<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 2.1
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
By and Among
APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
and
MANGO SUBSIDIARY CORP.
Dated as of October 2, 2000
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page
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1. The Merger; Closing; Effective Time...................................................................... 1
1.1. The Merger....................................................................................... 1
1.2. Closing.......................................................................................... 1
1.3. Effective Time................................................................................... 2
2. Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Surviving Corporation..................................... 2
2.1. The Certificate of Incorporation................................................................. 2
3. Officers and Directors of the Surviving Corporation...................................................... 2
3.1. Directors........................................................................................ 2
3.2. Officers......................................................................................... 2
4. Effect of the Merger on Capital Stock; Exchange of Certificates.......................................... 3
4.1. Effect on Capital Stock.......................................................................... 3
4.2. Exchange of Certificates for Shares.............................................................. 3
4.3. Appraisal Rights................................................................................. 6
4.4. Adjustments to Exchange Ratio.................................................................... 6
4.5. Unvested Stock................................................................................... 6
5. Representations and Warranties of the Company............................................................ 7
5.1. Organization, Good Standing and Qualification.................................................... 7
5.2. Capital Structure................................................................................ 8
5.3. Corporate Authority; Approval and Fairness....................................................... 9
5.4. Governmental Filings; No Violations.............................................................. 10
5.5. Company Reports: Financial Statements............................................................ 10
5.6. Absence of Certain Changes....................................................................... 11
5.7. Litigation....................................................................................... 11
5.8. Employee Benefits................................................................................ 12
5.9. Compliance with Laws............................................................................. 13
5.10. Required Vote.................................................................................... 14
5.11. Owned and Leased Real Properties................................................................. 14
5.12. Environmental Matters............................................................................ 14
5.13. Accounting and Tax Qualification Matters......................................................... 15
5.14. Taxes............................................................................................ 15
5.15. Labor Matters.................................................................................... 17
5.16. Intellectual Property............................................................................ 17
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5.17. Agreements, Contracts and Commitments............................................................... 18
5.18. Brokers and Finders................................................................................. 19
5.19. Board Recommendation................................................................................ 19
5.20. No Existing Discussions............................................................................. 19
5.21. Section 203 of the DGCL Not Applicable.............................................................. 20
5.22. Rights Agreement.................................................................................... 20
5.23. Assets.............................................................................................. 21
5.24. Customers and Suppliers............................................................................. 21
5.25. Business Activity Restrictions...................................................................... 21
5.26. Disclosure.......................................................................................... 21
5.27. No Other Representations or Warranties.............................................................. 22
6. Representations and Warranties of Parent and Merger Sub..................................................... 22
6.1. Ownership of Company Shares......................................................................... 22
6.2. Capitalization of Merger Sub........................................................................ 22
6.3. Organization, Good Standing and Qualification....................................................... 22
6.4. Capital Structure................................................................................... 23
6.5. Corporate Authority: Approval and Fairness.......................................................... 24
6.6. Governmental Filings; No Violations................................................................. 24
6.7. Parent Reports; Financial Statements................................................................ 25
6.8. Absence of Certain Changes.......................................................................... 26
6.9. Litigation.......................................................................................... 26
6.10. Compliance with Laws................................................................................ 27
6.11. Required Vote....................................................................................... 27
6.12. No Owned Real Properties............................................................................ 27
6.13. Environmental Matters............................................................................... 28
6.14. Accounting and Tax Qualification Matters............................................................ 28
6.15. Taxes............................................................................................... 28
6.16. Labor Matters....................................................................................... 28
6.17. Intellectual Property............................................................................... 29
6.18. Brokers and Finders................................................................................. 30
6.19. Board Recommendation................................................................................ 30
6.20. Assets.............................................................................................. 30
6.21. Customers and Suppliers............................................................................. 31
6.22. Business Activity Restrictions...................................................................... 31
6.23. Disclosure.......................................................................................... 31
6.24. No Other Representations or Warranties.............................................................. 31
7. Covenants................................................................................................... 32
7.1. Interim Covenants................................................................................... 32
7.2. Acquisition Proposals............................................................................... 35
7.3. Information Supplied................................................................................ 36
7.4. Shareholders' Meetings.............................................................................. 37
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7.5. Filings; Other Actions; Notification............................................................... 37
7.6. Accounting......................................................................................... 40
7.7. Access............................................................................................. 40
7.8. Affiliates......................................................................................... 40
7.9. Stock Exchange Listing and De-listing.............................................................. 41
7.10. Publicity.......................................................................................... 41
7.11. Stock Options; Election of Directors............................................................... 41
7.12. Expenses........................................................................................... 42
7.13. Indemnification; Directors' and Officers' Insurance................................................ 43
7.14. Takeover Statute................................................................................... 44
7.15. Parent Vote........................................................................................ 44
7.16. "Pooling of Interests" Letters..................................................................... 44
7.17. Offers of Employment............................................................................... 44
7.18. Stockholder Litigation............................................................................. 45
8. Conditions................................................................................................. 45
8.1. Conditions to Each Party's Obligation to Effect the Merger......................................... 45
8.2. Conditions to Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub................................................. 46
8.3. Conditions to Obligations of the Company........................................................... 47
9. Termination................................................................................................ 48
9.1 Termination by Mutual Consent...................................................................... 48
9.2 Termination by Either Parent or the Company........................................................ 48
9.3. Termination by the Company......................................................................... 49
9.4. Termination by Parent.............................................................................. 49
9.5. Effect of Termination and Abandonment.............................................................. 50
9.6. Fees and Expenses.................................................................................. 50
10. Miscellaneous and General.................................................................................. 51
10.1 Survival........................................................................................... 51
10.2 Modification or Amendment.......................................................................... 51
10.3. Waiver of Conditions............................................................................... 51
10.4. Counterparts....................................................................................... 51
10.5. Governing Law and Venue; Waiver of Jury Trial...................................................... 52
10.6. Notices............................................................................................ 52
10.7. Entire Agreement: no other representations......................................................... 53
10.8. No Third Party Beneficiaries....................................................................... 54
10.9. Obligations of Parent and of the Company........................................................... 54
10.10. Severability....................................................................................... 54
10.11. Interpretation..................................................................................... 54
10.12. Assignment......................................................................................... 55
10.13. Glossary of Terms.................................................................................. 55
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Exhibits
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Exhibit A-1 Company Stockholder Agreement
Exhibit A-2 Parent Stockholder Agreement
Exhibit B-1 Form of Company Affiliates Letter
Exhibit B-2 Form of Parent Affiliates Letter
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AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (hereinafter called this "Agreement"), dated
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as of October 2, 2000, by and among Applied Science and Technology, Inc., a
Delaware corporation (the "Company"), MKS Instruments, Inc., a Massachusetts
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corporation ("Parent"), and Mango Subsidiary Corp., a Delaware corporation and a
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wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent ("Merger Sub").
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RECITALS
WHEREAS, the respective boards of directors of each of Parent, Merger Sub
and the Company have approved this Agreement and adopted the plan of merger (the
"Plan") set forth herein whereby Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company
upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement (the
"Merger");
------
WHEREAS, it is intended that, for federal income tax purposes, the Merger
shall qualify as a reorganization under the provisions of Section 368(a) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder (the "Code");
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WHEREAS, for financial accounting purposes, it is intended that the Merger
shall be accounted for as a "pooling-of-interests"; and
WHEREAS, the Company, Parent and Merger Sub desire to make certain
representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in connection with this
Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, and of the
representations, warranties, covenants and agreements contained herein, the
parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:
1. THE MERGER; CLOSING; EFFECTIVE TIME
1.1. The Merger.
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Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this
Agreement, at the Effective Time (as hereinafter defined), Merger Sub shall be
merged with and into the Company and the separate corporate existence of Merger
Sub shall thereupon cease. The Company shall be the surviving corporation in the
Merger (sometimes hereinafter referred to as the "Surviving Corporation"), and
---------------------
the separate corporate existence of the Company with all its rights, privileges,
immunities, powers and franchises shall continue unaffected by the Merger,
except as set forth in Section 3. The Merger shall have the effects specified in
the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL").
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1.2. Closing.
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The closing of the Merger (the "Closing") shall take place (i) at the
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offices of Hale and Dorr LLP, 60 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109 at
10:00 A.M. on the third
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business day after the last to be satisfied or waived of the conditions set
forth in Section 8 hereof (other than those conditions that by their nature are
to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of
those conditions) shall be satisfied or waived in accordance with this Agreement
or (ii) at such other place and time and/or on such other date as the Company
and Parent may agree in writing (the "Closing Date").
------------
1.3. Effective Time.
--------------
As soon as practicable following the Closing, the Company and Parent
will cause a Certificate of Merger reflecting the provisions set forth in this
Agreement (the "Certificate of Merger") to be executed by the Company and Merger
---------------------
Sub and delivered for filing to the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware
(the "Department") as provided in Section 251 of the DGCL. The Merger shall
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become effective at the time when the Certificate of Merger has been duly filed
with the Department or at such later time agreed by the parties in writing and
provided in the Certificate of Merger (the "Effective Time").
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2. CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS OF THE SURVIVING CORPORATION
2.1. The Certificate of Incorporation.
--------------------------------
Subject to the provisions of Section 7.13 regarding indemnification,
the Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of the Merger Sub as in effect
immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the certificate of
incorporation of the Surviving Corporation (the "Certificate"), until duly
-----------
amended as provided therein or by applicable law.
2.2 The Bylaws.
----------
The bylaws of the Merger Sub in effect immediately prior to the
Effective Time shall be the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation (the "Bylaws"),
------
until duly amended as provided therein or by applicable law.
3. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF THE SURVIVING CORPORATION
3.1. Directors.
---------
The board of directors of the Surviving Corporation shall consist of
the Board of Directors of Merger Sub until their respective successors have been
duly elected or appointed and qualified or until their earlier death,
resignation or removal in accordance with the Articles and the Bylaws as in
effect from time to time.
3.2. Officers.
--------
The persons listed on Schedule 3.2 shall, from and after the Effective
Time, be the officers of the Surviving Corporation until their successors have
been duly elected or
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appointed and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or removal in
accordance with the Articles and the Bylaws.
4. EFFECT OF THE MERGER ON CAPITAL STOCK; EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES
4.1. Effect on Capital Stock.
-----------------------
At the Effective Time, as a result of the Merger and without any
action on the part of the holder of any capital stock of the Company:
(a) Merger Consideration. Each share of the Common Stock, par value
--------------------
$0.01 per share, of the Company (the "Company Common Stock") issued and
--------------------
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (a "Share" and,
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collectively, the "Shares") (other than Shares owned by Parent, Merger Sub or
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any other direct or indirect Subsidiary of Parent (collectively, the "Parent
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Companies") or Shares that are owned by the Company or any direct or indirect
---------
wholly-owned Subsidiary of the Company and in each case not held on behalf of
third parties (collectively, "Excluded Shares")), together with any Company
---------------
Rights (as defined in Section 5.2(a)) attached thereto or associated therewith,
shall be converted into and become exchangeable for (the "Merger Consideration"
--------------------
0.7669 share (as such number of shares may be adjusted in accordance with the
terms of this Agreement, the "Exchange Ratio") of Common Stock, no par value per
--------------
share, of Parent ("Parent Common Stock").
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At the Effective Time, all Shares and all Company Rights shall no
longer be outstanding and shall be cancelled and retired and shall cease to
exist, and each certificate (a "Share Certificate") formerly representing any of
-----------------
such Shares or Company Rights (other than Excluded Shares) shall thereafter
represent only the right to the Merger Consideration and the right, if any, to
receive pursuant to Section 4.2 (e) cash in lieu of fractional shares of Parent
Common Stock into which such Shares otherwise would have been converted pursuant
to this Section 4.1(a) and any distribution or dividend pursuant to Section
4.2(c). All Company Options (as defined in Section 5.2(a)) shall be converted
into options to purchase Parent Common Stock in accordance with Section 7.11(a)
herein.
(b) Cancellation of Shares. Each Excluded Share shall cease to be
----------------------
outstanding, shall be cancelled and retired without payment of any consideration
therefor and shall cease to exist.
(c) Merger Sub. Each share of Common Stock, par value $.01 per
----------
share, of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective
Time shall be converted into one share of common stock of the Surviving
Corporation.
4.2. Exchange of Certificates for Shares.
-----------------------------------
(a) Exchange Agent. At the Effective Time, Parent shall deposit, or
--------------
shall cause to be deposited, with an exchange agent (the "Exchange Agent"),
--------------
selected by Parent with the Company's prior approval for the benefit of the
holders of Shares, certificates representing the
3
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shares of Parent Common Stock, and, after the Effective Time, if applicable, any
cash dividends or other distributions with respect to the Parent Common Stock to
be issued or paid pursuant to the penultimate sentence of Section 4.1(a) in
exchange for Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time upon due
surrender of the Share Certificates (or affidavits of loss in lieu thereof)
pursuant to the provisions of this Section 4 (such certificates for shares of
Parent Common Stock, together with the amount of any cash dividends or other
distributions payable with respect thereto (and any dividends or other
distributions payable with respect thereto from time to time), being hereinafter
referred to as the "Exchange Fund").
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(b) Exchange Procedures. As soon as practicable after the Effective Time,
-------------------
the Surviving Corporation shall cause the Exchange Agent to mail to each holder
of record of Shares at the Effective Time (other than holders of Excluded
Shares) (i) a letter of transmittal specifying that delivery of the Share
Certificates shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Share
Certificates shall pass, only upon delivery of the Share Certificates (or
affidavits of loss in lieu thereof) to the Exchange Agent, such letter of
transmittal to be in such form and have such other provisions as Parent and the
Company shall reasonably agree, and (ii) instructions for use in effecting the
surrender of the Share Certificates in exchange for (A) certificates
representing shares of Parent Common Stock and (B) any unpaid dividends and
other distributions and cash in lieu of fractional shares to be paid pursuant to
this Agreement (such instructions shall include instructions for the payment of
the Merger Consideration, cash in lieu of fractional shares, and dividends or
other distributions to a Person other than the Person in whose name the
surrendered Share Certificate is registered on the transfer books of the
Company). Subject to Section 4.2(g), upon proper surrender of a Share
Certificate for cancellation to the Exchange Agent together with such letter of
transmittal, duly completed and executed, the holder of such Share Certificate
shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor (x) a certificate representing
that number of whole shares of Parent Common Stock that such holder is entitled
to receive pursuant to this Section 4, (y) a check in the amount (after giving
effect to any required tax withholdings) of (A) any cash in lieu of fractional
shares plus (B) any unpaid non-stock dividends and any other dividends or other
distributions that such holder has the right to receive pursuant to the
provisions of this Section 4, and the Share Certificate so surrendered shall
forthwith be cancelled. No interest will be paid or accrued on any amount
payable upon due surrender of the Share Certificates. In the event of a transfer
of ownership of Shares that is not registered in the transfer records of the
Company, a certificate representing the proper number of shares of Parent Common
Stock, together with a check for any cash to be paid upon due surrender of the
Share Certificate and any other dividends or distributions in respect thereof,
may be issued and/or paid to such a transferee if the Share Certificate formerly
representing such Shares is presented to the Exchange Agent, accompanied by all
documents required to evidence and effect such transfer.
For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "Person" shall mean
------
any individual, corporation (including not-for-profit), general or limited
partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, estate, trust,
association, organization, Governmental Entity (as hereinafter defined) or other
entity of any kind or nature.
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(c) Distributions with Respect to Unexchanged Shares; Voting.
--------------------------------------------------------
(i) All shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued pursuant to
the Merger shall be deemed issued and outstanding as of the Effective Time and
whenever a dividend or other distribution is declared by Parent in respect of
the Parent Common Stock, the record date for which is at or after the Effective
Time, that declaration shall include dividends or other distributions in respect
of all shares of Parent Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement. No
dividends or other distributions in respect of the Parent Common Stock shall be
paid to any holder of any unsurrendered Share Certificate until such Share
Certificate is surrendered for exchange in accordance with this Section 4.
Following surrender of any Share Certificate, there shall be issued and/or paid
to the holder of the certificates representing whole shares of Parent Common
Stock issued in exchange therefor, without interest, (A) at the time of such
surrender, the dividends and other distributions with a record date after the
Effective Time theretofore payable with respect to such whole shares of Parent
Common Stock and not paid and (B) at the appropriate payment date, the dividends
and other distributions payable with respect to such whole shares of Parent
Common Stock with a record date after the Effective Time but with a payment date
subsequent to surrender.
(ii) Holders of unsurrendered Share Certificates shall be
entitled to vote after the Effective Time at any meeting of Parent stockholders
the number of whole shares of Parent Common Stock which such holder thereof is
entitled to receive upon exchange of such Share Certificates, regardless of
whether such holders have exchanged their Share Certificates.
(d) Transfers. After the Effective Time, there shall be no transfers on
---------
the stock transfer books of the Company of the Shares that were outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time.
(e) Fractional Shares. Notwithstanding any other provision of this
-----------------
Agreement to the contrary, no fractional shares of Parent Common Stock will be
issued pursuant to the Merger and any holder of Shares entitled to receive a
fractional share of Parent Common Stock but for this Section 4.2(e) shall be
entitled to receive a cash payment in lieu thereof, which payment shall
represent such holder's proportionate interest in a share of Parent Common Stock
based on the closing price per share of Parent Common Stock as reported in The
---
Wall Street Journal, New York City Edition or, if not reported thereby, another
-------------------
reasonably agreed authoritative source on the trading day immediately preceding
the Effective Time.
