UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934 [FEE REQUIRED]
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED]
For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission File Number 0-23155
TRIMERIS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 56-1808663
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
4727 UNIVERSITY DRIVE, SUITE 100
DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA 27707
(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)
(919) 419-6050
Registrant's telephone number, including area code:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.001 par value (Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. [x] Yes [ ] No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant, as of March 27, 1998 was approximately $67,731,000 (based on the
last sale price of such stock as reported by the NASDAQ National Market System):
The number of shares of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding as of
March 27, 1998 was 10,551,410.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement to be filed by the
Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the
end of the fiscal year are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form
10-K.
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TRIMERIS, INC.
FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 1997
Table of Contents
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Item Number Page
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PART I.
Item 1. Business 1
Item 2. Properties 22
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 23
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 23
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters 23
Item 6. Selected Financial Data 25
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations 26
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 29
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure 29
PART III.
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant 30
Item 11. Executive Compensation 32
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management 32
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 32
PART IV.
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K 33
Signature Page 34
Exhibit Index 35
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PART I.
Item 1. Business
Statements in this Form 10-K that are not historical fact are
forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include statements
regarding Trimeris, Inc.'s (the "Company" or "Trimeris") expectations, hopes,
beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future and are subject to a
number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond
the Company's control. The results of the Company's previous clinical trials are
not necessarily indicative of future clinical trials, and the Company's actual
prospective results could differ materially from those discussed herein. Factors
that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited
to, those discussed herein under the heading "Risk Factors", in Item 7,
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Further information regarding these
factors, as well as other factors that could cause actual results to differ
materially from those set forth in such forward-looking statements, is discussed
under the heading "Risk Factors" included in the Company's S-1 Registration
Statement on Form S-1 as declared effective by the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "SEC") on October 6, 1997 and from time to time in Trimeris'
filings with the SEC, which should be read in conjunction with this Form 10-K.
The Company undertakes no obligation to release publicly the results of any
revisions to the statements contained in this report to reflect events or
circumstances arising after the date hereof.
Overview
Trimeris, Inc. was incorporated under Delaware law as SL-1 Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. on January 7, 1993 and changed its name to Trimeris, Inc. on February 11,
1993. Trimeris is a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery and
development of novel therapeutic agents that block viral infection by inhibiting
viral fusion with host cells. Viral fusion is a complex process by which viruses
attach to and penetrate host cells. The Company's lead product candidate, T-20,
inhibits fusion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 ("HIV") with host cells. T-20
has been tested in a multidose Phase I/II clinical trial as a monotherapy for
HIV-infected patients in the United States. The results from this clinical trial
indicate that short-term administration of T-20 in an intravenous formulation is
safe and well tolerated. Furthermore, all four patients in the clinical trial
who received the highest dose of T-20 experienced a reduction in HIV viral load
to below detectable levels (less than 500 copies/ml) during the treatment
period. T-20 and the Company's other product candidates are designed to inhibit
viral fusion, unlike other currently approved therapeutic agents that target
replicating viruses inside already infected cells. The Company has developed a
proprietary technology platform in the field of fusion inhibition, which is
being applied to the discovery and development of novel products for the
treatment of a variety of viral diseases.
The Company is a development stage company. The Company completed its
initial public offering in October 1997, raising approximately $34.5 million.
Prior to that time, the Company financed its operations primarily through the
private placement of equity securities, the issuance of notes to stockholders
and equipment lease financing. Since inception, substantially all of the
Company's resources have been dedicated to the development, patenting,
preclinical testing and a Phase I/II clinical trial of T-20, the development of
a manufacturing process for T-20, production of drug material for future
clinical trials, the development of the Company's proprietary technology
platform, and research and development and preclinical testing of other
potential product candidates and compounds discovered by the Company. The
Company has incurred losses since its inception and, as of December 31, 1997,
had an accumulated deficit of approximately $29.4 million. The Company has
received revenue solely from Small Business Innovation Research ("SBIR") grants
and an investigative contract and has yet to generate any revenue from product
sales or royalties, and there can be no assurance that it will be able to
generate any such revenues or royalties in the future.
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The Company's Technology
The Company's academic founders, Dr. Dani Bolognesi and Dr. Thomas
Matthews, both of the Duke University Center for AIDS Research, discovered a
novel method to block HIV infection by inhibiting viral fusion with host cells.
This discovery was licensed to the Company and led to the Company's development
of its proprietary technology platform. The Company is using its proprietary
technology platform to support its discovery and development programs. Unlike
therapeutic agents targeting viral replication processes inside host cells, the
Company's product candidates prevent one of the first steps in the infection
process that occurs outside of the host cell. The Company's goal is to use its
expertise in the field of fusion inhibition to discover, develop and market
novel peptides or small molecules to inhibit viral fusion for the treatment of a
variety of diseases.
T-20, the Company's lead product candidate, inhibits HIV infection. T-20 is
a proprietary 36 amino acid synthetic peptide that binds to a key peptide domain
of the HIV gp41 protein and blocks HIV viral fusion by interfering with the
interactions between peptide domains within viral proteins that are required for
HIV entry into a host cell. In a multidose Phase I/II clinical trial, T-20
exhibited dose-dependent anti-HIV activity while eliciting no drug-related
adverse events and no dose-limiting toxicities during the treatment period.
Through its study of the HIV fusion process, the Company has developed a
proprietary technology platform aimed at discovering antiviral compounds. The
cornerstone of this platform is Computerized Anti-Fusion Searching Technology
("CAST"), a proprietary computer algorithm which identifies target sequences
within certain viral proteins that have the potential to interact during the
fusion process. Once identified by the CAST algorithm, these target sequences
form the basis for designing highly selective and potent peptide inhibitors of
viral fusion. CAST has enabled the Company to design product candidates for
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ("RSV") and Human Parainfluenza Virus ("HPIV")
fusion inhibition. The Company has identified, and has filed patent applications
disclosing, numerous discrete peptide sequences, which include potential fusion
targets in other viruses such as hepatitis B and C, influenza and herpes.
In addition to viral targets, CAST has identified protein sequences which
may have a role in bacterial pathogenesis, thus providing the Company with the
basis for future work aimed at the potential discovery of antibiotic agents.
Ultimately, the Company plans to explore CAST-identified sequences across a wide
range of targets, including those associated with cancer, immunology and
neurology.
Business Strategy
The Company's goal is to become a leader in anti-fusion viral therapy. To
achieve this objective, the principal elements of the Company's strategy are to:
Validate fusion inhibition therapy by obtaining regulatory approval for
T-20. T-20 has been shown in preclinical testing to inhibit HIV fusion. T-20 has
been tested in a Phase I/II clinical trial, and the Company anticipates that a
Phase II pivotal trial will begin in 1998. The Company believes that it will be
able to conduct its pivotal T-20 clinical trials program pursuant to the
accelerated approval procedure authorized by the FDA for drugs intended to treat
serious or life-threatening illnesses. The Company believes that regulatory
approval of T-20, if obtained, will provide important evidence to support the
validity of viral fusion inhibition therapy.
Leverage anti-fusion expertise to develop other antiviral therapies. The
Company believes that its proprietary technology platform, including CAST, is
applicable to many other viral targets that may be susceptible to fusion
inhibition. For example, using CAST, the Company designed T-786 for treatment of
RSV infection. Upon the successful completion of preclinical testing, the
Company anticipates that it will file a request for authorization to conduct
clinical trials on an investigational drug (an "IND") for T-786 in 1998. The
Company also has research and discovery programs to identify compounds to
inhibit fusion of other viruses, including HPIV, influenza, hepatitis B and C,
and Epstein-Barr Virus ("EBV"). Additionally, as the Company refines and
enhances CAST, the Company believes that it will be able to develop new,
high-throughput screening assays for multiple targets.
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Tailor commercialization capabilities to specific product markets. The
Company intends to evaluate the appropriate commercialization strategy for each
of its product candidates, depending on the size and nature of the market. For
example, the Company believes that it may develop its own capability to sell and
market T-20 in the United States because a relatively small number of physicians
write the majority of prescriptions for HIV drugs in the United States.
Programs and Product Candidates Under Development
The following table describes the various stages of development of the
Company's programs and product candidates:
INDICATION PRODUCT CANDIDATE DEVELOPMENT STATUS(1)
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HIV T-20 Phase I/II Completed
RSV T-786 Preclinical
HIV Second generation inhibitors Preclinical
RSV Small molecules Preclinical
HPIV T-205 Research
HPIV Small molecules Research
HIV Small molecules Research
Influenza Virus Small molecules Discovery
Hepatitis B Virus Small molecules Discovery
Hepatitis C Virus Small molecules Discovery
Epstein-Barr Virus Small molecules Discovery
(1) "Phase I/II Completed" indicates that the product candidate has been tested
in a Phase I/II clinical trial for safety and preliminary indications of
biological activity in a limited patient population. "Preclinical" indicates
that the Company is testing a product candidate in animal models. "Research"
indicates the Company is pursuing the discovery of prototype compounds and
evaluating prototype compounds in in vitro testing. "Discovery" indicates that
the Company is developing assay systems to screen chemical libraries of small
molecules.
Clinical Development Program
T-20
T-20 is a proprietary compound which has demonstrated significant
inhibition of HIV in preclinical testing. T-20 has been tested in a Phase I/II
clinical trial in which T-20 exhibited dose-dependent anti-HIV activity while
eliciting no drug-related adverse events and no dose-limiting toxicities during
the treatment period. T-20 inhibits HIV viral fusion with host cells and thus
operates by a completely different mechanism of action than any other
currently-approved HIV antiviral. HIV targets primarily the human immune cells
known as CD4+ T-cells and macrophages. HIV-infected cells ultimately lose their
immune function, leading to eventual degeneration of the immune system, which
results in opportunistic infections, neurological dysfunctions, neoplasms and
death.
In August 1997, the Company concluded a Phase I/II clinical trial in which
an intravenous formulation of T-20 was administered to HIV-infected patients.
The clinical trial consisted of four groups of four patients, with each group
receiving a different dose of T-20. Patients received doses of T-20 at either 3
mg, 10 mg, 30 mg or 100 mg by bolus intravenous infusion every 12 hours for 14
consecutive days. No drug-related adverse events were recorded and no
dose-limiting toxicities were observed for any patient during the treatment
period. Furthermore, a dose-dependent decrease in HIV viral load and a
dose-dependent increase in CD4+ T-cell count were observed. All four patients
who received the 100 mg dose experienced a decrease in HIV viral load to below
detectable levels (less than 500 copies/ml) during the treatment period.
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There can be no assurance that the results from the Phase I/II clinical
trial will support future clinical trials or will be predictive of results that
will be obtained in pivotal clinical trials.
T-20 Clinical Development
The Company believes that delivery of a continuous therapeutic dose of T-20
using a subcutaneous infusion delivery system may suppress HIV more effectively
than other delivery mechanisms. Accordingly, the Company, together with MiniMed,
Inc. ("MiniMed"), is developing a continuous, subcutaneous infusion delivery
system for administering T-20. The Company believes that the ease of use of a
continuous, subcutaneous infusion delivery system may increase patient
compliance. In addition, the Company believes that such a system may reduce the
amount of T-20 necessary to maintain effective HIV suppression. The Company has
announced a Phase II clinical trial that will be conducted at the University of
Alabama at Birmingham under the supervision of Dr. Michael Saag and Dr. Michael
Kirby, the University of North Carolina under the supervision of Dr. Joseph
Eron, and at the UCLA Medical Center under the supervision of Dr. Ron Mitsuyasu
and Dr. Margrit Carlson. The Company is currently conducting non-human
hypersensitivity studies with T-20 administered subcutaneously before initiation
of continuous subcutaneous dosing in HIV positive subjects, as was requested by
the FDA. The Phase II clinical trial will enroll up to 48 HIV-infected patients
who have begun to fail their existing triple combination therapy. The first 10
days of this trial will assess the safety, plasma pharmacokinetics, and
antiviral activity of multiple ascending doses of T-20, along with the optimal
dosing for T-20 and the feasibility of T-20 administration via a MiniMed
continuous subcutaneous infusion pump. At the completion of that period,
subjects will be eligible to participate in an extension period of at least six
months, during which T-20 will be administered in combination with SustivaTM
(efavirenz), The Dupont Merck Pharmaceutical Company's ("Dupont Merck")
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in Phase III development, and two
protease inhibitors. The Company has signed a letter of intent with Dupont Merck
to conduct this trial and DuPont Merck has agreed to provide SustivaTM to
Trimeris.
After completion of the continuous, subcutaneous infusion Phase II trial,
the Company intends to begin a pivotal Phase II trial in a larger population of
HIV-infected patients who are either resistant to, or intolerant of, currently
approved antiviral therapies (RT and protease inhibitors). Historically, pivotal
Phase II trials of this type involving HIV antivirals have included
approximately 300-400 patients and have taken approximately 18-24 months to
complete. The Company anticipates that this pivotal Phase II trial will begin in
the second half of 1998. Concurrently with the start of the pivotal Phase II
trial, the Company intends to begin a study of T-20 in HIV-infected pediatric
patients. Historically, studies of this type involving HIV antivirals have
included approximately 40-60 pediatric patients and have taken approximately
18-30 months to complete.
Throughout the T-20 clinical trial process, the Company intends to work
with the FDA to design and implement a clinical trial strategy involving the
administration of T-20 to HIV-infected patients in combination with approved HIV
antiviral agents. The Company also believes that it will be able to conduct its
T-20 clinical trial programs pursuant to the accelerated approval procedure
authorized by the FDA for drugs intended to treat serious or life-threatening
illnesses. However, there can be no assurance that T-20 will be eligible for
accelerated development and/or approval under these regulations. Further, there
can be no assurance that T-20 (if eligible for accelerated development and/or
approval under these regulations) will be approved by the FDA for marketing on
an accelerated basis, or at all. The anticipated timing of the Company's T-20
clinical trials may be delayed or cancelled for a number of reasons, including
the receipt of unanticipated T-20 clinical trial results, additional
non-clinical studies required by the FDA, changes in the focus of the Company or
its collaborators, financial requirements and resources, manufacturing issues,
technological developments and competitive factors. Accordingly, no assurance
can be given that the Company's T-20 clinical trials will commence on their
target dates, or at all. Delays in such clinical trials could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations.
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HIV Market And Existing Therapies
HIV infection causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ("AIDS"), which is
one of the leading causes of death in the United States in men and women between
the ages of 25 and 44. The World Health Organization estimates that, as of late
1996, approximately 750,000 people were infected with HIV in the United States,
and approximately 510,000 people were infected in Western Europe.
T-20 Commercialization Strategy
The Company has entered into a strategic alliance with MiniMed under which
the parties will collaborate to deliver T-20 using MiniMed's continuous infusion
pump. MiniMed pumps, currently used for insulin therapy, are generally attached
to a belt, strapped to a leg or draped on a cord around the neck. These pumps
weigh approximately 3.5 ounces and are approximately the size of a pager. The
Company expects that MiniMed will play an active role in the marketing of its
pump for T-20 delivery and will provide patient support and product service for
the pump and related disposable products. The Company plans to work directly
with MiniMed to pursue necessary regulatory approvals for the delivery of T-20
using the MiniMed pump.
The manufacture of peptides requires significant expertise, facilities and
equipment. Accordingly, the Company has elected to work with third-party
contract manufacturers to supply quantities of T-20 to be used in the Company's
currently planned clinical trials. The Company may continue to rely on
third-party manufacturers throughout the clinical and initial commercialization
phases of T-20 development. The Company is currently attempting to develop a
novel manufacturing process for T-20 which could be more cost-effective than
currently available methods of production. There can be no assurance of success
of this process development. Currently available manufacturing methodologies are
expensive and such costs, as well as the Company's current dependence on third
parties for the manufacture of its products and product candidates, could
adversely affect the Company's profit margins and its ability to commercialize
T-20. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to manufacture
T-20 on a cost-effective or timely basis.
The Company does not currently have sales, marketing or distribution
capabilities and is evaluating strategies for the sale, marketing and
distribution of T-20, including developing internal capabilities and entering
into collaborative arrangements. The Company believes that it may be feasible to
develop internal sales, marketing and distribution capability for T-20, since
the market for HIV therapeutics is comprised of a concentrated group of
physicians in medical practices that treat HIV patients. The Company will
continue to explore alternative opportunities to market T-20, either internally
or in conjunction with appropriate marketing partners.
Preclinical Development Programs
The Company is using its proprietary technology platform to discover and
develop fusion inhibitors for other viral diseases where there are substantial
unmet medical needs.
