INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKSHARES INC
8-A12G, 1998-04-30
NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANKS
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                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549
                                   -----------

                                    FORM 8-A

                FOR REGISTRATION OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF SECURITIES
                    PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE
                         SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


                     INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKSHARES, INC.
             (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


                Virginia                                 54-1696103
(State of Incorporation or Organization)    (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


       111 West Washington Street
          Middleburg, Virginia                             20117
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)                 (Zip Code)

If   this   form   relates   to   the      If   this   form   relates   to   the
registration of a class of securities      registration of a class of securities
pursuant  to  Section  12(b)  of  the      pursuant  to  Section  12(g)  of  the
Exchange   Act   and   is   effective      Exchange   Act   and   is   effective
pursuant   to   General   Instruction      pursuant   to   General   Instruction
A.(c),  please  check  the  following      A.(d),  please  check  the  following
box. [ ]                                   box. [X]                           


Securities Act registration statement file number to which this form relates:

                                                        n/a      (If applicable)
                                                  --------------

Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

       Title of Each Class                      Name of Each Exchange on Which
       to be so Registered                      Each Class is to be Registered

               none                                          none


Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

                     Common Stock, par value $5.00 per share
                                (Title of Class)



<PAGE>

                 INFORMATION REQUIRED IN REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Item 1.      Description of Registrant's Securities to be Registered.

         The  following  summary   description  of  the  capital  stock  of  the
Registrant is qualified in its entirety by reference to applicable provisions of
Virginia law and the Registrant's  Articles of Incorporation  and Bylaws,  which
are exhibits to this registration statement.

Common Stock

         Authorized  Common Stock.  The  Registrant's  Articles of Incorporation
authorize the issuance of 10,000,000  shares of the  Registrant's  common stock,
par value $5.00 per share (the  "Common  Stock"),  without  further  shareholder
approval.  The  Registrant's  Articles of  Incorporation  do not  authorize  the
issuance of shares of preferred stock.

         Dividend  Rights.  Holders  of Common  Stock are  entitled  to  receive
dividends when and as declared by the Registrant's Board of Directors from funds
legally available for the payment of dividends.

         Voting Rights. The holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per
share on all  matters  submitted  to a vote of  shareholders.  Holders of Common
Stock are not entitled to cumulative voting rights.  Therefore, the holders of a
majority of the shares voted in the  election of directors  can elect all of the
directors then standing for election  subject to the rights of preferred  stock,
if and when issued.

         Liquidation Rights. Upon any liquidation,  dissolution or winding up of
the affairs of the  Registrant,  holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive
pro rata all of the  assets of the  Registrant  available  for  distribution  to
shareholders.

         Preemptive,  Conversion and Redemption Rights.  Holders of Common Stock
have no  preemptive  or other  preferential  rights to purchase or  subscribe to
shares of Common  Stock,  and there are no  conversion  rights or  redemption or
sinking fund provisions with respect to the Common Stock.

Size and Classification of Board of Directors

         The Registrant's Bylaws provide for a board of directors  consisting of
14 individuals.  Directors are elected  annually to serve until their successors
are elected and qualified.

Vacancies and Removal of Directors

         Under the Registrant's  Articles of Incorporation,  vacancies occurring
in the  Board  of  Directors,  including  vacancies  created  by  newly  created
directorships  resulting  from an  increase in the number of  directors,  may be
filled only by the  affirmative  vote of a majority of the  remaining  directors
then in office, even if less than a quorum, until the next election of directors
by  shareholders.  The  Registrant's  Articles  of  Incorporation  allow for the
removal of directors from office,  with or without cause, if at least 75% of the
votes cast are cast in favor of removal. 



                                      -2-
<PAGE>

Shareholders of the Registrant may not call a special meeting for the purpose of
removing a director.

Director Liability and Indemnification

         The Virginia Stock  Corporation  Act (the "Virginia SCA") provides that
in any  proceeding  brought by or in the right of a corporation or brought by or
on behalf of shareholders of the  corporation,  the damages  assessed against an
officer or director arising out of a single transaction, occurrence or course of
conduct  may not exceed the lesser of (1) the  monetary  amount,  including  the
elimination  of  liability,  specified in the articles of  incorporation  or, if
approved by the shareholders, in the bylaws as a limitation on or elimination of
the  liability  of the officer or director or (2) the greater of (a) $100,000 or
(b) the amount of cash compensation received by the officer or director from the
corporation during the 12 months  immediately  preceding the act or omission for
which  liability  was  imposed.  The  liability of an officer or director is not
limited under the Virginia SCA or a corporation's  articles of incorporation and
bylaws if the officer or  director  engaged in willful  misconduct  or a knowing
violation of the criminal law or of any federal or state securities law.

         The Registrant's  Articles of  Incorporation  provide that, to the full
extent that Virginia law permits the  limitation or elimination of the liability
of directors  and  officers,  they will not be liable to the  Registrant  or its
shareholders for any money damages in excess of one dollar.

         To the full extent permitted by Virginia law, the Registrant's Articles
of  Incorporation  require  it to  indemnify  any  director  or  officer  of the
Registrant who is made a party to any proceeding because he is or was a director
or  officer  of the  Registrant  against  any  liability,  including  reasonable
expenses  and legal fees,  incurred in the  proceeding.  Under the  Registrant's
Articles  of   Incorporation,   "proceeding"   is  broadly  defined  to  include
threatened,  pending or completed actions of all types,  including actions by or
in the right of the Registrant. Similarly, "liability" is defined to include not
only judgments, but also settlements, penalties, fines and certain excise taxes.
The Registrant's Articles of Incorporation also provide that the Registrant may,
but is not obligated to, indemnify its other employees or agents. The Registrant
must  indemnify  any person who is or was serving at the written  request of the
Registrant  as a director,  officer,  employee or agent of another  corporation,
partnership,  joint  venture,  trust or  other  enterprise,  to the full  extent
permitted  by Virginia  law.  The  indemnification  provisions  also require the
Registrant to pay reasonable  expenses  incurred by a director or officer of the
Registrant  in a  proceeding  in  advance of the final  disposition  of any such
proceeding,  provided  that the  indemnified  person  undertakes  to  repay  the
Registrant if it is ultimately  determined  that such person was not entitled to
indemnification.  Virginia law does not permit  indemnification  against willful
misconduct or a knowing violation of the criminal law.

         The rights of indemnification  provided in the Registrant's Articles of
Incorporation  are not exclusive of any other rights that may be available under
any  insurance or other  agreement,  by vote of  shareholders  or  disinterested
directors or otherwise. In addition, the Articles of Incorporation authorize the
Registrant  to  maintain  insurance  on  behalf  of any  person  who is or was a
director,  officer,  employee  or agent of the  Registrant,  whether  or not the
Registrant would have the power to provide  indemnification  to such person. The
rights of  indemnification  provided to directors could reduce the likelihood of
shareholder  derivative  actions and may  discourage  other  third party  claims
against the  directors,  even if such actions  otherwise  would be beneficial to
shareholders.


