<PAGE>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported): November 6, 1997
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MapInfo Corporation
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(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)
0-23078 06-1166630
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(Commission File Number) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Global View, Troy, New York 12180
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(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(518) 285-6000
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(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Not Applicable
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(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)
<PAGE>
Item 5. Other Events.
------------
On November 6, 1997, MapInfo Corporation, a New York corporation ("MapInfo
New York") and the sole stockholder of the Registrant, merged with and into the
Registrant for the purpose of changing MapInfo New York's state of incorporation
from New York to Delaware (the "Reincorporation"). The Reincorporation was
approved by the holders of more than two-thirds of MapInfo New York's
outstanding shares of Common Stock at MapInfo New York's special meeting of
stockholders held on September 24, 1997, as adjourned to September 30, 1997 and
October 31, 1997.
The Reincorporation will not result in any change in MapInfo New York's
business, assets or liabilities, will not cause MapInfo New York's corporate
headquarters to be moved and will not result in any relocation of management or
other employees.
Shareholders of MapInfo New York will not be required to undertake a
mandatory exchange of their shares of MapInfo New York's Common Stock. By virtue
of the Reincorporation, certificates for shares of MapInfo New York's Common
Stock will automatically represent an equal number of shares of the Registrant's
Common Stock.
The Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of the Registrant are attached
hereto as exhibits.
Item 7. Financial Statement and Exhibits.
--------------------------------
(c) Exhibits
See Exhibit Index attached hereto.
<PAGE>
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
Date: November 6, 1997 MAPINFO CORPORATION
(Registrant)
/s/ D. Joseph Gersuk
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By: D. Joseph Gersuk
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
<PAGE>
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit
Number Description
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<S> <C>
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.
3.2 By-laws of the Registrant.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 3.1
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
MAPINFO CORPORATION
FIRST. The name of the Corporation is:
MapInfo Corporation
SECOND. The address of its registered office in the State of Delaware is
30 Old Rudnick Lane, in the City of Dover, County of Kent. The name of its
registered agent at such address is CorpAmerica, Inc.
THIRD. The nature of the business or purposes to be conducted or
promoted by the Corporation are as follows:
To engage in any lawful acts or activities for which corporations may
be organized under the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
FOURTH: The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the
Corporation shall have authority to issue is twenty-six million (26,000,000)
shares, consisting of (i) twenty-five million (25,000,000) shares of Common
Stock, $.002 par value per share ("Common Stock"), and (ii) one million
(1,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock, $.01 par value per share ("Preferred
Stock"), which may be issued from time to time in one or more series as set
forth in Part B of this Article FOURTH.
The following is a statement of the designations and the powers, privileges
and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof in
respect of each class of capital stock of the Corporation.
A. COMMON STOCK.
------------
1. General. The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders
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of the Common Stock are subject to and qualified by the rights of the holders of
the Preferred Stock of any series as may be designated by the Board of Directors
upon any issuance of the Preferred Stock of any series.
2. Voting. The holders of the Common Stock are entitled to one vote for
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each share held at all meetings of stockholders. There shall be no cumulative
voting.
<PAGE>
The number of authorized shares of Common Stock may be increased or
decreased (but not below the aggregate number of shares thereof then outstanding
or reserved for issuance pursuant to any stock plan of the Corporation) by the
affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of the Corporation
entitled to vote, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the
General Corporation Law of Delaware.
3. Dividends. Dividends may be declared and paid on the Common Stock
---------
from funds lawfully available therefor as and when determined by the Board of
Directors and subject to any preferential dividend rights of any then
outstanding Preferred Stock.
4. Liquidation. Upon the dissolution or liquidation of the Corporation,
-----------
whether voluntary or involuntary, holders of Common Stock will be entitled to
receive all assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its
stockholders, subject to any preferential rights of any then outstanding
Preferred Stock.
B. PREFERRED STOCK.
---------------
Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series, each
of such series to have such terms as stated or expressed herein and in the
resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of such series adopted by
the Board of Directors of the Corporation as hereinafter provided. Any shares
of Preferred Stock which may be redeemed, purchased or acquired by the
Corporation may be reissued except as otherwise provided by law. Different
series of Preferred Stock shall not be construed to constitute different classes
of shares for the purposes of voting by classes unless expressly provided.
Authority is hereby expressly granted to the Board of Directors from time
to time to issue the Preferred Stock in one or more series, and in connection
with the creation of any such series, by resolution or resolutions providing for
the issuance of the shares thereof, to determine and fix such voting powers,
full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designations, preferences and
relative participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications,
limitations or restrictions thereof, including without limitation thereof,
dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation
preferences, as shall be stated and expressed in such resolutions, all to the
full extent now or hereafter permitted by the General Corporation Law of
Delaware. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the resolutions
providing for issuance of any series of Preferred Stock may provide that such
series shall be superior or rank equally or be junior to the Preferred Stock of
any other series to the extent permitted by law. Except as otherwise provided
in this Certificate of Incorporation, no vote of the holders of the Preferred
Stock or Common Stock shall be a prerequisite to the designation or issuance of
any shares of any series of the Preferred Stock authorized by and complying with
the conditions of this Certificate of
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<PAGE>
Incorporation, the right to have such vote being expressly waived by all present
and future holders of the capital stock of the Corporation.
