SMITHFIELD FOODS INC
10-Q, 1998-09-14
MEAT PACKING PLANTS
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                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                            WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549


                                   FORM 10-Q


x  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
                                  ACT OF 1934


                      For the quarterly period ended August 2, 1998
                                            or


TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)  OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
                                  ACT OF 1934



     For the transition period from...............to............................


                              COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-2258

                                  SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.
                                   200 Commerce Street
                                Smithfield, Virginia 23430

                                      (757) 365-3000


     Virginia                                    52-0845861
- -------------------                           -----------------
    (State of                                  (I.R.S. Employer
  Incorporation)                               Identification
                                                    Number)


Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.



                                                            Yes   x     No
                                                                -----      -----

                                                Shares outstanding at
          Class                                   September 9, 1998
- --------------------------                      ---------------------
Common Stock, $.50 par value                         37,537,362

                                       1-13
<PAGE>



                               SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.
                                      CONTENTS


PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION                                             PAGE

   Item 1.  Financial Statements

      Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets - August 2, 1998 and May 3,
        1998                                                               3-4

      Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations - 13 Weeks Ended
        August 2, 1998 and 13 Weeks Ended July 27, 1997                      5

      Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows - 13 Weeks Ended
        August 2, 1998 and 13 Weeks Ended July 27, 1997                      6

      Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements                   7

    Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
             Condition and Results of Operations                          8-10


PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

    Item 4.  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders            11

    Item 6.  Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K                               12

                                       2-13
<PAGE>


                           PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

                               SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.
                       CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
( In thousands)                                 August 2, 1998          May 3, 1998
                                                --------------          -----------
ASSETS                                            (Unaudited)
<S>   <C>
Current assets:
   Cash and cash equivalents                        $   37,944           $   60,522
   Accounts receivable, net                            177,991              156,091
   Inventories                                         294,938              249,511
   Prepaid expenses and other current assets            36,324               44,999
                                                    ----------           ----------
       Total current assets                            547,197              511,123
                                                    ----------           ----------


Property, plant and equipment                          820,214              705,872
   Less accumulated depreciation                      (245,395)            (233,652)
                                                    ----------           ----------
       Net property, plant and equipment               574,819              472,220
                                                    ----------           ----------


Other assets:
   Investments in partnerships                          33,572               49,940
   Goodwill                                             17,463               12,360
   Other                                                60,785               38,002
                                                    ----------           ----------
       Total other assets                              111,820              100,302
                                                    ----------           ----------


                                                    $1,233,836           $1,083,645
                                                    ==========           ==========
</TABLE>

     See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.


                                       3-13
<PAGE>



                               SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.
                       CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS




(In thousands)                                  August 2, 1998       May 3, 1998
- --------------                                  --------------       -----------
                                                  (Unaudited)
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:

   Notes payable                                    $   12,165        $        -
   Current portion of long-term debt and
     capital lease obligations                          12,871             8,511
   Accounts payable                                    123,042           118,909
   Accrued expenses and other current
     liabilities                                       120,945           124,515
                                                    ----------        ----------
      Total current liabilities                        269,023           251,935
                                                    ----------        ----------


Long-term debt and capital lease obligations           539,144           407,272
                                                    ----------        ----------
Other noncurrent liabilities:
   Pension and post-retirement benefits                 32,633            38,486
   Other                                                37,101            24,942
                                                    ----------        ----------
      Total other noncurrent liabilities                69,734            63,428
                                                    ----------        ----------

Shareholders' equity:
   Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 1,000,000
     authorized shares                                       -                 -
   Common stock, $.50 par value, 100,000,000
     authorized shares;  37,537,362 issued              18,769            18,769
   Additional paid-in capital                           96,971            96,971
   Retained earnings                                   239,945           245,270
   Accumulated other comprehensive income                  250                 -
                                                    ----------        ----------
      Total shareholders' equity                       355,935           361,010
                                                    ----------        ----------


                                                    $1,233,836        $1,083,645
                                                    ==========        ==========

     See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.

                                       4-13
<PAGE>

                               SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.
                       CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
                                    (Unaudited)


<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                 13 Weeks Ended     13 Weeks Ended
(In thousands, except per share data)            August 2, 1998      July 27, 1997
- -------------------------------------            --------------     --------------
<S>    <C>
Sales                                                  $865,823           $914,963
Cost of sales                                           793,046            839,779
                                                       --------           --------
Gross Profit                                             72,777             75,184

Selling, general and administrative expenses             57,997             49,192
Depreciation expense                                     12,939              9,715
Interest expense                                          9,706              7,367
Nonrecurring charge                                           -             12,600
                                                       --------           --------

Loss before income taxes                                 (7,865)            (3,690)

Income taxes (benefit)                                   (2,540)             2,851
                                                       --------           --------


Net loss                                               $ (5,325)          $ (6,541)
                                                       ========           ========



Net loss per common share:

      Basic                                            $   (.14)          $   (.17)
                                                       ========           ========
      Diluted                                          $   (.14)          $   (.17)
                                                       ========           ========



Average common shares outstanding:

      Basic                                              37,537             37,527
                                                       ========           ========
      Diluted                                            37,537             37,527
                                                       ========           ========
</TABLE>





       See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.

                                      5-13
<PAGE>


                               SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.
                       CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
                                    (Unaudited)

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                              13 Weeks        13 Weeks
                                                                 Ended           Ended
(In thousands)                                          August 2, 1998   July 27, 1998
- --------------                                          --------------   -------------
<S>   <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
   Net loss                                                   $ (5,325)       $ (6,541)
   Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
     provided by operating activities:
         Depreciation and amortization                          13,939          10,471
         Loss (gain) on sale of property, plant and
           equipment                                               588            (460)
         Changes in operating assets and liabilities,
           net of effect of Acquisitions:
                Accounts receivable                            (18,109)        (13,080)
                Inventories                                    (21,577)        (13,250)
                Prepaid expenses and other current
                  assets                                       (10,981)         (2,579)
                Other assets                                       574           1,565
                Accounts payable, accrued expenses
                  and other liabilities                        (11,504)         (2,057)
                                                              --------        --------
         Net cash used in operating activities                 (52,395)        (25,931)
                                                              --------        --------

Cash flows from investing activities:
   Capital expenditures                                        (19,997)        (18,518)
   Business acquisitions, net of cash                          (23,837)        (10,123)
   Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment               7             148
   Investments in partnerships                                  (2,278)         (6,731)
                                                              --------        --------
         Net cash used in investing activities                 (46,105)        (35,224)
                                                              --------        --------

Cash flows from financing activities:
   Net repayments on notes payable                                   -         (75,000)
   Net borrowings on long-term credit facility                  77,000         215,000
   Principal payments on long-term debt and capital
    lease obligations                                           (1,078)        (78,280)
   Exercise of common stock options                                  -              83
                                                              --------        --------
         Net cash provided by financing activities              75,922          61,803
                                                              --------        --------


Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents           (22,578)            648
Cash and cash equivalents  at beginning of period               60,522          25,791
                                                              --------        --------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period                    $ 37,944        $ 26,439
                                                              ========        ========


Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
  Cash payments during period:
        Interest (net of amount capitalized)                  $  6,049        $  7,298
                                                              ========        ========
        Income taxes                                          $     39        $  1,409
                                                              ========        ========
</TABLE>

     See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.

                                       6-13

<PAGE>


                             SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.
              NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(1) These statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated
    Financial Statements and related notes which are included in the Company's
    Annual Report for the fiscal year ended May 3, 1998.

(2) The interim consolidated condensed financial information furnished herein is
    unaudited. The information reflects all adjustments (which include only
    normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management,
    necessary to a fair statement of the financial position and the results of
    operations for the periods included in this report.

(3) Inventories consist of the following:



       (In thousands)                    August 2, 1998    May 3, 1998
       --------------                    --------------    -----------
       Fresh and processed meats               $192,707       $171,090
       Hogs on farms                             70,594         49,263
       Manufacturing supplies                    20,407         18,538
       Other                                     11,230         10,620
                                               --------       --------

                                               $294,938       $249,511
                                               ========       ========


(4) Income per basic share is computed based on the average common shares
    outstanding during the period. Income per diluted share is computed based on
    the average common shares outstanding adjusted for the effect of potential
    common shares, such as stock options. The fiscal quarters ended August 2,
    1998 and July 27, 1997 reflected net losses, resulting in the Company's
    stock options being antidilutive and, thus, excluded from the computation of
    income per diluted share. Accordingly, basic income per share and diluted
    income per share are the same.

      Summarized below are stock option shares outstanding at the end of each
    fiscal period which were not included in the computation of income per
    diluted share because (a) the assumed exercise of the options would be
    antidilutive, or (b) the average exercise price of the options was greater
    than the average market price of the common shares.


                                         August 2, 1998    July 27, 1997
                                         --------------    -------------
    Antidilutive stock option shares          3,451,000        3,061,000
      Average option price per share             $10.81            $8.92

    Stock options shares above exercise
       price                                     65,000               -
      Average option price per share             $32.42               -




(5) The Company has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
    No. 128, "Reporting Comprehensive Income," effective for the first
    quarter of fiscal 1999. The components of comprehensive loss, net
    of related tax, consist of:

    (in thousands)                      August 2, 1998          July 27, 1997
    -------------                       --------------          -------------
    Net loss                                   $(5,325)               $(6,541)
    Unrealized gains on securities                 250                      -
                                               -------                -------
    Comprehensive loss                         $(5,075)               $(6,541)
                                               =======                =======

       As of August 2, 1998, accumulated other comprehensive income, net of
    related tax, consisted of unrealized gains on securities of $250,000. As of
    July 27, 1997, there were no components of accumulated other comprehensive
    income.

(6) In August 1997, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia
    imposed $12.6 million in civil penalties against the Company in a civil
    action brought by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This amount is
    reflected as a nonrecurring charge in the thirteen weeks ended July 27,
    1997. The Company has appealed this decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals
    for the Fourth Circuit.

(7) In fiscal 1998, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a 2-for-1
    stock split of the Company's common stock. Common shares outstanding and net
    loss per share amounts have been adjusted in the consolidated condensed
    statements of operations to reflect the stock split.

                                       7-13

<PAGE>

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
   AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

GENERAL

Smithfield Foods, Inc. (the "Company") is comprised of a Meat Processing Group
("MPG") and a Hog Production Group ("HPG"). The MPG consists of five pork
processing subsidiaries, Gwaltney of Smithfield, Ltd. ("Gwaltney"), John Morrell
& Co. ("John Morrell"), Lykes Meat Group, Inc. ("Lykes"), Partrick Cudahy
Incorporated ("Patrick Cudahy") and The Smithfield Packing Company, Incorporated
("Smithfield Packing"). The HPG consists of Brown's of Carolina, Inc.
("Brown's"), an 86%-owned subsidiary of the Company; a 50% interest in
Smithfield-Carroll's ("Smithfield-Carroll's"), a joint hog production
arrangement between the Company and an affiliate of Carroll's Foods, Inc., and a
74% interest in Circle Four ("Circle Four"), a joint hog production arrangement
with certain of the principal hog suppliers for the Company's Eastern
operations. Brown's and Smithfield-Carroll's produce hogs in North Carolina and
Virginia which are sold to the MPG. Circle Four produces hogs in Utah which are
sold to an unrelated party.


RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

In December 1997, the Company reached an irrevocable agreement with members of
the Schneider family, the controlling shareholders, to purchase all of their
shares in Schneider Corporation ("Schneider") as part of an offer by the Company
to acquire all of the shares of Schneider. Schneider produces and markets fresh
pork and a full line of processed meats in Canada and had revenues in its fiscal
year ended October 1997 of US$512.7 million. A lawsuit contesting the
acquisition was filed by a Canadian competitor and other Schneider shareholders.
The Court dismissed these claims, which have since been appealed and heard,
although a decision has not yet been rendered.

   On September 1, 1998, the Company acquired 100% of the common stock of
Societe Bretonne De Salaisons ("SBS"), the largest private-label
manufacturer of ham, pork shoulder and bacon products in France, with annual
sales of approximately US$115.0 million.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

During the current quarter, the Company increased its investment in Circle Four
from 37% to 74%, requiring the Company to consolidate the accounts of Circle
Four and to discontinue using the equity method of accounting for Circle Four.
The impact of this consolidation on the consolidated condensed balance sheet as
of August 2, 1998 was to increase total assets $121.7 million and long-term debt
$54.0. The Company's operating results for the first quarter ended August 2, 
1998 include those of Circle Four for nine weeks.

   While the Company has consolidated the accounts of Circle Four in
the accompanying consolidated condensed financial statements, it is
negotiating the sale of a substantial portion of its investment in Circle
Four to a related party.

13 Weeks Ended July 27, 1997 -
13 Weeks Ended August 2, 1998
- ------------------------------

Sales in the first quarter of fiscal 1999 decreased $49.1 million, or 5.4%, from
the comparable period in fiscal 1998. The decrease in sales reflected a 16.7%
decrease in unit sales prices reflecting the impact of significantly lower live
hog costs, which were not totally offset by a 12.5% increase in sales tonnage
and the inclusion of the operating results of Circle Four. The increase in sales
tonnage reflected a 12.1% increase in fresh pork tonnage, an 11.0% increase in
processed meats tonnage and a 16.2% increase in the tonnage of other products.
The increase in fresh pork tonnage was primarily related to operations of the
second shift of John Morrell's Sioux City, Iowa plant which was temporarily
shutdown in the first quarter of fiscal 1998.

      Cost of sales decreased $46.7 million, or 5.6%, in the first quarter of
fiscal 1999, reflecting a 30.5% decrease in live hog costs offset by increased
sales tonnage, the inclusion of the operating results of Circle Four and a loss
incurred in the Company's commodity hedging program on certain anticipatory hog
purchase hedges that locked in raw material costs at relatively high prices.
These positions were closed out in June and July.

                                       8-13

<PAGE>

      Gross profit in the first quarter of fiscal 1999 decreased $2.4 million, 
or 3.2%, from the comparable period in fiscal 1998. The decrease in gross profit
was primarily due to substantially lower margins at the HPG, reflecting sharply
lower hog prices, and the loss in the commodity hedging program partially offset
by improved margins on higher sales of fresh pork and processed meats at the 
MPG.

      Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $8.8 million, or
17.9%, in the first quarter of fiscal 1999 from the comparable period in fiscal
1998. The increase was primarily due to higher selling, marketing and product
promotion costs associated with intensive efforts to market branded fresh pork
and processed meats and the inclusion of the operating results of Circle Four.

      Depreciation expense increased $3.2 million, or 33.2%, in the first
quarter of fiscal 1999 from the comparable period in fiscal 1998. The increase
was related to completed capital projects at several of the Company's processing
plants and the inclusion of the operating results of Circle Four.

      Interest expense increased $2.3 million, or 31.7%, in the first quarter of
fiscal 1999 from the comparable period in fiscal 1998, reflecting the higher
cost of long-term debt placed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 1998 and the
inclusion of the operating results of Circle Four.

      A nonrecurring charge of $12.6 million in the first quarter of fiscal 1998
reflected the imposition of civil penalties against the Company by the U.S.
District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in a civil action brought by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Company has appealed the Court's
judgment to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.

      Income before taxes in the first quarter of fiscal 1999 was adversely
affected by a loss of $3.7 million at the HPG compared to a profit of $10.4
million in the same period of fiscal 1998.

      The effective income tax rate for the first quarter of fiscal 1999 was
32.3% compared with 32.0%, excluding the nonrecurring charge, in the
corresponding period in fiscal 1998.

      Reflecting the factors previously discussed, the Company incurred a net
loss of $5.3 million, or $.14 per diluted share, in the first quarter of fiscal
1999 compared with a net loss of $6.5 million, or $.17 per diluted share, in the
comparable period of fiscal 1998. Excluding the nonrecurring charge, net income
was $6.1 million, or $.15 per diluted share, in the first quarter of fiscal
1998.

      The operating results of the MPG and the HPG are influenced by several 
factors, including the supply and price levels of hogs, and, as a result, are 
largely counter-cyclical in nature. While the Company expects to incur losses at
the HPG for the remainder of fiscal 1999, these losses should be offset by 
improved margins at the MPG.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company's cash used in operations totaled $52.4 million, in the first
quarter of fiscal 1999, primarily related to an increase in the level of
accounts receivable and a seasonal build-up of inventories for the fall holiday
season.

      The Company's capital expenditures totaled $20.0 million in the first
quarter of fiscal 1999. These capital expenditures included renovations and
expansion projects at several of the Company's processing plants, additional hog
production facilities at Circle Four and replacement systems associated with the
Year 2000. In addition, the Company invested $23.5 million in Circle Four and
acquired all of the capital stock of a processed meats company in Iowa for $6.5
million in cash and $2.0 million in notes. These capital expenditures and
acquisitions were funded with borrowings under the Company's revolving credit
facility.

      As of August 2, 1998, the Company had definitive commitments of $25.2
million for capital expenditures primarily to increase its processed meats
capacity at several of its processing plants and to replace and upgrade portions
of its hardware and software in response to the Year 2000 issue.

                                       9-13
<PAGE>

YEAR 2000

The Company began addressing the potential exposure associated with the Year
2000 during fiscal 1998. The Company has completed the hardware and application
software inventory of its information technology ("IT") and non-IT systems.
Management has approved the plan necessary to remediate, upgrade, and replace
the affected systems to be Year 2000 compliant. A corrective five-point action
plan has been developed including: 1) analysis and planning, 2) allocation of
resources and commencing correction, 3) remediation, correction and replacement,
4) testing, and 5) development of contingency plans.

      The Company is in the second phase of this plan, allocating resources and
commencing corrective action. Critical systems are being given the highest
priority. These systems include any necessary technology used in manufacturing
or administration with date-sensitive information which is critical to the
day-to-day operations of the business. The replacement, remediation and testing
of all critical non-IT and IT systems is expected to be completed by the end of
June 1999. The Company has expensed approximately $.07 million to date including
$.03 million in the first quarter of fiscal 1999 for the Year 2000, primary
related to planning and evaluating system status. The forecasted cost of the
Year 2000 solution, including hardware and software replacement, is expected to
be approximately $31.7 million. The Company estimates $18.5 million will be
capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. These
expenditures are anticipated to be incurred through December 1999.

      Third party risk is being proactively assessed through inquiries and
questionnaires. Significant vendors, electronic commerce customers and financial
institutions have been sent inquiries about the status of their compliance for
the Year 2000. Additionally, the Company will follow-up the inquiries and
questionnaires with interviews. This process is expected to be an ongoing
evaluation and at this point management cannot determine the level of risk
associated with third parties.

      The Company believes its planning efforts are adequate to address its Year
2000 concerns. The Company is not at a stage to determined a worse case
scenario; however the Company is developing including evaluating the criticality
of each manufacturing process, determining possible manual alternatives 
including the purchase of additional inventory and related storage for
production supplies.

      While the Company believes it is taking the appropriate steps to address
its readiness for the Year 2000, the costs of the project and expected
completion dates are dependent upon the continued availability of certain
resources and other factors. There can be no guarantee that these estimates will
be achieved, and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated.
Specific factors that could influence the results may include, but are not
limited to, the availability and cost of personnel trained in this area, and the
ability to locate and correct all relevant computer codes and similar
uncertainties.


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-Q may contain "forward-looking" information within the meaning of
the federal securities laws. The forward-looking information may include, among
other information, statements concerning the Company's outlook for the future.
There may also be other statements of beliefs, future plans and strategies or
anticipated events and similar expressions concerning matters that are not
historical facts. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown
risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause the actual
results, performance or achievements of Smithfield, or industry results, to
differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed
or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks, uncertainties, and
other important factors include, among others: availability and prices of raw
materials, product pricing, competitive environment and related market
conditions, operating efficiencies, access to capital, integration of
acquisitions and changes in, or the failure or inability to comply with
governmental regulations, including without limitation environmental and health
regulations.

                                       10-13

<PAGE>


                           PART II - OTHER INFORMATION


Item 4.  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

      (a) Annual meeting of Shareholders held August 27, 1998.

      (b) Not applicable.

      (c) There were 37,537,362 shares of Company's Common Stock outstanding
          as of July 10, 1998, the record date for the 1998 Annual Meeting of
          Shareholders. A total of 29,376,584 shares were voted. All of
          management's nominees for directors of the corporation were elected
          with the following vote:

                                                      Votes         Broker
      Director Nominee              Votes For      Withheld       Non-Voters
      ----------------              ---------      --------       ----------

      Robert L. Burrus, Jr.        28,246,212      1,130,372           0
      F.J. Faison, Jr.             28,998,137        378,447           0
      Joel W. Greenberg            29,030,837        345,747           0
      George E. Hamilton, Jr.      29,000,692        375,892           0
      Richard J. Holland           29,033,787        342,797           0
      Roger R. Kapella             29,010,661        365,923           0
      Lewis R. Little              29,009,361        367,223           0
      Joseph W. Luter, III         29,007,901        368,683           0
      William H. Prestage          28,998,567        378,017           0
      Joseph B. Sebring            28,404,312        972,272           0
      Timothy A. Seely             28,998,812        377,772           0
      Aaron D. Trub                29,009,661        366,923           0



      A proposal to ratify the adoption of the Smithfield Foods, Inc. 1998 Stock
      Incentive Plan was approved by the shareholders with the following vote:

                                              Votes        Broker
            Votes For      Votes Against     Withheld    Non-Votes
            ---------      -------------     --------    ---------
            29,269,021        1,989,956      117,607          0

      A proposal to ratify the selection of Arthur Andersen LLP as independent
      public accountants of the Company for the fiscal year ending May 2, 1999
      was approved by the shareholders with the following vote:

                                               Votes              Broker
            Votes For    Votes Against        Withheld          Non-Votes
           ----------    -------------        --------          ---------
           29,151,182       203,091             22,311              0


      (d) Not applicable.
                                       11-13

<PAGE>

Item 6.  Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K.

   A.  Exhibits

      Exhibit 3.2 - By-Laws of the Registrant, as amended to date.

      Exhibit 4.5 - Five-Year Credit Agreement dated as of July 10, 1997, among
         Smithfield Foods, Inc., the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto, the
         Lenders party thereto, and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Administrative
         Agent, relating to a $300,000,000 secured five-year revolving credit
         facility (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of the Company's
         Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended April 27, 1997
         filed with the Commission on July 25, 1997); Amendment Number One
         to the Five-Year Credit Agreement dated as of November 19, 1997
         (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company's Quarterly
         Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended February 1, 1998 filed
         with the Commission on March 17, 1998); and Amendment Number Two to the
         Five-Year Credit Agreement dated as of August 26, 1998.

      Exhibits 27 - Financial Data Schedule

   B.  Reports on Form 8-K.

      The Registrant filed no reports on Form 8-K during the quarter for which
this report is filed.