T-786
T-786 is the Company's lead product candidate for the treatment of RSV
infection, which is a significant cause of pediatric bronchiolitis and
pneumonia. T-786 shows potent, specific and selective inhibition of RSV
infection in vitro. Each year in the United States, 11 out of 100 children
younger than one year of age are infected with RSV, more than 90,000 infants are
hospitalized with RSV infections, and over 4,500 deaths are attributed to RSV.
Upon successful completion of preclinical tests, the Company anticipates that it
will file an IND for T-786 in 1998.
Second-Generation HIV Fusion Inhibitors
Using CAST, the Company has designed proprietary second-generation, peptide
HIV fusion inhibitors which bind to regions of the HIV fusion protein target
that are different from the region bound by T-20. In
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preclinical testing, these second-generation compounds have been shown to be
highly effective against a wide range of HIV strains in vitro. In preclinical
testing, these compounds have demonstrated pharmaceutical characteristics
distinct from T-20. The Company believes that these second-generation compounds
could provide a range of future options for the continuing treatment of HIV
infection.
Anti-RSV Small Molecules
The Company has identified a series of small-molecule inhibitors of RSV
infection using its high-throughput screening assays. These assays were designed
based upon the CAST platform. Using its proprietary knowledge of the chemical
structure of these compounds, the Company has developed a number of analogs
which have demonstrated potency against RSV in preclinical testing. Several of
these analogs have also demonstrated low toxicity. The Company is continuing to
synthesize analogs of these compounds to evaluate their pharmaceutical
properties and will continue preclinical testing to identify lead compounds.
Research And Discovery Programs
The Company is leveraging its proprietary technology platform and expertise
in viral fusion to discover and develop lead compounds and product candidates to
treat a variety of diseases caused by other viruses.
Anti-HPIV Compounds
Using CAST, the Company has developed a series of proprietary peptides
which inhibit HPIV in vitro. T-205, the Company's lead anti-HPIV peptide, was
derived from a coiled-coil domain of the HPIV fusion protein. T-205 shows
specific, selective and potent inhibition of HPIV infection in vitro. HPIV is a
cause of respiratory disease in young infants. There are no drugs currently
approved for the treatment of HPIV. The Company is conducting a research program
to evaluate T-205 and other peptide candidates for possible advancement to
preclinical development.
Anti-HIV Small Molecules
The Company has identified a series of small-molecule compounds which
inhibit HIV infection in vitro using the Company's high-throughput HIV screening
assays. These assays were designed based on the CAST platform. The Company plans
to continue screening its chemical libraries to discover additional anti-HIV
small-molecule compounds.
Influenza Virus
The Company has initiated an early-stage discovery program to create a
high-throughput screening assay based on CAST to identify potential
small-molecule inhibitors of influenza viral fusion. The Company has established
a collaboration with Dr. Judith White at the University of Virginia to assist in
the discovery and development of fusion inhibitors for influenza virus.
Hepatitis B And C Virus
The Company has initiated early-stage discovery programs to create
high-throughput screening assays that can identify potential small-molecule
inhibitors of the hepatitis B and C viruses. Additionally, in collaboration with
Dr. Timothy Block of the Thomas Jefferson Medical School, the Company plans to
synthesize and test peptides derived from CAST-identified regions of the
hepatitis B virus. The Company has been awarded a Phase I SBIR grant from the
Department of Health and Human Services for this program.
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Epstein-Barr Virus
The Company has initiated an early-stage discovery program in EBV through a
collaboration with Dr. Joseph Pagano of the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill. EBV causes infectious mononucleosis and has been linked to a
variety of cancers. Dr. Pagano is working with the Company's scientists to
develop a strategy for inhibiting a key protein required for EBV replication.
Using CAST, the Company has identified key interactive peptide domains within
this molecular target and has synthesized peptide inhibitors for the molecular
target in vitro.
Manufacturing
The Company has no experience in manufacturing pharmaceuticals, no
commercial manufacturing capacity and limited experience in manufacturing
process development. The Company has established relationships and intends to
establish additional relationships with third-party manufacturers for the
production of quantities of its product candidates or compounds sufficient to
conduct its planned preclinical testing and clinical trials and the commercial
production of any approved products or compounds.
The Company and its third-party manufacturers have manufactured sufficient
quantities of T-20 using solid-phase sequential peptide synthesis to complete
preclinical testing and the Phase I/II clinical trial. The Company has entered
into agreements with two contract manufacturers for the solid-phase sequential
peptide synthetic manufacture of T-20 for use in clinical trials. The Company is
currently attempting to develop a novel manufacturing process for T-20 which
could be more cost-effective than currently available methods of production.
There can be no assurance of success of this process development. Currently
available manufacturing methodologies are expensive and such costs, as well as
the Company's current dependence on third parties for the manufacture of its
products, and product candidates could adversely affect the Company's profit
margins and its ability to commercialize T-20. There can be no assurance that
the Company will be able to manufacture T-20 on a cost-effective or timely
basis.
Commercial production of T-20 will require raw materials in amounts
substantially greater than those being used in the current manufacturing
campaigns. There can be no assurance that these materials will be available in
sufficient quantities or on a cost-effective basis to support the commercial
manufacture of T-20.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to retain or
establish relationships with any third-party manufacturers on acceptable terms,
if at all, or that such third-party manufacturers will be able to manufacture
products in commercial quantities under the FDA's current good manufacturing
practices requirements ("GMP") on a cost-effective basis. The Company's
dependence upon third parties for the manufacture of its products, product
candidates and compounds may adversely affect the Company's profit margins and
its ability to develop and commercialize product candidates, products and
compounds on a timely and competitive basis. Further, there can be no assurance
that manufacturing or quality control problems will not arise in connection with
the manufacture of the Company's products, product candidates or compounds or
that third-party manufacturers will maintain the necessary governmental licenses
and approvals to continue manufacturing the Company's products, product
candidates or compounds. Any failure to maintain existing or establish new
relationships with third parties for the Company's manufacturing requirements on
a timely basis and on acceptable terms would have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Licensing And Collaborative Agreements
The Company has an ongoing program of business development which may lead
to the establishment of collaborative and licensing arrangements with
collaborative partners, licensees and third parties to seek regulatory approval
of and to manufacture and commercialize certain of its existing and potential
product candidates and compounds. These collaborations could provide the Company
with funding, research and development resources, access to libraries of diverse
compounds and clinical development, manufacturing, sales, marketing and
distribution capabilities. Accordingly, the Company's success could depend, in
part, upon the subsequent success of such third parties in performing
preclinical testing and clinical trials,
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obtaining the requisite regulatory approvals, scaling up manufacturing,
successfully commercializing the licensed product candidates or compounds and
otherwise performing their obligations. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to maintain its existing arrangements or enter into
acceptable collaborative and license arrangements in the future on acceptable
terms, if at all, that such arrangements will be successful, that the parties
with which the Company has or may establish arrangements will perform their
obligations under the arrangements, or that potential collaborators will not
compete with the Company by seeking alternative means of developing therapeutics
for the diseases targeted by the Company. There can also be no assurance that
the Company's existing or any future arrangements will lead to the development
of product candidates or compounds with commercial potential, that the Company
will be able to obtain proprietary rights or licenses for proprietary rights
with respect to any technology developed in connection with these arrangements,
or that the Company will be able to ensure the confidentiality of any
proprietary rights and information developed in such arrangements or prevent the
public disclosure thereof. The Company currently has a license from Duke
University (the "Duke License"), and in the future may require additional
licenses from these or other parties, to effectively develop potential product
candidates and compounds.
In April 1997, the Company and MiniMed entered into an agreement (the
"Minimed Agreement"), pursuant to which the Company and MiniMed will collaborate
in the development and delivery of therapies for the treatment of targeted
indications by combining the continuous infusion delivery pump of MiniMed and
the antiviral product candidates and compounds being developed by the Company.
The first collaborative project under the terms of the agreement will involve
the continuous delivery of T-20. While MiniMed's continuous infusion pump has
been approved for the continuous, subcutaneous infusion of other therapies,
there can be no assurance that the FDA will approve on a timely basis, if at
all, the use of the delivery of T-20 utilizing the MiniMed continuous infusion
pump. The parties are also evaluating other product candidates and compounds for
inclusion under the MiniMed Agreement. Under the terms of the MiniMed Agreement,
a joint management committee will determine an implementation strategy for each
collaborative project. The MiniMed Agreement contains certain exclusivity and
noncompetition provisions, subject to the Company's right, under certain
circumstances, to terminate such obligations with respect to T-20 in exchange
for certain royalty payments. The failure of the Company and MiniMed to achieve
their collective objectives could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Pursuant to the Duke License, the Company has obtained from Duke University
an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to all discoveries and inventions
in the field of antiviral therapeutics emanating from the laboratories of Drs.
Dani Bolognesi, Thomas J. Matthews, Michael Greenberg and Kent Weinhold of the
Duke University Center for AIDS Research for the period from February 3, 1993
until February 2, 2000. The Company's rights to each of these discoveries and
inventions expire upon the expiration of the life of the particular patent.
Multiple discoveries and inventions have flowed to the Company under the Duke
License and include those upon which United States patents have been issued.
None of the technologies licensed by the Company from Duke University is the
subject of a separate license agreement. Rather, the Company's rights to such
technologies are licensed solely pursuant to the Duke License. While the Company
believes it will be able to successfully negotiate an extension or renewal of
the Duke License, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
obtain such an extension or renewal or that such an extension or renewal will be
on acceptable terms. The early termination of the Duke License or the failure of
the Company to renew the Duke License on acceptable terms, if at all, could have
a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
In September 1997, the Company obtained from The New York Blood Center
("NYBC") an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license under certain United
States and foreign patents and patent applications relating to HIV peptides.
Sales, Marketing And Distribution
The Company has no experience in sales, marketing or distribution of
pharmaceuticals and currently has no personnel employed in any such capacities.
However, the Company intends to develop such capability in certain areas. For
example, because a relatively small number of physicians write the majority of
prescriptions for HIV drugs in the United States, the Company intends to
consider developing in-house
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sales, marketing and distribution capabilities to address the market. In other
areas, however, the Company may rely on marketing partners or other arrangements
with third parties which have established distribution systems and direct sales
forces for the sales, marketing and distribution of such products and compounds.
In the event that the Company is unable to reach agreement with one or more
marketing partners to market these other products and compounds, it may be
required to develop internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities for
such products and compounds. There can be no assurance that the Company will be
able to establish sales, marketing or distribution capabilities or make
arrangements with third parties to perform such activities on acceptable terms,
if at all, or that any internal capabilities or third-party arrangements will be
cost-effective. The failure to establish such capabilities would have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations.
In addition, any third parties with which the Company establishes sales,
marketing or distribution arrangements may have significant control over
important aspects of the commercialization of the Company's products and
compounds including market identification, marketing methods, pricing,
composition of sales force and promotional activities. For example, the MiniMed
Agreement contemplates that MiniMed will participate in the sales, marketing and
distribution of any products jointly developed by the parties. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to control the amount and timing of
resources that MiniMed or any other third party may devote to the Company's
products or compounds or prevent any third party from pursuing alternative
technologies or products that could result in the development of products that
compete with the Company's products and compounds and the withdrawal of support
for the Company's products and compounds.
Patents, Proprietary Technology And Trade Secrets
The Company's success will depend, in part, on its ability, and the ability
of its collaborators or licensors, to obtain protection for its products and
technologies under United States and foreign patent laws, to preserve its trade
secrets and to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of third
parties.
As of December 31, 1997, the Company was the assignee or owner of one
pending United States patent application, one pending patent application under
the Patent Cooperation Treaty designating the United States, and 16 pending
United States patent applications, along with certain corresponding foreign
patent applications. In September 1997, the Company obtained from the New York
Blood Center an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license under certain
United States and foreign patents and patent applications relating to HIV
peptides.
The Company also relies on trade secrets, know-how and other proprietary
information, which it seeks to protect, in part, through the use of
confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants, advisors and others.
There can be no assurance that such agreements will provide adequate protection
for the Company's trade secrets, know-how, or other proprietary information in
the event of any unauthorized disclosure, that employees of the Company,
consultants, advisors, or others, will maintain the confidentiality of such
trade secrets or proprietary information, or that the trade secrets or
proprietary know-how of the Company will not otherwise become known, or be
independently developed by, competitors.
Competition
The Company is engaged in segments of the biopharmaceutical industry,
including the treatment of HIV, that are intensely competitive and rapidly
changing. If successfully developed and approved, the product candidates and
compounds that the Company is currently developing will compete with numerous
existing therapies. For example, at least 11 drugs are currently approved in the
United States for the treatment of HIV. In addition, a number of companies are
pursuing the development of novel pharmaceutical products that target the same
diseases that the Company is targeting, and some companies, including several
multinational pharmaceutical companies, are simultaneously marketing several
different drugs and may therefore be able to market their own combination drug
therapies. The Company believes that a significant number of drugs are currently
under development and will become available in the future for the treatment of
HIV.
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Although the Company believes that there is a significant future market for
therapeutics that treat HIV and other viral diseases, the Company anticipates
that it will face intense and increasing competition in the future as new
products enter the market and advanced technologies become available. There can
be no assurance that existing products or new products for the treatment of HIV
developed by the Company's competitors, including Glaxo Wellcome plc, Merck &
Co., Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Abbot Laboratories, Inc., will not be
more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than T-20, should it be
successfully developed and receive regulatory approval, or any other therapeutic
for HIV that may be developed by the Company. Competitive products or the
development by others of a cure or new treatment methods may render the
Company's technologies and products and compounds obsolete, noncompetitive or
uneconomical prior to the Company's recovery of development or commercialization
expenses incurred with respect to any such technologies or products or
compounds. Many of the Company's competitors have significantly greater
financial, technical and human resources than the Company and may be better
equipped to develop, manufacture, sell, market and distribute products. In
addition, many of these companies have extensive experience in preclinical
testing and clinical trials, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvals and
manufacturing and marketing pharmaceutical products. For use individually or in
combination therapy, many of these competitors also have products that have been
approved or are in late-stage development and operate large, well-funded
research and development programs. Smaller companies may also prove to be
significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with
large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Furthermore, academic
institutions, governmental agencies and other public and private research
organizations are becoming increasingly aware of the commercial value of their
inventions and are more actively seeking to commercialize the technology they
have developed.
New developments in areas in which the Company is conducting its research
and development are expected to continue at a rapid pace in both industry and
academia. If the Company's product candidates and compounds are successfully
developed and approved, the Company will face competition based on the safety
and effectiveness of its products and compounds, the timing and scope of
regulatory approvals, availability of manufacturing, sales, marketing and
distribution capabilities, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position.
There can be no assurance that the Company's competitors will not develop more
effective or more affordable technology or products, or achieve earlier patent
protection, product development or product commercialization than the Company.
Accordingly, the Company's competitors may succeed in commercializing products
more rapidly or effectively than the Company, which could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Government Regulation
Human pharmaceutical products are subject to lengthy and rigorous
preclinical testing and clinical trials and other extensive, costly and
time-consuming procedures mandated by the FDA and foreign regulatory
authorities. The regulatory approval process, which includes the establishment
of the safety and effectiveness of each product candidate and compound for each
target indication and confirmation by the FDA that good laboratory, clinical and
manufacturing practices were maintained during testing and manufacturing,
typically takes a number of years, varying based upon the type, complexity and
novelty of the pharmaceutical product. This process requires the expenditure of
substantial resources and gives larger companies with greater financial
resources a competitive advantage over the Company. To date, no product
candidate or compound being evaluated by the Company has been submitted for
approval by the FDA or any other regulatory authority for commercialization, and
there can be no assurance that any such product candidate or compound will ever
be approved for commercialization or that the Company will be able to obtain the
labeling claims desired for its product candidates or compounds.
The steps required by the FDA before new drugs may be marketed in the
United States include: (i) preclinical studies; (ii) the submission to the FDA
of a request for authorization to conduct clinical trials on an investigational
drug (an "IND"); (iii) adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to establish
the safety and efficacy of the drug for its intended use; (iv) submission to the
FDA of an New Drug Application (an "NDA"); and (v) review and approval of the
NDA by the FDA before the drug may be shipped or sold commercially.
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In the United States, preclinical testing includes both in vitro and in
vivo laboratory evaluation and characterization of the safety and efficacy of a
drug and its formulation. Laboratories involved in preclinical testing must
comply with FDA regulations regarding good laboratory practices. Preclinical
testing results are submitted to the FDA as part of the IND and, unless there is
objection by the FDA, the IND will become effective 30 days following its
receipt by the FDA. There can be no assurance that submission of an IND will
result in the commencement of human clinical trials.