FIFTH. The name and mailing address of the sole incorporator are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Mailing Address
- ---- ---------------
<S> <C>
Miriam M. Netter, Esq. MapInfo Corporation
One Global View
Troy, NY 12180
</TABLE>
SIXTH. In furtherance of and not in limitation of powers conferred by
statute, it is further provided that the Board of Directors is expressly
authorized to adopt, amend or repeal the By-Laws of the Corporation.
SEVENTH. Except to the extent that the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware prohibits the elimination or limitation of liability of
directors for breaches of fiduciary duty, no director of the Corporation shall
be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages
for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, notwithstanding any provision of
law imposing such liability. No amendment to or repeal of this provision shall
apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any
director of the Corporation for or with respect to any acts or omissions of such
director occurring prior to such amendment.
EIGHTH. 1. Action, Suits and Proceedings Other than by or in the Right
-----------------------------------------------------------
of the Corporation. The Corporation shall indemnify each person who was or is a
- ------------------
party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or
completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation), by
reason of the fact that he or she is or was, or has agreed to become, a director
or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at
the request of the Corporation, as a director, officer or trustee of, or in a
similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise (including any employee benefit plan) (all such persons being
referred to hereafter as an "Indemnitee"), or by reason of any action alleged to
have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including
attorneys' fees) judgment, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and
reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection with
such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom, if he or she acted in
good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not
opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any
criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her
conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by
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<PAGE>
judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its
---- ----------
equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not
act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in,
or not opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to
any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or
her conduct was unlawful. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this
Article, except as set forth in Section 6 below, the Corporation shall not
indemnify an Indemnitee seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding
(or part thereof) initiated by the Indemnitee unless the initiation thereof was
approved by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
2. Actions or Suits by or in the Right of the Corporation. The
------------------------------------------------------
Corporation shall indemnify any Indemnitee who was or is a party or is
threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or
suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by
reason of the fact that he or she is or was, or has agreed to become, a director
or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at
the request of the Corporation, as a director, officer or trustee of, or in a
similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise (including any employee benefit plan), or by reason of any
action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all
expenses (including attorneys' fees) and amounts paid in settlement actually and
reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection with
such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom, if he or she acted in
good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not
opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation, except that no
indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to
which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation
unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of Delaware shall
determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of such liability but
in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and
reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses (including attorneys' fees)
which the Court of Chancery of Delaware shall deem proper.
3. Indemnification for Expenses of Successful Party. Notwithstanding the
------------------------------------------------
other provisions of this Article, to the extent that an Indemnitee has been
successful, on the merits or otherwise, in defense of any action, suit or
proceeding referred to in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article, or in defense of any
claim, issue or matter therein, or on appeal from any such action, suit or
proceeding, he or she shall be indemnified against all expenses (including
attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her
behalf in connection therewith. Without limiting the foregoing, if any action,
suit or proceeding is disposed of, on the merits or otherwise (including a
disposition without prejudice), without (i) the disposition being adverse to the
Indemnitee, (ii) an adjudication that the Indemnitee was liable to the
Corporation, (iii) a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the Indemnitee, (iv)
---- ----------
an adjudication that the Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner he
or she
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<PAGE>
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Corporation, and (v) with respect to any criminal proceeding, an adjudication
that the Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was
unlawful, the Indemnitee shall be considered for the purposes hereof to have
been wholly successful with respect thereto.
4. Notification and Defense of Claim. As a condition precedent to his or
---------------------------------
her right to be indemnified, the Indemnitee must notify the Corporation in
writing as soon as practicable of any action, suit, proceeding or investigation
involving him or her for which indemnity will or could be sought. With respect
to any action, suit, proceeding or investigation of which the Corporation is so
notified, the Corporation will be entitled to participate therein at its own
expense and/or to assume the defense thereof at its own expense, with legal
counsel reasonably acceptable to the Indemnitee. After notice from the
Corporation to the Indemnitee of its election so to assume such defense, the
Corporation shall not be liable to the Indemnitee for any legal or other
expenses subsequently incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such claim,
other than as provided below in this Section 4. The Indemnitee shall have the
right to employ his or her own counsel in connection with such claim, but the
fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from the Corporation of
its assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of the Indemnitee
unless (i) the employment of counsel by the Indemnitee has been authorized by
the Corporation, (ii) counsel to the Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded
that there may be a conflict of interest or position on any significant issue
between the Corporation and the Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such
action or (iii) the Corporation shall not in fact have employed counsel to
assume the defense of such action, in each of which cases the fees and expenses
of counsel for the Indemnitee shall be at the expense of the Corporation, except
as otherwise expressly provided by this Article. The Corporation shall not be
entitled, without the consent of the Indemnitee, to assume the defense of any
claim brought by or in the right of the Corporation or as to which counsel for
the Indemnitee shall have reasonably made the conclusion provided for in clause
(ii) above.