                                       12-13

<PAGE>

                                   SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.




  SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.


  /s/ AARON D. TRUB
  ------------------------
  Aaron D. Trub
  Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary




  /s/ C. LARRY POPE
  ------------------------
  C. Larry Pope
  Vice President, Finance



  Date:  September 11, 1998

                                       13-13
<PAGE>

                                   SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.




  SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC..


  _____________________________
  Aaron D. Trub
  Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary



  _______________________________
  C. Larry Pope
  Vice President, Finance



  Date:  September 11, 1998

                                       13-13

                                                                   EXHIBIT 3.2

             -----------------------------------------------------



                                     BYLAWS

                                       OF

                             SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.

                   As Amended and Restated on August 27, 1998


             -----------------------------------------------------



<PAGE>



                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                                  PAGE

                                    ARTICLE I
                                  SHAREHOLDERS
<S> <C>
         SECTION 1.1       ANNUAL MEETINGS...........................................................................1
         SECTION 1.2       SPECIAL MEETINGS..........................................................................2
         SECTION 1.3       NOTICE OF MEETINGS........................................................................2
         SECTION 1.4       RECORD DATE...............................................................................3
         SECTION 1.5       ORGANIZATION..............................................................................4
         SECTION 1.6       ADJOURNMENTS..............................................................................4
         SECTION 1.7       WAIVER OF NOTICE; ATTENDANCE AT MEETING...................................................4
         SECTION 1.8       QUORUM AND VOTING REQUIREMENTS............................................................4
         SECTION 1.9       PROXIES...................................................................................5
         SECTION 1.10      INSPECTORS OF ELECTIONS...................................................................7
         SECTION 1.11      LIST OF SHAREHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE.....................................................8
         SECTION 1.12      CONDUCT OF MEETINGS.......................................................................8

                                   ARTICLE II
                                    DIRECTORS


         SECTION 2.1       GENERAL POWERS............................................................................9
         SECTION 2.2       NUMBER AND TERM...........................................................................9
         SECTION 2.3       NOMINATION; ELECTION......................................................................9
         SECTION 2.4       RESIGNATION; REMOVAL.....................................................................11
         SECTION 2.5       VACANCIES................................................................................11
         SECTION 2.6       MEETINGS OF THE BOARD....................................................................12
         SECTION 2.7       NOTICE OF MEETINGS.......................................................................12
         SECTION 2.8       WAIVER OF NOTICE; ATTENDANCE AT MEETING..................................................13
         SECTION 2.9       QUORUM; VOTING...........................................................................13
         SECTION 2.10      TELEPHONE PARTICIPATION..................................................................13
         SECTION 2.11      ACTION WITHOUT MEETING...................................................................13
         SECTION 2.12      ORGANIZATION.............................................................................14
         SECTION 2.13      REGULATIONS; MANNER OF ACTING............................................................14
         SECTION 2.14      COMPENSATION.............................................................................14
         SECTION 2.15      DIRECTOR EMERITUS........................................................................14




                                        i

<PAGE>



                                   ARTICLE III
                             COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD


         SECTION 3.1       CONSTITUTION OF COMMITTEES...............................................................15
         SECTION 3.2       AUTHORITY OF COMMITTEE...................................................................15
         SECTION 3.3       EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE......................................................................15
         SECTION 3.4       AUDIT COMMITTEE..........................................................................16
         SECTION 3.5       COMPENSATION COMMITTEE...................................................................16
         SECTION 3.6       PROCEEDINGS..............................................................................17


                                   ARTICLE IV
                                    OFFICERS

         SECTION 4.1       OFFICERS GENERALLY.......................................................................17
         SECTION 4.2       ELECTION.................................................................................17
         SECTION 4.3       REMOVAL OF OFFICERS......................................................................18
         SECTION 4.4       AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS.........................................................18
         SECTION 4.5       CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD....................................................................18
         SECTION 4.6       CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER..................................................................18
         SECTION 4.7       CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER..................................................................19
         SECTION 4.8       SECRETARY................................................................................19
         SECTION 4.9       VOTING SECURITIES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS..................................................19
         SECTION 4.10      BONDS....................................................................................19

                                    ARTICLE V
                                  CAPITAL STOCK

         SECTION 5.1       FORM.....................................................................................20
         SECTION 5.2       TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRARS...........................................................20
         SECTION 5.3       TRANSFERS................................................................................20
         SECTION 5.4       RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER.................................................................20
         SECTION 5.5       LOST CERTIFICATES........................................................................21
         SECTION 5.6       HOLDER OF RECORD.........................................................................21

                                   ARTICLE VI
                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

         SECTION 6.1       FISCAL YEAR..............................................................................21
         SECTION 6.2       SEAL.....................................................................................21
         SECTION 6.3       EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS.................................................................21
         SECTION 6.4       CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................22
         SECTION 6.5       AMENDMENTS...............................................................................22
</TABLE>
                                       ii

<PAGE>




                                   ARTICLE I
                                  SHAREHOLDERS

         SECTION 1.1 ANNUAL MEETINGS.  (a) The Corporation  shall hold an annual
meeting  of  the  shareholders  for  the  election  of  directors  and  for  the
transaction  of such other  business as properly  may come before the meeting at
such place,  either within or without the Commonwealth of Virginia,  and at such
date and time as may be designated  from time to time by resolution of the Board
of Directors and set forth in the notice or waiver of notice of the meeting.

                  (b) At an  annual  meeting  of  the  shareholders,  only  such
business  shall be  conducted  as shall have been  properly  brought  before the
meeting.  To be properly brought before an annual meeting,  business must be (i)
specified in the notice of the meeting (or any  supplement  thereto) given by or
at the  direction of the Board of Directors,  (ii)  otherwise  properly  brought
before the meeting by or at the  direction of the Board of  Directors,  or (iii)
otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a shareholder.  For business to
be properly  brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder,  the shareholder
must have  given  timely  notice  thereof in  writing  to the  Secretary  of the
Corporation. To be timely, a shareholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed
and received at the principal  executive  offices of the  Corporation  (i) on or
after June 1st and before July 1st of the year in which the annual  meeting will
be held,  if clause (ii) of this  sentence is not  applicable,  or (ii) not less
than 60 days  before  the date of the  annual  meeting  if the  meeting  date is
earlier than August 1st or later than August 31st. In addition,  for business to
be brought  properly  before the meeting by a  shareholder,  such  shareholder's
notice  to the  Secretary  must set  forth  as to each  matter  the  shareholder
proposes to bring  before such meeting (i) a brief  description  of the business
desired to be brought  before the meeting,  including  the complete  text of any
resolutions  to be  presented  and the  reasons  for  wanting  to  conduct  such
business,  (ii) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation's books,
of the shareholder proposing such business, (iii) the class and number of shares
of  capital  stock  of the  Corporation  which  are  beneficially  owned  by the
shareholder, and (iv) any material interest of the shareholder in such business.


                                By-Laws, Page 1

<PAGE>



                  (c) No business shall be conducted at an annual meeting of the
shareholders  except in  accordance  with the  procedures  set forth in  Section
1.1(b).  The presiding officer of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant,
determine and declare to the meeting that business has not been properly brought
before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of Section 1.1(b), in which
event  such  business  not  properly  brought  before the  meeting  shall not be
transacted.

                  (d) Notwithstanding  the foregoing  provisions of this Section
1.1, a  shareholder  seeking to have a proposal  included  in the  Corporation's
proxy  statement  for a  meeting  of the  shareholders  shall  comply  with  the
requirements  of Regulation  14A under the  Securities  Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended from time to time, or with any successor regulation.

         SECTION 1.2 SPECIAL MEETINGS.  Special meetings of shareholders for any
purpose or purposes  may be called at any time (i) by the Chairman of the Board,
the Chief  Executive  Officer or the  President,  if any,  pursuant  to a notice
delivered  to the  Secretary  or (ii) by the Board of  Directors  pursuant  to a
resolution  approved  by a majority  of the entire  Board of  Directors,  and no
business shall be conducted at such meeting other than the business set forth in
such notice or resolution.  Such special  meetings shall be held at such places,
either within or without the Commonwealth of Virginia, and at such date and time
as shall be specified in such notice or resolution.

         SECTION  1.3  NOTICE OF  MEETINGS.  (a) The  Corporation  shall  notify
shareholders  of  the  date,   time,  and  place  of  each  annual  and  special
shareholders'  meeting. Such notice shall be given no less than 10 nor more than
60 days before the meeting date except that notice of a shareholders' meeting to
act on an amendment to the articles of incorporation,  a plan of merger or share
exchange,  a proposed  sale,  lease,  exchange  or other  disposition  of all or
substantially all of the property of the Corporation otherwise than in the usual
and regular course of business,  or the dissolution of the Corporation  shall be
given not less than 25 nor more than 60 days before the meeting date. Unless the
Virginia  Stock  Corporation  Act  or  the  Articles  of  Incorporation  require
otherwise,  the  Corporation  is required  to give  notice only to  shareholders
entitled to vote at the meeting.


                                By-Laws, Page 2

<PAGE>



                  (b) Unless the Virginia Stock  Corporation Act or the Articles
of Incorporation  require otherwise,  notice of an annual meeting need not state
the  purpose or purposes  for which the  meeting is called.  Notice of a special
meeting shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.

                  (c)  If  an  annual  or  special  meeting  is  adjourned  to a
different date, time, or place,  notice need not be given if the new date, time,
or place is announced at the meeting  before  adjournment.  If a new record date
for the  adjourned  meeting  is or shall  be given  under  Section  1.4  hereof,
however,  notice of the  adjourned  meeting shall be given under this Section to
persons who are shareholders as of the new record date.

                  (d) Notwithstanding  the foregoing,  no notice of a meeting of
the  shareholders  need be given to a  shareholder  if (i) an annual  report and
proxy  statements for two  consecutive  annual  meetings of shareholders or (ii)
all, and at least two,  checks in payment of dividends or interest on securities
during a 12-month period, have been sent by first-class United States mail, with
postage  thereon  prepaid,  addressed  to the  shareholder  at his address as it
appears  on  the  share  transfer  books  of  the   Corporation,   and  returned
undeliverable.  The obligation of the  Corporation to give notice of meetings of
the  shareholders  to  any  such  shareholder   shall  be  reinstated  once  the
Corporation  has  received a new address for such  shareholder  for entry on its
share transfer books.

                  (e)   Notice  of  a  meeting  of  the   shareholders   may  be
communicated in person, by telephone, telegraph, teletype, or other form of wire
or wireless  communication,  or by mail (including  electronic  mail) or private
carrier.  Written notice to a shareholder  is effective  when mailed,  if mailed
postpaid and  correctly  addressed  to the  shareholder's  address  shown on the
Corporation's current record of shareholders.

         SECTION 1.4 RECORD DATE. The Board of Directors  shall fix, in advance,
a record  date in  order to make a  determination  of the  shareholders  for any
purpose.  The record  date may not be more than 70 days  before  the  meeting or
action   requiring  a  determination   of   shareholders.   A  determination  of
shareholders  entitled  to notice of or to vote at a  shareholders'  meeting  is
effective for any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board of Directors fixes
a new record date,  which it shall do if the meeting is adjourned to a date more
than 120 days after the date fixed for the original meeting.