(f) Termination of Exchange Fund. Any portion of the Exchange Fund that
----------------------------
remains unclaimed by the stockholders of the Company for 180 days after the
Effective Time shall be returned to Parent. Any stockholders of the Company who
have not theretofore complied with this Section 4 shall thereafter look only to
Parent for payment of the Merger Consideration and any cash dividends and other
distributions in respect thereof payable and/or issuable pursuant to Section 4.1
and Section 4.2 (c) upon due surrender of their Share Certificates (or
affidavits of loss in lieu thereof), in each case, without any interest thereon.
5
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(g) Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Share Certificates. In the event any
--------------------------------------------
Share Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of
an affidavit of that fact by the Person claiming such Share Certificate to be
lost, stolen or destroyed and, if required by Parent, the posting by such Person
of a bond in customary amount as indemnity against any claim that may be made
against it with respect to such Share Certificate, the Exchange Agent will issue
in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Share Certificate the shares of
Parent Common Stock and any cash payable and any unpaid dividends or other
distributions deliverable in respect thereof pursuant to Section 4.2 (c) upon
due surrender of the Shares represented by such Share Certificate pursuant to
this Agreement.
(h) No Liability. To the extent permitted by applicable law, none
------------
of the Parent, the Merger Sub, the Company, the Surviving Corporation or the
Exchange Agent shall be liable to any holder of Shares or of Parent Common
Stock, as the case may be, for such shares (or dividends or distributions with
respect thereto) delivered to a public official pursuant to any applicable
abandoned property, escheat or similar law. If any Share Certificate shall not
have been surrendered prior to 180 days after the Effective Time (or immediately
prior to such earlier date on which any shares of Parent Common Stock, and any
cash payable to the holder of such Share Certificate pursuant to this Section 4
or any dividends or distributions payable to the holder of such Share
Certificate would otherwise escheat to or become the property of any
Governmental Entity (as defined in Section 5.4(a)), any such shares of Parent
Common Stock or cash, dividends or distributions in respect of such Share
Certificate shall, to the extent permitted by applicable law, become the
property of the Surviving Corporation, free and clear of all claims or interest
of any person previously entitled thereto.
(i) Affiliates. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary,
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Certificates surrendered for exchange by any "Affiliate" of the Company (as
defined in Section 7.8(a)) shall not be exchanged until the Parent has received
a Company Affiliate Agreement (as defined in Section 7.8(a)) from such
Affiliate.
4.3. Appraisal Rights.
----------------
No appraisal rights shall be available to holders of Shares in
connection with the Merger in accordance with the provisions of Section 262 of
the DGCL.
4.4. Adjustments to Exchange Ratio.
-----------------------------
The Exchange Ratio shall be adjusted to reflect the effect of any
reclassification, stock split, reverse split, stock dividend (including any
dividend or distribution of securities convertible into Parent Common Stock or
Shares), reorganization, recapitalization or other like change with respect to
Parent Common Stock or Shares occurring (or for which a record date is
established) after the date hereof and prior to the Effective Time.
4.5. Unvested Stock.
---------------
At the Effective Time, unvested Shares, if any, awarded to employees,
directors or consultants pursuant to any of the Company's plans or arrangements
and
6
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outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into
unvested shares of Parent Common Stock in accordance with the Exchange Ratio and
shall remain subject to the same terms, restrictions and vesting schedule
(including acceleration provisions, if any) as in effect immediately prior to
the Effective Time. All outstanding rights which the Company may hold
immediately prior to the Effective Time to repurchase unvested Shares, if any,
shall be assigned to the Parent in the Merger and shall thereafter be
exercisable by Parent upon the same terms and conditions in effect immediately
prior to the Effective Time, except that the shares purchasable pursuant to such
rights and the purchase price payable per share shall be adjusted to reflect the
Exchange Ratio.
5. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
The Company represents and warrants to the Parent and the Merger Sub that
the statements contained in this Section 5 are true and correct, except as set
forth herein or in the disclosure letter delivered by the Company to the Parent
on or before the date of this Agreement (the "Company Disclosure Letter"). The
-------------------------
Company Disclosure Letter shall be arranged in paragraphs corresponding to the
numbered and lettered paragraphs contained in this Section 5 and the disclosure
in any paragraph shall qualify other paragraphs in this Section 5 only to the
extent that it is reasonably apparent from a reading of such disclosure that it
also qualifies or applies to such other paragraphs.
5.1. Organization, Good Standing and Qualification.
---------------------------------------------
Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as hereinafter defined) is a
corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing or of active
status, as applicable, under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization and
has all requisite corporate or similar power and authority to own and operate
its properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently conducted
and is qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation
in each jurisdiction where the ownership or operation of its properties or
conduct of its business requires such qualification, except where the failure to
be so qualified or in good standing would not have a Company Material Adverse
Effect (as hereinafter defined). The Company has made available to Parent
complete and correct copies of the Company's and its Subsidiaries' articles of
incorporation and bylaws (or comparable governing instruments), as amended to
the date hereof. The Company's and its Subsidiaries' articles of incorporation
and bylaws (or comparable governing instruments) so delivered are in full force
and effect.
As used in this Agreement, the term "Subsidiary" means, with
----------
respect to the Company, Parent or Merger Sub, as the case may be, any entity,
whether incorporated or unincorporated, of which at least a majority of the
securities or ownership interests having by their terms ordinary voting power to
elect a majority of the board of directors or other persons performing similar
functions is directly or indirectly owned or controlled by such party or by one
or more of its respective Subsidiaries or by such party and any one or more of
its respective Subsidiaries.
7
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As used in this Agreement, the term "Company Material Adverse
------------------------
Effect" means a material adverse effect on the financial condition, properties,
------
business, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries
taken as a whole; provided, however, that any such effect resulting from any
change (i) in law, rule, regulation or generally accepted accounting principles
("GAAP") or interpretations thereof, (ii) in economic or business conditions
----
generally or in the industries of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
specifically in a manner not disproportionate to the manner in which such
conditions affect other companies generally or other companies in the industries
of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, or (iii) as a
proximate result of the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the
contemplated consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby shall not be
considered when determining if a Company Material Adverse Effect has occurred.
5.2. Capital Structure.
-----------------
(a) The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of
30,000,000 shares of Company Common Stock and 1,000,000 shares of preferred
stock, $.01 par value per share ("Company Preferred Stock"), of which 100,000
-----------------------
shares are designated Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock. As of the
close of business on the date hereof, (i) 14,550,519 shares of Company Common
Stock were issued and outstanding, (ii) no shares of Company Common Stock were
held in the treasury of the Company or by Subsidiaries of the Company, and (iii)
no shares of the Company Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding. Section
5.2(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter lists the number of shares of Company
Common Stock reserved for future issuance pursuant to stock options granted and
outstanding as of the date of this Agreement and the plans under which such
options were granted (collectively, the "Company Stock Plans") and sets forth a
-------------------
complete and accurate list of all holders of outstanding options to purchase
shares of Company Common Stock (such outstanding options, the "Company Options")
---------------
under the Company Stock Plans, indicating the number of shares of Company Common
Stock subject to each Company Option, and the exercise price, the date of grant,
vesting schedule and the expiration date thereof. All outstanding shares of
Company Common Stock are, and all shares of Company Common Stock subject to
issuance as specified in the previous sentence, upon issuance on the terms and
conditions specified in the instruments pursuant to which they are issuable,
will be, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not
subject to or issued in violation of any purchase option, call option, right of
first refusal, preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right under
any provision of the DGCL, the Company's certificate of incorporation or bylaws
or any agreement to which the Company is a party or is otherwise bound. There
are no obligations, contingent or otherwise, of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of the
Company Common Stock or other capital stock of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries. Each of the outstanding shares of capital stock or other
securities of each of the Company's Subsidiaries is duly authorized, validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable and owned by the Company or a direct or
indirect wholly-owned Subsidiary of the Company, free and clear of any lien,
pledge, security interest, claim, limitation on the Company's voting rights or
other encumbrance. Except for (x) pursuant to Company Stock Plans and (y) the
rights ("Company Rights") issued and issuable under the Company's Shareholder
--------------
Rights Plan, dated as of March 4, 1998 between the Company and American
8
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Stock Transfer and Trust Company (the "Company Rights Plan") there are no
-------------------
preemptive or other outstanding rights, options, warrants, conversion rights,
stock appreciation rights, redemption rights, repurchase rights, agreements,
arrangements or commitments to issue or to sell any shares of capital stock or
other securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any securities or
obligations convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for, or giving any
Person a right to subscribe for or acquire, any securities of the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries, and no securities or obligations evidencing such rights are
authorized, issued or outstanding. The Company does not have outstanding any
bonds, debentures, notes or other obligations the holders of which have the
right to vote (or convertible into or exercisable for securities having the
right to vote) with the stockholders of the Company on any matter ("Voting
------
Debt"). To the knowledge of the executive officers of the Company, other than
----
the Company Stockholder Agreement to be delivered by Richard S. Post and John M.
Tarrh, there are no agreements or understandings with respect to the voting
(including voting trusts and proxies) or sale or transfer (including agreements
imposing transfer restrictions) of any shares of capital stock of the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries.
(b) Except as set forth in the Company Reports (as defined below)
filed prior to the date of this Agreement, neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries directly or indirectly owns any equity, membership, partnership or
similar interest in, or any interest convertible into or exchangeable or
exercisable for any equity, membership, partnership or similar interest in, any
corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other
business association or entity, whether incorporated or unincorporated.
5.3. Corporate Authority; Approval and Fairness.
------------------------------------------
(a) The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority and
has taken all corporate action necessary in order to execute, deliver and
perform its obligations under this Agreement and to consummate, subject only to
approval of this Agreement by the holders of a majority of the outstanding
Shares (the "Company Requisite Vote"), the Merger and the transactions
----------------------
contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the
Company, and assuming due authorization, execution and delivery of this
Agreement by Parent and Merger Sub, is a valid and legally binding agreement of
the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms,
subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization,
moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting
creditors' rights and to general equity principles (the "Bankruptcy and Equity
---------------------
Exception").
---------
(b) The Board of Directors of the Company (A) has approved this
Agreement and adopted the Plan set forth in this Agreement and (B) has received
the opinion of its financial advisors, CIBC World Markets Corp., to the effect
that the Exchange Ratio pursuant to this Agreement is fair from a financial
point of view to the holders of the Shares.
9
<PAGE>
5.4. Governmental Filings; No Violations.
-----------------------------------
(a) Except with respect to Environmental Laws, which are specifically
addressed in Section 5.12, other than the filings and/or notices (A) pursuant to
Section 1.3 and (B) under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of
1976, as amended (the "HSR Act"), the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
-------
"Securities Act"), and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
--------------
"Exchange Act"), no notices, reports or other filings are required to be made
------------
the Company with, nor are any consents, registrations, approvals, permits or
authorizations required to be obtained by the Company from, any governmental or
regulatory authority, agency, commission, body or other governmental entity
(each a "Governmental Entity"), in connection with the execution and delivery of
-------------------
this Agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the Merger
and the other transactions contemplated hereby.
(b) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the
Company do not, and the consummation by the Company of the Merger and the other
transactions contemplated hereby will not, constitute or result in (A) a breach
or violation of, or a default under, either the certificate of incorporation of
the Company or bylaws of the Company or the comparable governing instruments of
any of its Subsidiaries, (B) a breach or violation of, a default under, the
acceleration of any obligations or the creation of a lien, pledge, security
interest or other encumbrance on the assets of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) pursuant to, any
agreement, lease, contract, note, mortgage, indenture, arrangement or other
obligation ("Contracts") binding upon the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
---------
or any Law or governmental or non-governmental permit, license, judgment,
injunction, order, decree, statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulation to which
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject or (C) any change in the
rights or obligations of any party under any of the Contracts, except, in the
case of clause (B) above, for any breach, violation, default, acceleration,
creation or change that would not have a Company Material Adverse Effect or
prevent, materially delay or materially impair the ability of the Company to
consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
5.5. Company Reports: Financial Statements.
-------------------------------------
The Company has made or, as appropriate, will make, available to
Parent each registration statement, report, proxy statement or information
statement required to be filed by it since July 1, 2000 (the "Audit Date") and
----------
prior to the Effective Time, including the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended July 1, 2000 in the form (including exhibits, annexes
and any amendments thereto) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the "SEC") (collectively, including amendments of any such reports as amended,
---
the "Company Reports"). The Company Reports (i) were or will be filed on a
---------------
timely basis, (ii) were or will be prepared in compliance in all material
respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange
Act, as the case may be, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder
applicable to such Company Reports, and (iii) did not or will not at the time
they were or are filed contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state a material fact required to be stated in such Company Reports or
necessary
10
<PAGE>
in order to make the statements in such Company Reports, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No Subsidiary of the
Company is required to file any forms, reports or other documents with the SEC.
Each of the consolidated balance sheets included in or incorporated by reference
into the Company Reports (including the related notes and schedules) fairly
presents the consolidated financial position of the Company and its Subsidiaries
as of its date and each of the consolidated statements of income and of
consolidated statements of cash flow included in or incorporated by reference
into the Company Reports (including any related notes and schedules) fairly
presents the consolidated results of operations and cash flows, as the case may
be, of the Company and its Subsidiaries for the periods set forth therein
(subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to the absence of notes and
normal year-end audit adjustments, which will not be material), in each case in
accordance with GAAP consistently applied during the periods involved, except as
may be noted therein.
5.6. Absence of Certain Changes.
--------------------------
Except as disclosed in the Company Reports or as permitted hereunder,
since the Audit Date and through the date hereof, the Company and its
Subsidiaries taken as a whole have conducted their business only in, and have
not engaged in any material transaction other than according to, the ordinary
and usual course of such business and there has not been (i) any change in the
financial condition, properties, business, results of operations or prospects of
the Company and its Subsidiaries that has had, or would be reasonably expected
to have, a Company Material Adverse Effect; (ii) any material damage,
destruction or other casualty loss with respect to any material asset or
material property owned, leased or otherwise used by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries, not covered by insurance; (iii) any declaration, setting aside or
payment of any dividend or other distribution in respect of the capital stock of
the Company; (iv) any change by the Company in accounting principles, practices
or methods which is not required or permitted by GAAP; or (v) any other action
that would have required Parent consent pursuant to Section 7.1(a). Since the
Audit Date and through the date hereof, except as provided for herein or as
disclosed in the Company Reports, there has not been any material increase in
the compensation payable or that could become payable by the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries to officers or key employees or any material amendment of any
of the Compensation and Benefit Plans (as hereinafter defined) other than
increases or amendments in the ordinary course.
5.7. Litigation.
----------
Except with respect to Environmental Laws, which are specifically
addressed in Section 5.12, and except as disclosed in the Company Reports, there
are no civil, criminal or administrative actions, suits, claims, hearings,
investigations or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the executive
officers of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries, except for those that would not have a Company Material
Adverse Effect or prevent or materially burden or materially impair the ability
of the Company to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
nor any judgment, decree, injunction, rule or rules of any Governmental Entity
pending or, to the knowledge of the
11
<PAGE>
executive officers of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries, except for those that would not have a Company
Material Adverse Effect or prevent or materially burden or materially impair the
ability of the Company to consummate the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. There are no judgments, orders or decrees outstanding against the
Company which, individually or in the aggregate, have had or are reasonably
likely to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
5.8. Employee Benefits.
-----------------
(a) A true and correct copy of each bonus, deferred compensation,
pension, retirement, profit-sharing, thrift, savings, employee stock ownership,
stock bonus, stock purchase, restricted stock, stock option, employment,
termination, severance, compensation, medical, health or other plan, agreement,
policy or arrangement, including, without limitation, any employee benefit plan
under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"),
-----
maintained or contributed to by the Company, its Subsidiaries or any entity
which is considered one employer with the Company under Section 4001 of ERISA or
Section 414 of the Code (an "ERISA Affiliate") (the "Compensation and Benefit
--------------- ------------------------
Plans") and any trust agreement or insurance contract forming a part of such
-----
Compensation and Benefit Plans has been made available to Parent prior to the
date hereof. In addition, where relevant, the following documents regarding the
Compensation and Benefit Plans of the Company and its Subsidiaries has been made
available to Parent: (i) administrative service agreements; (ii) summary plan
descriptions; and (iii) IRS Form 5500s, Form 5500C and Form 5500R for the last
three (3) years. The Compensation and Benefit Plans are listed in Section 5.8 of
the Company Disclosure Letter and any Compensation and Benefit Plans containing
"change of control" or similar provisions therein are specifically identified in
Section 5.8 of the Company Disclosure Letter.