5. Advance of Expenses. Subject to the provisions of Section 6 below, in
-------------------
the event that the Corporation does not assume the defense pursuant to Section 4
of this Article of any action, suit, proceeding or investigation of which the
Corporation receives notice under this Article, any expenses (including
attorneys' fees) incurred by an Indemnitee in defending a civil or criminal
action, suit, proceeding or investigation or any appeal therefrom shall be paid
by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such matter; provided,
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however, that the payment of such expense incurred by an Indemnitee in advance
- -------
of the final disposition of such matter shall be made only upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay all amounts so advanced
in the event that it shall ultimately be
-5-
<PAGE>
determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the
Corporation as authorized in this Article. Such undertaking shall be accepted
without reference to the financial ability of the Indemnitee to make such
repayment.
6. Procedure for Indemnification. In order to obtain indemnification or
-----------------------------
advancement of expenses pursuant to Section 1, 2, 3 or 5 of this Article, the
Indemnitee shall submit to the Corporation a written request, including in such
request such documentation and information as is reasonably available to the
Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent
the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses. Any
such indemnification or advancement of expenses shall be made promptly, and in
any event within 60 days after receipt by the Corporation of the written request
of the Indemnitee, unless with respect to requests under Section 1, 2 or 5 the
Corporation determines, by clear and convincing evidence, within such 60-day
period that the Indemnitee did not meet the applicable standard of conduct set
forth in Section 1 or 2, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made
in each instance by (a) a majority vote of the directors of the Corporation
consisting of persons who are not at that time parties to the action, suit or
proceeding in question ("disinterested directors"), even though less than a
quorum, (b) a majority vote of a quorum of the outstanding shares of stock of
all classes entitled to vote for directors, voting as a single class, which
quorum shall consist of stockholders who are not at that time parties to the
action, suit or proceeding in question, (c) independent legal counsel (who may
be regular legal counsel to the Corporation), or (d) a court of competent
jurisdiction.
7. Remedies. The right to indemnification or advances as granted by this
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Article shall be enforceable by the Indemnitee in any court of competent
jurisdiction if the Corporation denies such request, in whole or in part, or if
no disposition thereof is made within the 60-day period referred to above in
Section 6. Unless otherwise provided by law, the burden of proving that the
Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advanced of expenses under this
Article shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation to
have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that
indemnification is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met
the applicable standard of conduct, nor an actual determination by the
Corporation pursuant to Section 6 that the Indemnitee has not met such
applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a
presumption that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
The Indemnitee's expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in connection
with successfully establishing his or her right to indemnification, in whole or
in part, in any such proceeding shall also be indemnified by the Corporation.
8. Subsequent Amendment or Legislation. No amendment, termination or
-----------------------------------
repeal of this Article or of the relevant provisions of the General Corporation
Law of
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<PAGE>
Delaware or any other applicable laws shall affect or diminish in any way
the rights of any Indemnitee to indemnification under the provisions hereof with
respect to any action, suit, proceeding or investigation arising out of or
relating to any actions, transactions or facts occurring prior to the final
adoption of such amendment, termination or repeal. If the General Corporation
Law of Delaware is amended after adoption of this Article to expand further the
indemnification permitted to Indemnitees, then the Corporation shall indemnify
such persons to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of
Delaware, as so amended.
9. Other Rights. The indemnification and advancement of expenses
------------
provided by this Article shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to
which an Indemnitee seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be
entitled under any law (common or statutory), agreement or vote of stockholders
or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her
official capacity and as to action in any other capacity while holding office
for the Corporation, and shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be
a director or officer, and shall inure to the benefit of the estate, heirs,
executors and administrators of the Indemnitee. Nothing contained in this
Article shall be deemed to prohibit, and the Corporation is specifically
authorized to enter into, agreements with officers and directors providing
indemnification rights and procedures different from those set forth in this
Article. In addition, the Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time
to time by its Board of Directors, grant indemnification rights to other
employees or agents of the Corporation or other persons serving the Corporation
and such rights may be equivalent to, or greater or less than, those set forth
in this Article.
10. Partial Indemnification. If an Indemnitee is entitled under any
-----------------------
provision of this Article to indemnification by the Corporation for some or a
portion of the expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines or amounts
paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or
her behalf in connection with any action, suit, proceeding or investigation and
any appeal, therefrom but not, however, for the total amount thereof, the
Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee for the portion of such
expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines or amounts paid in
settlement to which the Indemnitee is entitled.
11. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance, at
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its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of
the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise (including any employee benefit plan) against any expense,
liability or loss incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of
his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power
to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the
General Corporation law of Delaware.
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<PAGE>
12. Merger or Consolidation. If the Corporation is merged into or
-----------------------
consolidated with another corporation and the Corporation is not the surviving
corporation, the surviving corporation shall assume the obligations of the
Corporation under this Article with respect to any action, suit, proceeding or
investigation arising out of or relating to any actions, transactions or facts
occurring prior to the date of such merger or consolidation.
13. Savings Clause. If this Article or any portion hereof shall be
--------------
invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the
Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each Indemnitee as to any expenses
(including attorneys' fees) judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement in
connection with any action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil,
criminal or administrative, including an action by or in the right of the
Corporation, to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this
Article that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted
by applicable law.
14. Definitions. Terms used herein and defined in Section 145(h) and
-----------
Section 145(i) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware shall have the
respective meanings assigned to such terms in such Section 145(h) and Section
145(i).