                                By-Laws, Page 3

<PAGE>



         SECTION  1.5  ORGANIZATION.  At  every  meeting  of  shareholders,  the
presiding officer shall be the first listed among the following  officers who is
present and able to preside at such  meeting:  the  Chairman  of the Board,  the
Chief Executive Officer, the President,  if any, the Chief Operating Officer, if
any,  any  Executive  Vice  President,  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  and  the
Secretary.  In the absence of all of the foregoing persons, the meeting shall be
presided  over by a chairman  designated  by the Board of  Directors,  or in the
absence of such designation, by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The Secretary,
or in his  absence,  an  Assistant  Secretary,  if any,  or in his  absence,  an
appointee of the presiding officer shall act as secretary of the meeting.

         SECTION  1.6  ADJOURNMENTS.  Subject to the  provisions  of Section 1.3
hereof, any meeting of shareholders, annual or special, may adjourn from time to
time to reconvene at a different date,  time or place. At the adjourned  meeting
the  Corporation  may transact any business which might have been  transacted at
the original meeting.

         SECTION 1.7 WAIVER OF NOTICE;  ATTENDANCE AT MEETING. A shareholder may
waive any notice required by the Virginia Stock Corporation Act, the Articles of
Incorporation,  or these Bylaws before or after the date and time of the meeting
that is the subject of such notice. The waiver shall be in writing, be signed by
the  shareholder  entitled to the notice and be delivered to the  Secretary  for
inclusion in the minutes or filing with the corporate  records.  A shareholder's
attendance  at a meeting  (i) waives  objection  to lack of notice or  defective
notice of the meeting unless the  shareholder,  at the beginning of the meeting,
objects to holding the meeting or  transacting  business at the meeting and (ii)
waives objection to consideration of a particular  matter at the meeting that is
not within the purpose or purposes  described in the meeting  notice  unless the
shareholder objects to considering the matter when it is presented.

         SECTION 1.8 QUORUM AND VOTING REQUIREMENTS.  (a) Each outstanding share
of common stock shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote
at a meeting of the  shareholders.  Shares of other  classes and series shall be
entitled to such vote as may be provided in the Articles of Incorporation.

                  (b) Shares  entitled  to vote as a separate  voting  group may
take action on any matter at a meeting only if a quorum of those  shares  exists
with respect to that matter. Unless otherwise required by law, a majority of the
votes entitled to be cast on a matter by a voting group  constitutes a quorum of
that voting group for action on that

                                By-Laws, Page 4

<PAGE>



matter.  Once a share is represented for any purpose at a meeting,  it is deemed
present  for  quorum  purposes  for the  remainder  of the  meeting  and for any
adjournment of that meeting unless a new record date is or shall be set for that
adjourned  meeting.  If a quorum  exists,  action  on a matter,  other  than the
election of  directors,  by a voting  group is approved if the votes cast within
the voting group  favoring the action exceed the votes cast opposing the action,
unless a greater number of affirmative votes is required by law. Directors shall
be elected by a  plurality  of the votes cast by the shares  entitled to vote in
the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present,  unless a different vote
is required by the Articles of  Incorporation.  Less than a quorum may adjourn a
meeting.

         SECTION 1.9  PROXIES.

                  (a) A shareholder may vote his shares in person or by proxy.


                  (b) Without  limiting  the manner in which a  shareholder  may
authorize  another  person  or  persons  to act for  him as  proxy  pursuant  to
subsection (a) of this Section,  the following shall constitute a valid means by
which a shareholder may grant such authority:

                           (1) A shareholder  may execute a writing  authorizing
         another  person or  persons to act for him as proxy.  Execution  may be
         accomplished  by the shareholder or his authorized  officer,  director,
         employee or agent  signing such writing or causing his or her signature
         to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable  means  including,  but
         not limited to, by facsimile signature.

                           (2) A  shareholder  may authorize  another  person or
         persons  to act for him as proxy by  transmitting  or  authorizing  the
         transmission  of a telegram,  cablegram  or other  means of  electronic
         transmission  to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a
         proxy  solicitation  firm,  proxy support service  organization or like
         agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy
         to  receive  such  transmission,   provided  that  any  such  telegram,
         cablegram  or other means of  electronic  transmission  must either set
         forth or be submitted with  information from which it can be determined
         that the telegram,  cablegram,  or other  electronic  transmission  was
         authorized by the shareholder. If it is determined that such telegrams,
         cablegrams or other electronic  transmissions are valid, the inspectors
         or, if there are no inspectors, such other

                                By-Laws, Page 5

<PAGE>



         persons making that  determination  shall specify the information  upon
         which they relied.

                           (3) Any copy,  facsimile,  telecommunication or other
         reliable  reproduction of the writing or transmission  created pursuant
         to this  paragraph (b) of this Section may be submitted or used in lieu
         of the original  writing or  transmission  for any and all purposes for
         which the original writing or transmission could be used, provided that
         such copy, facsimile,  telecommunication or other reproduction shall be
         a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission.

                  (c) An  appointment  of a proxy is effective  when received by
the  Secretary  or other  officer or agent  authorized  to  tabulate  votes.  An
appointment is valid for 11 months unless a longer period is expressly  provided
in the appointment form.

                  (d) An appointment of a proxy is revocable by the  shareholder
unless the appointment form conspicuously  states that it is irrevocable and the
appointment is coupled with an interest.  An appointment made irrevocable  under
this  paragraph  (d) is revoked  when the  interest  with which it is coupled is
extinguished.  A  transferee  for  value of  shares  subject  to an  irrevocable
appointment  may revoke the appointment if he did not know of its existence when
he acquired the shares and the existence of the irrevocable  appointment was not
noted  conspicuously  on  the  certificate  representing  the  shares  or on the
information statement for shares without certificates.

                  (e) The death or  incapacity of the  shareholder  appointing a
proxy  shall not  affect  the right of the  Corporation  to accept  the  proxy's
authority  unless notice of the death or incapacity is received by the Secretary
or other  officer  or agent  authorized  to  tabulate  votes  before  the  proxy
exercises his authority under the appointment.

                  (f)  Subject  to any  legal  limitations  on the  right of the
Corporation  to accept  the vote or other  action of a proxy and to any  express
limitation  on the proxy's  authority  appearing on the face of the  appointment
form, the  Corporation is entitled to accept the proxy's vote or other action as
that of the shareholder making the appointment. Any fiduciary who is entitled to
vote any shares may vote such shares by proxy.


                                By-Laws, Page 6

<PAGE>



         SECTION 1.10  INSPECTORS OF ELECTIONS.  (a) The  Corporation  shall, in
advance of any meeting of shareholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at
the meeting and to make a written report thereof.  The Corporation may designate
one or more persons as alternate  inspectors  to replace any inspector who fails
to  act.  If  no  inspector  or  alternate  is  able  to  act  at a  meeting  of
shareholders,  the person  presiding  at the meeting  shall  appoint one or more
inspectors  to act at the meeting.  Each  inspector,  before  entering  upon the
discharge of his duties,  shall take and sign an oath  faithfully to execute the
duties of inspector  with strict  impartiality  and according to the best of his
ability.

                  (b) The inspectors  shall:  (i) ascertain the number of shares
outstanding and the voting power of each; (ii) determine the shares  represented
at the meeting and the  validity of proxies and  ballots;  (iii) count all votes
and ballots;  (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable  period a record of the
disposition of any challenges made to any  determination by the inspectors;  and
(v)  certify  their  determination  of the number of shares  represented  at the
meeting, and their count of all votes and ballots. The inspectors may appoint or
retain other persons or entities to assist the inspectors in the  performance of
the duties of the inspectors.

                  (c) The date and time of the  opening  and the  closing of the
polls for each matter upon which the  shareholders  will vote at a meeting shall
be announced at the meeting.  No ballot,  proxies or votes,  nor any revocations
thereof  or changes  thereto,  shall be  accepted  by the  inspectors  after the
closing of the polls  unless the circuit  court of the city or county  where the
Corporation's  principal  office is located or, if none in the  Commonwealth  of
Virginia,  where  its  registered  office  is  located,  upon  application  by a
shareholder, shall determine otherwise.

                  (d) In  determining  the  validity and counting of proxies and
ballots,  the inspectors shall be limited to an examination of the proxies,  any
envelopes submitted with those proxies,  any information  provided in accordance
with paragraph  (b)(2) of Section 1.9 hereof,  ballots and the regular books and
records of the  Corporation,  except  that the  inspectors  may  consider  other
reliable  information for the limited purpose of reconciling proxies and ballots
submitted by or on behalf of banks,  brokers,  their nominees or similar persons
which  represent  more  votes than the  holder of a proxy is  authorized  by the
record owner to cast or more votes than the shareholder  holds of record. If the
inspectors consider other reliable information for the limited purpose

                                By-Laws, Page 7

<PAGE>



permitted  herein,  the  inspectors  at the time they make  their  certification
pursuant to  paragraph  (b)(v) of this  Section  1.10 shall  specify the precise
information  considered  by them  including the person or persons from whom they
obtained the information,  when the information was obtained, the means by which
the information was obtained and the basis for the inspectors'  belief that such
information is accurate and reliable.

         SECTION 1.11 LIST OF SHAREHOLDERS  ENTITLED TO VOTE. (a) The officer or
agent having charge of the share transfer books of the  Corporation  shall make,
at least 10 days before each  meeting of  shareholders,  a complete  list of the
shareholders  entitled to vote at the meeting or any adjournment  thereof,  with
the address of and the number of shares held by each. The list shall be arranged
by voting group and within each voting group by class or series of shares. For a
period of 10 days prior to the  meeting,  such list shall be kept on file at the
registered office of the Corporation or at its principal office or at the office
of its transfer  agent or registrar  and shall be subject to  inspection  by any
shareholder  at any time during usual  business  hours.  Such list shall also be
produced and kept open at the time and place of the meeting and shall be subject
to the  inspection of any  shareholder  during the whole time of the meeting for
the purpose  thereof.  The original  share  transfer  books shall be prima facie
evidence as to which  shareholders are entitled to examine such list or transfer
books or to vote at any meeting of the shareholders.  The right of a shareholder
to inspect such list prior to the meeting shall be subject to the conditions and
limitations set forth by law.

                  (b)  If  the  requirements  of  this  Section  have  not  been
substantially complied with, the meeting shall, on the demand of any shareholder
in person or by proxy, be adjourned until such  requirements are met. Refusal or
failure to prepare or make available the shareholders'  list does not affect the
validity of action taken at the meeting  prior to the making of any such demand,
but any action  taken by the  shareholders  after the making of any such  demand
shall be invalid and of no effect.

         SECTION  1.12  CONDUCT  OF  MEETINGS.  The  Board of  Directors  of the
Corporation  may, to the extent not prohibited by law, adopt by resolution  such
rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of shareholders as it shall
deem  appropriate.  Except  to the  extent  inconsistent  with  such  rules  and
regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors,  the presiding  officer of any
meeting of  shareholders  shall have the right and  authority to prescribe  such
rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of
such officer, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the

                                By-Laws, Page 8

<PAGE>



meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures,  whether adopted by the Board of
Directors  or  prescribed  by the  presiding  officer,  may to  the  extent  not
prohibited  by  law  include,   without  limitation,   the  following:  (i)  the
establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting;  (ii) rules and
procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present;
(iii)   limitations  on  attendance  at  or  participation  in  the  meeting  to
shareholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted
proxies and any such other  persons as the presiding  officer  shall  determine;
(iv)  restrictions  on the entry to the  meeting  after  the time  fixed for the
commencement  thereof;  and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or
comments by participants.  Unless, and to the extent, determined by the Board of
Directors  or the  presiding  officer of the meeting,  meetings of  shareholders
shall not be required to be held in accordance  with the rules of  parliamentary
procedure.

