ALLIED LIFE FINANCIAL CORP
8-K, 1998-01-05
LIFE INSURANCE
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                                  UNITED STATES
                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549



                                    Form 8-K
                                 CURRENT REPORT


     Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934




                         Date of Report December 18, 1997
                        (Date of earliest event reported)


                          ALLIED Life Financial Corporation

             (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

               Iowa                    0-22404           42-1406716
  (State or other jurisdiction of   (Commission        (I.R.S. Employer
  incorporation or organization)     File Number)      Identification No.)


          701 Fifth Avenue, Des Moines, Iowa              50391-2003
       (Address of principal executive offices)            (Zip Code)


                                  515-280-4211
               (Registrant's telephone number including area code)



                 The total number of pages contained herein is 20.

                                   1
<PAGE>                                   




Item 5.  Other Events.

On  December  18,  1997,  the  Board  of  Directors  of  ALLIED  Life  Financial
Corporation  amended its Bylaws to provide for advance  notification of director
nominations and stockholder proposals,  and in addition, made a conforming Bylaw
amendment  with  the  Iowa  Business   Corporation  Act. The Bylaw amendments 
are filed as Exhibit 3.2 to this Form 8-K.




Item 7.  Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(c)  Exhibits.

     3.2 Bylaws of ALLIED Life Financial Corporation as amended September 2, 
1993, October 14, 1993, December 14, 1994 and December 18, 1997.






                                   SIGNATURES



Pursuant  to the  requirements  of the  Securities  Exchange  Act of  1934,  the
registrant  has duly  caused  this  report  to be  signed  on its  behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

     ALLIED Life Financial Corporation.
           (Registrant)



                                /s/ Wendell P. Crosser
                  Wendell P. Crosser, Vice President and Treasurer
                  (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)


Date:  January 5, 1998
                                        2




                        ALLIED Life Financial Corporation
                             Amendment to the Bylaws
                                December 18, 1997

         RESOLVED,  that the Bylaws of the  Corporation  are  hereby  amended by
adding the following new Sections 2.12 and 2.13:

                  Section  2.12  Director  Nominations.  Only  persons  who  are
         nominated in accordance with the following  procedures are eligible for
         election as directors. Nominations of persons for election as directors
         of the  Corporation  may be made by or at the direction of the Board of
         Directors,  by any  nominating  committee  or person  appointed to make
         nominations  by the Board of Directors,  or by any  shareholder  of the
         Corporation  entitled  to vote for the  election  of  directors  at the
         meeting  who  complies  with the  notice  procedures  set forth in this
         section. Any shareholder entitled to vote for the election of directors
         may  nominate a person or persons  for  election  as  director  only if
         written  notice  of  such  shareholder's  intent  is  delivered  to the
         Secretary of the Corporation at the principal  executive offices of the
         Corporation  (i) with  respect to an  election  to be held at an annual
         meeting of  shareholders,  not later than ninety (90) days prior to the
         first  anniversary of the preceding year's annual meeting and (ii) with
         respect to an election to be held at a special  meeting of shareholders
         for the election of directors,  not later than ten (10) days  following
         the date on which  public  announcement  of the date of such meeting is
         first made. "Public  announcement"  means disclosure in a press release
         reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press, or comparable
         national  news  service  or  in  a  document   publicly  filed  by  the
         Corporation  with the  Securities and Exchange  Commission  pursuant to
         Sections 13, 14, or 15(d) of the  Securities  Exchange Act of 1934,  as
         amended  ("Exchange  Act").  In the event  that the date of the  annual
         meeting is  advanced  by more than  thirty (30) days or delayed by more
         than sixty (60) days from the anniversary  date of the preceding year's
         annual meeting,  notice by the shareholder  must be delivered not later
         than ninety (90) days prior to such annual  meeting or the tenth (10th)
         day following the day on which public  announcement of the date of such
         meeting is first made.

                Such  shareholder's  notice  shall set  forth:  (i) the name and
         address of the shareholder who intends to make the nomination, (ii) the
         name,  address,  age, and  principal  occupation  or  employment of the
         person or  persons to be  nominated;  (iii) a  representation  that the
         shareholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation  entitled
         to vote at such  meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at
         the meeting to nominate the person or persons  specified in the notice;
         (iv) the number and class of shares of the Corporation  which are owned
         by such  shareholder  and the beneficial  owner, if any; (v) the number
         and class of shares, if any,  beneficially owned by the nominee; (vi) a
         description  of  all   arrangements  or   understandings   between  the
         shareholder  and each nominee and any other  person or persons  (naming
         such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations
         are to be made by the shareholder;  (vii) such person's written consent
         to being  named in a proxy  statement  as a nominee and to serving as a
         director if nominated; and (viii) such other information regarding each
         nominee  that is  required  to be  disclosed  in  connection  with  the
         solicitation  of proxies  for the  election  of  directors  pursuant to
         Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act. The  Corporation may require any
         proposed  nominee  to  furnish  additional  information  as  reasonably
         required  by  the  Corporation  to  determine  the  eligibility  of the
         proposed nominee to serve as a director of the  Corporation.  No person
         shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation  unless
         nominated in accordance  with the procedures set forth in this section.
         The  Chairman of the Board or other  person  presiding  at a meeting of
         shareholders, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the
         meeting  that  a  nomination  was  not  made  in  accordance  with  the
         procedures   prescribed  by  these  Bylaws,   and  following  any  such
         determination, the defective nomination shall be disregarded.

