may be adjusted for certain payments), the Holder
will be considered to have purchased his pro rata portion of the Debt
Obligation at an 'acquisition premium.' A Holder's adjusted tax basis for
his pro rata portion of the Debt Obligation issued with original issue
discount will include original issue discount accrued during the period
such Holder held his Units. Such increases to the Holder's tax basis in his
pro rata portion of the Debt Obligation resulting from the accrual of
original issue discount, however, will be reduced by the amount of any such
acquisition premium.
If a Holder's tax basis for his pro rata portion of a Debt Obligation in
the Holder's Trust exceeds the redemption price at maturity thereof
(subject to certain adjustments), the Holder will be considered to have
purchased his pro rata portion of the Debt Obligation with 'amortizable
bond premium'. The Holder is required to amortize such premium over the
term of the Debt Obligation. Such amortization is only a reduction of basis
for his pro rata portion of the Debt Obligation and does not result in any
deduction against the Holder's income. Therefore, under some circumstances,
a Holder may recognize taxable gain when his pro rata portion of a Debt
Obligation is disposed of for an amount equal to or less than his original
tax basis therefor.
A Holder will recognize taxable gain or loss when all or part of his pro
rata portion of a Debt Obligation in his Trust is disposed of by the Trust
for an amount greater or less than his adjusted tax basis. Any such taxable
gain or loss will be capital gain or loss, except that any gain from the
disposition of a Holder's pro rata portion of a Debt Obligation acquired by
the Holder at a 'market discount' (i.e., where the Holder's original tax
basis for his pro rata portion of the Debt Obligation (plus any original
issue discount which will accrue thereon until its maturity) is less than
its stated redemption price at maturity) would be treated as ordinary
income to the extent the gain does not exceed the accrued market discount.
Capital gains are generally taxed at the same rate as ordinary income.
However, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term
capital losses may be taxed at a lower rate than ordinary income for
certain noncorporate taxpayers. A capital gain or loss is long-term if the
asset is held for more than one year and short-term if held for one year or
less. The deduction of capital losses is subject to limitations. A Holder
will also be considered to have disposed of all or part of his pro rata
portion of each Debt Obligation when he sells or redeems all or some of his
Units.
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Under Section 265 of the Code, a Holder (except a corporate Holder) is
not entitled to a deduction for his pro rata share of fees and expenses of
a Trust because the fees and expenses are incurred in connection with the
production of tax-exempt income. Further, if borrowed funds are used by a
Holder to purchase or carry Units of any Trust, interest on such
indebtedness will not be deductible for Federal income tax purposes. In
addition, under rules used by the Internal Revenue Service, the purchase of
Units may be considered to have been made with borrowed funds even though
the borrowed funds are not directly traceable to the purchase of Units.
Similar rules may be applicable for state tax purposes.
Holders will be taxed in the manner described above regardless of
whether distributions from the Trusts are actually received by the Holders
or are automatically reinvested in the Municipal Fund Accumulation Program,
Inc.
From time to time proposals are introduced in Congress and state
legislatures which, if enacted into law, could have an adverse impact on
the tax-exempt status of the Debt Obligations. It is impossible to predict
whether any legislation in respect of the tax status of interest on such
obligations may be proposed and eventually enacted at the Federal or state
level.
The foregoing discussion relates only to Federal income taxes. For
information about certain state taxes of the states for which the Trusts
are named, investors should consult the Appendix to this Prospectus.
Holders may be subject to state and local taxation in such states or in
other jurisdictions, and should consult their own tax advisers in this
regard.
* * * * *
Interest on certain tax-exempt bonds issued after August 7, 1986 will be a
preference item for purposes of the alternative minimum tax ('AMT'). The
Sponsors believe that interest (including any original issue discount) on the
Debt Obligations should not be subject to the AMT for individuals or
corporations under this rule. A corporate Holder should be aware, however, that
the accrual or receipt of tax-exempt interest not subject to the AMT may give
rise to an alternative minimum tax liability (or increase an existing liability)
because the interest income will be included in the corporation's 'adjusted
current earnings' for purposes of the adjustment to alternative minimum taxable
income required by Section 56(g) of the Code, and will be taken into account for
purposes of the environmental tax on corporations under Section 59A of the Code,
which is based on alternative minimum taxable income. In addition, interest on
the Debt Obligations must be taken into consideration in computing the portion,
if any, of social security benefits that will be included in an individual's
gross income and subject to Federal income tax. Holders are urged to consult
their own tax advisers concerning an investment in Units.
At the time of issuance of each Debt Obligation in each Trust, an opinion
relating to the validity of the Debt Obligation and to the exemption of interest
thereon from regular Federal income taxes and personal income taxes of the State
for which the Trust is named was or will be rendered by bond counsel. Neither
the Sponsors, Davis Polk & Wardwell nor any of the special counsel for state tax
matters have made or will make any review of the proceedings relating to the
issuance of the Debt Obligations or the basis for these opinions. The tax
exemption is dependent upon the issuer's (and other users') compliance with
certain ongoing requirements, and the opinion of bond counsel assumes that these
requirements will be complied with. However, there can be no assurance that the
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issuer (and other users) will comply with these requirements, in which event the
interest on the Debt Obligation could be determined to be taxable retroactively
from the date of issuance.
In the case of certain of the Debt Obligations, the opinions of bond
counsel indicate that interest on such Debt Obligations received by a
'substantial user' of the facilities being financed with the proceeds of such
Debt Obligations, or persons related thereto, for periods while such Debt
Obligations are held by such a user or related person, will not be exempt from
regular Federal income taxes, although interest on such Debt Obligations
received by others would be exempt from regular Federal income taxes.
'Substantial user' is defined under U.S. Treasury Regulations to include only a
person whose gross revenue derived with respect to the facilities financed by
the issuance of bonds is more than 5% of the total revenue derived by all users
of such facilities, or who occupies more than 5% of the usable area of such
facilities or for whom such facilities or a part thereof were specifically
constructed, reconstructed or acquired. 'Related persons' are defined to include
certain related natural persons, affiliated corporations, partners and
partnerships. Similar rules may be applicable for state tax purposes.
After the end of each calendar year, the Trustee will furnish to each
Holder an annual statement containing information relating to the interest
received by the Trust on the Debt Obligations, the gross proceeds received by
the Trust from the disposition of any Debt Obligation (resulting from redemption
or payment at maturity of any Debt Obligation or the sale by the Trust of any
Debt Obligation), and the fees and expenses paid by the Trust. The Trustee will
also furnish annual information returns to each Holder and to the Internal
Revenue Service. Holders are required to report to the Internal Revenue Service
the amount of tax-exempt interest received during the year.
PUBLIC SALE OF UNITS
PUBLIC OFFERING PRICE
INITIAL OFFERING PERIOD
The Public Offering Price of the Units of a Trust during the initial offer
period and any offering of additional Units is computed by dividing the offer
side evaluation of the Securities in the Trust (as determined by the Evaluator)
by the number of Units of the Trust outstanding and adding thereto the sales
charge at the applicable percentage stated below of the offer side evaluation
per Unit (the net amount invested). The Public Offering Price of the Units of a
Trust on the date of this Prospectus or on any subsequent date will vary from
the Public Offering Price of the Trust on the business day prior to the date of
this Prospectus (set forth under Investment Summary) in accordance with
fluctuations in the evaluations of the underlying Securities.
The following table sets forth the applicable percentage of sales charge,
the concession to dealers and the concession to introducing dealers (i.e.,
dealers that buy and clear directly through a Sponsor or an Underwriter who is
an affiliate of a Sponsor). These amounts are reduced on a graduated scale for
sales to any purchaser of at least 250 Units and will be applied on whichever
basis is more favorable to the purchaser. To qualify for the reduced sales
charge and concession applicable to quantity purchases, the dealer must confirm
that the sale is to a
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single purchaser as defined below or is purchased for its own account and not
for distribution. Sales charges and dealer concessions are as follows:
SALES CHARGE
(GROSS UNDERWRITING PROFIT)
-------------------------------- DEALER
AS PERCENT OF CONCESSION AS PRIMARY MARKET
OFFER SIDE AS PERCENT OF PERCENT OF CONCESSION TO
OF PUBLIC NET AMOUNT PUBLIC INTRODUCING
UNITS OFFERING PRICE INVESTED OFFERING PRICE DEALERS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less than 250... 4.5% 4.712% 2.925% $ 32.40
250 - 499....... 3.5 3.627 2.275 25.20
500 - 749....... 3.0 3.093 1.950 21.60
750 - 999....... 2.5 2.564 1.625 18.00
1,000 or more... 2.0 2.041 1.300 14.40
The above graduated sales charges will apply on all purchases of Units of a
Trust on any one day during the initial offering period by the same purchaser of
Units only in the amounts stated. These purchases will not be aggregated with
concurrent purchases of any other unit trusts sponsored by the Sponsors. Units
held in the name of the spouse of the purchaser or in the name of a child of the
purchaser under 21 years of age are deemed to be registered in the name of the
purchaser. The graduated sales charges are also applicable to a trustee or other
fiduciary purchasing securities for a single trust estate or single fiduciary
account.
On any subsequent purchase of Units of a Trust during its initial offering
period, the sales charge on that purchase will be determined based on the
aggregate number of Units purchased on that and any previous purchase date. To
be eligible for this right of accumulation, the purchaser or his securities
dealer must notify the Sponsors at the time of purchase that such purchase
qualifies for this right of accumulation and supply sufficient information to
permit confirmation of qualification. Acceptance of the purchase order is
subject to such confirmation. This right of accumulation may be amended or
terminated at any time without notice.
SECONDARY MARKET
The Public Offering Price in the secondary market reflects sales charges
which may be at different rates depending on the maturities of the various bonds
in the Portfolio. The Public Offering Price per Unit will be computed by adding
to the Evaluator's determination of the bid side evaluation of each Security, a
sales charge at a rate based on the time to maturity of that Security as
described below, and dividing the sum of these calculations for all Securities
in the Portfolio by the number of Units outstanding. For this purpose, a
Security will be considered to mature on its stated maturity date unless: (a)
the Security has been called for redemption or funds or securities have been
placed in escrow to redeem it on an earlier call date, in which case the call
date will be used; or (b) the Security is subject to a mandatory tender, in
which case the mandatory tender date will be used.
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SALES CHARGE
(AS PERCENT (AS PERCENT
TIME TO OF BID SIDE OF PUBLIC
MATURITY EVALUATION) OFFERING PRICE)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less than six months 0% 0%
Six months to 1 year 0.756% 0.75%
Over 1 year to 2 years 1.523% 1.50%
Over 2 years to 4 years 2.564% 2.50%
Over 4 years to 8 years 3.627% 3.50%
Over 8 years to 15 years 4.712% 4.50%
Over 15 years 5.820% 5.50%
The total sales charge per Unit, as a percent of the Public Offering Price,
is referred to below as the 'Effective Sales Charge'. For example, a Fund
consisting entirely of Securities maturing in more than 8 but no more than 15
years would have an Effective Sales Charge of 4.50% of the Public Offering Price
(4.712% of the net amount invested) while a Fund consisting entirely of
Securities maturing in more than 15 years would have an Effective Sales Charge
of 5.50% of the Public Offering Price (5.820% of the net amount invested) and so
forth. A Fund consisting of Securities in each of these maturity ranges would
have an Effective Sales Charge between these rates.
The sales charge per Unit will be reduced on a graduated scale for sales to
any single purchaser, as described above, on a single day of specified numbers
of Units set forth below. The number of units of other series sponsored by the
Sponsors (or an equivalent number in case of units originally offered at about
$1, $10 or $100 each), purchased in the secondary market on the same day will be
added in determining eligibility for this reduction, provided that only units of
series with Effective Sales Charges within a range of 0.5% of their public
offering prices will be eligible. For example, if an investor purchases units of
three series of Municipal Investment Trust Fund in the secondary market on the
same day--200 units with an Effective Sales Charge of 3.4%, 200 units with an
Effective Sales Charge of 3.6% and 100 units with an Effective Sales Charge of
3.9%, he would be entitled to a 40% reduction on each sales charge (an actual
sales charge of 60% of each Effective Sales Charge based on purchase of 500
units). If the lowest sales charge was 3.3%, the purchaser would only be
entitled to a
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20% reduction on two of those purchases (actual sales charge of 80% of Effective
Sales Charge based on purchase of more than 249 units). The reduction will be
applied on whichever basis is more favorable for the purchaser.
ACTUAL SALES CHARGE DEALER CONCESSION AS
AS % OF EFFECTIVE % OF EFFECTIVE SALES
SALES CHARGE CHARGE DETERMINED
NUMBER OF UNITS DETERMINED ABOVE ABOVE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1-249 100% 65%
250-499 80% 52%
500-749 60% 39%
750-999 45% 29.25%
1,000 or more 35% 22.75%
To qualify for the reduced sales charge and concession applicable to quantity
purchases, the selling dealer must confirm that the sale is to a single
purchaser, as described above, or is purchased for its own account and not for
distribution.
PRICE PAID BY PURCHASERS
In both the initial offering period and the secondary market, a
proportionate share of any cash held by the Fund in the Capital Account not
allocated to the purchase of specific Securities and net accrued and
undistributed interest on the Securities to the date of delivery of the Units to
the purchaser is added to the Public Offering Price.
Employees of certain of the Sponsors and their affiliates and non-employee
directors of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. may purchase Units of this Fund at prices
based on a reduced sales charge of not less than $5.00 per Unit.
Evaluations of the Securities are determined by the Evaluator taking into
account the same factors referred to under Redemption--Computation of Redemption
Price per Unit. The determinations are made each business day as of the
Evaluation Time set forth under Investment Summary, effective for all sales made
since the last of these evaluations (Section 4.01). With respect to the
evaluation of Debt Obligations during their initial syndicate offering period,
the 'current offering price', as determined by the Evaluator, will normally be
equal to the syndicate offering price as of the Evaluation Time, unless the
Evaluator determines that a material event has occurred which it believes may
result in the syndicate offering price not accurately reflecting the market
value of the Debt Obligations, in which case the Evaluator, in making its
determination, will consider not only the syndicate offering price but also the
factors described in (b) and (c) in the description of how the bid side
evaluation of the Securities is determined for purposes of redemption of Units
(see Redemption--Computation of Redemption Price per Unit). The term 'business
day', as used herein and under 'Redemption', shall exclude Saturdays, Sundays
and the following holidays as observed by the New York Stock Exchange: New
Year's Day, Washington's Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day,
Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas.
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COMPARISON OF PUBLIC OFFERING PRICE, SPONSORS' INITIAL REPURCHASE PRICE,
SECONDARY MARKET REPURCHASE PRICE AND REDEMPTION PRICE
On the business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit with respect to
each Trust the Public Offering Price per Unit (which includes the sales charge)
and the Sponsors' Initial Repurchase Price per Unit (each based on the offer
side evaluation of the Securities in the Fund--see above) exceeded the
Redemption Price per Unit (based on the bid side evaluation thereof--see
Redemption) by the amounts set forth under Investment Summary.
The initial Public Offering Price per Unit of the Trust and the initial
Repurchase Price are based on the offer side evaluations of the Securities. The
secondary market Public Offering Price and the Sponsors' Repurchase Price in the
secondary market are based on bid side evaluations of the Securities. In the
past, the bid prices of publicly offered tax-exempt issues have been lower than
the offer prices by as much as 3 1/2% or more of face amount in the case of
inactively traded issues and as little as 1/2 of 1% in the case of actively
traded issues, but the difference between the offer and bid prices has averaged
between 1 and 2% of face amount; the amount of this difference as of the
Evaluation Time on the business day prior to the Initial Date of Deposit, as
determined by the Evaluator, is set forth under the Portfolio of each Trust. For
this and other reasons (including fluctuations in the market prices of the
Securities and the fact that the Public Offering Price includes the sales
charge), the amount realized by a Holder upon any sale or redemption of Units
may be less than the price paid by him for the Units.
PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION
During the initial offering period Units of the Trusts will be distributed
to the public at the Public Offering Price through the Underwriting Account set
forth under Investment Summary and dealers. The initial offering period is 30
days or less if all Units are sold. So long as all Units initially offered have
not been sold, the Sponsors may extend the initial offering period for up to
four additional successive 30-day periods. Upon the completion of the initial
offering, Units which remain unsold or which may be acquired in the secondary
market (see Market for Units) may be offered directly to the public by this
Prospectus at the secondary market Public Offering Price determined in the
manner described above.
The Sponsors intend to qualify Units of each Trust for sale in the State
for which the Trust is named and in selected other states, through the
Underwriting Account and by dealers who are members of the National Association
of Securities Dealers, Inc. Only a Virginia Trust will be registered and offered
for sale in Virginia. The Sponsors do not intend to qualify Units for sale in
any foreign countries and this Prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell
Units in any country where Units cannot lawfully be sold. Sales to dealers and
to introducing dealers, if any, will initially be made at prices which represent
a concession of the applicable rate specified in the table above, but Merrill
Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as agent for the Sponsors ('Agent
for the Sponsors') reserves the right to change the rate of the concession to
dealers and the concession to introducing dealers from time to time. Any dealer
or introducing dealer may reallow a concession not in excess of the concession
to dealers.
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UNDERWRITERS' AND SPONSORS' PROFITS
Upon sale of the Units, the Underwriters named under Underwriting Account,
including the Sponsors, will receive sales charges at the rates set forth in the
table above. The Sponsors also realized a profit or loss on deposit of the
Securities in the Trusts in the amounts set forth under Investment Summary. This
is the difference between the cost of the Securities to the Trust (which is
based on the offer side evaluation of the Securities on the Initial Date of
Deposit) and the cost of the Securities to the Sponsors. The amounts of any
additional fees received in connection with the direct placement of certain Debt
Obligations deposited in the Portfolios are also set forth under Investment
Summary. On each subsequent deposit in connection with the creation of
additional Units, the Sponsors may also realize a profit or loss. In addition,
any Sponsor or Underwriter may realize profits or sustain losses in respect of
Debt Obligations deposited in the Trusts which were acquired by the Sponsor or
Underwriter from underwriting syndicates of which the Sponsor or Underwriter was
a member. During the offering period the Underwriting Account also may realize
profits or sustain losses as a result of fluctuations after the Initial Date of
Deposit in the Public Offering Price of the Units (see Investment Summary).
Cash, if any, made available by buyers of Units to the Sponsors prior to a
settlement date for the purchase of Units may be used in the Sponsors'
businesses subject to the limitations of Rule 15c3-3 under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and may be of benefit to the Sponsors.
In maintaining a market for the Units (see Market for Units), the Sponsors
will also realize profits or sustain losses in the amount of any difference
between the prices at which they buy Units (based on the bid side evaluation of
the Securities) and the prices at which they resell these Units (which include
the sales charge) or the prices at which they redeem the Units (based on the bid
side evaluation of the Securities), as the case may be.
MARKET FOR UNITS
During the initial offering period the Sponsors intend to offer to purchase
Units of this Series at prices based upon the offer side evaluation of the
Securities. Thereafter, while the Sponsors are not obligated to do so, it is
their intention to maintain a secondary market for Units of each Trust of this
Series and continuously to offer to purchase Units of each Trust of this Series
at prices, subject to change at any time, which will be computed based on the
bid side of the market, taking into account the same factors referred to in
determining the bid side evaluation of Securities for purposes of redemption
(see Redemption). This secondary market provides Holders with a fully liquid
investment. They can cash in units at any time without a fee. The Sponsors may
discontinue purchases of Units of any Trust at prices based on the bid side
evaluation of the Securities should the supply of Units exceed demand or for
other business reasons. In this event the Sponsors may nonetheless under certain
circumstances purchase Units, as a service to Holders, at prices based on the
current redemption prices for those Units (see Redemption). The Sponsors, of
course, do not in any way guarantee the enforceability, marketability or price
of any Securities in the Trusts or of the Units. Prospectuses relating to
certain other unit trusts indicate an intention, subject to change on the part
of the respective sponsors of such trusts, to purchase units of those trusts on
the basis of a price higher than the bid prices of the bonds in the trusts.
Consequently, depending upon the prices actually paid, the repurchase price of
other sponsors for units of their trusts may be computed on a somewhat more
favorable basis than the repurchase price offered by the Sponsors for Units of
this Series in
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<PAGE>
secondary market transactions. As in this Series, the purchase price per unit of
such unit trusts will depend primarily on the value of the bonds in the
portfolio of the trust.
The Sponsors may redeem any Units they have purchased in the secondary
market or through the Trustee in accordance with the procedures described below
if they determine it is undesirable to continue to hold these Units in their
inventories. Factors which the Sponsors will consider in making this
determination will include the number of units of all series of all funds which
they hold in their inventories, the saleability of the units and their estimate
of the time required to sell the units and general market conditions. For a
description of certain consequences of any redemption for remaining Holders, see
Redemption.
A Holder who wishes to dispose of his Units should inquire of his bank or
broker as to current market prices in order to determine if there exist
over-the-counter prices in excess of the repurchase price.
REDEMPTION
While it is anticipated that Units in most cases can be sold in the
over-the-counter market for an amount equal to the Redemption Price per Unit
(see Market for Units), Units may be redeemed at the office of the Trustee set
forth on the back cover of this Prospectus, upon tender on any business day, as
defined under Public Sale of Units-- Public Offering Price, of Certificates or,
in the case of uncertificated Units, delivery of a request for redemption, and
payment of any relevant tax, without any other fee (Section 5.02). Certificates
to be redeemed must be properly endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument
or instruments of transfer. Holders must sign exactly as their names appear on
the face of the Certificate with the signatures guaranteed by an eligible
guarantor institution, or in some other manner acceptable to the Trustee. In
certain instances the Trustee may require additional documents including, but
not limited to, trust instruments, certificates of death, appointments as
executor or administrator or certificates of corporate authority.
On the seventh calendar day following the tender (or if the seventh
calendar day is not a business day on the first business day prior thereto), the
Holder will be entitled to receive the proceeds of the redemption in an amount
per Unit equal to the Redemption Price per Unit (see below) as determined as of
the Evaluation Time next following the tender. The price received upon
redemption may be more or less than the amount paid by the Holder depending on
the value of the Securities in the Portfolio at the time of redemption.
