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PROSPECTUS
May 1, 2000
T. ROWE PRICE
Media &Telecommunications Fund
A stock fund seeking capital growth through media, technology, and
telecommunications companies.
(T. ROWE PRICE RAM LOGO)
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these
securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation
to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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T. Rowe Price Media & Telecommunications Fund, Inc.
Prospectus
May 1, 2000
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<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1 ABOUT THE FUND
Objective, Strategy, Risks, and Expenses 1
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Other Information About the Fund 4
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2 ABOUT YOUR ACCOUNT
Pricing Shares and Receiving 6
Sale Proceeds
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Distributions and Taxes 7
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Transaction Procedures and 9
Special Requirements
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3 MORE ABOUT THE FUND
Organization and Management 12
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Understanding Performance Information 13
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Investment Policies and Practices 14
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Financial Highlights 19
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4 INVESTING WITH T. ROWE PRICE
Account Requirements 21
and Transaction Information
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Opening a New Account 21
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Purchasing Additional Shares 23
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Exchanging and Redeeming 23
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Rights Reserved by the Fund 25
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Information About Your Services 26
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T. Rowe Price Brokerage 28
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Investment Information 29
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</TABLE>
Founded in 1937 by the late Thomas Rowe Price, Jr., T. Rowe Price Associates,
Inc., and its affiliates managed $179.9 billion for more than eight million
individual and institutional investor accounts as of December 31, 1999.
Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed by, any
depository institution. Shares are not insured by the FDIC, Federal Reserve, or
any other government agency, and are subject to investment risks, including
possible loss of the principal amount invested.
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ABOUT THE FUND
OBJECTIVE, STRATEGY, RISKS, AND EXPENSES
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To help you decide whether this fund is appropriate for you, this section
reviews its major characteristics.
What is the fund's objective?
The fund seeks to provide long-term capital growth through the common stocks
of media, technology, and telecommunications companies.
What is the fund's principal investment strategy?
We invest at least 80% of total assets in the common stocks of companies
engaged in any facet of media and telecommunications, including publishing,
movies, cable TV, telephones, cellular services, and technology and
equipment. Generally, the fund invests in companies in the large- to
mid-capitalization range.
Stock selection is based on fundamental, bottom-up analysis that seeks to
identify companies with good appreciation prospects. The fund manager may use
both growth and value approaches to stock selection. In the growth area, the
manager will try to identify companies with capable management, attractive
business niches, sound financial and accounting practices, and a demonstrated
ability to increase revenues, earnings, and cash flow consistently.
In looking for value stocks, the manager will seek companies whose current
stock prices appear undervalued in terms of earnings, projected cash flow, or
asset value per share, and with growth potential temporarily unrecognized by
the market. The fund manager also seeks to invest in companies whose stock
prices may be temporarily depressed.
While most assets will be invested in U.S. common stocks, other securities
may also be purchased, including foreign stocks, futures, and options, in
keeping with fund objectives.
The fund may sell securities for a variety of reasons, such as to secure
gains, limit losses, or redeploy assets into more promising opportunities.
. For details about the fund's investment program, please see the Investment
Policies and Practices section.
What are the main risks of investing in the fund?
As with all equity funds, this fund's share price can fall because of
weakness in the broad market, a particular industry, or specific holdings.
The market as a whole can decline for many reasons, including adverse
political or economic developments here or abroad, changes in investor
psychology, or heavy institutional sell-
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T. ROWE PRICE
ing. The prospects for an industry or company may deteriorate because of a
variety of factors, including disappointing earnings or changes in the
competitive environment. In addition, our assessment of companies held in the
fund may prove incorrect, resulting in losses or poor performance even in a
rising market. Finally, the fund's investment approach could fall out of
favor with the investing public, resulting in lagging performance versus
other types of stock funds.
Since the fund is focused on the media and telecommunications industries, it
is less diversified than stock funds investing in a broader range of
industries and, therefore, could experience significant volatility. Companies
in these industries are subject to the additional risks of rapid
obsolescence, lack of investor or consumer acceptance, lack of
standardization or compatibility with existing technologies, an unfavorable
regulatory environment, intense competition, and a dependency on patent and
copyright protection. Likewise, if the portfolio has substantial exposure to
mid-cap companies, it would be subject to the greater volatility of those
stocks.
Growth stocks can have steep declines if their earnings disappoint investors.
The value approach carries the risk that the market will not recognize a
security's intrinsic value for a long time, or that a stock judged to be
undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.
Foreign stock holdings are subject to the risk that some holdings may lose
value because of declining foreign currencies or adverse political or
economic events overseas. Investments in futures and options, if any, are
subject to additional volatility and potential losses.
As with any mutual fund, there can be no guarantee the fund will achieve its
objective.
. The fund's share price may decline, so when you sell your shares, you may
lose money.
How can I tell if the fund is appropriate for me?
Consider your investment goals, your time horizon for achieving them, and
your tolerance for risk. If you are willing to accept the risks of investing
in a limited group of industries in pursuit of long-term capital growth, the
fund could be appropriate for you. This fund should not represent your
complete investment program or be used for short-term trading purposes.
The fund can be used in both regular and tax-deferred accounts, such as IRAs.
. Equity investors should have a long-term investment horizon and be willing
to wait out bear markets.
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ABOUT THE FUND
How has the fund performed in the past?
The bar chart showing calendar year returns and the average annual total
return table indicate risk by illustrating how much returns can differ from
one year to the next and over time. Fund past performance is no guarantee of
future returns.
The fund can also experience short-term performance swings, as shown by the
best and worst calendar quarter returns during the years depicted in the
chart.
LOGO
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Calendar Year Total Returns
"94" "95" "96" "97" "98" "99"
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<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
-0.90 43.29 1.78 28.05 35.14 93.09
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</TABLE>
Quarter ended Total return
Best quarter 12/31/99 41.63%
Worst quarter 9/30/98 -18.64%
The fund began as the closed-end New Age Media Fund and converted to open-end
status on July 25, 1997, operating under a different expense structure.
<TABLE>
Table 1 Average Annual Total Returns
<CAPTION>
Periods ended
December 31, 1999
Since inception
1 year 5 years (10/13/93)
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<S> <C> <C> <C>
Media & Telecommunications Fund 93.09% 37.26% 28.29%
S&P 500 Stock Index 21.04 28.56 22.98
Lipper Science &Technology Funds 134.77 40.91 33.95*
Average
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</TABLE>
These figures include changes in principal value, reinvested dividends, and
capital gain distributions, if any.
*Since October 14, 1993.
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T. ROWE PRICE
What fees or expenses will I pay?
The fund is 100% no load. There are no fees or charges to buy or sell fund
shares, reinvest dividends, or exchange into other T. Rowe Price funds. There
are no 12b-1 fees.
<TABLE>
Table 2 Fees and Expenses of the Fund
<CAPTION>
Annual fund operating expenses
(expenses that are deducted from fund assets)
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<S> <C>
Management fee 0.67%/ // /
Other expenses 0.26%
Total annual fund operating 0.93%/ // /
expenses
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</TABLE>
Example. The following table gives you a rough idea of how expense ratios
may translate into dollars and helps you to compare the cost of investing in
this fund with that of other funds. Although your actual costs may be higher
or lower, the table shows how much you would pay if operating expenses remain
the same, you invest $10,000, earn a 5% annual return, and hold the
investment for the following periods:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1 year 3 years 5 years 10 years
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<S> <C> <C> <C>
$95 $296 $515 $1,143
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</TABLE>
OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
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What are some of the fund's potential rewards?
T. Rowe Price believes that trends in the media and telecommunications
industries offer opportunities for significant long-term capital
appreciation. For investors who currently have a broad exposure to equities,
the fund provides a way to invest in the media and telecommunications
field-an area of the economy undergoing substantial change with the potential
for rapid growth.
What types of companies could benefit most from these developments?
The fund may benefit from companies operating in the following areas:
. Media and Content These companies create and own various forms of printed,
visual, and audio content, as well as information databases that they sell or
lease to others. Examples include newspaper, magazine, and book publishers,
software developers, movie and television studios, advertising agencies,
gaming and lodging companies, and credit card processors.
. Distribution These companies own and operate both wired and wireless
distribution networks that transport various forms of content. Examples
include domes-
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ABOUT THE FUND
tic and international telephone companies, cellular and paging services,
radio and television broadcasters, and cable television and direct satellite
broadcast system operators.
. Technology These companies manufacture equipment and provide services used
by content creators, distribution companies, and various consumers of media
and telecommunications products and services. Examples include semiconductor
manufacturers, software developers, networking companies, and
telecommunications equipment vendors.
Is there other information I can review before making a decision?
Investment Policies and Practices in Section 3 discusses various types of
portfolio securities the fund may purchase as well as types of management
practices the fund may use.
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ABOUT YOUR ACCOUNT
PRICING SHARES AND RECEIVING SALE PROCEEDS
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Here are some procedures you should know when investing in a T. Rowe Price
fund.
How and when shares are priced
The share price (also called "net asset value" or NAV per share) for the fund
is calculated at the close of the New York Stock Exchange, normally 4 p.m.
ET, each day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business. To calculate
the NAV, the fund's assets are valued and totaled, liabilities are
subtracted, and the balance, called net assets, is divided by the number of
shares outstanding. Current market values are used to price fund shares.
. The various ways you can buy, sell, and exchange shares are explained at the
end of this prospectus and on the New Account Form. These procedures may
differ for institutional and employer-sponsored retirement accounts.
How your purchase, sale, or exchange price is determined
If we receive your request in correct form by 4 p.m. ET, your transaction
will be priced at that day's NAV. If we receive it after 4 p.m., it will be
priced at the next business day's NAV.
We cannot accept orders that request a particular day or price for your
transaction or any other special conditions.
Fund shares may be purchased through various third-party intermediaries
including banks, brokers, and investment advisers. Where authorized by a
fund, orders will be priced at the NAV next computed after receipt by the
intermediary. Consult your intermediary to determine when your orders will be
priced. The intermediary may charge a fee for its services.
Note: The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time until
which orders are accepted may be changed in case of an emergency or if the
New York Stock Exchange closes at a time other than 4 p.m. ET.
How you can receive the proceeds from a sale
. When filling out the New Account Form, you may wish to give yourself the
widest range of options for receiving proceeds from a sale.
If your request is received by 4 p.m. ET in correct form, proceeds are
usually sent on the next business day. Proceeds can be sent to you by mail or
to your bank account by Automated Clearing House (ACH) transfer or bank wire.
ACH is an automated method of initiating payments from, and receiving
payments in, your financial institution account. The ACH system is supported
by over 20,000
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ABOUT THE FUND
banks, savings banks, and credit unions. Proceeds sent by ACH transfer should
be credited the second business day after the sale. Proceeds sent by bank
wire should be credited to your account the first business day after the
sale.
. Exception: Under certain circumstances and when deemed to be in a fund's
best interest, your proceeds may not be sent for up to seven calendar days
after we receive your redemption request.
. If for some reason we cannot accept your request to sell shares, we will
contact you.
USEFUL INFORMATION ON DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
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. All net investment income and realized capital gains are distributed to
shareholders.
Dividends and Other Distributions
Dividend and capital gain distributions are reinvested in additional fund
shares in your account unless you select another option on your New Account
Form. The advantage of reinvesting distributions arises from compounding;
that is, you receive income dividends and capital gain distributions on a
rising number of shares.
Distributions not reinvested are paid by check or transmitted to your bank
account via ACH. If the Post Office cannot deliver your check, or if your
check remains uncashed for six months, the fund reserves the right to
reinvest your distribution check in your account at the NAV on the day of the
reinvestment and to reinvest all subsequent distributions in shares of the
fund. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution
or redemption checks.
Income dividends
. The fund declares and pays dividends (if any) annually.
. A portion of fund dividends may be eligible for the 70% deduction for
dividends received by corporations.
Capital gains
. A capital gain or loss is the difference between the purchase and sale price
of a security.
. If a fund has net capital gains for the year (after subtracting any capital
losses), they are usually declared and paid in December to shareholders of
record on a specified date that month.
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T. ROWE PRICE
Tax Information
. You will be sent timely information for your tax filing needs.
You need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when:
. You sell fund shares, including an exchange from one fund to another.
. The fund makes a distribution to your account.
Taxes on fund redemptions
When you sell shares in any fund, you may realize a gain or loss. An exchange
from one fund to another is still a sale for tax purposes.
In January, you will be sent Form 1099-B indicating the date and amount of
each sale you made in the fund during the prior year. This information will
also be reported to the IRS. For most new accounts or those opened by
exchange in 1984 or later, we will provide the gain or loss on the shares you
sold during the year, based on the "average cost," single category method.
This information is not reported to the IRS, and you do not have to use it.
You may calculate the cost basis using other methods acceptable to the IRS,
such as "specific identification."
To help you maintain accurate records, we send you a confirmation immediately
following each transaction you make (except for systematic purchases and
redemptions) and a year-end statement detailing all your transactions in each
fund account during the year.
Taxes on fund distributions
. The following summary does not apply to retirement accounts, such as IRAs,
which are not subject to current tax.
In January, you will be sent Form 1099-DIV indicating the tax status of any
dividend and capital gain distributions made to you. This information will
also be reported to the IRS. Distributions are generally taxable to you for
the year in which they were paid. You will be sent any additional information
you need to determine your taxes on fund distributions, such as the portion
of your dividends, if any, that may be exempt from state income taxes.
The tax treatment of a capital gain distribution is determined by how long
the fund held the portfolio securities, not how long you held shares in the
fund. Short-term (one year or less) capital gain distributions are taxable at
the same rate as ordinary income and long-term gains on securities held more
than 12 months are taxed at a maximum rate of 20%. However, if you realized a
loss on the sale or exchange of fund shares that you held six months or less,
your short-term loss will be reclassified to a long-term loss to the extent
of any long-term capital gain distribution received during the period you
held the shares.
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ABOUT THE FUND
Gains and losses from the sale of foreign currencies and the foreign currency
gain or loss resulting from the sale of a foreign debt security can increase
or decrease an ordinary income dividend. Net foreign currency losses may
cause a dividend to be classified as a return of capital.
. Distributions are taxable whether reinvested in additional shares or
received in cash.
Tax effect of buying shares before a capital gain or dividend distribution
If you buy shares shortly before or on the "record date" - the date that
establishes you as the person to receive the upcoming distribution - you will
receive a portion of the money you just invested in the form of a taxable
distribution. Therefore, you may wish to find out a fund's record date before
investing. Of course, a fund's share price may, at any time, reflect
undistributed capital gains or income and unrealized appreciation, which may
result in future taxable distributions.
TRANSACTION PROCEDURES AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
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. Following these procedures helps assure timely and accurate transactions.
Purchase Conditions
Nonpayment
If you pay with a check or ACH transfer that does not clear or if your
payment is not timely received, your purchase will be canceled. You will be
responsible for any losses or expenses incurred by the fund or transfer
agent, and the fund can redeem shares you own in this or another identically
registered T. Rowe Price account as reimbursement. The fund and its agents
have the right to reject or cancel any purchase, exchange, or redemption due
to nonpayment.
U.S. dollars; type of check
All purchases must be paid for in U.S. dollars; checks must be drawn on U.S.
banks.
Sale (Redemption) Conditions
Holds on immediate redemptions: 10-day hold
If you sell shares that you just purchased and paid for by check or ACH
transfer, the fund will process your redemption but will generally delay
sending you the proceeds for up to 10 calendar days to allow the check or
transfer to clear. If your redemption request was sent by mail or mailgram,
proceeds will be mailed no later than the seventh calendar day following
receipt unless the check or ACH transfer has not cleared. (The 10-day hold
does not apply to purchases paid for by bank wire or automatic purchases
through your paycheck.)
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T. ROWE PRICE
Telephone, Tele*Access/(R)/, and personal computer transactions
Exchange and redemption services through telephone and Tele*Access are
established automatically when you sign the New Account Form unless you check
the boxes that state you do not want these services. Personal computer
transactions must be authorized separately. T. Rowe Price funds and their
agents use reasonable procedures to verify the identity of the shareholder.
If these procedures are followed, the funds and their agents are not liable
for any losses that may occur from acting on unauthorized instructions. A
confirmation is sent promptly after a transaction. Please review it carefully
and contact T. Rowe Price immediately about any transaction you believe to be
unauthorized. All telephone conversations are recorded.
Redemptions over $250,000
Large sales can adversely affect a portfolio manager's ability to implement a
fund's investment strategy by causing the premature sale of securities that
would otherwise be held. If, in any 90-day period, you redeem (sell) more
than $250,000, or your sale amounts to more than 1% of fund net assets, the
fund has the right to pay the difference between the redemption amount and
the lesser of the two previously mentioned figures with securities from the
fund.
Excessive Trading
. T. Rowe Price may bar excessive traders from purchasing shares.
Frequent trades in your account or accounts controlled by you can disrupt
management of the fund and raise its expenses. To deter such activity, the
fund has adopted an excessive trading policy. If you violate our excessive
trading policy, you may be barred indefinitely and without further notice
from further purchases of T. Rowe Price funds.
. Trades placed directly with T. Rowe Price If you trade directly with T.
Rowe Price, you can make one purchase and one sale involving the same fund
within any 120-day period. For example, if you are in fund A, you can move
assets from fund A to fund B and, within the next 120 days, sell your shares
in fund B to return to fund A or move to fund C. If you exceed this limit, or
if your trade activity involves market timing, you are in violation of our
excessive trading policy.
Two types of transactions are exempt from this policy: 1) trades solely in
money market funds (exchanges between a money fund and a nonmoney fund are
not exempt); and 2) systematic purchases or redemptions (see Information
About Your Services).
. Trades placed through intermediaries If you purchase fund shares through an
intermediary including a broker, bank, investment adviser, or other third
party, you can make one purchase and one sale involving the same fund within
any 120-day period. If you exceed this limit or if you hold fund shares for
less than 60 cal-
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND
endar days, you are in violation of our excessive trading policy. Systematic
purchases or redemptions are exempt from this policy.
Keeping Your Account Open
Due to the relatively high cost to a fund of maintaining small accounts, we
ask you to maintain an account balance of at least $1,000. If your balance is
below $1,000 for three months or longer, we have the right to close your
account after giving you 60 days in which to increase your balance.
Small Account Fee
Because of the disproportionately high costs of servicing accounts with low
balances, a $10 fee, paid to T. Rowe Price Services, the fund's transfer
agent, will automatically be deducted from nonretirement accounts with
balances falling below a minimum. The valuation of accounts and the deduction
are expected to take place during the last five business days of September.
The fee will be deducted from accounts with balances below $2,000, except for
UGMA/UTMA accounts, for which the minimum is $500. The fee will be waived for
any investor whose T. Rowe Price mutual fund accounts total $25,000 or more.
Accounts employing automatic investing (e.g., payroll deduction, automatic
purchase from a bank account, etc.) are also exempt from the charge. The fee
does not apply to IRAs and other retirement plan accounts, but a separate
custodial fee may apply to such accounts.
Signature Guarantees
. A signature guarantee is designed to protect you and the T. Rowe Price funds
from fraud by verifying your signature.
You may need to have your signature guaranteed in certain situations, such
as:
. Written requests 1) to redeem over $100,000, or 2) to wire redemption
proceeds.
. Remitting redemption proceeds to any person, address, or bank account not on
record.
. Transferring redemption proceeds to a T. Rowe Price fund account with a
different registration (name or ownership) from yours.
. Establishing certain services after the account is opened.
You can obtain a signature guarantee from most banks, savings institutions,
broker-dealers, and other guarantors acceptable to T. Rowe Price. We cannot
accept guarantees from notaries public or organizations that do not provide
reimbursement in the case of fraud.
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MORE ABOUT THE FUND
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
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How is the fund organized?
The fund was incorporated in Maryland in 1993 as a diversified, closed-end
investment company. In 1997, it was converted to a "diversified, open-end
investment company," or mutual fund. Mutual funds pool money received from
shareholders and invest it to try to achieve specified objectives.
. Shareholders benefit from T. Rowe Price's 63 years of investment management
experience.
What is meant by "shares"?
As with all mutual funds, investors purchase shares when they put money in a
fund. These shares are part of a fund's authorized capital stock, but share
certificates are not issued.
Each share and fractional share entitles the shareholder to:
. Receive a proportional interest in a fund's income and capital gain
distributions.
. Cast one vote per share on certain fund matters, including the election of
fund directors, changes in fundamental policies, or approval of changes in
the fund's management contract.
Do T. Rowe Price funds have annual shareholder meetings?
The funds are not required to hold annual meetings and, to avoid unnecessary
costs to fund shareholders, do not do so except when certain matters, such as
a change in fundamental policies, must be decided. In addition, shareholders
representing at least 10% of all eligible votes may call a special meeting,
if they wish, for the purpose of voting on the removal of any fund director
or trustee. If a meeting is held and you cannot attend, you can vote by
proxy. Before the meeting, the fund will send you proxy materials that
explain the issues to be decided and include instructions on voting by mail
or telephone, or on the Internet.
Who runs the fund?
General Oversight
The fund is governed by a Board of Directors that meets regularly to review
the fund's investments, performance, expenses, and other business affairs.
The Board elects the fund's officers. The policy of the fund is that the
majority of Board members are independent of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.
(T. Rowe Price).
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ABOUT THE FUND
. All decisions regarding the purchase and sale of fund investments are made
by T. Rowe Price - specifically by the fund's portfolio managers.
Portfolio Management
The fund has an Investment Advisory Committee with the following members:
Robert N. Gensler, Chairman, Archana Basi, Giri Devulapally, Stephen C.
Jansen, Terral M. Jordan, and Robert Smith. The committee chairman has
day-to-day responsibility for managing the portfolio and works with the
committee in developing and executing the fund's investment program. Mr.
Gensler was elected chairman of the fund's committee in 2000. He joined T.
Rowe Price as an investment analyst in 1993.
The Management Fee
This fee has two parts - an "individual fund fee," which reflects a fund's
particular characteristics, and a "group fee." The group fee, which is
designed to reflect the benefits of the shared resources of the T. Rowe Price
investment management complex, is calculated daily based on the combined net
assets of all T. Rowe Price funds (except the Spectrum Funds, and any
institutional, index, or private label mutual funds). The group fee schedule
(shown below) is graduated, declining as the asset total rises, so
shareholders benefit from the overall growth in mutual fund assets.
<TABLE>
Group Fee Schedule
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
0.334%/a/ First $50 billion
0.305% Next $30 billion
0.300% Next $40 billion
0.295% Thereafter
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</TABLE>
/a/ Represents a blended group fee rate containing various break points.
The fund's portion of the group fee is determined by the ratio of its daily
net assets to the daily net assets of all the T. Rowe Price funds described
previously. Based on combined T. Rowe Price fund assets of over $106 billion
at December 31, 1999, the group fee was 0.32%. The individual fund fee is
0.35%.
UNDERSTANDING PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
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This section should help you understand the terms used to describe fund
performance. You will come across them in shareholder reports you receive
from us; in our newsletter, The Price Report; in T. Rowe Price
advertisements; and in the media.
<PAGE>
T. ROWE PRICE
Total Return
This tells you how much an investment has changed in value over a given time
period. It reflects any net increase or decrease in the share price and
assumes that all dividends and capital gains (if any) paid during the period
were reinvested in additional shares. Therefore, total return numbers include
the effect of compounding.
Advertisements may include cumulative or average annual total return figures,
which may be compared with various indices, other performance measures, or
other mutual funds.
Cumulative Total Return
This is the actual return of an investment for a specified period. A
cumulative return does not indicate how much the value of the investment may
have fluctuated during the period. For example, an investment could have a
10-year positive cumulative return despite experiencing some negative years
during that time.
Average Annual Total Return
This is always hypothetical and should not be confused with actual
year-by-year results. It smooths out all the variations in annual performance
to tell you what constant year-by-year return would have produced the
investment's actual cumulative return. This gives you an idea of an
investment's annual contribution to your portfolio, provided you held it for
the entire period.
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES
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This section takes a detailed look at some of the types of fund portfolio
securities and the various kinds of investment practices that may be used in
day-to-day portfolio management. Fund investments are subject to further
restrictions and risks described in the Statement of Additional Information.
Shareholder approval is required to substantively change fund objectives and
certain investment restrictions noted in the following section as
"fundamental policies." The managers also follow certain "operating
policies," which can be changed without shareholder approval. However,
significant changes are discussed with shareholders in fund reports. Fund
investment restrictions and policies are adhered to at the time of
investment. A later change in circumstances will not require the sale of an
investment if it was proper at the time it was made.
Fund holdings of certain kinds of investments cannot exceed maximum
percentages of total assets, which are set forth in this prospectus. For
instance, fund investments in hybrid instruments are limited to 10% of total
assets. While these
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ABOUT THE FUND
restrictions provide a useful level of detail about fund investments,
investors should not view them as an accurate gauge of the potential risk of
such investments. For example, in a given period, a 5% investment in hybrid
instruments could have significantly more of an impact on a fund's share
price than its weighting in the portfolio. The net effect of a particular
investment depends on its volatility and the size of its overall return in
relation to the performance of all the other fund investments.
Changes in fund holdings, fund performance, and the contribution of various
investments are discussed in the shareholder reports sent to you.
. Fund managers have considerable leeway in choosing investment strategies and
selecting securities they believe will help achieve fund objectives.
Types of Portfolio Securities
In seeking to meet its investment objective, the fund may invest in any type
of security or instrument (including certain potentially high-risk
derivatives described in this section) whose investment characteristics are
consistent with the fund's investment program. The following pages describe
various types of fund portfolio securities and investment management
practices.
Fundamental policy The fund will not purchase a security if, as a result,
with respect to 75% of its total assets, more than 5% of its total assets
would be invested in securities of a single issuer, or if more than 10% of
the voting securities of the issuer would be held by the fund.
Fund investments are primarily in common stocks and, to a lesser degree,
other types of securities as described below.
Common and Preferred Stocks
Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company. Generally, preferred stock
has a specified dividend and ranks after bonds and before common stocks in
its claim on income for dividend payments and on assets should the company be
liquidated. After other claims are satisfied, common stockholders participate
in company profits on a pro-rata basis; profits may be paid out in dividends
or reinvested in the company to help it grow. Increases and decreases in
earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price, so common stocks
generally have the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential of all
corporate securities. While most preferred stocks pay a dividend, preferred
stock may be purchased where the issuer has omitted, or is in danger of
omitting, payment of its dividend. Such investments would be made primarily
for their capital appreciation potential.
<PAGE>
T. ROWE PRICE
Convertible Securities and Warrants
Investments may be made in debt or preferred equity securities convertible
into, or exchangeable for, equity securities. Traditionally, convertible
securities have paid dividends or interest at rates higher than common stocks
but lower than nonconvertible securities. They generally participate in the
appreciation or depreciation of the underlying stock into which they are
convertible, but to a lesser degree. In recent years, convertibles have been
developed which combine higher or lower current income with options and other
features. Warrants are options to buy a stated number of shares of common
stock at a specified price anytime during the life of the warrants
(generally, two or more years).
Foreign Securities
Investments may be made in foreign securities. These include
nondollar-denominated securities traded outside of the U.S. and
dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers traded in the U.S. (such as
ADRs). Such investments increase a portfolio's diversification and may
enhance return, but they also involve some special risks, such as exposure to
potentially adverse local political and economic developments;
nationalization and exchange controls; potentially lower liquidity and higher
volatility; possible problems arising from accounting, disclosure,
settlement, and regulatory practices that differ from U.S. standards; and the
chance that fluctuations in foreign exchange rates will decrease the
investment's value (favorable changes can increase its value). These risks
are heightened for investments in developing countries, and there is no limit
on the amount of fund foreign investments that may be made in such countries.
Operating policy Fund investments in foreign securities are limited to 35%
of total assets (excluding reserves).
Fixed Income Securities
From time to time, we may invest in debt securities of any type, including
municipal securities, without regard to quality or rating. Such securities
would be purchased in companies, municipalities, or entities which meet the
investment criteria for the fund. The price of a bond fluctuates with changes
in interest rates, generally rising when interest rates fall and falling when
interest rates rise.
Operating policy The fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in
corporate debt securities, including convertible bonds.
High-Yield, High-Risk Investing
The total return and yield of lower-quality (high-yield, high-risk) bonds,
commonly referred to as "junk" bonds, can be expected to fluctuate more than
the total return and yield of higher-quality, shorter-term bonds, but not as
much as those of common stocks. Junk bonds (those rated below BBB or in
default) are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the
issuer's continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments.
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND
Operating policy The fund may purchase any type of noninvestment-grade debt
security (or junk bond) including those in default. The fund will not
purchase this type of security if immediately after such purchase the fund
would have more than 5% of its total assets invested in such securities.
There is no limit on fund investments in convertible securities.
Hybrid Instruments
These instruments (a type of potentially high-risk derivative) can combine
the characteristics of securities, futures, and options. For example, the
principal amount, redemption, or conversion terms of a security could be
related to the market price of some commodity, currency, or securities index.
Such securities may bear interest or pay dividends at below market or even
relatively nominal rates. Under some conditions, the redemption value of such
an investment could be zero.
. Hybrids can have volatile prices and limited liquidity, and their use may
not be successful.
Operating policy Fund investments in hybrid instruments are limited to 10%
of total assets.
Private Placements
These securities are sold directly to a small number of investors, usually
institutions. Unlike public offerings, such securities are not registered
with the SEC. Although certain of these securities may be readily sold, for
example, under Rule 144A, others may be illiquid, and their sale may involve
substantial delays and additional costs.
Operating policy Fund investments in illiquid securities are limited to 15%
of net assets.
Types of Investment Management Practices
Reserve Position
A certain portion of fund assets will be held in money market reserves. Fund
reserve positions are expected to consist primarily of shares of one or more
T. Rowe Price internal money market funds. Short-term, high-quality U.S. and
foreign dollar-denominated money market securities, including repurchase
agreements, may also be held. For temporary, defensive purposes, there is no
limit on fund investments in money market reserves. The effect of taking such
a position is that the fund may not achieve its investment objective. The
reserve position provides flexibility in meeting redemptions, expenses, and
the timing of new investments and can serve as a short-term defense during
periods of unusual market volatility.