(b) All Compensation and Benefit Plans covering Employees (the
"Plans") are incompliance with all applicable laws, including the Code and ERISA
-----
to the extent applicable and the laws of any applicable foreign jurisdiction,
except for any noncompliance that would not have a Company Material Adverse
Effect or prevent or materially burden or materially impair the ability of the
Company to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Each
Compensation and Benefit Plan has been administered in accordance with its terms
and the requirements of ERISA and the Code, to the extent applicable. Each Plan
that is an "employee pension benefit plan" within the meaning of Section 3(2) of
ERISA (a "Pension Plan") and that is intended to be qualified under Section
------------
401(a) of the Code has received or is the subject of a favorable determination
letter from the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") with respect to "TRA" (as
defined in Section 1 of Rev. Proc. 93-39) and no such determination letter has
been revoked and revocation has not been threatened, and no act or omission has
occurred that is reasonably likely to result in revocation of any such favorable
letter. As of the date hereof, there is no audit or investigation by any
Governmental Entity underway, and there are no termination proceedings or to the
knowledge of the executive officers of the Company, other claims (except claims
for benefits payable in the ordinary course) suits or proceedings threatened
against or involving any Compensation and Benefit Plans that would give rise to
any liability. Neither the Company, its Subsidiaries, nor any
12
<PAGE>
employee, officer or director thereof, nor, any third-party with respect to
Compensation and Benefit Plans, has engaged or failed to engage in any conduct
with respect to any Compensation and Benefit Plan that could subject the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries to any material fine, penalty, tax or liability of
any kind under the Code or ERISA or could require indemnification by the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries.
(c) Neither the Company, its Subsidiaries nor any ERISA Affiliate has
ever maintained a Compensation and Benefit Plan subject to Section 412 of the
Code or Title IV of ERISA. At no time has the Company, its Subsidiaries or any
ERISA Affiliate been obligated to contribute to any "multiemployer plan" as
defined in ERISA.
(d) All contributions required to be made under the terms of any
Compensation and Benefit Plan as of the date hereof have been timely made.
(e) Except as required by Code Section 4980B or any similar state
law, neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries has any obligations for retiree
health and life benefits under any Compensation and Benefit Plan nor any
unfunded obligation under any other Compensation and Benefit Plan for post-
employment benefits. The Company, its Subsidiaries and its ERISA Affiliates have
at all times complied with the continuation coverage requirements of Code
Section 4980B, or similar state law.
(f) The consummation of the Merger and the other transactions
contemplated by this Agreement will not (w) entitle any Employees to severance
pay, (x) accelerate the time of payment or vesting or trigger any payment or
funding (through a grantor trust or otherwise) of compensation or benefits
under, increase the amount payable or trigger any other material obligation
pursuant to, any of the Compensation and Benefit Plans, (y) result in any breach
or violation of, or a default under, any of the Compensation and Benefit Plans,
or (z) provide any payment that may be subject to the tax imposed by Section
4999 of the Code or included in the determination of such person's "parachute
payment" under Section 280G of the Code.
(g) No Compensation and Benefit Plan or related documentation
prohibits the Company or any Subsidiary from amending or terminating such
Compensation and Benefit Plan. No Compensation and Benefit Plan is funded by,
associated with or related to a "voluntary employee's beneficiary association"
within the meaning of Section 501(c)(9) of the Code.
(h) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this
Section 5.8, the representations and warranties contained in this Section 5.8,
other than the representations and warranties set forth in paragraph (f) above,
shall be deemed to be true and correct unless such failures to be true and
correct are reasonably likely to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
5.9. Compliance with Laws.
--------------------
Exclusive of Environmental Laws which are specifically dealt with in
Section 5.12 below, the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a
whole is not being
13
<PAGE>
conducted in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign law, statute,
ordinance, rule, regulation, judgment, order, injunction, decree, arbitration
award, agency requirement, license or permit of any Governmental Entity
(collectively, "Laws"), except for violations that would not have a Company
----
Material Adverse Effect or prevent or materially burden or materially impair the
ability of the Company to consummate the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. Exclusive of Environmental Laws which are specifically dealt with in
Section 5.12 below, no investigation or review by any Governmental Entity with
respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is pending or, to the
knowledge of the executive officers of the Company, threatened, nor has any
Governmental Entity indicated an intention to conduct the same, except for those
the outcome of which would not have a Company Material Adverse Effect or prevent
or materially burden or materially impair the ability of the Company to
consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Company and its
Subsidiaries each has all permits, licenses, franchises, variances, exemptions,
orders and other governmental authorizations, consents and approvals ("Permits")
-------
from Governmental Entities necessary to conduct its business as presently
conducted, except for those the absence of which would not have a Company
Material Adverse Effect or prevent or materially burden or materially impair the
ability of the Company to consummate the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of
the Permits, except where the failure to so comply, individually or in the
aggregate, is not reasonably likely to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
No Permit will cease to be effective as a result of the consummation of
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except where the cessation of
effectiveness, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a Company
Material Adverse Effect.
5.10. Required Vote.
--------------
The Company shareholder approval, being the affirmative vote of a
majority of the Shares entitled to vote, is the only vote of the holders of any
class or series of the securities of Company necessary to approve this
Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby.
5.11. Owned and Leased Real Properties.
---------------------------------
(a) Except as disclosed in the Company Reports, the Company and its
Subsidiaries do not own any real property.
(b) The Company has provided to the Parent a complete and accurate
list of all real property leased by the Company or its Subsidiaries
(collectively "Company Leases") and the location of the premises. The Company is
---------------
not in default under any of the Company Leases, except where the existence of
such defaults, individually or in the aggregate, has not had, and is not
reasonably likely to have a Company Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Company
Leases is in full force and effect and will not cease to be in full force and
effect as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
5.12. Environmental Matters.
---------------------
14
<PAGE>
Except as disclosed in the Company Reports and except for such matters
that would not have a Company Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its
Subsidiaries: (i) are in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws (as
hereinafter defined); (ii) have not received any notice from any Governmental
Entity or any third party alleging any violation of, or liability under, any
applicable Environmental Laws; (iii) are not subject to any court order,
administrative order or decree arising under any Environmental Law; (iv) to the
knowledge of the executive officers of the Company, do not own or operate any
property that has been contaminated with any Hazardous Substance (as hereinafter
defined) and (v) are not subject to any claims, demands or notifications
concerning liability for any Hazardous Substance disposal or contamination.
Parent and Merger Sub acknowledge that the representations and
warranties contained in this Section 5.12 are the only representations and
warranties being made by the Company with respect to compliance with, or
liability or claims under, Environmental Laws or with respect to permits issued
or required under Environmental Laws, that no other representation by the
Company contained in this Agreement shall apply to any such matters and that no
other representation or warranty, express or implied, is being made with respect
thereto.
As used herein, the term "Environmental Law" means any federal,
-----------------
state, local or foreign statute, law, regulation, order, decree, permit,
authorization, common law or agency requirement as in effect and as interpreted
as of the date hereof relating to (A) the protection, investigation or
restoration of the environment, human health, worker safety, or the protection
of natural resources or (B) the handling, use, presence, disposal, release or
threatened release of, or exposure to, any Hazardous Substance.
As used herein, the term "Hazardous Substance" means any
-------------------
substance that is listed, classified or regulated as such pursuant to any
Environmental Law including any petroleum product or by-product, asbestos-
containing material, lead-containing paint or plumbing, polychlorinated
biphenyls, radioactive material or radon.
5.13. Accounting and Tax Qualification Matters.
----------------------------------------
As of or prior to the date hereof, neither the Company nor any of its
Affiliates (as defined in Section 7.8(a)) has taken or agreed to take any
action, nor do the executive officers of the Company have any knowledge of any
fact or circumstance relating to the Company, that would prevent Parent from
accounting for the business combination to be effected by the Merger as a
"pooling-of-interests" or prevent the Merger from qualifying as a
"reorganization" within the meaning of Section 368 (a) of the Code.
5.14. Taxes.
-----
(a) The Company and each of its Subsidiaries (i) have duly and timely
filed (taking into account any extension of time within which to file) all Tax
Returns (as defined below) required to be filed by any of them and all such
filed Tax Returns are complete and accurate in all respects, (ii) have paid all
Taxes (as defined below) owed by the Company and
15
<PAGE>
each of its Subsidiaries (whether or not shown on any Tax Return) or that the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries are obligated to withhold from amounts owing
to any employee, creditor or third party, except with respect to matters
contested in good faith and (iii) have not waived any statute of limitations
with respect to Taxes or agreed to any extension of time with respect to a Tax
assessment or deficiency, except, in each case, for those failures to file or
pay or those waivers that would not have a Company Material Adverse Effect. As
of the date hereof, there are not pending or, to the knowledge of the executive
officers of the Company, threatened in writing, any audits, examinations,
investigations or other proceedings in respect of Taxes or Tax matters.
(b) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has made any payments, is
obligated to make any payments, or is a party to any agreement that could
obligate it to make any payments that will be an "excess parachute payment"
under Code Section 280G.
(c) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any actual or potential
liability for any Taxes of any person (other than the Company and its
Subsidiaries) under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any similar
provision of federal, state, local, or foreign law), or as a transferee or
successor, by contract, or otherwise.
(d) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is a "consenting corporation"
within the meaning of Section 341(f) of the Code, and none of the assets of the
Company or the Subsidiaries are subject to an election under Section 341(f) of
the Code.
(e) None of the assets of the Company or any Subsidiary is property that
is required to be treated as being owned by any other person pursuant to the
provisions of former Section 168(f)(8) of the Code.
(f) None of the assets of the Company or any Subsidiary is "tax-exempt use
property" within the meaning of Section 168(h) of the Code.
(g) None of the assets of the Company or any Subsidiary directly or
indirectly secures any debt the interest on which is tax exempt under Section
103(a) of the Code.
(h) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has undergone a change in its
method of accounting resulting in an adjustment to its taxable income pursuant
to Section 481(h) of the Code.
(i) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is or has ever been a member of
a group of corporations with which it has filed (or been required to file)
consolidated, combined or unitary Tax Returns, other than a group of which only
the Company and the Subsidiaries are or were members.
(j) The Company has never participated in or cooperated with an
international boycott within the meaning of Section 999 of the Code.
16
<PAGE>
As used in this Agreement, (i) the term "Tax" (including, with
---
correlative meaning, the terms "Taxes", and "Taxable") includes all federal,
----- -------
state, local and foreign income, profits, franchise, gross receipts,
environmental, customs duty, capital stock, severances, stamp, payroll, sales,
employment, unemployment, disability, use, property, withholding, excise,
transfer production, value added, ad valorem occupancy and other taxes, duties
or assessments of any nature whatsoever, imposed by the United States of America
or any state, local or foreign government, or any agency thereof, or other
political subdivision of the United States or any such government, together with
all interest, penalties and additions imposed with respect to such amounts and
any interest in respect of such penalties and additions, and (ii) the term "Tax
---
Return" includes all returns and reports (including elections, declarations,
------
disclosures, schedules, estimates and information returns) required to be
supplied to a Tax authority relating to Taxes.
5.15. Labor Matters.
-------------
Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or
otherwise bound by any collective bargaining agreement, contract or other
agreement or understanding with a labor union or labor organization. Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is the subject of any proceeding asserting
that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has committed an unfair labor
practice nor is there pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of
the Company, threatened, nor since January 1, 1998 has there been any labor
strike, dispute, walk-out, work stoppage, slow-down or lockout involving the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, except for those that would not have a
Company Material Adverse Effect or prevent or materially burden or materially
impair the ability of the Company to consummate the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement.
5.16. Intellectual Property.
---------------------
(a) The Company and/or one or more of its Subsidiaries owns, or is
licensed or otherwise possesses valid rights to use, all patents, trademarks,
trade names, service marks, domain names, copyrights, and any applications
therefor, technology, know-how, computer software programs or applications, and
tangible or intangible proprietary information or materials that are used in the
business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as conducted as of the date hereof,
except for any such failures to own, be licensed or possess that would not have
a Company Material Adverse Effect, and to the knowledge of the executive
officers of the Company all patents, trademarks, trade names, service marks and
copyrights owned by the Company and/or its Subsidiaries are valid and
subsisting, except for those the invalidity of which would not have a Company
Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Except as disclosed in Company Reports or except as would not
have a Company Material Adverse Effect:
(i) the Company is not, nor will it be as a result of the
execution and delivery of this Agreement or the performance of its obligations
hereunder, in violation of any licenses, sublicenses and other agreements as to
which the Company is a party
17
<PAGE>
as of the date hereof and pursuant to which the Company is authorized to use any
third-party patents, trademarks, service marks, copyrights, domain names, trade
secrets or computer software (collectively, "Third-Party Intellectual Property
---------------------------------
Rights"), except for those items listed in Section 5.16(a)(i) of the Company
------
Disclosure Letter.
(ii) no claims with respect to (a) the patents, registered
and material unregistered trademarks and service marks, domain names, registered
copyrights, trade names, and any applications therefor, trade secrets or
computer software owned by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (collectively,
the "Company Intellectual Property Rights") or (b) Third-Party Intellectual
------------------------------------
Property Rights are currently pending or, to the knowledge of the executive
officers of the Company, are threatened by any Person;
(iii) to the knowledge of the executive officers of the
Company there are not any valid grounds for any bona fide claims (a) to the
effect that the sale, licensing or use of any product or service as used, sold
or licensed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries as of the date hereof,
infringes on any copyright, patent, trademark, service mark, domain name or
trade secret; (b) against the use by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of
any Company Intellectual Property Rights or the Third-Party Intellectual
Property Rights used in the business of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
as currently conducted; (c) challenging the ownership, validity or
enforceability of any of the Company Intellectual Property Rights; or (d)
challenging the license or legally enforceable right to use of the Third-Party
Intellectual Rights by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; and
(iv) to the knowledge of the executive officers of the
Company, there is no unauthorized use, infringement or misappropriation of any
of the Company Intellectual Property Rights by any third party, including any
employee or former employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
(v) The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable
measures to protect the proprietary nature of the Company Intellectual Property
Rights that are material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries,
taken as a whole, and to maintain in confidence all trade secrets and
confidential information owned or used by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
and that are material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken
as a whole.
5.17. Agreements, Contracts and Commitments.
--------------------------------------
(a) Other than the contracts identified on the exhibit indices of
the Company Reports filed prior to the date of this Agreement (the "Company
Material Contracts"), there are no contracts or agreements that are material to
the business, assets, condition (financial or otherwise) or results of
operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Each Company Material Contract
has not expired by its terms and is in full force and effect. Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of or in default under (nor
does there exist any condition which, upon the passage of time or the giving of
notice or both, would cause such a violation of or default under) any loan or
credit agreement, note, bond, mortgage,
18
<PAGE>
indenture, lease, permit, concession, franchise, license or other contract,
arrangement or understanding to which it is a party or by which it or any of its
properties or assets is bound, except for violations or defaults which,
individually or in the aggregate, have not resulted in, and are not reasonably
likely to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Section 5.17(b) of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth a
complete list of each contract or agreement to which the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries is a party or bound with any Affiliate of the Company (other than
any Subsidiary which is a direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the
Company). Complete and accurate copies of all the agreements, contracts and
arrangements set forth in Section 5.17(b) of the Company Disclosure Letter have
heretofore been furnished to the Parent. Except as disclosed in the Company
Reports filed prior to the date of this Agreement, neither the Company nor any
of its Subsidiaries has entered into any transaction with any director, officer
or other affiliate of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any transaction
that would be subject to proxy statement disclosure pursuant to Item 404 of
Regulation S-K.
5.18. Brokers and Finders.
-------------------
Except for CIBC World Markets Corp., neither the Company nor any of
its officers, directors or employees has employed any broker or finder or
incurred any liability for any brokerage fees, commissions or finders' fees in
connection with the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. CIBC World Market Corp.'s fees and expenses will be paid by the
Company. Section 5.18 of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth a complete and
accurate list of the estimated fees and expenses incurred and to be incurred by
the Company and any of its Subsidiaries in connection with this Agreement and
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including the fees and expenses
of CIBC World Markets Corp. and of the Company's legal counsel and accountants).
5.19. Board Recommendation.
--------------------
The Company Board, at a meeting duly called and held, has by a
unanimous vote (with John R. Bertucci abstaining), (i) determined and declared
that this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the
Merger, are advisable and fair to and in the best interests of Company and the
shareholders of Company, and (ii) resolved to recommend that the holders of
Shares approve this Agreement and the transactions contemplated herein,
including the Merger. Each of Richard S. Post and John M. Tarrh, simultaneously
with the execution of this Agreement, has executed a Stockholder Agreement, in
the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-1 (the "Company Stockholder Agreement"),
-----------------------------
agreeing to vote all shares of Company Common Stock owned by them in favor of
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
5.20. No Existing Discussions.
-----------------------
As of the date of this Agreement, neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries is engaged, directly or indirectly, in any discussions or
negotiations with any other party with respect to an Acquisition Proposal (as
defined in Section 7.2).
19
<PAGE>
5.21. Section 203 of the DGCL Not Applicable.
--------------------------------------
The Board of Directors of the Company has taken all actions
necessary so that the restrictions contained in Section 203 of the DGCL
applicable to a "business combination" (as defined in Section 203) will not
apply to the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, the Company
Stockholder Agreement or the consummation of the Merger or the other
transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Company Stockholder
Agreement.
5.22. Rights Agreement.
----------------
20
<PAGE>
The Company has duly entered into an amendment to the Company Rights
Plan, a signed copy of which has been delivered to the Parent, and taken all
other action necessary or appropriate so that the entering into of this
Agreement or the Company Stockholder Agreement do not and will not result in the
ability of any person to exercise any of the Company Rights under the Company
Rights Plan or enable or require the Company Rights issued thereunder to
separate from the Shares to which they are attached or to be triggered or become
exercisable or cease to be redeemable.