                                       3
<PAGE>

                  Section 2.13 Proposals by  Shareholders.  At an annual meeting
         of the  shareholders,  only such  business  shall be conducted as shall
         have been properly  brought before the meeting.  To be properly brought
         before an annual meeting, business must be: (i) specified in the notice
         of the meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction
         of the Board of Directors;  (ii) otherwise  properly brought before the
         meeting  by or at the  direction  of the Board of  Directors;  or (iii)
         otherwise  properly  brought before the meeting by a shareholder of the
         Corporation  who was a  shareholder  of record at the time of giving of
         notice  provided  for in this  section,  who is entitled to vote at the
         meeting,  and who complied with the notice procedures set forth in this
         section.  For business to be properly  brought before an annual meeting
         by a shareholder, the shareholder must have given timely notice thereof
         in  writing  to the  Secretary  of  the  Corporation  at the  principal
         executive  offices of the  Corporation.  To be timely,  a shareholder's
         notice shall be  delivered  to or mailed and received at the  principal
         executive  offices of the  Corporation  not less than  ninety (90) days
         prior  to the  first  anniversary  of  the  preceding  year's  meeting;
         provided however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting
         is advanced by more than thirty (30) days or delayed by more than sixty
         (60) days from such anniversary date, notice by the shareholder,  to be
         timely,  must be so delivered not later than the  ninetieth  (90th) day
         prior to such annual  meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day
         on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made.
         "Public announcement" shall mean disclosure in a press release reported
         by the Dow Jones New Service,  Associated Press or comparable  national
         news service or in a document  publicly filed by the  Corporation  with
         the Securities and Exchange  Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14, or
         15(d) of the Exchange Act.

                  Such  shareholder's  notice  shall set forth as to each matter
         the  shareholder  proposes to bring  before the annual  meeting:  (i) a
         brief  description  of the  business  desired to be brought  before the
         meeting and the reasons for  conducting  such  business at the meeting;
         (ii) any material interest in such business of such shareholder and the
         beneficial  owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made;  (iii)
         as to the  shareholder  giving the notice and the beneficial  owner, if
         any, on whose  behalf the  proposal is made (A) the name and address of
         such  shareholder,  as they appear on the  Corporation's  books, and of
         such  beneficial  owner and (B) the  class and  number of shares of the
         Corporation  which  are  owned  beneficially  and  of  record  by  such
         shareholder and such beneficial owners; and (iv) in the event that such
         business  includes a proposal  to amend the Bylaws of the  Corporation,
         the language of the  proposed  amendment.  Notwithstanding  anything in
         these  Bylaws to the  contrary,  no business  shall be conducted at any
         annual meeting except in accordance with this section, and the Chairman
         of the  Board  or  other  person  presiding  at an  annual  meeting  of
         shareholders, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the
         meeting that the shareholder  proposal was not properly  brought before
         the meeting in accordance with the foregoing procedures,  and following
         any such  determination,  the  shareholder  proposal shall not be acted
         upon. In addition to the  provisions of this  paragraph,  a shareholder
         shall also comply with all applicable  requirements of the Exchange Act
         and the rules and  regulations  thereunder  with respect to the matters
         set forth herein. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to affect any
         rights  of  shareholders  to  request  inclusion  of  proposals  in the
         Corporation's proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange
         Act.
                                        4

<PAGE>


                        ALLIED LIFE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
                               Board of Directors
                                December 18, 1997

         WHEREAS,  the Iowa legislature  amended Iowa Code ss.490.702 to provide
that a  corporation  having its stock  authorized  for quotation on the national
association of securities dealers automated quotations-national market system is
required  to hold a  special  meeting  of  stockholders  upon the  demand of the
holders of at least fifty  percent,  rather than ten  percent,  of all the votes
entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered at the meeting;

         IT IS  THEREFORE  RESOLVED,  that  Section  2.2  of the  Bylaws  of the
Corporation  be  amended  to delete  the words  "ten  percent"  and to insert in
replacement the words "fifty (50) percent".


                                       5

<PAGE>

                         ALLIED LIFE FINANCIAL CORPORATION

                            Amendments to the Bylaws

                               December 14, 1994


         RESOLVED,  that the Bylaws of the  Corporation  are  hereby  amended by
revising Section 4.1 to delete Chairman as an officer position, and such amended
Section 4.1 shall read as follows:

         Section  4.1  Generally.  The  officers of the  Corporation  shall be a
President,  one or more Vice  Presidents (the number thereof to be determined by
the board of directors),  a Secretary,  a Treasurer,  and such other officers as
may  from  time to time be  appointed  by the  board of  directors.  None of the
officers  need be a  director.  One person may hold the  offices and perform the
duties  of any two or more of said  offices.  In its  discretion,  the  board of
directors  may delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officer
or agent,  notwithstanding  any  provisions  of these  bylaws,  and the board of
directors may leave unfilled for any such period as it may fix any office except
those of President,  Treasurer,  and Secretary.  The officers of the Corporation
shall be  appointed  annually by the board of  directors  at the annual  meeting
thereof.  Each such officer shall hold office until the next  succeeding  annual
meeting of the board of directors  until his successor  shall be duly chosen and
shall qualify or until his or her death or until he or she shall resign or shall
have been removed from office.

         FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Bylaws of the Corporation are hereby amended
by the deletion of Section 4.3 (Powers and Duties of the Chairman of the Board);
that  Sections 4.4 through 4.8 shall be  renumbered  as Section 4.3 through 4.7;
and the first  sentence  of Section  6.4 which  references  Section 4.5 shall be
amended to reference Section 4.4.

                                       6
<PAGE>

             AMENDMENT TO ALLIED LIFE FINANCIAL CORPORATION BYLAWS

                                October 14, 1993


Article 3, Section 3.16 (c)

         The  Board  of  Directors  at each  annual  meeting  shall  appoint  an
Executive Committee,  to consist of the Chairman of the Board and two members of
the Board of  Directors.  When the Board of  Directors  is not in  session,  the
Executive  Committee  shall have and may exercise  any and all powers  conferred
upon the Board of  Directors by law,  the  Articles of  Incorporation,  or these
Bylaws,  except to remove officers and except as heretofore  provided in Section
3.16.


                                       7
<PAGE>


                       ALLIED LIFE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
                            Amendment to the Bylaws

                               September 2, 1993


         RESOLVED,  that the Bylaws of the Corporation are hereby amended to add
Section 3.16(f) to Article 3 establishing a Coordinating  Committee of the Board
of Directors;

Article 3, Section 3.16(f)

         The  Board  of  Directors  at  each  annual  meeting  shall  appoint  a
Coordinating  Committee  of the Board to consist of two members who do not serve
on the Board of Directors of ALLIED  Mutual  Insurance  Company or ALLIED Group,
Inc. The  Coordinating  Committee shall meet on an as-needed basis upon the call
of the  Chairman  of the  Board  of  Directors,  and  shall be  responsible  for
resolving  matters involving actual or potential  conflicts of interest,  if and
when they arise,  between the Corporation and ALLIED Mutual Insurance Company or
ALLIED Group, Inc.

         FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Bylaws of the Corporation are amended to add
Section 3.16(g) to Article 3, establishing a Compensation Committee of the Board
of Directors:

Article 3, Section 3.16(g)

         The  Board  of  Directors  at  each  annual  meeting  shall  appoint  a
Compensation  Committee  of the Board to consist of at least two  members of the
Board of Directors to approve all compensation  and benefits,  including but not
limited  to the  following  (i) to review,  establish,  and  approve  changes in
salaries of all employees of the  Corporation  including  those of the executive
officers  and the chief  executive  officer,  (ii) to review and approve  salary
administrative  plans  and  programs  and  changes  therein,  (iii) to  develop,
administer,  modify,  amend,  or terminate  any and all stock  ownership,  stock
purchase, stock options,  benefit, bonus, incentive or compensation plans of the
Corporation  (except for the Outside  Director Stock Purchase Plan), and (iv) to
perform such other functions as the terms of any such plans may require.

                                       8


<PAGE>
 


                                     BYLAWS

                                       OF

                        ALLIED LIFE FINANCIAL CORPORATION

                              (an Iowa Corporation)

                   (hereinafter referred to as "Corporation")


                                    ARTICLE 1

                                PRINCIPAL OFFICE

     The  principal  office of the  Corporation  shall be located in Des Moines,
Polk County, Iowa or as identified in the most recent annual report filed by the
Corporation with the Iowa Secretary of State.


                                    ARTICLE 2

                            MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS

         Section 2.1 Annual Meeting.  The annual meeting of the shareholders for
the election of Directors and for the  transaction of such other business as may
properly come before the meeting shall be held during the month of May each year
at the principal  office of the Corporation  (unless another place is designated
by the Board of  Directors)  at such time as the Board of  Directors  shall each
year fix.

         Section 2.2 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders, for
any  purpose or  purposes,  unless  otherwise  prescribed  by the Iowa  Business
Corporation Act or the Articles of Incorporation, may be called by the President
or the Board of  Directors,  and shall be called by the Board of Directors  upon
the written  demand,  signed,  dated,  and  delivered to the  Secretary,  of the
holders of at least ten (10) percent of all the votes entitled to be cast on any
issue proposed to be considered at the meeting.  Such written demand shall state
the purpose or purposes for which such meeting is to be called.  The time, date,
and place of any special  meeting shall be determined by the Board of Directors,
or, at its  direction,  by the  President.  Only business  within the purpose or
purposes  specified  in the notice of special  meeting  may be  considered  at a
special meeting.


                                   9
<PAGE>




         Section 2.3  Notices.  Notice of (i) the place,  date,  and time of all
meetings of shareholders; (ii) the initial authorization or issuance, subsequent
to the next preceding  shareholders  meeting,  of shares for promissory notes or
promises  to render  services  in the  future;  (iii) any  indemnification  of a
Director required by law to be reported to shareholders; and (iv) in the case of
a special  meeting,  the  purpose or  purposes  for which the meeting is called,
shall be  delivered  not less than ten (10) days nor more than  sixty  (60) days
before the date of the  meeting  to each  shareholder  entitled  to vote at such
meeting and to such other  shareholders  as are required by law to be given such
notice. The Board of Directors may establish a record date for the determination
of shareholders  entitled to notice, as provided in Section 5.9 of these Bylaws.
Notice of  adjourned  meetings  need only be given if required by law or Section
2.6 of these Bylaws.

          Section 2.4 Waiver of Notice.
         (a) A  written  waiver of notice  of any  meeting  of the  shareholders
signed by any shareholder  entitled to such notice,  whether before or after the
time stated in such notice for the holding of such meeting,  shall be equivalent
to the giving of such notice to such  shareholder in due time as required by law
and these Bylaws.  The written waiver must be delivered to the  Corporation  for
inclusion in the minutes or filed with the corporate records.

         (b) A shareholder's  attendance at any shareholders  meeting, in person
or by proxy: (i) waives giving of notice of such meeting and  irregularities  in
any notice  given,  unless the  shareholder  at the  beginning of the meeting or
promptly  upon the  shareholder's  arrival  objects  to holding  the  meeting or
transacting  business at the meeting, and (ii) waives objection to consideration
of a particular matter at the meeting that is not within the purpose or purposes
described in the meeting notice,  unless the shareholder  objects to considering
the matter when it is presented.

         Section 2.5 Voting List. After fixing a record date for a meeting,  the
Corporation  shall prepare an alphabetical list of the names of all shareholders
who are  entitled  to  notice  of the  shareholders  meeting.  The list  must be
arranged by voting  group and within each  "voting  group" by class or series of
shares, and show the address of and number of shares held by each shareholder.
A voting  group means all shares of one or more  classes or series that under 
the Articles of  Incorporation  or Iowa Code Section 490 are entitled to be 
counted  together  collectively on a matter at a meeting of  shareholders.
The  shareholders  list must be  available  for  inspection  by any  shareholder
beginning  two (2) business  days after notice of the meeting is given for which
the list was prepared and continuing  through the meeting,  at the Corporation's
principal  office or at a place  identified  in the  meeting  notice in the city
where the meeting  will be held.  A  shareholder,  or a  shareholder's  agent or
attorney,  is  entitled  on  written  demand  to  inspect  and,  subject  to the
requirements of law, to copy the list,  during regular business hours and at the
person's  expense,  during  the  period  it is  available  for  inspection.  The
Corporation shall make the shareholders  list available at the meeting,  and any
shareholder,  or a shareholder's  agent or attorney,  is entitled to inspect the
list at any time during the meeting or any adjournment.

       Section 2.6 Quorum.

         (a) At any  meeting  of  the  shareholders,  a  majority  of the  votes
entitled to be cast on the matter by a voting group constitutes a quorum of that
voting group for action on that matter, unless the representation of a different
number is required by law, and in that case, the representation of the number so
required  shall  constitute  a quorum.  If a quorum  shall  fail to  attend  any
meeting,  the chairman of the meeting,  or a majority of the votes present,  may
adjourn the meeting to another place, date, or time.