Principal is normally distributed as bonds mature, or are called, redeemed, or
sold. Except for sales of Securities (which would be at then current market
prices) and subject to the bond issuers paying the amounts due, return of
principal to Holders who retain their Units until termination of the Trust
should be relatively unaffected by changes in interest rates. Of course, a gain
or loss could be recognized if Units are sold before then. So long as the
Sponsors are maintaining a market at prices not less than the Redemption Price
per Unit, the Sponsors will repurchase any Units tendered for redemption no
later than the close of business on the second business day following the tender
(see Market for Units). The Trustee is authorized in its discretion, if the
Sponsors do not elect to repurchase any Units tendered for redemption or if a
Sponsor tenders Units for redemption, to sell the Units in the over-the-counter
market at prices which will return to the Holder a net amount in cash equal to
or in excess of the Redemption Price per Unit for the Units (Section 5.02).
36
<PAGE>
Securities are to be sold in order to make funds available for redemption
of Units of that Trust (Section 5.02) if funds are not otherwise available in
the Capital and Income Accounts (see Administration of the Fund-- Accounts and
Distributions). The Securities to be sold will be selected by the Sponsors in
accordance with procedures specified in the Indenture on the basis of market and
credit factors as they may determine are in the best interests of the Trust.
Provision is made under the Indenture for the Sponsors to specify minimum face
amounts in which blocks of Securities are to be sold in order to obtain the best
price for the Trust.
To the extent that Securities in a Trust are sold, the size and diversity
of the Trust will be reduced. Sales will usually be required at a time when
Securities would not otherwise be sold and may result in lower prices to the
Trust than might otherwise be realized.
The right of redemption may be suspended and payment postponed (1) for any
period during which the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. is closed other than for
customary weekend and holiday closings, or (2) for any period during which, as
determined by the SEC, (i) trading on that Exchange is restricted or (ii) an
emergency exists as a result of which disposal or evaluation of the Securities
is not reasonably practicable, or (3) for any other periods which the SEC may by
order permit (Section 5.02).
COMPUTATION OF REDEMPTION PRICE PER UNIT
Redemption Price per Unit of a Trust is computed by the Trustee, as of the
Evaluation Time, on each June 30 and December 31 (or the last business day prior
thereto), on any business day as of the Evaluation Time next following the
tender of any Unit for redemption, and on any other business day desired by the
Trustee or the Sponsors, by adding (a) the aggregate bid side evaluation of the
Securities in the Trust, (b) cash on hand in the Trust (other than cash covering
contracts to purchase Securities or credited to a reserve account), (c) accrued
but unpaid interest on the Securities up to but not including the date of
redemption (less amounts beneficially owned by the Trustee resulting from
unreimbursed advances) and (d) the aggregate value of all other assets of the
Trust; deducting therefrom the sum of (v) taxes or other governmental charges
against the Trust not previously deducted, (w) accrued but unpaid expenses of
the Trust, (x) amounts payable for reimbursement of Trustee advances, (y) cash
held for redemption of units for distribution to Holders of record as of a date
prior to the evaluation and (z) the aggregate value of all other liabilities of
the Trust; and dividing the result by the number of Units outstanding as of the
date of computation (Section 5.01).
The aggregate current bid or offer side evaluation of the Securities is
determined by the Evaluator in the following manner: if the Securities are
traded on the over-the-counter market, this evaluation is generally based on the
closing sale prices on the over-the-counter market (unless the Evaluator deems
these prices inappropriate as a basis for evaluation). If closing sale prices
are unavailable, the evaluation is generally determined (a) on the basis of
current bid or offering prices for the Securities, (b) if bid or offer prices
are not available for any Securities, on the basis of current bid or offer
prices for comparable securities, (c) by appraising the value of the Securities
on the bid or offer side of the market or (d) by any combination of the above.
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The value of any insurance is reflected in the market value of any Insured
Debt Obligations. It is the position of the Sponsors that this is a fair method
of valuing the Insured Debt Obligations and the insurance and reflects a proper
valuation method in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Company Act
of 1940.
EXPENSES AND CHARGES
INITIAL EXPENSES
All expenses incurred in establishing the Trusts, including the cost of the
initial preparation and printing of documents relating to the Fund, cost of the
initial evaluations, the initial fees and expenses of the Trustee, legal
expenses, advertising and selling expenses and any other out-of-pocket expenses,
will be paid from the Underwriting Account at no charge to the Trusts.
FEES
An estimate of the total annual expenses of each Trust is set forth under
Investment Summary. The Trustee (or Co-Trustees, in the case of Investors Bank &
Trust Company and The First National Bank of Chicago) receives for its services
as Trustee and for reimbursement of expenses incurred on behalf of a Trust,
payable in monthly installments, the amount per Unit set forth under Investment
Summary as Trustee's Annual Fee and Expenses. Of this amount, the Trustee
receives annually for its services as Trustee $0.70 per $1,000 face amount of
Debt Obligations. The Trustee's Annual Fee and Expenses also includes the
Evaluator's fee, the estimated Portfolio Supervision Fee, estimated reimbursable
bookkeeping or other administrative expenses paid to the Sponsors and certain
mailing and printing expenses. Expenses in excess of this amount will be borne
by the Fund. The Trustee also receives benefits to the extent that it holds
funds on deposit in the various non-interest bearing accounts created under the
Indenture. The Portfolio Supervision Fee with respect to a Trust is based on the
face amount of Debt Obligations in the Trust on the Initial Date of Deposit and
on the first business day of each calendar year thereafter, except that if in
any calendar year Additional Securities are deposited, the fee for the balance
of the year will be based on the face amounts on each Record Day. This fee,
which is not to exceed the maximum amount set forth under Investment Summary,
may exceed the actual costs of providing portfolio supervisory services for a
Trust, but at no time will the total amount the Sponsors receive for portfolio
supervisory services rendered to all series of Municipal Investment Trust Fund
in any calendar year exceed the aggregate cost to them of supplying these
services in that year (Section 7.05). In addition, the Sponsors may also be
reimbursed for bookkeeping or other administrative services provided to the Fund
in amounts not exceeding their costs of providing these services (Section 7.06).
The foregoing fees may be adjusted for inflation in accordance with the terms of
the Indenture without approval of Holders (Sections 3.04, 4.03 and 8.05).
OTHER CHARGES
Other charges include with respect to a Trust: (a) fees of the Trustee for
extraordinary services (Section 8.05), (b) certain expenses of the Trustee
(including legal and auditing expenses) and of counsel designated by the
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Sponsors (Sections 3.04, 3.09, 7.05(b), 8.01 and 8.05), (c) various governmental
charges (Sections 3.03 and 8.01 h]), (d) expenses and costs of action taken to
protect the Trust (Section 8.01 d]), (e) indemnification of the Trustee for any
losses, liabilities and expenses incurred without gross negligence, bad faith or
willful misconduct on its part (Section 8.05), (f) indemnification of the
Sponsors for any losses, liabilities and expenses incurred without gross
negligence, bad faith, wilful misconduct or reckless disregard of their duties
(Section 7.05b]), (g) expenditures incurred in contacting Holders upon
termination of the Trust (Section 9.02) and (h) premiums for extra insurance
necessary to maintain the rating of an Insured Trust. The amounts of these
charges and fees are secured by a lien on the Trust and, if the balances in the
Income and Capital Accounts (see below) are insufficient, the Trustee has the
power to sell Securities to pay these amounts (Section 8.05).
ADMINISTRATION OF THE FUND
RECORDS
The Trustee keeps a register of the names, addresses and holdings of all
Holders of each Trust. The Trustee also keeps records of the transactions of
each Trust, including a current list of the Securities and a copy of the
Indenture, which are available to Holders for inspection at the office of the
Trustee at reasonable times during business hours (Sections 6.01, 8.02 and
8.04).
ACCOUNTS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Interest received by each Trust is credited to an Income Account for the
Trust and other receipts to a Capital Account for the Trust (Sections 3.01 and
3.02). The Monthly Income Distribution for each Holder as of each Record Day
will be made on the following Distribution Day or shortly thereafter and shall
consist of an amount substantially equal to the Holder's pro rata share of the
estimated net income accrued during the month preceding the Record Day, after
deducting estimated expenses. Estimates of the amounts of the first and
subsequent Monthly Income Distributions are set forth under Investment Summary.
The amount of the Monthly Income Distributions will change as Securities are
redeemed, paid or sold. At the same time the Trustee will distribute the
Holder's pro rata share of the distributable cash balance of the Capital Account
of the Trust computed as of the close of business on the preceding Record Day
(if at least equal to the Minimum Capital Distribution set forth under
Investment Summary). Principal proceeds received from the disposition, payment
or prepayment of any of the Securities subsequent to a Record Day and prior to
the succeeding Distribution Day will be held in the Capital Account to be
distributed on the second succeeding Distribution Day. The first distribution
for persons who purchase Units between a Record Day and a Distribution Day will
be made on the second Distribution Day following their purchase of Units. A
Reserve Account may be created by the Trustee by withdrawing from the Income or
Capital Accounts, from time to time, amounts deemed necessary to reserve for any
material amount that may be payable out of the Trust (Section 3.03). Funds held
by the Trustee in the various accounts created under the Indenture do not bear
interest (Section 8.01).
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INVESTMENT ACCUMULATION PROGRAM
Monthly Income Distributions of interest and any principal or premium
received by the Trusts will be paid in cash. However, a Holder may elect to have
these monthly distributions reinvested without sales charge in the Municipal
Fund Accumulation Program, Inc. (the 'Program'). The Program is an open-end
management investment company whose primary investment objective is to obtain
income that is exempt from regular Federal income tax through investment in a
diversified portfolio consisting primarily of state, municipal and public
authority debt obligations with credit characteristics comparable to those of
securities in this Series of Municipal Investment Trust Fund. Most or all of the
securities in the portfolio of the Program, however, will not be insured.
Reinvesting compounds the earnings Federally tax-free. Holders participating in
the Program will be taxed on their reinvested distributions in the manner
described in Taxes even though distributions are reinvested in the Program. For
more complete information about the Program, including charges and expenses,
return the enclosed form for a prospectus. Read it carefully before you decide
to participate. Notice of election to participate must be received by the
Trustee in writing at least ten days before the Record Day for the first
distribution to which the notice is to apply.
PORTFOLIO SUPERVISION
The Fund is a unit investment trust which normally follows a buy and hold
investment strategy and is not actively managed. Traditional methods of
investment management for a managed fund (such as a mutual fund) typically
involve frequent changes in a portfolio of securities on the basis of economic,
financial and market analyses. The Portfolios of the Trusts comprising this
Series, however, will not be actively managed and therefore the adverse
financial condition of an issuer will not necessarily require the sale of its
Securities from a Portfolio. Defined Asset Funds investment professionals are
dedicated exclusively to selecting and then monitoring securities held by the
various Defined Funds. On an ongoing basis, experienced financial analysts
regularly review the Portfolios and may direct the disposition of Securities
under any of the following circumstances: (i) a default in payment of amounts
due on any Security, (ii) institution of certain legal proceedings, (iii)
existence of any other legal questions or impediments affecting a Security or
the payment of amounts due on the Security, (iv) default under certain documents
adversely affecting debt service or default in payment of amounts due on other
securities of the same issuer or guarantor, (v) decline in projected income
pledged for debt service on revenue bond issues, (vi) decline in price of the
Security or the occurrence of other market or credit factors, including advance
refunding (i.e., the issuance of refunding bonds and the deposit of the proceeds
thereof in trust or escrow to retire the refunded Securities on their respective
redemption dates), that in the opinion of the Sponsors would make the retention
of the Security detrimental to the interests of the Holders, (vii) if a Security
is not consistent with the investment objective of the Fund or (viii) if the
Trustee has a right to sell or redeem a Security pursuant to any applicable
guarantee or other credit support. If a default in the payment of amounts due on
any Security occurs and if the Agent for the Sponsors fails to give instructions
to sell or hold the Security, the Indenture provides that the Trustee, within 30
days of the failure shall sell the Security (Section 3.08).
The Sponsors are required to instruct the Trustee to reject any offer made
by an issuer of any of the Debt Obligations to issue new Debt Obligations in
exchange or substitution for any Debt Obligations pursuant to a
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refunding or refinancing plan, except that the Sponsors may instruct the Trustee
to accept or reject any offer or to take any other action with respect thereto
as the Sponsors may deem proper if (a) the issuer is in default with respect to
these Debt Obligations or (b) in the written opinion of the Sponsors the issuer
will probably default with respect to these Debt Obligations in the reasonably
foreseeable future. Any Debt Obligations so received in exchange or substitution
will be held by the Trustee subject to the terms and conditions of the Indenture
to the same extent as Debt Obligations originally deposited thereunder (Section
3.11). Within five days after the deposit of Debt Obligations in exchange or
substitution for existing Debt Obligations, the Trustee is required to give
notice thereof to each Holder, identifying the Debt Obligations removed from the
Portfolio and the Debt Obligations substituted therefor (Section 3.07).
The Sponsors are authorized to direct the Trustee to deposit replacement
securities ('Replacement Securities') into the Portfolio to replace any Failed
Debt Obligations or, in connection with the deposit of Additional Securities,
when Securities of an issue originally deposited are unavailable at the time of
subsequent deposit as described more fully below. Replacement Securities that
are replacing Failed Debt Obligations will be deposited into a Trust within 110
days of the date of deposit of the contracts which have failed, at a purchase
price that does not exceed the amount of funds reserved for the purchase of
Failed Debt Obligations and that results in a yield to maturity and in a current
return, in each case as of that date of deposit, that are equivalent (taking
into consideration then current market conditions and the relative
creditworthiness of the underlying obligation) to the yield to maturity and
current return of the Failed Debt Obligations. The Replacement Securities shall
(i) be tax-exempt bonds issued by the state for which the Trust is named or its
political subdivisions or by the Government of Puerto Rico or by its authority
or by the Government of Guam or by its authority; (ii) have fixed maturity dates
substantially the same as those of the Failed Debt Obligations; (iii) be rated
in the category A or better by either Standard & Poor's or Moody's (or have, in
the opinion of the Agent for the Sponsors, comparable credit characteristics, if
not actually rated) or if the Trust is an Insured Trust, be insured by an
Insurance Company and have the benefits of such insurance under terms equivalent
to the insurance of the Insurance Company with respect to the Failed Debt
Obligations and not cause the Units of the Fund to cease to be rated AAA by
Standard & Poor's; and (iv) not be when, as and if issued obligations.
Replacement Securities shall be selected by the Sponsors from a list of
Securities maintained by them and updated from time to time. The Securities on
the current list from which Replacement Securities are to be selected are set
forth under Investment Summary. Whenever a Replacement Security has been
acquired for a Trust, the Trustee shall, on the next monthly distribution date
that is more than 30 days thereafter, make a pro rata distribution of the
amount, if any, by which the cost to the Trust of the Failed Debt Obligation
exceeded the cost of the Replacement Security plus accrued interest. If
Replacement Securities are not acquired, the Sponsors will, on or before the
next following Distribution Day, cause to be refunded to Holders the
attributable sales charge, plus the attributable Cost of Debt Obligations to
Trust listed under Portfolio, plus interest attributable to the Failed Debt
Obligation. The portion of interest paid to a Holder that accrued after the
expected date of settlement for purchase of his Units will be paid by the
Sponsors and accordingly will not be treated as tax exempt income.
The Indenture also authorizes the Sponsors to increase the size and number
of Units of a Trust by the deposit of Additional Securities, contracts to
purchase Additional Securities or cash or a letter of credit with instructions
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to purchase Additional Securities in exchange for the corresponding number of
additional Units during the 90-day period subsequent to the Initial Date of
Deposit, provided that the original proportionate relationship among the face
amounts of each Security established on the Initial Date of Deposit (the
'Original Proportionate Relationship') is maintained to the extent practicable.
Deposits of Additional Securities subsequent to the 90-day period following the
Initial Date of Deposit must replicate exactly the original proportionate
relationship among the face amounts of Securities comprising the Portfolio at
the end of the initial 90-day period, subject to certain events (Sections 3.07,
3.08 and 3.10).
With respect to deposits of Additional Securities in connection with
creating additional Units of the Trust during the 90-day period following the
Initial Date of Deposit, the Sponsors may specify minimum face amounts in which
Additional Securities will be deposited or purchased. If a deposit is not
sufficient to acquire minimum amounts of each Security, Additional Securities
may be acquired in the order of the Security most under-represented immediately
before the deposit when compared to the Original Proportionate Relationship. If
Securities of an issue originally deposited are unavailable at the time of
subsequent deposit or cannot be purchased at reasonable prices or their purchase
is prohibited or restricted by law, regulation or policies applicable to the
Trust or any of the Sponsors, the Sponsors may (1) deposit cash or a letter of
credit with instructions to purchase the Security when it becomes available
(provided that it becomes available within 110 days after the Initial Date of
Deposit), or (2) deposit (or instruct the Trustee to purchase) (i) Securities of
one or more other issues originally deposited or (ii) a Replacement Security
which will meet the conditions described above except that it must have a rating
at least equal to that of the Security it replaces (or, in the opinion of the
Sponsors, have comparable credit characteristics, if not rated). Any funds held
to acquire Additional or Replacement Securities which have not been used to
purchase Securities at the end of the 90-day period beginning with the Initial
Date of Deposit, shall be used to purchase Securities as described above or
shall be distributed to Holders together with the attributable sales charge.
REPORTS TO HOLDERS
With each distribution, the Trustee will furnish Holders with a statement
of the amounts of interest and other receipts, if any, that are being
distributed, expressed in each case as a dollar amount per Unit. After the end
of each calendar year during which a Monthly Income Distribution was made to
Holders, the Trustee will furnish to each person who at any time during the
calendar year was a Holder of record a statement (i) summarizing transactions
for that year in the Income and Capital Accounts of the Trust, (ii) listing the
Securities held and the number of Units outstanding at the end of that calendar
year, (iii) stating the Redemption Price per Unit based upon the computation
thereof made at the end of that calendar year and (iv) specifying the amounts
distributed during that calendar year from the Income and Capital Accounts
(Section 3.07). The accounts of each Trust shall be audited at least annually by
independent certified public accountants designated by the Sponsors and the
report of the accountants shall be furnished by the Trustee to Holders upon
request (Section 8.01 h]).
In order to enable them to comply with Federal and state tax reporting
requirements, Holders will be furnished upon request to the Trustee with
evaluations of Securities furnished to it by the Evaluator (Section 4.02).
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CERTIFICATES
Each purchaser is entitled to receive, upon request, a registered
Certificate for his Units. Certain of the Sponsors may collect charges for
registering and shipping Certificates to purchasers. These Certificates are
transferable or interchangeable upon presentation at the office of the Trustee,
with a payment of $2.00 if required by the Trustee (or other amounts specified
by the Trustee and approved by the Sponsors) for each new Certificate and any
sums payable for taxes or other governmental charges imposed upon the
transaction (Section 6.01) and compliance with the formalities necessary to
redeem Certificates (see Redemption). Mutilated, destroyed, stolen or lost
Certificates will be replaced upon delivery of satisfactory indemnity and
payment of expenses incurred (Section 6.02).
AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION
The Sponsors and Trustee may amend the Indenture for a Trust, without the
consent of the Holders, (a) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement
any provision thereof which may be defective or inconsistent, (b) to change any
provision thereof as may be required by the SEC or any successor governmental
agency or (c) to make any other provisions which do not materially adversely
affect the interest of the Holders (as determined in good faith by the
Sponsors). The Indentures may also be amended in any respect by the Sponsors and
the Trustee, or any of the provisions thereof may be waived, with the consent of
the Holders of 51% of the Units of a Trust, provided that none of these
amendments or waivers will reduce the interest in the Trust of any Holder
without the consent of the Holder or reduce the percentage of Units required to
consent to any of these amendments or waivers without the consent of all Holders
(Section 10.01).
Each Trust will terminate and each Trust will be liquidated upon the
maturity, sale, redemption or other disposition of the last Security held
thereunder, but in no event is it to continue beyond the mandatory termination
date set forth under Investment Summary. A Trust may be terminated by the
Sponsors if the value of a Trust is less than the minimum value set forth under
Investment Summary, and may be terminated at any time by written instrument
executed by the Sponsors and consented to by Holders of 51% of the then
outstanding Units (Sections 8.01 g] and 9.01). The Trustee will deliver written
notice of any termination to each Holder within a reasonable period of time
prior to the termination, specifying the times at which the Holders may
surrender their Certificates for cancellation. Within a reasonable period of
time after the termination, the Trustee must sell all of the Securities then
held and distribute to each Holder, upon surrender for cancellation of his
Certificates and after deductions for accrued but unpaid fees, taxes and
governmental and other charges, the Holder's interest in the Income and Capital
Accounts (Section 9.01). This distribution will normally be made by mailing a
check in the amount of each Holder's interest in these accounts to the address
of the Holder appearing on the record books of the Trustee.
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RESIGNATION, REMOVAL AND LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY
TRUSTEE
The Trustee or any successor may resign upon notice to the Sponsors. The
Trustee may be removed upon the direction of the Holders of 51% of the Units at
any time or by the Sponsors without the consent of any of the Holders if the
Trustee becomes incapable of acting or becomes bankrupt or its affairs are taken
over by public authorities, or if for any reason the Sponsors determine in good
faith that the replacement of the Trustee is in the best interest of the
Holders. The resignation or removal shall become effective upon the acceptance
of appointment by the successor which may, in the case of a resigning or removed
Co-Trustee, be one or more of the remaining Co-Trustees. The Sponsors are to use
their best efforts to appoint a successor promptly and if upon resignation of
the Trustee no successor has accepted appointment within thirty days after
notification, the Trustee may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for the
appointment of a successor (Section 8.06). The Trustee shall be under no
liability for any action taken in good faith in reliance on prima facie properly
executed documents or for the disposition of monies or Securities under the
Indenture. This provision, however, shall not protect the Trustee in cases of
wilful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of its
obligations and duties. In the event of the failure of the Sponsors to act, the
Trustee may act under the Indenture and shall not be liable for any of these
actions taken in good faith. The Trustee shall not be personally liable for any
taxes or other governmental charges imposed upon or in respect of the Securities
or upon the interest thereon. In addition, the Indenture contains other
customary provisions limiting the liability of the Trustee (Sections 8.01 and
8.05).
EVALUATOR
The Evaluator may resign or may be removed, effective upon the acceptance
of appointment by its successor, by the Sponsors, who are to use their best
efforts to appoint a successor promptly. If upon resignation of the Evaluator no
successor has accepted appointment within thirty days after notification, the
Evaluator may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of
a successor (Section 4.05). Determinations by the Evaluator under the Indenture
shall be made in good faith upon the basis of the best information available to
it; provided, however, that the Evaluator shall be under no liability to the
Trustee, the Sponsors or the Holders for errors in judgment. This provision,
however, shall not protect the Evaluator in cases of wilful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties
(Section 4.04). The Trustee, the Sponsors and the Holders may rely on any
evaluation furnished by the Evaluator and shall have no responsibility for the
accuracy thereof.