5.23. Assets.
------
Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries owns or leases all tangible
assets necessary for the conduct of its businesses as presently conducted and as
presently proposed to be conducted. All of such tangible assets which are owned,
are owned free and clear of all mortgages, security interests, pledges, liens
and encumbrances ("Liens") except for (i) Liens which are disclosed in the
Company Reports filed prior to the date of this Agreement and (ii) other Liens
which, individually and in the aggregate, do not materially interfere with the
ability of the Company and its Subsidiaries to conduct their business as
currently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted and have not
resulted in, and are not reasonably likely to result in, a Company Material
Adverse Effect. The tangible assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken
as a whole, are free from material defects, have been maintained in accordance
with normal industry practice, are in good operating condition and repair
(subject to normal wear and tear) and are suitable for the purpose for which
they are presently used.
5.24. Customers and Suppliers.
-----------------------
No customer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that
represented 5% or more of the Company's consolidated revenues in the fiscal year
ended July 1, 2000 has indicated to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that
it will stop, or decrease the rate of, buying materials, products or services
from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. No supplier of the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries has indicated to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that
it will stop, or decrease the rate of, supplying materials, products or services
to them, which cessation or decrease, individually or in the aggregate, is
reasonably likely to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
5.25. Business Activity Restrictions.
-------------------------------
There is no non-competition or other similar agreement, commitment,
judgment, injunction or order to which the Company or any Subsidiary of the
Company is a party or subject to that has or could reasonably be expected to
have the effect of prohibiting or impairing the conduct of the business by the
Company in any material respect. The Company has not entered into any agreement
under which it is restricted in any material respect from selling, licensing or
otherwise distributing any of its technology or products, or providing services
to, customers or potential customers or any class of customers, in any
geographic area, during any period of time or any segment of the market or line
of business.
5.26. Disclosure.
----------
21
<PAGE>
No representation or warranty by Company in this Agreement, nor any
statement, schedule, document or exhibit hereto furnished or to be furnished by
or on behalf of Company pursuant to this Agreement or in connection with
transactions contemplated hereby, contains or shall contain any untrue statement
of material fact or omits or shall omit a material fact necessary to make the
statements contained herein or therein not misleading.
5.27. No Other Representations or Warranties.
--------------------------------------
Except for the representations and warranties contained in this
Section 5, neither the Company nor any other Person makes any other express or
implied representation or warranty on behalf of the Company or any of its
Affiliates.
6. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB
The Parent and the Merger Sub, jointly and severally, represent and warrant
to the Company that the statements contained in this Section 6 are true and
correct, except as set forth herein or in the disclosure schedule delivered by
the Parent to the Company on or before the date of this Agreement (the "Parent
------
Disclosure Letter"). The Parent Disclosure Letter shall be arranged in
-----------------
paragraphs corresponding to the numbered and lettered paragraphs contained in
this Section 6 and the disclosure in any paragraph shall qualify other
paragraphs in this Section 6 only to the extent that it is reasonably apparent
from a reading of such document that it also qualifies or applies to such other
paragraphs.
6.1. Ownership of Company Shares.
---------------------------
Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries (i) owns any of the
Shares, and (ii) will acquire any of the Shares prior to the Effective Time.
6.2. Capitalization of Merger Sub.
----------------------------
The authorized capital stock of Merger Sub consists of 1,000 shares
of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, of Merger Sub all of which are
validly issued and outstanding. All of the issued and outstanding capital stock
of Merger Sub is, and at the Effective Time will be, owned by Parent, and there
are (i) no other shares of capital stock or voting securities of Merger Sub
authorized, (ii) no securities of Merger Sub convertible into or exchangeable
for shares of capital stock or voting securities of Merger Sub and (iii) no
options or other rights to acquire from Merger Sub, and no obligations of Merger
Sub to issue, any capital stock, voting securities or securities convertible
into or exchangeable for capital stock or voting securities of Merger Sub.
Merger Sub has not conducted any business prior to the date hereof and has no,
and prior to the Effective Time will have no, assets, liabilities or obligations
of any nature other than those incident to its formation and pursuant to or in
connection with this Agreement and the Merger and the other transactions
contemplated by this Agreement.
6.3. Organization, Good Standing and Qualification.
---------------------------------------------
22
<PAGE>
Each of Parent and its Subsidiaries is a corporation duly organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of
organization and has all requisite corporate or similar power and authority to
own and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as
presently conducted and is qualified to do business and is in good standing as a
foreign corporation in each jurisdiction where the ownership or operation of its
properties or conduct of its business requires such qualification, except where
the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not have a Parent
Material Adverse Effect (as hereinafter defined). Parent has made available to
the Company a complete and correct copy of Parent's and the Merger Sub's article
of organization and bylaws (or comparable governing instruments), as amended
and/or restated to the date hereof. Parent's and its Subsidiaries' articles of
organization and bylaws (or comparable governing instruments) are in full force
and effect.
As used in this Agreement, the term "Parent Material Adverse
-----------------------
Effect" means a material adverse effect on the financial condition, properties,
------
business or results of operations of Parent and its Subsidiaries taken as a
whole; provided, however, that any such effect resulting from any change (i) in
law, rule, or regulation or GAAP or interpretations thereof (ii) in economic or
business conditions generally or in the industries of the Parent or any of its
Subsidiaries specifically in a manner not disproportionate to the manner in
which such conditions affect other companies generally or other companies in the
industries of the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, or
(iii) as a proximate result of the execution and delivery of this Agreement and
the contemplated consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby shall not
be considered when determining if a Parent Material Adverse Effect has occurred.
6.4. Capital Structure.
-----------------
The authorized capital stock of the Parent consists of 50,000,000
shares of Parent Common Stock and 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par
value per share (the "Parent Preferred Stock"). As of the close of business on
----------------------
the date hereof, 25,532,257 shares of Parent Common Stock were issued and
outstanding and no shares of Parent Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding.
As of the close of business on the date hereof, there were an aggregate of
2,899,361 shares of Parent Common Stock subject to outstanding options pursuant
to the Parent's Amended and Restated 1995 Stock Incentive Plan, 1996 Amended and
Restated Director Stock Option Plan and 1997 Director Stock Option Plan. In
addition, 427,286 shares of Parent Common Stock are reserved for future issuance
pursuant to the 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. All outstanding shares of
Parent Common Stock are, and all shares of Parent Common Stock subject to
issuance as specified above, upon issuance on the terms and conditions specified
in the instruments pursuant to which they are issuable, will be, duly
authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. All of the shares of
Parent Common Stock issuable pursuant to Section 4.1(a) in connection with the
Merger, when issued in accordance with this Agreement, will be duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject to or issued in
violation of any purchase option, call option, right of first refusal,
preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right under any provision of
the Parent's or Merger Sub's charter or bylaws or any agreement to which the
Parent or
23
<PAGE>
Merger Sub is a party or is otherwise bound. There are no obligations,
contingent or otherwise, of the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries to repurchase,
redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of the Parent Common Stock or other
capital stock of the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries. Each of the outstanding
shares of capital stock or other securities of each of Merger Sub is duly
authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and owned by Parent or
a direct or indirect wholly-owned Subsidiary of Parent, free and clear of any
lien, pledge, security interest, claim or other encumbrance. Except as set forth
above, there are no preemptive or other outstanding rights, options, warrants,
conversion rights, stock appreciation rights, redemption rights, repurchase
rights, agreements, arrangements or commitments to issue or to sell any shares
of capital stock or other securities of Parent or Merger Sub or any securities
or obligations convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for, or giving
any Person a right to subscribe for or acquire, any securities of Parent or
Merger Sub, and no securities or obligations evidencing such rights are
authorized, issued or outstanding. Parent does not have outstanding any bonds,
debentures, notes or other obligations the holders of which have the right to
vote (or convertible into or exercisable for securities having the right to
vote) with the stockholders of Parent on any matter ("Parent Voting Debt"). To
------------------
the knowledge of the executive officers of Parent, other than the Parent
Stockholder Agreement to be delivered by John R. Bertucci, Claire R. Bertucci
and certain Bertucci family trusts, there are no agreements or understandings
with respect to the voting (including voting trusts and proxies) or sale or
transfer (including agreements imposing transfer restrictions) of any shares of
capital stock of the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries.
6.5. Corporate Authority: Approval and Fairness.
------------------------------------------
(a) Each of Parent and Merger Sub has all requisite corporate power
and authority and has taken all corporate action necessary in order to execute,
deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement, and to consummate,
subject only to approval by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares
of Parent Common Stock of the issuance of Parent Common Stock pursuant to
Section 4 hereof (the "Parent Requisite Vote"), the Merger and the transactions
---------------------
contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by
Parent and Merger Sub and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery of
this Agreement by the Company, is a valid and legally binding agreement of
Parent and Merger Sub, enforceable against each of Parent and Merger Sub in
accordance with its terms, subject to the Bankruptcy and Equity Exception. The
Parent Common Stock, when issued, will be registered under the Securities Act
and registered or exempt from registration under any applicable state securities
or "blue sky" laws.
(b) The Board of Directors of each of the Parent and the Merger Sub
has approved this Agreement and adopted the Plan set forth in this Agreement.
The Board of Directors of Parent has received the opinion of its financial
advisors, Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, to the effect
that the Merger Consideration to be issued by Parent is fair, from a financial
point of view, to Parent.
6.6. Governmental Filings; No Violations.
-----------------------------------
24
<PAGE>
(a) Except with respect to Environmental Laws, which are
specifically addressed in Section 6.13, other than the filings and/or notices
(A) pursuant to Section 1.3, (B) under the HSR Act, the Securities Act and the
Exchange Act, (C) to comply with state securities or "blue sky" laws and (D)
required to be made with the The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc., no notices, reports
or other filings are required to be made by Parent or Merger Sub with, nor are
any consents, registrations, approvals, permits or authorizations required to be
obtained by Parent or Merger Sub from, any Governmental Entity, in connection
with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Parent and Merger Sub and
the consummation by Parent and Merger Sub of the Merger and the other
transactions contemplated hereby.
(b) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by
Parent and Merger Sub do not, and the consummation by Parent and Merger Sub of
the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby will not, constitute
or result in (A) a breach or violation of, or a default under, either the
articles of organization or bylaws of Parent, the certificate of incorporation
or bylaws of Merger Sub or the comparable governing instruments of any of
Parent's Subsidiaries, (B) a breach or violation of, or a default under, the
acceleration of any obligations or the creation of a lien, pledge, security
interest or other encumbrance on the assets of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries
(with or without notice, lapse of time or both) pursuant to, any Contracts
binding upon Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or any Law or governmental or
non-governmental permit, license, judgment, injunction, order, decree, statute,
law, ordinance, rule or regulation to which Parent or any of its Subsidiaries is
subject or (C) any change in the rights or obligations of any party under any of
the Contracts, except, in the case of clause (B) above, for any breach,
violation, default, acceleration, creation or change that would not have a
Parent Material Adverse Effect or prevent, materially delay or materially impair
the ability of Parent or Merger Sub to consummate the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement.
6.7. Parent Reports; Financial Statements.
------------------------------------
Parent has made, or, as appropriate, will make, available to the
Company each registration statement, report, proxy statement or information
statement filed by it since December 31, 1999 (the "Parent Audit Date") and
-----------------
prior to the Effective Time, including (i) Parent's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999, (ii) Parent's Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2000 and June 30, 2000,
(iii) Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2000, (iv) Registration Statement
on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2000, and (v) Registration
Statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on April 10, 2000 and amendments
thereto, each in the form (including exhibits, annexes and any amendments
thereto) filed with the SEC (collectively, including amendments of any such
reports as amended, the "Parent Reports"). The Parent Reports (i) were or will
--------------
be filed on a timely basis, (ii) were or will be prepared in compliance in all
material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the
Exchange Act, as the case may be, and the rules and regulations of the SEC
thereunder applicable to such Parent Reports, and (iii) did not or will not at
the time they were or are filed contain any untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such Parent Reports or
necessary in order to make the statements in such Parent Reports, in the
25
<PAGE>
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No
Subsidiary of the Parent is required to file any forms, reports or other
documents with the SEC. Each of the consolidated balance sheets included in or
incorporated by reference into the Parent Reports (including the related notes
and schedules) fairly presents the consolidated financial position of Parent and
its Subsidiaries as of its date and each of the consolidated statements of
income and of changes in financial positions included in or incorporated by
reference into the Parent Reports (including any related notes and schedules)
fairly presents the consolidated results of operations and cash flows, as the
case may be, of Parent and its Subsidiaries for the periods set forth therein
(subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to the absence of notes and
normal year-end audit adjustments, which will not be material), in each case in
accordance with GAAP consistently applied during the periods involved, except as
may be noted therein.
6.8. Absence of Certain Changes.
--------------------------
Except as disclosed in the Parent Reports or as set forth on Section
6.8 of the Parent Disclosure Letter, since the Parent Audit Date and through the
date hereof, Parent and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole have conducted their
business only in, and have not engaged in any material transaction other than
according to, the ordinary and usual course of such business and there has not
been (i) any change in the financial condition, properties, business, results of
operations or prospects of Parent and its Subsidiaries that has had, or is
reasonably likely to have, a Parent Material Adverse Effect; (ii) any material
damage, destruction or other casualty loss with respect to any material asset or
material property owned, leased or otherwise used by Parent or any of its
Subsidiaries, not covered by insurance; (iii) any change by Parent in accounting
principles, practices or methods which is not required or permitted by GAAP; or
(iv) any declaration, setting aside or payment of any dividend or other
distribution in respect of the capital stock of Parent, except for dividends or
other distributions on its capital stock publicly announced prior to the date
hereof or in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice.
6.9. Litigation.
----------
Except with respect to Environmental Laws, which are specifically
addressed in Section 6.13, and except as disclosed in the Parent Reports, there
are no civil, criminal or administrative actions, suits, claims, hearings,
investigations or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the executive
officers of the Parent, threatened against or affecting the Parent or any of its
Subsidiaries, except for those that would not have a Parent Material Adverse
Effect or prevent or materially burden or materially impair the ability of the
Parent or Merger Sub to consummate the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement, nor any judgment, decree, injunction, rule or rules of any
Governmental Entity pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of
the Parent, threatened against or affecting the Parent or any of its
Subsidiaries, except for those that would not have a Parent Material Adverse
Effect or prevent or materially burden or materially impair the ability of the
Parent or Merger Sub to consummate the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. There are no judgments, orders or decrees outstanding against the
Parent which, individually or in the aggregate, have had or are reasonably
likely to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
26
<PAGE>
6.10. Compliance with Laws.
--------------------
The business of Parent and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole is not
being conducted in violation of any Laws, except for violations that would not
have a Parent Material Adverse Effect or prevent or materially burden or
materially impair the ability of Parent to consummate the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement. No investigation or review by any Governmental
Entity with respect to Parent or any of its Subsidiaries is pending or, to the
knowledge of the executive officers of Parent, threatened, nor has any
Governmental Entity indicated an intention to conduct the same, except for those
the outcome of which would not have a Parent Material Adverse Effect or prevent
or materially burden or materially impair the ability of Parent to consummate
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Parent and its Subsidiaries
each has all Permits from Governmental Entities necessary to conduct its
business as presently conducted, except for those the absence of which would not
have a Parent Material Adverse Effect or prevent or materially burden or
materially impair the ability of Parent or Merger Sub to consummate the Merger
and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Parent and its
Subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of the Permits, except where the
failure to so comply, individually or in the aggregate, is not reasonably likely
to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect. No Permit will cease to be effective
as a result of the consummation of transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
except where the cessation of effectiveness, individually or in the aggregate,
will not have a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
6.11. Required Vote.
-------------
The Parent shareholders approval, being the affirmative vote of a
majority of the Parent Common Stock entitled to vote, is the only vote of the
holders of any class or series of the securities of Parent necessary to approve
this Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby.
6.12. No Owned Real Properties.
-------------------------
Except as disclosed in the Parent Reports, the Parent and its
Subsidiaries do not own any real property.
27
<PAGE>
6.13. Environmental Matters.
---------------------
Except as disclosed in the Parent Reports and except for such matters
that would not have a Parent Material Adverse Effect, Parent and its
Subsidiaries: (i) are in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws; (ii)
have not received any notice from any Governmental Entity or any third party
alleging any violation of, or liability under, any applicable Environmental
Laws; (iii) are not subject to any court order, administrative order or decree
arising under any Environmental Law; (iv) to the knowledge of the executive
officers of Parent do not own or operate any property that has been contaminated
with any Hazardous Substance; and (v) are not subject to any claims, demands or
notifications concerning liability for any Hazardous Substance disposal or
contamination.
6.14. Accounting and Tax Qualification Matters.
----------------------------------------
As of or prior to the date hereof, neither Parent nor any of its
Affiliates has taken or agreed to take any action, nor do the executive officers
of Parent have any knowledge of any fact or circumstance, that would prevent
Parent from accounting for the business combination to be effected by the Merger
as a "pooling-of-interests" or prevent the Merger from qualifying as a
"reorganization" within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. It is the
present plan and intention of Parent to (a) cause the Company to continue at
least one significant historic business line, or to use a significant portion of
the Company's historic business assets in a business, in each case within the
meaning of Treasury Regulation 1.368-1(d) promulgated under the Internal Revenue
Code and (b) maintain the Company as a separate subsidiary which is directly
owned by the Parent and not to liquidate the Company or merge the Company with
any other entity; provided, however, Parent may cause the Company to be merged
into Parent.