         (b) When a meeting is adjourned to another place, date, or time, notice
need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the place,  date, and time thereof
are  announced  at the  meeting  at which the  adjournment  is taken;  provided,
however,  that if the date of any  adjourned  meeting  is more than one  hundred
twenty (120) days after the date for which the meeting was  originally  noticed,
or if a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the place,
date, and time of the adjourned  meeting shall be given in conformity  herewith.
At any adjourned  meeting,  any business may be transacted which might have been
transacted at the original meeting.
                                   
                                   10                                       

<PAGE>

          Section 2.7 Organization.

         (a) The  Chairman of the Board or such person as the Board of Directors
may have designated,  or, in the absence of such a person, the President,  or in
his or her  absence,  such  person as shall be  designated  by the  holders of a
majority  of the shares  present at the  meeting,  shall  call  meetings  of the
shareholders to order and shall act as chairman of such meetings.

         (b) The  Secretary  of the  Corporation  shall act as  secretary at all
meetings of the shareholders, but in the absence of the Secretary at any meeting
of the  shareholders,  the  presiding  officer  may appoint any person to act as
secretary of the meeting.

         Section 2.8 Voting of Shares.

         (a) Every shareholder  entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy.
Except as otherwise provided by law, each outstanding share regardless of class,
shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of
stockholders. If a quorum exists, action on a matter, other than the election of
directors or unless otherwise  required by law, by a voting group is approved if
the votes cast within the voting group favoring the action exceed the votes cast
opposing  the action.  Unless  otherwise  provided  by law, at each  meeting for
election of directors,  each  stockholder  entitled to vote shall be entitled to
vote the number of shares owned by the  stockholder for as many persons as there
are directors to be elected and for whose election such  stockholder has a right
to vote, and directors shall be elected by a majority of the votes cast.

         (b) The  shareholders  having the right to vote  shares at any  meeting
shall  only be those of  record on the stock  books of the  Corporation,  on the
record date fixed  pursuant to the  provisions of Section 5.9 of these Bylaws or
by law.

         (c) Absent special  circumstances,  the shares of a corporation held by
another  corporation  shall not be voted at any  meeting  if a  majority  of the
shares entitled to vote for the election of directors of such other  corporation
are held by the Corporation.

         (d) Voting by  shareholders  on any  question or in any election may be
viva voce  unless the  chairman of the  meeting  shall order or any  shareholder
shall demand that voting be by ballot. On a vote by ballot, each ballot shall be
signed by the shareholder  voting,  or in the  shareholder's  name by proxy,  if
there be such proxy, and shall state the number of shares voted by such 
shareholder.

        Section 2.9 Voting by Proxy or Representative.

         (a) At all meetings of the shareholders, a shareholder entitled to vote
may vote in person or by proxy appointed in writing and filed in accordance with
the procedure  established for the meeting. No proxy shall be valid after eleven
months from the date of its execution, unless otherwise provided in the proxy.

         (b) Shares held by an administrator,  executor, guardian,  conservator,
receiver,  trustee,  pledgee, or another corporation may be voted as provided by
law.

        Section 2.10 Consent of Shareholders in Lieu of Meeting.Any  action  
required  or  permitted  by law to be  taken  at a  meeting  of the
shareholders  may be taken  without a meeting if a consent  in  writing  setting
forth the action so taken shall be signed by the holders of  outstanding  shares
having not less than ninety (90)  percent of the votes  entitled to be cast at a
meeting at which all shares  entitled  to vote on the action  were  present  and
voted,  and the consents are delivered to the  Corporation  for inclusion in the
minutes.

        Section 2.11 Conduct of Business.The  chairman  of any  meeting  of
shareholders  shall  determine  the order of business and procedure at the 
meeting,  including such  regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of
business as seem to him or her to be in order.

                                       11
<PAGE>




                                    ARTICLE 3

                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS

         Section  3.1  Number  of  Directors.   All  corporate   powers  of  the
Corporation  shall be exercised by or under the  authority  of, and the business
and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the Board
of Directors of the  Corporation.  The Board of Directors  shall  consist of not
less than three (3) nor more than twenty-one  (21) members.  The exact number of
Directors  within such minimum and maximum  limits shall be fixed and determined
from time to time by the Board of Directors.  No decrease in the number fixed by
the  Board  shall  have the  effect  of  shortening  the term of  office  of any
incumbent Director except with his or her written consent.

         Section 3.2 Increase or Decrease in Number of  Directors;  Tenure.  The
Board of Directors  may increase or decrease the number of Directors  within the
range fixed by these Bylaws.  The  Directorships  to be filled by reason thereof
may be filled by the  affirmative  vote of a majority of the  Directors,  though
less than a quorum of the Board of  Directors.  Any  Director  so elected  shall
serve  only  until the next  election  of  Directors  by the  shareholders.  Any
decrease  in  Directors  shall not shorten  the term of any  incumbent  Director
without  his or her  consent.  The  Directors  shall be  divided  into three (3)
classes,  each  class to be as nearly  equal in number as  possible.  In lieu of
electing  the whole  number of Directors  annually,  the terms of  approximately
one-third (1/3) of the Directors  shall expire at each annual  meeting.  At each
annual meeting,  the number of Directors equal to the number of Directors in the
class whose term  expires at the time of such  meeting  shall be elected to hold
office until the third  succeeding  annual  meeting.  Each  Director  shall hold
office  until his or her  successor  shall have been elected and  qualified,  or
until his or her death, resignation, or removal.

         Section  3.3 Quorum and Manner of Acting.  A majority  of the number of
Directors then holding office shall  constitute a quorum for the  transaction of
business;  but if at any  meeting  of the  Board  there  be less  than a  quorum
present,  a majority of the Directors  present may adjourn the meeting from time
to time until a quorum shall be present.  Notice of any  adjourned  meeting need
not be given. At all meetings of Directors,  a quorum being present,  the act of
the  majority of the  Directors  present at the meeting  shall be the act of the
Board of Directors.