<PAGE>
T. ROWE PRICE
Borrowing Money and Transferring Assets
Fund borrowings may be made from banks and other T. Rowe Price funds for
temporary emergency purposes to facilitate redemption requests, or for other
purposes consistent with fund policies as set forth in this prospectus. Such
borrowings may be collateralized with fund assets, subject to restrictions.
Fundamental policy Borrowings may not exceed 33/1//\\/3/\\% of total fund
assets.
Operating policy Fund transfers of portfolio securities as collateral will
not be made except as necessary in connection with permissible borrowings or
investments, and then such transfers may not exceed 33/1//\\/3/\\% of the
fund's total assets. Fund purchases of additional securities will not be made
when borrowings exceed 5% of total assets.
Futures and Options
Futures (a type of potentially high-risk derivative) are often used to manage
or hedge risk because they enable the investor to buy or sell an asset in the
future at an agreed-upon price. Options (another type of potentially
high-risk derivative) give the investor the right (where the investor
purchases the option), or the obligation (where the investor writes (sells)
the option), to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price in the future.
Futures and options contracts may be bought or sold for any number of
reasons, including: to manage fund exposure to changes in securities prices
and foreign currencies; as an efficient means of adjusting fund overall
exposure to certain markets; in an effort to enhance income; as a cash
management tool; and to protect the value of portfolio securities. Call and
put options may be purchased or sold on securities, financial indices, and
foreign currencies.
Futures contracts and options may not always be successful hedges; their
prices can be highly volatile; using them could lower fund total return; and
the potential loss from the use of futures can exceed a fund's initial
investment in such contracts.
Operating policies Futures: Initial margin deposits and premiums on options
used for nonhedging purposes will not exceed 5% of fund net asset value.
Options on securities: The total market value of securities against which
call or put options are written may not exceed 25% of fund total assets. No
more than 5% of fund total assets will be committed to premiums when
purchasing call or put options.
Managing Foreign Currency Risk
Investors in foreign securities may "hedge" their exposure to potentially
unfavorable currency changes by purchasing a contract to exchange one
currency for another on some future date at a specified exchange rate. In
certain circumstances, a "proxy currency" may be substituted for the currency
in which the investment is denominated, a strategy known as "proxy hedging."
Foreign cur-
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND
rency transactions, if used, would be designed primarily to protect a fund's
foreign securities from adverse currency movements relative to the dollar.
Such transactions involve the risk that anticipated currency movements will
not occur, and fund total return could be reduced.
Lending of Portfolio Securities
Fund securities may be lent to broker-dealers, other institutions, or other
persons to earn additional income. The principal risk is the potential
insolvency of the broker-dealer or other borrower. In this event, the fund
could experience delays in recovering its securities and capital losses.
Fundamental policy The value of loaned securities may not exceed
33/1//\\/3/\\% of total fund assets.
Portfolio Turnover
The fund will not generally trade in securities for short-term profits, but,
when circumstances warrant, securities may be purchased and sold without
regard to the length of time held. A high turnover rate may increase
transaction costs and result in higher capital gain distributions by the
fund. The fund's portfolio turnover rates for the fiscal years ending
December 31 are listed in the table in the Financial Highlights section.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------------------------------------------
Table 3, which provides information about the fund's financial history, is
based on a single share outstanding throughout each fiscal year. The table is
part of the fund's financial statements, which are included in its annual
report and are incorporated by reference into the Statement of Additional
Information (available upon request). The total returns in the table
represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an
investment in the fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and
distributions). The financial statements in the annual report were audited by
the fund's independent accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
<PAGE>
T. ROWE PRICE
<TABLE>
Table 3 Financial Highlights
<CAPTION>
Year ended December 31
1995 1996 1997 /a/ 1998 1999
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <S>
Net asset value,
beginning of period $ 13.44 $ 17.99 $ 15.22 $ 17.40 $ 22.54
Income From Investment Operations
Net investment income (0.04) (0.11) (0.01) (0.07) (0.05)
------------------------------------------------------------
Net gains or losses
on securities (both
realized and 5.79 0.36 4.22 6.07 20.72
unrealized)
------------------------------------------------------------
Total from investment
operations 5.75 0.25 4.21 6.00 20.67
Less Distributions
Dividends (from net (0.07) -- -- -- --
investment income)
------------------------------------------------------------
Distributions (from (1.13) (3.09) (2.05) (0.86) (3.22)
capital gains)
------------------------------------------------------------
Returns of capital -- -- -- -- --
------------------------------------------------------------
Total distributions (1.20) (3.09) (2.05) (0.86) (3.22)
------------------------------------------------------------
Share repurchases /b/ -- 0.07 0.02 -- --
------------------------------------------------------------
Net asset value, $ 17.99 $ 15.22 $ 17.40 $ 22.54 $ 39.99
end of period
------------------------------------------------------------
Total return /c/ 43.29% 1.78% 28.05% 35.14% 93.09%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net assets, end of $268,782 $222,556 $133,913 $246,088 $930,147
period (in thousands)
------------------------------------------------------------
Ratio of expenses to 1.25% 1.22% 1.21% 1.03% 0.93%
average net assets
------------------------------------------------------------
Ratio of net income (0.25)% (0.55)% (0.06)% (0.38)% (0.24)%
to average net assets
------------------------------------------------------------
Portfolio turnover 118.9% 102.9% 38.6% 48.9% 57.6%
rate
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
/a/The fund converted to an open-end management investment company effective
July 25, 1997.
/b/
Prior to the conversion, the fund made repurchases of its shares in the open
market at a discount from the net asset value, which had the effect of
increasing the net asset value per share of the remaining shares outstanding.
/c/
Based on net asset value for all periods presented, including periods prior
to open-end status conversion.
<PAGE>
INVESTING WITH T. ROWE PRICE
ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS AND TRANSACTION INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------------------
Tax Identification Number
We must have your correct Social Security or corporate tax identification number
on a signed New Account Form or W-9 Form. Otherwise, federal law requires the
funds to withhold a percentage (currently 31%) of your dividends, capital gain
distributions, and redemptions, and may subject you to an IRS fine. If this
information is not received within 60 days after your account is established,
your account may be redeemed, priced at the NAV on the date of redemption.
Always verify your transactions by carefully reviewing the confirmation we send
you. Please report any discrepancies to Shareholder Services promptly.
Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans and Institutional Accounts T. Rowe Price
Trust Company 1-800-492-7670
Transaction procedures in the following sections may not apply to
employer-sponsored retirement plans and institutional accounts. For procedures
regarding employer-sponsored retirement plans, please call T. Rowe Price Trust
Company or consult your plan administrator. For institutional account
procedures, please call your designated account manager or service
representative.
OPENING A NEW ACCOUNT
----------------------------------------------------------
$2,500 minimum initial investment; $1,000 for retirement plans or gifts or
transfers to minors (UGMA/UTMA) accounts
Account Registration
If you own other T. Rowe Price funds, be sure to register any new account just
like your existing accounts so you can exchange among them easily. (The name and
account type would have to be identical.)
By Mail
Please make your check payable to T. Rowe Price Funds (otherwise it will be
returned) and send your check, together with the New Account Form, to the
appropriate address in the next paragraph. We do not accept third-party checks
to open new accounts, except for IRA Roll-
<PAGE>
T. ROWE PRICE
over checks that are properly endorsed. In addition, the fund does not accept
purchases made by credit card check.
Mail via U.S. Postal Service
T. Rowe Price Account Services P.O. Box 17300 Baltimore, MD 21297-1300
Mail via private carriers/overnight services
T. Rowe Price Account Services Mailcode 17300 4515 Painters Mill Road Owings
Mills, MD 21117-4903
By Wire
Call Investor Services for an account number and give the following wire
information to your bank:
Receiving Bank: PNC Bank, N.A. (Pittsburgh) Receiving Bank ABA#: 043000096
Beneficiary: T. Rowe Price [fund name] Beneficiary Account: 1004397951
Originator to Beneficiary Information (OBI): name of owner(s) and account
number
Complete a New Account Form and mail it to one of the appropriate addresses
listed previously.
Note: No services will be established and IRS penalty withholding may occur
until we receive a signed New Account Form. Also, retirement plan accounts and
IRAs cannot be opened by wire.
By Exchange
Call Shareholder Services or use Tele*Access or your personal computer (see
Automated Services under Information About Your Services). The new account will
have the same registration as the account from which you are exchanging.
Services for the new account may be carried over by telephone request if
preauthorized on the existing account. For limitations on exchanging, see
explanation of Excessive Trading under Transaction Procedures and Special
Requirements.
In Person
Drop off your New Account Form at any location listed on the back cover and
obtain a receipt.
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND
PURCHASING ADDITIONAL SHARES
----------------------------------------------------------
$100 minimum purchase; $50 minimum for retirement plans, Automatic Asset
Builder, and gifts or transfers to minors (UGMA/UTMA) accounts
By ACH Transfer
Use Tele*Access or your personal computer or call Investor Services if you have
established electronic transfers using the ACH network.
By Wire
Call Shareholder Services or use the wire address listed in Opening a New
Account.
By Mail
1. Make your check payable to T. Rowe Price Funds (otherwise it may be
returned).
2. Mail the check to us at the following address with either a fund
reinvestment slip or a note indicating the fund you want to buy and your fund
account number.
3. Remember to provide your account number and the fund name on the memo line
of your check.
Mail via U.S. Postal Service
T. Rowe Price Funds Account Services P.O. Box 17300 Baltimore, MD 21297-1300
/(For //mail via private carriers and overnight services//, see previous /
/section.)/
By Automatic Asset Builder
Fill out the Automatic Asset Builder section on the New Account or Shareholder
Services Form.
EXCHANGING AND REDEEMING SHARES
----------------------------------------------------------
Exchange Service
You can move money from one account to an existing identically registered
account or open a new identically registered account. Remember, exchanges are
purchases and sales for tax purposes. (Exchanges into a state tax-free fund are
limited to investors living in states where the fund is registered.)
<PAGE>
T. ROWE PRICE
Redemptions
Redemption proceeds can be mailed to your account address, sent by ACH transfer
to your bank, or wired to your bank (provided your bank information is already
on file). For charges, see Electronic Transfers - By Wire under Information
About Your Services.
Some of the T. Rowe Price funds may impose a redemption fee of 0.5% to 2% on
shares held for less than six months, one year, or two years, as specified in
the prospectus. The fee is paid to the fund.
By Phone
Call Shareholder Services
If you find our phones busy during unusually volatile markets, please consider
placing your order by your personal computer or Tele*Access (if you have
previously authorized these services), mailgram, or express mail. For exchange
policies, please see Transaction Procedures and Special Requirements - Excessive
Trading.
By Mail
For each account involved, provide the account name, number, fund name, and
exchange or redemption amount. For exchanges, be sure to specify any fund you
are exchanging out of and the fund or funds you are exchanging into. T. Rowe
Price requires the signatures of all owners exactly as registered, and possibly
a signature guarantee (see Transaction Procedures and Special Requirements -
Signature Guarantees). Please use the appropriate address below:
For nonretirement and IRA accounts:
via U.S. Postal Service
T. Rowe Price Account Services P.O. Box 17302 Baltimore, MD 21297-1302
via private carriers/overnight services
T. Rowe Price Account Services Mailcode 17302 4515 Painters Mill Road Owings
Mills, MD 21117-4903
For employer-sponsored retirement accounts:
via U.S. Postal Service
T. Rowe Price Trust Company P.O. Box 17479 Baltimore, MD 21297-1479
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND
via private carriers/overnight services
T. Rowe Price Trust Company Mailcode 17479 4515 Painters Mill Road Owings Mills,
MD 21117-4903
Requests for redemptions from employer-sponsored retirement accounts must be in
writing; please call T. Rowe Price Trust Company or your plan administrator for
instructions. IRA distributions may be requested in writing or by telephone;
please call Shareholder Services to obtain an IRA Distribution Form or an IRA
Shareholder Services Form to authorize the telephone redemption service.
RIGHTS RESERVED BY THE FUND
----------------------------------------------------------
The fund and its agents reserve the following rights: (1) to waive or lower
investment minimums; (2) to accept initial purchases by telephone or mailgram;
(3) to refuse any purchase or exchange order; (4) to cancel or rescind any
purchase or exchange order (including, but not limited to, orders deemed to
result in excessive trading, market timing, fraud, or 5% ownership) upon notice
to the shareholder within five business days of the trade or if the written
confirmation has not been received by the shareholder, whichever is sooner; (5)
to freeze any account and suspend account services when notice has been received
of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners or there is
reason to believe a fraudulent transaction may occur; (6) to otherwise modify
the conditions of purchase and any services at any time; and (7) to act on
instructions believed to be genuine. These actions will be taken when, in the
sole discretion of management, they are deemed to be in the best interest of the
fund.
In an effort to protect the fund from the possible adverse effects of a
substantial redemption in a large account, as a matter of general policy, no
shareholder or group of shareholders controlled by the same person or group of
persons will knowingly be permitted to
<PAGE>
T. ROWE PRICE
purchase in excess of 5% of the outstanding shares of the fund, except upon
approval of the fund's management.
INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR SERVICES
----------------------------------------------------------
Shareholder Services 1-800-225-5132 Investor Services 1-800-638-5660
Many services are available to you as a T. Rowe Price shareholder; some you
receive automatically, and others you must authorize or request on the New
Account Form. By signing up for services on the New Account Form rather than
later on, you avoid having to complete a separate form and obtain a signature
guarantee. This section discusses some of the services currently offered. Our
Services Guide, which we mail to all new shareholders, contains detailed
descriptions of these and other services.
Note: Corporate and other institutional accounts require an original or
certified resolution to establish services and to redeem by mail. For more
information, call Investor Services.
Retirement Plans
We offer a wide range of plans for individuals, institutions, and large and
small businesses: Traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, SEP-IRAs, Keoghs
(profit sharing, money purchase pension), 401(k)s, and 403(b)(7)s. For
information on IRAs, call Investor Services. For information on all other
retirement plans or our no-load variable annuity, please call our Trust Company
at 1-800-492-7670.
Automated Services Tele*Access 1-800-638-2587 24 hours, 7 days
Tele*Access
24-hour service via a toll-free number enables you to (1) access information on
fund performance, prices, distributions, account balances, and your latest
transaction; (2) request checks, prospectuses, services forms, duplicate
statements, and tax forms; and (3) initiate purchase, redemption, and exchange
transactions in your accounts (see Electronic Transfers in this section).
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND
Web Address www.troweprice.com
After authorizing this service, account transactions may also be conducted
through our Web site on the Internet. If you subscribe to America Online/(R)/,
you can access our Web site via keyword "T. Rowe Price" and conduct transactions
in your account.
Plan Account Line 1-800-401-3279
Plan Account Line
This 24-hour service is similar to Tele*Access but is designed specifically to
meet the needs of retirement plan investors.
Telephone and Walk-In Services
Buy, sell, or exchange shares by calling one of our service representatives or
by visiting one of our investor center locations whose addresses are listed on
the back cover.
Electronic Transfers
By ACH
With no charges to pay, you can initiate a purchase or redemption for as little
as $100 or as much as $100,000 between your bank account and fund account using
the ACH network. Enter instructions via Tele*Access or your personal computer,
or call Shareholder Services.
By Wire
Electronic transfers can be conducted via bank wire. There is currently a $5 fee
for wire redemptions under $5,000, and your bank may charge for incoming or
outgoing wire transfers regardless of size.
Checkwriting
(Not available for equity funds, or the High Yield or Emerging Markets Bond
Funds) You may write an unlimited number of free checks on any money market
fund, and most bond funds, with a minimum of $500 per check. Keep in mind,
however, that a check results in a redemption; a check written on a bond fund
will create a taxable event which you and we must report to the IRS.
Automatic Investing
($50 minimum) You can invest automatically in several different ways, including:
Automatic Asset Builder
You can instruct us to move $50 or more from your bank account, or you can
instruct your employer to send all or a portion of your paycheck to the fund or
funds you designate.
<PAGE>
T. ROWE PRICE
Automatic Exchange
You can set up systematic investments from one fund account into another, such
as from a money fund into a stock fund.
T. ROWE PRICE BROKERAGE
----------------------------------------------------------
To Open an Account 1-800-638-5660 For Existing Brokerage Customers
1-800-225-7720
Investments available through our brokerage service include stocks, options,
bonds, and others at commission savings over full-service brokers*. We also
provide a wide range of services, including:
Automated Telephone and Computer Services
You can enter stock and option orders, access quotes, and review account
information around the clock by phone with Tele-Trader or via the Internet with
Internet-Trader. Any trades entered through Tele-Trader save you an additional
10% on commissions. For stock trades entered through Internet-Trader, you will
pay a commission of $24.95 for up to 1,000 shares plus $.02 for each share over
1,000. Option trades entered through Internet-Trader save you 10% over our
standard commission schedule. All trades are subject to a $35 minimum commission
except stock trades placed through Internet-Trader.
Investor Information
A variety of informative reports, such as our Brokerage Insights series and S&P
Market Month newsletter, as well as access to on-line research tools can help
you better evaluate economic trends and investment opportunities.
Dividend Reinvestment Service
If you elect to participate in this service, the cash dividends from the
eligible securities held in your account will automatically be reinvested in
additional shares of the same securities free of charge. Dividend payments must
be $10.00 or greater to qualify for reinvestment. Most securities listed on
national securities exchanges or on Nasdaq are eligible for this service.
/*Services //v//ary //b//y //f//irm./
/T. Rowe Price// Brokerage is a division of //T. Rowe Price// Investment /
/Services, Inc., Member NASD/SIPC./
<PAGE>
ABOUT THE FUND
INVESTMENT INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------------------
To help shareholders monitor their investments and make decisions that
accurately reflect their financial goals, T. Rowe Price offers a wide variety of
information in addition to account statements. Most of this information is also
available on our Web site at www.troweprice.com.
Shareholder Reports
Fund managers' reviews of their strategies and performance. If several members
of a household own the same fund, only one fund report is mailed to that
address. To receive additional copies, please call Shareholder Services or write
to us at P.O. Box 17630, Baltimore, Maryland 21297-1630.
The T. Rowe Price Report
A quarterly investment newsletter discussing markets and financial strategies.
Performance Update
A quarterly review of all T. Rowe Price fund results.
Insights
Educational reports on investment strategies and financial markets.
Investment Guides
Asset Mix Worksheet, College Planning Kit, Diversifying Overseas: A T. Rowe
Price Guide to International Investing, Managing Your Retirement Distribution,
Personal Strategy Planner, Retirees Financial Guide, Retirement Planning Kit,
and Tax Considerations for Investors.
<PAGE>
To help you achieve your financial goals, T. Rowe Price offers a wide range of
stock, bond, and money market investments, as well as convenient services and
informative reports.
A fund Statement of Additional Information has been filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Further information about fund investments, including a review of market
conditions and the manager's recent strategies and their impact on performance,
is available in the annual and semiannual shareholder reports. To obtain free
copies of any of these documents, or for shareholder inquiries, call
1-800-638-5660.
Fund information and Statements of Additional Information are also available
from the Public Reference Room of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Infor-
mation on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling
the SEC at 1-202-942-8090. Fund reports and other fund information are available
on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies
of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by
electronic request at [email protected], or by writing the Public Reference
Room, Washington D.C. 20549-0102.
Walk-in
Investor Centers
For directions, call 1-800-225-5132 or visit our Web site
Baltimore Area
Downtown
101 East Lombard Street
Owings Mills
Three Financial Center 4515 Painters Mill Road
Boston Area
386 Washington Street Wellesley
Colorado Springs
4410 ArrowsWest Drive
Los Angeles Area
Warner Center 21800 Oxnard Street Suite 270 Woodland Hills
Tampa
4200 West Cypress St. 10th Floor
Washington, D.C.
900 17th Street, N.W. Farragut Square
For Mutual Fund or T. Rowe Price Brokerage Information
Investor Services
1-800-638-5660
For Existing Accounts
Shareholder Services
1-800-225-5132
For Yields, Prices, Account Information, or to Conduct Transactions
Tele*Access/(R)/
24 hours, 7 days 1-800-638-2587
Internet Address
www.troweprice.com
Plan Account Line
For retirement plan investors: The appropriate 800 number appears on your
retirement account statement.
(LOGO)
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. 100 East Pratt Street Baltimore, MD 21202
F21-040 5/1/00
1940 Act File No. 811-07075
<PAGE>
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The date of this Statement of Additional Information is May 1, 2000.
T. ROWE PRICE BALANCED FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE BLUE CHIP GROWTH FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Fund-Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND
T. ROWE PRICE CAPITAL OPPORTUNITY FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE DIVERSIFIED SMALL-CAP GROWTH FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE DIVIDEND GROWTH FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE EQUITY INCOME FUND
T. Rowe Price Equity Income Fund-Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE FINANCIAL SERVICES FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE GROWTH & INCOME FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE GROWTH STOCK FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE HEALTH SCIENCES FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE INDEX TRUST, INC.
T. Rowe Price Equity Index 500 Fund
T. Rowe Price Extended Equity Market Index Fund
T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund
T. ROWE PRICE MEDIA & TELECOMMUNICATIONS FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE MID-CAP GROWTH FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Fund-Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE MID-CAP VALUE FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE NEW AMERICA GROWTH FUND
T. ROWE PRICE NEW ERA FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE NEW HORIZONS FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE REAL ESTATE FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Science & Technology Fund-Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE SMALL-CAP STOCK FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Stock Fund-Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE SMALL-CAP VALUE FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Value Fund-Advisor Class
T. ROWE PRICE VALUE FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price Value Fund-Advisor Class
and
INSTITUTIONAL EQUITY FUNDS, INC.
Institutional Large-Cap Value Fund
Institutional Small-Cap Stock Fund
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth Fund
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Mailing Address: T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc. 100 East Pratt
Street Baltimore, Maryland 21202 1-800-638-5660
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus but should be
read in conjunction with the appropriate fund prospectus dated May 1, 2000,
which may be obtained from T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc.
("Investment Services").
C20-043 5/1/00
<PAGE>
Each fund's financial statements for the year ended December 31, 1999, and
the report of independent accountants are included in each fund's Annual
Report and incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional
Information.
If you would like a prospectus or an annual or semiannual shareholder report
for a fund of which you are not a shareholder, please call 1-800-638-5660. A
prospectus with more complete information, including management fees and
expenses, will be sent to you. Please read it carefully.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page Page
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<S> <C> <C> <S> <C>
Capital Stock 69 Legal Counsel 71
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Code of Ethics 57 Management of the Funds 29
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Custodian 56 Net Asset Value Per Share 63
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Distributor for the Funds 55 Organization of the Funds 70
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Dividends and Distributions 64 Portfolio Management Practices 15
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Federal Registration of 70 Portfolio Transactions 57
Shares
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Independent Accountants 71 Pricing of Securities 63
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Investment Management 49 Principal Holders of 48
Services Securities
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Investment Objectives and 2 Ratings of Corporate Debt 74
Policies Securities
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Investment Performance 65 Risk Factors 3
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Investment Program 6 Services by Outside Parties 54
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Investment Restrictions 27 Tax Status 64
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</TABLE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
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The following information supplements the discussion of each fund's
investment objectives and policies discussed in each fund's prospectus.
The funds will not make a material change in their investment objectives
without obtaining shareholder approval. Unless otherwise specified, the
investment programs and restrictions of the funds are not fundamental
policies. Each fund's operating policies are subject to change by each Board
of Directors/Trustees without shareholder approval. However, shareholders
will be notified of a material change in an operating policy. Each fund's
fundamental policies may not be changed without the approval of at least a
majority of the outstanding shares of the fund or, if it is less, 67% of the
shares represented at a meeting of shareholders at which the holders of 50%
or more of the shares are represented. References to the following are as
indicated:
Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940 Act")
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC")
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. ("T. Rowe Price")
Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's")
Standard & Poor's Corporation ("S&P")
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 ("Code")
Rowe Price-Fleming International, Inc. ("Price-Fleming")
Throughout this Statement of Additional Information, "the fund" is intended
to refer to each fund listed on the cover page, unless otherwise indicated.
<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
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Reference is also made to the sections entitled "Types of Securities" and
"Portfolio Management Practices" for discussions of the risks associated with
the investments and practices described therein as they apply to the fund.
Because of its investment policy, the fund may or may not be suitable or
appropriate for all investors. The fund is not a money market fund and is not
an appropriate investment for those whose primary objective is principal
stability. The fund will normally have substantially all (for the Balanced
Fund 50-70% and for the Capital Appreciation Fund at least 50%) of its assets
in equity securities (e.g., common stocks). This portion of the fund's assets
will be subject to all of the risks of investing in the stock market. There
is risk in every investment. The value of the portfolio securities of the
fund will fluctuate based upon market conditions. Although the fund seeks to
reduce risk by investing in a diversified portfolio, such diversification
does not eliminate all risk. There can, of course, be no assurance that the
fund will achieve its investment objective.
Foreign Securities (All Funds other than Equity Index 500, Extended Equity
Market, and Total Equity Market Funds)
The fund may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated and non-U.S.
dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers.
Risk Factors of Foreign Investing There are special risks in foreign
investing. Certain of these risks are inherent in any mutual fund while
others relate more to the countries in which the fund will invest.
. Political and Economic Factors Individual foreign economies of some
countries differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position.
The internal politics of some foreign countries are not as stable as in the
United States. For example, in 1991, the existing government in Thailand was
overthrown in a military coup. In 1994-1995, the Mexican peso plunged in
value setting off a severe crisis in the Mexican economy. Asia is still
coming to terms with its own crisis and recessionary conditions sparked off
by widespread currency weakness in late 1997. In 1998, there was substantial
turmoil in markets throughout the world. In 1999, the democratically elected
government of Pakistan was overthrown by a military coup. The Russian
government also defaulted on all its domestic debt. In addition, significant
external political risks currently affect some foreign countries. Both Taiwan
and China still claim sovereignty of one another and there is a demilitarized
border and hostile relations between North and South Korea.
Governments in certain foreign countries continue to participate to a
significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their
respective economies. Action by these governments could have a significant
effect on market prices of securities and payment of dividends. The economies
of many foreign countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and
are accordingly affected by protective trade barriers and economic conditions
of their trading partners. The enactment by these trading partners of
protectionist trade legislation could have a significant adverse effect upon
the securities markets of such countries.
. Currency Fluctuations The fund invest in securities denominated in various
currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency against
the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar
value of the fund's assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will
also affect the fund's income. Generally, when a given currency appreciates
against the dollar (the dollar weakens) the value of the fund's securities
denominated in that currency will rise. When a given currency depreciates
against the dollar (the dollar strengthens) the value of the fund's
securities denominated in that currency would be expected to decline.
. Investment and Repatriation Restrictions Foreign investment in the
securities markets of certain foreign countries is restricted or controlled
in varying degrees. These restrictions limit at times and preclude investment
in certain of such countries and increase the cost and expenses of the fund.
Investments by foreign investors are subject to a variety of restrictions in
many developing countries. These restrictions may take the form of prior
governmental approval, limits on the amount or type of securities held by
foreigners, and limits on the types of companies in which foreigners may
invest. Additional or different restrictions may be imposed
<PAGE>
at any time by these or other countries in which the fund invest. In
addition, the repatriation of both investment income and capital from several
foreign countries is restricted and controlled under certain regulations,
including in some cases the need for certain government consents. For
example, capital invested in Chile normally cannot be repatriated for one
year. In 1998, the government of Malaysia imposed currency controls which
effectively made it impossible for foreign investors to convert Malaysian
ringgits to foreign currencies.
. Market Characteristics It is contemplated that most foreign securities will
be purchased in over-the-counter markets or on securities exchanges located
in the countries in which the respective principal offices of the issuers of
the various securities are located, if that is the best available market.
Investments in certain markets may be made through American Depository
Receipts ("ADRs") and Global Depository Receipts ("GDRs") traded in the
United States or on foreign exchanges. Foreign securities markets are
generally not as developed or efficient as, and more volatile than, those in
the United States. While growing in volume, they usually have substantially
less volume than U.S. markets and the fund's portfolio securities may be less
liquid and subject to more rapid and erratic price movements than securities
of comparable U.S. companies. Securities may trade at price/earnings
multiples higher than comparable United States securities and such levels may
not be sustainable. Commissions on foreign securities are generally higher
than commissions on United States exchanges, and while there is an increasing
number of overseas securities markets that have adopted a system of
negotiated rates, a number are still subject to an established schedule of
minimum commission rates. There is generally less government supervision and
regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, and listed companies
than in the United States. Moreover, settlement practices for transactions in
foreign markets may differ from those in United States markets. Such
differences include delays beyond periods customary in the United States and
practices, such as delivery of securities prior to receipt of payment, which
increase the likelihood of a "failed settlement." Failed settlements can
result in losses to the fund.
. Investment Funds The fund may invest in investment funds which have been
authorized by the governments of certain countries specifically to permit
foreign investment in securities of companies listed and traded on the stock
exchanges in these respective countries. The fund's investment in these funds
is subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act. If the fund invest in such
investment funds, the fund's shareholders will bear not only their
proportionate share of the expenses of the fund (including operating expenses
and the fees of the investment manager), but also will bear indirectly
similar expenses of the underlying investment funds. In addition, the
securities of these investment funds may trade at a premium over their net
asset value.
. Information and Supervision There is generally less publicly available
information about foreign companies comparable to reports and ratings that
are published about companies in the United States. Foreign companies are
also generally not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial
reporting standards, practices, and requirements comparable to those
applicable to United States companies. It also is often more difficult to
keep currently informed of corporate actions which affect the prices of
portfolio securities.
. Taxes The dividends and interest payable on certain of the fund's foreign
portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus
reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the fund's
shareholders.