Clinical trials, which involve the administration of the investigational
drug to healthy volunteers or to patients under the supervision of a qualified
principal investigator, are typically conducted in three sequential phases,
although the phases may overlap with one another.
Phase I clinical trials represent the initial administration of the
investigational drug to a small group of healthy human subjects or, more rarely,
to a group of selected patients with a targeted disease or disorder. The goal of
Phase I clinical trials is typically to test for safety (adverse effects), dose
tolerance, absorption, bio-distribution, metabolism, excretion and clinical
pharmacokinetics.
Phase II clinical trials involve a small sample of the actual intended
patient population and seek to assess the effectiveness of the drug for the
specific targeted indications, to determine dose tolerance and the optimal dose
range and to gather additional information relating to safety and potential
adverse effects.
Phase III clinical trials are initiated to establish further clinical
safety and effectiveness of the investigational drug in a broader sample of the
general patient population at geographically dispersed study sites in order to
determine the overall risk-benefit ratio of the drug and to provide an adequate
basis for all physician labeling. The results of the research and product
development, manufacturing, preclinical testing, clinical trials and related
information are submitted to the FDA in the form of an NDA for approval of the
marketing and shipment of the drug.
There can be no assurance that, even after substantial time and
expenditures, any of the Company's product candidates or compounds under
development will receive commercialization approval in any country on a timely
basis, or at all. If the Company is unable to demonstrate the safety and
effectiveness of its product candidates and compounds to the satisfaction of the
FDA or foreign regulatory authorities, the Company will be unable to
commercialize its product candidates and compounds; and the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely
affected. Furthermore, even if regulatory approval of a product candidate or
compound is obtained, the approval may entail limitations on the indicated uses
for which the product candidate or compound may be marketed.
The Company and its existing and potential future collaborative partners
are also subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations
relating to safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices, the
experimental use of animals and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially
hazardous substances, including radioactive compounds and infectious disease
agents, used in connection with the Company's product development programs.
Compliance with such laws, regulations and requirements may be costly and
time-consuming and the failure to maintain such compliance by the Company or its
existing and future collaborative partners could have a material adverse effect
on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Third Party Reimbursement And Health Care Reform Measures
In the United States and elsewhere, sales of prescription pharmaceuticals
are dependent, in part, on the availability of reimbursement to the consumer
from third-party payors, such as government agencies and private insurance
plans. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for
medical products and services in an effort to promote cost containment measures
and alternative health care delivery systems and they may mandate predetermined
discounts from list prices. If the Company succeeds in bringing one or more
products or compounds to the market, there can be no assurance that these
products or compounds will be considered cost-effective or that reimbursement to
the consumer will be available or will be sufficient to allow the Company to
sell its products or compounds on a competitive basis. Because of the high cost
of the treatment of AIDS or HIV using combination therapy, many state
legislatures are
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reassessing reimbursement policies for such therapy. In addition, an increasing
emphasis on managed care in the United States to reduce the overall costs of
health care has and will continue to increase the pressure on pharmaceutical
pricing. While the Company cannot predict whether legislative or regulatory
proposals will be adopted or the effect such proposals or managed care efforts
may have on its business, the announcement and/or adoption of such proposals or
efforts could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Human Resources
As of December 31, 1997, the Company had 38 full-time employees, including
a technical scientific staff of 29. None of the Company's employees are covered
by collective bargaining arrangements, and management considers relations with
its employees to be good.
Risk Factors
In addition to the other information contained in this Form 10-K, the
following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating the Company
and its business. This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements which
involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ
materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a
result of certain factors, including those set forth in the following risk
factors and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Development Stage Company. The Company commenced operations in January 1993
and is subject to all of the business risks associated with a biopharmaceutical
company in the early stage of development, including constraints on the
Company's financial, personnel and other resources, and uncertainties regarding
the Company's novel product discovery and development programs. Since inception,
substantially all of the Company's resources have been dedicated to the
development, patenting, preclinical testing and a Phase I/II clinical trial of
T-20, the development of a manufacturing process for T-20, production of drug
material for future clinical trials, the development of the Company's
proprietary technology platform, and research and development and preclinical
testing of other potential product candidates and compounds discovered by the
Company. The Company has yet to generate any revenues from product sales or
royalties, and there can be no assurance that it will be able to generate any
such revenues or royalties in the future. Product candidates and compounds
discovered by the Company and developed through the Company's product
development programs will require significant additional, time-consuming and
costly research and development, preclinical testing and extensive clinical
trials prior to submission of any regulatory application for commercial use.
History Of Operating Losses; Accumulated Deficit; Uncertainty Of Future
Profitability. The Company has incurred losses since its inception. As of
December 31, 1997, the Company's accumulated deficit was approximately $29.4
million. Such losses have resulted principally from expenses incurred in the
Company's research and development activities associated with the development,
patenting, preclinical testing and a Phase I/II clinical trial of T-20, the
development of a manufacturing process for T-20, the development of its
proprietary technology platform, research and development and preclinical
testing of other potential product candidates and compounds discovered by the
Company, and from general and administrative expenses. The Company expects to
incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future and expects losses to
increase as the Company's research and development, preclinical testing and
clinical trial efforts expand. The amount and timing of the Company's operating
expenses will depend on several factors, including the status of the Company's
research and development activities, product candidate and compound discovery
and development efforts, including preclinical testing and clinical trials, the
timing of regulatory actions, the costs involved in preparing, filing,
prosecuting, maintaining, protecting and enforcing patent claims and other
proprietary rights, the ability of the Company to establish, internally or
through relationships with third parties, manufacturing, sales, marketing and
distribution capabilities, technological and other changes in the competitive
landscape, changes in the Company's existing research and development
relationships and strategic alliances, evaluation of the commercial viability of
potential product candidates and other factors, many of which are outside of the
Company's control. As a result, the Company believes that period-to-period
comparisons of financial results in the future are not necessarily meaningful
and results of operations in prior periods should not be relied upon as an
indication of future
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performance. Any deviations in results of operations from levels expected by
securities analysts and investors could have a material adverse effect on the
market price of the Common Stock. The Company's ability to achieve profitability
will depend, in part, upon its or its collaborative partners' ability to
successfully develop and obtain regulatory approval for T-20 and other product
candidates and compounds discovered by the Company, and to develop the capacity,
either internally or through relationships with third parties, to manufacture,
sell, market and distribute approved products, if any. There can be no assurance
that the Company will ever generate significant revenues or achieve profitable
operations.
Dependence On A Single Product Candidate. T-20 is the only product
candidate developed by the Company which has been tested in humans. The
Company's success will depend, in significant part, upon the ability of the
Company to establish the safety and effectiveness of T-20 in humans, to obtain
the requisite regulatory approvals for the commercialization of T-20, to
establish relationships for the commercial-scale production of T-20 at
acceptable cost and with appropriate quality, to successfully market T-20, and
to achieve market acceptance of T-20 by the medical community, including health
care providers and third-party payors. Failure of the Company or its
collaborative partners to successfully develop and commercialize T-20 would have
a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
Technological Uncertainty. The Company's product development programs are
based upon a novel technology designed to facilitate the discovery of product
candidates and compounds which are designed to treat viral infection through the
inhibition of viral fusion. The Company is not aware of any other approved
antiviral pharmaceutical products which target the inhibition of viral fusion.
Accordingly, product development utilizing the Company's novel mechanism of
action involves a high degree of risk, is highly uncertain, and could result in
unanticipated developments, clinical or regulatory delays, unexpected adverse
side effects or inadequate therapeutic effectiveness, any of which could slow or
suspend the Company's product development efforts which could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations. There can be no assurance that the Company's technologies will lead
to the discovery and development of any commercially viable products, that the
Company's research or product development efforts as to any particular product
candidate or compound will be successfully completed, that any such product
candidates or compounds will be proven to be safe and effective, or that
required regulatory approvals will be obtained. The Company's development
programs are subject to the risks inherent in the development of new products
using new technologies and approaches. There can be no assurance that unforeseen
problems will not develop with these technologies or applications, that the
Company will be able to address successfully technological challenges it
encounters in its research and development programs or that commercially
feasible product candidates or compounds will ultimately be developed by the
Company.
Uncertainties Related To Clinical Trials And Clinical Trial Strategy.
Before obtaining required regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any of
its product candidates or compounds, the Company must demonstrate through
preclinical testing and clinical trials that each product candidate or compound
is safe and effective for use in humans for each target indication. To date, the
Company has conducted initial preclinical testing of certain of its product
candidates and has conducted a Phase I/II clinical trial of T-20. The Company
intends to conduct a Phase II clinical trial and a pivotal clinical trial of
T-20. These clinical trials will involve a relatively small patient population.
No assurance can be given that the results of early clinical trials will support
the commencement of further clinical trials of T-20, that the results of the
clinical trials will support the Company's applications for regulatory approval,
or that regulatory authorities will not require the Company to conduct
additional clinical trials either prior to, or after, regulatory approval is
obtained. The Company may find, at any stage of this complex process, that
potential product candidates or compounds that appeared promising in preclinical
testing and early clinical trials do not demonstrate safety or effectiveness on
a larger scale in advanced clinical trials or do not receive the requisite
regulatory approvals. Accordingly, any product development program undertaken by
the Company may be curtailed, redirected or eliminated at any time, which could
result in delays in conducting further preclinical testing and clinical trials,
in unexpected adverse events in further preclinical testing and clinical trials,
and in additional development expenses. Furthermore, administration of the
Company's potential product candidates or compounds may prove to have
undesirable or unintended side effects in humans. The occurrence of side effects
could interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials of each such product candidate or
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compound and could delay or prevent its approval by the FDA or foreign
regulatory authorities for any and all targeted indications. The Company or the
FDA may suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time if it is believed that
the trial participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks. In
addition, this Form 10-K reflects the Company's estimates regarding the timing
of future preclinical testing and clinical trials. Such preclinical testing and
clinical trials may be delayed or cancelled for a number of reasons, including
the receipt of unanticipated, adverse or ambiguous results from preclinical
testing or clinical trials, the demonstration of undesirable or unintended side
effects, the inability to locate, recruit and qualify sufficient numbers of
patients, lack of funding, the inability to locate or recruit scientists to
undertake or complete planned preclinical testing or clinical trials, the
redesign of the Company's preclinical testing or clinical trial programs, the
inability to manufacture or acquire sufficient quantities of the particular
product candidate or any other components required for preclinical testing or
clinical trials, regulatory delays or other regulatory actions, changes in focus
of the Company's or its collaborators' development efforts, and the disclosure
of clinical trial results by competitors. Accordingly, no assurance can be given
that the Company's preclinical testing or clinical trials will commence on their
target dates, or at all. Delays in such testing and trials could delay
regulatory approval for the Company's product candidates, delay
commercialization of the Company's product candidates, increase operating
expenses, result in the expenditure of additional capital, cause the diversion
of management time and attention, or create adverse market perception about the
Company and its product candidates, any of which could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
The rate of completion of the Company's clinical trials will depend upon,
among other factors, obtaining or manufacturing adequate amounts of the
Company's product candidates from third-party manufacturers and sufficient
patient enrollment. See "Business - Manufacturing" for a description of certain
risks associated with the manufacturing of the Company's product candidates and
compounds. Patient enrollment is a function of many factors, including the size
of the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients
to clinical sites and the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial. Delays in
planned patient enrollment may result in increased costs or delays or both,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Dependence On Collaborations And Licenses With Others. The Company intends
to consider entering into collaborative and license arrangements with
collaborative partners, licensees and third parties to seek regulatory approval
of and to manufacture and commercialize certain of its existing and potential
product candidates and compounds. Accordingly, the Company's success will
depend, in part, upon the subsequent success of such third parties in performing
preclinical testing and clinical trials, obtaining the requisite regulatory
approvals, scaling up manufacturing, successfully commercializing the licensed
product candidates or compounds and otherwise performing their obligations.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain its existing
arrangements or enter into acceptable collaborative and license arrangements in
the future on acceptable terms, if at all, that such arrangements will be
successful, that the parties with which the Company has or may establish
arrangements will perform their obligations under such arrangements, or that
potential collaborators will not compete with the Company by seeking alternative
means of developing therapeutics for the diseases targeted by the Company. There
can also be no assurance that the Company's existing or any future arrangements
will lead to the development of product candidates or compounds with commercial
potential, that the Company will be able to obtain proprietary rights or
licenses for the proprietary rights with respect to any technology or product
candidates or compounds developed in connection with these arrangements, or that
the Company will be able to ensure the confidentiality of any proprietary rights
and information developed in such arrangements or prevent the public disclosure
thereof. The Company currently has a license from Duke University, and in the
future may require additional licenses from these or other parties, to
effectively develop potential product candidates and compounds. Pursuant to the
Duke License, the Company has obtained an exclusive, worldwide license to
existing and certain future technologies in the field of antiviral therapeutics
developed by several researchers at Duke University for the life of each
particular patent filed in connection with such technologies. Unless the Duke
License is renewed, the Company will not be entitled to any additional
technologies developed after 2000 or after any earlier termination. The early
termination of the Duke License due to the Company's failure to develop the
licensed technologies or the failure of the Company to renew the Duke License on
acceptable terms, or at all, could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. Pursuant to
the MiniMed Agreement, the
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Company and MiniMed have agreed to jointly design, develop and implement a
system for the continual delivery of T-20 utilizing the MiniMed continuous
infusion pump. The failure of the Company and MiniMed to achieve their
collective objectives could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no
assurance that such license or agreements can be maintained or that additional
licenses can be obtained on acceptable terms, if at all, or will be renewable if
obtained, or that the patents underlying such licenses, if any, will be valid
and enforceable, or that the proprietary nature of the patented technology
underlying such licenses will remain proprietary.
Future Capital Needs; Uncertainty Of Additional Funding. The Company has
experienced negative cash flows from operations since its inception and does not
anticipate generating sufficient positive cash flows to fund its operations in
the foreseeable future. The Company has expended, and expects to continue to
expend in the future, substantial funds to pursue its product candidate and
compound discovery and development efforts, including expenditures for continued
clinical trials of T-20, the development of a manufacturing process for T-20,
research and development and preclinical testing of other potential product
candidates and compounds discovered by the Company and the development of its
proprietary technology platform. The Company expects that its existing capital
resources, together with the interest earned thereon, will be adequate to fund
its capital requirements through 1998. However, the Company's future capital
requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors,
including the results of the clinical trials relating to T-20, the progress and
scope of the Company's product development programs, the magnitude of these
programs, the results of preclinical testing and clinical trials, the need for
additional facilities based on the results of these clinical trials and other
product development programs, changes in the focus and direction of the
Company's product development programs, the costs involved in preparing, filing,
prosecuting, maintaining, protecting and enforcing patent claims and other
intellectual property rights, competitive factors and technological advances,
the cost, timing and outcome of regulatory reviews, changes in the requirements
of the FDA, administrative and legal expenses, evaluation of the commercial
viability of potential product candidates and compounds, the establishment of
capacity, either internally or through the establishment of relationships with
third parties, for manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution functions
and other factors, many of which are outside of the Company's control. Thus,
there can be no assurance that the current capital resources, together with the
interest earned thereon, will be sufficient to fund the Company's capital
requirements during the period discussed above. The Company believes that
substantial additional funds will be required to continue to fund its operations
and that the Company will be required to obtain additional funds through equity
or debt financings or licenses, agreements or other arrangements with partners
and others, or from other sources. The terms of any such equity financings may
be dilutive to stockholders, and the terms of any debt financings may contain
restrictive covenants which limit the Company's ability to pursue certain
courses of action. There can be no assurance that such funds will be available
to the Company on acceptable terms, if at all, or that any such financings will
be adequate to meet the Company's future capital requirements. If adequate funds
are not available, the Company may be required to delay, scale-back or eliminate
certain aspects of its preclinical testing, clinical trials and research and
development programs or attempt to obtain funds through arrangements with
collaborative partners or others that may require the Company to relinquish
rights to certain of its technologies or product candidates or compounds, which
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Uncertainty Regarding Patents And Proprietary Rights. The Company's success
will depend, in part, on its ability, and the ability of its collaborators or
licensors, to obtain protection for its products and technologies under United
States and foreign patent laws, to preserve its trade secrets, and to operate
without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. Because of the
substantial length of time and expense associated with bringing new products
through development to the marketplace, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industries place considerable importance on obtaining, and maintaining, patent
and trade secret protection for new technologies, products and processes.