         Section 3.4 Resignation.  Any Director of the Corporation may resign at
any time by giving  written notice to the Board of Directors,  its chairman,  or
the Corporation. The resignation of any Director shall take effect upon delivery
of notice  thereof or at such later date as shall be  specified  in such notice;
and, unless  otherwise  specified  therein,  the acceptance of such  resignation
shall not be necessary to make it effective.

         Section 3.5 Removal.  A Director  shall be subject to removal,  with or
without cause, at a meeting of the  shareholders  called for that purpose in the
manner prescribed by law.

         Section 3.6 Vacancies.  Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors
through  death,  resignation,  removal,  or any other cause may be filled by the
affirmative  vote of a majority of the remaining  Directors,  though less than a
quorum of the Board of Directors.  A Director elected to fill a vacancy shall be
elected only until the next election of Directors by the shareholders. The Board
may increase or decrease by thirty  percent or less the number of directors last
approved by the shareholders, but only the shareholders may increase or decrease
by more than  thirty  percent  the  number of  directors  last  approved  by the
shareholders.
                                       12
<PAGE>

         Section 3.7 Compensation of Directors.  Compensation and  reimbursement
of expenses  for  Directors'  attendance  at regular or special  meetings of the
Board of Directors and of established committees of the Board of Directors shall
be authorized by the Board;  provided,  that no Director shall be so compensated
or reimbursed for attendance at more than one regular or special  meeting of the
Board of the Corporation or any affiliated company on a single day.

         Section 3.8 Place of Meetings, etc. The Board of Directors may hold its
meetings  and keep the books and  records of the  Corporation  (except  that the
record of its shareholders  must also be kept at the places described in Section
2.5 of these  Bylaws)  at such place or places  within or  without  the State of
Iowa, as the Board may from time to time  determine.  A Director may participate
in any  meeting  by any means of  communication,  including  but not  limited to
telephone   conference   call,   by  which  all  Directors   participating   may
simultaneously hear each other during the meeting.

         Section 3.9 Annual Meeting.  Immediately after the final adjournment of
each annual meeting of the shareholders for the election of Directors, the Board
of Directors  shall meet,  at the same place where said meeting of  shareholders
finally adjourned, for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and
the  transaction  of other  business.  Notice of such meeting need not be given.
Such  meeting may be held at any other time or place as shall be  specified in a
notice  given as  hereinafter  provided  for  special  meetings  of the Board of
Directors  or in a  consent  and  waiver  of  notice  thereof  signed by all the
Directors,  at which  meeting the same  matters  shall be acted upon as is above
provided.

         Section  3.10  Regular  Meetings.  Regular  meetings  of the  Board  of
Directors  shall  be held at  such  place  and at such  times  as the  Board  of
Directors  shall by resolution  fix and  determine  from time to time. No notice
shall be required for any such regular meeting of the Board.

         Section 3.11  Special Meetings; Notice.

         (a)  Special  meetings of the Board  shall be held  whenever  called by
direction of the Chairman of the Board, the President, or one-third (1/3) of the
Directors in office at the time.

         (b) Notice of each such meeting  shall be delivered to each Director at
least two (2) days  before the date on which the  meeting is to be held by mail,
telephone, telegraph, cable, radio or wireless, or personally. Each notice shall
state  the time and  place of the  meeting.  The  notice  need not  specify  the
business to be transacted. Unless otherwise indicated in the notice thereof, any
and all business may be transacted at a special meeting. At any meeting at which
every  Director shall be present,  even without any notice,  any business may be
transacted.

         Section 3.12  Substitutes for Notice. A written waiver of notice signed
by a Director,  whether before or after the time of the meeting stated  therein,
shall be  equivalent  to the giving of such  notice in due time as  required  by
these Bylaws.  Attendance of a Director at or  participation  in a meeting shall
constitute  a waiver of notice  of such  meeting,  unless  the  Director  at the
beginning of the meeting or promptly upon arrival objects to holding the meeting
or  transacting  business  at the meeting  and does not  thereafter  vote for or
assent to action taken at the meeting.

         Section 3.13 Director's Assent Presumed.  A Director of the Corporation
who is  present at a meeting of its Board of  Directors  at which  action on any
corporate matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken
unless the Director's  dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or
unless the Director shall file a written  dissent to such action with the person
acting as the secretary of the meeting before the  adjournment  thereof or shall
forward such dissent by  registered  or certified  mail to the  Secretary of the
Corporation  immediately  after the  adjournment  of the meeting.  Such right to
dissent shall not apply to a Director who voted in favor of such action.

         Section 3.14  Order of Business.

         (a) At meetings of the Board of Directors, business shall be transacted
in such order as, from time to time, the Board of Directors may determine.

         (b) At all meetings of the Board, the Chairman of the Board or chairman
of the meeting or in his or her absence,  vice chairman, or in their absence the
President, or in the President's absence the most senior Vice President present,
or otherwise  the person  designated  by the vote of a majority of the Directors
present shall preside.

                                       13
<PAGE>

         Section 3.15 Action Without  Meeting.  Any action required or permitted
by law to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without
a meeting if the action is taken by all  members of the Board and if one or more
consents in writing setting forth the action so taken shall be signed by all the
Directors then in office and included in the minutes. The action is effective on
the date the last  Director  signs the consent  unless the  consent  specifies a
different date.

         Section 3.16  Committees.

         (a) The Board of Directors,  by resolution  adopted by the  affirmative
vote of a majority of the number of Directors  then in office,  shall  establish
one or more committees as hereinafter provided, each committee to consist of two
(2) or more  Directors  appointed by the Board of Directors.  Any such committee
shall serve at the will of the Board of  Directors.  Each such  committee  shall
have the powers and duties delegated to it by the Board of Directors.  The Board
of Directors  may elect one or more of its members as  alternate  members of any
such  committee  who may take the place of any  absent  member or members at any
meeting of such  committee upon request by the President or the chairman of such
committee.  Each such committee shall fix its own rules governing the conduct of
its activities as the Board of Directors may request.