. Other With respect to certain foreign countries, especially developing and
emerging ones, there is the possibility of adverse changes in investment or
exchange control regulations, expropriation or confiscatory taxation,
limitations on the removal of funds or other assets of the funds, political
or social instability, or diplomatic developments which could affect
investments by U.S. persons in those countries.
. Eastern Europe and Russia Changes occurring in Eastern Europe and Russia
today could have long-term potential consequences. As restrictions fall, this
could result in rising standards of living, lower manufacturing costs,
growing consumer spending, and substantial economic growth. However,
investment in most countries of Eastern Europe and Russia is highly
speculative at this time. Political and economic reforms are too recent to
establish a definite trend away from centrally planned economies and
state-owned industries. The collapse of the ruble from its crawling peg
exchange rate against the U.S. dollar has set back the path of reform for
several years. In many of the countries of Eastern Europe and Russia, there
is no stock exchange or formal market for securities. Such countries may also
have government exchange controls, currencies with no
<PAGE>
recognizable market value relative to the established currencies of western
market economies, little or no experience in trading in securities, no
financial reporting standards, a lack of a banking and securities
infrastructure to handle such trading, and a legal tradition which does not
recognize rights in private property. In addition, these countries may have
national policies which restrict investments in companies deemed sensitive to
the country's national interest. Further, the governments in such countries
may require governmental or quasi-governmental authorities to act as
custodian of the fund's assets invested in such countries, and these
authorities may not qualify as a foreign custodian under the 1940 Act and
exemptive relief from such Act may be required. All of these considerations
are among the factors which could cause significant risks and uncertainties
to investment in Eastern Europe and Russia. The fund will only invest in a
company located in, or a government of, Eastern Europe and Russia, if it
believes the potential return justifies the risk.
. Latin America
Inflation Most Latin American countries have experienced, at one time or
another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in some cases,
hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates, extreme
measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally
debilitating effect on economic growth. Although inflation in many countries
has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain at lower levels.
Political Instability The political history of certain Latin American
countries has been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by
the military in civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such
developments, if they were to reoccur, could reverse favorable trends toward
market and economic reform, privatization, and removal of trade barriers, and
result in significant disruption in securities markets.
Foreign Currency Certain Latin American countries may experience sudden and
large adjustments in their currency which, in turn, can have a disruptive and
negative effect on foreign investors. For example, in late 1994 the value of
the Mexican peso lost more than one-third of its value relative to the
dollar. In 1999, the Brazilian real lost 30% of its value against the U.S.
dollar. Certain Latin American countries may impose restrictions on the free
conversion of their currency into foreign currencies, including the U.S.
dollar. There is no significant foreign exchange market for many currencies
and it would, as a result, be difficult for the fund to engage in foreign
currency transactions designed to protect the value of the fund's interests
in securities denominated in such currencies.
Sovereign Debt A number of Latin American countries are among the largest
debtors of developing countries. There have been moratoria on, and
reschedulings of, repayment with respect to these debts. Such events can
restrict the flexibility of these debtor nations in the international markets
and result in the imposition of onerous conditions on their economies.
. Japan
The fund's concentration of its investments in Japan means the fund will be
more dependent on the investment considerations discussed above and may be
more volatile than a fund which is broadly diversified geographically. To the
extent any of the other funds also invest in Japan, such investments will be
subject to these same factors. Additional factors relating to Japan include
the following:
Japan has experienced earthquakes and tidal waves of varying degrees of
severity, and the risks of such phenomena, and damage resulting therefrom,
continue to exist. Japan also has one of the world's highest population
densities. A significant percentage of the total population of Japan is
concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya.
Economy The Japanese economy languished for much of the last decade. Lack of
effective governmental action in the areas of tax reform to reduce high tax
rates, banking regulation to address enormous amounts of bad debt, and
economic reforms to attempt to stimulate spending are among the factors cited
as possible causes of Japan's economic problems. The yen has had a history of
unpredictable and volatile movements against the dollar; a weakening yen
hurts U.S. investors holding yen-denominated securities. Finally, the
Japanese stock market has experienced wild swings in value and has often been
considered significantly overvalued.
<PAGE>
Energy Japan has historically depended on oil for most of its energy
requirements. Almost all of its oil is imported, the majority from the Middle
East. In the past, oil prices have had a major impact on the domestic
economy, but more recently Japan has worked to reduce its dependence on oil
by encouraging energy conservation and use of alternative fuels. In addition,
a restructuring of industry, with emphasis shifting from basic industries to
processing and assembly type industries, has contributed to the reduction of
oil consumption. However, there is no guarantee this favorable trend will
continue.
Foreign Trade Overseas trade is important to Japan's economy. Japan has few
natural resources and must export to pay for its imports of these basic
requirements. Because of the concentration of Japanese exports in highly
visible products such as automobiles, machine tools and semiconductors and
the large trade surpluses ensuing therefrom, Japan has had difficult
relations with its trading partners, particularly the U.S. It is possible
that trade sanctions or other protectionist measures could impact Japan
adversely in both the short term and long term.
INVESTMENT PROGRAM
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Types of Securities
Set forth below is additional information about certain of the investments
described in each fund's prospectus.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid Instruments (a type of potentially high-risk derivative) have been
developed and combine the elements of futures contracts or options with those
of debt, preferred equity, or a depository instrument (hereinafter "Hybrid
Instruments"). Generally, a Hybrid Instrument will be a debt security,
preferred stock, depository share, trust certificate, certificate of deposit,
or other evidence of indebtedness on which a portion of or all interest
payments, and/or the principal or stated amount payable at maturity,
redemption, or retirement, is determined by reference to prices, changes in
prices, or differences between prices, of securities, currencies,
intangibles, goods, articles, or commodities (collectively "Underlying
Assets") or by another objective index, economic factor, or other measure,
such as interest rates, currency exchange rates, commodity indices, and
securities indices (collectively "Benchmarks"). Thus, Hybrid Instruments may
take a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, debt instruments with
interest or principal payments or redemption terms determined by reference to
the value of a currency or commodity or securities index at a future point in
time, preferred stock with dividend rates determined by reference to the
value of a currency, or convertible securities with the conversion terms
related to a particular commodity.
Hybrid Instruments can be an efficient means of creating exposure to a
particular market, or segment of a market, with the objective of enhancing
total return. For example, a fund may wish to take advantage of expected
declines in interest rates in several European countries, but avoid the
transaction costs associated with buying and currency-hedging the foreign
bond positions. One solution would be to purchase a U.S. dollar-denominated
Hybrid Instrument whose redemption price is linked to the average three-year
interest rate in a designated group of countries. The redemption price
formula would provide for payoffs of greater than par if the average interest
rate was lower than a specified level, and payoffs of less than par if rates
were above the specified level. Furthermore, the fund could limit the
downside risk of the security by establishing a minimum redemption price so
that the principal paid at maturity could not be below a predetermined
minimum level if interest rates were to rise significantly. The purpose of
this arrangement, known as a structured security with an embedded put option,
would be to give the fund the desired European bond exposure while avoiding
currency risk, limiting downside market risk, and lowering transactions
costs. Of course, there is no guarantee that the strategy will be successful,
and the fund could lose money if, for example, interest rates do not move as
anticipated or credit problems develop with the issuer of the Hybrid
Instruments.
The risks of investing in Hybrid Instruments reflect a combination of the
risks of investing in securities, options, futures, and currencies. Thus, an
investment in a Hybrid Instrument may entail significant risks that
<PAGE>
are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional debt instrument
that has a fixed principal amount, is denominated in U.S. dollars, or bears
interest either at a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to
a common, nationally published benchmark. The risks of a particular Hybrid
Instrument will, of course, depend upon the terms of the instrument, but may
include, without limitation, the possibility of significant changes in the
Benchmarks or the prices of Underlying Assets to which the instrument is
linked. Such risks generally depend upon factors which are unrelated to the
operations or credit quality of the issuer of the Hybrid Instrument and which
may not be readily foreseen by the purchaser, such as economic and political
events, the supply and demand for the Underlying Assets, and interest rate
movements. In recent years, various Benchmarks and prices for Underlying
Assets have been highly volatile, and such volatility may be expected in the
future. Reference is also made to the discussion of futures, options, and
forward contracts herein for a discussion of the risks associated with such
investments.
Hybrid Instruments are potentially more volatile and carry greater market
risks than traditional debt instruments. Depending on the structure of the
particular Hybrid Instrument, changes in a Benchmark may be magnified by the
terms of the Hybrid Instrument and have an even more dramatic and substantial
effect upon the value of the Hybrid Instrument. Also, the prices of the
Hybrid Instrument and the Benchmark or Underlying Asset may not move in the
same direction or at the same time.
Hybrid Instruments may bear interest or pay preferred dividends at below
market (or even relatively nominal) rates. Alternatively, Hybrid Instruments
may bear interest at above market rates but bear an increased risk of
principal loss (or gain). The latter scenario may result if "leverage" is
used to structure the Hybrid Instrument. Leverage risk occurs when the Hybrid
Instrument is structured so that a given change in a Benchmark or Underlying
Asset is multiplied to produce a greater value change in the Hybrid
Instrument, thereby magnifying the risk of loss as well as the potential for
gain.
Hybrid Instruments may also carry liquidity risk since the instruments are
often "customized" to meet the portfolio needs of a particular investor, and
therefore, the number of investors that are willing and able to buy such
instruments in the secondary market may be smaller than that for more
traditional debt securities. In addition, because the purchase and sale of
Hybrid Instruments could take place in an over-the-counter market without the
guarantee of a central clearing organization or in a transaction between the
fund and the issuer of the Hybrid Instrument, the creditworthiness of the
counterparty or issuer of the Hybrid Instrument would be an additional risk
factor which the fund would have to consider and monitor. Hybrid Instruments
also may not be subject to regulation of the Commodities Futures Trading
Commission ("CFTC"), which generally regulates the trading of commodity
futures by U.S. persons, the SEC, which regulates the offer and sale of
securities by and to U.S. persons, or any other governmental regulatory
authority.
The various risks discussed above, particularly the market risk of such
instruments, may in turn cause significant fluctuations in the net asset
value of the fund. Accordingly, the fund will limit its investments in Hybrid
Instruments to 10% of total assets. However, because of their volatility, it
is possible that the fund's investment in Hybrid Instruments will account for
more than 10% of the fund's return (positive or negative).
Illiquid or Restricted Securities
Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions
or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in
effect under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act"). Where registration
is required, the fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration
expenses, and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the
decision to sell and the time the fund may be permitted to sell a security
under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse
market conditions were to develop, the fund might obtain a less favorable
price than prevailed when it decided to sell. Restricted securities will be
priced at fair value as determined in accordance with procedures prescribed
by the fund's Board of Directors/Trustees. If, through the appreciation of
illiquid securities or the depreciation of liquid securities, the fund should
be in a position where more than 15% of the value of its net assets is
invested in illiquid assets, including restricted securities, the fund will
take appropriate steps to protect liquidity.
<PAGE>
Notwithstanding the above, the fund may purchase securities which, while
privately placed, are eligible for purchase and sale under Rule 144A under
the 1933 Act. This rule permits certain qualified institutional buyers, such
as the fund, to trade in privately placed securities even though such
securities are not registered under the 1933 Act. T. Rowe Price, under the
supervision of the fund's Board of Directors/Trustees, will consider whether
securities purchased under Rule 144A are illiquid and thus subject to the
fund's restriction of investing no more than 15% of its net assets in
illiquid securities. A determination of whether a Rule 144A security is
liquid or not is a question of fact. In making this determination, T. Rowe
Price will consider the trading markets for the specific security taking into
account the unregistered nature of a Rule 144A security. In addition, T. Rowe
Price could consider the following: (1) frequency of trades and quotes; (2)
number of dealers and potential purchases; (3) dealer undertakings to make a
market; and (4) the nature of the security and of marketplace trades (e.g.,
the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers,
and the mechanics of transfer). The liquidity of Rule 144A securities would
be monitored and, if as a result of changed conditions it is determined that
a Rule 144A security is no longer liquid, the fund's holdings of illiquid
securities would be reviewed to determine what, if any, steps are required to
assure that the fund does not invest more than 15% of its net assets in
illiquid securities. Investing in Rule 144A securities could have the effect
of increasing the amount of the fund's assets invested in illiquid securities
if qualified institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.
Warrants
The fund may acquire warrants. Warrants can be highly volatile and have no
voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the
assets of the corporation issuing them. Warrants basically are options to
purchase securities at a specific price valid for a specific period of time.
They do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy
them. Warrants differ from call options in that warrants are issued by the
issuer of the security which may be purchased on their exercise, whereas call
options may be written or issued by anyone. The prices of warrants do not
necessarily move parallel to the prices of the underlying securities.
Debt Securities
Balanced, Blue Chip Growth, Capital Appreciation, Capital Opportunity,
Dividend Growth, Equity Income, Financial Services, Growth & Income, Health
Sciences, Institutional Large-Cap Value, Institutional Small-Cap Stock, Media
& Telecommunications, Mid-Cap Value, New Era, Real Estate, Small-Cap Stock,
Small-Cap Value, and Value Funds
Debt Obligations Although a majority of the fund's assets are invested in
common stocks, the fund may invest in convertible securities, corporate and
government debt securities, and preferred stocks which hold the prospect of
contributing to the achievement of the fund's objectives. Yields on short-,
intermediate-, and long-term securities are dependent on a variety of
factors, including the general conditions of the money and bond markets, the
size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the credit
quality and rating of the issuer. Debt securities with longer maturities tend
to have higher yields and are generally subject to potentially greater
capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter
maturities and lower yields. The market prices of debt securities usually
vary, depending upon available yields. An increase in interest rates will
generally reduce the value of portfolio investments, and a decline in
interest rates will generally increase the value of portfolio investments.
The ability of the fund to achieve its investment objective is also dependent
on the continuing ability of the issuers of the debt securities in which the
fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and
principal when due. The fund's investment program permits it to purchase
below investment-grade securities. Since investors generally perceive that
there are greater risks associated with investment in lower-quality
securities, the yields from such securities normally exceed those obtainable
from higher-quality securities. However, the principal value of lower-rated
securities generally will fluctuate more widely than higher-quality
securities. Lower-quality investments entail a higher risk of default-that
is, the nonpayment of interest and principal by the issuer than
higher-quality investments. Such securities are also subject to special
risks, discussed below. Although the fund seeks to reduce risk by portfolio
diversification, credit analysis, and attention to trends in the economy,
industries, and financial markets, such efforts will not eliminate all risk.
There can, of course, be no assurance that the fund will achieve its
investment objective.
<PAGE>
After purchase by the fund, a debt security may cease to be rated or its
rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase by the fund.
Neither event will require a sale of such security by the fund. However, T.
Rowe Price will consider such events in its determination of whether the fund
should continue to hold the security. To the extent that the ratings given by
Moody's or S&P may change as a result of changes in such organizations or
their rating systems, the fund will attempt to use comparable ratings as
standards for investments in accordance with the investment policies
contained in the prospectus.
Special Risks of High-Yield Investing The fund may invest in low-quality
bonds commonly referred to as "junk bonds." Junk bonds are regarded as
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's continuing ability to
meet principal and interest payments. Because investment in low- and
lower-medium-quality bonds involves greater investment risk, to the extent
the fund invests in such bonds, achievement of its investment objective will
be more dependent on T. Rowe Price's credit analysis than would be the case
if the fund were investing in higher-quality bonds. High-yield bonds may be
more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic conditions than
investment-grade bonds. A projection of an economic downturn, or higher
interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in high-yield bond prices
because the advent of such events could lessen the ability of highly
leveraged issuers to make principal and interest payments on their debt
securities. In addition, the secondary trading market for high-yield bonds
may be less liquid than the market for higher-grade bonds, which can
adversely affect the ability of a fund to dispose of its portfolio
securities. Bonds for which there is only a "thin" market can be more
difficult to value inasmuch as objective pricing data may be less available
and judgment may play a greater role in the valuation process.
Fixed income securities in which the fund may invest include, but are not
limited to, those described below.
. U.S. Government Obligations Bills, notes, bonds, and other debt securities
issued by the U.S. Treasury. These are direct obligations of the U.S.
government and differ mainly in the length of their maturities.
. U.S. Government Agency Securities Issued or guaranteed by U.S.
government-sponsored enterprises and federal agencies. These include
securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association, Government
National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Land Banks,
Farmers Home Administration, Banks for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate
Credit Banks, Federal Financing Bank, Farm Credit Banks, the Small Business
Association, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Some of these securities are
supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; the remainder
are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality, which may or may not
include the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury.
. Bank Obligations Certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, and other
short-term debt obligations. Certificates of deposit are short-term
obligations of commercial banks. A bankers' acceptance is a time draft drawn
on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with international
commercial transactions. Certificates of deposit may have fixed or variable
rates. The fund may invest in U.S. banks, foreign branches of U.S. banks,
U.S. branches of foreign banks, and foreign branches of foreign banks.
. Short-Term Corporate Debt Securities Outstanding nonconvertible corporate
debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) which have one year or less
remaining to maturity. Corporate notes may have fixed, variable, or floating
rates.
. Commercial Paper and Commercial Notes Short-term promissory notes issued by
corporations primarily to finance short-term credit needs. Certain notes may
have floating or variable rates and may contain options, exercisable by
either the buyer or the seller, that extend or shorten the maturity of the
note.
. Foreign Government Securities Issued or guaranteed by a foreign government,
province, instrumentality, political subdivision, or similar unit thereof.
. Savings and Loan Obligations Negotiable certificates of deposit and other
short-term debt obligations of savings and loan associations.
. Supranational Agencies Securities of certain supranational entities, such as
the International Development Bank.
<PAGE>
When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitment Contracts
The price of such securities, which may be expressed in yield terms, is fixed
at the time the commitment to purchase is made, but delivery and payment take
place at a later date. Normally, the settlement date occurs within 90 days of
the purchase for When-Issueds, but may be substantially longer for Forwards.
During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the
fund to the issuer and no interest accrues to the fund. The purchase of these
securities will result in a loss if their value declines prior to the
settlement date. This could occur, for example, if interest rates increase
prior to settlement. The longer the period between purchase and settlement,
the greater the risks are. At the time the fund makes the commitment to
purchase these securities, it will record the transaction and reflect the
value of the security in determining its net asset value. The fund will cover
these securities by maintaining cash, liquid, high-grade debt securities, or
other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC with its custodian bank equal in
value to commitments for them during the time between the purchase and the
settlement. Therefore, the longer this period, the longer the period during
which alternative investment options are not available to the fund (to the
extent of the securities used for cover). Such securities either will mature
or, if necessary, be sold on or before the settlement date.
To the extent the fund remains fully or almost fully invested (in securities
with a remaining maturity of more than one year) at the same time it
purchases these securities, there will be greater fluctuations in the fund's
net asset value than if the fund did not purchase them.
Mortgage-Related Securities
Balanced Fund
Mortgage-related securities in which the fund may invest include, but are not
limited to, those described below.
. Mortgage-Backed Securities Mortgage-backed securities are securities
representing an interest in a pool of mortgages. The mortgages may be of a
variety of types, including adjustable rate, conventional 30-year fixed rate,
graduated payment, and 15-year. Principal and interest payments made on the
mortgages in the underlying mortgage pool are passed through to the fund.
This is in contrast to traditional bonds where principal is normally paid
back at maturity in a lump sum. Unscheduled prepayments of principal shorten
the securities' weighted average life and may lower their total return. (When
a mortgage in the underlying mortgage pool is prepaid, an unscheduled
principal prepayment is passed through to the fund. This principal is
returned to the fund at par. As a result, if a mortgage security were trading
at a premium, its total return would be lowered by prepayments, and if a
mortgage security were trading at a discount, its total return would be
increased by prepayments.) The value of these securities also may change
because of changes in the market's perception of the creditworthiness of the
federal agency that issued them. In addition, the mortgage securities market
in general may be adversely affected by changes in governmental regulation or
tax policies.
. U.S. Government Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities These are obligations
issued or guaranteed by the United States government or one of its agencies
or instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association
("Ginnie Mae" or "GNMA"), the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie
Mae" or "FNMA") the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac" or
"FHLMC"), and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation ("Farmer Mac" or
"FAMC"). FNMA, FHLMC, and FAMC obligations are not backed by the full faith
and credit of the U.S. government as GNMA certificates are, but they are
supported by the instrumentality's right to borrow from the United States
Treasury. U.S. Government Agency Mortgage-Backed Certificates provide for the
pass-through to investors of their pro-rata share of monthly payments
(including any prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled
mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the guarantor of such securities and
the servicer of the underlying mortgage loans. Each of GNMA, FNMA, FHLMC, and
FAMC guarantees timely distributions of interest to certificate holders. GNMA
and FNMA guarantee timely distributions of scheduled principal. FHLMC has in
the past guaranteed only the ultimate collection of principal of the
underlying mortgage loan; however, FHLMC now issues mortgage-backed
securities (FHLMC Gold PCS) which also guarantee timely payment of monthly
principal reductions.
<PAGE>
. Ginnie Mae Certificates Ginnie Mae is a wholly owned corporate
instrumentality of the United States within the Department of Housing and
Urban Development. The National Housing Act of 1934, as amended (the "Housing
Act"), authorizes Ginnie Mae to guarantee the timely payment of the principal
of and interest on certificates that are based on and backed by a pool of
mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration under the
Housing Act, or Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 ("FHA Loans"), or
guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs under the Servicemen's
Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended ("VA Loans"), or by pools of other
eligible mortgage loans. The Housing Act provides that the full faith and
credit of the United States government is pledged to the payment of all
amounts that may be required to be paid under any guaranty. In order to meet
its obligations under such guaranty, Ginnie Mae is authorized to borrow from
the United States Treasury with no limitations as to amount.
. Fannie Mae Certificates Fannie Mae is a federally chartered and privately
owned corporation organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage
Association Charter Act of 1938. FNMA Certificates represent a pro-rata
interest in a group of mortgage loans purchased by Fannie Mae. FNMA
guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on the securities it
issues. The obligations of FNMA are not backed by the full faith and credit
of the U.S. government.
. Freddie Mac Certificates Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the
United States created pursuant to the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, as
amended ("FHLMC Act"). Freddie Mac Certificates represent a pro-rata interest
in a group of mortgage loans ("Freddie Mac Certificates") purchased by
Freddie Mac. Freddie Mac guarantees timely payment of interest and principal
on certain securities it issues and timely payment of interest and eventual
payment of principal on other securities it issues. The obligations of
Freddie Mac are obligations solely of Freddie Mac and are not backed by the
full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
. Farmer Mac Certificates Farmer Mac is a federally chartered instrumentality
of the United States established by Title VIII of the Farm Credit Act of
1971, as amended ("Charter Act"). Farmer Mac was chartered primarily to
attract new capital for financing of agricultural real estate by making a
secondary market in certain qualified agricultural real estate loans. Farmer
Mac provides guarantees of timely payment of principal and interest on
securities representing interests in, or obligations backed by, pools of
mortgages secured by first liens on agricultural real estate ("Farmer Mac
Certificates"). Similar to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Farmer Mac
Certificates are not supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S.
government; rather, Farmer Mac may borrow from the U.S. Treasury to meet its
guaranty obligations.
As discussed above, prepayments on the underlying mortgages and their effect
upon the rate of return of a mortgage-backed security, is the principal
investment risk for a purchaser of such securities, like the fund. Over time,
any pool of mortgages will experience prepayments due to a variety of
factors, including (1) sales of the underlying homes (including
foreclosures), (2) refinancings of the underlying mortgages, and (3)
increased amortization by the mortgagee. These factors, in turn, depend upon
general economic factors, such as level of interest rates and economic
growth. Thus, investors normally expect prepayment rates to increase during
periods of strong economic growth or declining interest rates, and to
decrease in recessions and rising interest rate environments. Accordingly,
the life of the mortgage-backed security is likely to be substantially
shorter than the stated maturity of the mortgages in the underlying pool.
Because of such variation in prepayment rates, it is not possible to predict
the life of a particular mortgage-backed security, but FHA statistics
indicate that 25- to 30-year single family dwelling mortgages have an average
life of approximately 12 years. The majority of Ginnie Mae Certificates are
backed by mortgages of this type, and, accordingly, the generally accepted
practice treats Ginnie Mae Certificates as 30-year securities which prepay in
full in the 12th year. FNMA and Freddie Mac Certificates may have differing
prepayment characteristics.
Fixed rate mortgage-backed securities bear a stated "coupon rate" which
represents the effective mortgage rate at the time of issuance, less certain
fees to GNMA, FNMA, and FHLMC for providing the guarantee, and the issuer for
assembling the pool and for passing through monthly payments of interest and
principal.
Payments to holders of mortgage-backed securities consist of the monthly
distributions of interest and principal less the applicable fees. The actual
yield to be earned by a holder of mortgage-backed securities is
<PAGE>
calculated by dividing interest payments by the purchase price paid for the
mortgage-backed securities (which may be at a premium or a discount from the
face value of the certificate).
Monthly distributions of interest, as contrasted to semiannual distributions
which are common for other fixed interest investments, have the effect of
compounding and thereby raising the effective annual yield earned on
mortgage-backed securities. Because of the variation in the life of the pools
of mortgages which back various mortgage-backed securities, and because it is
impossible to anticipate the rate of interest at which future principal
payments may be reinvested, the actual yield earned from a portfolio of
mortgage-backed securities will differ significantly from the yield estimated
by using an assumption of a certain life for each mortgage-backed security
included in such a portfolio as described above.
. Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs) CMOs are bonds that are
collateralized by whole loan mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities.
The bonds issued in a CMO deal are divided into groups, and each group of
bonds is referred to as a "tranche." Under the traditional CMO structure, the
cash flows generated by the mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities in
the collateral pool are used to first pay interest and then pay principal to
the CMO bondholders. The bonds issued under such CMO structure are retired
sequentially as opposed to the pro-rata return of principal found in
traditional pass-through obligations. Subject to the various provisions of
individual CMO issues, the cash flow generated by the underlying collateral
(to the extent it exceeds the amount required to pay the stated interest) is
used to retire the bonds. Under the CMO structure, the repayment of principal
among the different tranches is prioritized in accordance with the terms of
the particular CMO issuance. The "fastest-pay" tranche of bonds, as specified
in the prospectus for the issuance, would initially receive all principal
payments. When that tranche of bonds is retired, the next tranche, or
tranches, in the sequence, as specified in the prospectus, receive all of the
principal payments until they are retired. The sequential retirement of bond
groups continues until the last tranche, or group of bonds, is retired.
Accordingly, the CMO structure allows the issuer to use cash flows of long
maturity, monthly-pay collateral to formulate securities with short,
intermediate and long final maturities and expected average lives.
In recent years, new types of CMO tranches have evolved. These include
floating rate CMOs, planned amortization classes, accrual bonds and CMO
residuals. These newer structures affect the amount and timing of principal
and interest received by each tranche from the underlying collateral. Under
certain of these new structures, given classes of CMOs have priority over
others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages.
Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which the fund invests, the
investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than
other types of mortgage-related securities.
The primary risk of any mortgage security is the uncertainty of the timing of
cash flows. For CMOs, the primary risk results from the rate of prepayments
on the underlying mortgages serving as collateral and from the structure of
the deal (priority of the individual tranches). An increase or decrease in
prepayment rates (resulting from a decrease or increase in mortgage interest
rates) will affect the yield, average life and price of CMOs. The prices of
certain CMOs, depending on their structure and the rate of prepayments, can
be volatile. Some CMOs may also not be as liquid as other securities.
. U.S. Government Agency Multiclass Pass-Through Securities Unlike CMOs, U.S.
Government Agency Multiclass Pass-Through Securities, which include FNMA
Guaranteed REMIC Pass-Through Certificates and FHLMC Multi-Class Mortgage
Participation Certificates, are ownership interests in a pool of Mortgage
Assets. Unless the context indicates otherwise, all references herein to CMOs
include multiclass pass-through securities.
. Multi-Class Residential Mortgage Securities Such securities represent
interests in pools of mortgage loans to residential home buyers made by
commercial banks, savings and loan associations or other financial
institutions. Unlike GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC securities, the payment of
principal and interest on Multi-Class Residential Mortgage Securities is not
guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies. Accordingly, yields
on Multi-Class Residential Mortgage Securities have been historically higher
than the yields on U.S. government mortgage securities. However, the risk of
loss due to default on such instruments is higher since they are not
guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies. Additionally, pools of
such securities may be divided into senior or subordinated segments. Although
subordinated mortgage securities may have a higher yield than senior mortgage
securities, the risk of loss of principal is greater because losses
<PAGE>
on the underlying mortgage loans must be borne by persons holding
subordinated securities before those holding senior mortgage securities.
. Privately Issued Mortgage-Backed Certificates These are pass-through
certificates issued by non-governmental issuers. Pools of conventional
residential or commercial mortgage loans created by such issuers generally
offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools
because there are no direct or indirect government guarantees of payment.
Timely payment of interest and principal of these pools is, however,
generally supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including
individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance. The insurance and
guarantees are issued by government entities, private insurance or the
mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of
the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a
mortgage-related security meets the fund's quality standards. The fund may
buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if through an
examination of the loan experience and practices of the poolers, the
investment manager determines that the securities meet the fund's quality
standards.
. Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities These instruments are a type of
potentially high-risk derivative. They represent interests in a pool of
mortgages, the cash flow of which has been separated into its interest and
principal components. "IOs" (interest only securities) receive the interest
portion of the cash flow while "POs" (principal only securities) receive the
principal portion. IOs and POs are usually structured as tranches of a CMO.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities may be issued by U.S. government agencies
or by private issuers similar to those described above with respect to CMOs
and privately issued mortgage-backed certificates. As interest rates rise and
fall, the value of IOs tends to move in the same direction as interest rates.