                                      -3-
<PAGE>

         Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the  "Securities  Act"), may be permitted to directors,
officers  or  persons  controlling  the  Registrant  pursuant  to the  foregoing
provisions,  the  Registrant  has been  informed  that,  in the  opinion  of the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"),  such  indemnification is
against  public  policy as  expressed  in the  Securities  Act and is  therefore
unenforceable.

Special Meetings of Shareholders

         The  Registrant's  Bylaws provide that special meetings of shareholders
may be held  whenever  called by the  President  or the Chairman of the Board of
Directors or by the Board of Directors itself, which means that the shareholders
of the Registrant do not have the right to call special meetings.

Director Nominations and Shareholder Proposals

         Under the Registrant's Bylaws,  notice of a proposed nomination for any
meeting of  shareholders  called for the election of  directors,  or notice of a
shareholder  proposal for an annual meeting of shareholders  fulfilling  certain
specified requirements,  must be received by the Registrant not less than 60 nor
more than 90 days prior to any meeting of  shareholders  called for the election
of  directors,  provided in each case that, if fewer than 70 days' notice of the
meeting is given to shareholders, such written notice must be received not later
than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which notice of
the meeting was mailed to shareholders.

         The Registrant's Bylaws require that the shareholder's notice set forth
as to each nominee (i) the name, age,  business address and residence address of
such nominee, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of such nominee, (iii)
the class and number of shares that are beneficially owned by such nominee,  and
(iv) any other  information  relating to such  nominee  that is  required  under
federal  securities  laws to be  disclosed in  solicitations  of proxies for the
election of directors, or is otherwise required (including,  without limitation,
such nominee's  written  consent to being named in a proxy  statement as nominee
and to  serving as a director  if  elected).  The  Registrant's  Bylaws  further
require that the shareholder's notice set forth as to the shareholder giving the
notice  (i) the name and  address  of such  shareholder  and (ii) the  class and
amount of such shareholder's  beneficial  ownership of the Registrant's  capital
stock.  If the  information  supplied by the  shareholder  is  deficient  in any
material aspect or if the foregoing  procedure is not followed,  the chairman of
the meeting  may  determine  that such  shareholder's  nomination  should not be
brought before the meeting, and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.

         The advance  notice  procedure of the  Registrant's  Bylaws affords the
Board of  Directors  the  opportunity  to  consider  the  qualifications  of the
proposed nominees and to inform shareholders about such qualifications. Although
such  procedure  does not give the Board of  Directors  any power to  approve or
disapprove of shareholder nominations for election of directors, it may have the
effect of  precluding  surprise  nominations  and a contest for the  election of
directors if such procedure established by it is not followed. Furthermore, such
procedure may  discourage or deter a third party from  conducting a solicitation
of proxies to elect its own slate of directors.

         The Registrant's  Bylaws require that the  shareholder's  notice of any
shareholder  proposal to be presented at an annual meeting of shareholders  must
set forth as to each such  shareholder  proposal (a) a brief  description of the
business  desired to be brought  before the annual  meeting  and the reasons for
conducting  such business at the annual  meeting,  (b) the name and address,  as



                                      -4-
<PAGE>

they  appear  on the  Registrant's  books,  of the  shareholder  proposing  such
business,  (c) the  class  and  number  of  shares  of the  Registrant  that are
beneficially  owned by the  shareholder  and (d) any  material  interest of such
shareholder  in such  proposal.  If the  information  supplied by shareholder is
deficient in any material aspect or if the foregoing  procedure is not followed,
the  chairman  of the  annual  meeting  may  determine  that such  shareholder's
business should not be brought before the annual meeting, and the business shall
not be transacted.

         The procedures regarding  shareholder proposals and nominations provide
the Board of Directors with the information that will be necessary to evaluate a
shareholder  proposal or  nomination  and other  relevant  information,  such as
existing  shareholder  support,  as well as the time  necessary  to consider and
evaluate such information in advance of the applicable  meeting.  The procedures
also  give  incumbent  directors  advance  notice  of  a  business  proposal  or
nomination. This notice may make it easier for the incumbent directors to defeat
a shareholder  proposal or nomination,  even when certain shareholders view such
proposal  or  nomination  as in the  best  interests  of the  Registrant  or its
shareholders.  The  Registrant's  Articles  of  Incorporation  and Bylaws do not
prevent  shareholders  from making  proposals under the  Commission's  rules and
regulations.

Amendment of Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws

         The Virginia SCA provides that an amendment to a corporation's articles
of  incorporation  must be approved by each voting group entitled to vote on the
proposed  amendment.  Under  Virginia  law, an  amendment  to the  corporation's
articles of incorporation  must be approved by more than two-thirds of all votes
entitled to be cast by that voting group. However, the corporation's articles of
incorporation may require a greater vote or a lesser vote, which may not be less
than a majority,  by each voting group  entitled to vote on the  transaction.  A
corporation's board of directors may also require a greater vote.

         The Registrant's Articles of Incorporation provide that amendments must
be approved by a majority of the votes  entitled to be cast by each voting group
entitled  to vote  and,  unless  such  action  has  been  approved  by at  least
two-thirds of the Continuing  Directors,  by holders of more than  two-thirds of
the issued and outstanding  shares of Common Stock (the vote generally  required
under  Virginia  law).  The  term  "Continuing   Director"  is  defined  in  the
Registrant's  Articles of  Incorporation  to mean any  individual  (i) who is an
initial director named in the Registrant's Articles of Incorporation or (ii) who
has been  elected  to the  Board of  Directors  of the  Registrant  at an annual
meeting of the  shareholders  of the Registrant  more than one time or (iii) who
was elected to fill a vacancy on the Board of  Directors of the  Registrant  and
received the affirmative vote of a majority of the Continuing  Directors then on
the Board of Directors  and  thereafter  elected to the Board of Directors at an
annual meeting of shareholders at least one time.

         The  Registrant's  Bylaws  may be  amended  by a  majority  vote of the
directors in office or by the shareholders.

Mergers, Consolidations and Sales of Assets.