SPONSORS
Any Sponsor may resign if one remaining Sponsor maintains a net worth of $
2,000,000 and is agreeable to the resignation (Section 7.04). A new Sponsor may
be appointed by the remaining Sponsors and the Trustee to assume the duties of
the resigning Sponsor. If there is only one Sponsor and it fails to perform its
duties or becomes incapable of acting or becomes bankrupt or its affairs are
taken over by public authorities, then the Trustee may (a) appoint a successor
Sponsor at rates of compensation deemed by the Trustee to be reasonable and as
may not exceed amounts prescribed by the SEC, or (b) terminate the Indentures
and liquidate the Trusts or (c)
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continue to act as Trustee without terminating the Indentures (Section 8.01 e]).
The Agent for the Sponsors has been appointed by the other Sponsors for purposes
of taking action under the Indentures (Section 7.01). If the Sponsors are unable
to agree with respect to action to be taken jointly by them under the Indentures
and they cannot agree as to which Sponsors shall continue to act as Sponsors,
then Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated shall continue to act as
sole Sponsor (Section 7.02b]). If one of the Sponsors fails to perform its
duties or becomes incapable of acting or becomes bankrupt or its affairs are
taken over by public authorities, then that Sponsor is automatically discharged
and the other Sponsors shall act as Sponsors (Section 7.02a]). The Sponsors
shall be under no liability to the Trusts or to the Holders for taking any
action or for refraining from taking any action in good faith or for errors in
judgment and shall not be liable or responsible in any way for depreciation or
loss incurred by reason of the sale of any Security. This provision, however,
shall not protect the Sponsors in cases of wilful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of their obligations and duties (Section 7.05).
The Sponsors and their successors are jointly and severally liable under the
Indentures. A Sponsor may transfer all or substantially all of its assets to a
corporation or partnership which carries on its business and duly assumes all of
its obligations under the Indentures and in that event it shall be relieved of
all further liability under the Indentures (Section 7.03).
MISCELLANEOUS
TRUSTEE
The Trustee of the Fund is named on the back cover page of this Prospectus
and is either The Bank of New York, a New York banking corporation with its Unit
Investment Trust Department at 101 Barclay Street, New York, New York 10286
(which is subject to supervision by the New York Superintendent of Banks, the
FDIC and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ('Federal
Reserve')); Bankers Trust Company, a New York banking corporation with its
corporate trust office at Four Albany Street, 7th Floor, New York, New York
10015 (which is subject to supervision by the New York Superintendent of Banks,
the FDIC and the Federal Reserve); The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A., a national
banking association with its Unit Trust Department at 1 Chase Manhattan
Plaza-3B, New York, New York 10081 (which is subject to supervision by the
Comptroller of the Currency, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve); or (acting as
Co-Trustees) Investors Bank & Trust Company, a Massachusetts trust company with
its unit investment trust servicing group at One Lincoln Plaza, Boston,
Massachusetts 02111 (which is subject to supervision by the Massachusetts
Commissioner of Banks, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve) and The First National
Bank of Chicago, a national banking association with its corporate trust office
at One First National Plaza, Suite 0126, Chicago, Illinois 60670-0126 (which is
subject to supervision by the Comptroller of the Currency, the FDIC and the
Federal Reserve).
LEGAL OPINION
The legality of the Units has been passed upon by Davis Polk & Wardwell,
450 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10017, as special counsel for the
Sponsors. Emmet, Marvin & Martin, 48 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005, act
as counsel for The Bank of New York, as Trustee. Bingham, Dana & Gould, 150
Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, act as counsel for The First
National Bank of Chicago and Investors
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Bank & Trust Company, as Co-Trustees. Hawkins, Delafield & Wood, 67 Wall Street,
New York, New York 10005, act as counsel for Bankers Trust Company, as Trustee.
AUDITORS
The Statements of Condition, including the Portfolios, of the Trusts
included herein have been audited by Deloitte & Touche, independent
accountants, as stated in their opinion appearing herein and have been so
included in reliance upon that opinion given on the authority of that firm as
experts in accounting and auditing.
SPONSORS
Each Sponsor is a Delaware corporation and is engaged in the underwriting,
securities and commodities brokerage business, and is a member of the New York
Stock Exchange, Inc., other major securities exchanges and commodity exchanges,
and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Merrill Lynch, Pierce,
Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Merrill Lynch Asset Management, a Delaware
corporation, each of which is a subsidiary of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., are
engaged in the investment advisory business. Smith Barney Shearson Inc., an
investment banking and securities broker-dealer firm, is an indirect
wholly-owned subsidiary of The Travelers Inc. Prudential Securities
Incorporated, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential Securities Group Inc. and
an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Prudential Insurance Company of
America, is engaged in the investment advisory business. PaineWebber
Incorporated is engaged in the investment advisory business and is a wholly-
owned subsidiary of PaineWebber Group Inc. Dean Witter Reynolds Inc., a
principal operating subsidiary of Dean Witter, Discover & Co., is engaged in the
investment advisory business. Each Sponsor has acted as principal underwriter
and managing underwriter of other investment companies. The Sponsors, in
addition to participating as members of various selling groups or as agents of
other investment companies, execute orders on behalf of investment companies for
the purchase and sale of securities of these companies and sell securities to
these companies in their capacities as brokers or dealers in securities.
Each Sponsor (or a predecessor) has acted as Sponsor of various series of
Defined Asset Funds. A subsidiary of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith
Incorporated succeeded in 1970 to the business of Goodbody & Co., which had been
a co-Sponsor of Defined Asset Funds since 1964. That subsidiary resigned as
Sponsor of each of the Goodbody series in 1971. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner &
Smith Incorporated has been co-Sponsor and the Agent for the Sponsors of each
series of Defined Asset Funds created since 1971. Shearson Lehman Brothers Inc.
('Shearson') and certain of its predecessors were underwriters beginning in 1962
and co-Sponsors from 1965 to 1967 and from 1980 to 1993 of various Defined Asset
Funds. As a result of the acquisition of certain of Shearson's assets by Smith
Barney, Harris Upham & Co. Incorporated and Primerica Corporation (now The
Travelers Inc.), Smith Barney Shearson Inc. now serves as co-Sponsor of various
Defined Asset Funds. Prudential Securities Incorporated and its predecessors
have been underwriters of Defined Asset Funds since 1961 and co-Sponsors since
1964, in which year its predecessor became successor co-Sponsor to the original
Sponsor. Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. and its predecessors have been underwriters
of various Defined Asset Funds since 1964 and
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co-Sponsors since 1974. PaineWebber Incorporated and its predecessor have
co-Sponsored certain Defined Asset Funds since 1983.
The Sponsors have maintained secondary markets in Defined Asset Funds for
over 20 years. For decades informed investors have purchased unit investment
trusts for dependability and professional selection of investments. Defined
Asset Funds offers an array of simple and convenient investment choices, suited
to fit a wide variety of personal financial goals--a buy and hold strategy for
capital accumulation, such as for children's education or a nest egg for
retirement, or attractive, regular current income consistent with relative
protection of capital. There are Defined Funds to meet the needs of just about
any investor. Unit investment trusts are particularly suited for the many
investors who prefer to seek long-term profits by purchasing sound investments
and holding them, rather than through active trading. Few individuals have the
knowledge, resources, capital or time to buy and hold a diversified portfolio on
their own; it would generally take a considerable sum of money to obtain the
breadth and diversity offered by Defined Funds. Sometimes it takes a combination
of Defined Funds to plan for your objectives.
One of the most important decisions an investor faces may be how to
allocate his investments among asset classes. Diversification among different
kinds of investments can balance the risks and rewards of each one. Most
investment experts recommend stocks for long-term capital growth. Long-term
corporate bonds offer relatively high rates of interest income. By purchasing
both defined equity and defined bond funds, investors can receive attractive
current income as well as growth potential, offering some protection against
inflation.
The following chart shows the average annual compounded rate of return of
selected asset classes over the 10-year and 20-year periods ending December 31,
1993, compared to the rate of inflation over the same periods. Of course, this
chart represents past performance of these investment categories and there is no
guarantee of
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future results, either of these categories or of Defined Funds. Defined Funds
also have sales charges and expenses, which are not reflected in the chart.
Stocks (S&P 500)
20 yr 12.76%
10 yr 14.94%
Small-company stocks
20 yr 18.82%
10 yr 9.96%
Long-term corporate bonds
20 yr 10.16%
10 yr 14.00%
U.S. Treasury bills (short-term)
20 yr 7.49%
10 yr 6.35%
Consumer Price Index
20 yr 5.92%
10 yr 3.73%
0 2 4 6 8 10
12 14 16 18
20%
Source: Ibbotson Associates (Chicago).
Used with permission. All rights reserved.
Instead of having to select individual securities on their own, purchasers
of Defined Funds benefit from the expertise of Defined Asset Funds' experienced
buyers and research analysts. In addition, they gain the advantage of
diversification by investing in Units of a Defined Fund holding securities of
several different issuers. Such diversification can reduce risk, but does not
eliminate it. While the portfolio of a managed fund, such as a mutual fund,
continually changes, defined bond funds offer a defined portfolio and a schedule
of income distributions identified in the prospectus. Investors know, generally,
when they buy, the issuers, maturities, call dates and ratings of the securities
in the portfolio. Of course, the portfolio may change somewhat over time as
additional securities are deposited, as securities mature or are called or
redeemed or as they are sold to meet redemptions and in certain other limited
circumstances. Investors buy bonds for dependability--they know what they can
expect to earn and that principle is distributed as the bonds mature. Investors
also know at the time of purchase their estimated income and current and
long-term returns, subject to credit and market risks and to changes in the
portfolio or the fund's expenses.
Defined Asset Funds offers a variety of fund types. The tax exemption of
municipal securities, which makes them attractive to high-bracket taxpayers, is
offered by Defined Municipal Investment Trust Funds. Municipal
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Defined Funds offer a simple and convenient way for investors to earn monthly
income free from regular Federal income tax. Defined Municipal Investment Trust
Funds have provided investors with tax-free income for more than 30 years.
Defined Corporate Income Funds, with higher current returns than municipal or
government funds, are suitable for Individual Retirement Accounts and other
tax-advantaged accounts and provide monthly income. Defined Government
Securities Income Funds provide a way to participate in markets for U.S.
government securities while earning an attractive current return. Defined
International Bond Funds, invested in bonds payable in foreign currencies, offer
the potential to profit from changes in currency values and possibly from
interest rates higher than paid on comparable U.S. bonds, but investors incur a
higher risk for these potentially greater returns. Historically, stocks have
offered growth of capital, and thus some protection against inflation, over the
long term. Defined Equity Income Funds offer participation in the stock market,
providing current income as well as the possibility of capital appreciation. The
S&P Index Trusts offer a convenient and inexpensive way to participate in broad
market movements. Concept Series seek to capitalize on selected anticipated
economic, political or business trends. Utility Stock Series, consisting of
stocks of issuers with established reputations for regular cash dividends, seek
to benefit from dividend increases. Select Ten Portfolios seek total return by
investing for one year in the ten highest yielding stocks on a designated stock
index.
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS (as described by the rating companies themselves).
STANDARD & POOR'S
A Standard & Poor's rating on the units of an investment trust (hereinafter
referred to collectively as 'units' and 'funds') is a current assessment of
creditworthiness with respect to the investments held by the fund. This
assessment takes into consideration the financial capacity of the issuers and of
any guarantors, insurers, lessees, or mortgagors with respect to such
investments. The assessment, however, does not take into acount the extent to
which fund expenses will reduce payment to the unit holder of the interest and
principal required to be paid on portfolio assets. In addition, the rating is
not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold units, as the rating does not
comment as to market price of the units or suitability for a particular
investor.
AAA--Units rated AAA represent interests in funds composed exclusively of
securities that, together with their credit support, are rated AAA by Standard &
Poor's and/or certain short-term investments. This AAA rating is the highest
rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a security. Capacity to pay interest and
repay principal is extremely strong.
AA--Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay
principal and differs from the highest rated issues only in small degree.
A--Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB--Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing
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circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and
repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
BB, B, CCC, CC--Debt rated BB, B, CCC and CC is regarded, on balance, as
predominately speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay
principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the
lowest degree of speculation and CC the highest degree of speculation. While
such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these
are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse
conditions.
The ratings may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show
relative standing within the major rating categories.
A provisional rating, indicated by 'p' following a rating, assumes the
successful completion of the project being financed by the issuance of the debt
being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely
or entirely dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the project.
This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion
of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of, or the risk of default
upon failure of, such completion.
MOODY'S
Aaa--Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be the best quality. They
carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as
'gilt edge'. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally
stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are
likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair
the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa--Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and
are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security
to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present
which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa--Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations,
i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments
and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba--Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their
future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest
and principal payments may be very moderate, and thereby not well
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safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of
position characterizes bonds in this class.
B--Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of
other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Rating symbols may include numerical modifiers 1, 2 or 3. The numerical
modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks at the high end, 2 in the
mid-range, and 3 nearer the low end, of the generic category. These modifiers
are to give investors a more precise indication of relative debt quality in each
of the historically defined categories.
Conditional ratings, indicated by 'Con.', are sometimes given when the
security for the bond depends upon the completion of some act or the fulfillment
of some condition. Such bonds are given a conditional rating that denotes their
probable credit stature upon completion of that act or fulfillment of that
condition.
EXCHANGE OPTION
ELECTION
Holders may elect to exchange any or all of their Units of a Trust for
units of one or more of the series of Funds listed in the table set forth below
(the 'Exchange Funds'), which normally are sold in the secondary market at
prices which include the sales charge indicated in the table. Certain series of
the Funds listed have lower maximum applicable sales charges than those stated
in the table; also the rates of sales charges may be changed from time to time.
No series with a maximum applicable sales charge of less than 3.50% of the
public offering price is eligible to be acquired under the Exchange Option, with
the following exceptions: (1) Freddie Mac Series may be acquired by exchange
during the initial offering period from any of the Exchange Funds listed in the
table and (2) Units of any Select Ten Portfolio, if available, may be acquired
during their initial offering period or thereafter by exchange from any Exchange
Fund Series; units of Select Ten Portfolios may be exchanged only for units of
another Select Ten Series, if available. Units of the Exchange Funds may be
acquired at prices which include the reduced sales charge for Exchange Fund
units listed in the table, subject, however, to these important limitations:
First, there must be a secondary market maintained by the Sponsors in
units of the series being exchanged and a primary or secondary market in
units of the series being acquired and there must be units of the
applicable Exchange Fund lawfully available for sale in the state in which
the Holder is resident. There is no legal obligation on the part of the
Sponsors to maintain a market for any units or to maintain the legal
qualification for sale of any of these units in any state or states.
Therefore, there is no assurance that a market for units will in fact exist
or that any units will be lawfully available for sale on any given date at
which a Holder wishes to sell his Units of this Series and thus there is no
assurance that the Exchange Option will be available to any Holder.
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Second, when units held for less than five months are exchanged for
units with a higher regular sales charge, the sales charge will be the
greater of (a) the reduced sales charge set forth in the table below or (b)
the difference between the sales charge paid in acquiring the units being
exchanged and the regular sales charge for the quantity of units being
acquired, determined as of the date of the exchange.
Third, exchanges will be effected in whole units only. If the proceeds
from the Units being surrendered are less than the cost of a whole number
of units being acquired, the exchanging Holder will be permitted to add
cash in an amount to round up to the next highest number of whole units.
Fourth, the Sponsors reserve the right to modify, suspend or terminate
the Exchange Option at any time without further notice to Holders. In the
event the Exchange Option is not available to a Holder at the time he
wishes to exercise it, the Holder will be immediately notified and no
action will be taken with respect to his Units without further instruction
from the Holder.
PROCEDURES
To exercise the Exchange Option, a Holder should notify one of the Sponsors
of his desire to use the proceeds from the sale of his Units of this Series to
purchase units of one or more of the Exchange Funds. If units of the applicable
outstanding series of the Exchange Fund are at that time available for sale, the
Holder may select the series or group of series for which he desires his Units
to be exchanged. Of course, the Holder will be provided with a current
prospectus or prospectuses relating to each series in which he indicates
interest. The exchange transaction will operate in a manner essentially
identical to any secondary market transaction, i.e., Units will be repurchased
at a price equal to the aggregate bid side evaluation per Unit of the Securities
in the Portfolio plus accrued interest. Units of the Exchange Fund will be sold
to the Holder at a price equal to the bid side evaluation per unit of the
underlying securities in the Portfolio plus interest plus the applicable sales
charge listed in the table below. Units of Equity Income Fund are sold, and will
be repurchased, at a price normally based on the closing sale prices on the New
York Stock Exchange, Inc. of the underlying securities in the Portfolio. The
maximum applicable sales charges for units of the Exchange Funds are also listed
in the table. Excess proceeds not used to acquire whole Exchange Fund units will
be paid to the exchanging Holder.
CONVERSION OPTION
Owners of units of any registered unit investment trust sponsored by others
which was initially offered at a maximum applicable sales charge of at least
3.0% ('Conversion Trust') may elect to apply the cash proceeds of sale or
redemption of those units directly to acquire available units of any Exchange
Fund at the reduced sales charge, subject to the terms and conditions applicable
to the Exchange Option (except that no secondary market is required in
Conversion Trust units). To exercise this option, the owner should notify his
retail broker. He will be given a prospectus of each series in which he
indicates interest of which units are available. The broker must sell or redeem
the units of the Conversion Trust. Any broker other than a Sponsor must certify
to the Sponsors that the purchase of units of the Exchange Fund is being made
pursuant to and is eligible for this conversion option. The broker will be
entitled to two thirds of the applicable reduced sales charge. The Sponsors
reserve the right to modify, suspend or terminate the conversion option at any
time without further notice, including the right to
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increase the reduced sales charge applicable to this option (but not in excess
of $5 more per unit than the corresponding fee then charged for the Exchange
Option).
THE EXCHANGE FUNDS
The current return from taxable fixed income securities is normally higher
than that available from tax exempt fixed income securities. Certain of the
Exchange Funds do not provide for periodic payments of interest and are best
suited for purchase by IRA's, Keogh plans, pension funds or other tax-deferred
retirement plans. Consequently, some of the Exchange Funds may be inappropriate
investments for some Holders and therefore may be inappropriate exchanges for
Units of this Series. The table below indicates certain characteristics of each
of the Exchange Funds which a Holder should consider in determining whether each
Exchange Fund would be an appropriate investment vehicle and an appropriate
exchange for Units of this Series.
TAX CONSEQUENCES
An exchange of Units pursuant to the Exchange or Conversion Option for
units of a series of another Fund should constitute a 'taxable event' under the
Code, requiring a Holder to recognize a tax gain or loss, subject to the
following limitation. The Internal Revenue Service may seek to disallow a loss
(or a pro rata portion thereof) on an exchange of units if the units received by
a Holder in connection with such an exchange represent securities that are not
materially different from the securities that his previous units represented
(e.g., both Funds contain securities issued by the same obligor that have the
same material terms). Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisers as to
the tax consequences to them of exchanging units in particular cases.
EXAMPLE
Assume that a Holder, who has three units of a fund with a 5.50% sales
charge in the secondary market and a current price (based on bid side evaluation
plus accrued interest) of $1,100 per unit, sells his units and exchanges the
proceeds for units of a series of an Exchange Fund with a current price of $950
per unit and the same sales charge. The proceeds from the Holder's units will
aggregate $3,300. Since only whole units of an Exchange Fund may be purchased
under the Exchange Option, the Holder would be able to acquire four units in the
Exchange Fund for a total cost of $3,860 ($3,800 for units and $60 for the $15
per unit sales charge) by adding an extra $560 in cash. Were the Holder to
acquire the same number of units at the same time in the regular secondary
market maintained by the Sponsors, the price would be $4,021.16 ($3,800 for the
units and $221.16 for the 5.50% sales charge).
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<TABLE><CAPTION>
MAXIMUM REDUCED
NAME OF APPLICABLE SALES CHARGE FOR INVESTMENT
EXCHANGE FUND SALES CHARGE* SECONDARY MARKET** CHARACTERISTICS
- --------------------------------------------- --------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS-- GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
INCOME FUND
GNMA Series (other than those below) 4.25% $15 per unit long-term, fixed rate, taxable income,
underlying securities backed by the
full faith and credit of the United
States
GNMA Series E or other GNMA Series having 4.25% $15 per 1,000 units long-term, fixed rate, taxable income,
units with an initial face value of underlying securities backed by the
$1.00 full faith and credit of the United
States, appropriate for IRA's or
tax-deferred retirement plans
Freddie Mac Series 3.50% $15 per 1,000 units intermediate term, fixed rate, taxable
income, underlying securities are
backed by Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation but not by U.S. Government
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS-- INTERNATIONAL BOND FUND
Multi-Currency Series 5.50% $15 per unit intermediate-term, fixed rate, payable
in foreign currencies, taxable income
Australian and New Zealand Dollar Bonds 3.75% $15 per unit intermediate-term, fixed rate, payable
Series in Australian and New Zealand dollars,
taxable income
Australian Dollar Bonds Series 3.75% $15 per unit intermediate-term, fixed rate, payable
in Australian dollars, taxable income
Canadian Dollar Bonds Series 3.75% $15 per unit short intermediate term, fixed rate,
payable in Canadian dollars, taxable
income
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS--MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT
TRUST FUND
Monthly Payment, State and Multistate 5.50%+ $15 per unit long-term, fixed-rate, tax-exempt
Series income
Intermediate Term Series 4.75%+ $15 per unit intermediate-term, fixed rate, tax-
exempt income
Insured Series 5.50%+ $15 per unit long-term, fixed-rate, tax-exempt
current income, underlying securities
insured by insurance companies
AMT Monthly Payment Series 5.50%+ $15 per unit long-term, fixed rate, income exempt
from regular federal income tax but
partially subject to Alternative
Minimum Tax.
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS--MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND
Insured Discount Series 5.50%+ $15 per unit long-term, fixed rate, tax-exempt
current income, taxable capital gains
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* As described in the prospectuses relating to certain Exchange Funds, this
sales charge for secondary market sales may be reduced on a graduated scale
in the case of quantity purchases.
** The reduced sales charge for Units acquired during their initial offering
period is: $20 per unit for Series for which the Reduced Sales Charge for
Secondary Market (above) is $15 per unit; $20 per 1,000 units for Series
for which the Reduced Sales Charge for Secondary Market (above) is $15 per
1,000 units.