The value of the other mortgage-backed securities described herein, like
other debt instruments, will tend to move in the opposite direction compared
to interest rates. Under the Code, POs may generate taxable income from the
current accrual of original issue discount, without a corresponding
distribution of cash to the fund.
The cash flows and yields on IO and PO classes are extremely sensitive to the
rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying
mortgage assets. In the case of IOs, prepayments affect the amount, but not
the timing, of cash flows provided to the investor. In contrast, prepayments
on the mortgage pool affect the timing, but not the amount, of cash flows
received by investors in POs. For example, a rapid or slow rate of principal
payments may have a material adverse effect on the prices of IOs or POs,
respectively. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than
anticipated prepayments of principal, an investor may fail to fully recoup
its initial investment in an IO class of a stripped mortgage-backed security,
even if the IO class is rated AAA or Aaa or is derived from a full faith and
credit obligation. Conversely, if the underlying mortgage assets experience
slower than anticipated prepayments of principal, the price on a PO class
will be affected more severely than would be the case with a traditional
mortgage-backed security.
The staff of the SEC has advised the fund that it believes the fund should
treat IOs and POs, other than government-issued IOs or POs backed by fixed
rate mortgages, as illiquid securities and, accordingly, limit its
investments in such securities, together with all other illiquid securities,
to 15% of the fund's net assets. Under the staff's position, the
determination of whether a particular government-issued IO or PO backed by
fixed rate mortgages is liquid may be made on a case by case basis under
guidelines and standards established by the fund's Board of
Directors/Trustees. The fund's Board of Directors/Trustees has delegated to
T. Rowe Price the authority to determine the liquidity of these investments
based on the following guidelines: the type of issuer; type of collateral,
including age and prepayment characteristics; rate of interest on coupon
relative to current market rates and the effect of the rate on the potential
for prepayments; complexity of the issue's structure, including the number of
tranches; size of the issue and the number of dealers who make a market in
the IO or PO.
Asset-Backed Securities
The credit quality of most asset-backed securities depends primarily on the
credit quality of the assets underlying such securities, how well the entity
issuing the security is insulated from the credit risk of the originator or
any other affiliated entities and the amount and quality of any credit
support provided to the securities. The rate of principal payment on
asset-backed securities generally depends on the rate of principal payments
received on the underlying assets, which in turn may be affected by a variety
of economic and other
<PAGE>
factors. As a result, the yield on any asset-backed security is difficult to
predict with precision and actual yield to maturity may be more or less than
the anticipated yield to maturity. Asset-backed securities may be classified
as pass-through certificates or collateralized obligations.
Pass-through certificates are asset-backed securities which represent an
undivided fractional ownership interest in an underlying pool of assets.
Pass-through certificates usually provide for payments of principal and
interest received to be passed through to their holders, usually after
deduction for certain costs and expenses incurred in administering the pool.
Because pass-through certificates represent an ownership interest in the
underlying assets, the holders thereof bear directly the risk of any defaults
by the obligors on the underlying assets not covered by any credit support.
Asset-backed securities issued in the form of debt instruments, also known as
collateralized obligations, are generally issued as the debt of a special
purpose entity organized solely for the purpose of owning such assets and
issuing such debt. Such assets are most often trade, credit card or
automobile receivables. The assets collateralizing such asset-backed
securities are pledged to a trustee or custodian for the benefit of the
holders thereof. Such issuers generally hold no assets other than those
underlying the asset-backed securities and any credit support provided. As a
result, although payments on such asset-backed securities are obligations of
the issuers, in the event of defaults on the underlying assets not covered by
any credit support, the issuing entities are unlikely to have sufficient
assets to satisfy their obligations on the related asset-backed securities.
Real Estate and REIT Risk
Primarily Real Estate Fund (but also any other fund investing in REITs)
Investors in the fund may experience many of the same risks involved with
investing in real estate directly. These risks include: declines in real
estate values, risks related to local or general economic conditions,
particularly lack of demand, overbuilding and increased competition,
increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws,
heavy cash flow dependency, possible lack of availability of mortgage funds,
obsolescence, losses due to natural disasters, condemnation of properties,
regulatory limitations on rents and fluctuations in rental income, variations
in market rental rates, and possible environmental liabilities. Real Estate
Investment Trusts ("REITs") may own real estate properties (Equity REITs) and
be subject to these risks directly, or may make or purchase mortgages
(Mortgage REITs) and be subject to these risks indirectly through underlying
construction, development, and long-term mortgage loans that may default or
have payment problems.
Equity REITs can be affected by rising interest rates that may cause
investors to demand a high annual yield from future distributions which, in
turn, could decrease the market prices for the REITs. In addition, rising
interest rates also increase the costs of obtaining financing for real estate
projects. Since many real estate projects are dependent upon receiving
financing, this could cause the value of the Equity REITs in which the fund
invests to decline.
Mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay during
periods of declining interest rates which may diminish the yield on such
REITs. In addition, borrowers may not be able to repay mortgages when due
which could have a negative effect on the fund.
Some REITs have relatively small market capitalizations which could increase
their volatility. REITs tend to be dependent upon specialized management
skills and have limited diversification so they are subject to risks inherent
in operating and financing a limited number of properties. In addition, when
the fund invests in REITs, a shareholder will bear his proportionate share of
fund expenses and, indirectly bear similar expenses of the REITs. REITs
depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions
to shareholders. In addition, both equity and mortgage REITs are subject to
the risks of failing to qualify for tax-free status of income under the Code
or failing to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act.
<PAGE>
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
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Lending of Portfolio Securities
Securities loans are made to broker-dealers, institutional investors, or
other persons, pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans be
continuously secured by collateral at least equal at all times to the value
of the securities lent, marked to market on a daily basis. The collateral
received will consist of cash, U.S. government securities, letters of credit,
or such other collateral as may be permitted under its investment program.
While the securities are being lent, the fund will continue to receive the
equivalent of the interest or dividends paid by the issuer on the securities,
as well as interest on the investment of the collateral or a fee from the
borrower. The fund has a right to call each loan and obtain the securities,
within such period of time which coincides with the normal settlement period
for purchases and sales of such securities in the respective markets. The
fund will not have the right to vote on securities while they are being lent,
but it will call a loan in anticipation of any important vote. The risks in
lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of secured credit,
consist of possible delay in receiving additional collateral or in the
recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral
should the borrower fail financially. Loans will only be made to firms deemed
by T. Rowe Price to be of good standing and will not be made unless, in the
judgment of T. Rowe Price, the consideration to be earned from such loans
would justify the risk.
Interfund Borrowing and Lending
The fund is a party to an exemptive order received from the SEC on December
8, 1998, amended on November 23, 1999, that permits it to borrow money from
and/or lend money to other funds in the T. Rowe Price complex ("Price
Funds"). All loans are set at an interest rate between the rate charged on
overnight repurchase agreements and short-term bank loans. All loans are
subject to numerous conditions designed to ensure fair and equitable
treatment of all participating funds. The program is subject to the oversight
and periodic review of the Boards of Directors of the Price Funds.
Repurchase Agreements
The fund may enter into a repurchase agreement through which an investor
(such as the fund) purchases a security (known as the "underlying security")
from a well-established securities dealer or a bank that is a member of the
Federal Reserve System. Any such dealer or bank will be on T. Rowe Price's
approved list and have a credit rating with respect to its short-term debt of
at least A1 by S&P, P1 by Moody's, or the equivalent rating by T. Rowe Price.
At that time, the bank or securities dealer agrees to repurchase the
underlying security at the same price, plus specified interest. Repurchase
agreements are generally for a short period of time, often less than a week.
Repurchase agreements which do not provide for payment within seven days will
be treated as illiquid securities. The fund will only enter into repurchase
agreements where (1) the underlying securities are of the type (excluding
maturity limitations) which the fund's investment guidelines would allow it
to purchase directly, (2) the market value of the underlying security,
including interest accrued, will be at all times equal to or exceed the value
of the repurchase agreement, and (3) payment for the underlying security is
made only upon physical delivery or evidence of book-entry transfer to the
account of the custodian or a bank acting as agent. In the event of a
bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, the fund
could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and
losses, including: (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying
security during the period while the fund seeks to enforce its rights
thereto; (b) possible subnormal levels of income and lack of access to income
during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Although the fund has no current intention of engaging in reverse repurchase
agreements, the fund reserves the right to do so. Reverse repurchase
agreements are ordinary repurchase agreements in which a fund is the seller
of, rather than the investor in, securities, and agrees to repurchase them at
an agreed upon time and price. Use of a reverse repurchase agreement may be
preferable to a regular sale and later repurchase of the securities because
it avoids certain market risks and transaction costs. A reverse repurchase
agreement may be viewed as a type of borrowing by the fund, subject to
Investment Restriction (1). (See "Investment Restrictions.")
<PAGE>
Money Market Reserves
It is expected that the fund will invest its cash reserves primarily in one
or more money market funds established for the exclusive use of the T. Rowe
Price family of mutual funds and other clients of T. Rowe Price and
Price-Fleming. Currently, two such money market funds are in
operation-Reserve Investment Fund ("RIF") and Government Reserve Investment
Fund ("GRF"), each a series of the Reserve Investment Funds, Inc. Additional
series may be created in the future. These funds were created and operate
under an Exemptive Order issued by the SEC (Investment Company Act Release
No. IC-22770, July 29, 1997).
Both funds must comply with the requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act
governing money market funds. The RIF invests at least 95% of its total
assets in prime money market instruments receiving the highest credit rating.
The GRF invests primarily in a portfolio of U.S. government-backed
securities, primarily U.S. Treasuries, and repurchase agreements thereon.
The RIF and GRF provide a very efficient means of managing the cash reserves
of the fund. While neither RIF or GRF pay an advisory fee to the Investment
Manager, they will incur other expenses. However, the RIF and GRF are
expected by T. Rowe Price to operate at very low expense ratios. The fund
will only invest in RIF or GRF to the extent it is consistent with its
objective and program.
Neither fund is insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, and there is no
assurance they will maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share.
All Funds except Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, and Total
Equity Market Index Funds
Options
Options are a type of potentially high-risk derivative.
Writing Covered Call Options
The fund may write (sell) American or European style "covered" call options
and purchase options to close out options previously written by the fund. In
writing covered call options, the fund expects to generate additional premium
income which should serve to enhance the fund's total return and reduce the
effect of any price decline of the security or currency involved in the
option. Covered call options will generally be written on securities or
currencies which, in T. Rowe Price's opinion, are not expected to have any
major price increases or moves in the near future but which, over the long
term, are deemed to be attractive investments for the fund.
A call option gives the holder (buyer) the "right to purchase," and the
writer (seller) has the "obligation to sell," a security or currency at a
specified price (the exercise price) at expiration of the option (European
style) or at any time until a certain date (the expiration date) (American
style). So long as the obligation of the writer of a call option continues,
he may be assigned an exercise notice by the broker-dealer through whom such
option was sold, requiring him to deliver the underlying security or currency
against payment of the exercise price. This obligation terminates upon the
expiration of the call option, or such earlier time at which the writer
effects a closing purchase transaction by repurchasing an option identical to
that previously sold. To secure his obligation to deliver the underlying
security or currency in the case of a call option, a writer is required to
deposit in escrow the underlying security or currency or other assets in
accordance with the rules of a clearing corporation.
The fund generally will write only covered call options. This means that the
fund will either own the security or currency subject to the option or an
option to purchase the same underlying security or currency, having an
exercise price equal to or less than the exercise price of the "covered"
option. From time to time, the fund will write a call option that is not
covered as indicated above but where the fund will establish and maintain
with its custodian for the term of the option, an account consisting of cash,
U.S. government securities, other liquid high-grade debt obligations, or
other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC having a value equal to the
fluctuating market value of the optioned securities or currencies. While such
an option would be "covered" with sufficient collateral to satisfy SEC
prohibitions on issuing senior securities, this type of strategy would expose
the fund to the risks of writing uncovered options.
<PAGE>
Portfolio securities or currencies on which call options may be written will
be purchased solely on the basis of investment considerations consistent with
the fund's investment objective. The writing of covered call options is a
conservative investment technique believed to involve relatively little risk
(in contrast to the writing of naked or uncovered options, which the fund
generally will not do), but capable of enhancing the fund's total return.
When writing a covered call option, a fund, in return for the premium, gives
up the opportunity for profit from a price increase in the underlying
security or currency above the exercise price, but conversely retains the
risk of loss should the price of the security or currency decline. Unlike one
who owns securities or currencies not subject to an option, the fund has no
control over when it may be required to sell the underlying securities or
currencies, since it may be assigned an exercise notice at any time prior to
the expiration of its obligation as a writer. If a call option which the fund
has written expires, the fund will realize a gain in the amount of the
premium; however, such gain may be offset by a decline in the market value of
the underlying security or currency during the option period. If the call
option is exercised, the fund will realize a gain or loss from the sale of
the underlying security or currency. The fund does not consider a security or
currency covered by a call to be "pledged" as that term is used in the fund's
policy which limits the pledging or mortgaging of its assets. If the fund
writes an uncovered option as described above, it will bear the risk of
having to purchase the security subject to the option at a price higher than
the exercise price of the option. As the price of a security could appreciate
substantially, the fund's loss could be significant.
The premium received is the market value of an option. The premium the fund
will receive from writing a call option will reflect, among other things, the
current market price of the underlying security or currency, the relationship
of the exercise price to such market price, the historical price volatility
of the underlying security or currency, and the length of the option period.
Once the decision to write a call option has been made, T. Rowe Price, in
determining whether a particular call option should be written on a
particular security or currency, will consider the reasonableness of the
anticipated premium and the likelihood that a liquid secondary market will
exist for those options. The premium received by the fund for writing covered
call options will be recorded as a liability of the fund. This liability will
be adjusted daily to the option's current market value, which will be the
latest sale price at the time at which the net asset value per share of the
fund is computed (close of the New York Stock Exchange), or, in the absence
of such sale, the latest asked price. The option will be terminated upon
expiration of the option, the purchase of an identical option in a closing
transaction, or delivery of the underlying security or currency upon the
exercise of the option.
Closing transactions will be effected in order to realize a profit on an
outstanding call option, to prevent an underlying security or currency from
being called, or to permit the sale of the underlying security or currency.
Furthermore, effecting a closing transaction will permit the fund to write
another call option on the underlying security or currency with either a
different exercise price or expiration date or both. If the fund desires to
sell a particular security or currency from its portfolio on which it has
written a call option, or purchased a put option, it will seek to effect a
closing transaction prior to, or concurrently with, the sale of the security
or currency. There is, of course, no assurance that the fund will be able to
effect such closing transactions at favorable prices. If the fund cannot
enter into such a transaction, it may be required to hold a security or
currency that it might otherwise have sold. When the fund writes a covered
call option, it runs the risk of not being able to participate in the
appreciation of the underlying securities or currencies above the exercise
price, as well as the risk of being required to hold on to securities or
currencies that are depreciating in value. This could result in higher
transaction costs. The fund will pay transaction costs in connection with the
writing of options to close out previously written options. Such transaction
costs are normally higher than those applicable to purchases and sales of
portfolio securities.
Call options written by the fund will normally have expiration dates of less
than nine months from the date written. The exercise price of the options may
be below, equal to, or above the current market values of the underlying
securities or currencies at the time the options are written. From time to
time, the fund may purchase an underlying security or currency for delivery
in accordance with an exercise notice of a call option assigned to it, rather
than delivering such security or currency from its portfolio. In such cases,
additional costs may be incurred.
The fund will realize a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if
the cost of the transaction is less or more than the premium received from
the writing of the option. Because increases in the market price of a call
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option will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying
security or currency, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option
is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying
security or currency owned by the fund.
The fund will not write a covered call option if, as a result, the aggregate
market value of all portfolio securities or currencies covering written call
or put options exceeds 25% of the market value of the fund's net assets. In
calculating the 25% limit, the fund will offset, against the value of assets
covering written calls and puts, the value of purchased calls and puts on
identical securities or currencies with identical maturity dates.
Writing Covered Put Options
The fund may write American or European style covered put options and
purchase options to close out options previously written by the fund. A put
option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the writer
(seller) has the obligation to buy, the underlying security or currency at
the exercise price during the option period (American style) or at the
expiration of the option (European style). So long as the obligation of the
writer continues, he may be assigned an exercise notice by the broker-dealer
through whom such option was sold, requiring him to make payment to the
exercise price against delivery of the underlying security or currency. The
operation of put options in other respects, including their related risks and
rewards, is substantially identical to that of call options.
The fund would write put options only on a covered basis, which means that
the fund would maintain in a segregated account cash, U.S. government
securities, other liquid high-grade debt obligations, or other suitable cover
as determined by the SEC, in an amount not less than the exercise price or
the fund will own an option to sell the underlying security or currency
subject to the option having an exercise price equal to or greater than the
exercise price of the "covered" option at all times while the put option is
outstanding. (The rules of a clearing corporation currently require that such
assets be deposited in escrow to secure payment of the exercise price.)
The fund would generally write covered put options in circumstances where T.
Rowe Price wishes to purchase the underlying security or currency for the
fund's portfolio at a price lower than the current market price of the
security or currency. In such event the fund would write a put option at an
exercise price which, reduced by the premium received on the option, reflects
the lower price it is willing to pay. Since the fund would also receive
interest on debt securities or currencies maintained to cover the exercise
price of the option, this technique could be used to enhance current return
during periods of market uncertainty. The risk in such a transaction would be
that the market price of the underlying security or currency would decline
below the exercise price less the premiums received. Such a decline could be
substantial and result in a significant loss to the fund. In addition, the
fund, because it does not own the specific securities or currencies which it
may be required to purchase in exercise of the put, cannot benefit from
appreciation, if any, with respect to such specific securities or currencies.
The fund will not write a covered put option if, as a result, the aggregate
market value of all portfolio securities or currencies covering put or call
options exceeds 25% of the market value of the fund's net assets. In
calculating the 25% limit, the fund will offset, against the value of assets
covering written puts and calls, the value of purchased puts and calls on
identical securities or currencies with identical maturity dates.
Purchasing Put Options
The fund may purchase American or European style put options. As the holder
of a put option, the fund has the right to sell the underlying security or
currency at the exercise price at any time during the option period (American
style) or at the expiration of the option (European style). The fund may
enter into closing sale transactions with respect to such options, exercise
them or permit them to expire. The fund may purchase put options for
defensive purposes in order to protect against an anticipated decline in the
value of its securities or currencies. An example of such use of put options
is provided next.
The fund may purchase a put option on an underlying security or currency (a
"protective put") owned by the fund as a defensive technique in order to
protect against an anticipated decline in the value of the security or
currency. Such hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put
option when the fund, as the holder of the put option, is able to sell the
underlying security or currency at the put exercise price regardless
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of any decline in the underlying security's market price or currency's
exchange value. For example, a put option may be purchased in order to
protect unrealized appreciation of a security or currency where T. Rowe Price
deems it desirable to continue to hold the security or currency because of
tax considerations. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction
costs would reduce any capital gain otherwise available for distribution when
the security or currency is eventually sold.
The fund may also purchase put options at a time when the fund does not own
the underlying security or currency. By purchasing put options on a security
or currency it does not own, the fund seeks to benefit from a decline in the
market price of the underlying security or currency. If the put option is not
sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying
security or currency remains equal to or greater than the exercise price
during the life of the put option, the fund will lose its entire investment
in the put option. In order for the purchase of a put option to be
profitable, the market price of the underlying security or currency must
decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and
transaction costs, unless the put option is sold in a closing sale
transaction.
The fund will not commit more than 5% of its assets to premiums when
purchasing put and call options. The premium paid by the fund when purchasing
a put option will be recorded as an asset of the fund. This asset will be
adjusted daily to the option's current market value, which will be the latest
sale price at the time at which the net asset value per share of the fund is
computed (close of New York Stock Exchange), or, in the absence of such sale,
the latest bid price. This asset will be terminated upon expiration of the
option, the selling (writing) of an identical option in a closing
transaction, or the delivery of the underlying security or currency upon the
exercise of the option.
Purchasing Call Options
The fund may purchase American or European style call options. As the holder
of a call option, the fund has the right to purchase the underlying security
or currency at the exercise price at any time during the option period
(American style) or at the expiration of the option (European style). The
fund may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to such options,
exercise them or permit them to expire. The fund may purchase call options
for the purpose of increasing its current return or avoiding tax consequences
which could reduce its current return. The fund may also purchase call
options in order to acquire the underlying securities or currencies. Examples
of such uses of call options are provided next.
Call options may be purchased by the fund for the purpose of acquiring the
underlying securities or currencies for its portfolio. Utilized in this
fashion, the purchase of call options enables the fund to acquire the
securities or currencies at the exercise price of the call option plus the
premium paid. At times the net cost of acquiring securities or currencies in
this manner may be less than the cost of acquiring the securities or
currencies directly. This technique may also be useful to the fund in
purchasing a large block of securities or currencies that would be more
difficult to acquire by direct market purchases. So long as it holds such a
call option rather than the underlying security or currency itself, the fund
is partially protected from any unexpected decline in the market price of the
underlying security or currency and in such event could allow the call option
to expire, incurring a loss only to the extent of the premium paid for the
option.
The fund will not commit more than 5% of its assets to premiums when
purchasing call and put options. The fund may also purchase call options on
underlying securities or currencies it owns in order to protect unrealized
gains on call options previously written by it. A call option would be
purchased for this purpose where tax considerations make it inadvisable to
realize such gains through a closing purchase transaction. Call options may
also be purchased at times to avoid realizing losses.
Dealer (Over-the-Counter) Options
The fund may engage in transactions involving dealer options. Certain risks
are specific to dealer options. While the fund would look to a clearing
corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the fund were to purchase
a dealer option, it would rely on the dealer from whom it purchased the
option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do
so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the fund as well as loss
of the expected benefit of the transaction.
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Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while
dealer options have none. Consequently, the fund will generally be able to
realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising it
or reselling it to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the fund writes
a dealer option, it generally will be able to close out the option prior to
its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the
dealer to which the fund originally wrote the option. While the fund will
seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and
which are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with
the fund, there can be no assurance that the fund will be able to liquidate a
dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Until the
fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing
purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other
assets) or currencies used as cover until the option expires or is exercised.
In the event of insolvency of the contra party, the fund may be unable to
liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by the fund, the
inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses
to the fund. For example, since the fund must maintain a secured position
with respect to any call option on a security it writes, the fund may not
sell the assets which it has segregated to secure the position while it is
obligated under the option. This requirement may impair a fund's ability to
sell portfolio securities or currencies at a time when such sale might be
advantageous.
The Staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options and
the assets used to secure the written dealer options are illiquid securities.
The fund may treat the cover used for written Over-the-Counter ("OTC")
options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the fund may repurchase the OTC
option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined
formula. In such cases, the OTC option would be considered illiquid only to
the extent the maximum repurchase price under the formula exceeds the
intrinsic value of the option.
Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, and Total Equity Market Index
Funds
Options
Options are a type of potentially high-risk derivative.
The only option activity the funds currently may engage in is the purchase of
S&P 500 call options for the Equity Index 500 Fund, or the purchases of call
options on any indices that may be consistent with the investment programs
for the Extended Equity Market Index and Total Equity Market Index Funds.
Such activity is subject to the same risks described above under "Purchasing
Call Options." However, the funds reserve the right to engage in other
options activity.
All Funds
Futures Contracts
Futures contracts are a type of potentially high-risk derivative.
Transactions in Futures
The fund may enter into futures contracts including stock index, interest
rate, and currency futures ("futures" or "futures contracts").
The New Era Fund may also enter into futures contracts on commodities related
to the types of companies in which it invests, such as oil and gold futures.
The Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, and Total Equity Market
Index Funds may only enter into stock index futures which are appropriate for
their investment programs to provide an efficient means of maintaining
liquidity while being invested in the market, to facilitate trading, or to
reduce transaction costs. They will not use futures for hedging purposes.
Otherwise the nature of such futures and the regulatory limitations and risks
to which they are subject are the same as those described below.
Stock index futures contracts may be used to provide a hedge for a portion of
the fund's portfolio, as a cash management tool, or as an efficient way for
T. Rowe Price to implement either an increase or decrease in portfolio market
exposure in response to changing market conditions. The fund may purchase or
sell futures contracts with respect to any stock index. Nevertheless, to
hedge the fund's portfolio successfully, the fund
<PAGE>
must sell futures contacts with respect to indices or subindices whose
movements will have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of
the fund's portfolio securities.
Interest rate or currency futures contracts may be used as a hedge against
changes in prevailing levels of interest rates or currency exchange rates in
order to establish more definitely the effective return on securities or
currencies held or intended to be acquired by the fund. In this regard, the
fund could sell interest rate or currency futures as an offset against the
effect of expected increases in interest rates or currency exchange rates and
purchase such futures as an offset against the effect of expected declines in
interest rates or currency exchange rates.
The fund will enter into futures contracts which are traded on national or
foreign futures exchanges, and are standardized as to maturity date and
underlying financial instrument. Futures exchanges and trading in the United
States are regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act by the CFTC. Although
techniques other than the sale and purchase of futures contracts could be
used for the above-referenced purposes, futures contracts offer an effective
and relatively low cost means of implementing the fund's objectives in these
areas.
Regulatory Limitations
If the fund purchases or sells futures contracts or related options which do
not qualify as bona fide hedging under applicable CFTC rules, the aggregate
initial margin deposits and premium required to establish those positions
cannot exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the fund after taking into
account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such contracts it has
entered into; provided, however, that in the case of an option that is
in-the-money at the time of purchase, the in-the-money amount may be excluded
in calculating the 5% limitation. For purposes of this policy, options on
futures contracts and foreign currency options traded on a commodities
exchange will be considered "related options." This policy may be modified by
the Board of Directors/Trustees without a shareholder vote and does not limit
the percentage of the fund's assets at risk to 5%.
In instances involving the purchase of futures contracts or the writing of
call or put options thereon by the fund, an amount of cash, liquid assets, or
other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC, equal to the market value of
the futures contracts and options thereon (less any related margin deposits),
will be identified by the fund to cover the position, or alternative cover
(such as owning an offsetting position) will be employed. Assets used as
cover or held in an identified account cannot be sold while the position in
the corresponding option or future is open, unless they are replaced with
similar assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of a fund's
assets to cover or identified accounts could impede portfolio management or
the fund's ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
If the CFTC or other regulatory authorities adopt different (including less
stringent) or additional restrictions, the fund would comply with such new
restrictions.
Trading in Futures Contracts
A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by
another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g.,
units of a stock index) for a specified price, date, time, and place
designated at the time the contract is made. Brokerage fees are incurred when
a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained.
Entering into a contract to buy is commonly referred to as buying or
purchasing a contract or holding a long position. Entering into a contract to
sell is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short
position.
Unlike when the fund purchases or sells a security, no price would be paid or
received by the fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Upon
entering into a futures contract, and to maintain the fund's open positions
in futures contracts, the fund would be required to deposit with its
custodian in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount
of cash, or liquid assets known as "initial margin." The margin required for
a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is
traded, and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange
during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased
and sold on margins that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of
the contract being traded.
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If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in the case of
a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the
futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not
satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the
margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable
price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the
required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the fund.
These subsequent payments, called "variation margin," to and from the futures
broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets
fluctuate, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more
or less valuable, a process known as "marking to market."
Although certain futures contracts, by their terms, require actual future
delivery of and payment for the underlying instruments, in practice most
futures contracts are usually closed out before the delivery date. Closing
out an open futures contract purchase or sale is effected by entering into an
offsetting futures contract sale or purchase, respectively, for the same
aggregate amount of the identical securities and the same delivery date. If
the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the fund
realizes a gain; if it is more, the fund realizes a loss. Conversely, if the
offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the fund
realizes a gain; if it is less, the fund realizes a loss. The transaction
costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance,
however, that the fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction
with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the
fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the fund will
continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures
contract.
For example, the S&P's 500 Stock Index is made up of 500 selected common
stocks, most of which are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The S&P 500
Index assigns relative weightings to the common stocks included in the Index,
and the Index fluctuates with changes in the market values of those common
stocks. In the case of futures contracts on the S&P 500 Index, the contracts
are to buy or sell 250 units. Thus, if the value of the S&P 500 Index were
$150, one contract would be worth $37,500 (250 units x $150). The stock index
futures contract specifies that no delivery of the actual stocks making up
the index will take place. Instead, settlement in cash occurs. Over the life
of the contract, the gain or loss realized by the fund will equal the
difference between the purchase (or sale) price of the contract and the price
at which the contract is terminated. For example, if the fund enters into a
futures contract to buy 250 units of the S&P 500 Index at a specified future
date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500 Index is at $154 on that
future date, the fund will gain $1,000 (250 units x gain of $4). If the fund
enters into a futures contract to sell 250 units of the stock index at a
specified future date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500 Index is at
$152 on that future date, the fund will lose $500 (250 units x loss of $2).
Special Risks of Transactions in Futures Contracts
. Volatility and Leverage The prices of futures contracts are volatile and are
influenced, among other things, by actual and anticipated changes in the
market and interest rates, which in turn are affected by fiscal and monetary
policies and national and international political and economic events.
Most United States futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation
permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily
limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may
vary either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of
a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type
of futures contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that
limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular
trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses, because the limit
may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices
have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading
days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of
futures positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Margin deposits required on futures trading are low. As a result, a
relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate
and substantial loss, as well as gain, to the investor. For example, if at
the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited
as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract
would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for
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the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease
would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit, if the
contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may
result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract.
. Liquidity The fund may elect to close some or all of its futures positions
at any time prior to their expiration. The fund would do so to reduce
exposure represented by long futures positions or short futures positions.
The fund may close its positions by taking opposite positions which would
operate to terminate the fund's position in the futures contracts. Final
determinations of variation margin would then be made, additional cash would
be required to be paid by or released to the fund, and the fund would realize
a loss or a gain.