6.15. Taxes.
-----
Parent and each of its Subsidiaries (i) have duly and timely filed
(taking into account any extension of time within which to file) all Tax Returns
required to be filed by any of them and all such filed Tax Returns are complete
and accurate in all respects, (ii) have paid all Taxes owed by the Parent and
each of its Subsidiaries (whether or not shown on any Tax Return) that are shown
as due on such filed Tax Returns or that Parent or any of its Subsidiaries are
obligated to withhold from amounts owing to any employee, creditor or third
party, except with respect to matters contested in good faith, and (iii) have
not waived any statute of limitations with respect to Taxes or agreed to any
extension of time with respect to a Tax assessment or deficiency, except, in
each case, for those failures to file or pay or those waivers that would not
have a Parent Material Adverse Effect. As of the date hereof, there are not
pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of Parent, threatened in
writing, any audits, examinations, investigations or other proceedings in
respect of Taxes or Tax matters.
6.16. Labor Matters.
-------------
Neither the Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or
otherwise bound by any collective bargaining agreement, contract or other
agreement or understanding with a labor
28
<PAGE>
union or labor organization. Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries is the
subject of any proceeding asserting that Parent or any of its Subsidiaries has
committed an unfair labor practice nor is there pending or, to the knowledge of
the executive officers of Parent, threatened, nor since January 1, 1998 has
there been any labor strike, dispute, walk-out, work stoppage, slow-down or
lockout involving Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, except for those that would
not have a Parent Material Adverse Effect or prevent or materially burden or
materially impair the ability of Parent to consummate the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement.
6.17. Intellectual Property.
---------------------
(a) Parent and/or one or more of its Subsidiaries owns, or is
licensed or otherwise possesses valid rights to use, all patents, trademarks,
trade names, service marks, domain names, copyrights, and any applications
therefor, technology, know-how, computer software programs or applications, and
tangible or intangible proprietary information or materials that are used in the
business of Parent and its Subsidiaries as conducted as of the date hereof,
except for any such failures to own, be licensed or possess that would not have
a Parent Material Adverse Effect, and to the knowledge of the executive officers
of Parent all patents, trademarks, trade names, service marks and copyrights
owned by Parent and/or its Subsidiaries are valid and subsisting, except for
those the invalidity of which would not have a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Except as disclosed in Parent Reports or except as would not have
a Parent Material Adverse Effect:
(i) Parent is not, nor will it be as a result of the
execution and delivery of this Agreement or the performance of its obligations
hereunder, in violation of any licenses, sublicenses and other agreements as to
which Parent is a party as of the date hereof and pursuant to which Parent is
authorized to use any third-party patents, trademarks, service marks, domain
names, copyrights, trade secrets or computer software (collectively, "Parent
------
Third-Party Intellectual Property Rights");
----------------------------------------
(ii) no claims with respect to (a) the patents,
registered and material unregistered trademarks and service marks, domain names,
registered copyrights, trade names, and any applications therefor, trade secrets
or computer software owned by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries (collectively,
the "Parent Intellectual Property Rights") or (b) Parent Third-Party
-----------------------------------
Intellectual Property Rights are currently pending or, to the knowledge of the
executive officers of Parent, are threatened by any Person;
(iii) to the knowledge of the executive officers of
Parent there are not any valid grounds for any bona fide claims (a) to the
effect that the sale, licensing or use of any product or service as used, sold
or licensed by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, infringes on any copyright,
patent, trademark, service mark, domain names or trade secret; (b) against the
use by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries of any Parent Intellectual Property
Rights or Parent Third-Party Intellectual Property Rights used in the business
of Parent or any of its
29
<PAGE>
Subsidiaries as currently conducted ; (c) challenging the ownership, validity or
enforceability of any of the Parent Intellectual Property Rights; or (d)
challenging the license or legally enforceable right to use of the Parent Third-
Party Intellectual Rights by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries; and
(iv) to the knowledge of the executive officers of
Parent, there is no unauthorized use, infringement or misappropriation of any of
the material Parent Intellectual Property Rights by any third party, including
any employee or former employee of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries.
(v) The Parent and its Subsidiaries have taken
reasonable measures to protect the proprietary nature of the Parent Intellectual
Property Rights that are material to the business of the Parent and its
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and to maintain in confidence all trade secrets
and confidential information owned or used by the Parent or any of its
Subsidiaries and that are material to the business of the Parent and its
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
6.18. Brokers and Finders.
-------------------
Except for Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, neither Parent
nor any of its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees has employed any
broker or finder or incurred any liability for any brokerage fees, commissions
or finders' fees in connection with the Merger or the other transactions
contemplated by this Agreement. The Parent shall pay the fees and expenses of
Merrill Lynch and Company. Section 6.18 of the Parent Disclosure Letter sets
forth the estimated fees and expenses of Merrill Lynch and Company incurred and
to be incurred by the Parent and any of its Subsidiaries in connection with this
Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
6.19. Board Recommendation.
--------------------
The Parent Board, at a meeting duly called and held, has by a
unanimous vote, (i) determined and declared that this Agreement and the
transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, are advisable and fair
to and in the best interests of Parent and the shareholders of Parent and (ii)
resolved to recommend that the holders of Parent Common Stock approve the
issuance of Parent Common Stock pursuant to the Merger. John R. Bertucci, Claire
R. Bertucci and certain Bertucci family trusts, simultaneously with the
execution of this Agreement, have executed the Parent Stockholder Agreement, in
the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-2 (the "Parent Stockholder Agreement"),
----------------------------
agreeing to vote all shares of Parent Common Stock owned by them in favor of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
6.20. Assets.
------
Each of the Parent and its Subsidiaries owns or leases all tangible
assets necessary for the conduct of its businesses as presently conducted and as
presently proposed to be conducted. All of such tangible assets which are owned,
are owned free and clear of all
30
<PAGE>
Liens except for (i) Liens which are disclosed in the Parent Reports filed prior
to the date of this Agreement and (ii) other Liens which, individually and in
the aggregate, do not materially interfere with the ability of the Parent and
its Subsidiaries to conduct their business as currently conducted and as
presently proposed to be conducted and have not resulted in, and are not
reasonably likely to result in, a Parent Material Adverse Effect. The tangible
assets of the Parent and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, are free from
material defects, have been maintained in accordance with normal industry
practice, are in good operating condition and repair (subject to normal wear and
tear) and are suitable for the purpose for which they are presently used.
6.21. Customers and Suppliers.
-----------------------
No customer of the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries that
represented 5% or more of the Parent's consolidated revenues in the fiscal year
ended December 31, 1999 has indicated to the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries
that it will stop, or decrease the rate of, buying materials, products or
services from the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries. No supplier of the Parent
or any of its Subsidiaries has indicated to the Parent or any of its
Subsidiaries that it will stop, or decrease the rate of, supplying materials,
products or services to them, which cessation or decrease, individually or in
the aggregate, is reasonably likely to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
6.22. Business Activity Restrictions.
------------------------------
There is no non-competition or other similar agreement, commitment,
judgment, injunction or order to which the Parent or any Subsidiary of the
Parent is a party or subject to that has or could reasonably be expected to have
the effect of prohibiting or impairing the conduct of the business by the Parent
in any material respect. The Parent has not entered into any agreement under
which it is restricted in any material respect from selling, licensing or
otherwise distributing any of its technology or products, or providing services
to, customers or potential customers or any class of customers, in any
geographic area, during any period of time or any segment of the market or line
of business.
6.23. Disclosure.
----------
No representation or warranty by Parent and/or Merger Sub in this
Agreement, nor any statement, certificate, schedule, document or exhibit hereto
furnished or to be furnished by or on behalf of Parent and/or Merger Sub
pursuant to this Agreement or in connection with transactions contemplated
hereby, contains or shall contain any untrue statement of material fact or omits
or shall omit a material fact necessary to make the statements contained herein
or therein not misleading.
6.24. No Other Representations or Warranties
--------------------------------------
Except for the representations and warranties contained in this
Section 6, neither Parent or Merger Sub nor any other Person makes any other
express or implied representation or warranty on behalf of Parent, Merger Sub or
any of their respective Affiliates.
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<PAGE>
7. COVENANTS
7.1. Interim Covenants.
-----------------
(a) Interim Operations of the Company. From the date hereof through the
---------------------------------
Effective Time, the Company covenants and agrees that its business and the
business of its Subsidiaries shall be conducted in the ordinary and usual course
and, to the extent consistent therewith, it and its Subsidiaries shall use their
respective commercially reasonable efforts to preserve its business organization
intact and maintain its existing relations and goodwill with customers,
suppliers, distributors, creditors, lessors, employees and business associates.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company covenants and
agrees as to itself and its Subsidiaries that, from the date hereof and prior to
the Effective Time (unless Parent shall otherwise approve in writing, and except
as otherwise expressly contemplated by this Agreement or by Law):
(i) it shall not (A) issue, sell, pledge, dispose of or
encumber any capital stock owned by it in any of its Subsidiaries; (B) amend its
certificate of incorporation or bylaws or the comparable governing instruments
of any of its Subsidiaries; (C) split, combine or reclassify its outstanding
shares of capital stock; or (D) repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any
shares of its capital stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable
or exercisable for any shares of its capital stock, except in connection with
the Company Stock Plans, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to purchase or
otherwise acquire, any shares of its capital stock or any securities convertible
into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of its capital stock;
(ii) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall (A) issue,
sell, pledge, dispose of or encumber any shares of, or securities convertible
into or exchangeable or exercisable for, or options, warrants, calls,
commitments or rights of any kind to acquire, any shares of its capital stock of
any class or any Voting Debt or any other property or assets (other than Shares
issuable pursuant to Company Options outstanding on the date hereof under the
Company Stock Plans); (B) other than in the ordinary and usual course of
business, transfer, lease, license, guarantee, sell, mortgage, pledge, dispose
of or encumber any other property or assets (including capital stock of any of
its Subsidiaries); (C) incur or modify any indebtedness for borrowed money or
guarantee any such indebtedness of another Person; or (D) by any means, make any
acquisition of, or investment in, assets or stock (whether by way of merger,
consolidation, tender offer, share exchange or other activity) of any Person;
(iii) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall enter
into any transaction involving a merger, consolidation, reorganization, share
exchange, or similar transaction involving, or any purchase of any assets or any
securities of, it or any of its Subsidiaries;
(iv) it shall not adopt any stockholder rights plan or,
except as provided in Section 5.22, alter or further amend the Company Rights
Plan or the Company Rights;
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<PAGE>
(v) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall make
any capital expenditures or other expenditures with respect to property, plant
or equipment except pursuant to the capital expenditure budget set forth in
Section 7.1(a)(v) of the Company Disclosure Letter;
(vi) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall make
any changes in accounting methods, principles or practices, except insofar as
may have been required by a change in GAAP or, except as so required, change any
assumption underlying, or method of calculating, any bad debt, contingency or
other reserve;
(vii) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall (A)
pay, discharge, settle or satisfy any claims, liabilities or obligations
(whether absolute, accrued, asserted or unasserted, contingent or otherwise),
other than the payment, discharge or satisfaction, in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practice or in accordance with their terms as in
effect on the date of this Agreement, of claims, liabilities or obligations
reflected or reserved against in, or contemplated by, the most recent
consolidated financial statements (or the notes thereto) of the Company included
in the Company Reports filed prior to the date of this Agreement (to the extent
so reflected or reserved against) or incurred since the date of such financial
statements in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, or
(B) waive any material benefits of, modify in any adverse respect, fail to
enforce, or consent to any matter with respect to which its consent is required
under, any confidentiality, standstill or similar agreements to which the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party;
(viii) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall
except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, modify,
amend or terminate any material contract or agreement to which the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries is party, or knowingly waive, release or assign any
material rights or claims (including any write-off or other compromise of any
accounts receivable of the Company of any of its Subsidiaries);
(ix) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall
except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (A)
enter into any material contract or agreement relating to the distribution, sale
or marketing by third parties of the products, of, or products licensed by, the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (B) license any material intellectual
property rights to or from any third party;
(x) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall
except as required to comply with applicable law or agreements, plans or
arrangements existing on the date hereof, (A) adopt, enter into, terminate or
amend any employment, severance or similar agreement or benefit plan for the
benefit or welfare of any current or former director, officer, employee or
consultant or any collective bargaining agreement, (B) except as provided in
Section 7.1(a)(x) of the Company Disclosure Letter, increase in any material
respect the compensation or fringe benefits of, or pay any bonus to, any
director, officer, key employee or consultant, (C) accelerate the payment, right
to payment or vesting of any compensation or benefits, including any outstanding
options or restricted stock awards, (D) pay any material
33
<PAGE>
benefit not provided for as of the date of this Agreement under any benefit
plan, (E) grant any awards under any bonus, incentive, performance or other
compensation plan or arrangement or benefit plan (including the grant of stock
options, stock appreciation rights, stock based or stock related awards,
performance units or restricted stock, or the removal of existing restrictions
in any benefit plans or agreements or awards made thereunder); provided,
however, that the Company shall be permitted to grant options (with exercise
prices equal to the fair market value of the Company Common Stock on the
respective dates of grant) to purchase Shares under the Company Stock Plans in
the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, or (F) take any
action other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practice to fund or in any other way secure the payment of compensation or
benefits under any employee plan, agreement, contract or arrangement or benefit
plan;
(xi) it shall not make or rescind any Tax election,
settle or compromise any Tax liability or amend any Tax return;
(xii) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall
initiate, compromise or settle any material litigation or arbitration
proceeding;
(xiii) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall
fail to maintain insurance at levels substantially comparable to levels existing
as of the date of this Agreement;
(xiv) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall
fail to pay accounts payable and other obligations in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practice; or
(xv) authorize any of, or commit or agree, in writing
or otherwise, to take any of, the foregoing actions or any action which would
make any representation or warranty of the Company in this Agreement untrue or
incorrect in any material respect, or would materially impair or prevent the
occurrence of any the conditions contained in Section 7 hereof.
(b) Interim Operations of Parent. From the date hereof through the Effective
----------------------------
Time, Parent covenants and agrees that its business and the business of its
Subsidiaries shall be conducted in the ordinary and usual course and, to the
extent consistent therewith, it and its Subsidiaries shall use their respective
commercially reasonable efforts to preserve its business organization intact and
maintain its existing relations and goodwill with customers, suppliers,
distributors, creditors, lessors, employees and business associates. Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, Parent covenants and agrees as to
itself and its Subsidiaries that, from the date hereof and prior to the
Effective Time (unless the Company shall otherwise approve in writing, and
except as otherwise expressly contemplated by this Agreement or by Law):
(i) it shall not (w) issue or sell shares of Parent
Common Stock representing more than 20% of the outstanding Parent Common Stock;
(x) except as indicated on Section 7.1(b) to the Parent Disclosure Letter, amend
its articles of organization or bylaws or the comparable governing instruments
of any of its Subsidiaries; or (y)
34
<PAGE>
repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of its capital stock or any
securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of its
capital stock, except in connection with the Parent's existing stock plans, or
permit any of its Subsidiaries to purchase or otherwise acquire, any shares of
its capital stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or
exercisable for any shares of its capital stock; or
(ii) neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries will
authorize or enter into an agreement to do anything prohibited by the foregoing.
7.2. Acquisition Proposals.
---------------------
(a) From and after the date of this Agreement until the earlier of
the termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms or the Effective
Time, the Company and its Subsidiaries shall not, directly or indirectly,
through any officer, director, employee, financial advisor, representative or
agent (x) solicit, initiate, or encourage any inquiries or proposals that
constitute, or could reasonably be expected to lead to, a proposal or offer for
a merger, consolidation, business combination, sale of substantial assets,
tender offer, sale of shares of capital stock (excluding sales pursuant to
existing Compensation and Benefit Plans) or similar transaction involving the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, other than the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement (any of the foregoing inquiries or proposals being referred to in
this Agreement as an "Acquisition Proposal"), (y) engage in negotiations or
--------------------
discussions concerning, or provide any information to any person or entity
relating to, any Acquisition Proposal, or (z) agree to or recommend any
Acquisition Proposal; provided, however, that, if the Company has not breached
this Section 7.2, nothing contained in this Agreement shall prevent the Company
or its Board of Directors, prior to the adoption of this Agreement by the
shareholders of the Company, from:
(i) furnishing information to, or entering into
discussions or negotiations with, any person or entity in connection with an
unsolicited bona fide written Acquisition Proposal by such person or entity or
recommending an unsolicited bona fide written Acquisition Proposal to the
shareholders of the Company, if and only to the extent that:
(A) the Board of Directors of the Company believes in good
faith (after consultation with its financial advisor) that such Acquisition
Proposal is reasonably capable of being completed on the terms proposed and
would, if consummated, result in a transaction more favorable than the
transaction contemplated by this Agreement (any such more favorable Acquisition
Proposal being referred to in this Agreement as a "Superior Proposal") and the
-----------------
Company's Board of Directors determines in good faith after consultation with
outside legal counsel that such action is necessary for such Board of Directors
to fulfill its fiduciary duties,
(B) prior to furnishing such non-public information to, or
entering into discussions or negotiations with, such person or entity, such
Board of Directors receives from such person or entity an executed
confidentiality agreement with terms no less favorable to such party than those
contained in the Confidentiality Agreement, and
35
<PAGE>
(C) prior to recommending a Superior Proposal or
terminating this Agreement in respect thereof, the Company shall provide
the Parent with at least five business days' notice of its proposal to do
so, during which time the Parent may make, and in such event the Company
shall consider, a counterproposal to such Superior Proposal; or
(ii) complying with Rule 14d-9 and 14e-2 promulgated
under the Exchange Act with respect to an Acquisition Proposal; provided,
however, that neither the Company nor its Board of Directors, shall, except as
permitted by paragraph (i) of this section, propose to approve or recommend an
Acquisition Proposal.