NINTH. The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or
repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the
manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute and this Certificate of
Incorporation, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted
subject to this reservation.
TENTH. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of
shareholders may be taken without a meeting, if, prior to such action, a written
consent or consents thereto setting forth such action, is signed by the holders
of record of all of the shares of the stock of the Corporation issued and
outstanding and entitled to vote.
ELEVENTH. Special meetings of stockholders may be called at any time by
only the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer (or if
there is no Chief Executive Officer, the President) or the Board of Directors.
Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to
matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of meeting.
EXECUTED at Troy, New York, on July 1, 1997.
/s/ Miriam M. Netter
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Incorporator
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<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 3.2
BY-LAWS
OF
MAPINFO CORPORATION
(a Delaware corporation)
<PAGE>
BY-LAWS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page
<C> <S> <C>
ARTICLE 1 - Stockholders ................................................. 1
1.1 Place of Meetings ..................................... 1
1.2 Annual Meeting ........................................ 1
1.3 Special Meetings ...................................... 1
1.4 Notice of Meetings .................................... 1
1.5 Voting List ........................................... 2
1.6 Quorum ................................................ 2
1.7 Adjournments .......................................... 2
1.8 Voting and Proxies .................................... 2
1.9 Action at Meeting ..................................... 2
1.10 Nomination of Directors ............................... 3
1.11 Notice of Business at Annual Meetings ................. 3
1.12 Action without Meeting ................................ 4
1.13 Organization .......................................... 4
ARTICLE 2 - Directors .................................................... 5
2.1 General Powers ........................................ 5
2.2 Number; Election and Qualification .................... 5
2.3 Tenure ................................................ 5
2.4 Vacancies ............................................. 5
2.5 Resignation ........................................... 5
2.6 Regular Meetings ...................................... 6
2.7 Special Meetings ...................................... 6
2.8 Notice of Special Meetings ............................ 6
2.9 Meetings by Telephone Conference Calls ................ 6
2.10 Quorum ................................................ 6
2.11 Action at Meeting ..................................... 6
2.12 Action by Consent ..................................... 7
2.13 Removal ............................................... 7
2.14 Committees ............................................ 7
2.15 Compensation of Directors ............................. 7
ARTICLE 3 - Officers ..................................................... 8
3.1 Enumeration ........................................... 8
3.2 Election .............................................. 8
3.3 Qualification ......................................... 8
3.4 Tenure ................................................ 8
3.5 Resignation and Removal ............................... 8
</TABLE>
i
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<C> <S> <C>
3.6 Vacancies ............................................. 8
3.7 Chairman of the Board and Vice Chairman of the Board .. 9
3.8 President ............................................. 9
3.9 Vice Presidents ....................................... 9
3.10 Secretary and Assistant Secretaries ................... 9
3.11 Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers .................... 10
3.12 Salaries .............................................. 10
ARTICLE 4 - Capital Stock ................................................ 10
4.1 Issuance of Stock ..................................... 10
4.2 Certificates of Stock ................................. 11
4.3 Transfers ............................................. 11
4.4 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates ................ 11
4.5 Record Date ........................................... 11
ARTICLE 5 - General Provisions ........................................... 12
5.1 Fiscal Year ........................................... 12
5.2 Corporate Seal ........................................ 12
5.3 Waiver of Notice ...................................... 12
5.4 Voting of Securities .................................. 12
5.5 Evidence of Authority ................................. 12
5.6 Certificate of Incorporation .......................... 13
5.7 Transactions with Interested Parties .................. 13
5.8 Severability .......................................... 13
5.9 Pronouns .............................................. 13
ARTICLE 6 - Amendments ................................................... 13
6.1 By the Board of Directors ............................. 14
6.2 By the Stockholders ................................... 14
</TABLE>
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<PAGE>
BY-LAWS
OF
MAPINFO CORPORATION
ARTICLE 1 - Stockholders
------------------------
1.1 Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at
-----------------
such place within or without the State of Delaware as may be designated from
time to time by the Board of Directors or the President or, if not so
designated, at the registered office of the corporation.
1.2 Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of stockholders for the election
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of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly be
brought before the meeting shall be held within six months after the end of each
fiscal year of the corporation on a date to be fixed by the Board of Directors
or the President (which date shall not be a legal holiday in the place where the
meeting is to be held) at the time and place to be fixed by the Board of
Directors or the President and stated in the notice of the meeting. If no
annual meeting is held in accordance with the foregoing provisions, the Board of
Directors shall cause the meeting to be held as soon thereafter as convenient.
If no annual meeting is held in accordance with the foregoing provisions, a
special meeting may be held in lieu of the annual meeting, and any action taken
at that special meeting shall have the same effect as if it had been taken at
the annual meeting, and in such case all references in these By-Laws to the
annual meeting of the stockholders shall be deemed to refer to such special
meeting.
1.3 Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders may be called at
----------------
any time by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer
(or, if there is no Chief Executive Officer, the President) or the Board of
Directors. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be
limited to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of
meeting.