The Company has obtained rights to certain patents and patent applications
and may, in the future, seek rights from third parties to additional patents and
patent applications. Legal standards relating to the scope of claims and the
validity of patents in the biopharmaceutical industry are uncertain and still
evolving, and no assurance can be given as to the degree of protection that will
be afforded any patents issued to, or
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licensed by, the Company. There can be no assurance that, if challenged by
others in litigation, any patents assigned to or licensed by the Company, will
not be found invalid. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the Company's
activities would not infringe patents owned by others. Defense and prosecution
of patent matters can be expensive and time-consuming and, regardless of whether
the outcome is favorable to the Company, can result in the diversion of
substantial financial, management and other resources. An adverse outcome could
subject the Company to significant liability to third parties, require the
Company to obtain licenses from third parties, or require the Company to cease
any related research and development activities and product sales. No assurance
can be given that any licenses required under any such patents or proprietary
rights would be made available on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all.
Moreover, the laws of certain countries may not protect the Company's
proprietary rights to the same extent as U.S. law.
The Company also relies on trade secrets, know-how and other proprietary
information, which it seeks to protect, in part, through the use of
confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants, advisors, and others.
There can be no assurance that such agreements will provide adequate protection
for the Company's trade secrets, know-how, or other proprietary information in
the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure, that employees of the Company,
consultants, advisors or others will maintain the confidentiality of such trade
secrets or proprietary information, or that the trade secrets or proprietary
know-how of the Company will not otherwise become known, or be independently
developed, by competitors.
In January 1997, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the
"USPTO") instituted an interference proceeding between an issued patent licensed
by the Company from Duke University and a pending patent application owned by a
third party. An interference proceeding is an action, in the USPTO, to determine
which, of several parties, is entitled to a patent. The Company believes that no
interference-in-fact exists, i.e., that the parties to the interference are not
claiming the same patentable invention, and, through its licensor, the Company
is taking all reasonable action to have the interference proceeding dismissed.
However, no assurance can be given that the interference proceeding will be
dismissed. Failure of the Company's licensor to prevail in the interference
proceeding and any loss of the involved patent rights could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Extensive Government Regulation; No Assurance Of Regulatory Approval. Human
pharmaceutical products are subject to lengthy and rigorous preclinical testing
and clinical trials and other extensive, costly and time-consuming procedures
mandated by the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities. The regulatory approval
process, which includes the establishment of the safety and effectiveness of
each product candidate and compound for each target indication and confirmation
by the FDA that good laboratory, clinical and manufacturing practices were
maintained during testing and manufacturing, typically takes a number of years,
varying based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the pharmaceutical
product. This process requires the expenditure of substantial resources and
gives larger companies with greater financial resources a competitive advantage
over the Company. To date, no product candidate or compound being evaluated by
the Company has been submitted for approval by the FDA or any other regulatory
authority for commercialization, and there can be no assurance that any such
product candidate or compound will ever be approved for commercialization or
that the Company will be able to obtain the labeling claims desired for its
product candidates or compounds. There can be no assurance that submission to
the FDA of a request for authorization to conduct clinical trials on an
investigational drug will be approved on a trial basis, if at all. There can be
no assurance that if clinical trials are successfully completed, the Company
will be able to submit an NDA in a timely manner or that any such NDA will be
approved by the FDA. The approval process is affected by a number of factors,
including the severity of the targeted indications, the availability of
alternative treatments and the risks and benefits demonstrated in the clinical
trials. Any failure of the Company to successfully complete its clinical trials
and obtain approvals of corresponding NDAs would have a material adverse effect
on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. The
Company is and will continue to be dependent upon the laboratories conducting
its preclinical testing and clinical trials to maintain both good laboratory and
good clinical practices, and, if any of the Company's product candidates or
compounds obtain the requisite regulatory approvals, the Company will be
dependent upon any third-party manufacturers of its products to maintain
compliance with the FDA's GMP requirements. Various federal and foreign statutes
and regulations also govern or influence the manufacturing, safety, labeling,
storage, record-keeping and marketing of pharmaceutical products.
16
<PAGE>
The process of obtaining these approvals and the subsequent compliance with
appropriate United States and foreign statutes and regulations are
time-consuming and will require the expenditure of substantial resources by the
Company. In addition, these requirements and processes vary widely from country
to country. The time required for completing preclinical testing and clinical
trials is uncertain, and the FDA approval process is unpredictable and
uncertain, and no assurance can be given that necessary approvals will be
granted on a timely basis, or at all. The Company may decide to replace a
product candidate or compound in preclinical testing and/or clinical trials with
a modified product candidate or compound, thus extending the development period.
In addition, the FDA or similar foreign regulatory authorities may require
additional clinical trials, which could result in increased costs and
significant development delays. Delays or rejections may also be encountered
based upon changes in legislation, administrative action or FDA policy during
the period of product development and FDA review, including changes in FDA
policy relating to clinical testing guidelines for the use of the Company's
product candidates or compounds in children. Similar delays or rejections may be
encountered in other countries.
While certain of the Company's product candidates and compounds, including
T-20, have been and will continue to be designed to treat serious or
life-threatening illnesses, such product candidates and compounds may not
qualify for accelerated development and/or approval under FDA regulations and,
even if some of the Company's product candidates or compounds qualify for
accelerated development and/or approval, they may not be approved for marketing
on an accelerated basis, or at all. There can be no assurance that, even after
substantial time and expenditures, any of the Company's product candidates or
compounds under development will receive commercialization approval in any
country on a timely basis, or at all. If the Company is unable to demonstrate
the safety and effectiveness of its product candidates and compounds to the
satisfaction of the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities, the Company will be
unable to commercialize its product candidates and compounds and the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and
adversely affected.
The effect of governmental regulation may be to delay the marketing of new
products or compounds for a considerable period of time, to impose costly
requirements on the Company's activities or to provide a competitive advantage
to other companies that compete with the Company. Adverse clinical results by
others could have a negative impact on the regulatory process and timing with
respect to the development and approval of the Company's product candidates or
compounds. A delay in obtaining or failure to obtain regulatory approvals could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations. The extent and character of potentially adverse
governmental regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative
action cannot be predicted.
In April 1997, the Company and MiniMed entered into the MiniMed Agreement
pursuant to which the parties have agreed to jointly design, develop and
implement a system for the delivery of T-20 utilizing the MiniMed continuous
infusion pump. There can be no assurance that the FDA will approve, on a timely
basis, if at all, the delivery of T-20 utilizing the MiniMed continuous infusion
pump. The failure of the Company and MiniMed to collectively develop a continual
T-20 delivery system which receives FDA approval on a timely basis could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
The Company and its existing and potential future collaborative partners
are also subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations
relating to safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices, the
experimental use of animals and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially
hazardous substances, including radioactive compounds and infectious disease
agents, used in connection with the Company's product development programs.
Compliance with such laws, regulations and requirements may be costly and
time-consuming and the failure to maintain such compliance by the Company or its
existing and future collaborative partners could have a material adverse effect
on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, this Form 10-K reflects the Company's estimates regarding
future regulatory submission dates. Regulatory submissions can be delayed, or
plans to submit proposed products can be cancelled, for a number of reasons,
including the receipt of unanticipated preclinical testing or clinical trial
reports, changes
17
<PAGE>
in regulations, adoption of new, or unanticipated enforcement of existing,
regulations, technological developments and competitive developments.
Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the Company's anticipated
submissions will be made on their target dates, or at all. Delays in such
submissions could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Intense Competition. The Company is engaged in segments of the
biopharmaceutical industry, including the treatment of HIV, that are intensely
competitive and rapidly changing. If successfully developed and approved, the
product candidates and compounds that the Company is currently developing will
compete with numerous existing therapies. For example, at least 11 drugs are
currently approved for the treatment of HIV. In addition, a number of companies
are pursuing the development of novel pharmaceutical products that target the
same diseases that the Company is targeting, and some companies, including
several multinational pharmaceutical companies, are simultaneously marketing
several different drugs and may therefore be able to market their own
combination drug therapies. The Company believes that a significant number of
drugs are currently under development and will become available in the future
for the treatment of HIV. The Company anticipates that it will face intense and
increasing competition in the future as new products enter the market and
advanced technologies become available. There can be no assurance that existing
products or new products for the treatment of HIV developed by the Company's
competitors, including Glaxo Wellcome plc, Merck & Co., Inc., Agouron
Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Abbott Laboratories, Inc., will not be more effective,
or more effectively marketed and sold, than T-20, should it be successfully
developed and receive regulatory approval, or any other therapeutic for HIV that
may be developed by the Company. Competitive products or the development by
others of a cure or new treatment methods may render the Company's technologies
and products and compounds obsolete, noncompetitive or uneconomical prior to the
Company's recovery of development or commercialization expenses incurred with
respect to any such technologies or products or compounds. Many of the Company's
competitors have significantly greater financial, technical and human resources
than the Company and may be better equipped to develop, manufacture, sell,
market and distribute products. In addition, many of these companies have
extensive experience in preclinical testing and clinical trials, obtaining FDA
and other regulatory approvals and manufacturing and marketing pharmaceutical
products. Many of these competitors also have products that have been approved
or are in late-stage development and operate large, well-funded research and
development programs. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant
competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large
pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Furthermore, academic institutions,
governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations are
becoming increasingly aware of the commercial value of their inventions and are
more actively seeking to commercialize the technology they have developed.
New developments in areas in which the Company is conducting its research
and development are expected to continue at a rapid pace in both industry and
academia. If the Company's product candidates and compounds are successfully
developed and approved, the Company will face competition based on the safety
and effectiveness of its products and compounds, the timing and scope of
regulatory approvals, availability of manufacturing, sales, marketing and
distribution capabilities, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position.
There can be no assurance that the Company's competitors will not develop more
effective or more affordable technologies or products, or achieve earlier patent
protection, product development or product commercialization than the Company.
Accordingly, the Company's competitors may succeed in commercializing products
more rapidly or effectively than the Company, which could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Lack Of Manufacturing Capabilities. The Company has no experience in
manufacturing pharmaceuticals, no commercial manufacturing capacity and limited
experience in manufacturing process development. The Company has established
relationships and intends to establish additional relationships with third-party
manufacturers for the production of quantities of its product candidates or
compounds sufficient to conduct its planned preclinical testing and clinical
trials and the commercial production of any approved products or compounds.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to retain or establish
relationships with third-party manufacturers on acceptable terms, if at all, or
that such third-party manufacturers will be able to manufacture products in
commercial quantities under current GMP requirements on a cost-effective basis.
The Company's anticipated peptide-based therapeutics are difficult and expensive
to manufacture using existing technologies. The Company, and its third-party
manufacturers,
18
<PAGE>
are currently using solid-phase sequential peptide synthesis to manufacture
T-20. This chemical methodology is inherently inefficient and complex. The
Company is currently attempting to develop a novel manufacturing process for
T-20 which could be more cost-effective than currently available methods of
production. There can be no assurance of success of this process development.
Currently available manufacturing methodologies are expensive and such costs, as
well as the Company's current dependence on third parties for the manufacture of
its products, and product candidates, could adversely affect the Company's
profit margins and its ability to commercialize T-20. There can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to manufacture T-20 on a cost-effective or timely
basis. The Company's dependence upon third parties for the manufacture of its
products, product candidates and compounds may materially and adversely affect
the Company's profit margins and its ability to develop and commercialize
product candidates, products and compounds on a timely and competitive basis.
Further, there can be no assurance that manufacturing or quality control
problems will not arise in connection with the manufacture of the Company's
products, product candidates or compounds or that third-party manufacturers will
maintain the necessary governmental licenses and approvals to continue
manufacturing the Company's products, product candidates or compounds. Any
failure to maintain existing or establish new relationships with third parties
for the Company's manufacturing requirements on a timely basis and on acceptable
terms would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Lack Of Sales, Marketing And Distribution Capabilities. The Company has no
experience in sales, marketing or distribution of pharmaceuticals and currently
has no personnel employed in any such capacities. Some therapeutics for HIV can
be marketed to a concentrated group of physicians in a relatively narrow
geographic scope. The Company may consider developing internal sales, marketing
and distribution capabilities for T-20, should it be successfully developed and
receive regulatory approval. For the remainder of the Company's product
candidates and compounds, should they be successfully developed and receive
regulatory approval, the Company may rely on marketing partners or other
arrangements with third parties which have established distribution systems and
direct sales forces for the sales, marketing, and distribution of such products
and compounds. In the event that the Company is unable to reach agreement with
one or more marketing partners to market these other products and compounds, the
Company would be required to develop internal sales, marketing and distribution
capabilities for such products and compounds. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to establish sales, marketing or distribution capabilities
or make arrangements with third parties to perform such activities on acceptable
terms, if at all, or that any internal capabilities or third-party arrangements
will be cost-effective. The failure to establish such capabilities would have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
In addition, any third parties with which the Company establishes sales,
marketing or distribution arrangements may have significant control over
important aspects of the commercialization of the Company's products and
compounds, including market identification, marketing methods, pricing,
composition of sales force and promotional activities. For example, the MiniMed
Agreement contemplates that MiniMed will participate in the sales, marketing and
distribution of any products jointly developed by the parties. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to control the amount and timing of
resources that MiniMed or any other third party may devote to the Company's
products or compounds or prevent any third party from pursuing alternative
technologies or products that could result in the development of products that
compete with the Company's products and the withdrawal of support for the
Company's products.
Uncertainty Of Market Acceptance. The Company's success will depend upon
the acceptance by the medical community, including health care providers and
third-party payors, of the Company's antifusion technology as a safe and
effective means of treating viral infection. The Company's success will
additionally be dependent upon the acceptance by the medical community,
including health care providers and third-party payors, of any products or
compounds developed by the Company. The degree of market acceptance will depend
upon a number of factors, including the establishment and demonstration in
clinical trials of the safety and effectiveness of the Company's products and
compounds, the receipt and scope of regulatory approvals, the demonstration of
the potential advantages of the Company's products and compounds over existing
treatment methods, and the reimbursement policies of government and third-party
payors with respect to antiviral therapeutics based upon blocking viral fusion.
Moreover, companies that market and sell
19
<PAGE>
HIV antivirals and other HIV-related therapeutics have from time to time been
subject to protests and boycotts by patient advocacy and activist groups. These
protests and boycotts have focused on, among other things, availability of such
therapeutics and pricing concerns. Market acceptance of such therapeutics,
including any products or compounds that the Company may develop, will be
dependent, in part, on the continued support by such groups. There can be no
assurance that the Company's products or compounds will achieve significant
market acceptance on a timely basis, or at all. Failure of some or all of the
Company's products, if successfully developed, to achieve significant market
acceptance would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Dependence On Third Parties For Clinical Trials. The Company has engaged,
and intends to continue to engage, third-party contract research organizations
("CROs") to perform certain functions in connection with the development of the
Company's product candidates and compounds. The Company intends to design
clinical trials, but have CROs conduct the clinical trials, and the Company will
rely on the CROs to perform many important aspects of the clinical trials. As a
result, these aspects of the Company's product development programs will be
outside the direct control of the Company. There can be no assurance that the
CROs or other third parties will perform all of their obligations under their
arrangements with the Company. In addition, there can be no assurance that any
such arrangements will be renewed or any new arrangements will be available on
acceptable terms, if at all, or that any such arrangements, if entered into,
will be successful. In the event that the CROs do not perform clinical trials in
a satisfactory manner or breach their obligations to the Company, the
commercialization of any product candidate or compound may be delayed or
precluded, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Uncertainty Of Third-Party Reimbursement And Health Care Reform Measures.
In the United States and elsewhere, sales of prescription pharmaceuticals are
dependent, in part, on the availability of reimbursement to the consumer from
third-party payors, such as government agencies and private insurance plans.
Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical
products and services in an effort to promote cost containment measures and
alternative health care delivery systems and they may mandate predetermined
discounts from list prices. If the Company succeeds in bringing one or more
products or compounds to the market, there can be no assurance that these
products or compounds will be considered cost-effective or that reimbursement to
the consumer will be available or will be sufficient to allow the Company or its
potential collaborative partners to sell the Company's products or compounds on
a competitive basis. The business and financial condition of pharmaceutical
companies will continue to be affected by economic, political and regulatory
influences, including the efforts of governments and third-party payors to
contain or reduce the cost of health care through various means. A number of
legislative and regulatory proposals aimed at changing the health care system
have been proposed in recent years. Because of the high cost of the treatment of
AIDS or HIV using combination therapy, many state legislatures are reassessing
reimbursement policies for such therapy. In addition, an increasing emphasis on
managed care in the United States to reduce the overall costs of health care has
and will continue to increase the pressure on pharmaceutical pricing. While the
Company cannot predict whether legislative or regulatory proposals will be
adopted or the effect those proposals or managed care efforts may have, the
announcement and/or adoption of such proposals or efforts could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Hazardous Materials. The Company's product development programs involve the
controlled use of hazardous materials, chemicals, viruses and various
radioactive compounds, including Class IV type hazardous materials. Although the
Company believes that its handling and disposing of such materials comply with
the standards prescribed by state and federal regulations, the risk of
accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely
eliminated. In the event of such an accident, the Company could be held liable
for any damages or fines that result and any such liability could exceed the
resources of the Company. The Company may incur substantial additional costs to
comply with environmental regulations if the Company develops manufacturing
capacity.
Absence Of Product Liability Insurance; Insurance Risks. The Company's
business will expose it to potential product liability risks that are inherent
in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products. There
can be no assurance that product liability claims will not be asserted against
20
<PAGE>
the Company. In addition, the use of pharmaceutical products that may be
developed by the Company's potential collaborators in clinical trials and the
subsequent sale of products by the Company or its potential collaborators may
cause the Company to bear a portion of those risks. A successful product
liability claim or series of claims brought against the Company could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations. The Company does not currently have any product liability
insurance relating to clinical trials or any products or compounds it may
develop and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain or
maintain adequate product liability insurance on acceptable terms, if at all, or
that such insurance will provide adequate coverage against potential
liabilities. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any collaborators or
licensees of the Company will agree to indemnify the Company, be sufficiently
insured, or have a net worth sufficient to satisfy any product liability claims.
Claims or losses in excess of any product liability insurance coverage that may
be obtained by the Company could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations.
Need To Attract And Retain Key Officers, Employees And Consultants. The
Company is highly dependent upon the efforts of the principal members of its
scientific and management staff. The loss of the services of one or more members
of the Company's scientific or management staff could significantly delay or
prevent the achievement of the Company's research, development or business
objectives and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations. At present, the Company only has
individual employment agreements with Dr. M. Ross Johnson, the Company's
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer, and Mr. Matthew
A. Megaro, the Company's Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer,
Executive Vice President and Secretary. In addition, the Company relies on
consultants and advisors, including the members of its Scientific Advisory
Board, to assist the Company in formulating its research and development
strategy. The loss of the services of certain members of the Company's
Scientific Advisory Board or certain consultants could materially and adversely
affect the Company to the extent that the Company is pursuing research or
development in areas of such scientific advisor's or consultant's expertise. Due
to the specialized scientific nature of the Company's business, the Company is
also highly dependent upon its ability to attract and retain qualified
scientific, technical and key management personnel. There is intense competition
for qualified personnel in the areas of the Company's activities by academic
institutions, biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies and there can
be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to attract and retain
the qualified personnel necessary for the development of its existing business
and its expansion into areas and activities requiring additional expertise. The
loss of, or failure to recruit, scientific, technical, and managerial personnel
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations.
The Company's scientific advisors and consultants may be employed by or
have consulting agreements with entities other than the Company, some of which
may compete with the Company. To the extent that members of the Company's
Scientific Advisory Board or the consultants have consulting arrangements with
or become employed by any competitor of the Company, the Company's business,
financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely
affected. Under certain circumstances, inventions or processes independently
discovered by the scientific advisors or the consultants will remain the
property of such persons or their employers. In addition, the institutions with
which the scientific advisors and the consultants are affiliated may make
available the research services of their scientific and other skilled personnel,
including the scientific advisors and the consultants, to competitors of the
Company pursuant to sponsored research agreements. Under such sponsored research
agreements, such institutions may be obligated to assign or license to a
competitor of the Company patents and other proprietary information that may
result from research sponsored by an entity other than the Company, including
research performed by a scientific advisor or a consultant for a competitor of
the Company.
The Company requires all employees, consultants and certain of its
contractors to enter into confidentiality agreements that prohibit the
disclosure of confidential information to anyone outside the Company and require
disclosure and assignment to the Company of their ideas, developments,
discoveries or inventions developed during the course of their service to the
Company. However, no assurance can be given that competitors of the Company will
not gain access to trade secrets and other proprietary information developed by
the Company and disclosed to the scientific advisors and the consultants.
21
<PAGE>
Control By Directors, Executive Officers And Affiliated Entities. The
Company's directors, executive officers and entities affiliated with them, in
the aggregate, beneficially own approximately 28.7% of the Company's outstanding
shares of Common. As a result, these stockholders, if acting together, are able
to significantly influence all matters requiring approval by the stockholders of
the Company, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers and
consolidations, sales of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company
or other business combination transactions. This may discourage a tender offer
for the Company's Common Stock or a change in control of the Company.
Anti-Takeover Effect Of Certain Charter And Bylaw Provisions. The Company's
Board of Directors is authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of Preferred
Stock and to determine the price, rights, preferences and limitations of those
shares without any further vote or action by the Company's stockholders. The
rights of the holders of Common Stock will be subject to, and may be adversely
affected by, the rights of the holders of any Preferred Stock that may be issued
in the future. While the Company has no present intention to issue shares of
Preferred Stock, such issuance could have the effect of making it more difficult
for a third party to acquire a majority of the outstanding voting stock of the
Company. In addition, the Company is subject to the provisions of Section 203 of
the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL") which, subject to certain
exceptions, prohibits the Company from engaging in certain business combinations
with certain stockholders (each, an "interested stockholder") for a period of
three years after the date of the transaction in which the stockholder became an
interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a
prescribed manner. The application of Section 203 could have the effect of
delaying or preventing a change of control of the Company. The Company's Third
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides for staggered terms
for the members of the Board of Directors. The staggered Board of Directors, the
Company's Third Amended and Certificate of Incorporation and certain provisions
of the DGCL may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in
control of the Company, may discourage bids for the Common Stock at a premium
over the market price and may adversely affect the market price, and the voting
and other rights of the holders, of the Common Stock.
Possible Volatility Of Stock Price. The Company's stock price has
fluctuated substantially since its initial public offering was completed in
October 1997. The market price of the Common Stock, like that of the securities
of many other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, is likely to be highly
volatile. Factors such as announcements of technological innovations or new
products by the Company or its competitors, preclinical testing or clinical
trial results relating to or regulatory approvals or disapprovals of the
Company's or competitors' product candidates, government regulation, health care
legislation, developments or disputes concerning patent or other proprietary
rights of the Company or its competitors, including litigation, fluctuations in
the Company's operating results, changes in the recommendations of securities
analysts, and market prices of the capital stock of biotechnology and
pharmaceutical companies in general could have a significant impact on the
future market price of the Common Stock. In addition, the stock market has from
time to time experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that may be
unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. In addition, in
the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of the securities
of companies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, securities
class action litigation has often been instituted against those companies. Such
litigation, if instituted against the Company, could result in substantial costs
and a diversion of management attention and resources, which would have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations. The realization of any of the risks described in these
"Risk Factors" could have a dramatic and adverse impact on the market price of
the Common Stock.
No Dividends. The Company has not paid cash dividends on its Common Stock
since its inception and does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the
foreseeable future.
Item 2. Properties
The Company currently leases approximately 21,000 square feet of laboratory
and office space at 4727 University Drive, Suite 100, Durham, North Carolina.
The Company leases this space under a sublease agreement which expires on
September 30, 1999. Depending on the results of clinical trials and the progress
22
<PAGE>
of the Company's product development programs, the Company may require
facilities in addition to those currently under lease. The Company believes that
there will be suitable facilities available as needed.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company is not a party to any material legal proceedings as of the date
of this Form 10-K.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth
quarter of 1997.
PART II.
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
The Company's Common Stock has traded on the NASDAQ National Market System
under the NASDAQ symbol "TRMS" since the Company's initial public offering at
$12.00 per share was consummated on October 7, 1998. The Company has not paid
cash dividends in the past and none are expected to be paid in the future. As of
March 20, 1998, the Company had approximately 118 shareholders of record, and
believes it has approximately 500 beneficial shareholders. The following table
sets forth the high and low closing sales prices for the Company's Common Stock
since public trading commenced on October 7, 1997. Such quotations reflect
inter-dealer prices without mark-up, mark-down or commissions and may not
necessarily represent actual transactions.
Year ended December 31, 1997
High Low
-------------- ---------------
1st Quarter........................... * *
2nd Quarter........................... * *
3rd Quarter........................... * *
4th Quarter........................... $17.00 $11.88
* The Company's Common Stock began trading on October 7, 1997.
Use of Proceeds:
The effective date of the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1,
registering 2,875,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company, was October 6,
1997. A subsequent registration statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-37319,
filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act and
registering 287,500 additional shares of Common Stock, was filed and became
effective on October 7, 1997.
The date of the commencement of the offering of such registered shares was
October 7, 1997, and the offering terminated on November 12, 1997, upon the
closing of the underwriters' exercise of their over-allotment option with
respect to 412,500 of the registered shares. The managing underwriters in the
offering were UBS Securities LLC and NationsBanc Montgomery Securities, Inc.
23
<PAGE>
Information concerning the registered shares as of the date of this report is
set forth below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Title of Security: Common Stock
------------------ ------------
<S> <C>
Amount Registered:........................................................ 3,162,500
Aggregate Price of the Offering Amount Registered:........................ $ 37,950,000
Amount Sold:.............................................................. 3,162,500
Aggregate Offering Price of Amount Sold:.................................. $ 37,950,000
Actual expenses incurred to date by the Company in connection with the issuance
and distribution of the registered shares are as follows:
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions:................................... $ 2,656,500
Finders' Fee:............................................................. --
Expenses Paid To or For Underwriters:..................................... --
Other Expenses:........................................................... 761,500
------------
Total:.................................................................... $ 3,418,000
============
</TABLE>
All of the expenses listed above were direct or indirect payments to others and
not payments to directors, officers, affiliates or 10% stockholders of the
Company. The amount of net offering proceeds to the Company after the total
expenses listed above is approximately $34,532,000.
A reasonable estimate of the amount of the net offering proceeds used by the
Company from the effective date of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 to the
date of this report for each of the purposes listed below is as follows:
Construction of Plant, Building and Facilities: $ --
Purchase and Installation of Machinery and Equipment $ --
Purchase of Real Estate: $ --
Acquisition of Other Businesses: $ --
Repayment of Indebtedness: $ --
Working Capital: $ --
Temporary Investments: $ --
Short Term: $ 34,532,000
Long Term: $ --
Other (specify): $ --
Other Purposes for which at least 5% of the Total Proceeds
(or $100,000, whichever is less) Has Been Used $ --
All of the above-referenced payments were direct or indirect payments to
others and not payments to directors, officers, affiliates or 10% stockholders
of the Company. The use of proceeds listed above does not represent a material
change in the use of proceeds described in the Company's Prospectus filed as a
part of the Registration Statement on Form S-1.
24
<PAGE>
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected financial data set forth below with respect to the Company's
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997
and with respect to the Company's Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1996 and
1997 are derived from the audited Financial Statements of the Company which are
included elsewhere in this Form 10-K and are qualified by reference to such
Financial Statements and the related Notes thereto. Statements of Operations
data for the period from inception (January 7, 1993) through December 31, 1993
and the year ended December 31, 1994 and Balance Sheet data at December 31,
1993, 1994 and 1995 are derived from audited Financial Statements of the Company
not included herein. The selected financial data set forth below is qualified in
its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the Financial
Statements, the related Notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this
Form 10-K.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Period
from Cumulative
Inception from
(January Inception
7, 1993) (January 7,
through For the Years Ended December 31, 1993) to
December -------------------------------------------- December 31,
31, 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -----------
(in thousands, except per share data)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Statements of Operations
Data:
Revenue ..................... $ -- $ -- $ 104 $ 55 $ 431 $ 590
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Operating expense:
Research and development
expenses ................. 691 2,747 4,012 5,146 9,734 22,330
General and administrative
expenses ................. 631 947 1,520 1,761 2,596 7,456
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total operating expenses .... 1,322 3,694 5,532 6,907 12,330 29,786
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Operating loss .............. (1,322) (3,694) (5,428) (6,852) (11,899) (29,196)
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Interest income ............. 16 8 49 47 584 706
Interest expense ............ (5) (258) (360) (167) (113) (903)
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total other income .......... 11 (250) (311) (120) 471 (197)
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Net loss .................... $ (1,311) $ (3,944) $ (5,739) $ (6,972) $(11,428) $(29,393)
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Basic net loss per share(1) . (1.48) (1.55)
======== ========
Weighted average shares used
in computing basic net loss
per share(1) ............... 4,705 7,395
======== ========
</TABLE>
(1) Computed on the basis described in Note 1 to Financial Statements.
25
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
As of December 31,
---------------------------------------------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
-------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
(in thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 509 $ 277 $ 1,343 $ 132 $ 32,557
Working capital (deficiency) 183 (4,067) 322 (1,305) 34,733
Total assets 1,802 1,873 3,058 1,684 38,844
Long-term notes payable and capital
lease obligations, less current
portion 401 751 703 575 240
Accumulated deficit (1,311) (5,254) (10,994) (17,965) (29,393)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) 701 (3,236) 1,324 (409) 35,810
</TABLE>
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operation
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of
operations of the Company should be read in conjunction with the financial
statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. The results of the Company's previous clinical trials are not
necessarily indicative of future clinical trials and actual results may differ
significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements.
Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not
limited to, those discussed under the headings "Risk Factors" and "Business", as
well as those discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Further information
regarding these factors, as well as other factors that could cause actual
results to differ materially from those set forth in such forward-looking
statements, is discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" included in the
Company's S-1 Registration Statement as declared effective by the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) on October 6, 1997 and from time to time in Trimeris'
filings with the SEC, which should be read in conjunction with this Form 10-K.
The Company undertakes no obligation to release publicly the results of any
revisions to the statements contained in this report to reflect events or
circumstances arising after the date hereof.
Overview
Trimeris commenced operations in January 1993, has a limited operating
history and is a development stage company. Since its inception, substantially
all of the Company's resources have been dedicated to the development,
patenting, preclinical testing and a Phase I/II clinical trial of T-20, the
development of a manufacturing process for T-20, production of drug material for
future clinical trials, the development of its proprietary technology platform
and research and development and preclinical testing of other potential product
candidates and compounds discovered by the Company. The Company has incurred
losses since its inception and, as of December 31, 1997, had an accumulated
deficit of approximately $29.4 million. The Company has received revenue solely
from SBIR grants and an investigative contract and has yet to generate any
revenue from product sales or royalties, and there can be no assurance that it
will be able to generate any such revenues or royalties in the future.
Product candidates and compounds discovered by the Company and developed
through the Company's product development programs will require significant
additional, time-consuming and costly research and development, preclinical
testing and extensive clinical trials prior to submission of any regulatory
application for commercial use. The Company has incurred losses since its
inception. Such losses have resulted principally from expenses incurred in the
Company's research and development activities associated with the development,
patenting, preclinical testing and a Phase I/II clinical trial of T-20, the
development of a manufacturing process for T-20, production of drug material for
future clinical trials, the development of its proprietary technology platform,
research and development and preclinical testing of other potential product
candidates and compounds discovered by the Company, and from general and
administrative expenses. The Company expects to incur substantial losses for the
foreseeable future and expects losses to increase as the Company's research and
development, preclinical testing, drug production, and clinical trial efforts
expand. The amount and timing of the Company's operating expenses will depend on
several factors, including the status of the Company's research and development
activities, product candidate and compound discovery and development efforts,
including preclinical testing and clinical trials, the timing of regulatory
actions, the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining,
protecting and enforcing patent claims and other proprietary rights, the ability
of the Company to establish, internally
26
<PAGE>
or through relationships with third parties, manufacturing, sales, marketing and
distribution capabilities, technological and other changes in the competitive
landscape, changes in the Company's existing research and development
relationships and strategic alliances, evaluation of the commercial viability of
potential product candidates and other factors, many of which are outside of the
Company's control. As a result, the Company believes that period-to-period
comparisons of financial results in the future are not necessarily meaningful
and results of operations in prior periods should not be relied upon as an
indication of future performance. Any deviations in results from operations from
levels expected by securities analysts and investors could have a material
adverse effect on the market price of the Common Stock. The Company's ability to
achieve profitability will depend, in part, upon its or its collaborated
partners' ability to successfully develop and obtain regulatory approval for
T-20 and other product candidates and compounds discovered by the Company, and
to develop the capacity, either internally or through relationships with third
parties, to manufacture, sell, market and distribute approved products, if any.