                                   ARTICLE II
                                   DIRECTORS

         SECTION  2.1  GENERAL  POWERS.  The  Corporation  shall have a Board of
Directors. All corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the authority of,
and the business and affairs of the Corporation  managed under the direction of,
the Board of Directors,  subject to any  limitation set forth in the Articles of
Incorporation.

         SECTION 2.2 NUMBER AND TERM.  The Board of Directors  shall  consist of
not  less  than  three  nor more  than 16  members,  the  precise  number  to be
determined from time to time by the affirmative vote of not less than a majority
of the directors at a meeting  where a quorum is present.  Except as provided in
Section 2.5  hereof,  directors  shall be elected at each annual  meeting of the
shareholders  and shall serve for a term expiring at the next annual  meeting of
the shareholders following their election. A decrease in the number of directors
shall not shorten an incumbent  director's  term.  Despite the  expiration  of a
director's  term, he shall  continue to serve until his successor is elected and
qualified or until there is a decrease in the number of directors.

         SECTION 2.3 NOMINATION;  ELECTION.  (a) No person shall be eligible for
election  as a director  unless  nominated  (i) by the Board of  Directors  upon
recommendation  of  any  nominating  committee  or  otherwise,   or  (ii)  by  a
shareholder  entitled  to vote on the  election  of  directors  pursuant  to the
procedures  of this Section  2.3(a).  Nominations,  other than those made by the
Board of Directors, may be made

                                By-Laws, Page 9

<PAGE>



only by a  shareholder  who is a  shareholder  of  record  of a class of  shares
entitled to vote for the  election of directors at the time of the giving of the
notice  hereinafter  described in this Section 2.3 and only if written notice of
the  shareholder's  intent to  nominate  one or more  persons  for  election  as
directors  has been  given,  either by  personal  delivery  or by United  States
certified mail,  postage prepaid,  addressed to the Secretary of the Corporation
at the principal office of the Corporation and received (i) on or after June 1st
and before July 1st of the year in which the meeting is held,  if the meeting is
an annual  meeting and clause (ii) is not  applicable,  or (ii) not less than 60
days before the date of an annual  meeting,  if the meeting date is earlier than
August  1st or later  than  August  31st,  or (iii) not later  than the close of
business on the tenth day following the day on which notice of a special meeting
of the shareholders called for the purpose of electing directors is first mailed
to the shareholders.

                  (b) Each such shareholder's notice shall contain the following
information:

                           (i) as to the  shareholder  giving the notice (A) the
         name  and   address  of  such   shareholder   as  they  appear  on  the
         Corporation's  stock transfer books, (B) the class and number of shares
         of stock of the Corporation beneficially owned by such shareholder, (C)
         a  representation  that such shareholder is a shareholder of record and
         intends to appear in person or by proxy at such meeting to nominate the
         person or persons specified in the notice, and (D) a description of all
         arrangements or  understandings,  if any,  between such shareholder and
         each  nominee and any other  person or persons  (naming  such person or
         persons)  pursuant to which the  nomination  or  nominations  are to be
         made; and

                           (ii) as to each person whom the shareholder wishes to
         nominate  for  election  as a  director:  (A) the name,  age,  business
         address and residential address of each such nominee, (B) the principal
         occupation or employment of each such nominee, (C) the class and number
         of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned,  directly or
         indirectly,  by each such nominee or over which such nominee has voting
         control, and (D) such other information concerning each such nominee as
         would be  required  under  the  rules of the  Securities  and  Exchange
         Commission to be included in a proxy statement  soliciting  proxies for
         the election of directors;

                                By-Laws, Page 10

<PAGE>



and such notice shall include a signed  consent by each such nominee to serve as
a director of the Corporation if elected and a written statement by such nominee
to the effect that the information about him in the notice is correct.

                  (c)  Except  as  provided  in  Section  2.5  hereof  or in the
Articles of Incorporation,  the directors shall be elected by the holders of the
common shares at each annual meeting of the  shareholders  and those persons who
receive the greatest number of votes shall be deemed elected even though they do
not  receive a  majority  of the votes  cast.  No  individual  shall be named or
elected as a director without his prior consent.

         SECTION 2.4  RESIGNATION;  REMOVAL.  A director  may resign at any time
upon delivering a written notice of resignation, signed by such director, to the
Board of Directors,  the Chairman of the Board,  the  President,  if any, or the
Secretary. Unless a later date is specified therein, such resignation shall take
effect upon delivery.  The shareholders may remove one or more directors with or
without cause. If a director is elected by a voting group, only the shareholders
of  that  voting  group  may  vote  to  remove  him.   Unless  the  Articles  of
Incorporation require a greater vote, a director may be removed if the number of
votes cast to remove him constitutes a majority of the votes entitled to be cast
at an election of directors  of the voting group or voting  groups by which such
director was elected.  A director may be removed by the  shareholders  only at a
meeting called for the purpose of removing him and the meeting notice must state
that the  purpose,  or one of the  purposes,  of the  meeting  is removal of the
director.

         SECTION 2.5 VACANCIES. A vacancy on the Board of Directors, including a
vacancy resulting from the removal of a director or an increase in the number of
directors, may be filled by (i) the shareholders, (ii) the Board of Directors or
(iii) the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining  directors though less
than a quorum of the Board of  Directors  and may, in the case of a  resignation
that will become  effective  at a specified  later  date,  be filled  before the
vacancy  occurs  but the new  director  may not take  office  until the  vacancy
occurs.


                                By-Laws, Page 11

<PAGE>



         SECTION 2.6 MEETINGS OF THE BOARD.  (a) The annual meeting of the Board
of Directors  for the purpose of electing  officers and for the  transaction  of
such other  business as may  properly  come before the meeting  shall be held as
soon as possible  following  the annual  meeting of  shareholders.  The Board of
Directors may also adopt a schedule of additional meetings which,  together with
the annual meeting  referred to in the preceding  sentence,  shall be considered
the regular meetings of the Board of Directors.  Regular meetings may be held at
such places within or without the  Commonwealth of Virginia and at such times as
the Chairman of the Board or the Board of Directors shall designate from time to
time. If no place is designated, regular meetings shall be held at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation.

                  (b) Special  meetings of the Board of Directors  may be called
by the Chairman of the Board,  the Chief Executive  Officer,  the President,  if
any, or not less than  one-third  of the  directors  then in office and shall be
held at such times and at such  places,  within or without the  Commonwealth  of
Virginia,  as the person or persons calling the meetings shall designate.  If no
such place is designated  in the notice of the meeting,  it shall be held at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation.

         SECTION 2.7   NOTICE OF MEETINGS.  (a) No notice need be given of
regular meetings of the Board of Directors.

                  (b)  Notices of  special  meetings  of the Board of  Directors
shall be given to each  director  in person or  delivered  to his  residence  or
business  address (or such other place as he may have  directed in writing)  not
less than 24 hours before the meeting by mail, messenger,  telecopier, telegraph
or other means of written  communication  or by telephoning  such notice to him.
Any such notice  shall set forth the time and place of the meeting and state the
purpose for which it is called.


                                By-Laws, Page 12

<PAGE>



         SECTION 2.8 WAIVER OF NOTICE; ATTENDANCE AT MEETING. (a) A director may
waive any notice required by law, the Articles of  Incorporation or these Bylaws
before or after the date and time stated in the notice and such waiver  shall be
equivalent to the giving of such notice.  Except as provided in paragraph (b) of
this Section, the waiver shall be in writing, signed by the director entitled to
the notice and filed with the minutes or corporate records.

                  (b) A director's  attendance at or  participation in a meeting
waives any required  notice to him of the meeting  unless the  director,  at the
beginning of the meeting or promptly  upon his  arrival,  objects to holding the
meeting or transacting  business at the meeting and does not thereafter vote for
or assent to action taken at the meeting.

         SECTION  2.9  QUORUM;  VOTING.  A majority  of the number of  directors
determined by the Board of Directors pursuant to these Bylaws shall constitute a
quorum for the  transaction  of business at a meeting of the Board of Directors.
If a quorum is present when a vote is taken,  the affirmative vote of a majority
of the directors present is the act of the Board of Directors. A director who is
present at a meeting of the Board of  Directors  or a committee  of the Board of
Directors  when  corporate  action is taken is deemed  to have  assented  to the
action taken unless (i) he objects,  at the beginning of the meeting or promptly
upon his arrival, to holding it or transacting specified business at the meeting
or (ii) he votes against or abstains from the action taken.

         SECTION 2.10 TELEPHONE PARTICIPATION. The Board of Directors may permit
any or all  directors  to  participate  in a regular or special  meeting  by, or
conduct the meeting through the use of, any means of  communication by which all
directors participating may simultaneously hear each other during the meeting. A
director  participating  in a meeting  by this  means is deemed to be present in
person at the meeting.

         SECTION 2.11 ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. Action required or permitted to be
taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors  may be taken  without a meeting if
the action is taken by all members of the Board.  The action  shall be evidenced
by one or more  written  consents  stating  the  action  taken,  signed  by each
director  either before or after the action is taken and included in the minutes
or filed with the  corporate  records.  Action taken under this section shall be
effective when the last director signs the consent

                                By-Laws, Page 13

<PAGE>



unless the  consent  specifies  a  different  effective  date in which event the
action taken is effective as of the date specified  therein provided the consent
states the date of execution by each director.

         SECTION 2.12 ORGANIZATION.  Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be
presided  over by the  Chairman  of the Board,  or in his  absence by a chairman
chosen at the meeting. The Secretary,  if present, shall act as secretary of the
meeting,  but in his absence the  chairman of the meeting may appoint any person
to act as secretary of the meeting.

         SECTION 2.13  REGULATIONS;  MANNER OF ACTING.  To the extent consistent
with applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation,  and these Bylaws, the Board
of Directors may adopt such rules and regulations for the conduct of meetings of
the Board of  Directors  and for the  management  of the  property,  affairs and
business of the Corporation as the Board of Directors may deem appropriate.

         SECTION  2.14  COMPENSATION.   The  Board  of  Directors  may  fix  the
compensation  of  directors  and may  provide  for the  payment of all  expenses
incurred  by them  in  attending  meetings  of the  Board  of  Directors  or any
Committee thereof.

         SECTION 2.15 DIRECTOR  EMERITUS.  The Board of Directors may appoint to
the position of Director  Emeritus any retiring director who has served not less
than five years as a director of the Corporation. Such person so appointed shall
have the title of "Director  Emeritus"  and shall be entitled to receive  notice
of,  and to  attend  all  meetings  of the  Board,  but  shall  not in fact be a
director, shall not be entitled to vote, and shall not be counted in determining
a quorum of the Board and shall not have any of the duties or  liabilities  of a
director under law.



                                By-Laws, Page 14

<PAGE>




                                  ARTICLE III
                            COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD

         SECTION 3.1 CONSTITUTION OF COMMITTEES.  The Board of Directors may, by
resolution  adopted by a vote of a  majority  of the  directors  then in office,
create one or more  committees and appoint  members of the Board of Directors to
serve on them. Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, each such committee
shall  consist of two or more  members who serve at the pleasure of the Board of
Directors.