1.4 Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law, written
------------------
notice of each meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, shall be
given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to
each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notices of all meetings
shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting. The notice of a special
meeting shall state, in addition, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting
is called. If mailed, notice is given when deposited in the United States mail,
postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his or her address as it appears
on the records of the corporation.
1
<PAGE>
1.5 Voting List. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the
-----------
corporation shall prepare, at least 10 days before every meeting of
stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the
meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least
10 days prior to the meeting, at a place within the city where the meeting is to
be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the
meeting during the whole time of the meeting, and may be inspected by any
stockholder who is present.
1.6 Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of
------
Incorporation or these By-Laws, the holders of a majority of the shares of the
capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at
the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business.
1.7 Adjournments. Any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned to any
------------
other time and to any other place at which a meeting of stockholders may be held
under these By-Laws by the stockholders present or represented at the meeting
and entitled to vote, although less than a quorum, or, if no stockholder is
present, by any officer entitled to preside at or to act as Secretary of such
meeting. It shall not be necessary to notify any stockholder of any adjournment
of less than 30 days if the time and place of the adjourned meeting are
announced at the meeting at which adjournment is taken, unless after the
adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting. At the
adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any business which might have
been transacted at the original meeting.
1.8 Voting and Proxies. Each stockholder shall have one vote for each
------------------
share of stock entitled to vote held of record by such stockholder and a
proportionate vote for each fractional share so held, unless otherwise provided
by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of
Incorporation or these By-Laws. Each stockholder of record entitled to vote at
a meeting of stockholders, or to express consent or dissent to corporate action
in writing without a meeting, may vote or express such consent or dissent in
person or may authorize another person or persons to vote or act for him or her
by written proxy executed by the stockholder or his or her authorized agent and
delivered to the Secretary of the corporation. No such proxy shall be voted or
acted upon after three years from the date of its execution, unless the proxy
expressly provides for a longer period.
1.9 Action at Meeting. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the
-----------------
holders of a majority of the stock present or represented and voting on a matter
(or if there are two or more classes of stock entitled to vote as separate
classes, then in the case of each such class, the holders of a majority of the
stock of that class present or
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represented and voting on a matter) shall decide any matter to be voted upon by
the stockholders at such meeting, except when a different vote is required by
express provision of law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws. Any
election by stockholders shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by
the stockholders entitled to vote at the election.
1.10 Nomination of Directors. Only persons who are nominated in
-----------------------
accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as
directors. Nomination for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation
at a meeting of stockholders may be made by the Board of Directors or by any
stockholder of the corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors at
such meeting who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section
1.10. Such nominations, other than those made by or on behalf of the Board of
Directors, shall be made by notice in writing delivered or mailed by first class
United States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary, and received not less
than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to such meeting; provided, however,
that if less than 70 days' notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the
meeting is given to stockholders, such nomination shall have been mailed or
delivered to the Secretary not later than the close of business on the 10th day
following the date on which the notice of the meeting was mailed or such public
disclosure was made, whichever occurs first. Such notice shall set forth (a) as
to each proposed nominee (i) the name, age, business address and, if known,
residence address of each such nominee, (ii) the principal occupation or
employment of each such nominee, (iii) the number of shares of stock of the
corporation which are beneficially owned by each such nominee, and (iv) any
other information concerning the nominee that must be disclosed as to nominees
in proxy solicitations pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (including such person's written consent to be named as
a nominee and to serve as a director if elected); and (b) as to the stockholder
giving the notice (i) the name and address, as they appear on the corporation's
books, of such stockholder and (ii) the class and number of shares of the
corporation which are beneficially owned by such stockholder. The corporation
may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may
reasonably be required by the corporation to determine the eligibility of such
proposed nominee to serve as a director of the corporation.
The chairman of the meeting may, if the facts warrant, determine and
declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the
foregoing procedure, and if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so
declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
1.11 Notice of Business at Annual Meetings. At an annual meeting of the
-------------------------------------
stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly
brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting,
business must be (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement
thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (b) otherwise
properly brought
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before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (c)
otherwise properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder. For
business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, if
such business relates to the election of directors of the corporation, the
procedures in Section 1.10 must be complied with. If such business relates to
any other matter, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in
writing to the Secretary. To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be delivered
to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation
not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to the meeting; provided,
however, that in the event that less than 70 days' notice or prior public
disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice
by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not later than the close of
business on the 10th day following the date on which such notice of the date of
the meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made, whichever occurs
first. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter
the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (a) a brief
description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and
the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (b) the name and
address, as they appear on the corporation's books, of the stockholder proposing
such business, (c) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are
beneficially owned by the stockholder, and (d) any material interest of the
stockholder in such business. Notwithstanding anything in these By-Laws to the
contrary, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in
accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.11 and except that
any stockholder proposal which complies with Rule 14a-8 of the proxy rules (or
any successor provision) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, and is to be included in the corporation's proxy statement for an
annual meeting of stockholders shall be deemed to comply with the requirements
of this Section 1.11.
The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and
declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting
in accordance with the provisions of this Section 1.11, and if he or she should
so determine, the chairman shall so declare to the meeting that any such
business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.
1.12 Action without Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken
----------------------
at any meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting, if, prior to such
action, a written consent or consents thereto setting forth such action, is
signed by the holders of record of all of the shares of the stock of the
corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote.