There can be no assurance that the Company will ever generate significant
revenues or achieve profitable operations.
Results Of Operations
Comparison Of Years Ended December 31, 1995, 1996 And 1997
Revenue. Total revenue was approximately $104,000, $55,000 and $431,000 for
1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. An SBIR grant was received in 1995, and
revenue was recognized as earned under this grant in 1995 and 1996. During 1997,
approximately $331,000 was received under SBIR grants, and $100,000 was received
under an investigative contract.
Research And Development Expenses. Total research and development expenses
increased from approximately $4.0 million in 1995 to approximately $5.1 million
in 1996 and increased to approximately $9.7 million in 1997. The increases are
primarily due to increased costs related to additional personnel and related
laboratory research supplies to support these personnel. During 1996, the
Company began a Phase I/II clinical trial for T-20 and incurred costs associated
with these clinical trials which continued into 1997. To supply the clinical
trials during 1997, the Company purchased drug material from third party
manufacturers, and created an in-house group dedicated to the development of an
improved manufacturing process. Total research personnel were 25, 25 and 29 at
December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. The Company expects its research
and development expenses to increase substantially in the future due to
continued expansion of product development activities, including preclinical
research and testing, expanded clinical trials, and the manufacture of drug
material.
General And Administrative Expenses. Total general and administrative
expenses increased from approximately $1.5 million in 1995 to approximately $1.8
million in 1996, and increased to approximately $2.6 million in 1997. These
increases are primarily due to increased costs related to additional personnel
and professional fees incurred in the patent application process. The Company
expects its administrative expenses to increase in the future to support the
expansion of its product development activities.
Other Income (Expense). Other income (expense) consists of interest income
and expense. Total other expense decreased from approximately $311,000 in 1995
to approximately $120,000 in 1996 due to decreased interest expense on capital
leases. Total other income was approximately $471,000 in 1997 due to a slight
decrease in interest expense on capital leases and a significant increase in
interest income due to investment of proceeds received in the Company's initial
public offering in October, 1997.
Liquidity And Capital Resources
Since inception, the Company has financed its operations primarily through
the private placement of equity securities, the issuance of notes to
stockholders, equipment lease financing, and an initial public offering in
October 1997. Net cash used by operating activities was approximately $4.8
million, approximately $5.8 million and approximately $9.0 million in 1995, 1996
and 1997, respectively. The cash used by operating activities was used primarily
to fund research and development and general and administrative expenses. Cash
provided by financing activities was approximately $6.1 million,
27
<PAGE>
approximately $4.8 million, and approximately $46.5 million in 1995, 1996 and
1997, respectively. The cash provided by financing activities was primarily from
the sale of equity securities and notes to stockholders.
As of December 31, 1997, the Company had approximately $37.4 million in
cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, compared to approximately
$132,000 as of December 31, 1996. The increase resulted from the receipt of
approximately $12.8 million from the sale of private equity securities and the
Company's initial public offering of $34.5 million during 1997, partially offset
by approximately $9.0 million used by operations.
The Company has experienced negative cash flows from operations since its
inception and does not anticipate generating sufficient positive cash flows to
fund its operations in the foreseeable future. The Company has expended, and
expects to continue to expend in the future, substantial funds to pursue its
product candidate and compound discovery and development efforts, including
expenditures for continued clinical trials of T-20, research and development and
preclinical testing of other product candidates and compounds discovered by the
Company, manufacture of drug material, and the development of its proprietary
technology platform. As of December 31, 1997, the Company had commitments of
approximately $1 million to purchase product candidate materials and fund
various clinical studies, and expects to expend approximately $1 million in
capital expenditures during 1998. These expenditures may be financed with
capital or operating leases, debt or working capital. The Company expects that
its existing capital resources, together with the interest earned thereon, will
be adequate to fund its capital requirements through 1998. However, the
Company's future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will
depend on many factors, including the results of the clinical trials relating to
T-20, the progress and scope of the Company's product development programs, the
magnitude of these programs, the results of preclinical testing and clinical
trials, the need for additional facilities based on the results of these
clinical trials and other product development programs, changes in the focus and
direction of the Company's product development programs, the costs involved in
preparing, filing, processing, maintaining, protecting and enforcing patent
claims and other intellectual property rights, competitive factors and
technological advances, the cost, timing and outcome of regulatory reviews,
changes in the requirements of the FDA, administrative and legal expenses,
evaluation of the commercial viability of potential product candidates and
compounds, the establishment of capacity, either internally or through
relationships with third parties, for manufacturing, sales, marketing and
distribution functions and other factors, many of which are outside of the
Company's control. Thus, there can be no assurance that the current cash and
investment balance, together with the interest earned thereon, will be
sufficient to fund the Company's capital requirements during the period
discussed above. The Company believes that substantial additional funds will be
required to continue to fund its operations and that the Company will be
required to obtain additional funds through equity or debt financing or
licenses, agreements or other arrangements with collaborative partners and
others, or from other sources. The terms of any such equity financings may be
dilutive to stockholders and the terms of any debt financings may contain
restrictive covenants which limit the Company's ability to pursue certain
courses of action. There can be no assurance that such funds will be available
to the Company on acceptable terms, if at all, or that such financings will be
adequate to meet the Company's future capital requirements. If adequate funds
are not available, the Company may be required to delay, scale-back or eliminate
certain aspects of its preclinical testing, clinical trials and research and
development programs or attempt to obtain funds through arrangements with
collaborative partners or others that may require the Company to relinquish
rights to certain of its technologies or product candidates or compounds, which
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Net Operating Loss Carryforwards
As of December 31, 1997, the Company had a net operating loss carryforward
of approximately $28.3 million. The Company has recognized a valuation allowance
equal to the deferred asset represented by this net operating loss carryforward
and therefore recognized no tax benefit. The Company's ability to utilize its
net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to an annual limitation in
future periods pursuant to the "change in ownership rules" under Section 382 of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See Note 6 of Notes to Financial
Statements.
28
<PAGE>
Accounting and Other Matters
In June 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive
Income" ("Statement 130"). Statement 130 establishes standards for reporting and
display of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of
general-purpose financial statements. It does not address issues of recognition
or measurement for comprehensive income and its components. The provisions of
Statement 130 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997.
The Company plans to adopt this statement in fiscal 1998 and will make the
necessary disclosures of comprehensive income for periods beginning in 1998.
In June 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of
an Enterprise and Related Information" ("Statement 131"). Statement 131 requires
that public business enterprises report certain information about operating
segments in complete sets of financial statements issued to shareholders. It
also requires that public business enterprises report certain information about
their products and services, the geographic areas in which they operate and
their major customers. The provisions of Statement 131 are effective for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 1997. Adoption of this pronouncement is not
expected to have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.
In February 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 132, "Employers' Disclosures
about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits". This statements does not
change any measurement or recognition provisions, and thus will not materially
impact the Company. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 1997.
The FASB also issues exposure drafts for proposed statements of financial
accounting standards. Such exposure drafts are subject to comment from the
public, to revisions by the FASB and to final issuance by the FASB as statements
of financial accounting standards. Management considers the effect of the
proposed statements on the financial statements of Trimeris and monitors the
status of changes to issued exposure drafts and to proposed effective dates.
The Company has reviewed its critical computer applications for the impact
that the year 2000 and the requirement for four digit fields to identify the
year will have on its operations. The Company believes that the cost to convert
any non-compliant critical applications will be immaterial, and the consequences
of any non-compliant applications will be insignificant.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The information required by Item 8 is included in Item 14 of this Form
10-K.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure
There have been no changes in or disagreements with the Company's
independent auditors, KPMG Peat Marwick LLP.
29
<PAGE>
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
The information required by Item 10 as to directors is incorporated by
reference from the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed by the Company with the
Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal
year.
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to
executive officers, directors and certain key employees of the Company:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
- ---- --- --------
<S> <C> <C>
M. Ross Johnson, Ph.D............... 53 President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Scientific
Officer and Director
Matthew A. Megaro................... 39 Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer,
Executive Vice President and Secretary
Samuel Hopkins, Ph.D................ 39 Vice President of Medical Affairs
Dennis M. Lambert, Ph.D............. 50 Vice President of Biological and Molecular Sciences
M.C. Kang, Ph.D..................... 46 Director of Chemistry
Michael A. Recny, Ph.D.............. 42 Director of Business Development
Timothy J. Creech................... 37 Director of Finance and Administration
Jesse I. Treu, Ph.D.(1)............. 50 Chairman of the Board of Directors
Dani P. Bolognesi, Ph.D.(2)......... 57 Director
Brian H. Dovey(2)................... 56 Director
Charles A. Sanders, M.D.(1)(2)...... 66 Director
</TABLE>
(1) Member of the Audit Committee.
(2) Member of the Compensation Committee.
30
<PAGE>
M. Ross Johnson, Ph.D. joined the Company as Chief Scientific Officer and a
Director in January 1995 and was named President and Chief Executive Officer in
March 1996. Prior to joining the Company, Dr. Johnson was President and Chief
Executive Officer of Parnassus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Parnassus"), a
biopharmaceutical company, from March 1994 to October 1994. In October 1994,
Parnassus filed for protection under the United States Bankruptcy Code. From
1987 to March 1994, Dr. Johnson served as Vice President of the Chemical
Development Division and Division of Chemistry, respectively, at Glaxo, a
multinational pharmaceutical company. Prior to joining Glaxo, Dr. Johnson held a
number of scientific management positions at Pfizer Inc., a multinational
pharmaceutical company. Dr. Johnson received his Ph.D. degree in Organic
Chemistry from the University of California at Santa Barbara.
Matthew A. Megaro joined the Company as Chief Financial Officer and Vice
President of Business Development in March 1995 and was named Chief Operating
Officer, Executive Vice President and Secretary of the Company in June 1997.
Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Megaro was Chief Operating Officer of
Parnassus from January 1994 to October 1994. In October 1994, Parnassus filed
for protection under the United States Bankruptcy Code. Prior to joining
Parnassus, Mr. Megaro was Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Finance
and Administration of Athena Neurosciences, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company,
from 1988 to January 1994.
Samuel Hopkins, Ph.D. joined the Company as Director of Drug Development in
April 1995 and was named Vice President of Medical Affairs in June 1997. Prior
to joining the Company, Dr. Hopkins was Director of Oncology and Antiviral Drug
Product Development and Senior Clinical Research Scientist, respectively, at
Cato Research, Ltd., a contract research organization from 1991 to April 1995.
From 1987 to 1991, Dr. Hopkins was a Senior Research Scientist in the Division
of Virology at Burroughs Wellcome Co., a multinational pharmaceutical company.
Dr. Hopkins received his Ph.D. degree in Biochemisty and Biophysics from the
Medical College of Virginia.
Dennis M. Lambert, Ph.D. joined the Company as Director of Virology in March
1993, was named Senior Director of Virology and Molecular Biology in September
1995, and was named Vice President of Biological Molecular Sciences in June
1997. Prior to joining the Company, Dr. Lambert was Assistant Director,
Department of Molecular Virology and Host Defense, at SmithKline Beecham Corp.,
a pharmaceutical company, from 1988 to July 1993. Dr. Lambert received his Ph.D.
degree in Microbiology/Virology from Indiana State University at Terre Haute.
M.C. Kang, Ph.D. joined the Company as a consultant in October 1995 and was
named Director of Chemistry in August 1996. Prior to joining the Company, Dr.
Kang held various positions at Glaxo from 1990 to October 1995, most recently
serving as Director of Chemical Development. Prior to joining Glaxo, Dr. Kang
was a Development Chemist in the Medical Products Division at E.I. DuPont de
Nemours and Company, a chemical company from 1986 to 1990. Dr. Kang received his
Ph.D. degree in Synthetic Organic Chemistry from Oregon State University.
Michael A. Recny, Ph.D. joined the Company as Director of Biochemical Sciences
in March 1995, and was named Director of Business Development in November 1996.
Prior to joining the Company, Dr. Recny was Senior Director of Biological
Sciences at Parnassus from November 1993 to October 1994. From 1988 to November
1993, Dr. Recny was Director of Protein Biochemistry at Procept, Inc., a
biopharmaceutical company. Prior to joining Procept, Inc., Dr. Recny was a Staff
Scientist/Laboratory Head at Genetics Institute Inc., a biopharmaceutical
company. Dr. Recny received his Ph.D. degree in Biochemistry from the University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Timothy J. Creech, C.P.A. joined the Company as Director of Finance and
Administration in July 1997. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Creech was
Corporate Controller at Performance Awareness Corporation, a software company,
from July 1996 to June 1997. From December 1993 to July 1996, Mr. Creech was
Director of Finance at Avant! Corporation, a software company. From 1990 to
December 1993, Mr. Creech was a senior manager at KPMG Peat Marwick LLP,
independent auditors for the Company.
Jesse I. Treu, Ph.D. has been Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company
since its inception. Dr. Treu has been a general partner of Domain Associates, a
venture capital firm specializing in investments in
31
<PAGE>
life sciences, since 1986. Dr. Treu serves on the Boards of Directors of Biosite
Diagnostics, Inc. and GelTex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Treu received his Ph.D.
in Physics from Princeton University.
Dani P. Bolognesi, Ph.D. was a founder of the Company and has been a Director
since its inception. Dr. Bolognesi has held a number of positions at Duke
University since 1971, and now serves as James B. Duke Professor of Surgery,
Professor of Microbiology/Immunology, Vice Chairman of the Department of Surgery
for Research and Development and Director of the Duke University Center for AIDS
Research. Dr. Bolognesi is the Co-Chair of the National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases Vaccine Working Group ("NIAID"), Chair of the Office of AIDS
Research Coordinating Committee for Vaccines, Chair of the Office of AIDS
Research Task Force Vaccine Research and Development Area Review Panel, Chair of
the panel to recommend strategies for the long-term care of the United States
biomedical chimpanzee population, and is a member of the NIAID Vaccine Selection
Committee. Dr. Bolognesi received his Ph.D. in Virology from Duke University.
Brian H. Dovey has been a Director of the Company since its inception. Mr. Dovey
has been a general partner of Domain Associates, a venture capital firm
specializing in investments in life sciences, since 1988. Mr. Dovey is President
of the National Venture Capital Association and is a member of the Boards of
Trustees of the Coriell Institute and the University of Pennsylvania School of
Nursing. Mr. Dovey is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Creative
BioMolecules and also serves on the Boards of Directors of Connetics
Corporation, Geron Corporation, NABI and Vivus, Inc.
Charles A. Sanders, M.D. has been a Director of the Company since October 1996.
From 1989 to May 1995, Dr. Sanders was Chairman of the Board of Directors and
Chief Executive Officer of Glaxo and a member of the Board of Directors of Glaxo
plc. Prior to joining Glaxo, Dr. Sanders held a number of positions at Squibb
Corporation, a multinational pharmaceutical corporation, including Vice
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer of the Science and Technology Group and
Chairman of the Science and Technology Committee of the Board. Dr. Sanders
serves on the Boards of Directors of Magainin Pharmaceuticals, Vertex
Pharmaceuticals and Staff Mark, Inc. Dr. Sanders received an M.D. degree from
Southwestern Medical College of the University of Texas.
The information required by Item 10 as to the filings of Forms 3, 4, and 5 as
required by Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1994 is incorporated
by reference from the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed by the Company with
the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the
fiscal year.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference from the
Company's Proxy Statement to be filed by the Company with the Securities and
Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference from the
Company's Proxy Statement to be filed by the Company with the Securities and
Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference from
the Company's Proxy to be filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange
Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year.
32
<PAGE>
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K
The following documents are filed as part of this report:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page Number
-----------
(a) 1. Financial Statements
<S> <C>
Independent Auditors' Report .................................................... F-1
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1996 and 1997 ................................ F-2
Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31,
1995, 1996 and 1997 and for the period from Inception to December 31, 1997.... F-3
Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended
December 31, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997................................... F-4
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31,
1995, 1996 and 1997 and for the period from Inception to December 31, 1997..... F-5
Notes to Financial Statements.................................................... F-6
</TABLE>
(a)2. Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules required under Regulation S-X are omitted
as the required information is not applicable.
(a)3. Exhibits
The Exhibits filed as part of this Form 10-K are listed on the Exhibit
Index immediately preceding such Exhibits and are incorporated by reference.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
None.