         The  Registrant's  Articles  of  Incorporation  provide  that a plan of
merger or share exchange or a direct or indirect sale, lease,  exchange or other
disposition of all or substantially all of the property of the Registrant not in
the  ordinary  course  of  business  may be  approved  by the same  vote that is
required  in  order  to  amend  the  Articles  of  Incorporation.  Additionally,
consistent  with  Virginia  law, the Board of Directors  of the  Registrant  may
condition its submission of such plan of merger or share exchange or such a sale
or  disposition  of assets  to the  shareholders  on any



                                      -5-
<PAGE>

basis,  including  the  requirement  of a greater  vote than the  required  vote
described  above.  The reasons that the  Registrant's  Articles of Incorporation
provide for an alternative  vote on mergers,  share exchanges and certain sales,
leases,  exchanges  or  dispositions  of assets  are the same  reasons  that the
Articles of Incorporation  provide for an alternative vote to amend the Articles
of  Incorporation.  In many  situations,  the  effect of the  provisions  in the
Registrant's Articles of Incorporation that govern amendments to the Articles of
Incorporation,  mergers and share exchanges and certain  dispositions of assets,
would be to make it  easier  for the  Board  of  Directors  to gain  shareholder
approval  of  such  actions  than  would  be the  case  if a  favorable  vote of
two-thirds of the outstanding shares were required in all cases.

         A proposed merger,  share exchange or sale of substantially  all assets
of the  Registrant  that is favored by  two-thirds of the  Continuing  Directors
could  be  adopted  as  long  as a  majority  (rather  than  two-thirds)  of the
outstanding  shares  entitled to vote in each voting group  entitled to vote are
voted in favor of the proposed action.  In addition to requiring the affirmative
vote of a majority of the shares  entitled to vote in each voting group entitled
to vote, the Registrant's Articles of Incorporation would require that, unless a
proposed action is approved by at least two-thirds of the Continuing  Directors,
more than two-thirds of the issued and  outstanding  shares vote in favor of the
proposed action.  The purpose of such additional  requirements is to ensure that
if a proposed  major  corporate  action  does not have the support of a board of
directors  who  can  provide  continuity  to and an  in-depth  knowledge  of the
business of the Registrant, the action must be supported by more than two-thirds
of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock.

         As with  amendments  to the  Registrant's  Articles  of  Incorporation,
however,  if at least  two-thirds of the directors do not approve such corporate
action upon which  shareholders  are voting,  the additional  requirement  would
permit a minority  of the  holders of the  Common  Stock to defeat the  proposed
action.

State Anti-Takeover Statutes

         The Virginia SCA restricts  transactions  between a corporation and its
affiliates and potential acquirors. The summary below is necessarily general and
is  not  intended  to  be  a  complete  description  of  all  the  features  and
consequences of those provisions,  and is qualified in its entirety by reference
to the statutory provisions contained in the Virginia SCA.

         Affiliated Transactions. The Virginia SCA contains provisions governing
"Affiliated  Transactions"  found at Sections  13.1-725 - 727.1 of the  Virginia
SCA.  Affiliated  Transactions  include  certain  mergers  and share  exchanges,
certain material  dispositions of corporate assets not in the ordinary course of
business,  any  dissolution  of a  corporation  proposed  by or on  behalf of an
Interested  Shareholder (as defined  below),  and  reclassifications,  including
reverse stock  splits,  recapitalizations  or mergers of a corporation  with its
subsidiaries,  or  distributions or other  transactions  that have the effect of
increasing the percentage of voting shares  beneficially  owned by an Interested
Shareholder  by more than 5%. For  purposes of the Virginia  SCA, an  Interested
Shareholder is defined as any beneficial  owner of more than 10% of any class of
the voting securities of a Virginia corporation.

         Subject to certain exceptions discussed below, the provisions governing
Affiliated  Transactions  require that, for three years  following the date upon
which  any  shareholder  becomes  an  Interested  Shareholder,   any  Affiliated
Transaction must be approved by the affirmative vote of holders of two-thirds of
the  outstanding  shares of the  corporation  entitled  to vote,  other than the
shares beneficially owned by the Interested Shareholder,  and by a majority (but
not  less  than  two) of the  Disinterested  Directors  (as  defined  below).  A
Disinterested  Director  is  defined  in  the



                                      -6-
<PAGE>

Virginia SCA as a member of a  corporation's  board of  directors  who (i) was a
member  before the later of  January 1, 1988 or the date on which an  Interested
Shareholder  became  an  Interested  Shareholder  and (ii) was  recommended  for
election by, or was elected to fill a vacancy and received the affirmative  vote
of, a majority of the Disinterested Directors then on the corporation's board of
directors.  At the  expiration  of the three  year  period  after a  shareholder
becomes an Interested  Shareholder,  these  provisions  require  approval of the
Affiliated  Transaction by the affirmative  vote of the holders of two-thirds of
the  outstanding  shares of the corporation  entitled to vote,  other than those
beneficially owned by the Interested Shareholder.

         The principal  exceptions to the special  voting  requirement  apply to
Affiliated  Transactions  occurring  after the three year period has expired and
require  either  that  the   transaction  be  approved  by  a  majority  of  the
corporation's  Disinterested  Directors or that the transaction  satisfy certain
fair price requirements of the statute. In general,  the fair price requirements
provide that the shareholders  must receive the higher of: the highest per share
price for their shares as was paid by the Interested  Shareholder for his or its
shares, or the fair market value of the shares. The fair price requirements also
require that,  during the three years preceding the announcement of the proposed
Affiliated  Transaction,  all required  dividends  have been paid and no special
financial  accommodations have been accorded the Interested Shareholder,  unless
approved by a majority of the Disinterested Directors.

         None of the  foregoing  limitations  and  special  voting  requirements
applies  to a  transaction  with  an  Interested  Shareholder  who  has  been an
Interested  Shareholder  continuously  since the  effective  date of the statute
(January  26,  1988)  or  who  became  an  Interested  Shareholder  by  gift  or
inheritance from such a person or whose acquisition of shares making such person
an  Interested  Shareholder  was  approved  by a majority  of the  Disinterested
Directors of the corporation.

         These  provisions were designed to deter certain  takeovers of Virginia
corporations. In addition, the Virginia SCA provides that by affirmative vote of
a  majority  of the voting  shares  other than  shares  owned by any  Interested
Shareholder, a corporation may adopt by meeting certain voting requirements,  an
amendment  to its  articles  of  incorporation  or  bylaws  providing  that  the
Affiliated  Transactions  provisions  shall  not apply to the  corporation.  The
Registrant has not adopted such an amendment.