         (b) A committee of the Board shall not: (i) authorize  distributions by
the  Corporation;  (ii) approve or propose to  shareholders  of the  Corporation
action that the law requires be approved by  shareholders;  (iii) fill vacancies
on the Board of Directors of the Corporation or on any of its  committees;  (iv)
amend the Articles of  Incorporation of the  Corporation;  (v) adopt,  amend, or
repeal  Bylaws of the  Corporation;  (vi) approve a plan of merger not requiring
shareholder approval;  (vii) authorize or approve reacquisition of shares by the
Corporation,  except according to a formula or method prescribed by the Board of
Directors;  or (viii)  authorize or approve the issuance or sale or contract for
sale of shares,  or determine the designation and relative rights,  preferences,
and  limitations  of a class or  series  of  shares,  except  that the  Board of
Directors  may  authorize  a  committee  or a senior  executive  officer  of the
Corporation  to do so  within  limits  specifically  prescribed  by the Board of
Directors.

         (c) The Board of  Directors  at each annual  meeting  shall  appoint an
Executive  Committee,  to consist of the  Chairman  of the Board and two or more
members  of the  Board of  Directors.  When the  Board  of  Directors  is not in
session,  the Executive Committee shall have and may exercise any and all powers
conferred upon the Board of Directors by law, the Articles of Incorporation,  or
these  Bylaws,  except  to elect or remove  officers  and  except as  heretofore
provided in this Section  3.16.  The  Executive  Committee  has the authority to
elect  officers  of the  Corporation  but may not  remove  any  officers  of the
Corporation.

         (d) The Board of  Directors  at each  annual  meeting  may  appoint  an
Investment Committee,  to consist of two directors of this Corporation including
the Chairman of the Board.  When the Board of  Directors is not in session,  the
Investment  Committee  shall have the power to authorize the investment of funds
in such  securities as it shall  approve,  and shall have power to authorize the
sale, or exchange, or transfer of any securities owned by the Corporation.

         (e) The  Corporation  shall have a committee  of the board of directors
known as the Audit Committee made up of at least two persons, with the number to
be established by the board of directors at each annual meeting. The majority of
the members of the Audit  committee  shall be independent  directors.  The Audit
Committee shall evaluate the Corporation's  systems of internal control and test
for compliance  therewith on a continuing basis and shall report its findings to
the board of directors at least annually.

                                       14
<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE 4

                                    OFFICERS

         Section  4.1  Generally.  The  offices  of the  Corporation  shall be a
Chairman of the Board,  a  President,  one or more Vice  Presidents  (the number
thereof to be determined by the Board of Directors),  a Secretary,  a Treasurer,
and such other  officers as may from time to time be  appointed  by the Board of
Directors.  None of the  officers,  except the Chairman of the Board,  need be a
Director.  One person may hold the  offices and perform the duties of any two or
more of said  offices  except the offices of  President  and  Secretary.  In its
discretion,  the Board of  Directors  may  delegate  the powers or duties of any
officer to any other  officer or agent,  notwithstanding  any provision of these
Bylaws,  and the Board of Directors may leave unfilled for any such period as it
may fix any office  except those of President,  Treasurer,  and  Secretary.  The
officers  of the  Corporation  shall  be  appointed  annually  by the  Board  of
Directors at the annual  meeting  thereof.  Each such officer  shall hold office
until the next succeeding annual meeting of the Board of Directors and until his
or her  successor  shall have been duly chosen and shall qualify or until his or
her  death or until he or she  shall  resign or shall  have  been  removed  from
office.

         Section  4.2  Removal.  Any  officer  may be  removed  by the  Board of
Directors, with or without cause, but such removal shall be without prejudice to
the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.


         Section  4.3  Powers  and  Duties of the  Chairman  of the  Board.  The
Chairman of the Board shall  preside at all meetings of the Board of  Directors,
shareholders,   Executive  Committee,   Investment  Committee,  and  such  other
committees  to which he or she shall have been  appointed  and at the meeting of
which he or she may be present;  and shall have such other  powers and duties he
or she may be called upon to perform by the Board.

         Section  4.4  Powers  and  Duties  of  the  President.  Subject  to the
provisions of these Bylaws and to the  direction of the Board of Directors,  the
President shall have the  responsibility  for the general management and control
of the business and affairs of the  Corporation and shall perform all duties and
have all powers which are commonly  incident to the office of President or which
are  delegated  to him or her by the Board of  Directors.  He or she shall  have
power to sign all stock  certificates,  contracts,  and other instruments of the
Corporation  which  are  authorized  and  shall  have  general  supervision  and
direction  of  all  of  the  other  officers,   employees,  and  agents  of  the
Corporation.

         Section 4.5  Powers and Duties of the Vice President(s).  In the 
absence of the President or in the event of the death, inability, or refusal to
act of the President, the Vice President (or in the event there be more than one
Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order designated at the time of their
election, or in the absence of any designation, the senior Vice President in 
length of service) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so 
acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon
the President.  Any Vice President may sign, with the Secretary or Assistant 
Secretary, certificates for shares of the Corporation; and shall perform such 
other duties and have such authority as from time to time may be assigned to 
such Vice President by the President or by the Board of Directors.

         Section 4.6 Powers and Duties of the Secretary. The Secretary shall (a)
keep minutes of all meetings of the  shareholders and of the Board of Directors;
(b) authenticate records of the Corporation and attend to giving and serving all
notices of the  Corporation  as provided by these  Bylaws or as required by law;
(c) be custodian of the corporate seal (if any), the stock certificate book, and
such other books,  records, and papers as the Board of Directors may direct, and
see that the corporate seal (if any) is affixed to all stock certificates and to
all  documents,  the execution of which on behalf of the  Corporation  under its
seal (if any) is duly  authorized;  (d) keep a stock record showing the names of
all persons who are shareholders of the Corporation, their post office addresses
as  furnished by each such  shareholder,  and the number of shares each class of
stock  held by them  respectively  and,  at least  ten  (10)  days  before  each
shareholders  meeting,  prepare a complete list of shareholders entitled to vote
at such meeting arranged in alphabetical order; (e) sign with the President or a
Vice President certificates for shares of the Corporation, the issuance of which
shall have been duly authorized; and (f) in general, perform all duties incident
to the office of  Secretary  and such  other  duties as from time to time may be
assigned to the Secretary by the President or the Board of Directors.