33
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Trimeris, Inc.
(Registrant)
March 30, 1998 /s/ M. ROSS JOHNSON
--------------------
M. Ross Johnson
President, Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Scientific Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report
has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Capacity Date
--------- -------- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ M. ROSS JOHNSON President (principal executive March 30 , 1998
- ---------------------------- officer), Chief Executive Officer
M. Ross Johnson Chief Scientific Officer and Director
/s/ MATTHEW A. MEGARO Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial March 30, 1998
- ---------------------------- Officer, Executive Vice President and
Matthew A. Megaro Secretary (principal accounting officer and
principal financial officer)
/s/ JESSE I. TREU. Chairman of the Board of Directors March 30, 1998
- ----------------------------
Jesse I. Treu, Ph.D.
/s/ DANI P. BOLOGNESI Director March 30, 1998
- ----------------------------
Dani P. Bolognesi, Ph.D.
/s/ BRIAN H. DOVEY Director March 30, 1998
- ----------------------------
Brian H. Dovey
/s/ CHARLES A. SANDERS Director March 30, 1998
- ----------------------------
Charles A. Sanders, M.D.
</TABLE>
34
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT INDEX
(a) Exhibits
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
1.1* Form of Underwriting Agreement
3.1* Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.
3.2* Form of Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (to be
filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware upon the completion of the Offering).
3.3* Bylaws of the Registrant.
3.4* Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (to be adopted upon the
completion of the Offering).
4.1* Specimen certificate for shares of Common Stock.
4.2* Description of Capital Stock (contained in the Third Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of the Corporation of the Registrant, filed as Exhibit 3.2).
5.1* Opinion of Hutchison & Mason PLLC with respect to the legality of the shares being
registered.
10.1* License Agreement dated February 3, 1993, between the Registrant and Duke University.
10.2 * Sublease Agreement dated November 19, 1993, by and among the Registrant, Sphinx
Pharmaceutical Corporation and University Place Associates and as amended by the
Lease Amendment dated August 15, 1994, and Second Agreement of Sublease dated
January 16, 1995.
10.3* Cooperation and Strategic Alliance Agreement dated April 21, 1997, between the Registrant
and MiniMed Inc.
10.4* Trimeris, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan.
10.5* Trimeris, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
10.6* Form of Promissory Notes executed by certain executive officers in favor of the Registrant,
and related collateral documents.
10.7* Form of Stock Restriction Agreements between the Registrant and certain executive officers.
10.8* Form of Stock Pledge Agreement between the Registrant and certain executive officers.
10.9 * Employment Offer Letter with M. Ross Johnson dated December 15, 1994.
10.10* Employment Offer Letter with Matthew A. Megaro dated February 23, 1995.
10.11 * Sixth Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated
June 27, 1997, by and among the Registrant and certain
stockholders of the Registrant.
10.12 * Agreement with Max N. Wallace dated July 10, 1997.
10.13 * Form of Indemnification Agreements.
10.14 * License Agreement dated September 9, 1997 between the Registrant and The New York Blood Center.
11.1 Computation of Basic Net Loss Per Share.
27 Financial Data Schedule
</TABLE>
- ----------------
* Previously filed with Form S-1 on October 7, 1997.
All financial statement schedules have been omitted because either they are not
required, are not applicable, or the information is otherwise set forth in the
Financial Statements and Notes thereto.
35
Exhibit 11.1 Computations of Basic Net Loss Per Share.
Trimeris, Inc.
STATEMENTS RE: COMPUTATIONS OF BASIC NET LOSS PER SHARE
(amounts in thousands except per share data)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended December 31,
--------------------------------
1995 1996 1997
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Common shares outstanding (weighted average) ............ 2,541 4,605 7,295
Common stock equivalents
(using the treasury stock method):
Stock Options and Awards (weighted average)
Pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 83(A) ...... 100 100 100
======== ======== ========
Total ................................................... 2,641 4,705 7,395
======== ======== ========
Net loss ................................................ $ (5,739) $ (6,972) $(11,428)
======== ======== ========
Basic net loss per common share ......................... $ (2.17) $ (1.48) $ (1.55)
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
(A) Treated as if outstanding for all periods presented.
36
<PAGE>
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Trimeris, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Trimeris, Inc. (A Development
Stage Company) (the "Company") as of December 31, 1996 and 1997, and the related
statements of operations, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for
each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1997 and for the
cumulative period from the date of inception to December 31, 1997. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31,
1996 and 1997, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of
the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1997, and for the
cumulative period from the date of inception to December 31, 1997, in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles.
January 30, 1998 KPMG PEAT MARWICK LLP
Raleigh, North Carolina
F-1
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
As of December 31,
---------------------
1996 1997
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents ...................................................... $ 132 $ 32,557
Short-term investments ......................................................... -- 4,863
Accounts receivable ............................................................ 33 101
Loans to employees ............................................................. 3 --
Prepaid expenses ............................................................... 45 6
-------- --------
Total current assets ......................................................... 213 37,527
-------- --------
Property, furniture and equipment, net of accumulated
depreciation of $1,612 and $2,169 at December 31, 1996 and 1997, respectively .. 897 756
-------- --------
Other assets:
Equipment held for resale, less allowance of $54 at December 31, 1996 .......... 54 --
Exclusive license agreement, net of accumulated amortization of $9 and $11 at
December 31, 1996 and 1997, respectively ................................. 32 30
Patent costs, net of accumulated amortization of $2 and $6 at December 31, 1996
and 1997, respectively .......................................................... 413 442
Equipment deposits .................................................................. 59 86
Other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $15 and $18
at December 31, 1996 and 1997, respectively ............................... 16 3
-------- --------
Total other assets ....................................................... 574 561
-------- --------
Total assets ............................................................. $ 1,684 $ 38,844
-------- --------
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable ................................................................. $ 255 $ 722
Current installments of obligations under capital leases ......................... 500 259
Accrued compensation ............................................................. 329 608
Accrued expenses ................................................................. 434 1,205
-------- --------
Total current liabilities ................................................ 1,518 2,794
Notes payable ....................................................................... 259 --
Obligations under capital leases, excluding current installments .................... 316 240
-------- --------
Total liabilities ........................................................ 2,093 3,034
-------- --------
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred Stock at $0.001 par value per share 62,667 shares authorized; issued and
outstanding 33,469 and zero shares at December 31,1996 and 1997, respectively.. 33 --
Common Stock at $0.001 par value per share. Authorized 80,000 shares; issued
and outstanding 437 and 10,549 shares at December 31, 1996 and
1997, respectively .............................................................. 1 11
Additional paid-in capital ....................................................... 17,536 67,360
Deficit accumulated during the development stage ................................. (17,965) (29,393)
Deferred compensation ............................................................ -- (1,950)
Notes receivable from stockholders ............................................... (14) (218)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) ..................................... (409) 35,810
-------- --------
Commitments and contingencies (notes 2, and 9)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit) ..................... $ 1,684 $ 38,844
======== ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-2
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Cumulative
from Inception
(January 7,
For the Years Ended December 31, 1993) to
------------------------------------- December 31,
1995 1996 1997 1997
------- ------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue .............................................. $ 104 $ 55 $ 431 $ 590
------- ------- -------- --------
Operating expenses:
Research and development ......................... 4,012 5,146 9,734 22,330
General and administrative ....................... 1,520 1,761 2,596 7,456
------- ------- -------- --------
Total operating expenses ..................... 5,532 6,907 12,330 29,786
------- ------- -------- --------
Operating loss ................................... (5,428) (6,852) (11,899) (29,196)
------- ------- -------- --------
Other income (expense):
Interest income .............................. 49 47 584 706
Interest expense ............................. (360) (167) (113) (903)
------- ------- -------- --------
(311) (120) 471 (197)
------- ------- -------- --------
Net loss ........................................ $(5,739) $(6,972) $(11,428) $(29,393)
======= ======= ======== ========
Basic net loss per share ............................ $ (2.17) $ (1.48) $ (1.55)
======= ======= ========
Weighted average shares used
in per share computations ....................... 2,641 4,705 7,395
======= ======= ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-3
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Years Ended December 31, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997
(in thousands)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Preferred Stock Common Stock Deficit
------------------- -------------------- accumulated
Additional during the
Number of Par Number of Par paid-in development Deferred
shares value Shares value capital stage compensation
-------- -------- -------- -------- ---------- ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at January 7, 1993 ........... -- $ -- -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Issuances of Common Stock ............ -- -- 218 -- 2 -- --
Issuances of Series A Preferred Stock 3,000 3 -- -- 1,997 -- --
Stock issuance costs ................. -- -- -- -- (34) -- --
Common Stock issued in exchange for
exclusive license ................. -- -- 96 -- 41 -- --
Common Stock issued in exchange
for consulting services ......... -- -- 6 -- 2 -- --
Loss for the period .................. -- -- -- -- -- (1,311) --
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Balance as of December 31, 1993 ...... 3,000 3 320 -- 2,008 (1,311) --
Issuances of Common Stock ........... -- -- 12 -- 5 -- --
Common Stock issued in exchange
for consulting services .......... -- -- 5 -- 2 -- --
Loss for the period .................. -- -- -- -- -- (3,943) --
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Balance as of December 31, 1994 ...... 3,000 3 337 -- 2,015 (5,254) --
Issuances of Common Stock ............ -- -- 16 -- 8 -- --
Issuances of Series B Preferred Stock 20,636 21 -- -- 10,297 -- --
Stock issuance costs ................. -- -- -- -- (27) -- --
Loss for the period .................. -- -- -- -- -- (5,739) --
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Balance as of December 31,1995 ....... 23,636 24 353 -- 12,293 (10,993) --
Issuances of Common Stock ............ -- -- 84 1 28 -- --
Issuances of Series B Preferred Stock 6,500 6 -- -- 3,244 -- --
Issuances of Series C Preferred Stock 3,333 3 -- -- 1,997 -- --
Stock issuance costs ................. -- -- -- -- (26) -- --
Loss for the period .................. -- -- -- -- -- (6,972) --
Notes receivable from stockholders
for the purchase of shares ....... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Balance as of December 31, 1996 ...... 33,469 33 437 1 17,536 (17,965) --
Issuances of Series C Preferred Stock 9,984 10 -- -- 5,981 -- --
Issuances of Series D Preferred Stock 9,048 9 -- -- 6,777 -- --
Issuances of Common Stock ............ -- -- 656 1 255 -- --
Conversion of Preferred Stock to
Common Stock ..................... (52,501) (52) 6,262 6 46 -- --
Issuance of shares in initial public
offering, net .................... -- -- 3,163 3 34,529 -- --
Exercise of stock options ............ -- -- 32 -- 9 -- --
Repayment of notes receivable from
Stockholders ..................... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Repurchase of Common Stock ........... -- -- (1) -- -- -- --
Stock issuance costs ................. -- -- -- -- (109) -- --
Issuances of Common Stock and
options at below market value .... -- -- -- -- 2,336 -- (2,336)
Amortization of deferred
compensation ..................... -- -- -- -- -- -- 386
Loss for the period .................. -- -- -- -- -- (11,428) --
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Balance as of December 31, 1997 ...... -- $ -- 10,549 $ 11 $ 67,360 $(29,393) $ (1,950)
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
<CAPTION>
Notes Net
receivable Stockholders
from Equity
stockholders (Deficit)
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Balance at January 7, 1993 ........... $ -- $ --
Issuances of Common Stock ............ -- 2
Issuances of Series A Preferred Stock -- 2,000
Stock issuance costs ................. -- (34)
Common Stock issued in exchange for
exclusive license ................. -- 41
Common Stock issued in exchange
for consulting services ......... -- 2
Loss for the period .................. -- (1,311)
-------- --------
Balance as of December 31, 1993 ...... -- 700
Issuances of Common Stock ........... -- 5
Common Stock issued in exchange
for consulting services .......... -- 2
Loss for the period .................. -- (3,943)
-------- --------
Balance as of December 31, 1994 ...... -- (3,236)
Issuances of Common Stock ............ -- 8
Issuances of Series B Preferred Stock -- 10,318
Stock issuance costs ................. -- (27)
Loss for the period .................. -- (5,739)
-------- --------
Balance as of December 31,1995 ....... -- 1,324
Issuances of Common Stock ............ -- 29
Issuances of Series B Preferred Stock -- 3,250
Issuances of Series C Preferred Stock -- 2,000
Stock issuance costs ................. -- (26)
Loss for the period .................. -- (6,972)
Notes receivable from stockholders
for the purchase of shares ....... (14) (14)
-------- --------
Balance as of December 31, 1996 ...... (14) (409)
Issuances of Series C Preferred Stock -- 5,991
Issuances of Series D Preferred Stock -- 6,786
Issuances of Common Stock ............ (254) 2
Conversion of Preferred Stock to
Common Stock ..................... -- --
Issuance of shares in initial public
offering, net .................... -- 34,532
Exercise of stock options ............ -- 9
Repayment of notes receivable from
Stockholders ..................... 50 50
Repurchase of Common Stock ........... -- --
Stock issuance costs ................. -- (109)
Issuances of Common Stock and
options at below market value .... -- --
Amortization of deferred
compensation ..................... -- 386
Loss for the period .................. -- (11,428)
======== ========
Balance as of December 31, 1997 ...... $ (218) $ 35,810
======== ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For the years ended December 31,
----------------------------------- Cumulative from
Inception
(January 7, 1993) to
1995 1996 1997 December 31, 1997
-------- -------- -------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss .................................................... $ (5,739) $ (6,972) $(11,428) $(29,393)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used
by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property,
furniture and equipment ............................ 544 690 558 2,189
Amortization of deferred compensation ................... -- -- 386 386
Other amortization ...................................... 7 9 11 37
Provision for equipment held for resale ................. -- -- -- 61
Stock issued for consulting services .................... -- -- -- 5
Stock issued to repay interest on notes to
stockholders ....................................... 195 -- -- 195
Debt issued for research and development ................ -- 194 -- 194
Decrease (increase) in assets:
Loss on disposal of property and equipment .............. -- -- -- 16
Accounts receivable and loans to employees .............. 7 (35) (65) (101)
Prepaid expenses ........................................ (4) (36) 39 (6)
Other assets ............................................ (16) -- (18) (87)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Accounts payable ........................................ (21) 137 467 722
Accrued compensation .................................... -- 329 279 608
Accrued expenses ........................................ 271 (145) 771 1,115
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net cash used by operating activities ................... (4,756) (5,829) (9,000) (24,059)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment .......................... (97) (27) (205) (635)
Purchase of short-term investments .......................... -- -- (4,863) (4,863)
Equipment held for resale ................................... -- 7 54 (61)
Organizational costs ........................................ -- -- -- (8)
Patent costs ................................................ (214) (116) (34) (449)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net cash used in investing activities ................... (311) (136) (5,048) (6,016)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable ..................... 2,717 92 (259) 6,150
Lease costs ................................................. -- -- -- (13)
Principal payments under capital lease
obligations ............................................. (433) (577) (529) (1,827)
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock ...................... 8 15 2 31
Proceeds from issuance of Preferred Stock ................... 3,869 5,250 12,777 23,896
Proceeds from initial public offering, net .................. -- -- 34,532 34,532
Proceeds from exercise of stock options ..................... -- -- 9 9
Repayment of notes receivable from stockholders ............ -- -- 50 50
Stock issuance costs ........................................ (27) (26) (109) (196)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by financing activities ................... 6,134 4,754 46,473 62,632
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents ............................................. 1,067 (1,211) 32,425 32,557
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period .................. 276 1,343 132 --
-------- -------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period ........................ $ 1,343 $ 132 $ 32,557 $ 32,557
======== ======== ======== ========
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow
information:
Cash paid during the period for interest ........................... $ 179 $ 154 $ 126 $ 817
======== ======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities are
described in Note 8.
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-5
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Trimeris, Inc. was incorporated on January 7, 1993 to discover and develop
novel therapeutic agents that block viral infection by inhibiting viral fusion
with host cells. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 7, "Accounting and Reporting by
Development Stage Enterprises," to recognize the fact that the Company is
devoting substantially all of its efforts to establishing a new business and
planned principal operations have not commenced.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with an original
maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are
stated at cost and consist primarily of overnight commercial paper, variable
rate demand notes, commercial paper, and short-term debt securities. The
carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value.
Short-Term Investments
Short-term investments, which consist of short-term corporate debt
securities, are reported at fair value, and are classified as available-for-sale
securities. The cost of securities sold is determined using the specific
identification method when computing realized gains and losses. Fair value is
determined using available market information. At December 31, 1997, cost
approximated the fair value of short-term investments. There were no realized
gains or losses on investments sold during 1995, 1996 or 1997.