         Control Share  Acquisitions.  The Virginia  Control Share  Acquisitions
statute,  found at  Sections  13.1-728  - 728.8  of the  Virginia  SCA,  also is
designed to afford  shareholders  of a public company  incorporated  in Virginia
protection  against  certain  types of  non-negotiated  acquisitions  in which a
person,  entity or group  ("Acquiring  Person")  seeks to gain voting control of
that corporation.  With certain  enumerated  exceptions,  the statute applies to
acquisitions  of shares  of a  corporation  that  would  result in an  Acquiring
Person's ownership of the corporation's  shares entitled to vote in the election
of directors  falling  within any one of the following  ranges:  20% to 33-1/3%,
33-1/3% to 50% or 50% or more (a "Control Share  Acquisition").  Shares that are
the  subject  of a Control  Share  Acquisition  ("Control  Shares")  will not be
entitled to voting rights unless the holders of a majority of the "Disinterested
Shares" vote at an annual or special  meeting of shareholders of the corporation
to accord the Control  Shares with voting  rights.  Disinterested  Shares do not
include shares owned by the Acquiring Person or by officers and inside directors
of the target  company.  Under  certain  circumstances,  the statute  permits an
Acquiring  Person to call a special  shareholders'  meeting  for the  purpose of
considering  granting voting rights to the holders of the Control  Shares.  As a
condition  to having  this  matter  considered  at  either an annual or  special
meeting,   the  Acquiring  Person  must  provide   shareholders   with  detailed
disclosures  about his  identity,  the method and financing of the Control Share
Acquisition  and any plans to



                                      -7-
<PAGE>

engage in certain  transactions  with,  or to make  fundamental  changes to, the
corporation,  its  management  or business.  Under  certain  circumstances,  the
statute grants  dissenters'  rights to  shareholders  who vote against  granting
voting rights to the Control  Shares.  The Virginia  Control Share  Acquisitions
statute also enables a corporation to make  provisions for redemption of Control
Shares with no voting rights.  A corporation  may opt out of the statute,  which
the  Registrant  has done, by so providing in its articles of  incorporation  or
bylaws.  Among the  acquisitions  specifically  excluded  from the  statute  are
acquisitions  that are a part of certain  negotiated  transactions  to which the
corporation is a party and that, in the case of mergers or share exchanges, have
been approved by the  corporation's  shareholders  under other provisions of the
Virginia SCA.


Item 2.      Exhibits


     I.      4.1     Articles of  Incorporation  of the Registrant  (restated in
                     electronic format).                                        
                                                                                
             4.2     Bylaws of the Registrant (restated in electronic format).  

     II.     Not applicable.





                                      -8-
<PAGE>




                                   SIGNATURES

         Pursuant to the  requirements of Section 12 of the Securities  Exchange
Act of 1934,  as amended,  the  registrant  has duly  caused  this  registration
statement  to be  signed  on its  behalf  by  the  undersigned,  thereunto  duly
authorized.


                                        INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY
                                          BANKSHARES, INC.



Dated:  April 27, 1998                  By: /s/ Joseph L. Boling
                                            ----------------------
                                            Joseph L. Boling
                                            Chairman and Chief Executive Officer




<PAGE>

                                INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.                Description
- -----------                -----------

    4.1         Articles  of  Incorporation  of  the  Registrant   (restated  in
                electronic format).
                                                                                
    4.2         Bylaws of the Registrant (restated in electronic format).


                                      -10-


                                                                     Exhibit 3.1

                            ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                     INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKSHARES, INC.
                        (restated in electronic format)

                                    ARTICLE I
                                      NAME

         The name of the corporation is Independent Community Bankshares, Inc.

                                   ARTICLE II
                                  CAPITAL STOCK

         Paragraph  A.  The  aggregate  number  of  shares  of stock  which  the
Corporation  shall have the authority to issue and the par value per share is as
follows:

               Class                   Number of Shares           Par Value
            Common Stock                10,000,000                  $5.00


         Paragraph B.   No holders of any class of stock of the Corporation 
shall have any preemptive or other  preferential  right to purchase or subscribe
to (i) any  shares  of any  class of stock of the  Corporation,  whether  now or
hereafter authorized,  (ii) any warrants, rights or options to purchase any such
stock,  or  (iii)  any  obligations  convertible  into  any  such  stock or into
warrants, rights or options to purchase any such stock.

         Paragraph C.   The holders of the Common Stock shall, to the exclusion
of the holders of any other class of stock of the Corporation, have the sole and
full power to vote for the  election  of  directors  and for all other  purposes
without limitation. The holders of the Common Stock shall have one vote for each
share of Common  Stock held by them.  The  holders of the Common  Stock shall be
entitled to receive the net assets of the Corporation upon dissolution.

                                   ARTICLE III
                     INDEMNIFICATION AND LIMITS ON LIABILITY
                            OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

         Paragraph A.   The Corporation shall  indemnify any Director or Officer
made a Party to a Proceeding  (including without limitation any Proceeding by or
in the right of the  Corporation  in which the  Director  or Officer is adjudged
liable to the Corporation)  because he or she is or was a Director or Officer of
the Corporation  against any Liability incurred in the Proceeding to the fullest
extent permitted by Virginia law, as it may be amended from time to time.

         Paragraph B.   The Corporation shall not indemnify a Director or 
Officer under Paragraph A above (unless authorized or ordered by a court) unless
in each  specific  case a  determination  pursuant to Virginia law, as it may be
amended from time to time,  has been made that  indemnification  is  permissible
under the  circumstances.  The  termination of a Proceeding by judgment,  order,
settlement or conviction is not, of itself,  determinative  that the Director or
Officer is not entitled to indemnification under this Article III.

         Paragraph C.   Expenses incurred by a Director or Officer in a 
Proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final  disposition
of the Proceeding if:

<PAGE>

                  1.      The Director or Officer furnishes the Corporation a
         written statement  of his  good  faith  belief  that he or she is 
         entitled  to  indemnification pursuant to this Article III.

                  2.       The  Director or Officer  furnishes  the  Corporation
         a written undertaking, executed personally or on his or her behalf, to
         repay the advance if it is  ultimately  determined  that he or she did
         not meet the  standard  for  indemnification  pursuant to this Article
         III; and

                  3.       A  determination  pursuant  to  Virginia  law, as it
         may be amended from time to time, is made that the facts then known to
         those  making the  determination  would not  preclude  indemnification
         under this Article III. 

         The  undertaking  required by  subsection 2 of this  Paragraph  C shall
be an unlimited  general  obligation  of the Director or Officer but need not be
secured and may be accepted without reference to his or her financial ability to
make repayment. 

         Paragraph D.   The indemnification provided by this Article III shall 
not be  exclusive  of any other  rights to which any  Director or Officer may be
entitled,  including  without  limitation rights conferred by applicable law and
any right under  policies of insurance  that may be purchased and  maintained by
the Corporation or others,  even as to liabilities against which the Corporation
would  not have the  power to  indemnify  such  Director  or  Officer  under the
provisions of this Article III.

         Paragraph E.   The Corporation  may  purchase  and maintain at its sole
expense insurance, in such amounts and on such terms and conditions as the Board
of  Directors  may deem  reasonable,  against all  liabilities  or losses it may
sustain in consequence of the indemnification provided for in this Article III.