         SECTION 3.2  AUTHORITY  OF  COMMITTEE.  To the extent  specified by the
Board of  Directors,  each  committee may exercise the authority of the Board of
Directors,  except that a  committee  may not (i)  approve or  recommend  to the
shareholders action that is required by law to be approved by shareholders, (ii)
fill  vacancies  on the Board of Directors  or on any of its  committees,  (iii)
amend the Articles of Incorporation,  (iv) adopt, amend, or repeal these Bylaws,
(v) approve a plan of merger not requiring shareholder approval,  (vi) authorize
or  approve a  distribution,  except  according  to a general  formula or method
prescribed by the Board of Directors or (vii)  authorize or approve the issuance
or sale or  contract  for sale of  shares,  or  determine  the  designation  and
relative  rights,  preferences,  and limitations of a class or series of shares;
provided,  however, that the Board of Directors may authorize a committee,  or a
senior executive officer of the Corporation, to do so within limits specifically
prescribed by the Board of Directors.

         SECTION 3.3 EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE.  The Board of Directors shall appoint
each year an  Executive  Committee  consisting  of not less than two  directors.
During  the  intervals  between  the  meetings  of the Board of  Directors,  the
Executive Committee shall have and may exercise, to the fullest extent permitted
by law,  all of the  powers  and  authority  of the  Board of  Directors  in the
management of the property,  affairs and business of the Corporation,  except to
the extent such powers or authority are limited by the provisions of Section 3.2
hereof.






                                By-Laws, Page 15

<PAGE>



         SECTION 3.4 AUDIT COMMITTEE.  The Board of Directors shall appoint each
year an Audit Committee consisting of not less than three members, a majority of
whom shall be non-management  unaffiliated  directors (as defined in Section 6.4
hereof).  The Audit Committee shall perform such duties as its members  consider
necessary or  desirable  properly to evaluate  and  generally  to supervise  the
Corporation's internal financial controls and accounting  procedures,  including
the following:

                  (1) recommending independent public accountants for the
         Corporation  to the Board of Directors;
                  (2)  determining  that the scope of the audit is adequate  and
         approving the audit fee;
                  (3) reviewing audit results with the Corporation's independent
         public accountants; and
                  (4)  recommending  the policy for the  scope,  frequency,  and
         method of internal audit reports and reviewing the results thereof.

         SECTION  3.5  COMPENSATION  COMMITTEE.  The  Board of  Directors  shall
appoint each year a  Compensation  Committee  consisting  of not less than three
members, a majority of whom shall be non-management  unaffiliated  directors (as
defined in Section 6.4 hereof).  The duties of the Compensation  Committee shall
include the following:

                  (1)  reviewing  current  management   compensation   programs,
         including salaries, bonuses and fringe benefits and the creation of new
         officerships;
                  (2)  reviewing  and reporting to the Board of Directors on the
         funding and adequacy of existing retirement programs,  and reporting on
         management's  recommendations on major changes to existing and creation
         of new retirement programs;
                  (3) awarding and administering pursuant to existing authority,
         the   Corporation's   stock   incentive   programs  and  reviewing  and
         recommending similar future programs, if any;
                  (4) reviewing top management organization, assisting the Chief
         Executive  Officer in  determining  that the  Corporation  has adequate
         depth and breadth of management; and
                  (5)  reviewing  the  Corporation's  programs  for  attracting,
         developing and compensating management personnel.

                                By-Laws, Page 16

<PAGE>



         SECTION 3.6  PROCEEDINGS.  The  provisions of these Bylaws which govern
meetings,  action  without  meetings,  notice and  waiver of notice,  and quorum
requirements  of the Board of Directors  shall apply to  committees of directors
and  their  members  as  well.  Subject  to  applicable  law,  the  Articles  of
Incorporation  and these  Bylaws,  each such  committee may fix its own rules of
procedure  and may meet at such place  within or  without  the  Commonwealth  of
Virginia,  at such time and upon such notice, if any, as it shall determine from
time to time.  Each such  committee  shall keep minutes of its  proceedings  and
shall,  if requested,  report such  proceedings to the Board of Directors at the
meeting of the Board of Directors next following any such proceedings.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                                    OFFICERS

         SECTION 4.1 OFFICERS  GENERALLY.  The officers of the Corporation shall
be a Chairman of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Financial Officer
and a  Secretary.  The Board of  Directors  at its  discretion  may also elect a
President,  a Chief Operating  Officer, a Treasurer,  a Controller,  one or more
Executive Vice  Presidents,  one or more Vice Presidents with such further title
or  titles as it  desires  to  confer,  and one or more  Assistant  Secretaries,
Assistant  Treasurers,  Assistant  Controllers,  and other assistant officers in
such numbers as the Board of Directors may determine.  Any number of offices may
be held by the same  person.  Except for the  Chairman of the Board,  no officer
need be a director of the Corporation.

         SECTION  4.2  ELECTION.  Officers  shall  be  elected  by the  Board of
Directors.  The Chief  Executive  Officer  may from time to time  appoint  other
officers.  Officers elected by the Board of Directors shall hold office,  unless
sooner removed, until the next annual meeting of the Board of Directors or until
their successors are elected.  Officers appointed by the Chief Executive Officer
shall hold office, unless sooner removed,  until their successors are appointed.
The  action of the Chief  Executive  Officer  in  appointing  officers  shall be
reported  to the next  regular  meeting  of the Board of  Directors  after it is
taken.  Any officer may resign at any time upon  written  notice to the Board of
Directors or the officer  appointing him and such resignation shall be effective
when notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.


                                By-Laws, Page 17

<PAGE>



         SECTION 4.3 REMOVAL OF OFFICERS.  The Board of Directors may remove any
officer at any time,  with or without  cause.  The Chief  Executive  Officer may
remove any officer he appoints at any time,  with or without cause.  Such action
shall be reported to the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors after it
is taken.  Any removal of an officer shall be without  prejudice to the right to
the recovery of damages for breach of the contract rights, if any, of the person
removed.  Election  or  appointment  of an  officer  shall not of itself  create
contract rights.

         SECTION  4.4  AUTHORITY  AND DUTIES OF  OFFICERS.  The  officers of the
Corporation shall have such authority and shall exercise such powers and perform
such  duties  as  are  customary  for  their  respective  offices  and as may be
specified in these Bylaws or as may be determined from time to time by the Board
of Directors,  except that in any event each officer shall  exercise such powers
and perform such duties as may be required by law.

         SECTION  4.5  CHAIRMAN  OF THE BOARD.  The  Chairman of the Board shall
preside at all meetings of the shareholders and directors at which he is present
and shall have general control and supervision of the policies and operations of
the  Corporation,  except  as may be  limited  by the  Board of  Directors,  the
Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws. He shall have the authority to remove
or suspend any employee or agent of the Corporation  elected or appointed by the
Board of  Directors.  The Chairman of the Board shall  perform such other duties
and have  such  other  powers as the  Board of  Directors  may from time to time
prescribe.

         SECTION 4.6 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER.  The Chief Executive Officer shall
see that all orders and  resolutions  of the Board of Directors are carried into
effect.  He shall manage and administer the  Corporation's  business and affairs
and shall also perform all duties and exercise all powers usually  pertaining to
the  office of a chief  executive  officer  of a  corporation,  except as may be
limited  by the Board of  Directors,  the  Articles  of  Incorporation  or these
Bylaws. The Chief Executive Officer may sign, execute and deliver in the name of
the  Corporation  powers  of  attorney,   contracts,   bonds,  notes,  corporate
obligations  and  other  documents.  He shall  have the  authority  to cause the
employment or appointment of such employees and agents of the Corporation (other
than those  elected by the Board of Directors) as the conduct of the business of
the Corporation may require, to fix their compensation, and to remove or suspend
any employee or agent appointed by the Chief Executive Officer.

                                By-Laws, Page 18

<PAGE>




         SECTION 4.7 CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER.  The Chief Financial Officer shall
have  charge of and be  responsible  for all  securities,  funds,  receipts  and
disbursements of the Corporation, and shall deposit or cause to be deposited, in
the name of the Corporation, all monies or valuable effects in such banks, trust
companies or other  depositories as shall,  from time to time, be selected by or
under authority granted by the Board of Directors;  he shall be custodian of the
financial records of the Corporation; he shall keep or cause to be kept full and
accurate records of all receipts and  disbursements of the Corporation and shall
render to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President,
if any,  and the Board of  Directors,  whenever  requested,  an  account  of the
financial  condition of the Corporation;  and he shall perform such other duties
as may be  assigned  to him by the  Chief  Executive  Officer  or the  Board  of
Directors.

         SECTION 4.8 SECRETARY.  The Secretary,  subject to the direction of the
Chief Executive  Officer,  shall have general  responsibility for and custody of
the minutes of all  meetings of the  shareholders  and of the Board of Directors
and  of  all  committees   appointed  by  the  Board.   He  shall  have  general
responsibility  for and custody of the corporate seal, the transfer  books,  and
other records and documents of the corporation not pertaining to the performance
of  duties  vested  in other  officers.  He shall  cause  notice  to be given of
meetings  of  shareholders,  of the Board of  Directors,  and of all  committees
appointed by the Board of Directors.  He shall perform such other duties as from
time to time may be assigned to him by the Chairman of the Board or the Board of
Directors or as may be required by law.

         SECTION 4.9 VOTING SECURITIES OF OTHER  CORPORATIONS.  Unless otherwise
provided by the Board of  Directors,  any one of the Chairman of the Board,  the
Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary
shall have the power (and may appoint from time to time any other person) to act
for and vote on behalf of the Corporation at all meetings of the shareholders of
any corporation in which the  Corporation  holds stock or in connection with the
consent of the shareholders in lieu of any such meeting.

         SECTION 4.10 BONDS.  The Board of Directors may require that any or all
officers,  employees and agents of the Corporation give bond to the Corporation,
with  sufficient  sureties,  conditioned  upon the faithful  performance  of the
duties of their respective offices or positions.

                                By-Laws, Page 19

<PAGE>




                                   ARTICLE V
                                 CAPITAL STOCK

         SECTION 5.1 FORM. Shares of the Corporation  shall, when fully paid, be
evidenced by certificates  containing such information as is required by law and
approved by the Board of Directors.  Certificates  for stock of the  Corporation
shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive  Officer,  the
President or a Vice President and by the Secretary or an Assistant  Secretary of
the  Corporation.  Any  or all of the  signatures  on the  certificate  may be a
facsimile.  In case any officer,  transfer  agent or registrar who has signed or
whose facsimile  signature has been placed upon a certificate  shall have ceased
to be such  officer,  transfer  agent or registrar  before such  certificate  is
issued,  it may be issued by the Corporation  with the same effect as if he were
such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

         SECTION 5.2  TRANSFER  AGENTS AND  REGISTRARS.  The Board of  Directors
shall have power to appoint one or more transfer  agents or  registrars  for the
transfer and registration of certificates of stock of any class, and may require
that such stock  certificates be countersigned  and registered by one or more of
such transfer agents or registrars.

         SECTION 5.3  TRANSFERS.  Upon  surrender to the  Corporation  or to the
transfer agent or registrar of a certificate  for shares endorsed or accompanied
by a written assignment signed by the holder of record or by his duly authorized
attorney-in-fact,  it shall be the duty of the Corporation or its duly appointed
transfer agent or registrar,  to issue a new  certificate to the person entitled
thereto,  to cancel the old  certificate,  and to record the  transaction on the
books of the Corporation.