1.13 Organization. The Chairman of the Board, or in his or her absence
------------
the Vice Chairman of the Board designated by the Chairman of the Board, or the
President, in the order named, shall call meetings of the stockholders to order,
and shall act as chairman of such meeting; provided, however, that the Board of
--------
Directors
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may appoint any stockholder to act as chairman of any meeting in the absence of
the Chairman of the Board. The Secretary of the corporation shall act as
secretary at all meetings of the stockholders; but in the absence of the
Secretary at any meeting of the stockholders, the presiding officer may appoint
any person to act as secretary of the meeting.
ARTICLE 2 - Directors
---------------------
2.1 General Powers. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be
--------------
managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors, who may exercise all
of the powers of the corporation except as otherwise provided by law or the
Certificate of Incorporation. In the event of a vacancy in the Board of
Directors, the remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law, may
exercise the powers of the full Board until the vacancy is filled.
2.2 Number; Election and Qualification. The number of directors which
----------------------------------
shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be determined by resolution
of the Board of Directors, but in no event shall be less than one. The number
of directors may be increased or decreased at any time and from time to time by
a majority of the directors then in office, provided, however, that any such
decrease shall only eliminate vacancies existing by reason of the death,
resignation, removal or expiration of the term of one or more directors. The
directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders by such
stockholders as have the right to vote on such election. Directors need not be
stockholders of the corporation.
2.3 Tenure. Each director shall hold office until the next annual
------
meeting and until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or
her earlier death, resignation or removal.
2.4 Vacancies. Unless and until filled by the stockholders, any vacancy
---------
in the Board of Directors, however occurring, including a vacancy resulting from
an enlargement of the Board, may be filled by vote of a majority of the
directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining
director. A director elected to fill a vacancy shall be elected for the
unexpired term of his or her predecessor in office, and a director chosen to
fill a position resulting from an increase in the number of directors shall hold
office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her
successor is elected and qualified, or until the earlier death, resignation or
removal of such director.
2.5 Resignation. Any director may resign by delivering a written
-----------
resignation to the corporation at its principal office or to the President or
Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is
specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other
event.
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2.6 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be
----------------
held without notice at such time and place, either within or without the State
of Delaware, as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors;
provided that any director who is absent when such a determination is made shall
be given notice of the determination. A regular meeting of the Board of
Directors may be held without notice immediately after and at the same place as
the annual meeting of stockholders.
2.7 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be
----------------
held at any time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, designated
in a call by the Chairman of the Board, President, two or more directors, or by
one director in the event that there is only a single director in office.
2.8 Notice of Special Meetings. Notice of any special meeting of
--------------------------
directors shall be given to each director by the Secretary or by the officer or
one of the directors calling the meeting. Notice shall be duly given to each
director (i) by giving notice to such director in person or by telephone at
least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, (ii) by sending written notice via
facsimile, or delivering written notice by hand or by overnight courier, to his
or her last known business or home address at least 24 hours in advance of the
meeting, or (iii) by mailing written notice to his or her last known business or
home address at least 72 hours in advance of the meeting. A notice or waiver of
notice of a meeting of the Board of Directors need not specify the purposes of
the meeting.
2.9 Meetings by Telephone Conference Calls. Directors or any members of
--------------------------------------
any committee designated by the directors may participate in a meeting of the
Board of Directors or such committee by means of conference telephone or similar
communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the
meeting can hear each other, and participation by such means shall constitute
presence in person at such meeting.
2.10 Quorum. A majority of the total number of the whole Board of
------
Directors shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the Board of Directors.
In the event one or more of the directors shall be disqualified to vote at any
meeting, then the required quorum shall be reduced by one for each such director
so disqualified; provided, however, that in no case shall less than one-third
(1/3) of the number so fixed constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum at
any such meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting
from time to time without further notice other than announcement at the meeting,
until a quorum shall be present.
2.11 Action at Meeting. At any meeting of the Board of Directors at which
-----------------
a quorum is present, the vote of a majority of those present shall be sufficient
to take
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any action, unless a different vote is specified by law, the Certificate of
Incorporation or these By-Laws.
2.12 Action by Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken at
-----------------
any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee of the Board of
Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or
committee, as the case may be, consent to the action in writing, and the written
consents are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee.
2.13 Removal. Except as otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law
-------
of Delaware, any one or more or all of the directors may be removed, with or
without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote
at an election of directors, except that the directors elected by the holders of
a particular class or series of stock may be removed without cause only by vote
of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class or series.
2.14 Committees. The Board of Directors may designate one or more
----------
committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the
corporation. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members
of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any
meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a
committee, the member or members of the committee present at any meeting and not
disqualified from voting, whether or not he or she or they constitute a quorum,
may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the
meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such
committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors
and subject to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board
of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation
and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which
may require it. Each such committee shall keep minutes and make such reports
as the Board of Directors may from time to time request. Except as the Board of
Directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct
of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the directors or in such
rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner
as is provided in these By-laws for the Board of Directors.