Futures contracts may be closed out only on the exchange or board of trade
where the contracts were initially traded. Although the fund intends to
purchase or sell futures contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where
there appears to be an active market, there is no assurance that a liquid
market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any particular
contract at any particular time. In such event, it might not be possible to
close a futures contract, and in the event of adverse price movements, the
fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation
margin. However, in the event futures contracts have been used to hedge the
underlying instruments, the fund would continue to hold the underlying
instruments subject to the hedge until the futures contracts could be
terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the price of underlying
instruments, if any, might partially or completely offset losses on the
futures contract. However, as described next, there is no guarantee that the
price of the underlying instruments will, in fact, correlate with the price
movements in the futures contract and thus provide an offset to losses on a
futures contract.
. Hedging Risk A decision of whether, when, and how to hedge involves skill
and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some
degree because of unexpected market behavior, market or interest rate trends.
There are several risks in connection with the use by the fund of futures
contracts as a hedging device. One risk arises because of the imperfect
correlation between movements in the prices of the futures contracts and
movements in the prices of the underlying instruments which are the subject
of the hedge. T. Rowe Price will, however, attempt to reduce this risk by
entering into futures contracts whose movements, in its judgment, will have a
significant correlation with movements in the prices of the fund's underlying
instruments sought to be hedged.
Successful use of futures contracts by the fund for hedging purposes is also
subject to T. Rowe Price's ability to correctly predict movements in the
direction of the market. It is possible that, when the fund has sold futures
to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the index, indices,
or instruments underlying futures might advance and the value of the
underlying instruments held in the fund's portfolio might decline. If this
were to occur, the fund would lose money on the futures and also would
experience a decline in value in its underlying instruments. However, while
this might occur to a certain degree, T. Rowe Price believes that over time
the value of the fund's portfolio will tend to move in the same direction as
the market indices used to hedge the portfolio. It is also possible that, if
the fund were to hedge against the possibility of a decline in the market
(adversely affecting the underlying instruments held in its portfolio) and
prices instead increased, the fund would lose part or all of the benefit of
increased value of those underlying instruments that it has hedged, because
it would have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in
such situations, if the fund had insufficient cash, it might have to sell
underlying instruments to meet daily variation margin requirements. Such
sales of underlying instruments might be, but would not necessarily be, at
increased prices (which would reflect the rising market). The fund might have
to sell underlying instruments at a time when it would be disadvantageous to
do so.
In addition to the possibility that there might be an imperfect correlation,
or no correlation at all, between price movements in the futures contracts
and the portion of the portfolio being hedged, the price movements of futures
contracts might not correlate perfectly with price movements in the
underlying instruments due to certain market distortions. First, all
participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and
maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit
requirements, investors might close futures contracts through offsetting
transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the
underlying instruments and futures markets. Second, the margin requirements
in the futures market are less
<PAGE>
onerous than margin requirements in the securities markets and, as a result,
the futures market might attract more speculators than the securities markets
do. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market might also
cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortion
in the futures market and also because of imperfect correlation between price
movements in the underlying instruments and movements in the prices of
futures contracts, even a correct forecast of general market trends by T.
Rowe Price might not result in a successful hedging transaction over a very
short time period.
Options on Futures Contracts
The fund may purchase and sell options on the same types of futures in which
it may invest.
Options (another type of potentially high-risk derivative) on futures are
similar to options on underlying instruments except that options on futures
give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a
position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a
short position if the option is a put), rather than to purchase or sell the
futures contract, at a specified exercise price at any time during the period
of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures
position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be
accompanied by the delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's
futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price
of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is
less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the
futures contract. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options
prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
As an alternative to writing or purchasing call and put options on stock
index futures, the fund may write or purchase call and put options on
financial indices. Such options would be used in a manner similar to the use
of options on futures contracts. From time to time, a single order to
purchase or sell futures contracts (or options thereon) may be made on behalf
of the fund and other T. Rowe Price funds. Such aggregated orders would be
allocated among the funds and the other T. Rowe Price funds in a fair and
nondiscriminatory manner.
Special Risks of Transactions in Options on Futures Contracts
The risks described under "Special Risks in Transactions on Futures
Contracts" are substantially the same as the risks of using options on
futures. If the fund were to write an option on a futures contract, it would
be required to deposit and maintain initial and variation margin in the same
manner as a regular futures contract. In addition, where the fund seeks to
close out an option position by writing or buying an offsetting option
covering the same index, underlying instrument or contract and having the
same exercise price and expiration date, its ability to establish and close
out positions on such options will be subject to the maintenance of a liquid
secondary market. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an
exchange include the following: (1) there may be insufficient trading
interest in certain options; (2) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange
on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (3) trading halts,
suspensions, or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular
classes or series of options, or underlying instruments; (4) unusual or
unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (5)
the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times
be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (6) one or more exchanges
could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future
date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series
of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the
class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding
options on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a
result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in
accordance with their terms. There is no assurance that higher than
anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not, at times,
render certain of the facilities of any of the clearing corporations
inadequate, and thereby result in the institution by an exchange of special
procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of customers'
orders.
Additional Futures and Options Contracts
Although the fund has no current intention of engaging in futures or options
transactions other than those described above, it reserves the right to do
so. Such futures and options trading might involve risks which differ from
those involved in the futures and options described above.
<PAGE>
Foreign Futures and Options
Participation in foreign futures and foreign options transactions involves
the execution and clearing of trades on or subject to the rules of a foreign
board of trade. Neither the National Futures Association nor any domestic
exchange regulates activities of any foreign boards of trade, including the
execution, delivery and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel
enforcement of the rules of a foreign board of trade or any applicable
foreign law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a
domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a
transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary
depending on the foreign country in which the foreign futures or foreign
options transaction occurs. For these reasons, when the fund trades foreign
futures or foreign options contracts, it may not be afforded certain of the
protective measures provided by the Commodity Exchange Act, the CFTC's
regulations and the rules of the National Futures Association and any
domestic exchange, including the right to use reparations proceedings before
the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided by the National Futures
Association or any domestic futures exchange. In particular, funds received
from the fund for foreign futures or foreign options transactions may not be
provided the same protections as funds received in respect of transactions on
United States futures exchanges. In addition, the price of any foreign
futures or foreign options contract and, therefore, the potential profit and
loss thereon may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate
between the time the fund's order is placed and the time it is liquidated,
offset or exercised.
All Funds except Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, and Total
Equity Market Index Funds
Foreign Currency Transactions
A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation to
purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed
number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a
price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are principally traded
in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually
large, commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally
has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for
trades.
The fund may enter into forward contracts for a variety of purposes in
connection with the management of the foreign securities portion of its
portfolio. The fund's use of such contracts would include, but not be limited
to, the following:
First, when the fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a
security denominated in a foreign currency, it may desire to "lock in" the
U.S. dollar price of the security. By entering into a forward contract for
the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of dollars, of the amount of foreign
currency involved in the underlying security transactions, the fund will be
able to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse
change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the subject foreign
currency during the period between the date the security is purchased or sold
and the date on which payment is made or received.
Second, when T. Rowe Price believes that one currency may experience a
substantial movement against another currency, including the U.S. dollar, it
may enter into a forward contract to sell or buy the amount of the former
foreign currency, approximating the value of some or all of the fund's
portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. Alternatively,
where appropriate, the fund may hedge all or part of its foreign currency
exposure through the use of a basket of currencies or a proxy currency where
such currency or currencies act as an effective proxy for other currencies.
In such a case, the fund may enter into a forward contract where the amount
of the foreign currency to be sold exceeds the value of the securities
denominated in such currency. The use of this basket hedging technique may be
more efficient and economical than entering into separate forward contracts
for each currency held in the fund. The precise matching of the forward
contract amounts and the value of the securities involved will not generally
be possible since the future value of such securities in foreign currencies
will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those
securities between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date
it matures. The projection of short-term currency market movement is
extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging
strategy is highly uncertain. Under normal circumstances, consideration of
the prospect for currency parties will be incorporated into the longer-term
investment decisions made with regard to
<PAGE>
overall diversification strategies. However, T. Rowe Price believes that it
is important to have the flexibility to enter into such forward contracts
when it determines that the best interest of the fund will be served.
The fund may enter into forward contacts for any other purpose consistent
with the fund's investment objective and program. However, the fund will not
enter into a forward contract, or maintain exposure to any such contract(s),
if the amount of foreign currency required to be delivered thereunder would
exceed the fund's holdings of liquid, high-grade debt securities, currency
available for cover of the forward contract(s), or other suitable cover as
permitted by the SEC. In determining the amount to be delivered under a
contract, the fund may net offsetting positions.
At the maturity of a forward contract, the fund may sell the portfolio
security and make delivery of the foreign currency, or it may retain the
security and either extend the maturity of the forward contract (by "rolling"
that contract forward) or may initiate a new forward contract.
If the fund retains the portfolio security and engages in an offsetting
transaction, the fund will incur a gain or a loss (as described below) to the
extent that there has been movement in forward contract prices. If the fund
engages in an offsetting transaction, it may subsequently enter into a new
forward contract to sell the foreign currency. Should forward prices decline
during the period between the fund's entering into a forward contract for the
sale of a foreign currency and the date it enters into an offsetting contract
for the purchase of the foreign currency, the fund will realize a gain to the
extent the price of the currency it has agreed to sell exceeds the price of
the currency it has agreed to purchase. Should forward prices increase, the
fund will suffer a loss to the extent of the price of the currency it has
agreed to purchase exceeds the price of the currency it has agreed to sell.
The fund's dealing in forward foreign currency exchange contracts will
generally be limited to the transactions described above. However, the fund
reserves the right to enter into forward foreign currency contracts for
different purposes and under different circumstances. Of course, the fund is
not required to enter into forward contracts with regard to its foreign
currency-denominated securities and will not do so unless deemed appropriate
by T. Rowe Price. It also should be realized that this method of hedging
against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate fluctuations
in the underlying prices of the securities. It simply establishes a rate of
exchange at a future date. Additionally, although such contracts tend to
minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged
currency, at the same time, they tend to limit any potential gain which might
result from an increase in the value of that currency.
Although the fund values its assets daily in terms of U.S. dollars, it does
not intend to convert its holdings of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars on
a daily basis. It will do so from time to time, and there are costs
associated with currency conversion. Although foreign exchange dealers do not
charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference
(the "spread") between the prices at which they are buying and selling
various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to
the fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the
fund desire to resell that currency to the dealer.
Federal Tax Treatment of Options, Futures Contracts, and Forward Foreign
Exchange Contracts
Options, futures, and forward foreign exchange contracts, including options
and futures on currencies, which offset a foreign dollar-denominated bond or
currency position may be considered straddles for tax purposes, in which case
a loss on any position in a straddle will be subject to deferral to the
extent of unrealized gain in an offsetting position. The holding period of
the securities or currencies comprising the straddle will be deemed not to
begin until the straddle is terminated. The holding period of the security
offsetting an "in-the-money qualified covered call" option on an equity
security will not include the period of time the option is outstanding.
Losses on written covered calls and purchased puts on securities, excluding
certain "qualified covered call" options on equity securities, may be
long-term capital losses, if the security covering the option was held for
more than 12 months prior to the writing of the option.
In order for the fund to continue to qualify for federal income tax treatment
as a regulated investment company, at least 90% of its gross income for a
taxable year must be derived from qualifying income, i.e., dividends,
interest, income derived from loans of securities, and gains from the sale of
securities or currencies.
<PAGE>
Tax regulations could be issued limiting the extent that net gain realized
from option, futures, or foreign forward exchange contracts on currencies is
qualifying income for purposes of the 90% requirement.
As a result of the "Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997," entering into certain
options, futures contracts, or forward contracts may result in the
"constructive sale" of offsetting stocks or debt securities of the fund.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fundamental policies may not be changed without the approval of the lesser of
(1) 67% of the fund's shares present at a meeting of shareholders if the
holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or
by proxy or (2) more than 50% of a fund's outstanding shares. Other
restrictions in the form of operating policies are subject to change by the
fund's Board of Directors/Trustees without shareholder approval. Any
investment restriction which involves a maximum percentage of securities or
assets shall not be considered to be violated unless an excess over the
percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition of
securities or assets of, or borrowings by, the fund. Calculation of the
fund's total assets for compliance with any of the following fundamental or
operating policies or any other investment restrictions set forth in the
fund's prospectus or Statement of Additional Information will not include
cash collateral held in connection with securities lending activities.
Fundamental Policies
As a matter of fundamental policy, the fund may not:
(1) Borrowing Borrow money except that the fund may (i) borrow for
non-leveraging, temporary, or emergency purposes; and (ii) engage in
reverse repurchase agreements and make other investments or engage in
other transactions, which may involve a borrowing, in a manner consistent
with the fund's investment objective and program, provided that the
combination of (i) and (ii) shall not exceed 33/1//\\/3/\\% of the value
of the fund's total assets (including the amount borrowed) less
liabilities (other than borrowings) or such other percentage permitted by
law. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in
accordance with applicable law. The fund may borrow from banks, other
Price Funds, or other persons to the extent permitted by applicable law;
(2) Commodities Purchase or sell physical commodities; except that it may
enter into futures contracts and options thereon;
(3) (a)
Industry Concentration (All Funds except Health Sciences, Financial
Services, and Real Estate Funds) Purchase the securities of any issuer
if, as a result, more than 25% of the value of the fund's total assets
would be invested in the securities of issuers having their principal
business activities in the same industry;
(b)
Industry Concentration (Health Sciences, Financial Services, and Real
Estate Funds) Purchase the securities of any issuer if, as a result, more
than 25% of the value of the fund's total assets would be invested in the
securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the
same industry; provided, however, that (i) the Health Sciences Fund will
invest more than 25% of its total assets in the health sciences industry
as defined in the fund's prospectus; (ii) the Financial Services Fund
will invest more than 25% of its total assets in the financial services
industry as defined in the fund's prospectus; (iii) the Real Estate Fund
will invest more than 25% of its total assets in the real estate industry
as defined in the fund's prospectus.
(4) Loans Make loans, although the fund may (i) lend portfolio securities and
participate in an interfund lending program with other Price Funds
provided that no such loan may be made if, as a result, the aggregate of
such loans would exceed 33/1//\\/3/\\% of the value of the fund's total
assets; (ii) purchase money market securities and enter into repurchase
agreements; and (iii) acquire publicly distributed or privately placed
debt securities and purchase debt;
<PAGE>
(5) Percent Limit on Assets Invested in Any One Issuer Purchase a security
if, as a result, with respect to 75% of the value of its total assets,
more than 5% of the value of the fund's total assets would be invested in
the securities of a single issuer, except securities issued or guaranteed
by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities;
(6) Percent Limit on Share Ownership of Any One Issuer Purchase a security
if, as a result, with respect to 75% of the value of the fund's total
assets, more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any issuer
would be held by the fund (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by
the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities);
(7) Real Estate Purchase or sell real estate, including limited partnership
interests therein, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities
or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the fund from investing
in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities of
companies engaged in the real estate business);
(8) Senior Securities Issue senior securities except in compliance with the
1940 Act; or
(9) Underwriting Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the
extent that the fund may be deemed to be an underwriter within the
meaning of the 1933 Act in connection with the purchase and sale of its
portfolio securities in the ordinary course of pursuing its investment
program.
NOTES
The following Notes should be read in connection with the above-described
fundamental policies. The Notes are not fundamental policies.
With respect to investment restriction (2), the fund does not consider
currency contracts or hybrid investments to be commodities.
For purposes of investment restriction (3), U.S., state, or local
governments, or related agencies or instrumentalities, are not considered
an industry. Industries are determined by reference to the
classifications of industries set forth in the fund's semiannual and
annual reports. It is the position of the Staff of the SEC that foreign
governments are industries for purposes of this restriction.
For purposes of investment restriction (4), the fund will consider the
acquisition of a debt security to include the execution of a note or
other evidence of an extension of credit with a term of more than nine
months.
Operating Policies
As a matter of operating policy, the fund may not:
(1) Borrowing Purchase additional securities when money borrowed exceeds 5%
of its total assets;
(2) Control of Portfolio Companies Invest in companies for the purpose of
exercising management or control;
(3) Futures Contracts Purchase a futures contract or an option thereon, if,
with respect to positions in futures or options on futures which do not
represent bona fide hedging, the aggregate initial margin and premiums on
such options would exceed 5% of the fund's net asset value;
(4) Illiquid Securities Purchase illiquid securities if, as a result, more
than 15% of its net assets would be invested in such securities;
(5) Investment Companies Purchase securities of open-end or closed-end
investment companies except (i) in compliance with the 1940 Act; or (ii)
securities of the Reserve Investment or Government Reserve Investment
Funds;
(6) Margin Purchase securities on margin, except (i) for use of short-term
credit necessary for clearance of purchases of portfolio securities and
(ii) it may make margin deposits in connection with futures contracts or
other permissible investments;
<PAGE>
(7) Mortgaging Mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or, in any manner, transfer any
security owned by the fund as security for indebtedness except as may be
necessary in connection with permissible borrowings or investments and
then such mortgaging, pledging, or hypothecating may not exceed
33/1//\\/3/\\% of the fund's total assets at the time of borrowing or
investment;
(8) Oil and Gas Programs Purchase participations or other direct interests
in, or enter into leases with respect to oil, gas, or other mineral
exploration or development programs if, as a result thereof, more than 5%
of the value of the total assets of the fund would be invested in such
programs;
(9) Options, etc. Invest in puts, calls, straddles, spreads, or any
combination thereof, except to the extent permitted by the prospectus and
Statement of Additional Information;
(10) Short Sales Effect short sales of securities; or
(11) Warrants Invest in warrants if, as a result thereof, more than 10% of
the value of the net assets of the fund would be invested in warrants.
For Blue Chip Growth, Capital Opportunity, Diversified Small-Cap Growth,
Financial Services, Health Sciences, Media & Telecommunications, Mid-Cap
Value, Real Estate, and Value Funds:
Notwithstanding anything in the above fundamental and operating restrictions
to the contrary, the fund may invest all of its assets in a single investment
company or a series thereof in connection with a "master-feeder" arrangement.
Such an investment would be made where the fund (a "Feeder"), and one or more
other funds with the same investment objective and program as the fund,
sought to accomplish its investment objective and program by investing all of
its assets in the shares of another investment company (the "Master"). The
Master would, in turn, have the same investment objective and program as the
fund. The fund would invest in this manner in an effort to achieve the
economies of scale associated with having a Master fund make investments in
portfolio companies on behalf of a number of Feeder funds.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The officers and directors/trustees of the fund are listed below. Unless
otherwise noted, the address of each is 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore,
Maryland 21202. Except as indicated, each has been an employee of T. Rowe
Price for more than five years. In the list below, the fund's
directors/trustees who are considered "interested persons" of T. Rowe Price
as defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act are noted with an asterisk
(*). These directors/trustees are referred to as inside directors by virtue
of their officership, directorship, and/or employment with T. Rowe Price.
All Funds
Independent Directors/Trustees/(a)/
DONALD W. DICK, JR., 1/27/43, Principal, EuroCapital Advisors, LLC, an
acquisition and management advisory firm; formerly (5/89-6/95) Principal,
Overseas Partners, Inc., a financial investment firm; formerly (6/65-3/89)
Director and Vice President, Consumer Products Division, McCormick & Company,
Inc., international food processors; Director, Waverly, Inc., Baltimore,
Maryland; Address: P.O.Box 491, Chilmark, Massacusetts 02535
DAVID K. FAGIN, 4/9/38, Director, Western Exploration and Development, Ltd.
(6/97 to present); Director (5/92 to present); formerly: (Chairman (5/92 to
12/97) and Chief Executive Officer (5/92 to 5/96) of Golden Star Resources
Ltd.; formerly: President, Chief Operating Officer, and Director, Homestake
Mining Company; (5/86 to 7/91); Address: 1700 Lincoln Street, Suite 4710,
Denver, Colorado 80203
HANNE M. MERRIMAN, 11/16/41, Retail Business Consultant; Director, Ann Taylor
Stores Corporation, Central Illinois Public Service Company, Ameren Corp.,
Finlay Enterprises, Inc., The Rouse Company, State Farm Mutual Automobile
Insurance Company and USAirways Group, Inc.; Address: 3201 New Mexico Avenue,
N.W., Suite 350, Washington, D.C. 20016
<PAGE>
HUBERT D. VOS, 8/2/33, Owner/President, Stonington Capital Corporation, a
private investment company; Address: 1114 State Street, Suite 247, P.O. Box
90409, Santa Barbara, California 93190-0409
PAUL M. WYTHES, 6/23/33, Founding Partner of Sutter Hill Ventures, a venture
capital limited partnership, providing equity capital to young high
technology companies throughout the United States; Director, Teltone
Corporation and InterVentional Technologies Inc.; Address: 755 Page Mill
Road, Suite A200, Palo Alto, California 94304-1005
(a) Unless otherwise indicated, the Independent Directors/Trustees have been
at their respective companies for at least five years.
Officers
HENRY H. HOPKINS, 12/23/42, Vice President-Vice President, Price-Fleming and
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Director and Managing Director,
T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price Investment
Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc. and T. Rowe Price Trust Company
PATRICIA B. LIPPERT, 1/12/53, Secretary-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price and T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc.
JOSEPH A. CARRIER, 12/30/60, Treasurer-Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T.
Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc.
DAVID S. MIDDLETON, 1/18/56, Controller-Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T.
Rowe Price Trust Company
J. JEFFREY LANG, 1/10/62, Assistant Vice President-Assistant Vice President,
T. Rowe Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company
INGRID I. VORDEMBERGE, 9/27/35, Assistant Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe
Price
Balanced Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director and Vice President-Director and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director and Vice President-Chairman of the Board
and Director, Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment
Officer, and Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director,
T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
RICHARD T. WHITNEY, 5/7/58, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice
President, Price-Fleming and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial
Analyst
STEPHEN W. BOESEL, 12/28/44, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company and T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan
Services, Inc.
ANDREW M. BROOKS, 2/16/56, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
RAYMOND A. MILLS, PHD, 12/3/60, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T.
Rowe Price; formerly Principal Systems Engineer at TASC, Inc.
EDMUND M. NOTZON, 10/1/45, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
DONALD J. PETERS, 7/3/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Portfolio Manager at Geewax Terker and Company
MARK J. VASELKIV, 7/22/58, Vice President-Managing Director and Vice
President, T. Rowe Price
<PAGE>
Blue Chip Growth Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
LARRY J. PUGLIA, 8/25/60, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
BRIAN W.H. BERGHUIS, 12/12/58, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
STEPHANIE C. CLANCY, 12/19/64, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ROBERT N. GENSLER, 10/18/57, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ERIC M. GERSTER, 3/23/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Associate with J.P. Morgan
JILL L. HAUSER, 6/23/58, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
STEPHEN C. JANSEN, 12/12/68, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Investment Analyst at Schroder & Co.
KRIS H. JENNER, M.D., 2/5/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly with the Laboratory of Biological Cancer, The Brigham & Women's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School
ROBERT W. SHARPS, 6/10/71, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Senior Consultant at KPMG Peat Marwick; Chartered Financial
Analyst
ROBERT W. SMITH, 4/11/61, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, Price-Fleming
WILLIAM J. STROMBERG, 3/10/60, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
Capital Appreciation Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Trustee-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Trustee and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Trustee and Vice President-Chairman of the Board
and Director, Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment
Officer, and Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director,
T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
RICHARD P. HOWARD, 9/16/46, President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
ARTHUR B. CECIL III, 9/15/42, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
STEPHANIE C. CLANCY, 12/19/64, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
CHARLES A. MORRIS, 1/3/63, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
CHARLES M. OBER, 4/20/50, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
<PAGE>
BRIAN C. ROGERS, 6/27/55, Vice President-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial
Analyst
DAVID J. WALLACK, 7/2/60, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
Capital Opportunity Fund
* JOHN H. LAPORTE, JR., 7/26/45, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
WILLIAM J. STROMBERG, 3/10/60, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
ROBYN M. BRENZA, 6/18/74, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Intern with Allegheny Financial Group
DAVID C. MEYER, 4/14/67, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Trader for the Teacher Retirement System of Texas
JOHN F. WAKEMAN, 11/25/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
RICHARD T. WHITNEY, 5/7/58, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, Price-Fleming and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered
Financial Analyst
Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund
* JOHN H. LAPORTE, JR., 7/26/45, Director and Vice President-Director and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
RICHARD T. WHITNEY, 5/7/58, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice
President, Price-Fleming and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial
Analyst
PAUL J. WOJCIK, 11/28/70, Executive Vice President-Assistant Vice President,
T. Rowe Price; formerly Senior Programmer/Analyst at Fidelity Investments;
Chartered Financial Analyst
MARC L. BAYLIN, 11/17/67, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Financial Analyst at Rausher Pierce Refsnes; Chartered Financial
Analyst
KRISTEN F. CULP, 9/28/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T.
Rowe Price Trust Company
DONALD J. PETERS, 7/3/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Portfolio Manager at Geewax Terker and Company
Dividend Growth Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
<PAGE>
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
WILLIAM J. STROMBERG, 3/10/60, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
THOMAS J. HUBER, 9/23/66, Executive Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Corporate Banking Officer with NationsBank; Chartered
Financial Analyst
ARTHUR B. CECIL III, 9/15/42, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
STEPHANIE C. CLANCY, 12/19/64, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
GIRI DEVULAPALLY, 11/18/67, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Senior Consultant with Anderson Consulting
MICHAEL W. HOLTON, 9/25/68, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Research Analyst at Bowles, Hollowell, Conner and Company; Chartered
Financial Analyst
STEPHEN C. JANSEN, 12/12/68, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Investment Analyst at Schroder & Co.
DAVID M. LEE, 11/13/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst; formerly Marketing Representative at IBM
DONALD J. PETERS, 7/3/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Portfolio Manager at Geewax Terker and Company
LARRY J. PUGLIA, 8/25/60, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
DAVID J. WALLACK, 7/2/60, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
Equity Income Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Trustee-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Trustee and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Trustee-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
BRIAN C. ROGERS, 6/27/55, President-Director and Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial
Analyst
STEPHEN W. BOESEL, 12/28/44, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company and T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan
Services, Inc.
ANDREW M. BROOKS, 2/16/56, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ARTHUR B. CECIL III, 9/15/42, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
GIRI DEVULAPALLY, 11/18/67, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Senior Consultant with Anderson Consulting
<PAGE>
RICHARD P. HOWARD, 9/16/46, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
JOHN D. LINEHAN, 1/21/65, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Vice President at E.T. Petroleum and Delaney Petroleum
WILLIAM J. STROMBERG, 3/10/60, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
Financial Services Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
LARRY J. PUGLIA, 8/25/60, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
ANNA M. DOPKIN, 9/5/67, Executive Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T.
Rowe Price; formerly Analyst at Goldman Sachs; Chartered Financial Analyst
STEPHEN W. BOESEL, 12/28/44, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company and T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan
Services, Inc.
SUSAN J. KLEIN, 4/18/50, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price
ROBERT W. SHARPS, 6/10/71, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Senior Consultant, KPMG Peat Marwick; Chartered Financial
Analyst
WILLIAM J. STROMBERG, 3/10/60, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
Growth & Income Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
STEPHEN W. BOESEL, 12/28/44, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice
President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company and T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan
Services, Inc.
ROBERT W. SHARPS, 6/10/71, Executive Vice President-Assistant Vice President,
T. Rowe Price; formerly Senior Consultant with KPMG Peat Marwick; Chartered
Financial Analyst
ARTHUR B. CECIL III, 9/15/42, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
GIRI DEVULAPALLY, 11/18/67, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Senior Consultant with Anderson Consulting
<PAGE>
MICHAEL W. HOLTON, 9/25/68, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Research Analyst at Bowles, Hollowell, Conner and Company; Chartered
Financial Analyst
STEPHEN C. JANSEN, 12/12/68, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Investment Analyst at Schroder & Co.
DAVID C. MEYER, 4/14/67, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Trader for the Teacher Retirement System of Texas
ROBERT W. SMITH, 4/11/61, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, Price-Fleming
R. CANDLER YOUNG, 9/28/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Equity Research Analyst at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette
Growth Stock Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director and Vice President-Director and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
ROBERT W. SMITH, 4/11/61, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice
President, Price-Fleming
BRIAN W.H. BERGHUIS, 12/12/58, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
ANNA M. DOPKIN, 9/5/67, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Analyst at Goldman Sachs; Chartered Financial Analyst
ROBERT N. GENSLER, 10/18/57, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ERIC M. GERSTER, 3/23/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Associate with J.P. Morgan
JILL L. HAUSER, 6/23/58, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
STEPHEN C. JANSEN, 12/12/68, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Investment Analyst at Schroder & Co.
KRIS H. JENNER, M.D., 2/5/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly with the Laboratory of Biological Cancer, The Brigham & Women's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School
CHARLES A. MORRIS, 1/3/63, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
THOMAS O. MURTHA, 7/29/53, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price and
Price-Fleming
D. JAMES PREY III, 11/26/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
LARRY J. PUGLIA, 8/25/60, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
CAROL G. BARTHA, 1/4/42, Assistant Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price
Health Sciences Fund
* JOHN H. LAPORTE, JR., 7/26/45, Director and President-Director and Managing
Director, T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
<PAGE>
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
KRIS H. JENNER, M.D., 2/5/62, Executive Vice President-Vice President, T.
Rowe Price; formerly with the Laboratory of Biological Cancer, The Brigham &
Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
CHRISTOPHER R. LEONARD, 1/11/73, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Research Associate with Morgan Stanley Dean Witter
CHARLES G. PEPIN, 4/23/66, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
D. JAMES PREY III, 11/26/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
DARRELL M. RILEY, 2/18/58, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
CHRISTINA T. WILLIAMS, 12/14/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Health Care Investment Banking Associate with S.G. Cowen Securities
Corporation
Index Trust
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
RICHARD T. WHITNEY, 5/7/58, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice
President, Price-Fleming and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial
Analyst
KRISTEN F. CULP, 9/28/62, Executive Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe
Price and T. Rowe Price Trust Company
STEPHANIE C. CLANCY, 12/19/64, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
WENDY R. DIFFENBAUGH, 10/2/53, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T.