         SECTION 5.4  RESTRICTIONS  ON  TRANSFER.  A lawful  restriction  on the
transfer or registration of transfer of shares is valid and enforceable  against
the holder or a transferee  of the holder if the  restriction  complies with the
requirements  of law and its  existence is noted  conspicuously  on the front or
back of the certificate  representing the shares. Unless so noted, a restriction
is not enforceable against a person without knowledge of the restriction.


                                By-Laws, Page 20

<PAGE>



         SECTION 5.5 LOST  CERTIFICATES.  The  Corporation may issue a new stock
certificate in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to
have been lost,  stolen or destroyed,  and the Corporation may require the owner
of the lost, stolen or destroyed  certificate,  or his legal representative,  to
give the Corporation a bond (or such other agreement, undertaking or security as
the  Corporation  shall  determine is  appropriate)  sufficient  to indemnify it
against any claim that may be made  against it on account of the  alleged  loss,
theft  or  destruction  of any  such  certificate  or the  issuance  of such new
certificate.

         SECTION  5.6 HOLDER OF RECORD.  The  Corporation  shall be  entitled to
treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the holder thereof
in fact,  and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or
interest in such shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall
have express or other notice thereof,  except as otherwise specifically provided
by law.

                                   ARTICLE VI
                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

         SECTION 6.1 FISCAL YEAR. The Board of Directors shall have power to fix
and to change the fiscal year of the Corporation. Unless otherwise determined by
the Board, the Corporation's fiscal year shall be the 52 or 53 week period which
ends on the Sunday nearest to April 30.

         SECTION  6.2  SEAL.  The  corporate  seal  shall  have  the name of the
Corporation and the word "seal" inscribed thereon, and may be engraved, printed,
impressed or drawn in facsimile upon any document where appropriate.

         SECTION 6.3 EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS. The Chairman of the Board and the
Chief Executive  Officer each may enter into any contract or execute and deliver
any  instrument  in the name and on  behalf  of the  Corporation.  The  Board of
Directors,  the  Chairman  of the  Board  or the  Chief  Executive  Officer  may
authorize  any other  officer,  employee or agent to enter into any  contract or
execute and deliver any instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation.
Any such  authorization  may be  general or limited  to  specific  contracts  or
instruments.


                                By-Laws, Page 21

<PAGE>


         SECTION  6.4  CONSTRUCTION.  In the event of any  conflict  between the
provisions of these Bylaws as in effect from time to time and the  provisions of
the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation as in effect from time to time,
the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation shall be controlling. As used in
these Bylaws,  the term "Articles of  Incorporation"  shall mean the articles of
incorporation  of the Corporation  filed with the State  Corporation  Commission
pursuant to ss.13.1-618 of the Virginia Stock  Corporation  Act, as amended from
time to time. As used herein,  unless the context  otherwise  requires:  (i) the
terms  defined  herein shall have the meaning set forth herein for all purposes;
(ii) the terms "include,"  "includes," and "including" are deemed to be followed
by "without  limitation"  whether or not they are in fact followed by such words
or words of like import;  (iii) "writing,"  "written" and comparable terms refer
to  printing,  typing,  handwriting  and other means of  reproducing  words in a
visible form; (iv) "hereof," "herein," "hereunder" and comparable terms refer to
the entirety of these Bylaws and not to any particular article, section or other
subdivision  hereof;  and (v) references to any gender include references to all
genders,  and  references to the singular  include  references to the plural and
vice  versa.  As used in these  Bylaws,  the term  "non-management  unaffiliated
director" means a director who (i) is not a full-time officer or employee of the
Corporation or a former full-time officer or employee of the Corporation who has
a consulting  arrangement with the  Corporation;  (ii) is not related (by blood,
marriage or adoption,  not more remote than first cousin) to any other director,
or to any officer of the  Corporation or any of its  subsidiaries;  and (iii) is
not an owner of more than 5% of equity  interest in any entity engaged in one or
more transactions with the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries  involving (a)
payments  in excess of 5% of the  lesser of the  entity's  or the  Corporation's
consolidated   revenues,  or  (b)  loans  to  the  Corporation  or  any  of  its
subsidiaries  exceeding  5% of the  lesser  of the  consolidated  assets  of the
Corporation or the lender.

         SECTION 6.5  AMENDMENTS.  These Bylaws may be amended or repealed,  and
new  Bylaws  may be made,  at any  regular  or  special  meeting of the Board of
Directors.  Bylaws made by the Board of Directors may be repealed or changed and
new Bylaws may be made by the  shareholders,  and the shareholders may prescribe
that any Bylaw made by them shall not be  altered,  amended or  repealed  by the
Board of Directors.




                                By-Laws, Page 22



                                                             EXHIBIT 4.5

                                                                  CONFORMED COPY



                                 AMENDMENT NO. 2

            AMENDMENT NO. 2 dated as of August 26, 1998 among SMITHFIELD FOODS,
INC., a corporation duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the
State of Virginia (the "Borrower"); the SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS party hereto (the
"Subsidiary Guarantors"); the LENDERS party hereto (the "Lenders"); and THE
CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, as agent for the Lenders (in such capacity, the
"Administrative Agent").

            The parties hereto are parties to a Credit Agreement dated as of
July 15, 1997 (as amended to and in effect on the date hereof, the "Credit
Agreement"). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the
meanings given them in the Credit Agreement. The parties wish to amend certain
definitions and financial covenants in the Credit Agreement.

            Section 1. Amendments. Subject to the execution and delivery hereof
by the Borrower, the Subsidiary Guarantors, the Required Lenders and the
Administrative Agent, but effective as of May 3, 1998, the Credit Agreement is
hereby amended as follows:

            A.  General.  All references in the Credit Agreement to the
Credit Agreement (including indirect references) shall be deemed to be
references to the Credit Agreement as amended hereby.

            B. New Definitions.  Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement shall
be amended by adding the following new definitions in the appropriate
alphabetical locations:

            "Consolidated EBIT" means, for any period, an amount equal to (a)
      the sum for such period of (i) Consolidated Net Income, (ii) to the extent
      subtracted in determining such Consolidated Net Income, provisions for (x)
      taxes based on income and (y) Consolidated Interest Expense minus (b) any
      items of gain (or plus any items of loss) which were included in
      determining such Consolidated Net Income and were not realized in the
      ordinary course of business.

            "Current Inventory" means, as at any date with respect to any
      Person, all Inventory (i) that is owned by (and in the possession or under
      the control of) such Person as at such date, (ii) that is not subject to
      any Lien, (iii) that meets all standards imposed by any governmental
      agency or department or division thereof having regulatory authority over
      such inventory, its use or sale, (iv) for which such Person has made full
      and final payment and (v) that is currently usable in the manufacturing
      process or saleable in the normal course of such Person's business without
      any notice to, or consent of, any governmental agency or department or
      division thereof (excluding however, except to the extent that the
      Required Lenders otherwise agree with respect to any specific customer or
      third-party processor, any such Inventory that has been shipped to a
      customer of such Person, including third-party processors, even if on a
      consignment or "sale or return" basis, and excluding repair and
      replacement parts for machinery and equipment). Notwithstanding anything
      in clause (v) of the foregoing sentence to the contrary (but subject to
      clauses (i) through (iv) of the foregoing sentence), Current Inventory
      shall include but not be limited to all barrows, gilts, boars, sows,
      feeder pigs, suckling pigs, nursery pigs and commercial sows and boars,
      multiplier hogs, nucleus hogs and other hogs (collectively, "Hogs") at the
      time of determination owned and being raised at facilities owned by such
      Person or at facilities subject to an exclusive contract with such Person
      (i.e., the operator of such facility has no similar contract with any
      other Person) for the feeding and raising of Hogs.

            "Current Receivables" means, as at any date with respect to any
      Person, the aggregate amount of all accounts (as defined in the Uniform
      Commercial Code) of such Person arising from the sale by such Person of
      Inventory in the ordinary course of its business and which accounts are
      not subject to any Lien, other than the following accounts (determined
      without duplication):

                  (a)  any account not payable in a currency freely
            convertible into Dollars,

                  (b) any account that is not paid within 60 days after the date
            of the invoice for the related inventory,

                  (c) any account owing from a subsidiary or Affiliate of such
            Person,

                  (d) any account owing from an account debtor that is insolvent
            or the subject of a bankruptcy case,

                  (e) any account that is more than 28 days past due,

                  (f) all accounts of any account debtor if more than 20% of the
            aggregate amount of the accounts owing from such account debtor are
            more than 28 days past due,

                  (g) all accounts owing from any account debtor if the accounts
            owing from such account debtor and its Affiliates at the time exceed
            10% of all accounts then payable to the Obligors,

                  (h) any account as to which there is any unresolved dispute
            with the respective account debtor (but only to the extent of the
            amount thereof in dispute),

                  (i) any account representing an obligation for goods sold on
            consignment, approval or a sale-or-return basis or subject to any
            other repurchase, return or offset arrangement,

                  (j) any amount as to which there is an offsetting liability
            from the Borrower, any Subsidiary or any Affiliate of the Borrower
            (but only to the extent of the amount of such offsetting liability),
            and

                  (k) all amounts reserved by any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the
            Borrower related to advertising and promotional programs for the
            respective account debtor (excluding general promotional reserves
            that are not reserved on a specific account basis).

            C. Amended Definitions. The definition of "Consolidated Fixed
Charges" in Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement shall be deleted, and Section
1.01 of the Credit Agreement shall be amended by amending the following
definitions to read in their entirety as follows:

            "Aggregate Consideration" means, in connection with any Acquisition,
      an amount equal to (a) the aggregate consideration, in whatever form
      (including, without limitation, cash payments, the principal amount of
      promissory notes given by the Borrower or any Subsidiary Guarantor and
      Indebtedness assumed by the Borrower or any Subsidiary Guarantor in
      connection with such Acquisition or Indebtedness for which the Borrower or
      any Subsidiary Guarantor becomes liable, as maker, guarantor or otherwise,
      in connection with such Acquisition, the aggregate amount payable to
      acquire, extend and exercise any option, the aggregate amount payable
      under non-competition agreements and management agreements, and the fair
      market value of other property delivered, but excluding consideration in
      the form of common stock of the Borrower) paid, delivered or assumed by
      the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such Acquisition minus (b) the sum
      of (i) the amount, if any, of any increase in the Consolidated Borrowing
      Base resulting from such Acquisition on the date of the Consummation
      thereof and (ii) to the extent not included in the foregoing clause (i),
      an amount equal to 75% of the aggregate amount of Current Inventory and
      Current Receivables acquired by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in
      connection with such Acquisition.

            "Capital Expenditures" means, with respect to any Person, for any
      period, all expenditures made and liabilities incurred during such period
      for the acquisition of assets (including any replacement in the ordinary
      course of business without reduction for sales, retirements or
      replacements) which are not, in accordance with GAAP, treated as expense
      items for such Person in the year made or incurred or as a prepaid expense
      applicable to a future year or years, and shall include all Capital Lease
      Obligations, but shall not include expenditures made or liabilities
      incurred during such period for Acquisitions or (except as provided in the
      last sentence of this definition) Investments. The amount of Capital
      Expenditures in any period shall be calculated without duplication in
      accordance with GAAP. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to the
      acquisition of replacement sows by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries
      in the ordinary course of business, the amount included in Capital
      Expenditures shall be the acquisition cost of such sows, reduced by the
      proceeds received by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries from the sale
      of the replaced sows. For purposes of Section 6.12(f) hereof, "Capital
      Expenditures" shall also include expenditures for Investments of the type
      specified in sections (e) and (f) of the definition of Permitted
      Investments.