         Paragraph  F.  The Board of  Directors shall have the power but not the
obligation,  generally and in specific cases, to indemnify  employees and agents
of the  Corporation  to the same  extent as  provided  in this  Article III with
respect to Directors or Officers.  The Board of Directors is hereby empowered by
a majority vote of a quorum of disinterested Directors to contract in advance to
indemnify any Director or Officer.  The Board of Directors is further empowered,
by  majority  vote  of  a  quorum  of  disinterested  Directors,  to  cause  the
Corporation to contract in advance to indemnify any person who is not a Director
or Officer who was or is a party to any  Proceeding,  by reason of the fact that
he or she is or was an employee or agent of the  Corporation,  or was serving at
the  request of the  Corporation  as  Director,  Officer,  employee  or agent of
another corporation,  partnership, joint venture trust, employee benefit plan or
other  enterprise,  to the same  extent as if such  person  were a  Director  or
Officer.

         Paragraph G.   To the full extent that  Virginia law, as it exists on
the  date  hereof  or may  hereafter  be  amended,  permits  the  limitation  or
elimination  of the liability of Directors  and Officers,  a Director or Officer
shall not be liable to the  Corporation  or its  shareholders  for any  monetary
damages in excess of one dollar.

         Paragraph H.   In this Article III:

                  "Director" means an individual who is or was a director of the
         Corporation or an individual who, while a director of the  Corporation,
         is or was serving at the Corporation's request as a director,  officer,
         partner,  trustee,  employee,  or agent of another  foreign or 


                                      -2-
<PAGE>


         domestic  corporation,  partnership,  joint venture,  trust,  employee
         benefit  plan,  or other  enterprise.  A director is  considered to be
         serving an employee benefit plan at the  Corporation's  request if his
         duties to the corporation also impose duties on, or otherwise  involve
         services by, him to the plan or to participants in or beneficiaries of
         the plan. "Director" includes the estate or personal representative of
         a director.

                  "Officer"  means an individual who is or was an officer of the
         Corporation or an individual who is or was serving at the Corporation's
         written request as a director,  officer,  partner, trustee, employee or
         agent of another foreign or domestic  corporation,  partnership,  joint
         venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other enterprise.  An officer
         is  considered   to  be  serving  an  employee   benefit  plan  at  the
         Corporation's  request if his  duties to the  Corporation  also  impose
         duties  on, or  otherwise  involve  services  by, him to the plan or to
         participants in or  beneficiaries of the plan.  "Officer"  includes the
         estate or personal  representative  of an officer.  Except as set forth
         above "Officer" does not include officers of corporations controlled by
         the Corporation.

                  "Expenses" includes but is not limited to counsel fees.

                  "Liability"   means  the   obligation   to  pay  a   judgment,
         settlement,  penalty, fine, including without limitation any excise tax
         assessed  with  respect to an  employee  benefit  plan,  or  reasonable
         Expenses incurred with respect to a Proceeding.

                  "Party"  includes an individual  who was, is, or is threatened
         to be made a named defendant or respondent in any Proceeding.

                  "Proceeding"  means  any  threatened,   pending  or  completed
         action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
         investigative and whether formal or informal.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                                    DIRECTORS

         Paragraph  A.  The initial  directors, whose terms shall  expire at the
first shareholders' meeting at which directors are elected, shall be:

                    Howard M. Armfield                   Joseph L. Boling
                       P. O. Box 3                        P. O. Box 1306
                   Middleburg, VA 22117                Middleburg, VA 22117

                  J. Lynn Cornwell, Jr.                  William F. Curtis
                         Box 548                          Rt. 2, Box 498
                  Purcellville, VA 22132               The Plains, VA 22171

                      Gordon Grayson                   George A. Horkan, Jr.
                     Blue Ridge Farm                      Cleremont Farm
                   Upperville, VA 22176                    Rt. 1, Box 34
                                                       Upperville, VA 22176

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

                  C. Oliver Iselin, III                  William S. Leach
                      P. O. Box 225                        P. O. Box 42
                   Middleburg, VA 22117                Middleburg, VA 22117

                      John C. Palmer                  William S. Stokes, III
                      Rt. 2, Box 183                       P. O. Box 720
                    Marshall, VA 22115                     Ayrshire Farm
                                                       Upperville, VA 22176

                    Millicent W. West                    Edward T. Wright
                      P. O. Box 236                        P. O. Box 424
                   Upperville, VA 22176                Middleburg, VA 22117


         Commencing with the first shareholders'  meeting at which directors are
elected,  the  directors  shall  be  elected  at  each  annual  meeting  of  the
stockholders of the Corporation.

         Paragraph B.   Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the 
election of directors shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws of the
Corporation.

         Paragraph C.   Newly created directorships resulting from any increase
in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting
from  death,  resignation,  disqualification,  removal or other  cause  shall be
filled only by the  affirmative  vote of a majority of the  remaining  directors
then in office,  even though less than a quorum of the Board of  Directors.  Any
director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for
the full term of the new  directorship  or the remainder of the full term of the
directorship in which the vacancy  occurred and until such director's  successor
shall have been  elected and  qualified.  No decrease in the number of directors
constituting  the Board of  Directors  shall  shorten the term of any  incumbent
director.

                                    ARTICLE V
                                BYLAW AMENDMENTS

         The Board of  Directors  shall  have  power to make,  alter,  amend and
repeal  the  Bylaws  of the  Corporation  except  so far  as the  Bylaws  of the
Corporation adopted by the stockholders shall otherwise provide. Any Bylaws made
by the directors under the powers  conferred  hereby may be altered,  amended or
repealed by the directors or by the stockholders.

                                   ARTICLE VI
                            SPECIAL VOTING PROVISIONS

         Paragraph  A.  An  amendment  to the  Articles of Incorporation  of the
Corporation shall be approved if:

                  1.  A majority of the votes entitled to be cast by each voting
         group entitled to vote on such action are cast in favor of such action;
         and,

                  2.  Unless such  action  shall have been  approved by at least
         two-thirds of the directors who are  Continuing  Directors,  holders of
         more  than  two-thirds  of the  issued  and  outstanding  shares of the
         Corporation's Common Stock vote in favor of such action.

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

         Paragraph  B.  Any director  may only be removed  from  office  with or
without cause, but only if at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the votes cast
on such action are cast in favor of such action.

         Paragraph C.   Any merger or share exchange to which the Corporation is
a party or any direct or indirect sale, lease,  exchange or other disposition of
all or substantially  all of the Corporation's  property,  otherwise than in the
usual and regular course of business, shall be approved if:

                  1.  A majority of the votes entitled to be cast by each voting
         group  entitled to vote on such action are cast in favor of such 
         action; and,

                  2.  Unless such  action  shall have been  approved by at least
         two-thirds  of the  directors who are  Continuing  Directors,  at least
         two-thirds of the issued and  outstanding  shares of the  Corporation's
         Common Stock vote in favor of such action.

         This  Paragraph C shall not affect the power of the Board of  Directors
to condition its  submission of any plan of merger,  share exchange or direct or
indirect sale, lease,  exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all
of the Corporation's property, otherwise than in the usual and regular course of
business, on any basis, including the requirement of a greater vote.