(b) The Company will immediately cease any and all existing
activities, discussions or negotiations with any parties conducted heretofore of
the nature described in Section 7.2(a) and will use reasonable efforts to obtain
the return of any confidential information furnished to any such parties.
(c) The Company shall notify the Parent immediately (but in any
event, within one (1) business day) after receipt by the Company (or its
advisors) of any Acquisition Proposal or any request for nonpublic information
in connection with an Acquisition Proposal. Such notice shall be made orally and
in writing and shall indicate in reasonable detail the identify of the offer and
the terms and conditions of such proposal, inquiry or contact. The Company shall
continue to keep the Parent promptly informed of any change in the status of any
such discussions or negotiations and the terms being discussed or negotiated
(d) Nothing in this Section 7.2 shall (i) permit the Company to
terminate this Agreement (except as specifically provided in Section 9.3
hereof), or (ii) permit the Company to enter into any agreement with respect to
an Acquisition Proposal during the term of this Agreement (other than a
confidentiality agreement of the type referred to in Section 7.2(a) above).
(e) Without limiting the foregoing, it is understood that any
violation of the restrictions set forth in this Section 7.2 by any director or
officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any investment banker,
financial advisor, attorney, accountant or other representative of the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be a breach of this Section 7.2 by
the Company.
7.3. Information Supplied.
--------------------
(a) The Company and Parent each agrees, as to itself and its
Subsidiaries, that none of the information supplied or to be supplied by it or
its Subsidiaries for inclusion or incorporation by reference in (i) the
Registration Statement on Form S-4 to be filed with the SEC by Parent in
connection with the issuance of shares of Parent Common Stock in the Merger
(including the joint proxy statement and prospectus (the "Prospectus/Proxy
----------------
Statement") constituting a part thereof) (the "S-4 Registration Statement")
--------- --------------------------
will, at the time the S-4 Registration Statement becomes effective under the
Securities Act, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state any material fact required to be stated therein or
36
<PAGE>
necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading, and (ii) the Prospectus/Proxy Statement
and any amendment or supplement thereto will, at the date of mailing to
shareholders of Company and Parent and at the times of the meetings of
shareholders of the Company and Parent to be held in connection with the Merger,
contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading.
(b) As soon as practicable following the date of this Agreement,
Company and Parent shall prepare the Prospectus/Proxy Statement. Company shall,
in cooperation with Parent, file the Prospectus/Proxy Statement with the SEC as
its preliminary proxy statement and Parent shall, in cooperation with Company,
prepare and file with the SEC the Registration Statement, in which the
Prospectus/Proxy Statement will be included. Each of Company and Parent shall
use commercially reasonable efforts to have the Registration Statement declared
effective under the Securities Act as promptly as practicable after such filing
and to keep the Registration Statement effective as long as is necessary to
consummate the Merger. Parent and Company shall mail the Prospectus/Proxy
Statement to their respective stockholders as promptly as practicable after the
Registration Statement is declared effective under the Securities Act and, if
necessary, after the Prospectus/Proxy Statement shall have been so mailed,
promptly circulate supplemental or amended proxy material, and, if required in
connection therewith, resolicit proxies.
7.4. Shareholders' Meetings.
----------------------
The Company will take, in accordance with applicable law and its
certificate of incorporation and bylaws, all action necessary to convene a
meeting of holders of Shares (the "Shareholders' Meeting") as promptly as
---------------------
practicable after the S-4 Registration Statement is declared effective to
consider and vote upon the approval of this Agreement and such other matters as
may be appropriate. The Board of Directors of the Company shall recommend such
approval and shall take all lawful action reasonably necessary to solicit such
approval; provided, however, that the Company's adoption of this Agreement and
the recommendation of the Board of Directors of the Company may be withdrawn if
the Company terminates this Agreement pursuant to Section 9.3.
Parent will take, in accordance with applicable law and its articles
of organization and bylaws, all action necessary to convene a meeting of holders
of Parent Common Stock (the "Parent Stockholders' Meeting") as promptly as
----------------------------
practicable after the S-4 Registration Statement is declared effective to
consider and vote upon the approval of the issuance of Parent Common Stock
pursuant to this Agreement and such other matters as may be appropriate. The
Board of Directors of Parent shall recommend such approval and shall take all
lawful action reasonably necessary to solicit such approval.
7.5. Filings; Other Actions; Notification.
------------------------------------
37
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(a) Parent and the Company shall promptly, following the date hereof,
prepare and file with the SEC the Prospectus/Proxy Statement, and Parent shall
promptly, following the date hereof, prepare and file with the SEC the S-4
Registration Statement. Parent and the Company each shall use its commercially
reasonable efforts to have the S-4 Registration Statement declared effective
under the Securities Act as promptly as practicable after such filing, and as
soon as practicable thereafter mail the Prospectus/Proxy Statement to its
shareholders and, if necessary after the Prospectus/Proxy Statement is mailed,
promptly circulate amended supplemental proxy material, and, if required,
resolicit proxies. Parent shall also use its commercially reasonable efforts to
obtain prior to the effective date of the S-4 Registration Statement all
necessary state securities law or "blue sky" permits and approvals required in
connection with the Merger and to consummate the other transactions contemplated
by this Agreement and will pay all expenses incident thereto.
(b) The Company and Parent each shall use commercially reasonable
efforts to cause to be delivered to the other party and its directors a letter
of its independent auditors, dated (i) the date on which the S-4 Registration
Statement shall become effective and (ii) the Closing Date, and addressed to the
other party and its directors, in form and substance customary for "comfort"
letters delivered by independent public accountants in connection with
registration statements similar to the S-4 Registration Statement.
(c) The Company and Parent shall cooperate with each other and use
(and shall cause their respective Subsidiaries to use) their respective
commercially reasonable efforts to take or cause to be taken all actions, and do
or cause to be done all things, necessary, proper or advisable on its part under
this Agreement and applicable Laws to consummate and make effective the Merger
and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement as soon as
practicable, including preparing and filing as soon as practicable all
documentation to effect all necessary notices, reports and other filings and to
obtain as soon as practicable all consents, registrations, approvals, permits
and authorizations necessary or advisable to be obtained from any third party
and/or any Governmental Entity in order to consummate the Merger or any of the
other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Subject to applicable Laws
relating to the exchange of information, Parent and the Company shall have the
right to review in advance, and to the extent practicable each will consult the
other on, all the information relating to Parent or the Company, as the case may
be, and any of their respective Subsidiaries, that appear in any filing made
with, or written materials submitted to, any third party and/or any Governmental
Entity in connection with the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by
this Agreement. In exercising the foregoing right, each of the Company and
Parent shall act reasonably and as promptly as practicable.
(d) The Company and Parent each shall, upon request by the other,
furnish the other with all information concerning itself, its Subsidiaries,
directors, officers and stockholders and such other matters as may be reasonably
necessary or advisable in connection with the Prospectus/Proxy Statement, the S-
4 Registration Statement or any other statement, filing, notice or application
made by or on behalf of Parent, the Company or any of their respective
Subsidiaries to any third party and/or any Governmental Entity in connection
with the Merger and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
38
<PAGE>
(e) Subject to any confidentiality obligations and the preservation of
any attorney-client privilege, the Company and Parent each shall keep the other
apprised of the status of matters relating to completion of the transactions
contemplated hereby, including promptly furnishing the other with copies of
notices or other communications received by Parent or the Company, as the case
may be, or any of its Subsidiaries, from any third party and/or any Governmental
Entity with respect to the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by
this Agreement.
(f) Subject to the terms hereof, the Parent and the Company agree, and
shall cause each of their respective Subsidiaries, to cooperate and to use their
respective commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any government clearances
or approvals required for Closing under the HSR Act, the Sherman Act, as
amended, the Clayton Act, as amended, the Federal Trade Commission Act, as
amended, and any other federal, state or foreign law, or, regulation or decree
designed to prohibit, restrict or regulate actions for the purpose or effect of
monopolization or restraint of trade (collectively, "Antitrust Laws"), to
respond as promptly as practicable to any government requests for information
under any Antitrust Law and to contest and resist any action, including any
legislative, administrative or judicial action and to have vacated, lifted,
reversed or overturned any decree, judgment, injunction or other order (whether
temporary, preliminary or permanent) (an "Antitrust Order") that restricts,
prevents or prohibits the consummation of the Merger or any other transactions
contemplated by this Agreement under any Antitrust Law. Each of the Company and
Parent shall (i) give the other party prompt notice of the commencement or
threat of commencement of any legal proceeding by or before any Governmental
Entity with respect to the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated
by this Agreement, (ii) keep the other party informed as to the status of any
such legal proceeding or threat and (iii) promptly inform the other party of any
communication to or from the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice
or any other Governmental Entity regarding the Merger. Except as may be
prohibited by any Governmental Entity or by any Law, the Company and Parent will
consult and cooperate with one another, and will consider in good faith the
views of one another, in connection with any analysis, appearance, presentation,
memorandum, brief, argument, opinion or proposal made or submitted in connection
with any legal proceeding under or relating to the HSR Act or any other foreign,
federal or state antitrust or fair trade Laws. In addition, except as may be
prohibited by any Governmental Entity or by any Law, in connection with any
legal proceeding under or relating to the HSR Act or any other foreign, federal
or state antitrust or fair trade Law or any other similar legal proceeding, each
of the Company and Parent will permit authorized Representatives of the other
party to be present at each meeting or conference relating to any such legal
proceeding and to have access to and be consulted in connection with any
document, opinion or proposal made or submitted to any Governmental Entity in
connection with any such legal proceeding. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary in this Agreement, neither the Company, the Parent nor any of their
respective Subsidiaries shall be required to (x) divest any of their respective
businesses, product lines or assets, or to take or agree to take any other
action or agree to any limitation, that could reasonably be expected to have a
Parent Material Adverse Effect or (y) take any action under this Section if the
United States Department of Justice or the United States Federal Trade
Commission
39
<PAGE>
authorizes its staff to seek a preliminary injunction or restraining order to
enjoin consummation of the Merger.
7.6. Accounting.
----------
Both Parent and the Company agree not to knowingly take or cause to be
taken any action, whether before or after the Effective Time, that would
disqualify the Merger as a "pooling of interests" for accounting purposes
7.7. Access.
------
Upon reasonable notice, and except as may otherwise be required by
applicable Law, the Company and Parent each shall (and shall each cause its
Subsidiaries to) afford the other's officers, employees, counsel, accountants
and other authorized representatives ("Representatives") reasonable access,
---------------
during normal business hours throughout the period prior to the Effective Time,
to its properties, books, contracts and records and, during such period, each
shall (and each shall cause its Subsidiaries to) furnish promptly to the other
all information concerning its business, properties and personnel as may
reasonably be requested; provided, that no investigation pursuant to this
Section shall affect or be deemed to modify any representation or warranty made
by the Company, Parent or Merger Sub; and, provided, further, that the foregoing
shall not require the Company or Parent to permit any inspection, or to disclose
any information, that in the reasonable judgment of the Company or Parent, as
the case may be, would result in the disclosure of any trade secrets of third
parties or violate any of its obligations with respect to confidentiality if the
Company or Parent, as the case may be, shall have used reasonable efforts to
obtain the consent of such third party to such inspection or disclosure. All
requests for information made pursuant to this Section shall be directed to an
executive officer of the Company or Parent, as the case may be, or such Person
as may be designated by any of their respective executive officers, as the case
may be. All such information shall be governed by the terms of the
Confidentiality Agreement.
7.8. Affiliates.
----------
(a) At least ten (10) days prior to the date of the Shareholders'
Meeting, the Company shall deliver to Parent a list of names and addresses of
those Persons who the Company expects will be, as of thirty (30) days prior to
the Effective Time, "Affiliates" of the Company for the purposes of applicable
----------
interpretations regarding the pooling-of-interests method of accounting. There
shall be added to such list the names and addresses of any other Person
subsequently identified by the Company as a Person who may be deemed within
thirty (30) days prior to the Effective Time to be an affiliate of the Company
for the purposes described above. The Company shall exercise its commercially
reasonable efforts to deliver or cause to be delivered to Parent, prior to the
date of the Shareholders' Meeting, from each affiliate of the Company identified
in the foregoing list (as the same may be supplemented as aforesaid), a letter
dated as of the date of the Shareholders' Meeting substantially in the form
attached as Exhibit B-1 (the "Company Affiliates Letter").
-------------------------
40
<PAGE>
(b) At least ten (10) days prior to the date of the Parent
Stockholders' Meeting, Parent shall deliver to the Company a list of names and
addresses of those Persons who Parent expects will be, as of thirty (30) days
prior to the Effective Time, "affiliates" of Parent for the purposes of
applicable interpretations regarding the "pooling-of-interests" method of
accounting. There shall be added to such list the names and addresses of any
other Person as being a Person who may be deemed within thirty (30) days prior
to the Effective Time to be such an affiliate of Parent for the purposes
described above. Parent shall exercise its commercially reasonable efforts to
deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, prior to the date of the Parent
Stockholders' Meeting, from each of such affiliates of Parent identified in the
foregoing list (as the same may be supplemented as aforesaid), a letter dated as
of the Closing Date substantially in the form attached as Exhibit B-2 (the
"Parent Affiliates Letter").
------------------------
7.9. Stock Exchange Listing and De-listing.
-------------------------------------
Parent shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the
shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued in the Merger to be approved for
listing on the Nasdaq National Market prior to the Closing Date. The Surviving
Corporation shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Shares to
be removed from quotation on the Nasdaq National Market and de-registered under
the Exchange Act as soon as practicable following the Effective Time.
7.10. Publicity.
---------
The initial press release with respect to the Merger shall be a joint
press release and thereafter the Company and Parent each shall consult with the
other prior to issuing any press releases or otherwise making public
announcements with respect to the Merger and the other transactions contemplated
by this Agreement and prior to making any filings with any third party and/or
any Governmental Entity (including any national securities exchange or national
market systems) with respect thereto, except as may be required by law or by
obligations pursuant to any listing agreement with or rules of any national
securities exchange or national market system.
7.11. Stock Options; Election of Directors.
------------------------------------
(a) Stock Options.
-------------
(i) Each Company Option under the Company Stock
Plans shall, at the Effective Time, in accordance with the terms of the Company
Stock Plans pursuant to which such Company Options were issued, be deemed to
constitute options to acquire, on the same terms and conditions as were
applicable under such Company Options immediately prior to the Effective Time, a
number of shares of Parent Common Stock equal to the product (rounded down to
the nearest whole number) obtained by multiplying (x) the number equal to the
number of Shares the holder of each such Company Option would have been entitled
to receive immediately prior to the Effective Time had such holder exercised
such Company Option in full (assuming for such purposes that such Company Option
was fully exercisable at such time) immediately prior to the Effective Time and
(y) the Exchange Ratio,
41
<PAGE>
at a price per share of Parent Common Stock (rounded up to the nearest whole
cent) equal to (A) the aggregate exercise price for the Shares otherwise
purchasable pursuant to each such Company Option (assuming for such purposes
that such Company Option was fully exercisable at such time) divided by (B) the
number of full shares of Parent Common Stock deemed purchasable pursuant to each
such Company Option in accordance with the foregoing; provided, however, the
term, exercisability, vesting schedule, status as an "incentive stock option"
under Section 422 of the Code, if applicable, and all of the other terms of the
Options shall otherwise remain unchanged, and any such adjustment for a Company
option intended to be an incentive stock option shall comply with Section 422 of
the Code.
(ii) At or prior to the Effective Time, the Company shall
make all necessary arrangements with respect to the Company Stock Plans to
permit the assumption of the Company Options by Parent. Effective at the
Effective Time, Parent shall assume each Company Option in accordance with the
terms of the Stock Plans under which it was issued and the stock option
agreement by which it is evidenced. At or prior to the Effective Time, Parent
shall take all corporate action necessary to reserve for issuance a sufficient
number of shares of Parent Common Stock for delivery upon exercise of Company
Options. As soon as practicable after the Effective Time, Parent shall file a
registration statement on Form S-8, or, if unavailable, a registration statement
on Form S-3 (or any successor forms), or another appropriate form with respect
to the Parent Common Stock subject to Company Options, and shall use its
commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become
and remain effective (and maintain the current status of the prospectus or
prospectuses contained therein), as well as comply with any applicable state
securities or "blue sky" laws, for so long as any Company Options remain
outstanding.
(iii) Prior to the Effective Time, the Board of Directors of
Parent shall take all actions necessary to ensure that the options to purchase
Parent Common Stock (resulting from Company Options) held by the officers and
directors of the Company in accordance with this Section 7.11(a) shall be exempt
for purposes of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act.