            "Permitted Investments" means:

                  (a) direct obligations of, or obligations the principal of and
            interest on which are unconditionally guaranteed by, the United
            States of America (or by any agency thereof to the extent such
            obligations are backed by the full faith and credit of the United
            States of America), in each case maturing within one year from the
            date of acquisition thereof;

                  (b) investments in commercial paper maturing within 270 days
            from the date of acquisition thereof and having, at such date of
            acquisition, the highest credit rating obtainable from S&P or from
            Moody's;

                  (c) investments in certificates of deposit, banker's
            acceptances and time deposits maturing within 180 days from the date
            of acquisition thereof issued or guaranteed by or placed with, and
            money market deposit accounts issued or offered by, any domestic
            office of any commercial bank organized under the laws of the United
            States of America or any State thereof which has a combined capital
            and surplus and undivided profits of not less than $500,000,000;

                  (d) fully collateralized repurchase agreements with a term of
            not more than 30 days for securities described in clause (a) above
            and entered into with a financial institution satisfying the
            criteria described in clause (c) above;

                  (e) subject to the limitations of Section 6.12(f), the common
            stock of the Borrower; and

                  (f) subject to the limitations of Section 6.12(f), capital
            stock of corporations in similar or related businesses to that of
            the Borrower and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and
            the American Stock Exchange.

            D. Additional Representation. Article III of the Credit Agreement
shall be amended by adding new Section 3.16, to read as follows:

            SECTION 3.16 Year 2000. Any reprogramming required to permit the
      proper functioning, prior to, in and following the year 2000, of (i) the
      Borrower's computer systems and (ii) equipment containing embedded
      microchips (including systems and equipment supplied by others or with
      which the Borrower's systems interface) and the testing of all such
      systems and equipment, as so reprogrammed, will be completed by September
      30, 1999, such that any effect of the year 2000 will not be a Material
      Adverse Effect. The cost to the Borrower of such reprogramming and testing
      and of the reasonably foreseeable consequences of year 2000 to the
      Borrower (including, without limitation, reprogramming errors and the
      failure of others' systems or equipment) will not result in a Default or a
      Material Adverse Effect.

            E. Amended Covenant. Section 6.12(e) of the Credit Agreement shall
be amended to read in its entirety as follows:

            (e) The Borrower will not permit the ratio of Consolidated EBIT to
      Consolidated Interest Expense for any period of four consecutive fiscal
      quarters of the Borrower to be less than 2.5 to 1.

            F. Additional Reporting Covenant. Section 5.01 of the Credit
Agreement shall be amended by deleting "and" from the end of subsection (g)
thereof, replacing the period at the end of subsection (h) thereof with "; and"
and adding a new clause, to read as follows:

            (i)  on or prior to each September 1 and April 1 beginning on or
      prior to September 1, 1998, a written report, in form and substance
      reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders,
      describing the status of the Borrower's compliance with Section 6.14.

            G. Amended Reporting Covenant. Section 5.01(g) of the Credit
Agreement shall be amended to read in its entirety as follows:

            (g) as soon as available after the end of each fiscal year of the
      Borrower, a report (prepared at the expense of the Borrower) of an
      independent collateral auditor (which may be, or be affiliated with, one
      of the Lenders) approved by the Administrative Agent with respect to the
      Receivables and Inventory components included in the Consolidated
      Borrowing Base which report shall indicate that, based upon a review by
      such auditors of the Receivables (including, without limitation,
      verification with respect to the amount, aging, identity and credit of the
      respective account debtors and the billing practices of the Borrower and
      its Subsidiaries) and Inventory (including, without limitation,
      verification as to the value, location and respective types), the
      information set forth in the Borrowing Base Certificate then most recently
      received by the Administrative Agent hereunder is accurate and complete in
      all material respects;

            H. Additional Negative Covenant. Article VI of the Credit Agreement
shall be amended by adding new Section 6.14, to read as follows:

            6.14 Year 2000 Compliance. The Borrower will assure that (a) any
      reprogramming required to permit the property functioning, prior to, in
      and following the year 2000, of (i) the Borrower's computer systems and
      (ii) equipment containing embedded microchips (including systems and
      equipment supplied by others or with which the Borrower's systems
      interface) and the testing of all such systems and equipment, as so
      reprogrammed, will be completed by September 30, 1999, such that any
      effect of the year 2000 will not be a Material Adverse Effect.


            Section 2.  Representations and Warranties.  The Borrower hereby
represents and warrants to the Lenders and the Administrative Agent that the
representations and warranties set forth in Article III of the Credit
Agreement (as amended by this Amendment No. 2) are on the date hereof true
and complete as if made on and as of such date and as if each reference in
such representations and warranties to the Credit Agreement included
reference to such agreement as amended by this Amendment No.  2.

            Section 3.  Miscellaneous.  Except as herein provided, the Credit
Agreement shall remain unchanged and in full force and effect.  This
Amendment No. 2 may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which
taken together shall constitute one and the same amendatory instrument and
any of the parties hereto may execute this Amendment No. 2 by signing any
such counterpart and sending the same by telecopier, mail messenger or
courier to the Administrative Agent or counsel to the Administrative Agent.
This Amendment No. 2 shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with,
the law of the State of New York.

            IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment
No. 2 to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

                                    SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.

                                    By /s/Aaron D. Trub
                                    -----------------------------
                                         Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                         Title: Vice President
                                               Chief Financial Officer
                                               Secretary

                                    THE SMITHFIELD PACKING COMPANY,
                                    INCORPORATED

                                    By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                        Title: Secretary and Treasurer

                                    GWALTNEY OF SMITHFIELD, LTD.

                                    By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                        Title: Secretary and Treasurer

                                    PATRICK CUDAHY INCORPORATED

                                     By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                     ------------------------------
                                         Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                         Title: Secretary and Treasurer

                                    JOHN MORRELL & CO.

                                    By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                    -------------------------------
                                        Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                        Title: Secretary and Treasurer

                                    LYKES MEAT GROUP, INC.

                                    By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                        Title: Secretary and Treasurer

                                    BROWN'S OF CAROLINA, INC.

                                     By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                     -----------------------------
                                         Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                         Title: Secretary and Treasurer

                                    HANCOCK'S OLD FASHIONED COUNTRY
                                      HAMS, INC.

                                    By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                        Title: Secretary and Treasurer


                                    VALLEYDALE FOODS, INC.

                                    By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                        Title: Secretary and Treasurer

                                    COPAZ PACKING CORPORATION

                                    By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                        Title: Secretary and Treasurer

                                    SUNNYLAND, INC.

                                    By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                        Title: Secretary and Treasurer

                                    SMITHFIELD PACKING-LANDOVER, INC.

                                    By/s/Aaron D. Trub
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Aaron D. Trub
                                        Title: Secretary and Treasurer

                                    THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK,
                                      individually and as
                                      Administrative Agent

                                    By/s/Gary L. Spevak
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Gary L. Spevak
                                        Title: Vice President


                                    COOPERATIEVE CENTRALE RAIFFEISEN -
                                    BOERENLEENBANK B.A. "RABOBANK
                                    NEDERLAND", NEW YORK BRANCH

                                    By/s/Dana W. Hemenway
                                    -----------------------------
                                        Name: Dana W. Hemenway
                                        Title: Vice President

                                    By/s/W. Pieter C. Kodde
                                    -----------------------------
                                        Name: W. Pieter C. Kodde
                                        Title: Vice President


                                    AGRIBANK, FCB

                                    By/s/J. Hathaway
                                    -----------------------------
                                        Name: J. Hathaway
                                        Title: Director


                                    CREDIT AGRICOLE INDOSUEZ

                                    By/s/David Bouhl
                                    -----------------------------
                                        Name: David Bouhl
                                        Title: First Vice President

                                    By/s/W. Leroy Startz
                                    -----------------------------
                                        Name: W. Leroy Startz
                                        Title: First Vice President


                                    DG BANK, DEUTSCHE
                                     GENOSSENSCHAFTSBANK,
                                     CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH

                                    By/s/Kurt A. Morris
                                    -----------------------------
                                        Name: Kurt A. Morris
                                        Title: Vice President

                                    By/s/Bobby Ryan Oliver, Jr.
                                    -----------------------------
                                        Name: Bobby Ryan Oliver, Jr.
                                        Title: Vice President

                                    NATIONSBANK, N.A.

                                    By/s/Barry P. Sullivan
                                    -----------------------------
                                    Name: Barry P. Sullivan
                                        Title: Vice President

                                    U.S. Bancorp Ag Credit, Inc.
                                    (f/k/a FBS AG CREDIT, INC.)

                                    By/s/Stephan A. McWilliams
                                    -----------------------------
                                        Name: Stephan A. McWilliams
                                        Title: Vice President


                                    SUNTRUST BANK, ATLANTA

                                    By/s/Robert V. Honeycutt
                                    -----------------------------
                                        Name: Robert V. Honeycutt
                                        Title: Vice President

                                    By/s/Gregory L. Cannon
                                    -----------------------------
                                        Name: Gregory L. Cannon
                                        Title: Vice President


                                    THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI, LTD.

                                       By
                                      Name:
                                     Title:

                                    DRESDNER BANK AG

                                    By/s/Thomas A. Esposito
                                    ------------------------------
        `                               Name: Thomas A. Esposito
                                        Title: Assistant Treasurer

                                    By/s/A.R. Morris
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: A. Richard Morris
                                        Title: First Vice President

                                    FARM CREDIT SERVICES OF THE MIDLANDS, PCA

                                    By/s/James R. Knuth
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: James R. Knuth
                                        Title: Vice President

                                    HARRIS TRUST AND SAVINGS BANK


                                    By/s/Greg Hennenfent
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Greg Hennenfent
                                        Title: Vice President


<PAGE>



                                    SANWA BANK LIMITED

                                    By/s/Dominic J. Sorresso
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Dominic J. Sorresso
                                        Title: Vice President


                                    THE SUMITOMO BANK, LIMITED,
                                      NEW YORK BRANCH

                                    By/s/Suresh S. Tata
                                    ------------------------------
                                        Name: Suresh S. Tata
                                        Title: Senior Vice President


<TABLE> <S> <C>


<ARTICLE> 5
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000
       
<S>                             <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE>                   3-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END>                          MAY-02-1999
<PERIOD-END>                               AUG-02-1998
<CASH>                                          37,944
<SECURITIES>                                         0
<RECEIVABLES>                                  179,792
<ALLOWANCES>                                     1,801
<INVENTORY>                                    294,938
<CURRENT-ASSETS>                               547,197
<PP&E>                                         820,214
<DEPRECIATION>                                 245,395
<TOTAL-ASSETS>                               1,233,836
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES>                          269,023
<BONDS>                                        539,144
                                0
                                          0
<COMMON>                                        18,769
<OTHER-SE>                                     337,166
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY>                 1,233,836
<SALES>                                        865,823
<TOTAL-REVENUES>                               865,823
<CGS>                                          793,046
<TOTAL-COSTS>                                  793,046
<OTHER-EXPENSES>                                     0
<LOSS-PROVISION>                                     0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE>                               9,706
<INCOME-PRETAX>                                (7,865)
<INCOME-TAX>                                   (2,540)
<INCOME-CONTINUING>                            (5,325)
<DISCONTINUED>                                       0
<EXTRAORDINARY>                                      0
<CHANGES>                                            0
<NET-INCOME>                                   (5,325)
<EPS-PRIMARY>                                   (0.14)
<EPS-DILUTED>                                   (0.14)
        


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