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<PAGE>
<TABLE><CAPTION>
MAXIMUM REDUCED
NAME OF APPLICABLE SALES CHARGE FOR INVESTMENT
EXCHANGE FUND SALES CHARGE* SECONDARY MARKET** CHARACTERISTICS
- --------------------------------------------- --------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS--CORPORATE INCOME FUND
Monthly Payment Series 5.50% $15 per unit long-term, fixed rate, taxable income
Intermediate Term Series 4.75% $15 per unit intermediate-term, fixed rate, taxable
income
Cash or Accretion Bond Series and SELECT 3.50% $15 per 1,000 units intermediate-term, fixed rate,
Series underlying securities composed of
compound interest obligations
principally secured by collateral
backed by the full faith and credit of
the United States, taxable return,
appropriate for IRA's or tax-deferred
retirement plans
Insured Series 5.50% $15 per unit long-term, fixed rate, taxable income,
underlying securities are insured
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS--EQUITY INCOME FUND
Utility Common Stock Series 4.50% $15 per 1,000 units++ dividends, taxable income, underlying
securities are common stocks of public
utilities
Concept Series 4.00% $15 per 100 units underlying securities constitute a
professionally selected portfolio of
common stocks consistent with an
investment idea or concept
Select Ten Portfolios 2.75% $17.50 per 1,000 units 10 highest dividend yielding stocks in
(both domestic and international) a specified securities Index; seeks
higher total return than that Index;
terminates after one year
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* As described in the prospectuses relating to certain Exchange Funds, this
sales charge for secondary market sales may be reduced on a graduated scale
in the case of quantity purchases.
** The reduced sales charge for Units acquired during their initial offering
period is: $20 per unit for Series for which the Reduced Sales Charge for
Secondary Market (above) is $15 per unit; $20 per 100 units for Series for
which the Reduced Sales Charge for Secondary Market is $15 per 100 units;
and $20 per 1,000 units for Series for which the Reduced Sales Charge for
Secondary Market is $15 per 1,000 units.
+ Subject to reduction depending on the maturities of the underlying
Securities.
++ The reduced sales charge for Utility Common Stock Series 6 is $15 per 2,000
units and for prior Utility Common Stock Series is $7.50 per unit.
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APPENDIX
THE CALIFORNIA TRUST
The Portfolio of the California Trust contains different issues of
long-term debt obligations issued by or on behalf of the State of California
(the 'State') and counties, municipalities and other political subdivisions and
other public authorities thereof or by the Government of Puerto Rico or the
Government of Guam or by their respective authorities, all rated in the category
A or better by at least one national rating organization (see Investment
Summary). Investment in the California Trust should be made with an
understanding that the value of the underlying Portfolio may decline with
increases in interest rates.
Risk Factors--Economic Factors. The Governor's 1993-1994 Budget, introduced
on January 8, 1993, proposed general fund expenditures of $37.3 billion, with
projected revenues of $39.9 billion. It also proposed special fund expenditures
of $12.4 billion and special fund revenues of $12.1 billion. To balance the
budget in the face of declining revenues, the Governor proposed a series of
revenue shifts from local government, reliance on increased federal aid, and
reductions in state spending.
The Department of Finance of the State of California's May Revision of
General Fund Revenues and Expenditures (the 'May Revision'), released on May 20,
1993, indicated that the revenue projections of the January budget proposal were
tracking well, with the full year 1992-1993 about $80 million higher than the
January projection. Personal income tax revenue was higher than projected, sales
tax was close to target, and bank and corporation taxes were lagging behind
projections. The May Revision projected the State would have an accumulated
deficit of about $2.75 billion by June 30, 1993. The Governor proposed to
eliminate this deficit over an 18-month period. He also agreed to retain the
0.5% sales tax scheduled to expire June 30 for a six-month period, dedicated to
local public safety purposes, with a November election to determine a permanent
extension. Unlike previous years, the Governor's Budget and May Revision did not
calculate a 'gap' to be closed, but rather set forth revenue and expenditure
forecasts and proposals designed to produce a balanced budget.
The 1993-1994 budget act (the '1993-94 Budget Act') was signed by the
Governor on June 30, 1993, along with implementing legislation. The Governor
vetoed about $71 million in spending.
The 1993-94 Budget Act is predicated on general fund revenues and transfers
estimated at $40.6 billion, $400 million below 1992-93 (and the second
consecutive year of actual decline). The principal reasons for declining revenue
are the continued weak economy and the expiration (or repeal) of three fiscal
steps taken in 1991--a half cent temporary sales tax, a deferral of operating
loss carryforwards, and repeal by initiative of a sales tax on candy and snack
foods.
The 1993-94 Budget Act also assumes special fund revenues of $11.9 billion,
an increase of 2.9 percent over 1992-93.
The 1993-94 Budget Act includes general fund expenditures of $38.5 billion
(a 6.3 percent reduction from projected 1992-93 expenditures of $41.1 billion),
in order to keep a balanced budget within the available revenues. The 1993-94
Budget Act also includes special fund expenditures of $12.1 billion, a 4.2
percent increase. The 1993-94 Budget Act reflects the following major
adjustments:
1. Changes in local government financing to shift about $2.6 billion in
property taxes from cities, counties, special districts and redevelopment
agencies to school and community college districts, thereby reducing
general fund support by an equal amount. About $2.5 billion would be
permanent, reflecting termination of the State's 'bailout' of local
governments following the property tax cuts of Proposition 13 in 1978 (See
'Constitutional, Legislative and Other Factors' below).
The property tax revenue losses for cities and counties are offset in
part by additional sales tax revenues and mandate relief. The temporary 0.5
percent sales tax has been extended through December 31, 1993, for
allocation to counties for public safety programs. The voters approved
Proposition 172 in November 1993 and the 0.5 percent sales tax was extended
permanently for public safety purposes.
Legislation also has been enacted to eliminate state mandates in order
to provide local governments flexibility in making their programs
responsive to local needs. Legislation provides mandate relief for local
justice systems which affect county audit requirements, court reporter
fees, and court consolidation; health and welfare relief involving advisory
boards, family planning, state audits and realignment maintenance
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efforts; and relief in areas such as county welfare department
self-evaluations, noise guidelines and recycling requirements.
Lawsuits have been filed by several local governmental entities
challenging the shift of property taxes. The trial court and the District
Court of Appeal in one case, County of Los Angeles v. Sasaki, have ruled in
favor of the State. The State's petition to coordinate the other lawsuits
into a single proceeding has been granted. Following the Court of Appeal
decision, the trial court in the consolidated proceedings has ruled in
favor of the state.
2. The 1993-94 Budget Act keeps K-12 Proposition 98 funding on a cash
basis at the same per-pupil level as 1992-93 by providing schools a $609
million loan payable from future years' Proposition 98 funds.
3. The 1993-94 Budget Act assumed receipt of about $692 million of aid
to the State from the federal government to offset health and welfare costs
associated with foreign immigrants living in the State, which would reduce
a like amount of General Fund expenditures. About $411 million of this
amount was one-time funding. Congress ultimately appropriated only $450
million.
4. Reductions of $600 million in health and welfare programs.
5. Reductions of $400 million in support for higher education. These
reductions will be partly offset by fee increases at all three units of
higher education.
6. A 2-year suspension of the renters' tax credit ($390 million
expenditure reduction in 1993-94). A constitutional amendment will be
placed on the June 1994 ballot to restore the renter's tax credit after
1994-95.
7. Various miscellaneous cuts (totalling approximately $150 million) in
State government services in many agencies, up to 15 percent.
8. Miscellaneous one-time items, including deferral of payment to the
Public Employees Retirement Fund ($339 million) and a change in accounting
for debt service from accrual to cash basis, saving $107 million.
The 1993-94 Budget Act contains no general fund tax/revenue increases other
than a two year suspension of the renters' tax credit.
The 1994-95 Governor's Budget released January 7, 1994 indicates that the
continued sluggish performance of the State's economy will have an adverse
effect on results for the 1993-94 Fiscal Year. Revenues are now projected to be
$39.7 billion, about $900 million less than the 1993-94 Budget Act, even though
revenues in the first half of the fiscal year have been very close to original
projections.
Expenditures for the 1993-94 Fiscal Year are now projected in the 1994-95
Governor's Budget to be $39.3 billion, about $800 million above the original
1993-94 Budget Act. The main reasons for this change are increased health and
welfare caseloads, lower local property taxes (which require State support for
K-14 education to make up the shortfall), and lower than expected federal
government payments for immigration-related costs. The 1994-95 Governor's Budget
does not reflect possible additional General Fund costs in the 1993-94 Fiscal
Year for earthquake relief.
The Department of Finance's April Bulletin reports that revenues in March
were $294 million above forecast, bringing the year to date total to $57 million
above forecast. Sales and use tax receipts in March were slightly above
forecast, but staying very close to projections. Personal income tax receipts
were far above projections; refunds were lower than anticipated, so this gain
may be offset with refunds in April and May. Withholding remained at or above
forecast. Corporate taxes were $68 million below forecast, indicating that
corporate profits in 1993 were lower than expected. Weakness also was shown in
insurance tax receipts.
On January 17, 1994, a major earthquake measuring an estimated 6.8 on the
Richter Scale struck Los Angeles. Significant property damage to private and
public facilities occurred in a four-county area including northern Los Angeles
County, Ventura County, and parts of Orange and San Bernardino Counties, which
were declared as State and federal disaster areas by January 18. Preliminary
estimates of total property damage (private and public) are in the range of $15
billion or more. However, precise estimates of the damage are being developed
and may change.
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<PAGE>
Despite such damage, on the whole, the vast majority of structures in the
areas, including large manufacturing and commercial buildings and all modern
high-rise offices, survived the earthquake with minimal or no damage, validating
the cumulative effect of strict building codes and thorough preparation for such
an emergency by the State and local agencies.
State-owned facilities including transportation corridors and facilities
such as Interstate Highways 5 and 10 and State Highways 14, 118 and 210, and
certain other State facilities, such as the campus at California State
University--Northridge (which was heavily damaged and is only partly open), the
Van Nuys State Office Building and the University of California at Los Angeles,
sustained some damage. Aside from the road and bridge closures, it is not
expected that this damage will interfere significantly with ongoing State
government operations. Work to date has allowed reopening of the most heavily
damaged sections of the Santa Monica Freeway (Interstate 10).
The State in conjunction with the federal government is committed to
providing assistance to local governments, individuals and businesses suffering
damage as a result of the earthquake, as well as to provide for the repair and
replacement of State-owned facilities. The federal government will provide
substantial earthquake assistance.
The President immediately allocated some available disaster funds, and
Congress has approved additional funds for a total of at least $9.5 billion of
federal funds for earthquake relief, including assistance to homeowners and
small businesses, and costs for repair of damaged public facilities. The
Governor has announced that the State will have to pay about $1.9 billion for
earthquake relief costs, including a 10 percent match to some of the federal
funds, and costs for some programs not covered by the federal aid. The Governor
has proposed to cover $1.05 billion of these costs from a general obligation
bond issue which has been placed on the June, 1994 ballot. Under the Governor's
plan, some of the additional costs would be paid by the General Fund, and some
borrowed from the federal government in a manner similar to that used by the
State of Florida after Hurricane Andrew.
The 1994-95 Fiscal Year will represent the fourth consecutive year the
Governor and Legislature will be faced with a very difficult budget environment
to produce a balanced budget. Many program cuts and budgetary adjustments have
already been made in the last three years. The Governor's Budget once again does
not calculate a 'gap' which must be 'closed'; rather it sets forth revenue and
expenditure forecasts and revenue and expenditure proposals which result in a
balanced budget, including elimination of the accumulated 1992-93 budget deficit
of $2.8 billion.
The Governor's Budget projects General Fund revenues and transfers in
1994-95 of $41.3 billion, about $1.4 billion above 1993-94. Included in these
projections are receipt of $2.0 billion in new federal aid to reimburse the
State for the cost of educating and incarcerating undocumented foreign
immigrants, the transfer of 0.5 percent of the State sales tax to counties, and
tax relief of about $95 million proposed by the Governor for low and moderate
income taxpayers. The Governor's Budget also includes receipt of $600 million
assuming the State will prevail in the Barclays Bank case now before the U.S.
Supreme Court.
The Governor's Budget projects Special Fund revenues of $13.7 billion, an
increase of 9.6 percent over 1993-94 (in part reflecting the tax shift to
counties).
The Governor's Budget projects General Fund expenditures of $38.8 billion
(a 1.3 percent reduction from projected 1993-94 expenditures of $39.3 billion),
in order to keep a balanced budget which pays off the accumulated deficit,
within the available revenues. The Governor's Budget also proposes Special Fund
expenditures of $13.7 billion, a 5.4 percent increase.
The Governor proposes to achieve the General Fund reductions and balance
the 1994-95 Budget with the following major adjustments:
1. Receipt in 1994-95 of about $1.1 billion in additional federal funds
for health and welfare costs which would reduce a like amount of General
Fund expenditures. This is based on a possible change in the federal
formula for dividing such aid among the states ($600 million), a request
for additional aid for undocumented immigrants ($300 million) and various
other health and welfare proposals ($200 million).
2. Reductions of approximately $800 million in health and welfare
programs. In addition, the Governor proposes to transfer approximately $3.3
billion of health and welfare programs to counties, as described below.
3. The Governor's Budget provides continued support for the base level
of funding for the University of California and the California State
University, but does not include additional funding for enrollment
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growth. The Governor's Budget does not propose student fee increases for
either the UC or CSU systems, but will entertain fee increase proposals
from them. To mitigate any potential student fee increases, the Governor's
Budget proposes an increase of $113 million in student financial aid and
$20 million for the Cal-Grant program. The Governor's Budget includes $90
million in new funds to expand financial aid for community colleges, to be
partially offset with an increase in student fees from $13 per unit to $20
per unit.
4. The Governor's Budget proposes an increase of about $2.0 billion in
Proposition 98 General Fund support for K-14 education, exceeding the
Proposition 98 guarantee, reflecting an increase for enrollment growth and
a small decrease for inflation. See 'State Finances Proposition 98' above.
Per student funding is proposed to remain the same as the prior year. The
proposal also reflects retransfer back to counties from school districts of
$1.1 billion of property taxes, with the General Fund to make up the shift.
5. Various miscellaneous cuts (totalling approximately $75 million). The
Govenror did not propose across-the-board cuts, and would suspend the 4
percent automatic budget reduction 'trigger,' as was done in 1993-94, so
cuts can be focused.
The Governor's Budget proposes the largest restructuring of the
State-county relationship since Proposition 13. The proposal's objectives are to
(1) promote economic development, (2) promote local control and accountability,
(3) establish fiscal incentives for program performance, and (4) reduce
bureaucracy. In total, the proposal is a $5.4 billion transaction constructed
with existing revenue sources. However, the proposal is fiscally neutral and
primarily affects counties with a minor benefit for cities. Special districts
and redevelopment agencies are not included in the proposal.
The proposal calls for expanding the realignment program from $2.1 billion
to $5.4 billion by increasing the counties' share of the State sales tax from 12
cents to 1 cent ($1.4 billion), transferring some property tax revenue from
schools to counties ($1.1 billion), and increasing other county revenues ($0.3
billion). In addition, the State would assume responsibility for a greater share
of trial court costs ($0.4 billion). With these additional county resources, the
counties will assume a greater share of costs for AFDC ($1.1 billion), and
Medi-Cal ($1.3 billion) as well as assume full responsibility for Foster Care,
In-Home Supportive Services, Alcohol and Drug programs and functions previously
funded from the County Services Block Grant ($0.8 billion).
The Governor's Budget proposes no tax/revenue increases. Therefore, if the
health and welfare proposals are not adopted or if the federal aid will not be
forthcoming as proposed, additional program cuts or budget adjustments will have
to be made in the 1994-95 Fiscal Year to keep the budget in balance. The
Governor's Budget projects the June 30, 1995 ending balance of the budget
reserve, the Special Fund for Economic Uncertainties to be about $260 million,
or less than 0.5 percent of General Fund revenues. In addition, the State has
filed lawsuits against the federal government for the federal funding of
education, incarceration and providing health services to undocumented
immigrants.
President Clinton's 1995 Fiscal Year Budget does not contain any additional
funds to the State for immigrant-related costs or for revising the formula for
paying health and welfare costs. The Governor and other officials intend to
vigorously pursue these additional federal funds through the Congressional
budget process.
The Governor's Budget assumes the State's regular cash flow borrowing
program in 1994-95, and assumes the budget will be adopted on time. Cash
resources at the start of the 1994-95 fiscal year are projected to be
insufficient to meet all obligations without external borrowing, such as revenue
anticipation notes, reimbursement or refunding warrants or registered warrants
as occurred in 1992.
The Governor's Budget continues to predict that population growth in the
1990s will keep upward pressure on major state programs, such as K-14 education,
health, welfare, and corrections, outstripping projected revenue growth in an
economy only very slowly emerging from a deep recession. The Governor's health,
welfare and local government realignment continue his efforts to keep
expenditures in line with resources in the long term. The Governor's Budget also
proposes significant restructuring of State government, with elimination and
consolidation of several agencies and numerous smaller boards, and a change to
'performance budgeting' which would be more efficient and cost-effective.
On March 7, 1994, the Governor signed an urgency bill (AB971) commonly
referred to as the 'Three Strikes' law. Among other things, this bill provides
for an immediate increase in prison terms for certain persons convicted of
felonies. Until all legislative actions on this subject are completed and final
court interpretations are made, the full impact of this law to the state's
correctional system cannot be predicted. However, the state expects
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to incur significant additional costs associated with the construction and
operation of additional prisons as this law is implemented.
Constitutional, Legislative and Other Factors. Certain California
constitutional amendments, legislative measures, executive orders,
administrative regulations and voter initiatives could result in the adverse
effects described below. The following information constitutes only a brief
summary, does not purport to be a complete description, and is based on
information drawn from official statements and prospectuses relating to
securities offerings of the State of California and various local agencies in
California, available as of the date of this Prospectus. While the Sponsors have
not independently verified such information, they have no reason to believe that
such information is not correct in all material respects.
Certain Debt Obligations in the Portfolio may be obligations of issuers
which rely in whole or in part on California State revenues for payment of these
obligations. Property tax revenues and a portion of the State's general fund
surplus are distributed to counties, cities and their various taxing entities
and the State assumes certain obligations theretofore paid out of local funds.
Whether and to what extent a portion of the State's general fund will be
distributed in the future to counties, cities and their various entities, is
unclear.
On November 1, 1993 the United States Supreme Court agreed to review the
California court decisions in Barclays Bank International, Ltd. v. Franchise Tax
Board and Colgate-Palmolive Company, Inc. v. Franchise Tax Board which upheld
California's worldwide combined reporting ('WWCR') method of taxing corporations
engaged in a unitary business operation against challenges under the foreign
commerce and due process clauses. In 1983, in Container Corporation v. Franchise
Tax Board, the Supreme Court held that the WWCR method did not violate the
foreign commerce clause in the case of a domestic-based unitary business group
with foreign-domiciled subsidiaries, but specifically left open the question of
whether a different result would obtain for a foreign-based multinational
unitary business. Barclays concerns a foreign-based multinational and Colgate-
Palmolive concerns a domestic-based multinational in light of federal foreign
policy developments since 1983. In a brief filed at the Supreme Court's request,
the Clinton Administration had argued that the Court should not hear the
Barclays case, even though there are 'serious questions' about the California
Supreme Court's analysis and holdings, because the recent changes in the law
noted below means the issue in Barclays 'lacks substantial recurring
importance.' The Clinton Administration had previously decided not to become
involved in the Barclays petition. The United States Government under the Bush
Administration, along with various foreign Governments, had appeared as amicus
on behalf of Barclays before the California Courts. The Clinton Administration
appeared as amicus on the merits in the United States Supreme Court supporting
the California Franchise Tax Board, arguing that the Court should judge WWCR by
looking at federal policies in effect at the time the taxes were collected and
stating that the federal government had not indicated to the States during the
1970s and 1980s that it objected to WWCR.
Oral argument was held March 28, 1994. If the Court does not uphold the
State's prior method of taxation, the State could be liable for tax refunds and
will be unable to collect taxes previously assessed, with an aggregate impact of
$3.5 billion to $4 billion.
In 1988, California enacted legislation providing for a water's-edge
combined reporting method if an election fee was paid and other conditions met.
On October 6, 1993, California Governor Pete Wilson signed Senate Bill 671
(Alquist) which modifies the unitary tax law by deleting the requirements that a
taxpayer electing to determine its income on a water's-edge basis pay a fee and
file a domestic disclosure spreadsheet and instead requiring an annual
information return. Significantly, the Franchise Tax Board can no longer
disregard a taxpayer's election. The Franchise Tax Board is reported to have
estimated state revenue losses from the Legislation as growing from $27 million
in 1993-94 to $616 million in 1999-2000, but others, including Assembly Speaker
Willie Brown, disagree with that estimate and assert that more revenue will be
generated for California, rather than less, because of an anticipated increase
in economic activity and additional revenue generated by the incentives in the
Legislation. The United Kingdom has been encouraged by the legislative
developments in California and threatened retaliatory taxation by the United
Kingdom is on hold.
Certain of the Debt Obligations may be obligations of issuers who rely in
whole or in part on ad valorem real property taxes as a source of revenue. On
June 6, 1978, California voters approved an amendment to the California
Constitution known as Proposition 13, which added Article XIIIA to the
California Constitution. The effect of Article XIIIA is to limit ad valorem
taxes on real property and to restrict the ability of taxing entities to
increase real property tax revenues. On November 7, 1978, California voters
approved Proposition 8, and on June 3, 1986, California voters approved
Proposition 46, both of which amended Article XIIIA.
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Section 1 of Article XIIIA limits the maximum ad valorem tax on real
property to 1% of full cash value (as defined in Section 2), to be collected by
the counties and apportioned according to law; provided that the 1% limitation
does not apply to ad valorem taxes or special assessments to pay the interest
and redemption charges on (i) any indebtedness approved by the voters prior to
July 1, 1978, or (ii) any bonded indebtedness for the acquisition or improvement
of real property approved on or after July 1, 1978, by two-thirds of the votes
cast by the voters voting on the proposition. Section 2 of Article XIIIA defines
'full cash value' to mean 'the County Assessor's valuation of real property as
shown on the 1975/76 tax bill under 'full cash value' or, thereafter, the
appraised value of real property when purchased, newly constructed, or a change
in ownership has occurred after the 1975 assessment.' The full cash value may be
adjusted annually to reflect inflation at a rate not to exceed 2% per year, or
reduction in the consumer price index or comparable local data, or reduced in
the event of declining property value caused by damage, destruction or other
factors. The California State Board of Equalization has adopted regulations,
binding on county assessors, interpreting the meaning of 'change in ownership'
and 'new construction' for purposes of determining full cash value of property
under Article XIIIA.