(b) Election to Parent's Board of Directors. At the Effective Time of
---------------------------------------
the Merger, Parent shall increase the size of its Board of Directors to seven
members and cause (i) Robert R. Anderson to be appointed to the Board of
Directors of Parent as a member of the class of directors whose terms will
expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2002, and (ii) Hans-
Jochen Kahl to be appointed to the Board of Directors of Parent as a member of
the class of directors whose terms will expire at the annual meeting of
stockholders to be held in 2003.
7.12. Expenses.
--------
Parent shall pay all charges and expenses, including those of the
Exchange Agent, in connection with the transactions contemplated in Section 4.
Except as otherwise provided in this Section 7.12 and Section 9.6, whether or
not the Merger is consummated, all
42
<PAGE>
costs and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the Merger and
the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be paid by the party
incurring such expense.
7.13. Indemnification; Directors' and Officers' Insurance.
---------------------------------------------------
(a) The Certificate shall contain the provisions with respect to
indemnification set forth in Article VII of the bylaws of the Company on the
date of this Agreement and shall provide for indemnification to the fullest
extent permitted by and in accordance with the DGCL, which provisions shall not
be amended, repealed or otherwise modified for a period of six years after the
Effective Time (or, in the case of matters known prior to the Effective Time
which have not been resolved prior to the sixth anniversary of the Effective
Time, until such matters are finally resolved) in any manner that would
adversely affect the rights thereunder of individuals who at any time prior to
the Effective Time were directors or officers of the Company in respect of
actions or omissions occurring at or prior to the Effective Time (including,
without limitation, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement).
(b) Following the Effective Time, Parent shall indemnify and hold
harmless, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law (and Parent shall
also advance expenses as incurred to the fullest extent permitted under
applicable law), each present and former director and officer of the Company and
its Subsidiaries (collectively, the "Indemnified Parties") against any costs or
-------------------
expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages
or liabilities (collectively, "Costs") reasonably incurred in connection with
-----
any claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative, arising out of or pertaining to matters
existing or occurring at or prior to the Effective Time, including the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(c) Any Indemnified Party wishing to claim indemnification under
paragraph (b) of this Section 7.13, upon receiving written notification of any
such claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation, shall promptly notify
Parent thereof, but the failure to so notify shall not relieve Parent of any
liability it may have to such Indemnified Party to the extent that such failure
does not prejudice Parent. In the event of any such claim, action, suit,
proceeding or investigation (whether arising before or after the Effective
Time), (i) Parent shall have the right within ten (10) days following the
notification of Parent by the Indemnified Person of such claim, action, suit,
proceeding or investigation to assume the defense thereof (with counsel of its
selection, which may be regular corporate counsel to Parent) and Parent shall
not be liable to such Indemnified Parties for any legal expenses of other
counsel subsequently incurred by such Indemnified Parties in connection with the
defense thereof, except that if Parent elects not to assume such defense, or
representation of the Indemnified Parties by counsel selected by Parent would
pose a conflict of interest, the Indemnified Parties may retain counsel
satisfactory to them, and Parent shall pay all reasonable fees and expenses of
such counsel for the Indemnified Parties. If such indemnity is not available
with respect to any Indemnified Party, then Parent and the Indemnified Party
shall contribute to the amount payable in such proportion as is appropriate to
reflect the relative faults and benefits of the Surviving Corporation (in the
case of Parent) and the Indemnified Parties. No settlements shall be made on
behalf of an Indemnified Party without such Indemnified Party's consent unless
43
<PAGE>
such settlement provide for a full release of such Indemnified Party. No
Indemnified Party may enter into any settlement without the prior written
consent of the Parent.
(d) The Surviving Corporation shall maintain the Company's existing
officers' and directors' liability insurance ("D&O Insurance") for a period of
-------------
six years after the Effective Time so long as the annual premium therefor is not
in excess of 200% of the last annual premium paid prior to the date hereof (the
"Current Premium"); provided, however, that if the existing D&O Insurance is
---------------
terminated or cancelled during such six-year period, the Surviving Corporation
shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain as much D&O Insurance as can
be obtained for the remainder of such period for a premium not in excess (on an
annualized basis) of 200% of the Current Premium and shall agree to indemnify
the directors and officers for any Costs not covered by such D&O Insurance.
(e) The provisions of this Section are intended to be for the benefit
of, and shall be enforceable by, each of the Indemnified Parties, their heirs
and their representatives and shall be in addition to any other rights to
indemnification (e.g. any assumed indemnification obligations).
7.14. Takeover Statute.
----------------
If any Takeover Statute is or may become applicable to the Merger or
the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, each of Parent and the
Company and their respective Board of Directors shall grant such approvals and
take such actions as are reasonably necessary so that such transactions may be
consummated as promptly as practicable on the terms contemplated by this
Agreement or by the Merger and otherwise act to eliminate or minimize the
effect's of such statute or regulation on such transactions.
7.15. Parent Vote.
-----------
Parent shall vote (or consent with respect to) or cause to be voted
(or a consent to be given with respect to) any Shares and any shares of common
stock of Merger Sub beneficially owned by it or any of its Affiliates or with
respect to which it or any of its Affiliates has the power (by agreement, proxy
or otherwise) to cause to be voted (or to provide a consent), in favor of the
approval of this Agreement at the Shareholders' Meeting or any other meeting of
stockholders of the Company or Merger Sub, respectively, at which this Agreement
shall be submitted for approval and at all adjournments or postponements thereof
(or, if applicable, by any action of stockholders of either the Company or
Merger Sub by consent in lieu of a meeting).
7.16. "Pooling of Interests" Letters.
-------------------------------
Each of Parent and the Company shall use their respective commercially
reasonable efforts to obtain from their respective independent accountants the
"pooling of interests" letters described in Section 8.1(h).
7.17. Offers of Employment.
--------------------
44
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At the Effective Time, the Parent or Surviving Corporation shall offer
to employ all employees of the Company as of immediately prior to the Effective
Time on terms and conditions that are substantially the same as their terms and
conditions immediately prior to the Effective Time. Parent will give credit for
past services of such employees with the Company or its Affiliates for purposes
of eligibility, vesting and benefits levels to the extent permitted under the
Parent's employee benefits plans. The employees of the Company will be provided
with benefits under employee benefit plans that are not materially less
favorable in the aggregate than the Plans provided by the Parent to its
employees.
7.18. Stockholder Litigation.
----------------------
Until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement in accordance
with its terms or the Effective Time, the Company shall give the Parent the
opportunity to participate in the defense or settlement of any stockholder
litigation against the Company or its Board of Directors relating to this
Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and shall
not settle any such litigation without the Parent's prior written consent, which
will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
8. CONDITIONS
8.1. Conditions to Each Party's Obligation to Effect the Merger.
----------------------------------------------------------
The respective obligation of each party to effect the Merger is
subject to the satisfaction or waiver at or prior to the Effective Time of each
of the following conditions:
(a) Stockholder Approval. This Agreement shall have been duly
--------------------
approved by holders of Shares constituting the Company Requisite Vote and shall
have been duly approved by the sole stockholder of Merger Sub (prior to the
execution of this Agreement) in accordance with applicable law and the
certificate of incorporation or articles of organization and bylaws of each such
corporation (or other organizational documents of such corporation) and the
issuance of Parent Common Stock pursuant to this Agreement shall have been duly
approved by the holders of Parent Common Stock constituting the Parent Requisite
Vote in accordance with the Massachusetts Business Corporation Law.
(b) Nasdaq National Market Listing. The shares of Parent Common Stock
------------------------------
issuable to the stockholders of the Company pursuant to this Agreement shall
have been authorized for listing on the Nasdaq National Market.
(c) HSR. The waiting period applicable to the consummation of the
---
Merger under the HSR Act shall have expired or been earlier terminated.
(d) Other Regulatory Consents. Other than the filing provided for in
-------------------------
Section 1.3, the parties shall have made or filed all notices, reports or other
filings required to be made or filed with, and obtained all registrations,
approvals, permits or authorizations required to be obtained from or filed with,
any Governmental Entity as contemplated by Sections 5.4 and 6.6 ("Governmental
------------
Consents") which if not obtained or filed would be reasonably likely to have a
--------
45
<PAGE>
Parent Material Adverse Effect (assuming for this purpose that the Effective
Time had occurred, and, at such time, the Company is a Subsidiary of Parent).
(e) Litigation. No court or Governmental Entity of competent
----------
jurisdiction shall have enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any
statute, law, ordinance, rule, regulation, judgment, decree, injunction or other
order that is in effect and permanently enjoins or otherwise prohibits
consummation of the Merger (collectively, an "Order").
-----
(f) S-4. The S-4 Registration Statement shall have become effective
---
under the Securities Act. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the S-4
Registration Statement shall have been issued, and no proceedings for that
purpose shall have been initiated or be threatened, by the SEC.
(g) Blue Sky Approvals. Parent shall have received all state
------------------
securities and "blue sky" permits and approvals, if any, necessary to consummate
the transactions contemplated hereby.
(h) "Pooling of Interests" Letters. (i) Parent and the Company shall
-----------------------------
have each received a letter from PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent
accountants to Parent, dated as of the Closing Date and addressed to Parent and
the Company, stating that the acquisition of the Company by Parent will be
treated as a "pooling of interests" as described in Accounting Principles Board
Opinion No. 16 and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, and (ii) Parent
and the Company shall have received a letter from KPMG LLP, independent
accountants to the Company, dated as of the Closing Date and addressed to Parent
and the Company, stating that the Company is a pooling candidate for purposes of
the transactions contemplated hereby in conformity with GAAP as described in
Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 16 and applicable rules and regulations
of the SEC.
8.2. Conditions to Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub.
--------------------------------------------------
The obligations of Parent and Merger Sub to effect the Merger are also
subject to the satisfaction or waiver by Parent at or prior to the Effective
Time of the following conditions:
(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and
------------------------------
warranties of the Company set forth in this Agreement shall be true and correct
as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to
the extent any such representation or warranty expressly speaks as of an earlier
date), and Parent shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of the
Company by an executive officer of the Company to such effect; provided,
however, that notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Section (a)
shall be deemed to have been satisfied as to representations and warranties not
qualified by materiality or Company Material Adverse Effect even if such
representations or warranties are not so true and correct unless the failure of
such representations or warranties to be so true and correct would have a
Company Material Adverse Effect or would prevent, materially delay or materially
impair the ability of the Company to consummate the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement.
46
<PAGE>
(b) Performance of Obligations of the Company. The Company shall
-----------------------------------------
have performed in all material respects all material obligations required to be
performed by it under this Agreement at or prior to the Closing Date, and Parent
shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of the Company by an
executive officer the Company to such effect.
(c) Tax Opinion. Parent shall have received the opinion of Hale and
-----------
Dorr LLP, counsel to Parent, dated the Closing Date, to the effect that the
Merger will be treated for Federal income tax purposes as a reorganization
within the meaning of Section 368 (a) of the Code; provided that if Hale and
Dorr LLP does not render such opinion, this condition shall nonetheless be
deemed satisfied if Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. renders
such opinion to Parent (it being agreed that Parent and the Company shall each
provide reasonable cooperation, including making reasonable representations, to
Hale and Dorr LLP or Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C., as the
case may be, to enable them to render such opinion).
(d) No Company Material Adverse Effect. Between the date of this
----------------------------------
Agreement and the Effective Time, there shall not have occurred any Company
Material Adverse Effect, nor shall there have been any change, event or
condition that, with the passage of time, would reasonably be expected to result
in a Company Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Employment Agreement. The employment agreements between the
--------------------
Parent and each of those individuals listed on Schedule 8.2(e) of this Agreement
shall be in full force and effect.
(f) Resignations. The Parent shall have received written
------------
resignations, effective as of the Effective Time, of each officer and director
of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
8.3. Conditions to Obligations of the Company.
----------------------------------------
The obligation of the Company to effect the Merger is also subject to
the satisfaction or waiver by the Company at or prior to the Effective Time of
the following conditions:
(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and
------------------------------
warranties of Parent and Merger Sub set forth in this Agreement shall be true
and correct as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date,
(except to the extent any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as
of an earlier date) and the Company shall have received a certificate signed on
behalf of Parent by an executive officer of Parent and on behalf of Merger Sub
by an executive officer of Merger Sub in each case to such effect; provided,
however, that notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Section (a)
shall be deemed to have been satisfied as to representations and warranties not
qualified by materiality or Parent Material Adverse Effect even if such
representations or warranties are not so true and correct unless the failure of
such representations or warranties to be so true and correct would have a Parent
Material Adverse Effect or would prevent Parent from consummating the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
47
<PAGE>
(b) Performance of Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub. Each of
---------------------------------------------------
Parent and Merger Sub shall have performed in all material respects all material
obligations required to be performed by it under this Agreement at or prior to
the Closing Date, and the Company shall have received a certificate signed on
behalf of Parent and Merger Sub by an executive officer of Parent to such
effect.
(c) Tax Opinion. The Company shall have received the opinion of
-----------
Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C., counsel to the Company,
dated the Closing Date, to the effect that the Merger will be treated for
Federal income tax purposes as a reorganization within the meaning of Section
368 (a) of the Code; provided that if Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and
Popeo, P.C. does not render such opinion, this condition shall nonetheless be
deemed satisfied if Hale and Dorr LLP renders such opinion to the Company (it
being agreed that Parent and the Company shall each provide reasonable
cooperation, including making reasonable representations, to Mintz, Levin, Cohn,
Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. or Hale and Dorr LLP, as the case may be, to
enable them to render such opinion).
(d) No Parent Material Adverse Effect. Between the date of this
---------------------------------
Agreement and the Effective Time, there shall not have occurred any Parent
Material Adverse Effect, nor shall there have been any change, event or
condition that, with the passage of time, would reasonably be expected to result
in a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
9. TERMINATION
9.1 Termination by Mutual Consent.
-----------------------------
This Agreement may be terminated and the Merger may be abandoned at
any time prior to the Effective Time, whether before or after the approval by
stockholders of the Company and Parent, respectively, each referred to in
Section 7.1(a), by mutual written consent of the Company and Parent by action of
their respective Boards of Directors.
9.2 Termination by Either Parent or the Company.
-------------------------------------------
This Agreement may be terminated and the Merger may be abandoned at
any time prior to the Effective Time by action of the Board of Directors of
either Parent or the Company if (a) the Merger shall not have been consummated
by March 31, 2001, whether such date is before or after the date of receipt of
the Company Requisite Vote and/or the Parent Requisite Vote (the "Termination
-----------
Date"), (b) the approval of the Company's stockholders required by Section
----
8.1(a) shall not have been obtained at a meeting duly convened therefor or at
any adjournment or postponement thereof, (c) the approval of Parent's
stockholders as required by Section 8.1(a) shall not have been obtained at a
meeting duly convened therefor or at any postponement or adjournment thereof or
(d) any Order permanently restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting
consummation of the Merger shall become final and non-appealable after the
parties have used their respective commercially reasonable efforts to have such
Order removed, repealed or overturned (whether before or after the approval by
the stockholders of the Company); provided, that the right to terminate
48
<PAGE>
this Agreement shall not be available to any party that has breached in any
material respect its obligations under this Agreement in any manner that shall
have proximately contributed to the occurrence of the failure of the Merger to
be consummated.
9.3. Termination by the Company.
--------------------------
This Agreement may be terminated and the Merger may be abandoned at
any time prior to the Effective Time, whether before or after the approval by
stockholders of the Company referred to in Section 8.1(a), by action of the
Board of Directors of the Company if (a) there has been a material breach by
Parent or Merger Sub of any material covenant or agreement contained in this
Agreement that is not curable or, if curable, is not cured within thirty (30)
days after written notice of such breach is given by the Company to the party
committing such breach; (b) the Board of Directors of the Parent shall have
failed to recommend approval of the Merger in the Proxy Statement or shall have
withdrawn or modified its recommendation of the Merger; or (c) (i) the Company
after the date hereof has received an unsolicited Acquisition Proposal that its
Board of Directors has determined after consultation with its financial advisor
is a Superior Proposal, (ii) the Company has complied with all of the provisions
of Section 7.2(a)(i), (iii) the Board of Directors of the Company has determined
in good faith after consultation with its outside legal counsel that termination
of this Agreement is necessary for such Board of Directors to fulfill with its
fiduciary duties under applicable law, and (iv) the Company, contemporaneously
with, and as a condition to, its termination of this Agreement, pays to Parent
the fees and expenses provided for in Section 9.6.
9.4. Termination by Parent.
---------------------
This Agreement may be terminated and the Merger may be abandoned at
any time prior to the Effective Time by action of the Board of Directors of
Parent if (a) there has been a material breach by the Company of any material
covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement that is not curable or, if
curable, is not cured within thirty (30) days after written notice of such
breach is given by Parent to the party committing such breach; (b) the Board of
Directors of the Company shall have failed to recommend approval of the Merger
in the Proxy Statement or shall have withdrawn or modified its recommendation of
the Merger; (c) the Board of Directors of the Company shall have approved or
recommended to the stockholders of the Company an Alternative Transaction (as
defined in Section 9.6(d) below); (d) an Alternative Transaction shall have been
announced or otherwise publicly known and the Board of Directors of the Company
shall have (A) failed to recommend against acceptance of such Alternative
Transaction by its shareholders within ten (10) days of delivery of a written
request from the Parent for such action or (B) failed to reconfirm its approval
and recommendation of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby
within ten (10) days of delivery of a written request from the Parent for such
action or (e) a tender offer or exchange offer for 20% or more of the
outstanding Shares is commenced (other than by the Parent or an Affiliate of the
Parent) and the Board of Directors of the Company recommends that the
shareholders of the Company tender their shares in such tender or exchange offer
or,
49
<PAGE>
within ten (10) days after such tender or exchange offer, fails to recommend
against acceptance of such offer or takes no position with respect to the
acceptance thereof.