         Paragraph D.   For  purposes of these Articles  of  Incorporation  an
abstention  or  failure to vote  shall not be  considered  a vote in favor of or
opposing any particular action.

         Paragraph E.   For purposes of this Article VI, a Continuing Director 
is (i) any  individual  who is an initial  director  named in these  Articles of
Incorporation,  or (ii) any  individual  who has been  elected  to the  Board of
Directors of the  Corporation  at an annual meeting of the  stockholders  of the
Corporation more than one time or (iii) any individual who was elected to fill a
vacancy  on the  Board of  Directors  and  received  the  affirmative  vote of a
majority  of the  Continuing  Directors  then  on the  Board  of  Directors  and
thereafter  elected  to the  Board of  Directors  at an  annual  meeting  of the
stockholders of the Corporation at least one time.

                                   ARTICLE VII
                           REGISTERED OFFICE AND AGENT

         The post office address of the initial  registered  office is Cleremont
Farm, Rt. 2, Box 34, Upperville,  Virginia 22176, which is located in the County
of Loudon.  The name of the initial  registered agent is George A. Horkan,  Jr.,
who is a resident of Virginia and a member of the Virginia  State Bar, and whose
business office is the same as the registered office of the Corporation.


                                                                     Exhibit 3.2


                                     BYLAWS
                                       OF
                     INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKSHARES, INC.
                        (restated in electronic format)

                                    ARTICLE I
                               Shareholder Matters

         Section 1.1.      Annual Meetings.

         A. The annual meeting of the  shareholders of the Corporation  shall be
held at such a place as may be  decided  by,  the Board of  Directors  on a date
during the month of March,  April or May of each and every year, the exact date,
place and hour to be fixed by the Board of Directors.

         B.  At the  annual  meeting  of the  shareholders  of the  Corporation,
Directors shall be elected and reports of the affairs of the  Corporation  shall
be received and considered. Any other business may be transacted which is within
the powers of the shareholders,  except that, if any shareholder shall bring new
business before the annual meeting,  the shareholder must give advance notice as
set forth in Section 1.6 of these Bylaws.

         C. The Board of Directors  may  designate  any place,  either within or
without the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia,  as the place of meeting for any annual
meeting or for any special meeting.  If no place is designated by the Board, the
place of meeting shall be the principal office of the Corporation.

         Section 1.2.      Special  Meetings.  A special meeting of the  
shareholders  may be called for any purpose or purposes  whatsoever at any time,
but only by the President,  the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the Board
of Directors.

         Section 1.3.      Notice of Meetings.  Notice of the time and place of
every annual meeting or special  meeting shall be mailed to each  Shareholder of
record  entitled  to vote at the  meeting  at his  address  as it appears on the
records of the  Corporation not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days
before the date of such meeting  (except as a different time may be specified by
law).

         Section 1.4.       Quorum.  A majority of the votes entitled to be cast
on a matter by a voting  group  constitutes  a quorum of such  voting  group for
action on such matter.  If there is not a quorum at the time for which a meeting
shall have been  called,  the  meeting may be  adjourned  from time to time by a
majority of the  shareholders  present or represented  by proxy without  notice,
other than by announcement at the meeting, until there is a quorum.

         Section 1.5.      Voting.  Except as the Articles of Incorporation  
otherwise provide,  at any meeting of the shareholders,  each outstanding share,
regardless  of  class,  is  entitled  to one vote on each  matter  voted on at a
shareholders' meeting.

         Section 1.6.      Notice of Shareholder  Business.  At an annual 
meeting of the  shareholders  of the  Corporation,  only such business  shall be
conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting.  To be brought
before  an annual  meeting,  business  must be (a)  specified  in the  notice of
meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors, (b) otherwise bought before the meeting by or at the direction of the
Board of Directors,  or (c) otherwise  properly  brought before the meeting by a
shareholder. For business to

<PAGE>


be properly  brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder,  the Shareholder
must have  given  timely  notice  thereof in  writing  to the  Secretary  of the
Corporation. To be timely, a shareholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed
and received at the principal  executive  offices of the  Corporation,  not less
than  sixty  (60) days nor more than  ninety  (90) days prior to the date of the
scheduled  annual  meeting,  regardless  of  any  postponements,   deferrals  or
adjournments  of that meeting to a later date;  provided,  however,  that in the
event that less than seventy (70) days' notice or prior public disclosure of the
date of the scheduled annual meeting is given or made,  notice by a shareholder,
to be timely,  must be so  received  not later than the close of business on the
tenth  (10th) day  following  the earlier of the day on which such notice of the
date of the scheduled  annual meeting was mailed or the day on which such public
disclosure was made. A shareholder's  notice to the Secretary of the Corporation
shall set forth as to each matter the  shareholder  proposes to bring before the
annual  meeting (a) a brief  description  of the business  desired to be brought
before the annual  meeting and the reasons for  conducting  such business at the
annual meeting,  (b) the name and address,  as they appear on the  Corporation's
books of the  shareholder  proposing  such  business  and of any other person or
entity who is the record or  beneficial  owner of any shares of the  Corporation
and who, to the knowledge of the shareholder  proposing such business,  supports
such proposal,  (c) the class and number of shares of the Corporation  which are
beneficially  owned  and  owned of  record  by the  shareholder  proposing  such
business on the date of his notice to the  Corporation  and the number of shares
so owned by any  person or  entity  who,  to the  knowledge  of the  shareholder
proposing  such business,  supports such proposal and (d) any material  interest
(financial  or  other) of such  shareholder  in such  proposal.  Notwithstanding
anything in these Bylaws to the contrary,  no business shall be conducted at any
annual  meeting  except  in  accordance  with the  procedures  set forth in this
Section 1.6.  The Chairman of an annual  meeting  shall,  if the facts  warrant,
determine  and declare to the meeting that  business  was not  properly  brought
before the meeting and in  accordance  with the  provisions of this Section 1.6.
and if he should so  determine,  he shall so declare to the meeting and any such
business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.

         Section 1.7.       Order of Business.  All meetings of shareholders 
shall be  conducted  in  accordance  with such  rules as are  prescribed  by the
Chairman  of the  meeting  and he shall  determine  the order of business at all
meetings of the shareholders.

         Section  1.8.      Inspectors.  The Board of  Directors,  in advance of
any meeting of  shareholders,  may, but shall not be required to, appoint one or
more inspectors to act at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. If any of the
inspectors so appointed shall fail to appear or act, the Chairman of the meeting
may appoint one or more inspectors. The inspectors shall determine the number of
shares of capital stock of the  Corporation  outstanding and the voting power of
each,  the number of shares  represented  at the  meeting,  the  existence  of a
quorum, the validity and effect of proxies,  and shall receive votes, ballots or
consents,  hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection
with the right to vote,  count and  tabulate  all votes,  ballots  or  consents,
determine the results, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or
vote with  fairness  to all  shareholders.  On  request of the  Chairman  of the
meeting, the inspectors shall make a report of any challenge,  request or matter
determined by them and shall execute a certificate of any fact found by them. No
director or candidate for the office of director shall act as an inspector of an
election of directors. Inspectors need not be shareholders.