Legislation enacted by the California Legislature to implement Article
XIIIA (Statutes of 1978, Chapter 292, as amended) provides that notwithstanding
any other law, local agencies may not levy any ad valorem property tax except to
pay debt service on indebtedness approved by the voters prior to July 1, 1978,
and that each county will levy the maximum tax permitted by Article XIIIA of
$4.00 per $100 assessed valuation (based on the former practice of using 25%,
instead of 100%, of full cash value as the assessed value for tax purposes). The
legislation further provided that, for the 1978/79 fiscal year only, the tax
levied by each county was to be apportioned among all taxing agencies within the
county in proportion to their average share of taxes levied in certain previous
years. The apportionment of property taxes for fiscal years after 1978/79 has
been revised pursuant to Statutes of 1979, Chapter 282 which provides relief
funds from State moneys beginning in fiscal year 1979/80 and is designed to
provide a permanent system for sharing State taxes and budget funds with local
agencies. Under Chapter 282, cities and counties receive more of the remaining
property tax revenues collected under Proposition 13 instead of direct State
aid. School districts receive a correspondingly reduced amount of property
taxes, but receive compensation directly from the State and are given additional
relief. Chapter 282 does not affect the derivation of the base levy ($4.00 per
$100 assessed valuation) and the bonded debt tax rate.
On November 6, 1979, an initiative known as 'Proposition 4' or the 'Gann
Initiative' was approved by the California voters, which added Article XIIIB to
the California Constitution. Under Article XIIIB, State and local governmental
entities have an annual 'appropriations limit' and are not allowed to spend
certain moneys called 'appropriations subject to limitation' in an amount higher
than the 'appropriations limit.' Article XIIIB does not affect the appropriation
of moneys which are excluded from the definition of 'appropriations subject to
limitation,' including debt service on indebtedness existing or authorized as of
January 1, 1979, or bonded indebtedness subsequently approved by the voters. In
general terms, the 'appropriations limit' is required to be based on certain
1978/79 expenditures, and is to be adjusted annually to reflect changes in
consumer prices, population, and certain services provided by these entities.
Article XIIIB also provides that if these entities' revenues in any year exceed
the amounts permitted to be spent, the excess is to be returned by revising tax
rates or fee schedules over the subsequent two years.
At the November 8, 1988 general election, California voters approved an
initiative known as Proposition 98. This initiative amends Article XIIIB to
require that (i) the California Legislature establish a prudent state reserve
fund in an amount as it shall deem reasonable and necessary and (ii) revenues in
excess of amounts permitted to be spent and which would otherwise be returned
pursuant to Article XIIIB by revision of tax rates or fee schedules, be
transferred and allocated (up to a maximum of 4%) to the State School Fund and
be expended solely for purposes of instructional improvement and accountability.
No such transfer or allocation of funds will be required if certain designated
state officials determine that annual student expenditures and class size meet
certain criteria as set forth in Proposition 98. Any funds allocated to the
State School Fund shall cause the appropriation limits established in Article
XIIIB to be annually increased for any such allocation made in the prior year.
Proposition 98 also amends Article XVI to require that the State of
California provide a minimum level of funding for public schools and community
colleges. Commencing with the 1988-89 fiscal year, state monies to support
school districts and community college districts shall equal or exceed the
lesser of (i) an amount equalling the percentage of state general revenue bonds
for school and community college districts in fiscal year 1986-87, or (ii) an
amount equal to the prior year's state general fund proceeds of taxes
appropriated under Article XIIIB plus allocated proceeds of local taxes, after
adjustment under Article XIIIB. The initiative permits the enactment of
legislation, by a two-thirds vote, to suspend the minimum funding requirement
for one year.
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On June 30, 1989, the California Legislature enacted Senate Constitutional
Amendment 1, a proposed modification of the California Constitution to alter the
spending limit and the education funding provisions of Proposition 98. Senate
Constitutional Amendment 1, on the June 5, 1990 ballot as Proposition 111, was
approved by the voters and took effect on July 1, 1990. Among a number of
important provisions, Proposition 111 recalculates spending limits for the State
and for local governments, allows greater annual increases in the limits, allows
the averaging of two years' tax revenues before requiring action regarding
excess tax revenues, reduces the amount of the funding guarantee in recession
years for school districts and community college districts (but with a floor of
40.9 percent of State general fund tax revenues), removes the provision of
Proposition 98 which included excess moneys transferred to school districts and
community college districts in the base calculation for the next year, limits
the amount of State tax revenue over the limit which would be transferred to
school districts and community college districts, and exempts increased gasoline
taxes and truck weight fees from the State appropriations limit. Additionally,
Proposition 111 exempts from the State appropriations limit funding for capital
outlays.
Article XIIIB, like Article XIIIA, may require further interpretation by
both the Legislature and the courts to determine its applicability to specific
situations involving the State and local taxing authorities. Depending upon the
interpretation, Article XIIIB may limit significantly a governmental entity's
ability to budget sufficient funds to meet debt service on bonds and other
obligations.
On November 4, 1986, California voters approved an initiative statute known
as Proposition 62. This initiative (i) requires that any tax for general
governmental purposes imposed by local governments be approved by resolution or
ordinance adopted by a two-thirds vote of the governmental entity's legislative
body and by a majority vote of the electorate of the governmental entity, (ii)
requires that any special tax (defined as taxes levied for other than general
governmental purposes) imposed by a local governmental entity be approved by a
two-thirds vote of the voters within that jurisdiction, (iii) restricts the use
of revenues from a special tax to the purposes or for the service for which the
special tax was imposed, (iv) prohibits the imposition of ad valorem taxes on
real property by local governmental entities except as permitted by Article
XIIIA, (v) prohibits the imposition of transaction taxes and sales taxes on the
sale of real property by local governments, (vi) requires that any tax imposed
by a local government on or after August 1, 1985 be ratified by a majority vote
of the electorate within two years of the adoption of the initiative or be
terminated by November 15, 1988, (vii) requires that, in the event a local
government fails to comply with the provisions of this measure, a reduction in
the amount of property tax revenue allocated to such local government occurs in
an amount equal to the revenues received by such entity attributable to the tax
levied in violation of the initiative, and (viii) permits these provisions to be
amended exclusively by the voters of the State of California.
In September 1988, the California Court of Appeal in City of Westminster v.
County of Orange, 204 Cal. App. 3d 623, 215 Cal. Rptr. 511 (Cal. Ct. App. 1988),
held that Proposition 62 is unconstitutional to the extent that it requires a
general tax by a general law city, enacted on or after August 1, 1985 and prior
to the effective date of Proposition 62, to be subject to approval by a majority
of voters. The Court held that the California Constitution prohibits the
imposition of a requirement that local tax measures be submitted to the
electorate by either referendum or initiative. It is not possible to predict the
impact of this decision on charter cities, on special taxes or on new taxes
imposed after the effective date of Proposition 62.
On November 8, 1988, California voters approved Proposition 87. Proposition
87 amended Article XVI, Section 16, of the California Constitution by
authorizing the California Legislature to prohibit redevelopment agencies from
receiving any of the property tax revenue raised by increased property tax rates
levied to repay bonded indebtedness of local governments which is approved by
voters on or after January 1, 1989. It is not possible to predict whether the
California Legislature will enact such a prohibition nor is it possible to
predict the impact of Proposition 87 on redevelopment agencies and their ability
to make payments on outstanding debt obligations.
Certain Debt Obligations in the Portfolio may be obligations which are
payable solely from the revenues of health care institutions. Certain provisions
under California law may adversely affect these revenues and, consequently,
payment on those Debt Obligations.
The Federally sponsored Medicaid program for health care services to
eligible welfare beneficiaries in California is known as the Medi-Cal program.
Historically, the Medi-Cal Program has provided for a cost-based system of
reimbursement for inpatient care furnished to Medi-Cal beneficiaries by any
hospital wanting to participate in the Medi-Cal program, provided such hospital
met applicable requirements for participation. California law now provides that
the State of California shall selectively contract with hospitals to provide
acute
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inpatient services to Medi-Cal patients. Medi-Cal contracts currently apply only
to acute inpatient services. Generally, such selective contracting is made on a
flat per diem payment basis for all services to Medi-Cal beneficiaries, and
generally such payment has not increased in relation to inflation, costs or
other factors. Other reductions or limitations may be imposed on payment for
services rendered to Medi-Cal beneficiaries in the future.
Under this approach, in most geographical areas of California, only those
hospitals which enter into a Medi-Cal contract with the State of California will
be paid for non-emergency acute inpatient services rendered to Medi-Cal
beneficiaries. The State may also terminate these contracts without notice under
certain circumstances and is obligated to make contractual payments only to the
extent the California legislature appropriates adequate funding therefor.
In February 1987, the Governor of the State of California announced that
payments to Medi-Cal providers for certain services (not including hospital
acute inpatient services) would be decreased by ten percent through June 1987.
However, a federal district court issued a preliminary injunction preventing
application of any cuts until a trial on the merits can be held. If the
injunction is deemed to have been granted improperly, the State of California
would be entitled to recapture the payment differential for the intended
reduction period. It is not possible to predict at this time whether any
decreases will ultimately be implemented.
California enacted legislation in 1982 that authorizes private health plans
and insurers to contract directly with hospitals for services to beneficiaries
on negotiated terms. Some insurers have introduced plans known as 'preferred
provider organizations' ('PPOs'), which offer financial incentives for
subscribers who use only the hospitals which contract with the plan. Under an
exclusive provider plan, which includes most health maintenance organizations
('HMOs'), private payors limit coverage to those services provided by selected
hospitals. Discounts offered to HMOs and PPOs may result in payment to the
contracting hospital of less than actual cost and the volume of patients
directed to a hospital under an HMO or PPO contract may vary significantly from
projections. Often, HMO or PPO contracts are enforceable for a stated term,
regardless of provider losses or of bankruptcy of the respective HMO or PPO. It
is expected that failure to execute and maintain such PPO and HMO contracts
would reduce a hospital's patient base or gross revenues. Conversely,
participation may maintain or increase the patient base, but may result in
reduced payment and lower net income to the contracting hospitals.
These Debt Obligations may also be insured by the State of California
pursuant to an insurance program implemented by the Office of Statewide Health
Planning and Development for health facility construction loans. If a default
occurs on insured Debt Obligations, the State Treasurer will issue debentures
payable out of a reserve fund established under the insurance program or will
pay principal and interest on an unaccelerated basis from unappropriated State
funds. At the request of the Office of Statewide Health Planning and
Development, Arthur D. Little, Inc. prepared a study in December, 1983, to
evaluate the adequacy of the reserve fund established under the insurance
program and based on certain formulations and assumptions found the reserve fund
substantially underfunded. In September of 1986, Arthur D. Little, Inc. prepared
an update of the study and concluded that an additional 10% reserve be
established for 'multi-level' facilities. For the balance of the reserve fund,
the update recommended maintaining the current reserve calculation method. In
March of 1990, Arthur D. Little, Inc. prepared a further review of the study and
recommended that separate reserves continue to be established for 'multi-level'
facilities at a reserve level consistent with those that would be required by an
insurance company.
Certain Debt Obligations in the Portfolio may be obligations which are
secured in whole or in part by a mortgage or deed of trust on real property.
California has five principal statutory provisions which limit the remedies of a
creditor secured by a mortgage or deed of trust. Two limit the creditor's right
to obtain a deficiency judgment, one limitation being based on the method of
foreclosure and the other on the type of debt secured. Under the former, a
deficiency judgment is barred when the foreclosure is accomplished by means of a
nonjudicial trustee's sale. Under the latter, a deficiency judgment is barred
when the foreclosed mortgage or deed of trust secures certain purchase money
obligations. Another California statute, commonly known as the 'one form of
action' rule, requires creditors secured by real property to exhaust their real
property security by foreclosure before bringing a personal action against the
debtor. The fourth statutory provision limits any deficiency judgment obtained
by a creditor secured by real property following a judicial sale of such
property to the excess of the outstanding debt over the fair value of the
property at the time of the sale, thus preventing the creditor from obtaining a
large deficiency judgment against the debtor as the result of low bids at a
judicial sale. The fifth statutory provision gives the debtor the right to
redeem the real property from any judicial foreclosure sale as to which a
deficiency judgment may be ordered against the debtor.
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Upon the default of a mortgage or deed of trust with respect to California
real property, the creditor's nonjudicial foreclosure rights under the power of
sale contained in the mortgage or deed of trust are subject to the constraints
imposed by California law upon transfers of title to real property by private
power of sale. During the three-month period beginning with the filing of a
formal notice of default, the debtor is entitled to reinstate the mortgage by
making any overdue payments. Under standard loan servicing procedures, the
filing of the formal notice of default does not occur unless at least three full
monthly payments have become due and remain unpaid. The power of sale is
exercised by posting and publishing a notice of sale for at least 20 days after
expiration of the three-month reinstatement period. Therefore, the effective
minimum period for foreclosing on a mortgage could be in excess of seven months
after the initial default. Such time delays in collections could disrupt the
flow of revenues available to an issuer for the payment of debt service on the
outstanding obligations if such defaults occur with respect to a substantial
number of mortgages or deeds of trust securing an issuer's obligations.
In addition, a court could find that there is sufficient involvement of the
issuer in the nonjudicial sale of property securing a mortgage for such private
sale to constitute 'state action,' and could hold that the private-right-of-sale
proceedings violate the due process requirements of the Federal or State
Constitutions, consequently preventing an issuer from using the nonjudicial
foreclosure remedy described above.
Certain Debt Obligations in the Portfolio may be obligations which finance
the acquisition of single family home mortgages for low and moderate income
mortgagors. These obligations may be payable solely from revenues derived from
the home mortgages, and are subject to California's statutory limitations
described above applicable to obligations secured by real property. Under
California antideficiency legislation, there is no personal recourse against a
mortgagor of a single family residence purchased with the loan secured by the
mortgage, regardless of whether the creditor chooses judicial or nonjudicial
foreclosure.
Under California law, mortgage loans secured by single-family
owner-occupied dwellings may be prepaid at any time. Prepayment charges on such
mortgage loans may be imposed only with respect to voluntary prepayments made
during the first five years during the term of the mortgage loan, and cannot in
any event exceed six months' advance interest on the amount prepaid in excess of
20%of the original principal amount of the mortgage loan. This limitation could
affect the flow of revenues available to an issuer for debt service on the
outstanding debt obligations which financed such home mortgages.
CALIFORNIA TAXES
In the opinion of O'Melveny & Myers, Los Angeles, California, special
counsel on California tax matters, under existing California law:
The Trust Fund is not an association taxable as a corporation for
California tax purposes. Each Holder will be considered the owner of a pro
rata portion of the Trust Fund and will be deemed to receive his pro rata
portion of the income therefrom. To the extent interest on the Debt
Obligations is exempt from California personal income taxes, said interest
is similarly exempt from California personal income taxes in the hands of
the Holders, except to the extent such Holders are banks or corporations
subject to the California franchise tax. Holders will be subject to
California income tax on any gain on the disposition of all or part of his
pro rata portion of a Debt Obligation in the Trust Fund. A Holder will be
considered to have disposed of all or part of his pro rata portion of each
Debt Obligation when he sells or redeems all or some of his Units. A Holder
will also be considered to have disposed of all or part of his pro rata
portion of a Debt Obligation when all or part of the Debt Obligation is
sold by the Trust Fund or is redeemed or paid at maturity. The Debt
Obligations and the Units are not taxable under the California personal
property tax law.
THE MICHIGAN TRUST
The Portfolio of the Michigan Trust contains different issues of debt
obligations issued by or on behalf of the State of Michigan (the 'State') and
counties, municipalities and other political subdivisions and other public
authorities thereof or by the Government of Puerto Rico or the Government of
Guam or by their respective authorities, all rated in the category A or better
by at least one national rating organization (see Investment Summary).
Investment in the Michigan Trust should be made with an understanding that the
value of the underlying Portfolio may decline with increases in interest rates.
RISK FACTORS--Due primarily to the fact that the leading sector of the
State's economy is the manufacturing of durable goods, economic activity in the
State has tended to be more cyclical than in the nation as a whole. While the
State's efforts to diversify its economy have proven successful, as reflected by
the fact that the share of employment in the State in the durable goods sector
has fallen from 33.1 percent in 1960 to 15.1 percent in 1993,
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durable goods manufacturing still represents a sizable portion of the State's
economy. As a result, any substantial national economic downturn is likely to
have an adverse effect on the economy of the State and on the revenues of the
State and some of its local governmental units. Recently, as well as
historically, the average monthly unemployment rate in the State has been higher
than the average figures for the United States. For example, for 1993 the
average monthly unemployment rate in this State was 7.0% as compared to a
national average of 6.8% in the United States.
The Michigan Constitution limits the amount of total revenues of the State
raised from taxes and certain other sources to a level for each fiscal year
equal to a percentage of the State's personal income for the prior calendar
year. In the event the State's total revenues exceed the limit by 1% or more,
the Constitution requires that the excess be refunded to taxpayers. The State
Constitution does not prohibit the increasing of taxes so long as revenues are
expected to amount to less than the revenue limit and authorizes exceeding the
limit for emergencies when deemed necessary by the governor and a two-thirds
vote of the members of each house of the legislature. The State Constitution
further provides that the proportion of State spending paid to all local units
to total spending may not be reduced below the proportion in effect in the
1978-79 fiscal year. The Constitution requires that if the spending does not
meet the required level in a given year an additional appropriation for local
units is required for the following fiscal year. The State Constitution also
requires the State to finance any new or expanded activity of local units
mandated by State law. Any expenditures required by this provision would be
counted as State spending for local units for purposes of determining compliance
with the provisions cited above.
The State Constitution limits State general obligation debt to (i)
short-term debt for State operating purposes; (ii) short-and long-term debt for
purposes of making loans to school districts; and (iii) long-term debt for a
voter-approved purpose. Short-term debt for operating purposes is limited to an
amount not in excess of fifteen (15%) percent of undedicated revenues received
by the State during the preceding fiscal year and must mature in the same fiscal
year in which it is issued. Debt incurred by the State for purposes of making
loans to school districts is recommended by the Superintendent of Public
Instruction who certifies the amounts necessary for loans to school districts
for the ensuing two (2) calendar years. These bonds may be issued without vote
of the electors of the State and in whatever amount required. There is no limit
on the amount of long-term voter-approved State general obligation debt. In
addition to the foregoing, the State authorizes special purpose agencies and
authorities to issue revenue bonds payable from designated revenues and fees.
Revenue bonds are not obligations of the State and in the event of shortfalls in
self-supporting revenues, the State has no legal obligation to appropriate money
to meet debt service payments. The Michigan State Housing Development Authority
has a capital reserve fund pledged for the payment of debt service on its bonds
derived from State appropriation. The act creating this Authority provides that
the Governor's proposed budget include an amount sufficient to replenish any
deficiency in the capital reserve fund. The legislature, however, is not
obligated to appropriate such moneys and any such appropriation would require a
two-thirds vote of the members of the legislature. Obligations of all other
authorities and agencies of the State are payable solely from designated
revenues or fees and no right to certify to the legislature exists with respect
to those authorities or agencies.
The State finances its operations through the State's General Fund and
special revenue funds. The General Fund receives revenues of the State that are
not specifically required to be included in the Special Revenue Fund. General
Fund revenues are obtained approximately 59% from the payment of State taxes and
41% from federal and non-tax revenue sources. The majority of the revenues from
State taxes are from the State's personal income tax, single business tax, use
tax, sales tax and various other taxes. Approximately 60% of total General Fund
expenditures have been for State support of public education and for social
services programs. Other significant expenditures from the General Fund provide
funds for law enforcement, general State government, debt service and capital
outlay. The State Constitution requires that any prior year's surplus or deficit
in any fund must be included in the next succeeding year's budget for that fund.
In recent years, the State of Michigan has reported its financial results
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. For each of the
five fiscal years ending with the fiscal year ended September 30, 1989, the
State reported positive year-end balances and positive cash balances in the
combined General Fund/School Aid Fund. For the fiscal years ended September 30,
1990 and 1991, the State reported negative year-end General Fund balances of
$310.3 million and $169.4 million, respectively, but ended the 1992 fiscal year
with its General Fund in balance. A positive cash balance in the combined
General Fund/School Aid Fund was recorded at September 30, 1990. In each of the
three prior fiscal years the State has undertaken mid-year actions to address
projected year-end budget deficits, including expenditure cuts and deferrals and
one-time expenditures or revenue recognition adjustments. The State reported a
balance in the General Fund as of September 30, 1993 of $26.0 million after a
transfer of $283 million to the Budget Stabilization Fund described below. From
1991 through
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1993 the State experienced deteriorating cash balances which have necessitated
short-term borrowings and the deferral of certain scheduled cash payments to
local units of government. The State borrowed $700 million for cash flow
purposes in the 1992 fiscal year and $900 million in the 1993 fiscal year. The
State has a Budget Stabilization Fund which had an accrued balance of $20.1
million as of September 30, 1992; and, after a transfer of $283 million on an
accrual basis upon completion of the State's financial reports, an ending
balance of $303 million as of September 30, 1993.
In April, 1986, Moody's upgraded Michigan's general obligation credit
rating from A to A-1 and Standard & Poor's raised its rating on the State's
general obligation bonds from AI to AA-. In October, 1989, Standard & Poor's
raised its rating again to AA. Early in 1992, Standard & Poor's maintained this
rating.
The State's economy could continue to be affected by changes in the auto
industry, notably consolidation and plant closings resulting from competitive
pressures and over-capacity. In particular, General Motors Corporation scheduled
closings of several of its plants in Michigan beginning in 1993 and continuing
into 1994. The impact these closures will have on the state's revenues and
expenditures is not currently known. The financial impact on the local units of
government in the areas in which plants are or have been closed could be more
severe than on the State as a whole. State appropriations and State economic
conditions in varying degrees affect the cash flow and budgets of local units
and agencies of the State, including school districts and municipalities, as
well as the State of Michigan itself.
Amendments to the Michigan Constitution which place limitations on
increases in State taxes and local ad valorem taxes (including taxes used to
meet debt service commitments on obligations of taxing units) were approved by
the voters of the State of Michigan in November 1978 and became effective on
December 23, 1978. To the extent that obligations in the Portfolio are
tax-supported and are for local units and have not been voted by the taxing
unit's electors and have been issued on or subsequent to December 23, 1978, the
ability of the local units to levy debt service taxes might be affected.