2.15 Compensation of Directors. Directors may be paid such compensation
-------------------------
for their services and such reimbursement for expenses of attendance at meetings
as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. No such payment
shall preclude any director from serving the corporation or any of its parent or
subsidiary corporations in any other capacity and receiving compensation for
such service.
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ARTICLE 3 - Officers
--------------------
3.1 Enumeration. The officers of the corporation shall consist of a
-----------
President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other officers with such other
titles as the Board of Directors shall determine, including a Chairman of the
Board, a Vice-Chairman of the Board, and one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant
Treasurers, and Assistant Secretaries. The Board of Directors may appoint such
other officers as it may deem appropriate.
3.2 Election. The President, Treasurer and Secretary shall be elected
--------
annually by the Board of Directors at its first meeting following the annual
meeting of stockholders. Other officers may be appointed by the Board of
Directors at such meeting or at any other meeting.
3.3 Qualification. No officer need be a stockholder. Any two or more
-------------
offices may be held by the same person.
3.4 Tenure. Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of
------
Incorporation or by these By-Laws, each officer shall hold office until his or
her successor is elected and qualified, unless a different term is specified in
the vote choosing or appointing him, or until his or her earlier death,
resignation or removal.
3.5 Resignation and Removal. Any officer may resign by delivering his or
-----------------------
her written resignation to the corporation at its principal office or to the
President or Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless
it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some
other event.
Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by vote of a
majority of the entire number of directors then in office.
Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, no officer who
resigns or is removed shall have any right to any compensation as an officer for
any period following his or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages
on account of such removal, whether his or her compensation be by the month or
by the year or otherwise, unless such compensation is expressly provided in a
duly authorized written agreement with the corporation.
3.6 Vacancies. The Board of Directors may fill any vacancy occurring in
---------
any office for any reason and may, in its discretion, leave unfilled for such
period as it may determine any offices other than those of President, Treasurer
and Secretary.
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Each such successor shall hold office for the unexpired term of his or her
predecessor and until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until
his or her earlier death, resignation or removal.
3.7 Chairman of the Board and Vice Chairman of the Board. The Board of
----------------------------------------------------
Directors may appoint a Chairman of the Board. If the Board of Directors
appoints a Chairman of the Board, he or she shall perform such duties and
possess such powers as are assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors.
Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, he or she shall preside at
all meetings of the stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors.
If the Board of Directors appoints a Vice Chairman of the Board, he or she
shall, in the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board, perform the
duties and exercise the powers of the Chairman of the Board and shall perform
such other duties and possess such other powers as may from time to time be
vested in him or her by the Board of Directors.
3.8 President. The President shall, subject to the direction of the
---------
Board of Directors, have general charge and supervision of the business of the
corporation. Unless the Board of Directors has designated the Chairman of the
Board or another officer as Chief Executive Officer, the President shall be the
Chief Executive Officer of the corporation. The President shall perform such
other duties and shall have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from
time to time prescribe.
3.9 Vice Presidents. Any Vice President shall perform such duties and
---------------
possess such powers as the Board of Directors or the President may from time to
time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the
President, the Vice President (or if there shall be more than one, the Vice
Presidents in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the
duties of the President and when so performing shall have all the powers of and
be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Board of Directors
may assign to any Vice President the title of Executive Vice President, Senior
Vice President or any other title selected by the Board of Directors.
3.10 Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The Secretary shall perform
-----------------------------------
such duties and shall have such powers as the Board of Directors or the
President may from time to time prescribe. In addition, the Secretary shall
perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of the
secretary, including without limitation the duty and power to give notices of
all meetings of stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, to
attend all meetings of stockholders and the Board of Directors and keep a record
of the proceedings, to maintain a stock ledger and prepare lists of stockholders
and their addresses as required, to be custodian of corporate records and the
corporate seal and to affix and attest to the same on documents.
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Any Assistant Secretary shall perform such duties and possess such powers
as the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary may from time to time
prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the
Secretary, the Assistant Secretary (or if there shall be more than one, the
Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall
perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary.
In the absence of the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary at any meeting
of stockholders or directors, the person presiding at the meeting shall
designate a temporary secretary to keep a record of the meeting.
3.11 Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. The Treasurer shall perform such
----------------------------------
duties and shall have such powers as may from time to time be assigned to him or
her by the Board of Directors or the President. In addition, the Treasurer shall
perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of
treasurer, including without limitation the duty and power to keep and be
responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation, to deposit funds of
the corporation in properly selected depositories, to properly disburse such
funds, to make proper accounts of such funds, and to render as required by the
Board of Directors statements of all such transactions and of the financial
condition of the corporation.
The Assistant Treasurers shall perform such duties and possess such powers
as the Board of Directors, the President or the Treasurer may from time to time
prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the
Treasurer, the Assistant Treasurer (or if there shall be more than one, the
Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall
perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer.
3.12 Salaries. Officers of the corporation shall be entitled to such
--------
salaries, compensation or reimbursement as shall be fixed or allowed from time
to time by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE 4 - Capital Stock
-------------------------
4.1 Issuance of Stock. Unless otherwise voted by the stockholders and
-----------------
subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the whole or any
part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock of the corporation
or the whole or any part of any balance of the authorized capital stock of the
corporation held in its treasury may be issued, sold, transferred or otherwise
disposed of by vote of the Board of Directors in such manner, for such
consideration and on such terms as the Board of Directors may determine.