                                   ARTICLE II
                                    Directors

         Section  2.1.      General  Powers.   The  business  and  affairs  of
the  Corporation  shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors
and,  except  as  otherwise  expressly  


                                      -2-
<PAGE>

provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation,  or by these Bylaws, all of
the powers of the  Corporation  shall be exercised by or under the  authority of
said Board of Directors.

         Section 2.2.       Number and  Qualification.  The  Board of  Directors
shall  consist  of 14  Directors.  Each  Director  shall  be a  resident  of the
Commonwealth of Virginia.  Except the initial directors of the Corporation named
in the Articles of  Incorporation,  no one who is seventy  years of age or older
shall be  eligible to stand for  re-election  to the Board of  Directors  at the
annual meeting following his seventieth birthday.

         Section 2.3.       Election of Directors.  The Directors shall be 
elected at the  annual  meeting of  shareholders,  and shall hold their  offices
until  their   successors  are  elected  in  accordance  with  the  Articles  of
Incorporation.  Nominations  for the election of Directors shall be given in the
manner provided in Section 2.5.

         Section 2.4.       Honorary and Advisory Directors.  The Board may 
appoint to the  position  of  Honorary  Director  or the  position  of  Advisory
Director  such  person or persons as it deems  appropriate.  Honorary  Directors
shall be entitled to receive notice of, and to attend all meetings of the Board,
but they shall not be  Directors  and shall not be entitled  to vote,  nor shall
they be counted in determining a quorum of the Board.  Advisory  Directors shall
be  entitled  only to notice of  meetings  of  Advisory  or other  Boards of the
Corporation  to which they shall be appointed.  Honorary and Advisory  Directors
shall receive such  compensation as may be authorized by the Board of attendance
at  meetings  of  Advisory  or other  Boards to which such  Advisory or Honorary
Directors are appointed.

         Section 2.5.       Nominations.  Only persons who are nominated in 
accordance  with the  procedures set forth in this Section 2.5 shall be eligible
for election as Directors.  Nominations  of persons for election to the Board of
Directors of the  Corporation may be made by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors,  or by any  shareholder of the  Corporation  entitled to vote for the
election of Directors who complies with the notice  procedures set forth in this
Section 2.5. Such  nominations,  other than those made by or at the direction of
the Board of  Directors,  shall be made  pursuant to timely notice in writing to
the Secretary of the Corporation.  To be timely, a shareholder's notice shall be
delivered to or mailed and received at the  principal  executive  offices of the
Corporations  not less than sixty (60) days nor more than ninety (90) days prior
to the  date of the  scheduled  annual  meeting,  regardless  of  postponements,
deferrals,  or adjournments of that meeting to a later date; provided,  however,
in the event that less than seventy (70) days' notice or prior pubic  disclosure
of the date of the  meeting is given or made,  notice by the  shareholder  to be
timely must be so received  not later than the close of business on the 10th day
following  the  earlier  of the day on  which  such  notice  of the  date of the
scheduled  annual meeting was mailed or the day on which such public  disclosure
was made. Such  shareholder's  notice shall set forth (a) as to each person whom
the shareholder  proposes to nominate for election as a Director,  (1) the name,
age, business address and residence  address of such person,  (ii) the principal
occupation or employment of such person, (iii) the class and number of shares of
the Corporation  which are beneficially  owned by such person and (iv) any other
information  relating  to  such  person  that is  required  to be  disclosed  in
solicitations of proxies for election of Directors, or is otherwise required, in
each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities  Exchange Act of 1934,
as  amended;  and (b) as to the  shareholder  giving the notice (i) the name and
address of such  shareholder and of any other person or entity who is the record
or beneficial  owner of shares of the  Corporation  and who, to the knowledge of
the shareholder  giving notice,  supports such nominee(s) and (ii) the class and
number of shares of the Corporation  which are  beneficially  owned and owned of
record by such  shareholder  and by any other person or entity who is the record
or beneficial  owner of shares of the  Corporation  and who, to the knowledge of
the

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

shareholder giving the notice,  supports such nominee(s).  At the request of the
Board of Directors  any person  nominated by the Board of Directors for election
as a Director shall furnish to the Secretary of the  Corporation the information
required to be set forth in a shareholder's  notice of nomination which pertains
to the  nominee.  No person  shall be eligible for election as a Director of the
Corporation  unless in accordance  with the procedures set forth in this Section
2.5. The Chairman of the meeting  shall,  if the facts  warrant,  determine  and
declare to the meeting that a  nomination  was not made in  accordance  with the
procedures prescribed by the Bylaws, and if he should so determine,  he shall so
declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.

         Section 2.6.       Meetings of Directors.  Meetings of the Board of 
Directors shall be held at places within or without the Commonwealth of Virginia
and at times fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors,  or upon call of the
Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President.  The Secretary,  or officer
performing  his duties,  shall give at least  twenty-four  (24) hours' notice by
telegraph,  letter,  telephone or in person,  of all meetings of the  Directors;
provided,  that notice need not be given of regular  meetings  held at times and
places  fixed by  resolution  of the  Board.  Regular  meetings  of the Board of
Directors shall be held at least once in every calendar  month.  Meetings may be
held at any time without notice if all of the Directors are present, or if those
not  present  waive  notice  either  before or after the  meeting.  Neither  the
business to be  transacted  nor the purpose of any annual or special  meeting of
the Board of  Directors  need be  specified in the notice or waiver of notice of
such meeting.

         Section 2.7.      Quorum.  A  majority  of the  members  of the  Board
of Directors shall constitute a quorum.

         Section 2.8.      Compensation.  The Board of Directors shall fix the
compensation of the Directors.

         Section 2.9.       Committees.  The Board of Directors may create 
committees  and appoint  members of committees in accordance  with Virginia law.
There shall be an  Executive  Committee  and such  committee  may  exercise  the
authority of the Board of Directors to the fullest extent permitted by law.

                                   ARTICLE III
                                    Officers

         Section 3.1.       Election. The Officers of the Corporation shall
consist of the Chairman of the Board of Directors,  the  President,  one or more
Executive  Vice  Presidents,  one or more  senior Vice  Presidents,  one or more
additional  Vice  Presidents,  a Secretary,  a Treasurer,  one or more Assistant
Secretaries,  and such other  officers  as may be elected as provided in Section
3.3 of this  Article.  All Officers  shall be elected by the Board of Directors,
and shall hold office until their successors are elected and qualify.  Vacancies
may be  filled  at any  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors.  Subject  to any
applicable  provision of Virginia  law,  more than one office may be combined in
the same person as the Board of Directors may determine.