State law provides for distributions of certain State collected taxes or
portions thereof to local units based in part on population as shown by census
figures and authorizes levy of certain local taxes by local units having a
certain level of population as determined by census figures. Reductions in
population in local units resulting from periodic census could result in a
reduction in the amount of State collected taxes returned to those local units
and in reductions in levels of local tax collections for such local units unless
the impact of the census is changed by State law. No assurance can be given that
any such State law will be enacted. In the 1991 fiscal year, the State deferred
certain scheduled payments to municipalities, school districts, universities and
community colleges. While such deferrals were made up at later dates, similar
future deferrals could have an adverse impact on the cash position of some local
units. Additionally, the State reduced revenue sharing payments to
municipalities below that level provided under formulas by $10.9 million in the
1991 fiscal year, $34.4 million in the 1992 fiscal year $45.5 million in the
1993 fiscal year and $64.6 million (budgeted) in the 1994 fiscal year.
On March 15, 1994, the electors of the State voted to amend the State's
Constitution to increase the State sales tax rate from 4% to 6% and to place an
annual cap on property assessment increases for all property taxes. Companion
legislation further provides for all property taxes. Companion legislation
further provides for a cut in State's income tax rate from 4.6% to 4.4%. In
addition, property taxes for school operating purposes will be reduced and
school funding will be provided from a combination of property taxes and state
revenues, some of which will be provided from new or increased State taxes. The
legislation also contains other provisions that may reduce or alter the revenues
of local units of government and tax increment bonds could be particularly
affected. While the ultimate impact of the constitutional amendment and related
legislation cannot yet be accurately predicted, investors should be alert to the
potential effect of such measures upon the operations and revenues of Michigan
local units of government.
The foregoing financial conditions and constitutional provisions could
adversely affect the State's or local unit's ability to continue existing
services or facilities or finance new services or facilities, and, as a result,
could adversely affect the market value or marketability of the Michigan
obligations in the Portfolio and indirectly affect the ability of local units to
pay debt service on their obligations, particularly in view of the dependency of
local units upon State aid and reimbursement programs.
The Portfolio may contain obligations of the Michigan State Building
Authority. These obligations are payable from rentals to be paid by the State as
part of the State's general operating budget. The foregoing financial conditions
and constitutional provisions could affect the ability of the State to pay
rentals to the Authority and thus adversely affect payment of the State Building
Authority Bonds.
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The Portfolio may contain general obligation bonds of local units pledging
the full faith and credit of the local unit which are payable from the levy of
ad valorem taxes on all taxable property within the jurisdiction of the local
unit. If the general obligation bonds were issued on or before December 22,
1978, or if issued thereafter and approved by a majority vote of the electors of
the local unit, the local unit has the right and the duty to impose ad valorem
taxes for debt service without limitation as to rate or amount. If the
obligations were issued after December 22, 1978, and not approved by the
electors of the local unit, then the right and duty of the local unit to levy
taxes is limited to taxes levied within charter, statutory or constitutional tax
rate limitations applicable to that local unit and taxes may not be levied for
debt service in excess of those limitations. For those limited tax obligations,
no assurance can be given that if the taxing power is not sufficient to meet
debt service and operating requirements, a court might not require the taxes be
applied first to the operations of the local unit and then to the payment of
debt service on the general obligations. The ability of the local unit to pay
debt service commitments out of the ad valorem taxes levied for such purposes
may be adversely affected by a larger than anticipated delinquency in the rate
of tax collection or as a result of an administrative or judicial delay in the
time for collection of ad valorem tax assessments. In addition, several major
industrial corporations have instituted challenges of their ad valorem property
tax assessments in a number of local municipal units in the State. If
successful, such challenges may have an adverse impact on the ad valorem tax
bases, which could adversely affect the ability of the local taxing unit to
raise funds for operating and debt service requirements.
The Portfolio may contain obligations issued by various school districts
pledging the full faith and credit of the school district. The ability of the
school district to pay debt service may be adversely affected by those factors
described above for general obligation bonds and, if the obligations were not
voted by that school's electors by the restructuring of school operating funding
as described above. The school district obligations also may be qualified for
participation in the Michigan School Bond Loan Fund. If the bonds are so
qualified, then in the event the school district is for any reason unable to pay
its debt service commitments when due, the school district is required to borrow
the deficiency from the School Bond Loan Fund and the State is required to make
the loan. The School Bond Loan Fund is funded by means of debt obligations
issued by the State. In the event of fiscal and cash flow difficulties of the
State the availability of sufficient cash or the ability of the State to sell
debt obligations to fund the School Bond Loan Fund may be adversely affected and
this could adversely affect the ability of the State to make loans it is
required to make to school districts issuing qualified school bonds in the event
the school district's tax levies are insufficient therefor.
The Portfolio may contain obligations issued in the past fifteen years
during periods in which interest rates were higher than at present. To the
extent such obligations are callable prior to maturity the issuer may elect to
redeem the obligations in order to realize substantial savings in debt service.
MICHIGAN TAXES
In the opinion of Miller, Canfield, Paddock and Stone, Detroit, Michigan,
special counsel on Michigan tax matters, under existing Michigan law:
The Michigan Trust and the owners of Units will be treated for purposes
of the Michigan income tax laws and the Single Business Tax in
substantially the same manner as they are for purposes of Federal income
tax laws, as currently enacted. Accordingly, we have relied upon the
opinion of Messrs. Davis, Polk & Wardwell as to the applicability of
Federal income tax under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to
the Michigan Trust and the Holders of Units.
Under the income tax laws of the State of Michigan, the Michigan Trust
is not an association taxable as a corporation; the income of the Michigan
Trust will be treated as the income of the Holders of Units of the Michigan
Trust and be deemed to have been received by them when received by the
Michigan Trust. Interest on the Debt Obligations in the Michigan Trust
which is exempt from tax under the Michigan income tax laws when received
by the Michigan Trust will retain its status as tax exempt interest to the
Holders of Units of the Michigan Trust.
For purposes of the Michigan income tax laws, each Holder of Units of
the Michigan Trust will be considered to have received his pro rata share
of interest on each Debt Obligation in the Michigan Trust when it is
received by the Michigan Trust, and each Holder will have a taxable event
when the Michigan Trust disposes of a Debt Obligation (whether by sale,
exchange, redemption or payment at maturity) or when the Unit Holder
redeems or sells his Unit, to the extent the transaction constitutes a
taxable event for Federal income tax purposes. The tax cost of each Unit to
a Unit Holder will be established and allocated for
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purposes of the Michigan income tax laws in the same manner as such cost is
established and allocated for Federal income tax purposes.
Under the Michigan intangibles tax, the Michigan Trust is not taxable
and the pro rata ownership of the underlying Debt Obligations, as well as
the interest thereon, will be exempt to the Holders of Units to the extent
the Michigan Trust consists of obligations of the State of Michigan or its
political subdivisions or municipalities or obligations of the Government
of Puerto Rico, or of any, other possession, agency or instrumentality of
the United States.
The Michigan Single Business Tax replaced the tax on corporate and
financial institution income under the Michigan Income Tax, and the
intangibles tax with respect to those intangibles of persons subject to the
Single Business Tax the income from which would be considered in computing
the Single Business Tax. Persons are subject to the Single Business Tax
only if they are engaged in 'business activity', as defined in the Act.
Under the Single Business Tax, both interest received by the Michigan Trust
on the underlying Debt Obligations and any amount distributed from the
Michigan Trust to a Unit Holder, if not included in determining taxable
income for Federal income tax purposes, is also not included in the
adjusted tax base upon which the Single Business Tax is computed, of either
the Michigan Trust or the Unit Holders. If the Michigan Trust or the Unit
Holders have a taxable event for Federal income tax purposes, when the
Michigan Trust disposes of a Debt Obligation (whether by sale, exchange,
redemption or payment at maturity) or the Holder redeems or sells his Unit,
an amount equal to any gain realized from such taxable event which was
included in the computation of taxable income for Federal income tax
purposes (plus an amount equal to any capital gain of an individual
realized in connection with such event but deducted in computing that
individual's Federal taxable income) will be included in the tax base
against which, after allocation, apportionment and other adjustments, the
Single Business Tax is computed. The tax base will be reduced by an amount
equal to any capital loss realized from such a taxable event, whether or
not the capital loss was deducted in computing Federal taxable income in
the year the loss occurred. Holders should consult their tax advisor as to
their status under Michigan law.
In rendering the above Opinion, special Michigan counsel also advises that,
as the Tax Reform Act of 1986 eliminates the capital gain deduction for tax
years beginning after December 31, 1986, the Federal adjusted gross income, the
computation base for the Michigan income tax, of a Unit Holder will be increased
accordingly to the extent such capital gains are realized when the Michigan
Trust disposes of a Debt Obligation or when the Unit Holder redeems or sells a
Unit, to the extent such transaction constitutes a taxable event for Federal
income tax purposes.
THE NEW JERSEY TRUST
The Portfolio of the New Jersey Trust contains different issues of debt
obligations issued by or on behalf of the State of New Jersey (the 'State') and
counties, municipalities and other political subdivisions and other public
authorities thereof or by the Government of Puerto Rico or the Government of
Guam or by their respective authorities, all rated in the category A or better
by at least one national rating organization (see Investment Summary).
Investment in the New Jersey Trust should be made with an understanding that the
value of the underlying Portfolio may decline with increases in interest rates.
RISK FACTORS--Prospective investors should consider the recent financial
difficulties and pressures which the State of New Jersey and certain of its
public authorities have undergone.
The State's 1994 Fiscal Year budget became law on June 30, 1993.
The New Jersey State Constitution prohibits the legislature from making
appropriations in any fiscal year in excess of the total revenue on hand and
anticipated, as certified by the Governor. It additionally prohibits a debt or
liability that exceeds 1% of total appropriations for the year, unless it is in
connection with a refinancing to produce a debt service savings or it is
approved at a general election. Such debt must be authorized by law and applied
to a single specified object or work. Laws authorizing such debt provide the
ways and means, exclusive of loans, to pay as it becomes due and the principal
within 35 years from the time the debt is contracted. These laws may not be
repealed until the principal and interest are fully paid. These Constitutional
provisions do not apply to debt incurred because of war, insurrection or
emergencies caused by disaster.
Pursuant to Article VIII, Section II, par. 2 of the New Jersey
Constitution, no monies may be drawn from the State Treasury except for
appropriations made by law. In addition, the monies for the support of State
government and all State purposes, as far as can be ascertained, must be
provided for in one general appropriation
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law covering one and the same fiscal year. The State operates on a fiscal year
beginning July 1 and ending June 30. For example, 'fiscal 1994' refers to the
year ended June 30, 1994.
In addition to the Constitutional provisions, the New Jersey statutes
contain provisions concerning the budget and appropriation system. Under these
provisions, each unit of the State requests an appropriation from the Director
of the Division of Budget and Accounting, who reviews the budget requests and
forwards them with his recommendations to the Governor. The Governor then
transmits his recommended expenditures and sources of anticipated revenue to the
legislature, which reviews the Governor's Budget Message and submits an
appropriations bill to the Governor for his signature by July 1 of each year. At
the time of signing the bill, the Governor may revise appropriations or
anticipated revenues. That action can be reversed by a two-thirds vote of each
House. No supplemental appropriation may be enacted after adoption of the act,
except where there are sufficient revenues on hand or anticipated, as certified
by the Governor, to meet the appropriation. Finally, the Governor may, during
the course of the year, prevent the expenditure of various appropriations when
revenues are below those anticipated or when he determines that such expenditure
is not in the best interest of the State.
In 1992, employment in services and government turned around in the State,
growing over the year by 0.7% and 0.3%, respectively. These increases were
outweighed by declines in other sectors -- especially in manufacturing,
wholesale and retail trade, and construction -- resulting in a net decline in
non-farm employment of 1.7% in 1992. Non-farm employment continued to decline in
1993 but the rate of decline has tapered off. Employment in the first nine
months of 1993 was 1.0% lower than in the same period in 1992. Gains were
recorded in services, government, finance/insurance/real estate and
transportation/communication/public utilities. Declines continued in trade,
construction and manufacturing.
The economic recovery is likely to be slow and uneven in both New Jersey
and the nation. Some sectors, like commercial and industrial construction, will
undoubtedly lag because of continued excess capacity. Also, employers in
rebounding sectors can be expected to remain cautious about hiring until they
become convinced that improved business will be sustained. Other firms will
continue to merge or downsize to increase profitability. As a result, job gains
will probably come grudgingly and unemployment will recede at a correspondingly
slow pace.
One of the major reasons for cautious optimism is found in the construction
industry. Total construction contracts awarded in New Jersey have turned around,
rising by 7.0% in 1993 compared with 1992. By far, the largest boost came from
residential construction awards which increased by 26% in 1993 compared with
1992. In addition, non-residential building construction awards have turned
around, posting a 17% gain.
Nonbuilding construction awards have been at high levels since 1991 due to
substantial outlays for roads, bridges and other infrastructure projects.
Although nonbuilding construction awards declined in 1993 compared with 1992,
this was due to an unusually large amount of contracts in the Spring of 1992.
Finally, even in the labor market there are signs of recovery. Thanks to a
reduced layoff rate and the reappearance of job opportunities in some parts of
the economy, unemployment in the State has been receding since July 1992, when
it peaked at 9.6% according to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates based
on the federal government's monthly household survey. The same survey showed
joblessness dropped to an average of 6.7% in the fourth quarter of 1993. The
unemployment rate registered an average of 7.8% in the first quarter of 1994,
but this rate cannot be compared with prior date due to the changes in the U.S.
Department of Labor procedures for determining the unemployment rate that went
into effect in January 1994.
For Fiscal Year 1994, the State has made appropriations of $119.9 million
for principal and interest payments for general obligation bonds. For Fiscal
Year 1995, the Governor has recommended appropriations of $103.5 million for
principal and interest payments for general obligation bonds. Of the $15,410.7
million appropriated in Fiscal Year 1994 from the General Fund, the Property Tax
Relief Fund, the Gubernatorial Elections Fund, the Casino Control Fund and the
Casino Revenue Fund, $5,812.4 million (37.8%) was appropriated for State Aid to
Local Governments, $3,698.9 million (24.0%) is appropriated for Grants-in-Aid,
$5,335.5 million (34.6%) for Direct State Services, $119.9 million (0.7%) for
Debt Service on State general obligation bonds and $443.9 million (2.9%) for
Capital Construction.
State Aid to Local Governments was the largest portion of Fiscal Year 1994
appropriations. In Fiscal Year 1994, $5,812.4 million of the State's
appropriations consisted of funds which are distributed to municipalities,
counties and school districts. The largest State Aid appropriation, in the
amount of $4,044.3 million, is provided for local elementary and secondary
education programs. Of this amount, $2,538.2 million was provided as foundation
aid to school districts by formula based upon the number of students and the
ability of a school
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district to raise taxes from its own base. In addition, the State provided
$582.5 million for special education programs for children with disabilities. A
$293.0 million program was also funded for pupils at risk of educational
failure, including basic skills improvement. The State appropriated $776.9
million on behalf of school districts as the employer share of the teachers'
pension and benefits programs, $263.8 million to pay for the cost of pupil
transportation and $57.4 million for transition aid, which guaranteed school
districts a 6.5% increase over the aid received in Fiscal Year 1991 and is being
phased out over four years.
Appropriations to the Department of Community Affairs totalled $650.4
million in State Aid monies for Fiscal Year 1994. The principal programs funded
were the Supplemental Municipal Property Tax Act ($365.7 million); the Municipal
Revitalization Program ($165.0 million); municipal aid to urban communities to
maintain and upgrade municipal services ($40.4 million); and the Safe and Clean
Neighborhoods Program ($58.9 million). Appropriations to the State Department of
the Treasury totalled $327.5 million in State Aid monies for Fiscal Year 1994.
The principal programs funded by these appropriations were payments under the
Business Personal Property Tax Replacement Programs ($158.7 million); the cost
of senior citizens, disabled and veterans property tax deductions and exemptions
($41.7 million); aid to densely populated municipalities ($33.0 million);
Municipal Purposes Tax Assistance ($30.0 million); and payments to
municipalities for services to state owned property ($34.9 million); and the
State and Clean Communities program ($15.0 million).
Other appropriations of State Aid in Fiscal Year 1994 include welfare
programs ($477.4 million); aid to county colleges ($114.6 million); and aid to
county mental hospitals ($88.8 million).
The second largest portion of appropriations in Fiscal Year 1994 is applied
to Direct State Services: the operation of State government's 19 departments,
the Executive Office, several commissions, the State Legislature and the
Judiciary. In Fiscal Year 1994, appropriations for Direct State Services
aggregated $5,335.5 million. Some of the major appropriations for Direct State
Services during Fiscal Year 1994 are detailed below.
$602.3 million was appropriated for programs administered by the Department
of Human Services. Of that amount, $448.2 million was appropriated for mental
health and mental retardation programs, including the operation of seven
psychiatric institutions and nine schools for the retarded.
The Department of Labor is appropriated $51.4 million for the
administration of programs for workers' compensation, unemployment and
disability insurance, manpower development, and health safety inspection.
The Department of Health is appropriated $37.6 million for the prevention
and treatment of diseases, alcohol and drug abuse programs, regulation of health
care facilities, and the uncompensated care program.
$673.0 million is appropriated to the Department of Higher Education for
the support of eight State colleges, Rutgers University, the New Jersey
Institute of Technology, and the University of Medicine and Dentistry.
$932.6 million is appropriated to the Department of Law and Public Safety
and the Department of Corrections. Among the programs funded by this
appropriation were the administration of the State's correctional facilities and
parole activities, the registration and regulation of motor vehicles and
licensed drivers and the investigative and enforcement activities of the State
Police.
$99.8 million is appropriated to the Department of Transportation for the
various programs it administers, such as the maintenance and improvement of the
State highway system and subsidies for railroads and bus companies.
$156.4 million is appropriated to the Department of Environmental
Protection for the protection of air, land, water, forest, wildlife and
shellfish resources and for the provision of outdoor recreational facilities.
The primary method for State financing of capital projects is through the
sale of the general obligation bonds of the State. These bonds are backed by the
full faith and credit of the State. tax revenues and certain other fees are
pledged to meet the principal and interest payments required to pay the debt
fully. No general obligation debt can be issued by the State without prior voter
approval, except that no voter approval is required for any law authorizing the
creation of a debt for the purpose of refinancing all or a portion of
outstanding debt of the State, so long as such law requires that the refinancing
provide a debt service savings.
In addition to payment from bond proceeds, capital construction can also be
funded by appropriation of current revenues on a pay-as-you-go basis. This
amount represents 2.9 percent of the total budget for fiscal year 1994. In
fiscal 1994, the amount is $166.4 million for transportation projects.
The aggregate outstanding general obligation bonded indebtedness of the
State as of June 30, 1993 was $3,594.7 billion. The debt service obligation for
outstanding indebtedness is $119.9 million for fiscal year 1994.
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On November 2, 1993, Christine Todd-Whitman was elected Governor of the
State. As a matter of record, Governor Whitman, during her campaign, publicized
her intention to reduce taxes in the State. Effective January 1, 1994, New
Jersey's personal income tax rates were reduced by 5% for all taxpayers. The
effect of this tax reduction canot be evaluated at this time.
All appropriations for capital projects and all proposals for State bond
authorizations are subject to the review and recommendation of the New Jersey
Commission on Capital Budgeting and Planning. This permanent commission was
established in November, 1975, and is charged with the preparation of the State
Capital Improvement Plan, which contains proposals for State spending for
capital projects.
At any given time, there are various numbers of claims and cases pending
against the State, State agencies and employees, seeking recovery of monetary
damages that are primarily paid out of the fund created pursuant to the Tort
Claims Act N.J.S.A. 59:1-1 et seq. In addition, at any given time there are
various contract claims against the State and State agencies seeking recovery of
monetary damages. The State is unable to estimate its exposure for these claims
and cases. An independent study estimated an aggregate potential exposure of $50
million for tort claims pending, as of January 1, 1982. It is estimated that
were a similar study made of claims currently pending the amount of estimated
exposure would be higher. Moreover, New Jersey is involved in a number of other
lawsuits in which adverse decisions could materially affect revenue or
expenditures. Such cases include challenges to its system of educational
funding, the methods by which the State Department of Human Services shares with
county governments the maintenance recoveries and costs for residents in state
psychiatric hospitals and residential facilities for the developmentally
disabled.
Other lawsuits, that could materially affect revenue or expenditures
include a suit by a number of taxpayers seeking refunds of taxes paid to the
Spill Compensation Fund pursuant to NJSA 58:10-23.11, a suit alleging that
unreasonably low Medicaid payment rates have been implemented for long-term care
facilities in New Jersey, a suit alleging unfair taxation on interstate
commerce, a suit by Essex County seeking to invalidate the State's method of
funding the judicial system and a suit seeking return of moneys paid by various
counties for maintenance of Medicaid or Medicare eligible residents of
institutions and facilities for the developmentally disabled and a suit
challenging the imposition of premium tax surcharges on insurers doing business
in New Jersey, and assessments upon property and casualty liability insurers
pursuant to the Fair Automobile Insurance Reform Act.
Legislation enacted June 30, 1992, called for revaluation of several public
employee pension funds, authorized an adjustment to the assumed rate of return
on investment and refunds $773 million in public employer contributions to the
State from various pension funds, reflected as a revenue source for Fiscal Year
1992 and $226 million in Fiscal Year 1993 and each fiscal year thereafter.
Several labor unions filed suit seeking a judgment directing the State Treasurer
to refund all monies transferred from the pension funds and paid into the
General Fund.
On February 5, 1993, the Superior Court granted the State's motion for
summary judgment as to all claims. An appeal has been filed with the Appellate
Division of the Superior Court. An adverse determination in this matter would
have a significant impact on fiscal year 1993 and subsequent fiscal year fund
balances.
Bond Ratings--Citing a developing pattern of reliance on non-recurring
measures to achieve budgetary balance, four years of financial operations marked
by revenue shortfalls and operating deficits, and the likelihood that financial
pressures will persist, on August 24, 1992 Moody's lowered from Aaa to Aa1 the
rating assigned to New Jersey general obligation bonds. On July 6, 1992,
Standard & Poor's affirmed its AAI ratings on New Jersey's general obligation
and various lease and appropriation backed debt, but its ratings outlook was
revised to negative for the longer term horizon (beyond four months) for
resolution of two items cited in the Credit Watch listing: (i) the Federal
Health Care Facilities Administration ruling concerning retroactive medicaid
hospital reimbursements and (ii) the state's uncompensated health care funding
system, which is under review by the United States Supreme Court. On August 25,
1992, Moody's lowered its rating from Aaa to Aa-1 on the state's general
obligation bonds. The downgrade reflects Moody's concern that the state's
chronic budgetary problems detract from bondholder security. The Aa-1 rating
from Moody's is equivalent to Standard & Poor's AA rating.