Concentration of Credit and Market Risk and off Balance Sheet Risk
The Company invests its excess cash primarily in short-term marketable
securities, and, in accordance with its investment policy, limits the amount of
credit exposure with any one issuer. These investments are generally not
collateralized and typically mature within one year. There were no realized
gains or losses on these investments during 1995, 1996 or 1997.
Property, Furniture and Equipment
Property, furniture and equipment are recorded at cost. Property, furniture
and equipment under capital leases are initially recorded at the present value
of minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease.
Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the
estimated useful lives of the assets. Property, furniture and equipment held
under capital leases and leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight
line method over the lesser of the lease term or estimated useful life of the
asset.
Intangible Assets
The recoverability of the carrying values of intangible assets is evaluated
on an ongoing basis, primarily by comparing the estimated profitability related
to the asset compared to its carrying value. Provision against the carrying
value of the asset is recorded when impairment is identified.
F-6
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
Organization costs are amortized using the straight-line method over five
years. The exclusive license is amortized using the straight-line method over
seventeen years. The costs of patents are capitalized and are amortized using
the straight-line method over the remaining lives of the patents from the date
the patents are granted. Financing costs were incurred as part of the Company's
capital lease agreements and are amortized straight-line over the lease term.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred.
Income Taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for
income taxes.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Net Loss Per Share
For the year ended December 31, 1997, the Company adopted SFAS No. 128,
"Earnings Per Share" ("SFAS No. 128"). In accordance with this statement,
primary net loss per common share is replaced with basic loss per common share
which is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of
common shares outstanding for the period after certain, adjustments described
below. Fully diluted net income per common share is replaced with diluted net
income per common share reflecting the maximum dilutive effect of common stock
issuable upon exercise of stock options, stock warrants, and conversion of
preferred stock. Diluted net loss per common share is not shown, as common
equivalent shares from stock options, and stock warrants, would have an
antidilutive effect. Prior period per share data has been restated to reflect
the adoption of SFAS No. 128. In accordance with Securities and Exchange
Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 83 ("SAB 83"), all common shares and
common equivalent shares issued during the twelve-month period prior to the
initial filing of the registration statement relating to the Company's initial
public offering, even when anti-dilutive, have been included in the calculation
as if they were outstanding for all periods, using the treasury stock method.
The basic net loss per common share gives retroactive effect to the conversion
of all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into 6,261,615 shares of Common
Stock upon the completion of the Company's initial public offering.
The following is a reconciliation of the weighted average shares used in the
computation of basic earnings per share (in thousands):
1995 1996 1997
----- ----- -----
Weighted average common shares ................ 2,541 4,605 7,295
Common equivalent shares under SAB 83 ......... 100 100 100
----- ----- -----
2,641 4,705 7,395
===== ===== =====
F-7
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-Continued
Stock-Based Compensation
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation," encourages, but does not require companies to record
compensation cost for stock-based employee compensation plans at fair value. The
Company has chosen to continue to account for stock-based compensation using the
method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for
Stock Issued to Employees," and related Interpretations. Accordingly,
compensation cost for stock options is measured as the excess, if any, of the
quoted market price of the Company's stock at the date of the grant over the
amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock.
Stock Split
Effective July 11, 1997, the Company declared a one for eight and one-half
reverse stock split for common stockholders. This stock split has been
retroactively applied and all periods presented have been restated. The
conversion prices for the Preferred Stock were adjusted for this reverse stock
split.
2. Leases
The Company is obligated under various capital leases for furniture and
equipment that expire at various dates during the next four years. The gross
amount of furniture and equipment and related accumulated amortization recorded
under capital leases and included in property, furniture and equipment were as
follows at December 31, 1996 and 1997 (in thousands):
1996 1997
------- -------
Furniture and equipment ...................... $ 1,930 $ 2,326
Less accumulated amortization ................ (1,084) (1,655)
------- -------
$ 846 $ 671
======= =======
The Company also has several non-cancelable operating leases, primarily for
office space and office equipment, that extend through September 1999. Rental
expense, including maintenance charges, for operating leases during 1995, 1996
and 1997 was $532,000, $552,000, and $612,000 respectively.
F-8
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with
initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) and future minimum
capital lease payments as of December 31, 1997 (in thousands) are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CAPITAL OPERATING
LEASES LEASES
---------- ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Year ending December 31:
1998 .......................................................... $312 $521
1999 .......................................................... 189 419
2000 .......................................................... 78 --
2001 .......................................................... 10 --
---- ----
Total minimum lease payments ..................................... 589 $940
====
Less amount representing interest ................................ 90
----
Present value of net minimum capital lease payments .............. 499
Less current installments of obligations under capital leases .... 259
----
Obligations under capital leases, excluding current
installments ................................................. $240
====
</TABLE>
Additionally, under a warrant agreement dated August 24, 1993 with a
lessor, the Company issued warrants to acquire Series B Preferred Stock at the
initial Series B Preferred Stock per share offering price, such that the
aggregate purchase price for the shares equals $119,000. The warrants shall be
exercisable prior to the earlier of the tenth annual anniversary date of the
grant date or fifth anniversary date of Trimeris' Initial Public Offering. The
shares have not been issued as of December 31, 1997.
During the year ended December 31, 1995, the lease with the aforementioned
lessor was amended to increase the credit limit by $750,000 to $2.0 million. As
part of this amendment, Trimeris granted the lessor additional warrants to
purchase shares valued at $71,000 of Series B Preferred Stock at the initial per
share offering price.
3. Notes Payable
In March 1995, the Company entered into a Financial Assistance Agreement
with the North Carolina Biotechnology Center (the "Center"). Under this
agreement, the Center agreed to extend to the Company a line of credit up to
$250,000 for the funding of certain research performed by the Company.
This note payable is unsecured and bears interest at 8.5% on the balance of
all outstanding principal. The note matures in March 2000, at which time
principal and accrued interest is to be repaid. At December 31, 1996 the total
principal and interest due was $263,000.
In November 1995, the Company entered into a Collaborative Funding
Assistance Agreement with the Center. Under this agreement, the Center agreed to
lend the Company up to $10,000 for the funding of certain research performed by
the Company. This note payable is unsecured and bears interest at 8.75% on the
balance of all outstanding principal. The note matures in December 2000, at
which time principal and accrued interest is to be repaid. At December 31, 1996
the total principal due was $9,000.
These notes were paid in full during 1997 in connection with the Company's
initial public offering.
F-9
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
4. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
In connection with the Company's initial public offering, the Company's
Certificate of Incorporation was restated to grant the Company the authority to
issue 40,000,000 shares of stock consisting of 30,000,000 shares of Common
Stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par
value $0.001 per share.
At December 31, 1996 and 1997, loans with an interest rate of 8% totaling
$14,000 and $218,000, respectively, were outstanding to employees of the Company
for purchase of shares of the Company's Common Stock. This amount has been
presented as contra-equity in the statement of stockholders' equity (deficit).
Initial Public Offering
In October 1997, the Company closed its initial public offering of common
stock at $12 per share. The net proceeds of the offering were $34,532,000 after
deducting applicable costs and expenses. In connection with the public offering,
all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock were converted into 6,261,615 shares
of Common Stock.
Preferred Stock
Prior to the conversion of the Preferred Stock into Common Stock in
connection with the initial public offering, Preferred Stockholders had certain
rights regarding dividends, liquidation preferences, conversion rights, voting
rights, and restrictions on future debt or equity issuances. The Board of
Directors has the authority to issue future shares of Preferred Stock and to fix
the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend
rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, and liquidation
preferences, without any further vote or action by the stockholders.
Equity Financing
An initial investment of $2 million was provided by Domain Partners II,
L.P. ("Domain") and Biotechnology Investments Limited ("BIL") to fund the
start-up phase of the Company.
During the year ended December 31, 1995, Domain, BIL and others invested an
additional $3.9 million to fund continued operations of the Company through the
purchase of shares of Series B Preferred Stock. In addition, the Company
exchanged notes payable, including accrued interest, of $6.4 million for shares
of Series B Preferred Stock. These notes were payable to Domain and BIL and were
entered into during the years ended December 31, 1994 and 1995. A total of
20,635,564 shares were issued for a total consideration of $10.3 million.
In March and October 1996 and April, 1997, Domain, BIL, and others invested
an additional $11.3 million to fund continued operations of the Company through
the purchase of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. In June,
1997, various other investors invested $6.8 million through the purchase of
Series D Preferred Stock.
Common stock was issued during 1994, 1995, and 1996 through the purchase by
Company personnel and through the exercise of stock options.
F-10
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
5. Stock Option Plan
In 1993, the Company adopted a stock option plan which allows for the
issuance of non-qualified and incentive stock options. During 1996, the
Trimeris, Inc. New Stock Option Plan (the "Stock Option Plan") was implemented
that replaced the 1993 plan. Under the Stock Option Plan, the Company may grant
non-qualified or incentive stock options for up to 852,941 shares of Common
Stock. The exercise price of each incentive stock option shall not be less than
the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock on the date of grant and an
option's maximum term is ten years. Outstanding incentive stock options have
been issued at prices ranging from $.34 to $12.56 per share. The vesting period
occurs ratably over four years. All incentive stock options which had been
granted under the 1993 plan were cancelled at inception of the Stock Option Plan
while the non-qualified stock options remain outstanding at an exercise price of
$.43. No more grants will be made under the 1993 plan. At December 31, 1997
there were approximately 226,000 options remaining available for grant.
Stock option transactions for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997
are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average
Exercise Exercise Exercise
1995 Price 1996 Price 1997 Price
-------- -------- ------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Options outstanding
at January 1 .. 141,000 $0.34 166,000 $0.34 483,000 $0.34
Granted ........... 38,000 0.34 572,000 0.34 144,000 1.56
Exercised ......... (5,000) 0.34 (28,000) 0.34 (341,000) 0.34
Cancelled ......... (8,000) 0.34 (227,000) 0.34 (19,000) 0.34
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
Options outstanding
at end of period 166,000 $0.34 483,000 $0.34 267,000 $0.75
======== ===== ======== ===== ======== =====
</TABLE>
The following summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of
December 31, 1997:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
----------------------------------------------- --------------------------------
Weighted
Average
Number Remaining Weighted Weighted
Range of Exercise Outstanding Contractual Average Number Average
Price as of 12/31/97 Life Exercise Price Exercisable Exercise Price
----------------- -------------- ---- -------------- ----------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$ 0.34 229,000 8.70 $ 0.34 114,000 $ 0.34
$ 1.00 31,000 9.65 $ 1.00 3,000 $ 1.00
$ 12.00-$12.56 7,000 9.93 $ 12.36 -- $ 12.36
------- ---- -------- ------- --------
$ 0.34-$12.56 267,000 8.84 $ 0.75 117,000 $ 0.41
======= ==== ======== ======= ========
</TABLE>
The Company applies APB Opinion No. 25 and related interpretations in
accounting for its plans. Accordingly, compensation cost related to stock
options issued to employees would be recorded on the date of grant only if the
current market price of the underlying stock exceeded the exercise price. For
the year ended December 31, 1997, the Company has recorded a deferred charge of
$2,336,000, representing the difference between the exercise price and the
deemed fair value of the Company's Common Stock for 348,000 shares of Common
Stock and 132,000 shares subject to Common Stock Options granted in the second
and third quarters of 1997. The deferred compensation will be amortized to
expense over the period the shares and options vest, generally four years.
F-11
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -Continued
SFAS 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, permits entities to
recognize as expense over the vesting period the fair value of all stock-based
awards on the date of grant. Alternatively, SFAS No. 123 also allows entities to
continue to apply the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25 and provide pro forma net
income and pro forma earnings per share disclosures for employee stock option
grants as if the fair-value-based method defined in SFAS No. 123 had been
applied. The Company has elected to continue to apply the provisions of APB
Opinion No. 25. Had the Company determined compensation expense based on the
fair value at the grant date for its stock options under SFAS 123, the Company's
net loss and basic loss per share would have been increased to the pro forma
amounts indicated below for the years ended December 31:
1996 1997
-------- --------
Net loss:
As reported ................................ $ (6,972) $(11,428)
Compensation cost recorded
under APB 25 ............................ -- 386
Additional compensation cost
resulting from: -- --
Common Stock Options ................. -- (100)
Restricted Stock ..................... -- (240)
-------- --------
Pro forma .................................. $ (6,972) $(11,382)
======== ========
Basic Loss Per Share:
As reported ............................. $ (1.48) $ (1.55)
Pro forma ............................... $ (1.48) $ (1.54)
The fair value of common stock options and restricted stock is estimated on
the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the
following assumptions used:
Estimated dividend yield 0.00%
Expected stock price volatility 29.00%
Risk-free interest rate 5.07-6.00%
Expected life of options 5-7 years
The effects of applying SFAS 123 for disclosing compensation cost may not
be representative of the effects or reported net income for future years because
pro forma net loss reflects compensation costs only for stock options granted in
1996 and 1997 and does not consider compensation cost for stock options granted
prior to January 1, 1995.
6. Income Taxes
At December 31, 1997, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards
(NOL's) for federal income tax purposes of approximately $28.3 million which
expire in varying amounts between 2010 and 2013. The Company has NOL's for state
tax purposes of approximately $28.3 million which expire in varying amounts
between 2000 and 2003. Additionally, the Company has research and development
credits of $339,000 which expire in varying amounts between 2008 and 2011.
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 contains provisions which limit the ability to
utilize net operating loss carryforwards in the case of certain events including
significant changes in ownership interests. If the
F-12
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -Continued
Company's NOL's are limited, and the Company has taxable income which exceeds
the permissible yearly NOL, the Company would incur a federal income tax
liability even though NOL's would be available in future years.
The components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of
December 31, 1996 and 1997 are as follows:
1996 1997
-------- --------
(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards ..................... $ 6,823 $ 11,094
Tax credits ................................ 261 339
Reserves and accruals ...................... 211 257
Start-up costs ............................. 109 76
-------- --------
7,404 11,766
Valuation allowance ........................ (7,404) (11,766)
-------- --------
Net deferred asset ......................... -- --
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred tax liability ..................... -- --
-------- --------
Net deferred tax assets and ................ $ -- $ --
(liability)
======== ========
The Company has established a valuation allowance against its deferred tax
assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such assets.
7. Employee Benefit Plans
401 (K) Plan
The Company has adopted a 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan (the "Plan") covering
all qualified employees. The effective date of the Plan is January 1, 1994.
Participants may elect a salary reduction from 1% to 10% as a contribution
to the Plan. Modifications of the salary reductions may be made annually. The
Plan permits the Company to match up to 8% of a participant's salary, but to
date, the Company has elected not to match participants' contributions.
The normal retirement age shall be the later of a participant's 65th
birthday or the fifth anniversary of the first day of the Plan year in which
participation commenced. The Plan does not have an early retirement provision.
F-13
<PAGE>
TRIMERIS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-Continued
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan which permits eligible
employees to purchase newly issued common stock of the Company up to an
aggregate of 250,000 shares. Under this plan, employees may purchase from the
Company a designated number of shares through payroll deductions at a price per
share equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the Company's
common stock as of the date of the grant or the date the right to purchase is
exercised. No shares were issued under this plan during 1995, 1996 or 1997.
8. Supplementary Cash Flow Information
Capital lease obligations of $345,000, $330,000 and $211,000 were incurred
in 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively, for leases of new furniture and equipment.
During 1995, the Company exchanged notes payable to stockholders, including
accrued interest of $6.4 million for Series B Preferred Stock.
Shares issued under the license and consulting agreements have been valued
by the Board of Directors taking into consideration the fair value of the most
recently issued preferred stock or the value of the services, whichever is more
readily determinable.
9. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is involved in certain claims and legal actions arising in the
ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate
disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the
financial position or results of operations of the Company.
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1997
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1997
<CASH> 32,557
<SECURITIES> 4,863
<RECEIVABLES> 101
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 0
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 37,527
<PP&E> 2,925
<DEPRECIATION> 2,169
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 38,844
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 2,794
<BONDS> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 11
<OTHER-SE> 35,799
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 38,844
<SALES> 0
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 431
<CGS> 0
<TOTAL-COSTS> 0
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 12,330
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 113
<INCOME-PRETAX> (11,428)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> (11,428)
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (11,428)
<EPS-PRIMARY> (1.55)
<EPS-DILUTED> (1.55)
</TABLE>