Rowe Price
RAYMOND A. MILLS, PHD, 12/3/60, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T.
Rowe Price; formerly Principal Systems Engineer at TASC, Inc.
M. CHRISTINE MUNOZ, 12/2/62, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price
Institutional Equity Funds
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director and Vice President-Director and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Chairman of the Board-Vice Chairman of the Board,
Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board, T.
Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
<PAGE>
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director and President-Chairman of the Board and
Director, Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment
Officer, and Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director,
T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
BRIAN W.H. BERGHUIS, 12/12/58, Executive Vice President-Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
GREGORY A. MCCRICKARD, 10/19/58, Executive Vice President-Managing Director,
T. Rowe Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered
Financial Analyst
BRIAN C. ROGERS, 6/27/55, Executive Vice President-Director and Managing
Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company;
Chartered Financial Analyst
PRESTON G. ATHEY, 7/17/49, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
MARC L. BAYLIN, 11/17/67, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Financial Analyst at Rausher Pierce Refsnes; Chartered Financial
Analyst
STEPHEN W. BOESEL, 12/28/44, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company and T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan
Services, Inc.
KARA M. CHESEBY, 10/9/63, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Vice President at Legg Mason Wood Walker; Chartered Financial
Analysis
STEPHANIE C. CLANCY, 12/19/64, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ANNA M. DOPKIN, 9/5/67, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Analyst at Goldman Sachs; Chartered Financial Analyst
HUGH M. EVANS III, 5/17/66, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
MARCY L. HACKETT, 8/5/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ROBERT N. GENSLER, 10/18/57, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
MICHAEL W. HOLTON, 9/25/68, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Research Analyst at Bowles, Hollowell, Conner and Company; Chartered
Financial Analyst
RICHARD P. HOWARD, 9/16/46, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
THOMAS J. HUBER, 9/23/66, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Corporate Banking Officer with NationsBank; Chartered Financial
Analyst
KRIS H. JENNER, M.D., 2/5/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly with the Laboratory of Biological Cancer, The Brigham & Women's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School
ROBERT J. MARCOTTE, 3/6/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
JOSEPH M. MILANO, 9/14/72, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Research Assistant with Brookings Institution
CHARLES G. PEPIN, 4/23/66, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ROBERT W. SHARPS, 6/10/71, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Senior Consultant at KPMG Peat Marwick; Chartered Financial
Analyst
MICHAEL F. SOLA, 7/21/69, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Systems Analyst/ Programmer at SRA Corporation; Chartered Financial
Analyst
JOHN F. WAKEMAN, 11/25/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
DAVID J. WALLACK, 7/2/60, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
<PAGE>
RICHARD T. WHITNEY, 5/7/58, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, Price-Fleming and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered
Financial Analyst
Media & Telecommunications Fund
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
ROBERT N. GENSLER, 10/18/57, President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ARCHANA BASI, 3/11/73, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Analyst with Andersen Consulting
GIRI DEVULAPALLY, 11/18/67, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Senior Consultant with Anderson Consulting
STEPHEN C. JANSEN, 12/12/68, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Investment Analyst at Schroder & Co.
TERRAL M. JORDAN, 8/13/45, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
D. JAMES PREY III, 11/26/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ROBERT W. SMITH, 4/11/61, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, Price-Fleming
Mid-Cap Growth Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
JOHN H. LAPORTE, JR., 7/26/45, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
BRIAN W.H. BERGHUIS, 12/12/58, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
JOHN F. WAKEMAN, 11/25/62, Executive Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe
Price
MARC L. BAYLIN, 11/17/67, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Financial Analyst at Rausher Pierce Refsnes; Chartered Financial
Analyst
ANNA M. DOPKIN, 9/5/67, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Analyst at Goldman Sachs; Chartered Financial Analyst
ROBERT N. GENSLER, 10/18/57, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ERIC M. GERSTER, 3/23/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Associate with J.P. Morgan
KRIS H. JENNER, M.D., 2/5/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly with the Laboratory of Biological Cancer, The Brigham & Women's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School
ROBERT J. MARCOTTE, 3/6/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
<PAGE>
JOSEPH M. MILANO, 9/14/72, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Research Assistant with Brookings Institution
MICHAEL F. SOLA, 7/21/69, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Systems Analyst/ Programmer at SRA Corporation; Chartered Financial
Analyst
R. CANDLER YOUNG, 9/28/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Equity Research Analyst at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette
Mid-Cap Value Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director and Vice President-Director and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
GREGORY A. MCCRICKARD, 10/19/58, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
PRESTON G. ATHEY, 7/17/49, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
KARA M. CHESEBY, 10/9/63, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Vice President at Legg Mason Wood Walker; Chartered Financial
Analysis
GIRI DEVULAPALLY, 11/18/67, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Senior Consultant with Anderson Consulting
HUGH M. EVANS III, 5/17/66, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
MARCY L. HACKETT, 8/5/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
JOSEPH M. MILANO, 9/14/72, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Research Assistant with Brookings Institution
DAVID J. WALLACK, 7/2/60, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
New America Growth Fund
* JOHN H. LAPORTE, JR., 7/26/45, Trustee and President-Director and Managing
Director, T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Trustee and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Trustee-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
MARC L. BAYLIN, 11/17/67, Executive Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Financial Analyst at Rausher Pierce Refsnes; Chartered
Financial Analyst
BRIAN W.H. BERGHUIS, 12/12/58, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
<PAGE>
GIRI DEVULAPALLY, 11/18/67, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Senior Consultant with Anderson Consulting
ROBERT N. GENSLER, 10/18/57, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ERIC M. GERSTER, 3/23/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Associate with J.P. Morgan
MARK R. SCHLARBAUM, 12/23/69, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ROBERT W. SMITH, 4/11/61, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, Price-Fleming
R. CANDLER YOUNG, 9/28/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Equity Research Analyst at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette
New Era Fund
JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director and Vice President-Director and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
CHARLES M. OBER, 4/20/50, President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Chartered
Financial Analyst
DAVID J. WALLACK, 7/2/60, Executive Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe
Price
HUGH M. EVANS III, 5/17/66, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
RICHARD P. HOWARD, 9/16/46, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
DAVID M. LEE, 11/13/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst; formerly Marketing Representative at IBM
JOHN D. LINEHAN, 1/21/65, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Vice President at E.T. Petroleum and Delaney Petroleum; Associate at Bankers
Trust
DAVID C. MEYER, 4/14/67, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Trader for the Teacher Retirement System of Texas
GEORGE A. ROCHE, 7/6/41, Vice President-President, Director, Chairman of the
Board, and Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Director, Price-Fleming and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.
New Horizons Fund
* JOHN H. LAPORTE, JR., 7/26/45, Director and President-Director and Managing
Director, T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
<PAGE>
MARC L. BAYLIN, 11/17/67, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Financial Analyst at Rausher Pierce Refsnes; Chartered Financial
Analyst
BRIAN W.H. BERGHUIS, 12/12/58, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
ANNA M. DOPKIN, 9/5/67, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Analyst at Goldman Sachs; Chartered Financial Analyst
ROBERT N. GENSLER, 10/18/57, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ERIC M. GERSTER, 3/23/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Associate with J.P. Morgan
JILL L. HAUSER, 6/23/58, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
KRIS H. JENNER, M.D., 2/5/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly with the Laboratory of Biological Cancer, The Brigham & Women's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School
ETHAN MCAFEE, 8/3/76, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Financial Management Program Intern with General Electric
JOSEPH M. MILANO, 9/14/72, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Research Assistant with Brookings Institution
CHARLES A. MORRIS, 1/3/63, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
CHARLES G. PEPIN, 4/23/66, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
PHILIP W. RUEDI, 7/2/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Investment Banking Analyst with John Nuveen and Co.
MARK R. SCHLARBAUM, 12/23/69, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
MICHAEL F. SOLA, 7/21/69, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Systems Analyst/ Programmer at SRA Corporation; Chartered Financial
Analyst
JOHN F. WAKEMAN, 11/25/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
CHRISTINA T. WILLIAMS, 12/14/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Health Care Investment Banking Associate with S.G. Cowen Securities
Corporation
FRANCIES W. HAWKS, 2/2/44, Assistant Vice President-Assistant Vice President,
T. Rowe Price
Real Estate Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director and Vice President-Director and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
DAVID M. LEE, 11/13/62, President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Chartered
Financial Analyst; formerly Marketing Representative at IBM
STEPHEN W. BOESEL, 12/28/44, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company and T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan
Services, Inc.
ANNA M. DOPKIN, 9/5/67, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Analyst at Goldman Sachs; Chartered Financial Analyst
<PAGE>
DAVID C. MEYER, 4/14/67, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Trader for the Teacher Retirement System of Texas
CHARLES M. OBER, 4/20/50, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
BRIAN C. ROGERS, 6/27/55, Vice President-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial
Analyst
WILLIAM J. STROMBERG, 3/10/60, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
Science & Technology Fund
* JOHN H. LAPORTE, JR., 7/26/45, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
CHARLES A. MORRIS, 1/3/63, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
MICHAEL F. SOLA, 7/21/69, Executive Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Systems Analyst/Programmer at SRA Corporation; Chartered
Financial Analyst
GIRI DEVULAPALLY, 11/18/67, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Senior Consultant with Anderson Consulting
ROBERT N. GENSLER, 10/18/57, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ERIC M. GERSTER, 3/23/71, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Associate with J.P. Morgan
JILL L. HAUSER, 6/23/58, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
STEPHEN C. JANSEN, 12/12/68, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Investment Analyst at Schroder & Co.
TERRAL M. JORDAN, 8/13/45, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
ETHAN MCAFEE, 8/3/76, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Financial Management Program Intern with General Electric
DAVID C. MEYER, 4/14/67, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Trader for the Teacher Retirement System of Texas
D. JAMES PREY III, 11/26/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
Small-Cap Stock Fund
* JOHN H. LAPORTE, JR., 7/26/45, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
<PAGE>
GREGORY A. MCCRICKARD, 10/19/58, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
PRESTON G. ATHEY, 7/17/49, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
HUGH M. EVANS III, 5/17/66, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
MARCY L. HACKETT, 8/5/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
KRIS H. JENNER, M.D., 2/5/62, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly with the Laboratory of Biological Cancer, The Brigham & Women's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School
JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Vice President-Director and Managing Director,
T. Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
JOSEPH M. MILANO, 9/14/72, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Research Assistant with Brookings Institution
CHARLES G. PEPIN, 4/23/66, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
MICHAEL F. SOLA, 7/21/69, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Systems Analyst/ Programmer at SRA Corporation; Chartered Financial
Analyst
RICHARD T. WHITNEY, 5/7/58, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, Price-Fleming and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered
Financial Analyst
Small-Cap Value Fund
* JOHN H. LAPORTE, JR., 7/26/45, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
PRESTON G. ATHEY, 7/17/49, President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice
President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
HUGH M. EVANS III, 5/17/66, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
MARCY L. HACKETT, 8/5/59, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
SUSAN J. KLEIN, 4/18/50, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price
GREGORY A. MCCRICKARD, 10/19/58, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial
Analyst
JOSEPH M. MILANO, 9/14/72, Vice President-Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe
Price; formerly Research Assistant with Brookings Institution
DAVID J. WALLACK, 7/2/60, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
FRANCIES W. HAWKS, 2/2/44, Assistant Vice President-Assistant Vice President,
T. Rowe Price
Value Fund
* JAMES A.C. KENNEDY, 8/17/53, Director-Director and Managing Director, T.
Rowe Price; Chartered Financial Analyst
<PAGE>
* JAMES S. RIEPE, 6/25/43, Director and Vice President-Vice Chairman of the
Board, Managing Director, and Director, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board,
T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T.
Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, President,
and Trust Officer, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Price-Fleming and
General Re Corporation
* M. DAVID TESTA, 4/22/44, Director-Chairman of the Board and Director,
Price-Fleming; Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, and
Managing Director, T. Rowe Price; Vice President and Director, T. Rowe Price
Trust Company; Chartered Financial Analyst
BRIAN C. ROGERS, 6/27/55, President-Director and Managing Director, T. Rowe
Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chartered Financial
Analyst
STEPHEN W. BOESEL, 12/28/44, Vice President-Managing Director, T. Rowe Price;
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company and T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan
Services, Inc.
KARA M. CHESEBY, 10/9/63, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Vice President at Legg Mason Wood Walker; Chartered Financial
Analysis
STEPHANIE C. CLANCY, 12/19/64, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
DAVID R. GIROUX, 6/8/75, Vice President-Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly
Commercial Credit Analyst with Hillsdale National Bank
MICHAEL W. HOLTON, 9/25/68, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
formerly Research Analyst at Bowles, Hollowell, Conner and Company; Chartered
Financial Analyst
RICHARD P. HOWARD, 9/16/46, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price;
Chartered Financial Analyst
DAVID J. WALLACK, 7/2/60, Vice President-Vice President, T. Rowe Price
Compensation Table
The funds do not pay pension or retirement benefits to their independent
officers or directors/trustees. Also, any director/trustee of a fund who is
an officer or employee of T. Rowe Price or Price-Fleming does not receive any
remuneration from the fund.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name of Person, Aggregate Compensation from Total Compensation from Fund and
Position Fund(a) Fund Complex Paid to Directors/ Trustees(b)
- -------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- -----------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
<C> <S> <S>
Balanced Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,535 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,990 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,990 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,990 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,535 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blue Chip Growth Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $2,512 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 3,733 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 3,733 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 3,733 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 2,512 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capital Appreciation Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,264 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,507 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,507 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,507 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,264 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capital Opportunity Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,028 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,083 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,083 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,083 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,028 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,013 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,056 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,056 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,056 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,013 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dividend Growth Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,357 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,670 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,670 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,670 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,357 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity Income Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Trustee $4,784 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Trustee 7,788 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Trustee 7,788 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Trustee 7,788 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Trustee 4,784 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity Index 500 Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,808 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 3,371 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 3,371 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 3,371 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,807 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Extended Equity Market Index Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,007 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,043 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,043 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,043 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,007 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial Services Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director -- $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director $1,087 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,087 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,087 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director -- 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Growth & Income Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $2,021 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 2,861 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 2,861 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 2,861 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 2,021 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Growth Stock Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $2,435 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 3,563 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 3,563 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 3,563 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 2,435 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health Sciences Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,076 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,171 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,171 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,171 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,076 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,053 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,128 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,128 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,128 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,053 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Media & Telecommunications Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,045 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,044 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,044 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,044 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,045 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mid-Cap Growth Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $2,106 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,098 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,098 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,098 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 2,106 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mid-Cap Value Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,053 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,130 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,130 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,130 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,053 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New America Growth Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Trustee $1,565 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Trustee 2,048 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Trustee 2,048 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Trustee 2,046 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Trustee 1,565 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Era Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,299 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,566 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,566 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,566 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,299 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Horizons Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $2,375 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 3,487 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 3,487 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 3,487 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 2,375 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real Estate Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,008 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,040 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,040 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,040 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,008 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Science & Technology Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $2,826 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 4,288 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 4,288 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 4,288 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 2,826 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small-Cap Stock Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,357 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,673 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,673 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,673 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,357 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small-Cap Value Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,392 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,740 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,740 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,740 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,392 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Equity Market Index Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,029 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,086 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,086 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,086 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,029 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Value Fund
Donald W. Dick, Jr., Director $1,235 $82,000
David K. Fagin, Director 1,454 65,000
Hanne M. Merriman, Director 1,454 65,000
Hubert D. Vos, Director 1,454 66,000
Paul M. Wythes, Director 1,235 80,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(a) Amounts in this column are based on accrued compensation for calendar
year 1999.
(b) Amounts in this column are based on compensation received from January
1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. The T. Rowe Price complex included 88 funds
as of December 31, 1999.
All Funds
The fund's Executive Committee, consisting of the fund's interested
directors/trustees, has been authorized by its respective Board of
Directors/Trustees to exercise all powers of the Board to manage the funds in
the intervals between meetings of the Board, except the powers prohibited by
statute from being delegated.
PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As of the date of the prospectus, the officers and directors/trustees of the
fund, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the fund.
As of January 31, 2000, the following shareholders beneficially owned more
than 5% of the outstanding shares of the fund:
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth Fund: Atlantic Trust Company NA, Nominee
Account, 100 Federal Street, 37th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02110-1802;
St. Joe Co. Salaried Pension Plan, 1650 Prudential Drive, Ste. 400,
Jacksonville, Florida 32207-8166; Pell Rudman Trust Co. NA, Nominee Acct.,
Attn.: Mutual Funds, 100 Federal St., 37th Fl., Boston, Massachusetts
02110-1802; Stichting Pensioenfonds, Van de Koninklijke Nedlloyd, P.O. Box
1982, 3000 BZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands; CIBC World Markets Agt. for CIBC,
Mellon Trust Co. Tr., Nexfor Master Investment Trust Funds, 161 Bay St., P.O.
Box 500, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5J2S8;
New America Growth Fund: Wilmington Trust Co. TR, FBO Continental Airlines
Inc., DCP Plan A/C #49277-0, c/o Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 8971, Wilmington,
Delaware 19899-8971;
<PAGE>
New Horizons Fund: Allfirst Trust Co. NA Cust. FBO City of New York Deferred
Compensation Plan, c/o Great-West Recordkeeper, 8515 E. Orchard Rd., Ste.
2T2, Englewood, Colorado 80111-5037;
Small-Cap Stock Fund: Norwest Bank Co. NA TR, FBO State of Minn. Def. Comp.
Plan, Minn. State Def. Comp. Plan Trust, c/o Great West Life Recordkeeper,
8515 E. Orchard Rd., Attn.: 2T2, Englewood, Colorado 80111-5037;
Blue Chip Growth, Growth & Income, Growth Stock, Mid-Cap Value, New Era, and
New Horizons Funds: Pirateline & Co., T. Rowe Price Associates, Attn.: Fund
Accounting Dept., 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202-1009;
Capital Appreciation, Mid-Cap Growth, New Era, Science & Technology,
Small-Cap Stock, and Value Funds: Charles Schwab & Co. Inc., Reinvest.
Account, Attn.: Mutual Funds Dept., 101 Montgomery St., San Francisco,
California 94104-4122;
Growth & Income and Science & Technology Funds: Manulife Financial USA, 200
Bloor St. East 7E Floor, Toronto, Ontario Canada M4WIE5, Attn.: Rosie Chuck,
SRS Accounting.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Services
Under the Management Agreement, T. Rowe Price provides the fund with
discretionary investment services. Specifically, T. Rowe Price is responsible
for supervising and directing the investments of the fund in accordance with
the fund's investment objectives, program, and restrictions as provided in
its prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information. T. Rowe Price is
also responsible for effecting all security transactions on behalf of the
fund, including the negotiation of commissions and the allocation of
principal business and portfolio brokerage. In addition to these services, T.
Rowe Price provide the fund with certain corporate administrative services,
including: maintaining the fund's corporate existence and corporate records;
registering and qualifying fund shares under federal laws; monitoring the
financial, accounting, and administrative functions of the fund; maintaining
liaison with the agents employed by the fund such as the fund's custodian and
transfer agent; assisting the fund in the coordination of such agents'
activities; and permitting T. Rowe Price's employees to serve as officers,
directors/trustees, and committee members of the fund without cost to the
fund.
The Management Agreement also provides that T. Rowe Price, its
directors/trustees, officers, employees, and certain other persons performing
specific functions for the fund will only be liable to the fund for losses
resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless
disregard of duty.
All Funds except Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, Total Equity
Market Index, and Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth Funds
Management Fee
The fund pays T. Rowe Price a fee ("Fee") which consists of two components: a
Group Management Fee ("Group Fee") and an Individual Fund Fee ("Fund Fee").
The Fee is paid monthly to T. Rowe Price on the first business day of the
next succeeding calendar month and is calculated as described next.
The monthly Group Fee ("Monthly Group Fee") is the sum of the daily Group Fee
accruals ("Daily Group Fee Accruals") for each month. The Daily Group Fee
Accrual for any particular day is computed by multiplying the Price Funds'
group fee accrual as determined below ("Daily Price Funds' Group Fee
Accrual") by the ratio of the Price Fund's net assets for that day to the sum
of the aggregate net assets of the Price Funds for that day. The Daily Price
Funds' Group Fee Accrual for any particular day is calculated by multiplying
the fraction of one (1) over the number of calendar days in the year by the
annualized Daily Price Funds' Group Fee Accrual for that day as determined in
accordance with the following schedule:
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
Price Funds' Annual Group Base Fee Rate for Each
Level of Assets
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
0.480% First $1 billion 0.360% Next $2 billion 0.310% Next $16 billion
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.450% Next $1 billion 0.350% Next $2 billion 0.305% Next $30 billion
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.420% Next $1 billion 0.340% Next $5 billion 0.300% Next $40 billion
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.390% Next $1 billion 0.330% Next $10 billion 0.295% Thereafter
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.370% Next $1 billion 0.320% Next $10 billion
</TABLE>
For the purpose of calculating the Group Fee, the Price Funds include all the
mutual funds distributed by Investment Services, (excluding the T. Rowe Price
Spectrum Funds, and any institutional, index, or private label mutual funds).
For the purpose of calculating the Daily Price Funds' Group Fee Accrual for
any particular day, the net assets of each Price Fund are determined in
accordance with the funds' prospectus as of the close of business on the
previous business day on which the fund was open for business.
The monthly Fund Fee ("Monthly Fund Fee") is the sum of the daily Fund Fee
accruals ("Daily Fund Fee Accruals") for each month. The Daily Fund Fee
Accrual for any particular day is computed by multiplying the fraction of one
(1) over the number of calendar days in the year by the individual Fund Fee
Rate and multiplying this product by the net assets of the fund for that day,
as determined in accordance with the fund's prospectus as of the close of
business on the previous business day on which the fund was open for
business. The individual fund fees of each fund are listed in the following
chart:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
Balanced Fund 0.15%
Blue Chip Growth Fund 0.30%
Capital Appreciation Fund 0.30%
Capital Opportunity Fund 0.35%
Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund 0.35%
Dividend Growth Fund 0.20%
Equity Income Fund 0.25%
Financial Services Fund 0.35%
Growth & Income Fund 0.25%
Growth Stock Fund 0.25%
Health Sciences Fund 0.35%
Media & Telecommunications Fund 0.35%
Mid-Cap Growth Fund 0.35%
Mid-Cap Value Fund 0.35%
New America Growth Fund 0.35%
New Era Fund 0.25%
New Horizons Fund 0.35%
Real Estate Fund 0.30%
Small-Cap Stock Fund 0.45%
Science & Technology Fund 0.35%
Small-Cap Value Fund 0.35%
Value Fund 0.35%
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
The following chart sets forth the total management fees, if any, paid to T.
Rowe Price by each fund, during the last three years:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Fund 1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balanced $ 9,154,000 $ 6,809,000 $ 5,317,000
Blue Chip Growth 34,536,000 19,869,000 8,706,000
Capital Appreciation 5,793,000 3,939,000 3,861,000
Capital Opportunity 763,000 991,000 899,000
Diversified Small-Cap Growth 292,000 325,000 81,000
Dividend Growth 6,522,000 5,482,000 2,659,000
Equity Income 75,676,000 77,394,000 60,406,000
Equity Index 500 8,301,000 4,169,000 2,516,000
Extended Equity Market Index* 131,000 50,000 (a)
Financial Services 1,266,000 1,582,000 636,000
Growth & Income 20,605,000 20,258,000 17,390,000
Growth Stock 29,222,000 25,573,000 22,078,000
Health Sciences 2,038,000 1,926,000 1,811,000
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth 1,238,000 633,000 117,000
Media & Telecommunications ( c) 3,144,000 1,301,000 1,783,000
Mid-Cap Growth 27,412,000 16,692,000 8,533,000
Mid-Cap Value 1,427,000 1,596,000 728,000
New America Growth 13,511,000 12,703,000 10,541,000
New Era 6,131,000 7,211,000 9,144,000
New Horizons 33,020,000 33,743,000 31,439,000
Real Estate (b) (b) (b)
Science & Technology 47,361,000 24,865,000 24,246,000
Small-Cap Stock 10,276,000 7,791,000 4,405,000
Small-Cap Value 9,213,000 13,021,000 11,594,000
Total Equity Market Index* 512,000 111,000 (a)
Value 5,699,000 5,176,000 2,597,000
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
(b) Due to each fund's expense limitation in effect at that time, no
management fees were paid by the funds to T. Rowe Price.
(c) Fees listed were paid under this fund's previous management
agreement, prior to becoming an open-end mutual fund.
* All-inclusive fee including Investment Management Fees and
Administrative Expenses.
The Management Agreement between the fund and T. Rowe Price provides that the
fund will bear all expenses of its operations not specifically assumed by T.
Rowe Price.
The following chart sets forth expense ratio limitations and the periods for
which they are effective. For each, T. Rowe Price has agreed to bear any fund
expenses which would cause the fund's ratio of expenses to average net assets
to exceed the indicated percentage limitations. The expenses borne by T. Rowe
Price are subject to reimbursement by the fund through the indicated
reimbursement date, provided no reimbursement will be made if it would result
in the fund's expense ratio exceeding its applicable limitation.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Expense Reimbursement
Fund Limitation Period ------- -------------
---- ----------------- Ratio Date
- ------------------------------------------------ ----- ----
Limitation
----------
-------------------------------
<S> <S> <C> <S>
Blue Chip Growth March 31, 2000 -
Fund-Advisor Class December 31, 2001 1.05% December 31, 2003
Diversified Small-Cap January 1, 1999 -
Growth(a) December 31, 2000 1.25% December 31, 2002
Equity Income March 31,
Fund-Advisor Class 2000-December 31, 2001 1.00% December 31, 2003
0.
January 1, 2000 - 35
Equity Index 500(b) December 31, 2000 % December 31, 2001
September 30, 1996 -
Financial Services December 31, 1998 1.25% December 31, 2000
December 31, 1995 -
Health Sciences December 31, 1997 1.35% December 31, 1999
Institutional December 31, 2001 -
Large-Cap Value December 31, 2003 0.65% December 31, 2003
Institutional December 31, 2001 - 0.75
Small-Cap Stock December 31, 2003 % December 31, 2003
Institutional Mid-Cap July 31, 1996 -
Equity Growth December 31, 1997 0.85% December 31, 1999
Mid-Cap Growth March 31, 2000 -
Fund-Advisor Class December 31, 2001 1.10% December 31, 2003
June 28, 1996 -
Mid-Cap Value December 31, 1997 1.25% December 31, 1999
January 1, 2000 -
Real Estate(c) December 31, 2001 1.00% December 31, 2003
Science & Technology March 31, 2000 -
Fund-Advisor Class December 31, 2001 1.15% December 31, 2003
Small-Cap Stock March 31, 2000 -
Fund-Advisor Class December 31, 2001 1.20% December 31, 2003
Small-Cap Value March 31, 2000 -
Fund-Advisor Class December 31, 2001 1.15% December 31, 2003
Value Fund-Advisor March 31, 2000 - 1.10% December 31, 2003
Class December 31, 2001
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(a) The Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund previously operated under a
1.25% limitation that expired December 31, 1998. The reimbursement
period for this limitation extends through December 31, 2000.
(b) The Equity Index 500 Fund previously operated under a 0.40% limitation
that expired December 31, 1999. The reimbursement period for this
limitation extends through December 31, 2001.
(c) The Real Estate Fund previously operated under a 1.00% limitation that
expired December 31, 1999. The reimbursement period for this limitation
extends through December 31, 2001.
Each of the above-referenced fund's Management Agreement also provides that
one or more additional expense limitations periods (of the same or different
time periods) may be implemented after the expiration of the current expense
limitation, and that with respect to any such additional limitation period,
the fund may reimburse T. Rowe Price, provided the reimbursement does not
result in the fund's aggregate expenses exceeding the additional expense
limitation.
Pursuant to the Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund's current expense
limitation, $114,000 of management fees were not accrued for the year ended
December 31, 1999. Additionally, $240,000 of unaccrued management fees
related to a previous limitation are subject to reimbursement through
December 31, 2000.
Pursuant to the Equity Index 500 Fund's current expense limitation, $317,000
of management fees were not accrued by the fund for the year ended December
31, 1999. Additionally, $955,000 of unaccrued management fees remain subject
to reimbursement through December 31, 2001.
Pursuant to the Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth Fund's previous expense
limitation, $32,000 of unaccrued management fees were repaid by the fund
during the year ended December 31, 1999.
Pursuant to the Real Estate Fund's current expense limitation, $164,000 of
management fees were not accrued by the fund for the year ended December 31,
1999, and $38,000 of other expenses were borne by the Manager. Additionally,
$286,000 of unaccrued fees and expenses remain subject to reimbursement
through December 31, 2001.
<PAGE>
Management Fee
Equity Index 500 Fund
The fund pays T. Rowe Price an annual investment management fee in monthly
installments of 0.20% of the average daily net asset value of the fund.
Extended Equity Market Index and Total Equity Market Index Funds
Each fund pays T. Rowe Price an annual all-inclusive fee in monthly
installments of 0.40% of the average daily net assets of the fund.
Institutional Large-Cap Value Fund
The fund pays T. Rowe Price an annual investment management fee in monthly
installments of 0.55% of the average daily net asset value of the fund.
Institutional Small-Cap Stock Fund
The fund pays T. Rowe Price an annual investment management fee in monthly
installments of 0.65% of the average daily net asset value of the fund.
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth Fund
The fund pays T. Rowe Price an annual investment management fee in monthly
installments of 0.60% of the average daily net asset value of the fund.