4.2 Certificates of Stock. Every holder of stock of the corporation
---------------------
shall be entitled to have a certificate, in such form as may be prescribed by
law and by the
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Board of Directors, certifying the number and class of shares owned by him or
her in the corporation. Each such certificate shall be signed by, or in the name
of the corporation by, the Chairman or Vice Chairman, if any, of the Board of
Directors, or the President or a Vice President, and the Treasurer or an
Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile.
Each certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any restriction
on transfer pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the By-Laws,
applicable securities laws or any agreement among any number of stockholders or
among such holders and the corporation shall have conspicuously noted on the
face or back of the certificate either the full text of the restriction or a
statement of the existence of such restriction.
4.3 Transfers. Except as otherwise established by rules and regulations
---------
adopted by the Board of Directors, and subject to applicable law, shares of
stock may be transferred on the books of the corporation by the surrender to the
corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate representing such shares
properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney
properly executed, and with such proof of authority or the authenticity of
signature as the corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require.
Except as may be otherwise required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation
or by these By-Laws, the corporation shall be entitled to treat the record
holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all
purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect
to such stock, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such
stock until the shares have been transferred on the books of the corporation in
accordance with the requirements of these By-Laws.
4.4 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The corporation may issue a
--------------------------------------
new certificate of stock in place of any previously issued certificate alleged
to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon such terms and conditions as the
Board of Directors may prescribe, including the presentation of reasonable
evidence of such loss, theft or destruction and the giving of such indemnity as
the Board of Directors may require for the protection of the corporation or any
transfer agent or registrar.
4.5 Record Date. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as a
-----------
record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or
to vote at any meeting of stockholders, or entitled to receive payment of any
dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights in respect of any
change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful
action. Such record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before
the date of such meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to any other action to
which such record date relates.
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If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the
close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if
notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which
the meeting is held. The record date for determining stockholders for any other
purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of
Directors adopts the resolution relating to such purpose.
A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote
at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting;
provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the
adjourned meeting.
ARTICLE 5 - General Provisions
------------------------------
5.1 Fiscal Year. Except as from time to time otherwise designated by the
-----------
Board of Directors, the fiscal year of the corporation shall begin on the first
day of October in each year and end on the last day of September in each year.
5.2 Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall be in such form as shall be
--------------
approved by the Board of Directors.
5.3 Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice whatsoever is required to be
----------------
given by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, a waiver
of such notice either in writing signed by the person entitled to such notice or
such person's duly authorized attorney, or by telegraph, cable or any other
available method, whether before, at or after the time stated in such waiver, or
the appearance of such person or persons at such meeting in person or by proxy,
shall be deemed equivalent to such notice.
5.4 Voting of Securities. Except as the directors may otherwise
--------------------
designate, the President or Treasurer may waive notice of, and act as, or
appoint any person or persons to act as, proxy or attorney-in-fact for this
corporation (with or without power of substitution) at, any meeting of
stockholders or shareholders of any other corporation or organization, the
securities of which may be held by this corporation.
5.5 Evidence of Authority. A certificate by the Secretary, or an
---------------------
Assistant Secretary, or a temporary Secretary, as to any action taken by the
stockholders, directors, a committee or any officer or representative of the
corporation shall as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good faith be
conclusive evidence of such action.
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5.6 Certificate of Incorporation. All references in these By-Laws to the
----------------------------
Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate of
Incorporation of the corporation, as amended and in effect from time to time.
5.7 Transactions with Interested Parties. No contract or transaction
------------------------------------
between the corporation and one or more of the directors or officers, or between
the corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other
organization in which one or more of the directors or officers are directors or
officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for
this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or
participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee of the
Board of Directors which authorizes the contract or transaction or solely
because his or her or their votes are counted for such purpose, if:
(1) The material facts as to his or her relationship or interest
and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the
Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board or committee in good
faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a
majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested
directors be less than a quorum;
(2) The material facts as to his or her relationship or interest
and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the
stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is
specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or
(3) The contract or transaction is fair as to the corporation as of
the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors,
a committee of the Board of Directors, or the stockholders.
Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence
of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which
authorizes the contract or transaction.
5.8 Severability. Any determination that any provision of these By-Laws
------------
is for any reason inapplicable, illegal or ineffective shall not affect or
invalidate any other provision of these By-Laws.
5.9 Pronouns. All pronouns used in these By-Laws shall be deemed to
--------
refer to the masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the identity
of the person or persons may require.
ARTICLE 6 - Amendments
----------------------
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6.1 By the Board of Directors. These By-Laws may be altered, amended or
-------------------------
repealed or new by-laws may be adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of
the directors present at any regular or special meeting of the Board of
Directors at which a quorum is present.
6.2 By the Stockholders. These By-Laws may be altered, amended or
-------------------
repealed or new by-laws may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the holders of
a majority of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation issued and
outstanding and entitled to vote at any regular or special meeting of
stockholders, provided notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption
of new by-laws shall have been stated in the notice of such regular or special
meeting.
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