                                       15
<PAGE>

         Section 4.7 Powers and Duties of the Treasurer. The Treasurer shall (a)
have  custody  of and be  responsible  for  all  moneys  and  securities  of the
Corporation,  shall  keep  full  and  accurate  records  and  accounts  in books
belonging to the Corporation,  showing the transactions of the Corporation,  its
accounts,   liabilities,  and  financial  condition,  and  shall  see  that  all
expenditures  are duly  authorized  and are  evidenced  by proper  receipts  and
vouchers;  (b)  deposit in the name of the  Corporation  in such  depository  or
depositories  as are approved by the Directors all moneys that may come into the
Treasurer's hands for the Corporation's  accounts;  (c) render an account of the
financial  condition of the Corporation at least  annually;  and (d) in general,
perform such duties as may from time to time be assigned to the Treasurer by the
President or by the Board of Directors.

         Section  4.8  Assistants.  There  shall  be such  number  of  Assistant
Secretaries and Assistant  Treasurers as the Board of Directors may from time to
time authorize and appoint. The Assistant  Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers,
in  general,  shall  perform  such  duties as shall be  assigned  to them by the
Secretary or the  Treasurer,  respectively,  or by the President or the Board of
Directors.  The Board of Directors shall have the power to appoint any person to
act as  assistant  to any other  officer,  or to perform the duties of any other
officer  whenever  for any reason it is  impracticable  for such  officer to act
personally,  and such  assistant or acting  officer so appointed  shall have the
power to perform all the duties of the office to which he or she is so appointed
to be assistant, or as to which he or she is so appointed to act, except as such
power may be otherwise defined or restricted by the Board of Directors.

                                       16
<PAGE>





                                    ARTICLE 5

                       SHARES, THEIR ISSUANCE AND TRANSFER

         Section  5.1  Consideration  for  Shares.  The Board of  Directors  may
authorize  shares to be issued for  consideration  consisting of any tangible or
intangible property or benefit to the Corporation as provided by law. Before the
Corporation  issues  shares,  the Board of  Directors  must  determine  that the
consideration received or to be received for shares to be issued is adequate.

         Section  5.2  Certificates  for  Shares.   Every   shareholder  of  the
Corporation  shall be entitled to a certificate or  certificates,  to be in such
form as the Board of Directors shall prescribe,  certifying the number and class
of shares of the Corporation owned by such shareholder.

         Section 5.3 Issuance of  Certificates.  The  certificates for shares of
stock  shall be  numbered  within each class in the order in which they shall be
issued  within  such  class  and  shall be  signed  by the  President  or a Vice
President and the Secretary or an Assistant  Secretary of the  Corporation,  and
may be sealed with the seal (if any) of the Corporation or a facsimile  thereof.
The signatures of the President or Vice President and the Secretary or Assistant
Secretary or other persons signing for the Corporation upon a certificate may be
facsimiles  if  the  certificate  is  countersigned  by  a  transfer  agent,  or
registered by a registrar,  other than the Corporation  itself or an employee of
the Corporation.  In case any officer or other authorized  person who has signed
or whose  facsimile  signature  has been  placed upon such  certificate  for the
Corporation  shall have ceased to be such  officer or  employee or agent  before
such  certificate is issued,  it may be issued by the Corporation  with the same
effect as if he or she were such officer or employee or agent at the date of its
issue.

         Section 5.4 Share Record.  A record shall be kept by the Secretary,  or
by any other officer,  employee,  or agent designated by the Board of Directors,
of the names and  addresses  of all  shareholders  and the  number  and class of
shares held by each  represented by such  certificates  and the respective dates
thereof and in case of cancellation, the respective dates of cancellation.

                                       17
<PAGE>




         Section  5.5  Cancellation.   Every  certificate   surrendered  to  the
Corporation for exchange or transfer shall be cancelled,  and no new certificate
or certificates  shall be issued in exchange for any existing  certificate until
such  existing  certificate  shall be been so  cancelled,  except as provided in
Section 5.8 of these Bylaws.

         Section 5.6 Transfer of Stock. Transfers of shares of the capital stock
of the  Corporation  shall be made only on the books of the  Corporation  by the
record holder thereof,  or by his or her attorney thereunto  authorized by power
of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary of the  Corporation,  and
on  surrender  of the  certificate  or  certificates  for such  shares  properly
endorsed and the payment of all taxes  thereon.  The person in whose name shares
of stock stand on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed the owner thereof
for all purposes as regards the Corporation;  provided,  however,  that whenever
any  transfer  of  shares  shall  be  made  for  collateral  security,  and  not
absolutely, such fact, if known to the Secretary of the Corporation, shall be so
expressed in the entry of transfer.

         Section 5.7  Regulations.  The Board of  Directors  may make such other
rules and  regulations  as it may deem  expedient,  not  inconsistent  with law,
concerning the issue,  transfer and  registration of certificates  for shares of
the stock of the Corporation.

         Section 5.8 Lost, Destroyed, or Mutilated Certificates. In the event of
the loss,  theft,  or  destruction of any  certificate of stock,  another may be
issued in its place  pursuant to such  regulations as the Board of Directors may
establish  concerning  proof of such loss,  theft, or destruction and concerning
the giving of a satisfactory bond or bonds of indemnity.

         Section 5.9 Record Date.  The Board may fix, in advance,  a date as the
record date for any determination of shareholders for any purpose,  such date in
every case to be not more than  seventy (70) days prior to the date on which the
particular action or meeting,  requiring such determination of shareholders,  is
to be taken or held.  If no  record  date is so fixed for the  determination  of
shareholders,  the close of  business  on the day  before  the date on which the
first  notice of a  shareholder  meeting is  delivered  or the date on which the
resolution  of  the  Board  of  Directors   declaring  the  share   dividend  or
distribution  (other than in connection  with a repurchase or  reacquisition  of
shares)  is  adopted,  as the case may be,  shall  be the  record  date for such
determination of shareholders.  When a determination of shareholders entitled to
vote at any meeting of  shareholders  has been made as provided in this section,
such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof,  unless (i) the Board
of Directors  selects a new record date, (ii) the meeting is adjourned to a date
which is more than  one-hundred  twenty  (120) days after the date fixed for the
original meeting, or (iii) a new record date is otherwise required by law.