Blue Chip Growth, Equity Income, Growth & Income, Growth Stock, Mid-Cap
Value, New Era, and New Horizons Funds
T. Rowe Price Spectrum Fund, Inc.
The funds listed above are a party to a Special Servicing Agreement
("Agreement") between and among T. Rowe Price Spectrum Fund, Inc. ("Spectrum
Fund"), T. Rowe Price, and various other T. Rowe Price funds which, along
with such fund, are funds in which Spectrum Fund invests (collectively all
such funds "Underlying Price Funds").
Each Agreement provides that, if the Board of Directors/Trustees of any
Underlying Price Fund determines that such Underlying Fund's share of the
aggregate expenses of Spectrum Fund is less than the estimated savings to the
Underlying Price Fund from the operation of Spectrum Fund, the Underlying
Price Fund will bear those expenses in proportion to the average daily value
of its shares owned by Spectrum Fund, provided further that no Underlying
Price Fund will bear such expenses in excess of the estimated savings to it.
Such savings are expected to result primarily from the elimination of
numerous separate shareholder accounts which are or would have been invested
directly in the Underlying Price Funds and the resulting reduction in
shareholder servicing costs. Although such cost savings are not certain, the
estimated savings to the Underlying Price Funds generated by the operation of
Spectrum Fund are expected to be sufficient to offset most, if not all, of
the expenses incurred by Spectrum Fund.
Management Related Services
As noted above, the Management Agreement spells out the expenses to be paid
by the fund. In addition to the Management Fee, the fund pays for the
following: shareholder service expenses; custodial, accounting, legal, and
audit fees; costs of preparing and printing prospectuses and reports sent to
shareholders; registration fees and expenses; proxy and annual meeting
expenses (if any); and director/trustee fees and expenses.
T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price,
acts as the fund's transfer and dividend disbursing agent and provides
shareholder and administrative services. Services for certain types of
retirement plans are provided by T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services,
Inc., also a wholly owned subsidiary. The address for each is 100 East Pratt
St., Baltimore, MD 21202. Additionally, T. Rowe Price, under a separate
agreement with the funds, provides accounting services to the funds.
The funds paid the expenses shown in the following table for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 1999, to T. Rowe Price and its affiliates.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Transfer Agent and Retirement Accounting
Fund Shareholder Services Subaccounting Services
---- -------------------- Services --------
--------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balanced $ 664,000 $ 4,236,000 $ 99,000
Blue Chip Growth 4,966,000 7,221,000 64,000
Capital Appreciation 714,000 1,065,000 89,000
Capital Opportunity 269,000 32,000 64,000
Diversified Small-Cap
Growth 216,000 -- 64,000
Dividend Growth 1,702,000 347,000 69,000
Equity Income 6,998,000 11,740,000 89,000
Equity Index 500 2,907,000 3,922,000 67,000
Extended Equity Market
Index -- -- --
Financial Services 444,000 84,000 64,000
Growth & Income 2,535,000 2,564,000 89,000
Growth Stock 2,814,000 3,927,000 109,000
Health Sciences 779,000 68,000 64,000
Institutional Mid-Cap
Equity Growth 9,000 -- 64,000
Media & Telecommunications 692,000 48,000 64,000
Mid-Cap Growth 2,723,000 2,758,000 64,000
Mid-Cap Value 486,000 35,000 64,000
New America Growth 1,325,000 2,938,000 74,000
New Era 980,000 209,000 76,000
New Horizons 3,623,000 5,129,000 100,000
Real Estate 104,000 2,000 64,000
Science & Technology 5,664,000 4,266,000 74,000
Small-Cap Stock 1,239,000 254,000 89,000
Small-Cap Value 1,113,000 1,479,000 64,000
Total Equity Market Index -- -- --
Value 1,062,000 376,000 64,000
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
SERVICES BY OUTSIDE PARTIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The shares of some fund shareholders are held in omnibus accounts maintained
by various third parties, including retirement plan sponsors, insurance
companies, banks and broker-dealers. The fund has adopted an administrative
fee payment ("AFP") program that authorizes the fund to make payments to
these third parties. The payments are made for transfer agent, recordkeeping
and other administrative services provided by, or on behalf of, the third
parties with respect to such shareholders and the omnibus accounts. Under the
AFP program, the funds paid the amounts set forth below to various third
parties in 1999.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
Balanced Fund $ 26,898.02
Blue Chip Growth Fund 597,491.11
Capital Appreciation Fund 5,964.31
Capital Opportunity Fund 545.90
Dividend Growth Fund 17,614.87
Equity Income Fund 1,354,078.59
Equity Index 500 Fund 70,762.76
Financial Services Fund 2,112.67
Growth & Income Fund 605,404.26
Growth Stock Fund 139,865.43
Health Sciences Fund 2,266.12
Mid-Cap Growth Fund 653,595.85
Mid-Cap Value Fund 513.46
New America Growth Fund 150,058.86
New Era Fund 22,333.50
New Horizons Fund 645,172.38
Science & Technology Fund 692,990.91
Small-Cap Stock Fund 200,984.26
Small-Cap Value Fund 106,534.07
Value Fund 9,085.32
</TABLE>
Each Advisor Class has adopted an Advisor Class administrative fee payment
program ("Advisor Class AFP") under which various intermediaries, including
intermediaries receiving 12b-1 payments, may receive payments from the
Advisor Class in addition to 12b-1 fees for providing various recordkeeping
and transfer agent type services to the Advisor classes and/or shareholders
thereof. These services include: mailings of fund prospectuses, reports,
notices, proxies, and other materials to shareholders; transmission of net
purchase and redemption orders; maintenance of separate records for
shareholders reflecting purchases, redemptions, and share balances; mailing
of shareholder confirmations and periodic statements; and telephone services
in connection with the above.
All Funds
DISTRIBUTOR FOR THE FUNDS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment Services, a Maryland corporation formed in 1980 as a wholly owned
subsidiary of T. Rowe Price, serves as the fund's distributor. Investment
Services is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 and is a member of the National Association of Securities Dealers,
Inc. The offering of the fund's shares is continuous.
Investment Services is located at the same address as the fund and T. Rowe
Price-100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
Investment Services serves as distributor to the fund pursuant to an
Underwriting Agreement ("Underwriting Agreement"), which provides that the
fund will pay all fees and expenses in connection with: necessary state
filings; preparing, setting in type, printing, and mailing its prospectuses
and reports to shareholders; and issuing its shares, including expenses of
confirming purchase orders.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that Investment Services will pay all
fees and expenses in connection with: printing and distributing prospectuses
and reports for use in offering and selling fund shares; preparing, setting
in type, printing, and mailing all sales literature and advertising;
Investment Services' federal and state registrations as a broker-dealer; and
offering and selling shares, except for those fees and expenses specifically
assumed by the fund. Investment Services' expenses are paid by T. Rowe Price.
<PAGE>
Investment Services acts as the agent of the fund in connection with the sale
of its shares in the various states in which Investment Services is qualified
as a broker-dealer. Under the Underwriting Agreement, Investment Services
accepts orders for fund shares at net asset value. No sales charges are paid
by investors or the fund.
Blue Chip Growth, Equity Income, Mid-Cap Growth, Science & Technology,
Small-Cap Stock, Small-Cap Value, Value Advisor Classes
Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan
The fund Directors/Trustees adopted a Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 on February
9, 2000 with respect to each Advisor Class. Each Plan provides that the
Advisor Class may compensate Investment Services or such other persons as the
fund or Investment Services designates, to finance any or all of the
distribution, shareholder servicing, maintenance of shareholder accounts,
and/or other administrative services with respect to Advisor Class shares. It
is expected that most, if not all, payments under the Plan will be made
(either directly, or indirectly through Investment Services) to brokers,
dealers, banks, insurance companies, and intermediaries other than Investment
Services. Under the Plan, each Advisor Class pays a fee at the annual rate of
up to 0.25% of that class's average daily net assets. Normally, the full
amount of the fee is paid to the intermediary on shares sold through that
intermediary. However, a lesser amount may be paid based on the level of
services provided. Intermediaries may use the payments for, among other
purposes, compensating employees engaged in sales and/or shareholder
servicing of the Advisor Class, as well as for a wide variety of other
purposes associated with supporting, distributing, and servicing the Advisor
Class shares. The amount of fees paid by an Advisor Class during any year may
be more or less than the cost of distribution and other services provided to
the Advisor Class and its investors. NASD rules limit the amount of annual
distribution and service fees that may be paid by a mutual fund and impose a
ceiling on the cumulative distribution fees paid. The Plan complies with
these rules.
The Plan requires that Investment Services provide, or cause to be provided,
to the fund Directors/Trustees for their review a quarterly written report
identifying the amounts expended by each Advisor Class and the purposes for
which such expenditures were made.
Prior to approving the Plan, the fund considered various factors relating to
the implementation of the Plan and determined that there is a reasonable
likelihood that the Plan will benefit each fund, its Advisor Class and the
Advisor Class's shareholders. The fund Directors/Trustees noted that to the
extent the Plan allows a fund to sell Advisor Class shares in markets to
which it would not otherwise have access, the Plan may result in additional
sales of fund shares. This may enable a fund to achieve economies of scale
that could reduce expenses. In addition, certain ongoing shareholder services
may be provided more effectively by intermediaries with which shareholders
have an existing relationship.
The Plan continues until March 31, 2001. The Plan is renewable thereafter
from year to year with respect to each fund, so long as its continuance is
approved at least annually (1) by the vote of a majority of the fund
Directors/Trustees and (2) by a vote of the majority of the Rule 12b-1
Directors/Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially
the amount of fees paid by any Advisor Class thereunder unless such amendment
is approved by a majority vote of the outstanding shares of such Advisor
Class and by the fund Directors/Trustees in the manner prescribed by Rule
12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The Plan is terminable with respect to an Advisor
Class at any time by a vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1
Directors/Trustees or by a majority vote of the outstanding shares in the
Advisor Class.
All Funds
CUSTODIAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State Street Bank and Trust Company is the custodian for the fund's U.S.
securities and cash, but it does not participate in the fund's investment
decisions. Portfolio securities purchased in the U.S. are maintained in the
custody of the Bank and may be entered into the Federal Reserve Book Entry
System, or the security depository system of the Depository Trust
Corporation. State Street Bank's main office is at 225 Franklin Street,
Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
<PAGE>
The fund (other than Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, and
Total Equity Market Index Funds) has entered into a Custodian Agreement with
The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A., London, pursuant to which portfolio
securities which are purchased outside the United States are maintained in
the custody of various foreign branches of The Chase Manhattan Bank and such
other custodians, including foreign banks and foreign securities depositories
as are approved in accordance with regulations under the 1940 Act. The
address for The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A., London is Woolgate House, Coleman
Street, London, EC2P 2HD, England.
CODE OF ETHICS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The fund's investment adviser (T. Rowe Price) has a written Code of Ethics
which requires all Access Persons to obtain prior clearance before engaging
in personal securities transactions. In addition, all Access Persons must
report their personal securities transactions within 10 days of their
execution. Access Persons will not be permitted to effect transactions in a
security: if there are pending client orders in the security; the security
has been purchased or sold by a client within seven calendar days; the
security is being considered for purchase for a client; a change has occurred
in T. Rowe Price's rating of the security within seven calendar days prior to
the date of the proposed transaction; or the security is subject to internal
trading restrictions. In addition, Access Persons are prohibited from
profiting from short-term trading (e.g., purchases and sales involving the
same security within 60 days). Any person becoming an Access Person must file
a statement of personal securities holdings within 10 days of this date. All
Access Persons are required to file an annual statement with respect to their
personal securities holdings. Any material violation of the Code of Ethics is
reported to the Board of the fund. The Board also reviews the administration
of the Code of Ethics on an annual basis.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment or Brokerage Discretion
Decisions with respect to the purchase and sale of portfolio securities on
behalf of the fund are made by T. Rowe Price. T. Rowe Price is also
responsible for implementing these decisions, including the negotiation of
commissions and the allocation of portfolio brokerage and principal business.
How Brokers and Dealers Are Selected
Equity Securities
In purchasing and selling equity securities, it is T. Rowe Price's policy to
obtain quality execution at the most favorable prices through responsible
brokers and dealers and at competitive commission rates where such rates are
negotiable. However, under certain conditions, the fund may pay higher
brokerage commissions in return for brokerage and research services. As a
general practice, over-the-counter orders are executed with market-makers. In
selecting among market-makers, T. Rowe Price generally seeks to select those
it believes to be actively and effectively trading the security being
purchased or sold. In selecting broker-dealers to execute the fund's
portfolio transactions, consideration is given to such factors as the price
of the security, the rate of the commission, the size and difficulty of the
order, the reliability, integrity, financial condition, general execution and
operational capabilities of competing brokers and dealers, their expertise in
particular markets and brokerage and research services provided by them. It
is not the policy of T. Rowe Price to seek the lowest available commission
rate where it is believed that a broker or dealer charging a higher
commission rate would offer greater reliability or provide better price or
execution.
Fixed Income Securities
Fixed income securities are generally purchased from the issuer or a primary
market-maker acting as principal for the securities on a net basis, with no
brokerage commission being paid by the client although the price usually
includes an undisclosed compensation. Transactions placed through dealers
serving as primary
<PAGE>
market-makers reflect the spread between the bid and asked prices. Securities
may also be purchased from underwriters at prices which include underwriting
fees.
With respect to equity and fixed income securities, T. Rowe Price may effect
principal transactions on behalf of the fund with a broker or dealer who
furnishes brokerage and/or research services, designate any such broker or
dealer to receive selling concessions, discounts, or other allowances, or
otherwise deal with any such broker or dealer in connection with the
acquisition of securities in underwritings. T. Rowe Price may receive
research services in connection with brokerage transactions, including
designations in fixed price offerings.
How Evaluations Are Made of the Overall Reasonableness of Brokerage Commissions
Paid
On a continuing basis, T. Rowe Price seeks to determine what levels of
commission rates are reasonable in the marketplace for transactions executed
on behalf of the fund. In evaluating the reasonableness of commission rates,
T. Rowe Price considers: (a) historical commission rates; (b) rates which
other institutional investors are paying, based on available public
information; (c) rates quoted by brokers and dealers; (d) the size of a
particular transaction, in terms of the number of shares, dollar amount, and
number of clients involved; (e) the complexity of a particular transaction in
terms of both execution and settlement; (f) the level and type of business
done with a particular firm over a period of time; and (g) the extent to
which the broker or dealer has capital at risk in the transaction.
Descriptions of Research Services Received From Brokers and Dealers
T. Rowe Price receives a wide range of research services from brokers and
dealers. These services include information on the economy, industries,
groups of securities, individual companies, statistical information,
accounting and tax law interpretations, political developments, legal
developments affecting portfolio securities, technical market action, pricing
and appraisal services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis,
performance analysis, and analysis of corporate responsibility issues. These
services provide both domestic and international perspective. Research
services are received primarily in the form of written reports, computer
generated services, telephone contacts, and personal meetings with security
analysts. In addition, such services may be provided in the form of meetings
arranged with corporate and industry spokespersons, economists, academicians,
and government representatives. In some cases, research services are
generated by third parties but are provided to T. Rowe Price by or through
broker-dealers.
Research services received from brokers and dealers are supplemental to T.
Rowe Price's own research effort and, when utilized, are subject to internal
analysis before being incorporated by T. Rowe Price into its investment
process. As a practical matter, it would not be possible for T. Rowe Price's
Equity Research Division to generate all of the information presently
provided by brokers and dealers. T. Rowe Price pays cash for certain research
services received from external sources. T. Rowe Price also allocates
brokerage for research services which are available for cash. While receipt
of research services from brokerage firms has not reduced T. Rowe Price's
normal research activities, the expenses of T. Rowe Price could be materially
increased if it attempted to generate such additional information through its
own staff. To the extent that research services of value are provided by
brokers or dealers, T. Rowe Price may be relieved of expenses which it might
otherwise bear.
T. Rowe Price has a policy of not allocating brokerage business in return for
products or services other than brokerage or research services. In accordance
with the provisions of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
T. Rowe Price may from time to time receive services and products which serve
both research and non-research functions. In such event, T. Rowe Price makes
a good faith determination of the anticipated research and non-research use
of the product or service and allocates brokerage only with respect to the
research component.
Commissions to Brokers Who Furnish Research Services
Certain brokers and dealers who provide quality brokerage and execution
services also furnish research services to T. Rowe Price. With regard to the
payment of brokerage commissions, T. Rowe Price has adopted a brokerage
allocation policy embodying the concepts of Section 28(e) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, which permits an investment adviser to cause an account
to pay commission rates in excess of those another broker or dealer would
have charged for effecting the same transaction, if the adviser determines in
good faith
<PAGE>
that the commission paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the
brokerage and research services provided. The determination may be viewed in
terms of either the particular transaction involved or the overall
responsibilities of the adviser with respect to the accounts over which it
exercises investment discretion. Accordingly, while T. Rowe Price cannot
readily determine the extent to which commission rates or net prices charged
by broker-dealers reflect the value of their research services, T. Rowe Price
would expect to assess the reasonableness of commissions in light of the
total brokerage and research services provided by each particular broker. T.
Rowe Price may receive research, as defined in Section 28(e), in connection
with selling concessions and designations in fixed price offerings in which
the funds participate.
Internal Allocation Procedures
T. Rowe Price has a policy of not precommitting a specific amount of business
to any broker or dealer over any specific time period. Historically, the
majority of brokerage placement has been determined by the needs of a
specific transaction such as market-making, availability of a buyer or seller
of a particular security, or specialized execution skills. However, T. Rowe
Price does have an internal brokerage allocation procedure for that portion
of its discretionary client brokerage business where special needs do not
exist, or where the business may be allocated among several brokers or
dealers which are able to meet the needs of the transaction.
Each year, T. Rowe Price assesses the contribution of the brokerage and
research services provided by brokers or dealers, and attempts to allocate a
portion of its brokerage business in response to these assessments. Research
analysts, counselors, various investment committees, and the Trading
Department each seek to evaluate the brokerage and research services they
receive from brokers or dealers and make judgments as to the level of
business which would recognize such services. In addition, brokers or dealers
sometimes suggest a level of business they would like to receive in return
for the various brokerage and research services they provide. Actual
brokerage received by any firm may be less than the suggested allocations but
can, and often does, exceed the suggestions, because the total business is
allocated on the basis of all the considerations described above. In no case
is a broker or dealer excluded from receiving business from T. Rowe Price
because it has not been identified as providing research services.
Miscellaneous
T. Rowe Price's brokerage allocation policy is consistently applied to all
its fully discretionary accounts, which represent a substantial majority of
all assets under management. Research services furnished by brokers or
dealers through which T. Rowe Price effects securities transactions may be
used in servicing all accounts (including non-fund accounts) managed by T.
Rowe Price. Conversely, research services received from brokers or dealers
which execute transactions for the fund are not necessarily used by T. Rowe
Price exclusively in connection with the management of the fund.
From time to time, orders for clients may be placed through a computerized
transaction network.
The fund does not allocate business to any broker-dealer on the basis of its
sales of the fund's shares. However, this does not mean that broker-dealers
who purchase fund shares for their clients will not receive business from the
fund.
Some of T. Rowe Price's other clients have investment objectives and programs
similar to those of the fund. T. Rowe Price may occasionally make
recommendations to other clients which result in their purchasing or selling
securities simultaneously with the fund. As a result, the demand for
securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold may
increase, and this could have an adverse effect on the price of those
securities. It is T. Rowe Price's policy not to favor one client over another
in making recommendations or in placing orders. T. Rowe Price frequently
follows the practice of grouping orders of various clients for execution
which generally results in lower commission rates being attained. In certain
cases, where the aggregate order is executed in a series of transactions at
various prices on a given day, each participating client's proportionate
share of such order reflects the average price paid or received with respect
to the total order. T. Rowe Price has established a general investment policy
that it will ordinarily not make additional purchases of a common stock of a
company for its clients (including the T. Rowe Price funds) if, as a result
of
<PAGE>
such purchases, 10% or more of the outstanding common stock of such company
would be held by its clients in the aggregate.
At the present time, T. Rowe Price does not recapture commissions or
underwriting discounts or selling group concessions in connection with
taxable securities acquired in underwritten offerings. T. Rowe Price does,
however, attempt to negotiate elimination of all or a portion of the selling
group concession or underwriting discount when purchasing tax-exempt
municipal securities on behalf of its clients in underwritten offerings.
Trade Allocation Policies
T. Rowe Price has developed written trade allocation guidelines for its
Equity, Municipal, and Taxable Fixed Income Trading Desks. Generally, when
the amount of securities available in a public offering or the secondary
market is insufficient to satisfy the volume or price requirements for the
participating client portfolios, the guidelines require a pro-rata allocation
based upon the amounts initially requested by each portfolio manager. In
allocating trades made on combined basis, the Trading Desks seek to achieve
the same net unit price of the securities for each participating client.
Because a pro-rata allocation may not always adequately accommodate all facts
and circumstances, the guidelines provide for exceptions to allocate trades
on an adjusted, pro-rata basis. Examples of where adjustments may be made
include: (i) reallocations to recognize the efforts of a portfolio manager in
negotiating a transaction or a private placement; (ii) reallocations to
eliminate deminimis positions; (iii) priority for accounts with specialized
investment policies and objectives; and (iv) reallocations in light of a
participating portfolio's characteristics (e.g., industry or issuer
concentration, duration, and credit exposure).
Transactions With Related Brokers and Dealers
As provided in the Investment Management Agreement between the fund and T.
Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price is responsible not only for making decisions with
respect to the purchase and sale of the fund's portfolio securities, but also
for implementing these decisions, including the negotiation of commissions
and the allocation of portfolio brokerage and principal business. It is
expected that, from time to time, T. Rowe Price may place orders for the
fund's portfolio transactions with broker-dealer affiliates of Robert Fleming
Holdings Limited ("RF"), an affiliate of Price-Fleming. RF, through Copthall
Overseas Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary, owns 25% of the common stock of
Price-Fleming. Fifty percent of the common stock of Price-Fleming is owned by
TRP Finance, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price, and the
remaining 25% is owned by Jardine Fleming International Holdings Limited, a
wholly owned subsidiary of Jardine Fleming Group Limited ("JF"). JF is owned
by RF.
The Board of Directors/Trustees of the fund has authorized T. Rowe Price to
utilize certain affiliates of RF and JF in the capacity of broker in
connection with the execution of the fund's portfolio transactions. Other
affiliates of RF and JF also may be used. Although it does not believe that
the fund's use of these brokers would be subject to Section 17(e) of the 1940
Act, the Board of Directors/Trustees of the fund has agreed that the
procedures set forth in Rule 17e-1 under that Act will be followed when using
such brokers.
Other
For the years 1999, 1998, and 1997, the total brokerage commissions paid by
each fund, including the discounts received by securities dealers in
connection with underwritings, and the percentage of these commissions paid
to firms which provided research, statistical, or other services to T. Rowe
Price in connection with the management of each fund, or, in some cases, to
each fund, was as shown on the following page.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
Fund Commissions % Commissions % Commissions %
---- ----------- - ----------- - ----------- -
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balanced $ 720,000 10.6% $1,050,595 4.6% $ 1,276,793 9.7%
Blue Chip Growth 7,088,000 45.8 5,418,392 43.0 2,567,926 54.2
Capital Appreciation 1,142,000 38.4 1,630,383 45.7 1,734,274 35.4
Capital Opportunity 298,000 28.9 355,413 32.6 506,307 43.4
Diversified Small-Cap
Growth 75,000 1.5 94,322 0.5 107,676 0
Dividend Growth 1,420,000 57.5 1,936,978 59.4 1,620,702 42.3
Equity Income 9,653,000 45.3 6,883,655 35.2 8,137,149 59.3
Equity Index 500 378,000 0 258,633 0.5 150,827 0.0
Extended Equity Market
Index 27,000 0.4 27,382 0.2 (a) (a)
Financial Services 507,000 20.1 756,976 2.0 839,766 3.2
Growth & Income 2,428,000 35.8 2,272,536 28.4 2,971,378 29.1
Growth Stock 8,923,000 42.5 8,459,575 42.0 5,523,460 53.9
Health Sciences 593,000 33.1 333,803 54.8 1,040,908 31.2
Institutional Mid-Cap
Equity Growth 654,000 34.7 255,381 29.4 140,756 21.9
Media &
Telecommunications 2,041,000 12.9 740,649 9.1 357,871 26.8
Mid-Cap Growth 12,136,000 35.1 5,757,447 34.8 4,686,813 32.3
Mid-Cap Value 303,000 37.1 391,302 46.7 364,072 36.4
New America Growth 4,556,000 17.1 4,150,396 14.2 3,220,413 26.6
New Era 2,122,000 52.3 1,871,968 57.9 3,029,701 43.0
New Horizons 12,816,000 4.2 8,448,650 5.0 10,028,310 10.3
Real Estate 59,000 37.4 162,606 13.8 35,421 0.8
Science & Technology 9,172,000 33.9 4,348,665 31.3 4,421,394 33.3
Small-Cap Stock 2,851,000 26.6 1,829,514 20.7 1,742,106 8.3
Small-Cap Value 998,000 46.1 1,488,300 32.1 2,503,146 19.1
Total Equity Market
Index 45,000 0 28,271 0.2 (a) (a)
Value 1,847,000 52.0 1,876,931 75.7 1,200,103 66.0
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
On December 31, 1999, the Balanced Fund held common stock of Goldman Sachs
with a value of $2,355,000 and common stock of Morgan Stanley with a value of
$9,964,000. The fund also held a bonds of Morgan Stanley, Lehman Brothers and
Paine Webber, with values of $3,853,000, $5,278,000, and $3,650,000,
respectively. In 1998, J.P. Morgan, Lehman Brothers, and GMAC were among the
fund's regular brokers or dealers as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940
Act. In 1997, J.P. Morgan, Lehman Brothers Holding, and GMAC were among the
fund's regular brokers or dealers as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940
Act.
On December 31, 1999, the Blue Chip Growth Fund held common stock of Goldman
Sachs, Bank America, and Morgan Stanley, with values of $11,425,000,
$23,588,000, and $57,957,000, respectively. In 1998 and 1997, Chase Manhattan
and Morgan Stanley were among the fund's regular brokers or dealers as
defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act.
On December 31, 1999, the Equity Income Fund held common stock of J.P.
Morgan, with a value of $126,625,000. In 1998 and 1997, Bankers Trust, Chase
Manhattan, J.P. Morgan, and Morgan Stanley (MTN) were among the fund's
regular brokers or dealers as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act.
On December 31, 1999, the Equity Index 500 Fund held common stock of Lehman
Brothers, with a value of $4,130,000. In 1998 and 1997, Bankers Trust;
Citicorp; Chase Manhattan, J.P. Morgan; and Merrill Lynch were among the
fund's regular brokers or dealers as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940
Act.
<PAGE>
On December 31, 1999, the Financial Services Fund held common stock of
Goldman Sachs, with a value of $2,261,000. In 1998 and 1997, Chase Manhattan;
First Chicago NBD, Morgan Stanley; and Nations Bank Montgomery were among the
fund's regular brokers or dealers as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940
Act.
On December 31, 1998, the Growth and Income Fund held common stock of Bear
Stearns, with a value of $22,156,000. In 1998 and 1997, Chase Manhattan; and
Citicorp were among the fund's regular brokers or dealers as defined in Rule
10b-1 under the 1940 Act.
On December 31, 1998, the Growth Stock Fund held common stock of Mellon Bank
valued at $19,703,000. In 1997, Mellon Bank was among the fund's regular
brokers or dealers as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act.
On December 31, 1998, the Growth & Income and Small-Cap Value Funds held
Morgan Stanley Group MTN, both valued at $10,010,000, respectively. In 1997,
The Morgan Stanley Group was among the funds' regular brokers or dealers as
defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act.
On December 31, 1999, the Total Market Index Fund held common stock in the
following companies: Goldman Sachs - $151,000, Lehman Brothers - $119,000,
and Donaldson, Lufkin and Jenrette - $73,000.
On December 31, 1999, the Extended Equity Market Index Fund held common stock
of Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, valued at $68,000.
On December 31, 1999, the Personal Strategy Balanced Portfolio held common
stock in the following companies: Goldman Sachs - $19,000 and Morgan Stanley
- $114,000. The fund also held a bond of Paine Webber, with a value of
$730,000.
On December 31,1999, the Equity Income Portfolio held common stock of Goldman
Sachs and Morgan stanley, with values of $565,000 and $47,000, respectively.
On December 31, 1999, the Value Fund held common stock of Bank of America,
with a value of $7,528,000.
On December 31, 1999, the Capital Opportunity Fund held common stock of Bank
of America and Morgan Stanley, with values of $703,000 and $879,000,
respectively.
On December 31, 1999, the Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund held common stock
of Investment Technology, with a value of $144,000.
The portfolio turnover rate for each fund for the years ended 1999, 1998, and
1997, was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Fund 1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balanced 20.7% 12.5% 15.5%
Blue Chip Growth 41.3 34.5 23.7
Capital Appreciation 28.3 52.6 48.3
Capital Opportunity 133.1 73.8 85.0
Diversified Small-Cap Growth 49.4 39.8 13.4
Dividend Growth 37.8 37.3 39.1
Equity Income 21.8 22.6 23.9
Equity Index 500 5.2 4.7 0.7
Extended Equity Market Index 23.4 26.3 (a)
Financial Services 37.1 46.8 46.0
Growth & Income 20.3 20.5 15.7
Growth Stock 55.8 54.8 40.9
Health Sciences 81.9 85.7 104.4
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth 55.4 52.8 41.0
Media & Telecommunications 57.6 48.9 38.6
Mid-Cap Growth 53.3 46.7 42.6
Mid-Cap Value 26.8% 32.0% 16.0%
New America Growth 39.7 45.6 43.2
New Era 32.5 23.1 27.5
New Horizons 44.7 41.2 45.2
Real Estate 26.9 56.8 8.4
Science & Technology 128.0 108.9 133.9
Small-Cap Stock 42.3 25.9 22.9
Small-Cap Value 7.3 17.3 14.6
Total Equity Market Index 3.2 1.9 (a)
Value 67.8 72.1 67.2
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
All Funds
PRICING OF SECURITIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity securities listed or regularly traded on a securities exchange are
valued at the last quoted sales price at the time the valuations are made. A
security that is listed or traded on more than one exchange is valued at the
quotation on the exchange determined to be the primary market for such
security. Listed securities not traded on a particular day and securities
regularly traded in the over-the-counter market are valued at the mean of the
latest bid and asked prices. Other equity securities are valued at a price
within the limits of the latest bid and asked prices deemed by the Board of
Directors/Trustees, or by persons delegated by the Board, best to reflect
fair value.