NEW JERSEY TAXES
In the opinion of Shanley & Fisher, P.C., Morristown, New Jersey, special
counsel on New Jersey tax matters, under existing New Jersey law:
1. The proposed activities of the New Jersey Trust will not cause it to
be subject to the New Jersey Corporation Business Tax Act.
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2. The income of the New Jersey Trust will be treated as the income of
individuals, estates and trusts who are the Holders of Units of the New
Jersey Trust for purposes of the New Jersey Gross Income Tax Act, and
interest which is exempt from tax under the New Jersey Gross Income Tax Act
when received by the New Jersey Trust will retain its status as tax exempt
in the hands of such Unit Holders. Gains arising from the sale or
redemption by a Holder of his Units or from the sale or redemption by the
New Jersey Trust of any Debt Obligation are exempt from taxation under the
New Jersey Gross Income Tax Act, as enacted and construed on the date
hereof, to the extent such gains are attributable to Debt Obligations the
interest on which is exempt from tax under the New Jersey Gross Income Tax
Act.
3. Units of the New Jersey Trust may be subject, in the estates of New
Jersey residents, to taxation under the Transfer Inheritance Tax Law of the
State of New Jersey.
THE NEW YORK TRUST
The Portfolio of the New York Trust contains different issues of debt
obligations issued by or on behalf of the State of New York (the 'State') and
counties, municipalities and other political subdivisions and other public
authorities thereof or by the Government of Puerto Rico or the Government of
Guam or by their respective authorities, all rated in the category A or better
by at least one national rating organization (see Investment Summary).
Investment in the New York Trust should be made with an understanding that the
value of the underlying Portfolio may decline with increases in interest rates.
RISK FACTORS--Prospective investors should consider the financial
difficulties and pressures which the State of New York and several of its public
authorities and municipal subdivisions have undergone. The following briefly
summarizes some of these difficulties and the current financial situation, based
principally on certain official statements currently available; copies may be
obtained without charge from the issuing entity, or through the Agent for the
Sponsors upon payment of a nominal fee. While the Sponsors have not
independently verified this information, they have no reason to believe that it
is not correct in all material respects.
New York State. In recent fiscal years, there have been extended delays in
adopting the State's budget, repeated revisions of budget projections,
significant revenue shortfalls (as well as increased expenses) and year-end
borrowing to finance deficits. These developments reflect faster long-term
growth in State spending than revenues and that the State was earlier and more
severely affected by the recent economic recession than most of the rest of the
country, as well as its substantial reliance on non-recurring revenue sources.
The State's general fund incurred cash basis deficits of $775 million, $1,081
million and $575 million, respectively, for the 1990-1992 fiscal years. Measures
to deal with deteriorating financial conditions included transfers from reserve
funds, recalculating the State's pension fund obligations (recently ruled
illegal), hiring freezes and layoffs, reduced aid to localities, sales of State
property to State authorities, and additional borrowings (including issuance of
additional short-term tax and revenue anticipation notes payable out of
impounded revenues in the next fiscal year). The general fund realized a $671
million surplus for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1993, and a $1.54 billion
surplus is projected for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1994.
Approximately $5.3 billion of State general obligation debt was outstanding
at December 31, 1993. The State's net tax-supported debt (restated to reflect
LGAC's assumption of certain obligations previously funded through issuance of
short-term debt) was $23.4 billion at March 31, 1993, up from $11.7 billion in
1984. A taxpayer filed various lawsuits challenging the constitutionality of
appropriation-backed debt issued by State authorities without voter approval. A
temporary restraining order against issuance of debt by the Metropolitan
Transportation Authority and the New York State Thruway Authority was lifted in
July 1993; an appeal is pending. A proposed constitutional amendment passed by
the Legislature in 1993 would prohibit lease-purchase and contractual obligation
financing for State facilities, but would authorize the State without voter
referendum to issue revenue bonds within a formula-based cap, secured solely by
a pledge of certain State tax receipts. It would also restrict State debt to
capital projects included in a multi-year capital financing plan. The proposal
is subject to approval by the current Legislature and then by voters. Standard &
Poor's reduced its rating of the State's general obligation bonds on January 13,
1992 to A-(its lowest rating for any state). Moody's reduced its ratings of
State general obligation bonds from A1 to A on June 6, 1990 and to Baa1, its
rating of $14.2 billion of appropriation-backed debt of the State and State
agencies (over two-thirds of the total debt) on January 6, 1992.
In May 1991 (nearly 2 months after the beginning of the 1992 fiscal year),
the State Legislature adopted a budget to close a projected $6.5 billion gap
(including repayment of $905 million of fiscal 1991 deficit notes). Measures
included $1.2 billion in new taxes and fees, $0.9 billion in non-recurring
measures and about $4.5 billion of reduced spending by State agencies (including
layoffs), reduced aid to localities and school districts, and Medicaid cost
containment measures. After the Governor vetoed $0.9 billion in spending, the
State adopted $0.7
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billion in additional spending, together with various measures including a $100
million increase in personal income taxes and $180 million of additional
non-recurring measures. Due primarily to declining revenues and escalating
Medicaid and social service expenditures, $0.4 billion of administrative
actions, $531 million of year-end short-term borrowing and a $44 million
withdrawal from the Tax Stabilization Reserve Fund were required to meet the
State's cash flow needs.
On April 2, 1992, the State adopted a budget to close a projected $4.8
billion gap for the State's 1993 fiscal year (including repayment of the fiscal
1992 short-term borrowing) through a combination of $3.5 billion of spending
reductions (including measures to reduce Medicaid and social service spending,
as well as further employee layoffs, reduced aid to municipalities and schools
and reduced support for capital programs), deferral of scheduled tax reductions,
and some new and increased fees. The State Comptroller concluded that the budget
included $1.18 billion of nonrecurring measures (the Division of the Budget
reported a figure of $450 million). The City and its Board of Education sued the
Governor and various other State officials in March 1993, claiming that the
State's formula for allocating aid to education discriminated against City
schools by at least $274 million in the 1993 fiscal year.
To close a projected budget gap of nearly $3 billion for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1994, the State budget contained various measures including
deferral of scheduled income tax reductions for a fourth year, some tax
increases, and $1.6 billion in spending cuts, especially for Medicaid, and
further reduction of the State's work force. The budget increased aid to
schools, and modelled a formula to channel more aid to districts with lower-
income students and high property tax burdens. State legislation requires
deposit of receipts from the petroleum business tax and certain other
transportation-related taxes into funds dedicated to transportation purposes.
Nevertheless, $516 million of these monies were retained in the general fund
during this fiscal year. The Division of the Budget has estimated that
non-recurring income items other than the $671 million surplus from the 1993
fiscal year aggregated, $318 million. $89 million savings from bond refinancings
was deposited in a reserve to fund litigation settlements, particularly to repay
monies received under the State's abandoned property law, which the State will
be required to give up as described below.
The Governor has proposed a budget for the fiscal year that began April 1,
1994, which would increase spending by 3.8% (greater than inflation for the
first time in six years). Tax revenue projections are based on assumed modest
growth in the State economy. An estimated $130 million would come from proposed
lottery games and $70 million, from requiring bottling companies to pay the
State unredeemed deposits on bottles and cans. The proposal would reduce or
phase out certain business taxes over several years, provide a tax credit for
low income families and increase aid to education by $198 million ($88 million
to New York City), especially the poorer districts. The litigation fund would be
increased to over $300 million. However, the State would not increase its share
of Medicaid costs and would reduce coverage and place additional restrictions on
certain health care services. (The Governor in November 1993 proposed to close
certain State psychiatric facilities over the next several years and apply most
of the savings to additional clinical care, rehabilitation and vocational
training.) Over $1 billion would be saved by further postponement of scheduled
reductions in personal income taxes and in taxes on hospital income; another
$300 million represents rolling over the then projected surplus from the current
fiscal year. Other non-recurring measures would be reduced to $78 million. The
budget has yet to be adopted. In November 1993 the State's Court of Appeals
ruled unconstitutional 1990 legislation which postponed employee pension
contributions by the State and localities (other than New York City). The
amounts to be made up, estimated to aggregate $4 billion (half from the State),
would be repaid in increasing amounts over 12-20 years under a plan proposed by
the State Comptroller, trustee of the State pension system, and previous
contribution levels will not be exceeded until 1999. State and other estimates
are subject to uncertainties including the effects of Federal tax legislation
and economic developments. The Division of the Budget has cautioned that its
projections are subject to risks including adverse decisions in pending
litigations (particularly those involving Federal Medicaid reimbursements and
payments by hospitals and health maintenance organizations).
The State normally adjusts its cash basis balance by deferring until the
first quarter of the succeeding fiscal year substantial amounts of tax refunds
and other disbursements. For many years, it also paid in that quarter more than
40% of its annual assistance to local governments. Payment of these annual
deferred obligations and the State's accumulated deficit was substantially
financed by issuance of short-term tax and revenue anticipation notes shortly
after the beginning of each fiscal year. The New York Local Government
Assistance Corporation ('LGAC') was established in 1990 to issue long-term bonds
over several years, payable from a portion of the State sales tax, to fund
certain payments to local governments traditionally funded through the State's
annual seasonal borrowing. The legislation will normally limit the State's
short-term borrowing, together with net proceeds of LGAC bonds ($4.0 billion to
date), to a total of $4.7 billion. The State's latest seasonal borrowing, in
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<PAGE>
May 1993, was $850 million. The Governor's budget for the current fiscal year
would finally eliminate this seasonal borrowing program.
Generally accepted accounting principles ('GAAP') for municipal entities
apply modified accrual accounting and give no effect to payment deferrals. On an
audited GAAP basis, the State's government funds group recorded operating
deficits of $1.2 billion and $1.4 billion for the 1990 and 1991 fiscal years.
For the same periods the general fund recorded deficits (net of transfers from
other funds) of $0.7 billion and $1.0 billion. Reflecting $1.6 billion and $881
million of payments by LGAC to local governments out of proceeds from bond
sales, the general fund realized surpluses of $1.7 billion and $2.1 billion for
the 1992 and 1993 fiscal years, respectively, leaving an accumulated deficit of
$2.551 billion.
For decades, the State's economy has grown more slowly than that of the
rest of the nation as a whole. Part of the reason for this decline has been
attributed to the combined State and local tax burden, which is the second
highest in the nation (about 40% above the national average). The State's
dependence on Federal funds and sensitivity to changes in economic cycles, as
well as the high level of taxes, may continue to make it difficult to balance
State and local budgets in the future. The total employment growth rate in the
State has been below the national average since 1984. The State lost 524,000
jobs in 1990-1993. The jobless rate was 8.2% in April 1994, contrasted to the
national average of 6.4%.
New York City (the 'City'). The City is the State's major political
subdivision. In 1975, the City encountered severe financial difficulties,
including inability to refinance $6 billion of short-term debt incurred to meet
prior annual operating deficits. The City lost access to the public credit
markets for several years and depended on a variety of fiscal rescue measures
including commitments by certain institutions to postpone demands for payment, a
moratorium on note payment (later declared unconstitutional), seasonal loans
from the Federal government under emergency congressional legislation, Federal
guarantees of certain City bonds, and sales and exchanges of bonds by The
Municipal Assistance Corporation for the City of New York ('MAC') to fund the
City's debt.
MAC has no taxing power and pays its obligations out of sales taxes imposed
within the City and per capita State aid to the City. The State has no legal
obligation to back the MAC bonds, although it has a 'moral obligation' to do so.
MAC is now authorized to issue bonds only for refunding outstanding issues and
up to $1.5 billion should the City fail to fund specified transit and school
capital programs. The State also established the Financial Control Board ('FCB')
to review the City's budget, four-year financial plans, borrowings and major
contracts. These were subject to FCB approval until 1986 when the City satisfied
statutory conditions for termination of such review. The FCB is required to
reimpose the review and approval process in the future if the City were to
experience certain adverse financial circumstances. The City's fiscal condition
is also monitored by a Deputy State Comptroller.
The City projects that it is beginning to emerge from four years of
economic recession. Since 1989 the gross city product has declined by 10.1% and
employment, by almost 11%, while the public assistance caseload has grown by
over 25%. Unemployment averaged 10.8% in 1992 and 10.1% in 1993, peaking at
13.4% in January 1993, the highest level in 25 years. It dropped to 9.5% in
April, 1994. The number of persons on welfare exceeds 1.1 million, the highest
level since 1972, and one in seven residents is currently receiving some form of
public assistance.
While the City, as required by State law, has balanced its budgets in
accordance with GAAP since 1981, this has required exceptional measures in
recent years. The FCB has commented that City expenditures have grown faster
than revenues each year since 1986, masked in part by a large number of
non-recurring gap closing actions. To eliminate potential budget gaps of $1-$3
billion each year since 1988 the City has taken a wide variety of measures. In
addition to increased taxes and productivity increases, these have included
hiring freezes and layoffs, reductions in services, reduced pension
contributions, and a number of nonrecurring measures such as bond refundings,
transfers of surplus funds from MAC, sales of City property and reduction of
reserves. The FCB concluded that the City has neither the economy nor the
revenues to do everything its citizens have been accustomed to expect.
The City closed a budget gap for the 1993 fiscal year (estimated at $1.2
billion) through actions including service reductions, productivity initiatives,
transfer of $0.5 billion surplus from the 1992 fiscal year and $100 million from
MAC. A November 1992 revision proposed to meet an additional $561 million in
projected expenditures through measures including a refunding to reduce current
debt service costs, reduction in the reserve and an additional $81 million of
gap closing measures. Over half of the City's actions to balance that budget
were non-recurring.
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<PAGE>
The Financial Plan for the City's current fiscal year (ending June 30,
1994) relies on increases in State and Federal aid, as well as the 1993 $280
million surplus and a partial hiring freeze, to close a gap resulting primarily
from recent labor settlements and declines in property tax revenues. However,
overall spending would increase by about the rate of inflation. The Plan
contains over $1.3 billion of one-time revenue measures including bond
refundings, sale of various City assets and borrowing against future property
tax receipts. On July 2, 1993, the previous Mayor ordered spending reductions of
about $130 million for the current fiscal year and $400 million for the 1995
fiscal year. A new Mayor and City Comptroller assumed office in January 1994.
Various fiscal monitors have criticized increased reliance on non-recurring
revenues, with attendant increases in the gaps for future years. Their reports
note continued cost overruns by the Board of Education and overtime in uniformed
services (in part because of repeated snow storms), as well as a budget gap in
the Health and Hospitals Corp. ('HHC') and shortfalls in certain budget
balancing measures such as increased Federal assistance. However, they believe
that budget balance is attainable; for example, it is noted that the new Mayor
has initiated a program to reduce non-personnel costs by up to $150 million. A
$98 million surplus is projected. The new City Comptroller has urged more
aggressive measures to collect amounts owed by the State and Federal governments
to reduce the short-term borrowing costs, and has criticized continued reliance
on sale of delinquent property tax receivables.
In May 1994, the new Mayor proposed an executive budget to eliminate a
projected $2.3 billion budget gap for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1994,
reduce overall spending for the first time in over a decade, reduce non-
recurring revenue measures, and begin cutting taxes (to encourage job growth).
Proposals include spending cuts (mostly through reduction of 15,000 jobs by June
1995 unless equivalent productivity savings are negotiated with the unions),
partial employee payment of health insurance costs, and further deferral of City
pension fund contributions. It also projects increases aggregating about $400
million in State and Federal aid, including the State's taking on the City's
share of Medicaid costs. The previously proposed delay of $3.2 billion in
capital spending until fiscal 1998 would be retained. However, $225 million
would be saved by refinancing outstanding bonds, which will increase future debt
service, another $110 million would be derived from sale of the City radio
station and a hotel, and another $51 million by altering the repayment schedule
for a $2.5 billion debt to the City's pension funds. The budget also includes
revenues from sales of $215 million of delinquent property tax receipts,
originally proposed by the previous Mayor. Other initiatives include
fingerprinting of welfare recipients and initial steps toward merging the City's
three separate police forces. The City's Budget Director cautions that the HHC
may require $80-$120 million additional City assistance to eliminate its budget
gap. The various fiscal monitors, while applauding the new Mayor's February 1994
proposals toward structural balance (such as reduction of new debt issuance to
control debt service costs), find many of his proposed gap-closing measures to
be 'high risk' because they depend on actions by the State and Federal
governments, the City Council, the City actuary and labor unions of which there
is no assurance. With the aid of $200 million from MAC (conditioned on a
commitment to reach the 15,000 job reduction goal), the City offered an
incentive package to encourage voluntary severance by about 7600 workers (7400
accepted) and union leaders agreed not to oppose transfers of remaining
employees between agencies. Union leaders have objected to the Mayor's proposal
that employees bear part of their health-care costs. The State Comptroller
objected to a proposal to change actuarial assumptions in order to reduce City
pension fund contributions by $300 million in the 1995 and 1996 fiscal years.
The Mayor is exploring the possibility of privitizing some of the City's
services. The City Council passed legislation which would authorize the Council
to hold hearings before any significant privitization is implemented and would
require submission of a cost-benefit analysis. He has also been exploring how to
obtain greater mayoral control over spending by independent authorities and
agencies such as the Board of Education, the HHC and the TA. The Schools
Chancellor has agreed to meet the Mayor's job-reduction goal for the Board of
Education over the current and 1995 fiscal years. In April the Mayor appointed a
fiscal monitor of the Board of Education. To avert the Chancellor's announced
resignation in response, the Mayor agreed that the monitor will act as a Deputy
Commissioner in the Department of Investigation. The Mayor's capital budget
proposed in May does not include $4.2 billion requested by the Chancellor for
constructing new school buildings. A tentative labor agreement for school
custodians reached a few days later, while praised by the Chancellor for
achieving job rule concessions, has been rejected by the Mayor. In March 1994
the Mayor reduced cash incentives to landlords renting apartments to the
homeless, and it has been reported that he is considering proposals including
eliminating City financing of a program that creates housing for single homeless
people, requiring able-bodied welfare recipients to render community service,
charging shelter occupants who refuse offers of treatment or training a modest
rent for use of the shelter, and replacing some of the subsidies to day care
centers with a voucher system. Some critics have asserted that the effects of
many of the Mayor's expense reduction proposals would fall disproportionately on
the City's poor. The potential impact on other City services is also unclear.
The budget must be passed by the Democratic-controlled City council and many of
the proposals also need approval by the State and others. Budget gaps of $3.2
billion and $3.3 billion are projected for the 1996 and 1997 fiscal years.
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<PAGE>
A major uncertainty is the City's labor costs, which represent about 50% of
its total expenditures. The City's workforce grew by 34% during the 1980s. A
January 1993 agreement covering approximately 44% of the City workers followed
negotiations lasting nearly two years. Workers will receive wage and benefit
raises totalling 8.25% over 39 months ending March 1995. Although this is less
than the inflation rate, the settlement achieved neither any of the productivity
savings that the previous Mayor had counted on to help balance the City's budget
nor are the increases beyond those previously budgeted offset by labor
concessions. An agreement announced in August 1993 provides wage increases for
City teachers averaging 9% over the 48 1/2 months ending October 1995. The City
is seeking to negotiate workforce productivity initiatives, savings from which
would be shared with the workers involved. The current Financial Plan assumes no
further wage increases after the 1995 fiscal year. Also, costs of some previous
wage increases were offset by reduced contributions to pension funds; if fund
performance is less than the 9% annual earnings projected, the City could incur
increased expenses in future years.
Budget balance may also be adversely affected by the effect of the economy
on economically sensitive taxes. Reflecting the downturn in real estate prices,
estimates of property tax revenues have been reduced. Other uncertainties
include additional expenditures to combat deterioration in the City's
infrastructure (such as bridges, schools and water supply), costs of developing
alternatives to ocean dumping of sewage sludge (which the City expects to defray
through increased water and sewer charges), cost of the AIDS epidemic, problems
of drug addiction and homelessness and the impact of any future State assistance
payment reductions. An independent report in 1991 concluded that 50% of City
roads need resurfacing or reconstruction. In September 1993 the City reported
that 56.4% of its bridges are structurally deficient and need repairs; some
repairs have been halted due to environmental concerns. In response to evidence
of widespread errors and falsification in 1986-89 inspections of City schools
for presence of asbestos, the City in August 1993 conducted an emergency
reinspection program. The costs of additional asbestos removal, $83 million, may
require curtailment or deferral of other school repairs and maintenance. In
December 1993 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency agreed for now not to
require the City to build a water filtration plant, at an estimated cost of $2-8
billion, if it substantially implements more than 150 steps to prevent pollution
of the upstate watershed area that supplies most of the City's drinking water.
However, the City will be required to complete a preliminary design of the
plant. The E.P.A will evaluate the City's progress by December 1996 and could
still require it to build the plant if the steps are not successful. A $9
billion suit by developers in the area challenges that the City's actions
devalue their property without fair compensation. Plans for an incinerator at
the Brooklyn Navy Yard may be delayed further by emergence of a 1988 report that
the site is somewhat contaminated by toxic wastes. Plans to build additional
incinerators may also need to be reconsidered following a May 1994 U.S. Supreme
Court decision that the resulting sludge must be disposed of as toxic waste. It
has been reported that the Mayor will seek approval from the Environmental
Protection Agency to modify a City commitment to build additional sludge
treatment plants, to allow it to transport the sludge for disposal out of state.
Recent court decisions found that the City has failed to provide adequate
shelter for many homeless persons and fined, held several City officials in
contempt for failure to comply with a State rule requiring provision of
immediate shelter for homeless persons and ordered the City to pay $3.5 million
in fines. In February 1994, the State's Court of Appeals ruled that the City's
recycling program does not comply with City law; a State Supreme Court
subsequently gave the City until July 1996 to comply with the law's
requirements, rejecting a City proposal to delay further recycling for up to
four years; compliance could cost an additional $100 million in the 1995 fiscal
year alone. Elimination of any additional budget gaps will require various
actions, including by the State, a number of which are beyond the City's
control. Staten Island voters in 1993 approved a proposed charter under which
Staten Island would secede from the City. Secession will require enabling
legislation by the State Legislature; it would also be subject to legal
challenge by the City. The effects of secession on the City cannot be determined
at this time, but questions include responsibility for outstanding debt, a
diminished tax base, and continued use of the Fresh Kills landfill, the City's
only remaining garbage dump. A similar measure with respect to Queens was
approved by the New York State Senate.