         Section 5.10 Dividends. The Directors may from time to time declare and
the Corporation  may pay dividends on its  outstanding  shares in the manner and
upon the terms and conditions provided by law.

                                       18
<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE 6

                            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
         Section 6.1 Facsimile Signatures. In addition to the provisions for use
of facsimile  signatures  elsewhere  specifically  authorized  in these  Bylaws,
facsimile  signatures of any officer or officers of the  Corporation may be used
whenever and as authorized by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof.

         Section 6.2  Corporate  Seal.  The Board of Directors may by resolution
(but shall not be required to) provide for a corporate seal which,  if provided,
shall be  circular  in form and shall bear the name of the  Corporation  and the
words "Corporate Seal" and "Iowa".  The Secretary shall be custodian of any such
seal.  The Board of Directors may also authorize a duplicate seal to be kept and
used by any other officer.

         Section 6.3 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the  Corporation  shall end
at the close of  business  on the last day of  December  each year or such other
date as may be adopted by resolution of the Board of Directors.

         Section 6.4 Voting of Stocks Owned by the  Corporation.  In the absence
of a resolution  of the Board of Directors to the contrary,  the  Chairman,  the
President, or any Vice President acting within the scope of his or her authority
as provided in Section 4.5 of these Bylaws is authorized and empowered on behalf
of the Corporation to attend,  vote, grant  discretionary  proxies to be used at
any meeting of shareholders of any corporation in which this  Corporation  holds
or owns shares of stock, and in that connection,  on behalf of this Corporation,
to execute a waiver of notice of any such meeting.  The Board of Directors shall
have authority to designate any officer or person as a proxy or attorney-in-fact
to vote shares of stock in any other  corporation in which this  Corporation may
own or hold shares of stock.

         Section 6.5  Shareholders' Right to Information.

         (a) A shareholder  of the  Corporation is entitled to inspect and copy,
during regular business hours at the Corporation's  principal office, any of the
following  records of the Corporation,  if the shareholder gives the Corporation
written  notice of the  shareholder's  demand at least  five (5)  business  days
before the date on which the shareholder wishes to inspect and copy:

                  (1)      Articles of Incorporation and all amendments
         currently in effect;

                  (2)      Bylaws and all amendments currently in effect;

                  (3) Resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors creating one
         or more classes or series of shares and fixing their  relative  rights,
         preferences,  and  limitations,  if  shares  issued  pursuant  to those
         resolutions are outstanding;

                  (4) Minutes of all  shareholders  meetings  and records of all
         action  taken by  shareholders  without  a meeting  for the past  three
         years;
                  (5)  All  written  communications  to  shareholders  generally
         within the past three (3) years,  including  the  financial  statements
         furnished for the past three (3) years;

                  (6) A  list  of  the  names  and  business  addresses  of  the
         Corporation's current Directors and officers; and

                  (7) The  Corporation's  most recent annual report delivered to
         the Iowa Secretary of State.

         (b) If (i) a shareholder  makes a demand in good faith and for a proper
purpose,  (ii) the  shareholder  describes  with  reasonable  particularity  the
shareholder's  purpose and the records the shareholder  desires to inspect,  and
(iii) the record requested is directly  connected with the shareholder's  stated
purpose,  the  shareholder  shall also be entitled  to inspect and copy,  during
regular  business hours at a reasonable  location  specified by the Corporation,
any of the following records of the Corporation; provided, the shareholder gives
the  Corporation  written notice of the  shareholder's  demand at least five (5)
business  days  before the date on which the  shareholder  wishes to inspect and
copy any of the following:

                  (1)  Excerpts  from  minutes  of any  meeting  of the Board of
         Directors,  records  of any  actions  of a  committee  of the  Board of
         Directors  while  acting as  authorized  by the Board of  Directors  on
         behalf of the Corporation,  minutes of any meeting of the shareholders,
         and  records  of  action  taken  by the  shareholders  or the  Board of
         Directors  without a meeting to the extent  not  subject to  inspection
         under the preceding subparagraph;

                  (2) Accounting records of the Corporation; and

                  (3) The record of shareholders of the Corporation.

                                      19
<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE 7

                        NON-LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

         Section 7.1  Non-liability  for  Monetary  Damages.  A Director of this
Corporation   shall  not  be  personally   liable  to  the  Corporation  or  its
shareholders  for monetary  damages for breach of fiduciary  duty as a Director,
except as provided in the Articles of Incorporation.

         Section 7.2 Indemnification.  Each individual who is or was a director,
officer,  employee,  or agent of the  Corporation  (and  the  heirs,  executors,
personal  representatives,  or  administrators of such individual) who was or is
made a party to, or is involved in any threatened, pending, or completed action,
suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal,  administrative, or investigative,
by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director,  officer, employee,
or  agent  of  the  Corporation  or is or was  serving  at  the  request  of the
Corporation  as a  Director,  officer,  partner,  trustee,  employee or agent of
another corporation,  partnership,  joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan,
or other  enterprise  ("Indemnitee"),  shall be indemnified and held harmless by
the  Corporation to the fullest extent  permitted by applicable law, as the same
exists or may hereafter be amended. In addition to the indemnification conferred
in this Article,  the Indemnitee shall also be entitled to have paid directly by
the  Corporation  the  expenses   reasonably  incurred  in  defending  any  such
proceeding against such Indemnitee, in advance of its final disposition,  to the
fullest extent authorized by applicable law, as the same exists or may hereafter
be amended.

         Section  7.3 Other  Rights  Not  Excluded.  The  rights  and  authority
conferred  in this  Article  shall not be exclusive of any other right which any
person  may have or  hereafter  acquire  under  any  statute,  provision  of the
Articles  of  Incorporation,   provision  of  the  Bylaws  of  the  Corporation,
agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested Directors, or otherwise.


                                    ARTICLE 8

                              AMENDMENTS TO BYLAWS

         These Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the Board of Directors or by
the shareholders; provided, however, that the shareholders may from time to time
specify  particular  provisions  of the  Bylaws  which  shall not be  amended or
repealed by the Board of Directors.

                                        /s/ George T. Oleson
                                    --------------------------------
                           George T. Oleson, Secretary


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