Debt securities are generally traded in the over-the-counter market and are
valued at a price deemed best to reflect fair value as quoted by dealers who
make markets in these securities or by an independent pricing service.
Short-term debt securities are valued at their amortized cost in local
currency which, when combined with accrued interest, approximates fair value.
Investments in mutual funds are valued at the closing net asset value per
share of the mutual fund on the day of valuation. In the absence of a last
sale price, purchased and written options are valued at the mean of the
latest bid and asked prices, respectively.
For the purposes of determining the fund's net asset value per share, the
U.S. dollar value of all assets and liabilities initially expressed in
foreign currencies is determined by using the mean of the bid and offer
prices of such currencies against U.S. dollars quoted by a major bank.
Assets and liabilities for which the above valuation procedures are
inappropriate or are deemed not to reflect fair value, are stated at fair
value as determined in good faith by or under the supervision of the officers
of the fund, as authorized by the Board of Directors/Trustees.
All Funds
NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The purchase and redemption price of the fund's shares is equal to the fund's
net asset value per share or share price. The fund determines its net asset
value per share by subtracting its liabilities (including accrued expenses
and dividends payable) from its total assets (the market value of the
securities the fund holds plus cash and other assets, including income
accrued but not yet received) and dividing the result by the total number of
shares outstanding. The net asset value per share of the fund is normally
calculated as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE")
every day the NYSE is open for trading. The NYSE is
<PAGE>
closed on the following days: New Year's Day, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Holiday, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor
Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Determination of net asset value (and the offering, sale redemption and
repurchase of shares) for the fund may be suspended at times (a) during which
the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings, (b)
during which trading on the NYSE is restricted, (c) during which an emergency
exists as a result of which disposal by the fund of securities owned by it is
not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the fund
fairly to determine the value of its net assets, or (d) during which a
governmental body having jurisdiction over the fund may by order permit such
a suspension for the protection of the fund's shareholders; provided that
applicable rules and regulations of the SEC (or any succeeding governmental
authority) shall govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (b), (c),
or (d) exist.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unless you elect otherwise, the fund's capital gain distributions, final
quarterly dividend (Balanced, Dividend Growth, Equity Income, Equity Index
500, Growth & Income, Mid-Cap Value, and Real Estate Funds) and annual
dividend (other funds), if any, will be reinvested on the reinvestment date
using the NAV per share of that date. The reinvestment date normally precedes
the payment date by one day, although the exact timing is subject to change
and can be as great as 10 days.
TAX STATUS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The fund intends to qualify as a "regulated investment company" under
Subchapter M of the Code.
A portion of the dividends paid by certain funds may be eligible for the
dividends-received deduction applicable to corporate shareholders. Long-term
capital gain distributions paid from these funds are never eligible for the
dividend received deduction. For tax purposes, it does not make any
difference whether dividends and capital gain distributions are paid in cash
or in additional shares. Each fund must declare dividends by December 31 of
each year equal to at least 98% of ordinary income (as of December 31) and
capital gains (as of October 31) in order to avoid a federal excise tax and
distribute within 12 months 100% of ordinary income and capital gains as of
December 31 to avoid a federal income tax.
At the time of your purchase, the fund's net asset value may reflect
undistributed capital gains or net unrealized appreciation of securities held
by the fund. A subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although
constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable as a capital gain
distribution. For federal income tax purposes, the fund is permitted to carry
forward its net realized capital losses, if any, for eight years and realize
net capital gains up to the amount of such losses without being required to
pay taxes on, or distribute, such gains.
If, in any taxable year, the fund should not qualify as a regulated
investment company under the code: (i) the fund would be taxed at normal
corporate rates on the entire amount of its taxable income, if any, without
deduction for dividends or other distributions to shareholders; and (ii) the
fund's distributions to the extent made out of the fund's current or
accumulated earnings and profits would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary
dividends (regardless of whether they would otherwise have been considered
capital gain dividends).
Taxation of Foreign Shareholders
The Code provides that dividends from net income will be subject to U.S. tax.
For shareholders who are not engaged in a business in the U.S., this tax
would be imposed at the rate of 30% upon the gross amount of the dividends in
the absence of a Tax Treaty providing for a reduced rate or exemption from
U.S. taxation. Distributions of net long-term capital gains realized by the
fund are not subject to tax unless the foreign shareholder is a nonresident
alien individual who was physically present in the U.S. during the tax year
for more than 182 days.
<PAGE>
All Funds except Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, and Total
Equity Market Index Funds
To the extent the fund invests in foreign securities, the following would
apply:
Passive Foreign Investment Companies
The fund may purchase the securities of certain foreign investment funds or
trusts called passive foreign investment companies. Such trusts have been the
only or primary way to invest in certain countries. In addition to bearing
their proportionate share of the trust's expenses (management fees and
operating expenses), shareholders will also indirectly bear similar expenses
of such trusts. Capital gains on the sale of such holdings are considered
ordinary income regardless of how long the fund held its investment. In
addition, the fund may be subject to corporate income tax and an interest
charge on certain dividends and capital gains earned from these investments,
regardless of whether such income and gains are distributed to shareholders.
To avoid such tax and interest, the fund intends to treat these securities as
sold on the last day of its fiscal year and recognize any gains for tax
purposes at that time; deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent
of any gains resulting from these deemed sales for prior taxable years. Such
gains and losses will be treated as ordinary income. The fund will be
required to distribute any resulting income even though it has not sold the
security and received cash to pay such distributions.
Foreign Currency Gains and Losses
Foreign currency gains and losses, including the portion of gain or loss on
the sale of debt securities attributable to foreign exchange rate
fluctuations, are taxable as ordinary income. If the net effect of these
transactions is a gain, the ordinary income dividend paid by the fund will be
increased. If the result is a loss, the income dividend paid by the fund will
be decreased, or to the extent such dividend has already been paid, it may be
classified as a return of capital. Adjustments to reflect these gains and
losses will be made at the end of the fund's taxable year.
All Funds
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Return Performance
The fund's calculation of total return performance includes the reinvestment
of all capital gain distributions and income dividends for the period or
periods indicated, without regard to tax consequences to a shareholder in the
fund. Total return is calculated as the percentage change between the
beginning value of a static account in the fund and the ending value of that
account measured by the then current net asset value, including all shares
acquired through reinvestment of income and capital gain dividends. The
results shown are historical and should not be considered indicative of the
future performance of the fund. Each average annual compound rate of return
is derived from the cumulative performance of the fund over the time period
specified. The annual compound rate of return for the fund over any other
period of time will vary from the average.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Cumulative Performance Percentage Change
1 Yr. 5 Yrs. 10 Yrs. % Since Inception
Fund ----- ------ ------- ------- ---------
---- Ended Ended Ended Inception Date
----- ----- ----- --------- ----
12/31/99 12/31/99 12/31/99 12/31/99
-------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <S>
Balanced 10.26% 117.66% 240.36% 43,539.29% 12/31/39
Blue Chip Growth 20.00 247.43 -- 300.39 06/30/93
Capital Appreciation 7.07 88.43 197.04 401.54 06/30/86
Capital Opportunity 11.50 153.49 -- 164.39 11/30/94
Diversified Small-Cap
Growth 27.69 -- -- 41.67 06/30/97
Dividend Growth -2.82 141.45 -- 194.54 12/30/92
Equity Income 3.82 134.55 275.25 686.44 10/31/85
Equity Index 500 20.64 246.02 -- 431.35 03/30/90
Extended Equity Market
Index 33.72 -- -- 50.16 01/30/98
Financial Services 1.70 -- -- 81.96 09/30/96
Growth & Income 3.78 131.90 252.56 808.57 12/21/82
Growth Stock 22.15 213.96 396.79 33,386.42 04/05/50
Health Sciences 7.97 -- -- 99.99 12/29/95
Institutional Mid-Cap
Equity Growth 25.10 -- -- 108.83 07/31/96
Media &
Telecommunications(a) 93.09 387.28 -- 370.41 10/13/93
Mid-Cap Growth 23.78 214.43 -- 395.76 06/30/92
Mid-Cap Value 3.52 -- -- 55.16 06/28/96
New America Growth 12.76 178.79 373.36 853.11 09/30/85
New Era 21.22 81.89 135.77 2,081.78 01/20/69
New Horizons 32.52 181.18 423.74 10,299.39 06/03/60
Real Estate -1.23 -- -- -9.33 10/31/97
Science & Technology 100.99 417.01 1,295.89 1,692.80 09/30/87
Small-Cap Stock 14.66 131.04 243.75 33,308.39 06/01/56
Small-Cap Value 1.19 82.51 219.36 262.71 06/30/88
Total Equity Market
Index 23.25 -- -- 51.84 01/30/98
Value 9.16 170.92 -- 179.33 09/30/94
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(a) Figures based on performance as a closed-end investment company traded
on the New York Stock Exchange.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Average Annual Compound Rates of Return
1 Yr. 5 Yrs. 10 Yrs. % Since Inception
Fund ----- ------ ------- ------- ---------
---- Ended Ended Ended Inception Date
----- ----- ----- --------- ----
12/31/99 12/31/99 12/31/99 12/31/99
-------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <S>
Balanced 10.26% 16.83% 13.03% 10.66% 12/31/39
Blue Chip Growth 20.00 28.28 -- 23.78 06/30/93
Capital Appreciation 7.07 13.51 11.50 12.68 06/30/86
Capital Opportunity 11.50 20.45 -- 21.07 11/30/94
Diversified Small-Cap
Growth 27.69 -- -- 14.93 06/30/97
Dividend Growth -2.82 19.28 -- 16.68 12/30/92
Equity Income 3.82 18.59 14.14 15.67 10/31/85
Equity Index 500 20.64 28.18 -- 18.67 03/30/90
Extended Equity Market
Index 33.72 -- -- 23.61 01/30/98
Financial Services 1.70 -- -- 20.21 09/30/96
Growth & Income 3.78 18.32 13.43 13.84 12/21/82
Growth Stock 22.15 25.71 17.39 12.40 04/05/50
Health Sciences 7.97 -- -- 18.89 12/29/95
Institutional Mid-Cap
Equity Growth 25.10 -- -- 24.04 07/31/96
Media &
Telecommunications(a) 93.09 37.26 -- 28.29 10/13/93
Mid-Cap Growth 23.78 25.75 -- 23.79 06/30/92
Mid-Cap Value 3.52 -- -- 13.33 06/28/96
New America Growth 12.76 22.76 16.82 17.14 09/30/85
New Era 21.22 12.71 8.96 10.47 01/20/69
New Horizons 32.52 22.97 18.01 12.45 06/03/60
Real Estate -1.23 -- -- -4.42 10/31/97
Science & Technology 100.99 38.90 30.16 26.57 09/30/87
Small-Cap Stock 14.66 18.23 13.14 14.26 06/01/56
Small-Cap Value 1.19 12.79 12.31 11.85 06/30/88
Total Equity Market Index 23.25 -- -- 24.33 01/30/98
Value 9.16 22.06 -- 21.61 09/30/94
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(a) Figures based on performance as a closed-end investment company traded
on the New York Stock Exchange.
Outside Sources of Information
From time to time, in reports and promotional literature: (1) the fund's
total return performance, ranking, or any other measure of the fund's
performance may be compared to any one or combination of the following: (a) a
broad-based index; (b) other groups of mutual funds, including T. Rowe Price
funds, tracked by independent research firms ranking entities, or financial
publications; (c) indices of securities comparable to those in which the fund
invests; (2) the Consumer Price Index (or any other measure for inflation,
government statistics, such as GNP may be used to illustrate investment
attributes of the fund or the general economic, business, investment, or
financial environment in which the fund operates; (3) various financial,
economic, and market statistics developed by brokers, dealers, and other
persons may be used to illustrate aspects of the fund's performance; (4) the
effect of tax-deferred compounding on the fund's investment returns, or on
returns in general in both qualified and nonqualified retirement plans or any
other tax advantage product, may be illustrated by graphs, charts, etc.; and
(5) the sectors or industries in which the fund invests may be compared to
relevant indices or surveys in order to evaluate the fund's historical
performance or current or potential value with respect to the particular
industry or sector.
<PAGE>
Other Publications
From time to time, in newsletters and other publications issued by Investment
Services, T. Rowe Price mutual fund portfolio managers may discuss economic,
financial, and political developments in the U.S. and abroad and how these
conditions have affected or may affect securities prices or the fund;
individual securities within the fund's portfolio; and their philosophy
regarding the selection of individual stocks, including why specific stocks
have been added, removed, or excluded from the fund's portfolio.
Other Features and Benefits
The fund is a member of the T. Rowe Price family of funds and may help
investors achieve various long-term investment goals, which include, but are
not limited to, investing money for retirement, saving for a down payment on
a home, or paying college costs. To explain how the fund could be used to
assist investors in planning for these goals and to illustrate basic
principles of investing, various worksheets and guides prepared by T. Rowe
Price and/or Investment Services may be made available.
No-Load Versus Load and 12b-1 Funds
Many mutual funds charge sales fees to investors or use fund assets to
finance distribution activities. These fees are in addition to the normal
advisory fees and expenses charged by all mutual funds. There are several
types of fees charged which vary in magnitude and which may often be used in
combination. A sales charge (or "load") can be charged at the time the fund
is purchased (front-end load) or at the time of redemption (back-end load).
Front-end loads are charged on the total amount invested. Back-end loads or
"redemption fees" are charged either on the amount originally invested or on
the amount redeemed. 12b-1 plans allow for the payment of marketing and sales
expenses from fund assets. These expenses are usually computed daily as a
fixed percentage of assets.
The T. Rowe Price funds, including the Advisor Classes, are considered to be
"no-load" funds. They impose no front-end or back-end sales loads. However,
the Advisor Classes do charge 12b-1 fees. Under applicable National
Association of Securities Dealers Regulation, Inc. ("NASDR") regulations,
mutual funds that have no front-end or deferred sales charges and whose total
asset-based charges for sales-related expenses and/or service fees (as
defined by NASDR) do not exceed 0.25% of average net assets per year may be
referred to as no-load funds.
Redemptions in Kind
The fund has filed a notice of election under Rule 18f-1 of the 1940 Act.
This permits the fund to effect redemptions in kind as set forth in its
prospectus.
In the unlikely event a shareholder were to receive an in kind redemption of
portfolio securities of the fund, it would be the responsibility of the
shareholder to dispose of the securities. The shareholder would be at risk
that the value of the securities would decline prior to their sale, that it
would be difficult to sell the securities and that brokerage fees could be
incurred.
Issuance of Fund Shares for Securities
Transactions involving issuance of fund shares for securities or assets other
than cash will be limited to (1) bona fide reorganizations; (2) statutory
mergers; or (3) other acquisitions of portfolio securities that: (a) meet the
investment objective and policies of the fund; (b) are acquired for
investment and not for resale except in accordance with applicable law; (c)
have a value that is readily ascertainable via listing on or trading in a
recognized United States or international exchange or market; and (d) are not
illiquid.
Balanced Fund
On August 31, 1992, the T. Rowe Price Balanced Fund acquired substantially
all of the assets of the Axe-Houghton Fund B, a series of Axe-Houghton Funds,
Inc. As a result of this acquisition, the SEC requires that the historical
performance information of the Balanced Fund be based on the performance of
Fund B. Therefore, all performance information of the Balanced Fund prior to
September 1, 1992, reflects the performance of Fund B and investment managers
other than T. Rowe Price. Performance information after August 31, 1992,
reflects the combined assets of the Balanced Fund and Fund B.
<PAGE>
Media & Telecommunications Fund
On July 28, 1997, the fund converted its status from a closed-end fund to an
open-end mutual fund. Prior to the conversion the fund was known as New Age
Media Fund, Inc.
Small-Cap Stock Fund
Effective May 1, 1997, the fund's name was changed from the T. Rowe Price OTC
Fund to the T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Stock Fund.
Equity Index 500 Fund
Effective January 30, 1998, the fund's name was changed from T. Rowe Price
Equity Index Fund to the T. Rowe Price Equity Index 500 Fund.
All Funds except Capital Appreciation, Equity Income and New America Growth
Funds
CAPITAL STOCK
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The fund's Charter authorizes the Board of Directors/Trustees to classify and
reclassify any and all shares which are then unissued, including unissued
shares of capital stock into any number of classes or series, each class or
series consisting of such number of shares and having such designations, such
powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations, and restrictions,
as shall be determined by the Board subject to the 1940 Act and other
applicable law. The shares of any such additional classes or series might
therefore differ from the shares of the present class and series of capital
stock and from each other as to preferences, conversions or other rights,
voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications or
terms or conditions of redemption, subject to applicable law, and might thus
be superior or inferior to the capital stock or to other classes or series in
various characteristics. The Board of Directors/Trustees may increase or
decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of
stock of any class or series that the fund has authorized to issue without
shareholder approval.
Except to the extent that the fund's Board of Directors/Trustees might
provide by resolution that holders of shares of a particular class are
entitled to vote as a class on specified matters presented for a vote of the
holders of all shares entitled to vote on such matters, there would be no
right of class vote unless and to the extent that such a right might be
construed to exist under Maryland law. The Charter contains no provision
entitling the holders of the present class of capital stock to a vote as a
class on any matter. Accordingly, the preferences, rights, and other
characteristics attaching to any class of shares, including the present class
of capital stock, might be altered or eliminated, or the class might be
combined with another class or classes, by action approved by the vote of the
holders of a majority of all the shares of all classes entitled to be voted
on the proposal, without any additional right to vote as a class by the
holders of the capital stock or of another affected class or classes.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (and
fractional votes for fractional shares held) and will vote in the election of
or removal of directors/trustees (to the extent hereinafter provided) and on
other matters submitted to the vote of shareholders. There will normally be
no meetings of shareholders for the purpose of electing directors/trustees
unless and until such time as less than a majority of the directors/trustees
holding office have been elected by shareholders, at which time the
directors/trustees then in office will call a shareholders' meeting for the
election of directors/trustees. Except as set forth above, the
directors/trustees shall continue to hold office and may appoint successor
directors/trustees. Voting rights are not cumulative, so that the holders of
more than 50% of the shares voting in the election of directors/trustees can,
if they choose to do so, elect all the directors/trustees of the fund, in
which event the holders of the remaining shares will be unable to elect any
person as a director/trustee. As set forth in the By-Laws of the fund, a
special meeting of shareholders of the fund shall be called by the Secretary
of the fund on the written request of shareholders entitled to cast at least
10% of all the votes of the fund entitled to be cast at such meeting.
Shareholders requesting such a meeting must pay to the fund the reasonably
estimated costs of preparing and mailing the notice of the meeting. The fund,
however, will otherwise assist the shareholders seeking to hold
<PAGE>
the special meeting in communicating to the other shareholders of the fund to
the extent required by Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act.
Capital Appreciation, Equity Income, and New America Growth Funds
ORGANIZATION OF THE FUNDS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For tax and business reasons, the funds were organized as Massachusetts
Business Trusts, and are registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act as
diversified, open-end investment companies, commonly known as "mutual fund."
The Declaration of Trust permits the Board of Trustees to issue an unlimited
number of full and fractional shares of a single class. The Declaration of
Trust also provides that the Board of Trustees may issue additional series or
classes of shares. Each share represents an equal proportionate beneficial
interest in the fund. In the event of the liquidation of the fund, each share
is entitled to a pro-rata share of the net assets of the fund.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (and
fractional votes for fractional shares held) and will vote in the election of
or removal of trustees (to the extent hereinafter provided) and on other
matters submitted to the vote of shareholders. There will normally be no
meetings of shareholders for the purpose of electing trustees unless and
until such time as less than a majority of the trustees holding office have
been elected by shareholders, at which time the trustees then in office will
call a shareholders' meeting for the election of trustees. Pursuant to
Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act, holders of record of not less than two-thirds
of the outstanding shares of the fund may remove a trustee by a vote cast in
person or by proxy at a meeting called for that purpose. Except as set forth
above, the trustees shall continue to hold office and may appoint successor
trustees. Voting rights are not cumulative, so that the holders of more than
50% of the shares voting in the election of trustees can, if they choose to
do so, elect all the trustees of the Trust, in which event the holders of the
remaining shares will be unable to elect any person as a trustee. No
amendments may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the affirmative
vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust.
Shares have no preemptive or conversion rights; the right of redemption and
the privilege of exchange are described in the prospectus. Shares are fully
paid and nonassessable, except as set forth below. The Trust may be
terminated (i) upon the sale of its assets to another diversified, open-end
management investment company, if approved by the vote of the holders of
two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust, or (ii) upon liquidation
and distribution of the assets of the Trust, if approved by the vote of the
holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust. If not so
terminated, the Trust will continue indefinitely.
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be
held personally liable for the obligations of the fund. However, the
Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations
of the fund and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each
agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by the fund or a
Trustee. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification from fund
property for all losses and expenses of any shareholder held personally
liable for the obligations of the fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder
incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to
circumstances in which the fund itself would be unable to meet its
obligations, a possibility which T. Rowe Price believes is remote. Upon
payment of any liability incurred by the fund, the shareholders of the fund
paying such liability will be entitled to reimbursement from the general
assets of the fund. The Trustees intend to conduct the operations of the fund
is such a way so as to avoid, as far as possible, ultimate liability of the
shareholders for liabilities of such fund.
All Funds
FEDERAL REGISTRATION OF SHARES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The fund's shares are registered for sale under the 1933 Act. Registration of
the fund's shares is not required under any state law, but the fund is
required to make certain filings with and pay fees to the states in order to
sell its shares in the states.
<PAGE>
LEGAL COUNSEL
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman, LLP, whose address is The Chrysler Building,
405 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10174, is legal counsel to the fund.
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 250 West Pratt Street, 21st Floor, Baltimore,
Maryland 21201, are the independent accountants to the funds.
The financial statements of the funds for the year ended December 31, 1999,
and the report of independent accountants are included in each fund's Annual
Report for the year ended December 31, 1999. A copy of each Annual Report
accompanies this Statement of Additional Information. The following financial
statements and the report of independent accountants appearing in each Annual
Report for the year ended December 31, 1999, are incorporated into this
Statement of Additional Information by reference:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ANNUAL REPORT REFERENCES:
CAPITAL EQUITY NEW AMERICA NEW ERA
APPRECIATION INDEX 500 GROWTH -------
------------ --------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Financial Highlights 12 2 11 9
Statement of Net Assets,
December 31, 1999 13-19 3-21 12-16 10-14
Statement of Operations, year
ended
December 31, 1999 20 22 17 15
Statement of Changes in Net
Assets, years ended
December 31, 1999 and December
31, 1998 21 23 18 16
Notes to Financial Statements,
December 31, 1999 22-25 24-27 19-21 17-19
Report of Independent
Accountants 26 28 22 20
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DIVIDEND GROWTH FINANCIAL CAPITAL
GROWTH STOCK SERVICES OPPORTUNITY
------ ----- -------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Financial Highlights 10 10 11 9
Statement of Net Assets, December
31, 1999 11-17 11-17 12-14 10-22
Statement of Operations, year
ended
December 31, 1999 18 18 15 23
Statement of Changes in Net
Assets, years ended
December 31, 1999 and December 31,
1998 19 19 16 24
Notes to Financial Statements,
December 31, 1999 20-22 20-23 17-19 25-28
Report of Independent Accountants 23 24 20 29
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
VALUE MID-CAP REAL MID-CAP EQUITY
----- VALUE ESTATE GROWTH
----- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Financial Highlights 8 10 8 6
Statement of Net Assets, December
31, 1999 9-15 11-17 9-11 7-9
Statement of Operations, year
ended
December 31, 1999 16 18 12 10
Statement of Changes in Net
Assets, years ended
December 31, 1999 and December
31, 1998 17 19 13 11
Notes to Financial Statements,
December 31, 1999 18-20 20-22 14-16 12-13
Report of Independent Accountants 21 23 17 14
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DIVERSIFIED BLUE CHIP GROWTH & HEALTH
SMALL-CAP GROWTH INCOME SCIENCES
GROWTH ------ ------ --------
------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Financial Highlights 8 13 8 10
Statement of Net Assets,
December 31, 1999 9-20 14-20 9-15 11-13
Statement of Operations, year
ended
December 31, 1999 21 21 16 14
Statement of Changes in Net
Assets, years ended
December 31, 1999 and December
31, 1998 22 22 17 15
Notes to Financial Statements,
December 31, 1999 23-26 23-25 18-21 16-18
Report of Independent
Accountants 27 26 22 19
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BALANCED NEW EQUITY MID-CAP
-------- HORIZONS INCOME GROWTH
-------- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Financial Highlights 9 11 9 11
Portfolio of Investments, December
31, 1999 10-37 12-22 10-16 12-17
Statement of Assets and Liabilities,
December 31, 1999 38 23 17 18
Statement of Operations, year ended
December 31, 1999 39 24 18 19
Statement of Changes in Net Assets,
years ended
December 31, 1999 and December 31,
1998 40 25 19 20
Notes to Financial Statements,
December 31, 1999 41-44 26-28 20-23 21-23
Report of Independent Accountants 45 29 24 24
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SMALL-CAP MEDIA & SCIENCE &
STOCK TELECOMMUNICATIONSTECHNOLOGY
----- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Financial Highlights 10 8 11
Portfolio of Investments, December 31, 1999 11-21 9-11 12-14
Statement of Assets and Liabilities,
December 31, 1999 22 12 15
Statement of Operations, year ended
December 31, 1999 23 13 16
Statement of Changes in Net Assets, years
ended
December 31, 1999 and December 31, 1998 24 14 17
Notes to Financial Statements, December 31,
1999 25-27 15-17 18-20
Report of Independent Accountants 28 18 21
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SMALL-CAP
VALUE
-----
<S> <C>
Financial Highlights 8
Portfolio of Investments, December 31, 1999 9-18
Statement of Assets and Liabilities, December 31, 1999 19
Statement of Operations, year ended December 31, 1999 20
Statement of Changes in Net Assets, years ended
December 31, 1999 and December 31, 1998 21
Notes to Financial Statements, December 31, 1999 22-24
Report of Independent Accountants 25
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXTENDED EQUITY
MARKET INDEX
------------
<S> <C>
Financial Highlights 2
Statement of Net Assets, year ended December 31, 1999 3-58
Statement of Operations, year ended December 31, 1999 59
Statement of Changes in Net Assets, years ended
December 31, 1999 and January 30, 1998 (commencement
of operations) to December 31, 1998 60
Notes to Financial Statements, December 31, 1999 61-63
Report of Independent Accountants 64
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TOTAL EQUITY
MARKET INDEX
------------
<S> <C>
Financial Highlights 2
Statement of Net Assets, December 31, 1999 3-48
Statement of Operations, December 31, 1999 49
Statement of Changes in Net Assets, years ended
December 31, 1999 and January 30, 1998
(commencement of operations) to December 31, 1998 50
Notes to Financial Statements, December 31, 1999 51-53
Report of Independent Accountants 54
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
RATINGS OF CORPORATE DEBT SECURITIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
Aaa-Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the
smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt
edge."
Aa-Bonds rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together
with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally know as high-grade bonds.
A-Bonds rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be
considered as upper medium-grade obligations.
Baa-Bonds rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations, i.e., they
are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and
principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any
great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics
and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba-Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements: their futures
cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and
principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded
during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position
characterize bonds in this class.
B-Bonds rated B generally lack the characteristics of a desirable investment.
Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms
of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa-Bonds rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or
there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or
interest.
Ca-Bonds rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high
degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked short-comings.
C-Bonds rated C represent the lowest-rated, and have extremely poor prospects
of attaining investment standing.
Standard & Poor's Corporation
AAA-This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and
interest.
AA-Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations. Capacity to
pay principal and interest is very strong.
A-Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes
in circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB-Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds
in this category than for bonds in the A category.
BB, B, CCC, CC, C-Bonds rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded on balance,
as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay
interest and repay principal. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation
and C the highest degree of speculation. While such bonds will likely have
some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large
uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
D-In default.
<PAGE>
Fitch IBCA, Inc.
AAA-High grade, broadly marketable, suitable for investment by trustees and
fiduciary institutions, and liable to slight market fluctuation other than
through changes in the money rate. The prime feature of a "AAA" bond is the
showing of earnings several times or many times interest requirements for
such stability of applicable interest that safety is beyond reasonable
question whenever changes occur in conditions. Other features may enter, such
as wide margin of protection through collateral, security or direct lien on
specific property. Sinking funds or voluntary reduction of debt by call or
purchase or often factors, while guarantee or assumption by parties other
than the original debtor may influence their rating.
AA-Of safety virtually beyond question and readily salable. Their merits are
not greatly unlike those of "AAA" class but a bond so rated may be junior
though of strong lien, or the margin of safety is less strikingly broad. The
issue may be the obligation of a small company, strongly secured, but
influenced as to rating by the lesser financial power of the enterprise and
more local type of market.
A-Bonds rated A are considered to be investment grade and of high credit
quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is
considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in
economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
BBB-Bonds rated BBB are considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory
credit quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is
considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions ad
circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these
bonds, and therefore impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings
of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for bonds with
higher ratings.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded on balance as predominantly speculative
with respect to the issuer's capacity to repay interest and repay principal
in accordance with the terms of the obligation for bond issues not in
default. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest
degree of speculation. The rating takes into consideration special features
of the issue, its relationship to other obligations of the issuer, and the
current and prospective financial condition and operating performance of the
issuer.