In December 1993, a report commissioned by the City was released,
describing the nature of the City's structural deficit. It projects that the
City will need to identify and implement $5 billion in annual gap closing
measures by 1998. The report suggests a variety of possible measures for City
consideration. While the new Mayor rejected out of hand many of the proposals
such as tax increases, the State Comptroller urged him to reconsider the report.
The City sold $2.3 billion, $1.4 billion and $1.8 billion of short-term
notes, respectively, during the 1992, 1993 and current fiscal years. At December
31, 1993, there were outstanding $21.4 billion of City bonds (not including City
debt held by MAC), $4.5 billion of MAC bonds and $0.8 billion of City-related
public benefit corporation indebtedness, each net of assets held for debt
service. Standard & Poor's and Moody's during the 1975-80 period either withdrew
or reduced their ratings of the City's bonds. Standard & Poor's currently rates
the
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<PAGE>
City's debt A-with a negative outlook while Moody's rates City bonds Baa1.
City-related debt almost doubled since 1987, although total debt declined as a
percentage of estimated full value of real property. The City's financing
program projects long-term financing during fiscal years 1994-1997 to aggregate
$19.9 billion. The City's latest Ten Year Capital Strategy plans capital
expenditures of $51.6 billion during 1994-2003 (93% to be City funded). The
State Comptroller has criticized some City bond refinancings for producing
short-term savings at the expense of greater overall costs, especially in future
years. Annual debt service is projected to increase to about $3.2 billion by
fiscal 1997 (from $1.2 billion in fiscal 1990).
Other New York Localities. In 1992, other localities had an aggregate of
approximately $15.7 billion of indebtedness outstanding. In recent years,
several experienced financial difficulties. A March 1993 report by Moody's
Investors Service concluded that the decline in ratings of most of the State's
largest cities in recent years resulted from the decline in the State's
manufacturing economy. Seventeen localities had outstanding indebtedness for
deficit financing at the close of their respective 1992 fiscal years. In
response to requests from an unprecedented 10 local government units (including
Nassau and Suffolk counties) in 1992 for legislative authority to issue bonds to
fund deficits, the State Comptroller recommended legislation to establish
earlier State oversight of municipal deficits. In September, 1992, the previous
Comptroller proposed regulations which would prohibit use of certificates of
participation by municipalities for deficit financing or refundings. Some local
leaders complained that the deficits resulted from reduced State aid accompanied
by increases in State-mandated expenditures. Any reductions in State aid to
localities may cause additional localities to experience difficulty in achieving
balanced budgets. If special local assistance were needed from the State in the
future, this could adversely affect the State's as well as the localities'
financial condition. Most localities depend on substantial annual State
appropriations. Legal actions by utilities to reduce the valuation of their
municipal franchises, if successful, could result in localities becoming liable
for substantial tax refunds.
State Public Authorities. In 1975, after the Urban Development Corporation
('UDC'), with $1 billion of outstanding debt, defaulted on certain short-term
notes, it and several other State authorities became unable to market their
securities. Since 1975 the State has provided substantial direct and indirect
financial assistance to UDC, the Housing Finance Agency ('HFA'), the
Environmental Facilities Corporation and other authorities. Practical and legal
limitations on these agencies' ability to pass on rising costs through rents and
fees could require further State appropriations. 18 State authorities had an
aggregate of $63.5 billion of debt outstanding at September 30, 1993.
Approximately $0.5 billion of State public authority obligations was
State-guaranteed, $7.7 billion was moral obligation debt (including $4.8 billion
of MAC debt) and $19.5 billion was financed under lease-purchase or contractual
obligation financing arrangements with the State. Various authorities continue
to depend on State appropriations or special legislation to meet their budgets.
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority ('MTA'), which oversees operation
of the City's subway and bus system by the City Transit Authority (the 'TA') and
operates certain commuter rail lines, has required substantial State and City
subsidies, as well as assistance from several special State taxes. Projections
of TA revenues were reduced due to declining ridership, increasing fare evasion,
reductions in State and City aid and declining revenues from City real estate
taxes. It was reported in December 1993 that a twenty-year trend in declining
bus ridership is expected to continue. While the MTA used bond refinancings and
other measures to avert a commuter rail line fare increase in 1992, measures
including a fare increase eliminated the TA's 1992 budget gap. Measures to
balance the TA's 1993 budget included increased funding by the City, increased
bridge and tunnel tolls and allocation of part of the revenues from the
Petroleum Business Tax. Cash basis gaps of $500-800 million are projected for
each of the 1995, 1996 and 1997 years. Measures proposed to close these gaps
include various additional State aid and possible fare increases. However, it
was projected in May 1994 that the effect of the improving economy on
transportation-dedicated taxes and on ridership, as well as implementation of
cost savings, would permit deferral of fare increases until at least July 1995.
The MTA's Chairman recently proposed a financial strategy for the next five
years, including a variety of fare changes; however, even if these are approved,
an estimated $700 million in additional funds will be needed from State and City
financial assistance. Substantial claims have been made against the TA and the
City for damages from a 1990 subway fire and a 1991 derailment. The MTA
infrastructure, especially in the City, needs substantial rehabilitation. A
one-year $1.6 billion 1992 MTA Capital Plan was approved. In December 1993, a
$9.5 billion MTA Capital Plan was finally approved for 1992-1996, although $500
million is contingent on increased contributions from the City; the City has
until late 1994 to decide if it will make these contributions. The MTA's
Chairman has threatened to raise subway fares and borrow more if the City fails
to make up this amount. In response to a constitutional challenge to
implementing a $6 billion State transportation borrowing plan without voter
approval, a temporary restraining order was issued in May 1993, but was lifted
in July. It is anticipated that
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<PAGE>
the MTA and the TA will continue to require significant State and City support.
Moody's reduced its rating of certain MTA obligations to Baa on April 14, 1992.
Because of reduced rates under the State's revised medical reimbursement
programs, as well as proposals to reduce reimbursement of hospital capital costs
and to change Medicaid funding, New York hospitals have experienced increasing
financial pressure. To mitigate unprecedented rate increases by Empire State
Blue Cross, the State in January 1993 made available $100 million from the
medical malpractice fund. A Federal District Court ruled in February 1993 that
State surcharges of up to 24% on hospital bills paid by commercial insurance
companies and health maintenance organizations, much of which is used to
subsidize care of uninsured patients, violate Federal law; however, the Court
permitted continuance of the system pending appeal of the ruling.
Litigation. The State and the City are defendants in numerous legal
proceedings, including challenges to the constitutionality and effectiveness of
various welfare programs, alleged torts and breaches of contract, condemnation
proceedings and other alleged violations of laws. Adverse judgments in these
matters could require substantial financing not currently budgeted. For example,
in addition to real estate certiorari proceedings, claims in excess of $343
billion were outstanding against the City at June 30, 1993, for which it
estimated its potential future liability at $2.2 billion. Another action seeks a
judgment that, as a result of an overestimate by the State Board of Equalization
and Assessment, the City's 1992 real estate tax levy exceeded constitutional
limits. In March 1993, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that if the last known
address of a beneficial owner of accounts held by banks and brokerage firms
cannot be ascertained, unclaimed funds therein belong to the state of the
broker's incorporation rather than where its principal office is located. New
York has obtained about $350 million of abandoned funds that could have to be
paid to other States. It has agreed to pay Delaware $200 million over a
five-year period. The case has been remanded to a special master to determine
disposition of these monies.
Final adverse decisions in any of these cases could require extraordinary
appropriations at either the State or City level or both.
NEW YORK TAXES
In the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell, special counsel for the Sponsors,
under existing New York law:
Under the income tax laws of the State and City of New York, the Trust
is not an association taxable as a corporation and income received by the
Trust will be treated as the income of the Holders in the same manner as
for Federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, each Holder will be
considered to have received the interest on his pro rata portion of each
Debt Obligation when interest on the Debt Obligation is received by the
Trust. In the opinion of bond counsel delivered on the date of issuance of
the Debt Obligation, such interest will be exempt from New York State and
City personal income taxes except where such interest is subject to Federal
income taxes (see Taxes). A noncorporate Holder of Units of the Trust who
is a New York State (and City) resident will be subject to New York State
(and City) personal income taxes on any gain recognized when he disposes of
all or part of his pro rata portion of a Debt Obligation. A noncorporate
Holder who is not a New York State resident will not be subject to New York
State or City personal income taxes on any such gain unless such Units are
attributable to a business, trade, profession or occupation carried on in
New York. A New York State (and City) resident should determine his tax
basis for his pro rata portion of each Debt Obligation for New York State
(and City) income tax purposes in the same manner as for Federal income tax
purposes. Interest income on a Holder's pro rata portion of the Debt
Obligations is generally not excludable from income in computing New York
State and City corporate franchise taxes.
a-23
<PAGE>
Def ined
Asset FundsSM
SPONSORS: MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT
Merrill Lynch, TRUST FUND
Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. Multistate Series - 61
Unit Investment Trusts (Unit Investment Trusts)
P.O. Box 9051 PROSPECTUS
Princeton, N.J. 08543-9051 This Prospectus does not contain all of
(609) 282-8500 the information with respect to the
Smith Barney Shearson Inc. investment company set forth in its
Unit Trust Department registration statement and exhibits
Two World Trade Center--101st Floor relating thereto which have been filed
New York, N.Y. 10048 with the Securities and Exchange
1-800-298-UNIT Commission, Washington, D.C. under the
PaineWebber Incorporated Securities Act of 1933 and the
1200 Harbor Blvd. Investment Company Act of 1940, and to
Weehawken, N.J. 07087 which reference is hereby made.
(201) 902-3000 No person is authorized to give any
Prudential Securities Incorporated information or to make any
One Seaport Plaza representations with respect to this
199 Water Street investment company not contained in this
New York, N.Y. 10292 Prospectus; and any information or
(212) 776-1000 representation not contained herein must
Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. not be relied upon as having been
Two World Trade Center--59th Floor authorized. This Prospectus does not
New York, N.Y. 10048 constitute an offer to sell, or a
(212) 392-2222 solicitation of an offer to buy,
EVALUATOR: securities in any state to any person to
Kenny S&P Evaluation Services whom it is not lawful to make such offer
65 Broadway in such state.
New York, N.Y. 10006
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS:
Deloitte & Touche
1633 Broadway
3rd Floor
New York, N.Y. 10019
Bankers Trust Company
Unit Investment Trust
Four Albany Street
7th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10015
1-800-735-7777
14841--5/94
<PAGE>
*[INSERT REVERSE DAF LOGO*]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT
TRUST FUND
California Trust (Insured)
- ---------------------------------------------
Multistate Series - 61
A Unit Investment Trust
5.87%
Estimated Current Return
5.91%
Estimated Long Term Return
As of May 12, 1994
EFGH(LOGO) 14842--5/94
Merrill Lynch,
Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc.
Unit Investment Trusts
P.O. Box 9051
Princeton, N.J. 08543-9051
(609) 282-8500
a-25
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT SUMMARY AS OF MAY 12, 1994
CALIFORNIA
TRUST
--------------
ESTIMATED CURRENT RETURN(a)
(based on Public Offering
Price)--...................... 5.87%
ESTIMATED LONG TERM RETURN(a)
(based on Public Offering
Price)--...................... 5.91%
PUBLIC OFFERING PRICE PER UNIT
(including 4.50% sales
charge).......................$ 1,017.61(b)
FACE AMOUNT OF DEBT
OBLIGATIONS...................$ 3,250,000
INITIAL NUMBER OF UNITS(c)...... 3,250
FRACTIONAL UNDIVIDED INTEREST IN
TRUST REPRESENTED BY EACH
UNIT............................ 1/3,250th
MONTHLY INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS
First distribution to be paid
on the 25th day of August
1994 to Holders of record on
the 10th day of August
1994........................$ 3.98
Calculation of second and
following distributions:
Estimated net annual interest
rate per Unit times
$1,000....................$ 59.76
Divided by 12.................$ 4.98
SPONSORS' REPURCHASE PRICE AND
REDEMPTION PRICE PER
UNIT(d)
(based on bid side
evaluation)...................$ 967.82(b)
NUMBER OF ISSUES IN PORTFOLIO-- 7
NUMBER OF ISSUES BY
SOURCE OF REVENUE:
State/Local Municipal Electric
Utilities-- 1
General Obligation-- 1
Lease Revenue-- 2
Municipal Water/Sewer
Utilities-- 2
University/College-- 1
NUMBER OF ISSUES RATED BY
STANDARD &
POOR'S/RATING-- AAA-- 7(e)
RANGE OF FIXED FINAL MATURITY
DATES OF DEBT
OBLIGATIONS................... 2019-2024
- ------------------
(a) Estimated Current Return represents annual interest income after
estimated annual expenses divided by the maximum public offering price including
a 4.50% maximum sales charge. Estimated Long Term Return is the net annual
percentage return based on the yield on each underlying Debt Obligation weighted
to reflect market value and time to maturity or earlier call date. Estimated
Long Term Return is adjusted for estimated expenses and the maximum offering
price but not for delays in a Trust's distribution of income. Estimated Current
Return shows current annual cash return to investors while Estimated Long Term
Return shows the return on Units held to maturity, reflecting maturities,
discounts and premiums on underlying Debt Obligations. Each figure will vary
with purchase price including sales charge, changes in the net interest income
and the redemptions, sale, or other disposition of Debt Obligations in the
Portfolio.
(b) Plus accrued interest.
(c) The Sponsors may create additional Units during the offering period of
the Fund.
(d) During the initial offering period, the Sponsors intend to offer to
purchase Units at prices based on the offer side value of the underlying
Securities. Thereafter, the Sponsors intend to maintain such a market based on
the bid side value of the underlying Securities which will be equal to the
Redemption Price.
(e) All of the Debt Obligations in this Trust are insured as to scheduled
payments of principal and interest as a result of which the Units of the Trust
are rated AAA by Standard & Poor's.
VOLUME PURCHASE DISCOUNT
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Initial Offering Period
Sales Charge as
a percentage of the offer
side
Number of Units Public Offering Price
- --------------- -----------------------------
Less than 250 4.5%
250 - 499 3.5
500 - 749 3.0
750 - 999 2.5
1,000 or more 2.0
Secondary Market
The sales charge in the secondary market will
be a percentage of the bid side evaluation of
the underlying Securities, and will vary
depending on the maturity of each Security
and the number of Units purchased.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT TRUST FUND
Our defined portfolios of municipal bonds offer investors a simple and convenient
way to earn monthly income tax-free. And by purchasing municipal Defined Funds,
investors not only avoid the problem of selecting municipal bonds by themselves,
but also gain the advantage of diversification by investing in bonds of several
different issuers. Spreading your investment among different securities and
issuers reduces your risk, but does not eliminate it.
MONTHLY TAX-FREE INTEREST INCOME
Each Trust pays monthly income, even though the underlying bonds pay interest
semi-annually. This income is generally 100% exempt under existing laws from
regular federal income tax and from certain state and local personal income taxes
in the State for which the Trust is named. Any gain on disposition of the
underlying bonds will be subject to tax.
REINVESTMENT OPTION
You can elect to automatically reinvest your distributions into a separate
portfolio of federally tax-exempt bonds. Reinvesting helps to compound your
income tax-free. Income from the reinvestment program may be subject to state and
local taxes.
A-RATED INVESTMENT QUALITY
Each bond in the Fund has been selected by investment professionals among
available bonds rated A or better by at least one national rating organization or
has, in the opinion of Defined Funds research analysts, comparable credit
characteristics. Bonds with these 'investment grade' ratings are judged to have a
strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal. In addition, units of any
insured Fund are rated AAA by Standard & Poor's.
PROFESSIONAL SELECTION AND SUPERVISION
Each Trust contains a variety of securities selected by experienced buyers and
market analysts. The Trusts are not actively managed. However, each portfolio is
regularly reviewed and a security can be sold if, in the opinion of Defined Funds
analysts and buyers, retaining it could be detrimental to investors' interests.
A LIQUID INVESTMENT
Although not legally required to do so, the Sponsors have maintained a secondary
market for Defined Asset Funds for over 20 years. You can cash in your units at
any time. Your price is based on the market value of the bonds in the Fund's
portfolio at that time as determined by an independent evaluator. Or, you can
exchange your investment for another Defined Fund at a reduced sales charge.
There is never a fee for cashing in your investment.
PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTIONS
Principal from sales, redemptions and maturities of bonds in the Fund is
distributed to investors periodically.
RISK FACTORS
Unit price fluctuates and is affected by interest rates as well as the financial
condition of the issuers and insurers of the bonds.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
registration statement relating to the securities of the next Trust in this
series of Municipal Investment Trust Fund has been filed with the Securities
and Exchange
Commission. The securities of that Trust may not be sold nor may offers to buy
be accepted prior to the time that registration statement becomes effective.
This
brochure shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer
to buy
nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any State in which such
offer,
solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification
under
the securities laws of any such State.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
MUNICIPAL INVESTMENT TRUST FUND, MULTISTATE SERIES - 61
DEFINED ASSET FUNDS
PORTFOLIO OF THE CALIFORNIA TRUST (INSURED),
ON THE INITIAL DATE OF DEPOSIT, May 13, 1994
<TABLE><CAPTION>
PORTFOLIO NO. AND TITLE OF RATINGS OF FACE
DEBT OBLIGATIONS CONTRACTED FOR ISSUES (1) AMOUNT COUPON MATURITIES
--------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1. The City of Los Angeles, CA, Wastewater Sys. Rev. AAA $ 500,000 5.80% 6/1/21
Bonds, Rfdg. Ser. 1993-A (MBIA Ins.)
2. Contra Costa Wtr. Dist. (Contra Costa Cnty., CA) AAA 250,000 6.375 10/1/22
Wtr. Rev. Bonds, Ser. D (AMBAC Ins.)
3. Los Angeles Comm. College Dist., CA, Rfdg. Certs. AAA 500,000 6.00 8/15/20
of Part., 1992 Ser. A (CGIC Ins.)
4. The Regents of the Univ. of California, Rev. Bonds AAA 500,000 6.375 9/1/24
(Multiple Purpose Proj.), Ser. D (MBIA Ins.)
5. Palm Springs Unified Sch. Dist. (Cnty. of AAA 500,000 6.10 2/1/19
Riverside, CA), G.O. Bonds, Election 1992, Ser. B
(CGIC Ins.)
6. Sacramento Muni. Util. Dist., CA, Elec. Rev. Bonds, AAA 500,000 6.375 8/15/22
1992 Ser. B (MBIA Ins.)
7. Pittsburg Unified Sch. Dist. (Contra Costa Cnty., AAA 500,000 6.30 9/1/24
CA), 1994 Certs. of Participation (AMBAC Ins.)
-------------
$ 3,250,000
-------------
-------------
</TABLE>
OPTIONAL
REFUNDING
REDEMPTIONS (2)
-----------------
1. 6/1/03 @ 102
2. 10/1/02 @ 102
3. 8/15/02 @ 102
4. 9/1/02 @ 102
5. 2/1/04 @ 102
6. 8/15/02 @ 102
7. 9/1/03 @ 102
- ------------
NOTES
(1) All ratings are by Standard & Poor's. Any rating followed by '*' is subject
to submission and review of final documentation. Any rating followed by a
'p' is provisional and assumes the successful completion of the project
being financed.
(2) Debt Obligations are first subject to optional redemption (which may be
exercised in whole or in part) on the dates and at the prices indicated
under the Optional Refunding Redemptions column in the table. In subsequent
years Debt Obligations are redeemable at declining prices, but typically
not below par value. Some issues may be subject to sinking fund redemption
or extraordinary redemption without premium prior to the dates shown.
TAX-FREE VS. TAXABLE INCOME
A COMPARISON OF TAXABLE AND TAX-FREE YIELDS
FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS
<TABLE><CAPTION>
COMBINED
TAXABLE INCOME 1994* EFFECTIVE
TAX RATE
A TAX-FREE YIELD OF
%
SINGLE RETURN JOINT RETURN 3% 3.5% 4% 4.5% 5% 5.5% 6%
IS EQUIVALENT TO A TAXABLE YIELD OF
<S> <C> <C> <C> <S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-36,900 20.10 3.75 4.38 5.01 5.63 6.26 6.88 7.51
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$0-22,100 20.10 3.75 4.38 5.01 5.63 6.26 6.88 7.51
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$36,900-89,150 34.70 4.59 5.36 6.13 6.89 7.66 8.42 9.19
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$22,100-53,500 34.70 4.59 5.36 6.13 6.89 7.66 8.42 9.19
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$89,150-140,000 38.59 4.89 5.70 6.51 7.33 8.14 8.96 9.77
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$53,500-115,000 38.59 4.89 5.70 6.51 7.33 8.14 8.96 9.77
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$140,000-250,000 43.04 5.27 6.14 7.02 7.90 8.78 9.66 10.53
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$115,000-250,000 43.04 5.27 6.14 7.02 7.90 8.78 9.66 10.53
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 46.24 5.58 6.51 7.44 8.37 9.30 10.23 11.16
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVER $250,000 46.24 5.58 6.51 7.44 8.37 9.30 10.23 11.16
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
TAXABLE INCOME 199
SINGLE RETURN 6.5% 7%
- ------------------
8.14 8.76
- ------------------
$0-22,100 8.14 8.76
- ------------------
9.95 10.72
- ------------------
$22,100-53,500 9.95 10.72
- ------------------
10.58 11.40
- ------------------
$53,500-115,000 10.58 11.40
- ------------------
11.41 12.29
- ------------------
$115,000-250,000 11.41 12.29
- ------------------
12.09 13.02
- ------------------
OVER $250,000 12.09 13.02
- ------------------
To compare the yield of a taxable security with the yield of a tax-free security
find your taxable income and read across. These tables incorporate current
Federal and applicable State income tax rates and assume that all income would
otherwise be taxable at the investor's highest tax rates. Yield figures are for
example only.
Legislation has recently been enacted that would increase rates for certain
individuals, thereby increasing the tax-free equivalent yield.
*Based upon net amount subject to Federal income tax after deductions and
exemptions. These tables do not reflect other possible tax factors such as the
alternative minimum tax, personal exemptions, the phase out of exemptions,
itemized deductions and the possible partial disallowance of deductions.
Consequently, holders are urged to consult their own tax advisers in this
regard.
14842--5/94