9.5. Effect of Termination and Abandonment.
-------------------------------------
In the event of termination of this Agreement and the abandonment of
the Merger pursuant to this Section 9 (other than as set forth in Section 9.6),
this Agreement shall become void and of no effect with no liability on the part
of any party hereto (or of any of its directors, officers, employees, agents,
legal and financial advisors or other representatives); provided, however, that
except as otherwise provided herein, no such termination shall relieve any party
hereto of any liability or damages resulting from any willful breach of this
Agreement.
9.6. Fees and Expenses.
-----------------
(a) The Company shall pay the Parent up to $500,000 as reimbursement
for expenses of the Parent actually incurred relating to the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement prior to termination (including, but not limited
to, fees and expenses of the Parent's counsel, accountants and financial
advisors, but excluding any discretionary fees paid to such financial advisors),
upon the termination of this Agreement (i) by the Parent pursuant to Section
9.2(a) as a result of the failure of the Company to satisfy the condition set
forth in Section 8.2(a); or (ii) by the Parent or the Company pursuant to
Section 9.2(b) under circumstances in which no fee is payable to Parent under
Section 9.6(b).
(b) The Company shall pay the Parent a termination fee of $9,075,000
upon the earliest to occur of the following events: (i) the termination of this
Agreement by the Parent pursuant to Section 9.4; (ii) the termination of this
Agreement by the Company pursuant to Section 9.3(c); or (iii) the termination of
this Agreement by either Parent or the Company pursuant to Section 9.2(b) if, at
or prior to such termination, a bona fide proposal for an Alternative
Transaction with respect to the Company shall have been publicly announced. Any
termination fee paid by the Company pursuant to this Section 9.6(b) shall be the
Parent's sole and exclusive remedy for any termination of this Agreement in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 9.6(b).
(c) If the Company fails to promptly pay to the Parent any expense
reimbursement or fee due hereunder, the defaulting party shall pay the costs and
expenses (including legal fees and expenses) in connection with any action,
including the filing of any lawsuit or other legal action, taken to collect
payment, together with interest on the amount of any unpaid fee at the publicly
announced prime rate of Fleet Bank, N.A. plus five percent per annum, compounded
quarterly, from the date such expense reimbursement or fee was required to be
paid.
(d) As used in this Agreement, "Alternative Transaction" means either
-----------------------
(i) a transaction pursuant to which any person (or group of persons) other than
the Parent or its affiliates (a "Third Party"), acquires more than 20% of the
-----------
outstanding Shares pursuant to a tender offer or exchange offer or otherwise,
(ii) a merger or other business combination
50
<PAGE>
involving the Company pursuant to which a Third Party acquires more than 20% of
the outstanding Shares or of the entity surviving such merger or business
combination, (iii) any other transaction pursuant to which any Third Party
acquires control of assets (including for this purpose the outstanding equity
securities of Subsidiaries of the Company, and the entity surviving any merger
or business combination including any of them) of the Company having a fair
market value equal to more than 20% of the fair market value of all the assets
of the Company immediately prior to such transaction, or (iv) any public
announcement by a Third Party of a proposal, plan or intention to do any of the
foregoing or any agreement to engage in any of the foregoing.
(e) The Parent shall pay the Company up to $500,000 as reimbursement
for expenses of the Company actually incurred relating to the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement prior to termination (including, but not limited
to, fees and expenses of the Company's counsel, accountants and financial
advisors, but excluding any discretionary fees paid to such financial advisors),
upon the termination of this Agreement (i) by the Company pursuant to Section
9.2(a) as a result of the failure of the Parent to satisfy the condition set
forth in Section 8.3(a), or (ii) by the Parent or the Company pursuant to
Section 9.2(c).
10. MISCELLANEOUS AND GENERAL
10.1 Survival.
--------
This Section 10 and the agreements of the Company, Parent and Merger
Sub contained in Sections 7.6 (Accounting), 7.9 (Stock Exchange Listing and De-
listing), 7.11 (Stock Options; Election of Directors), 7.12 (Expenses) and 7.13
(Indemnification; Directors' and Officers' Insurance) and 7.16 (Offers of
Employment) shall survive the consummation of the Merger. This Section 10, the
agreements of the Company, Parent and Merger Sub contained in Section 7.12
(Expenses), Section 9.5 (Effect of Termination and Abandonment) and the
Confidentiality Agreement and the Standstill Agreement (each as hereinafter
defined) shall survive the termination of this Agreement. All other
representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in this Agreement shall
not survive the consummation of the Merger or the termination of this Agreement.
10.2 Modification or Amendment.
-------------------------
Subject to the provisions of applicable Law, at any time prior to the
Effective Time, the parties hereto may modify or amend this Agreement, by
written agreement executed and delivered by duly authorized officers of the
respective parties.
10.3. Waiver of Conditions.
--------------------
The conditions to each of the parties' obligations to consummate the
Merger are for the sole benefit of such party and may be waived by such party in
whole or in part to the extent permitted by applicable law.
10.4. Counterparts.
------------
51
<PAGE>
This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each
such counterpart being deemed to be an original instrument, and all such
counterparts shall together constitute the same agreement.
10.5. Governing Law and Venue; Waiver of Jury Trial.
---------------------------------------------
THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE MADE IN AND IN ALL RESPECTS
SHALL BE INTERPRETED, CONSTRUED AND GOVERNED BY AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAW
OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICT OF LAW PRINCIPLES
THEREOF. The parties hereby irrevocably submit to the jurisdiction of the courts
of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the Federal courts of the United States
of America located in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts solely in respect of the
interpretation and enforcement of the provisions of this Agreement and of the
documents referred to in this Agreement, and in respect of the transactions
contemplated hereby, and hereby waive, and agree not to assert, as a defense in
any action, suit or proceeding for the interpretation or enforcement hereof or
of any such document, that it is not subject thereto or that such action, suit
or proceeding may not be brought or is not maintainable in said courts or that
the venue thereof may not be appropriate or that this Agreement or any such
document may not be enforced in or by such courts, and the parties hereto
irrevocably agree that all claims with respect to such action or proceeding
shall be heard and determined in such a Commonwealth of Massachusetts or Federal
court. The parties hereby consent to and grant any such court jurisdiction over
the person of such parties and over the subject matter of such dispute and agree
that mailing of process or other papers in connection with any such action or
proceeding in the manner provided in Section 10.6 or in such other manner as may
be permitted by law shall be valid and sufficient service thereof.
10.6. Notices.
-------
Any notice, request, instruction or other document to be given
hereunder by any party to the others shall be in writing and delivered
personally or sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, or by
facsimile:
52
<PAGE>
if to Parent or Merger Sub:
---------------------------
MKS Instruments, Inc.
Six Shattuck Road
Andover, Massachusetts 01810
Fax: (978) 975-3756
Attention: John R. Bertucci, Chairman and CEO
with a copy to
Hale and Dorr LLP
60 State Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
Attention: Mark G. Borden, Esq.
Fax: (617) 526-5000
if to the Company:
------------------
Applied Science and Technology, Inc.
90 Industrial Way
Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887
Fax: (978) 284-4442
Attention: Richard S. Post, Chairman and CEO
with a copy to:
Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris,
Glosky and Popeo, P.C.
One Financial Center
Boston, Massachusetts 02111
Attention: Neil H. Aronson, Esq.
Fax: (617) 542-2241
or to such other persons or addresses as may be designated in writing by the
party to receive such notice as provided above.
10.7. Entire Agreement: no other representations.
------------------------------------------
This Agreement including any exhibits hereto), the Company Disclosure
Letter, the Parent Disclosure Letter, the Confidentiality Agreement, dated
August 15, 2000, between Parent and Company (the "Confidentiality Agreement"),
-------------------------
and the Standstill Agreement, dated August 15, 2000 between Parent and Company
(the "Standstill Agreement") constitute the entire agreement, and supersede all
--------------------
other prior agreements, understandings, representations and warranties both
written and oral, among the parties, with respect to the subject matter hereof.
EACH PARTY HERETO AGREES THAT, EXCEPT FOR THE
53
<PAGE>
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES CONTAINED IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE CONFIDENTIALITY
AGREEMENT AND THE STANDSTILL AGREEMENT, NEITHER PARENT AND MERGER SUB NOR THE
COMPANY MAKES ANY OTHER REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, AND EACH HEREBY DISCLAIMS
ANY OTHER REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES MADE BY ITSELF OR ANY OF ITS OFFICERS,
DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, FINANCIAL AND LEGAL ADVISORS OR OTHER
REPRESENTATIVES, WITH RESPECT TO THE EXECUTION AND DELIVERY OF THIS AGREEMENT OR
THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, NOTWITHSTANDING THE DELIVERY OR DISCLOSURE
TO THE OTHER OR THE OTHER'S REPRESENTATIVES OF ANY DOCUMENTATION OR OTHER
INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO ANY ONE OR MORE OF THE FOREGOING.
10.8. No Third Party Beneficiaries.
----------------------------
Except as provided in Section 7.11 (Stock Options; Election of Director),
Section 7.13 (lndemnification; Directors' and Officers' Insurance), and Section
7.16 (Offers of Employment) this Agreement is not intended to confer upon any
Person other than the parties hereto any rights or remedies hereunder.
10.9. Obligations of Parent and of the Company.
----------------------------------------
Whenever this Agreement requires a Subsidiary of Parent to take any
action, such requirement shall be deemed to include an undertaking on the part
of Parent to cause such Subsidiary to take such action. Whenever this Agreement
requires a Subsidiary of the Company to take any action, such requirement shall
be deemed to include an undertaking on the part of the Company to cause such
Subsidiary to take such action and, after the Effective Time, on the part of the
Surviving Corporation to cause such Subsidiary to take such action.
10.10. Severability.
------------
The provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed severable and the
invalidity or unenforceability of any provision shall not affect the validity or
enforceability of the other provisions hereof. If any provision of this
Agreement, or the application thereof to any Person or any circumstance, is
invalid or unenforceable, (a) a suitable and equitable provision shall be
substituted therefor in order to carry out, so far as may be valid and
enforceable, the intent and purpose of such invalid or unenforceable provision
and (b) the remainder of this Agreement and the application of such provision to
other Persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such invalidity or
unenforceability, nor shall such invalidity or unenforceability affect the
validity or enforceability of such provision, or the application thereof, in any
other jurisdiction.
10.11. Interpretation.
--------------
The table of contents and headings herein are for convenience of
reference only, do not constitute part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed
to limit or otherwise affect any of the provisions hereof. Where a reference in
this Agreement is made to a Section or Exhibit, such reference shall be to a
Section of or Exhibit to this Agreement unless otherwise
54
<PAGE>
indicated. Whenever the words "include," "includes" or "including" are used in
this Agreement, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words "without
limitation."
10.12. Assignment.
----------
This Agreement shall not be assignable by operation of law or
otherwise.
10.13. Glossary of Terms.
-----------------
The following sets forth the location of definitions of capitalized
terms defined in the body of this Agreement:
"Acquisition Proposal" - Section 7.2(a)
--------------------
"Affiliates" - Section 7.8(a)
----------
"Alternative Transaction" - Section 9.6(d)
-----------------------
"Antitrust Laws" - Section 7.5(e)
--------------
"Antitrust Order" - Section 7.5(e)
---------------
"Audit Date" - Section 5.5
----------
"Bankruptcy and Equity Exception" - Section 5.3(a)
-------------------------------
"Bylaws" - Section 2.2
------
"Certificate" - Section 2.1
-----------
"Certificate of Merger" - Section 1.3
---------------------
"Closing" - Section 1.2
-------
"Closing Date" - Section 1.2
------------
"Code" - - 2/nd/ Recital
----
"Company Affiliates Letter" - Section 7.8(a)
-------------------------
"Company Common Stock" - Section 4.1(a)
--------------------
"Company Disclosure Letter" - Section 5
-------------------------
"Company Intellectual Property Rights" - Section 5.16(b)(ii)
------------------------------------
"Company Leases" - Section 5.11(a)
--------------
"Company Material Adverse Effect" - - Section 5.1
-------------------------------
"Company Options" - Section 5.2
---------------
"Company Preferred Stock - Section 5.2(a)
-----------------------
"Company Reports" - Section 5.5
---------------
"Company Requisite Vote" - Section 5.3(a)
----------------------
"Company Rights" - Section 5.2(a)
--------------
"Company Rights Plan" - - Section 5.2(a)
-------------------
"Company Stock Plans" - - Section 5.2
-------------------
"Company Stockholder Agreement" - Section 5.19
-----------------------------
"Compensation and Benefit Plans" - Section 5.8
------------------------------
"Confidentiality Agreement" - Section 10.7
-------------------------
"Contracts" - Section 5.4(b)
---------
"Costs" - Section 7.13(b)
-----
"Current Premium" - Section 7.13(d)
---------------
"D&O Insurance" - Section 7.13(d)
-------------
55
<PAGE>
"Department" - Section 1.3
----------
"DGCL" - Section 1.1
----
"Effective Time" - Section 1.3
--------------
"Environmental Law" - Section 5.12
-----------------
"ERISA" - Section 5.8(b)
-----
"ERISA Affiliate" - Section 5.8(a)
---------------
"Exchange Act" - Section 5.4(a)
------------
"Exchange Agent" - Section 4.2(a)
--------------
"Exchange Fund" - Section 4.2(a)
-------------
"Exchange Ratio" - Section 4.1(a)
--------------
"Excluded Shares" - Section 4.1(a)
---------------
"GAAP" - Section 5.1
----
"Governmental Entity" - Section 5.4(a)
-------------------
"Governmental Consents" - Section 8.1(d)
---------------------
"Hazardous Substance" - Section 5.12
-------------------
"HSR Act" - Section 5.4(a)
-------
"Indemnified Parties" - Section 7.13(b)
-------------------
"IRS" - Section 5.8(b)
---
"Laws" - Section 5.8
----
"Liens" - Section 5.23
-----
"Merger" - 1/st/ Recital
------
"Merger Consideration" - Section 4.1(a)
--------------------
"Order" - Section 8.1(e)
-----
"Parent Affiliates Letter" - Section 7.8(b)
------------------------
"Parent Audit Date" - Section 6.7
-----------------
"Parent Common Stock" - Section 4.1(a)
-------------------
"Parent Companies" - Section 4.1(a)
----------------
"Parent Disclosure Letter" - Section 6
------------------------
"Parent Intellectual Property Rights" - Section 6.17(b)(ii)
-----------------------------------
"Parent Material Adverse Effect" - Section 6.3
------------------------------
"Parent Reports" - Section 6.7
--------------
"Parent Requisite Vote" - Section 6.7
---------------------
"Parent Common Stock" - Section 4.1(a)
-------------------
"Parent Companies" - Section 4.1(a)
----------------
"Parent Stock Plan" - Section 6.4
-----------------
"Parent Stockholder Agreement" - Section 6.19
----------------------------
"Parent Preferred Stock" - Section 6.4
----------------------
"Parent Shareholders' Meeting" - Section 7.4
----------------------------
"Parent Third-Party Intellectual Property Rights" - Section 6.17(b)(i)
-----------------------------------------------
"Parent Voting Debt" - Section 6.4
------------------
"Pension Plan" - Section 5.8
------------
"Permits" - Section 5.9
-------
"Person" - Section 4.2(b)
------
"Plans" - Section 5.8
-----
56
<PAGE>
"Prospectus/Proxy Statement" - Section 7.3
--------------------------
"Representatives" - Section 7.7
---------------
"S-4 Registration Statement" - Section 7.3
--------------------------
"SEC" - Section 5.5
---
"Securities Act" - Section 5.4(a)
--------------
"Share" - Section 4.1(a)
-----
"Shares" - Section 4.1(a)
------
"Share Certificate" - Section 4.1(a)
-----------------
"Shareholders' Meeting" - Section 7.4
---------------------
"Standstill Agreement" - Section 10.7
--------------------
"Subsidiary" - Section 5.1
----------
"Superior Proposal" - Section 7.2(a)(i)(A)
-----------------
"Surviving Corporation" - Section 1.1
---------------------
"Tax" - Section 5.14
---
"Tax Return" - Section 5.14
----------
"Taxable" - Section 5.14
-------
"Taxes" - Section 5.14
-----
"Termination Date" - Section 9.2
----------------
"Third Party" - Section 9.6(e)
-----------
"Third-Party Intellectual Property Rights" - Section 5.16(b)(i)
----------------------------------------
"Voting Debt" - Section 5.2(a)
-----------
[THIS SPACE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
57
<PAGE>
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by
the duly authorized officers of the parties hereto as of the date first written
above .
APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.
By: ___________________________
Name: _________________________
Title: ________________________
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
By: ___________________________
Name: _________________________
Title: ________________________
MANGO SUBSIDIARY CORP.
By: ___________________________
Name: _________________________
Title: ________________________
58