         Section 3.2.       Removal of Officers. Any Officer of the Corporation
may be summarily  removed with or without  cause,  at any time,  by a resolution
passed by affirmative vote of a majority of all of the Directors;  provided that
any such removal  shall not affect an  Officer's  right to any  compensation  to
which  he is  entitled  under  any  employment  contract  between  him  and  the
Corporation.

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

         Section 3.3.       Other  Officers.  Other  Officers  may from  time to
time be appointed by the Board of Directors, and such Officers shall hold office
for such term as may be designated by the said Board of Directors.

         Section 3.4.       Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board
shall be the senior  Officer  of the  Corporation,  and he shall  preside at all
meetings of the Directors and all meetings of the shareholders. He shall appoint
all  standing  committees  and  temporary  committees.  He shall be a member  ex
officio of all standing committees and shall have all other powers and duties as
may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by the Bylaws.

         Section 3.5.       President. In the absence or disability of the 
Chairman  of the Board,  the  President  shall  preside at all  meetings  of the
Directors and at meetings of the  shareholders  and in the absence or disability
of the Chairman of the Board the duties and responsibilities of his office shall
devolve  upon the  President.  The  President  shall have such other  powers and
duties as may be prescribed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Board
of Directors or by the Bylaws.

         Section 3.6.       Vice Presidents.  Executive Vice  Presidents, Senior
Vice  Presidents  and  Vice  Presidents  shall  perform  such  duties  as may be
prescribed for them from time to time by the Chairman of the Board of Directors,
the Board of Directors or the Bylaws.

         Section 3.7.       Secretary.  The Secretary shall have the duties and
responsibilities prescribed by law for the secretary of a Virginia corporation.

         Section 3.8.       Surety  Bonds.  All Officers and employees who shall
have charge or  possession of money,  securities or property of the  Corporation
must,  before  entering  upon their  duties,  be covered by a bond with a surety
company  approved by the Board of Directors  and state and federal  authorities.
The costs of such bond shall be borne by the Corporation.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                                  Capital Stock

         Section 4.1.       Issues of Certificate of Stock.  Certificates  of 
capital stock shall be in such form as may be prescribed by law and by the Board
of  Directors.  All  certificates  shall be signed by the  President  and by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary,  or by any other two Officers authorized by
resolution of the Board of Directors.

         Section 4.2.       Transfer of Stock. The stock of the corporation 
shall be  transferable  or  assignable  on the books of the  Corporation  by the
holders in person or by attorney on surrender of the certificate or certificates
for such shares duly  endorsed,  and, if sought to be  transferred  by attorney,
accompanied by a written power of attorney to have such stock transferred on the
books of the Corporation.

         Section 4.3.       Restrictions on Transfer of Stock. Any restrictions
that may be imposed by law, by the  Articles of  Incorporation  or Bylaws of the
Corporation,  or by an agreement among shareholders of the Corporation, or by an
agreement among shareholders of the Corporation, shall be noted conspicuously on
the  front  or back of all  certificates  representing  shares  of  stock of the
Corporation.

         Section 4.4.       Lost, Destroyed or Mutilated  Certificates.  The
holder of stock of the Corporation shall  immediately  notify the Corporation of
any loss,  destruction,  or  mutilation  of the  

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certificate  therefor,  and the Corporation  may in its discretion  cause one or
more new  certificates  for the same aggregate  number of shares to be issued to
such  Stockholder  upon the  surrender  of the  mutilated  certificate,  or upon
satisfactory  proof of such loss or destruction  accompanied by the deposit of a
bond in such  form and  amount  and with  such  surety  as the  Corporation  may
require.

         Section 4.5.       Holder of Record.  The  Corporation  shall be
entitled  to treat  the  holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the
holder  thereof in fact and shall not be bound to  recognize  any  equitable  or
other  claim to or  interest  in such  shares  of stock on the part of any other
person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof,  except as
otherwise expressly provided by law.

         Section 4.6.       Record Date. The Board of Directors  shall fix in 
advance the record date in order to make a determination of shareholders for any
purpose, including the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to
vote at any  shareholders'  meeting or  entitled  to payment of any  dividend or
distribution  to  shareholders.  Such record date shall not be more than seventy
(70)  days  prior to the date on which  the  particular  action  requiring  such
determination of shareholders is to be taken.

         Section 4.7.       Control Share  Acquisitions.  Article 14.1 of the 
Virginia Stock Corporation Act shall not apply to the Corporation.

                                    ARTICLE V
                            Miscellaneous Provisions

         Section 5.1.      Seal.  The seal of the  Corporation  shall  be  
circular  in shape with the name of the  Corporation  around  the  circumference
thereof, and the word "SEAL" in the center thereof.

         Section  5.2.      Examination  of the  Books  and  Records.  The books
and records of account of the Corporation, the minutes of the proceedings of the
shareholders,  the Board and Committees  appointed by the Board of Directors and
the  records  of  the  shareholders  showing  the  names  and  addresses  of all
shareholders  and the  number  of  shares  held by  each,  shall be  subject  to
inspection  during  the  normal  business  hours  by  any  person  who is a duly
qualified  Director  of the  Corporation  at the time he makes such  inspection.
Shareholders shall have such rights to inspect records of the Corporation as are
prescribed by applicable law.

         Section 5.3.       Checks,  Notes and Drafts.  Checks,  notes,  drafts,
and other orders for the payment of money shall be signed by such persons as the
Board of Directors from time to time may authorize.

         Section 5.4.       Amendments to By-Laws.  These Bylaws may be altered,
amended or repealed in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation.

         Section  5.5.      Voting  of Stock  Held.  Unless  otherwise  provided
by resolution of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors,
the President or any Executive  Vice  President may from time to time appoint an
attorney or attorneys as agent or agents of the  Corporation to cast in the name
of the  Corporation the votes which the Corporation may be entitled to cast as a
shareholder  or  otherwise  in any  other  corporation,  any of  whose  stock or
securities  may be held by the  Corporation,  at  meetings of the holders of the
stock or other securities of such other corporation, or to consent in writing to
any action by any such other  corporation;  and such  Officers  may instruct the
person or persons so appointed as to the manner

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of casting  such votes or giving  such  consent,  and may execute or cause to be
executed  on  behalf  of the  Corporation  and  under  its  corporate  seal,  or
otherwise, such written proxies, consents,  waivers, or other instruments as may
be  necessary  or proper in the  premises;  or any of such  Officers may himself
attend any meeting of the holders of stock or other securities of any such other
corporation  and  there  vote  or  exercise  any  or  all  other  powers  of the
Corporation  as the  holder  of such  stock or other  securities  of such  other
corporation.


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