WPS RESOURCES CORP
S-3, 1999-10-06
ELECTRIC & OTHER SERVICES COMBINED
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      AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON OCTOBER 6, 1999

                                                   Registration No. 333-________
================================================================================
                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549
                             -----------------------
                                    FORM S-3
                             REGISTRATION STATEMENT
                                      Under
                           THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
                           --------------------------

                            WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION
             (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

          Wisconsin                                              39-1775292
(State or other jurisdiction of                               (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)                              Identification No.)

                             700 North Adams Street
                                 P.O. Box 19001
                         Green Bay, Wisconsin 54307-9001
                                 (920) 433-1727)
                        (Address, including zip code, and
                    telephone number, including area code, of
                    registrant's principal executive offices)
           -----------------------------------------------------------
                                 Larry L. Weyers
                 Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
                            WPS Resources Corporation
                             700 North Adams Street
                                 P.O. Box 19001
                         Green Bay, Wisconsin 54307-9001
                                 (920) 433-1727
                       (Name, address, including zip code,
                   and telephone number, including area code,
                              of agent for service)


                                 with a copy to:

                                Michael S. Nolan
                                 Foley & Lardner
                            777 East Wisconsin Avenue
                           Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
                                 (414) 297-5672

         APPROXIMATE  DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:  FROM
TIME TO TIME AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT.

         If the only securities  being registered on this Form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest  reinvestment plans, please check the following
box: |_|

         If any of the  securities  being  registered  on  this  Form  are to be
offered  on a  delayed  or  continuous  basis  pursuant  to Rule 415  under  the
Securities Act of 1933,  other than  securities  offered only in connection with
dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: |X|

<PAGE>

         If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list  the  Securities  Act  registration  statement  number  of the  earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering: |_|

         If this  Form is a  post-effective  amendment  filed  pursuant  to Rule
462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities
Act  registration   statement  number  of  the  earlier  effective  registration
statement for the same offering: |_|

         If delivery of the  prospectus  is expected to be made pursuant to Rule
434, please check the following box: |_|

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                         CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of Each                                     Proposed       Maximum    Proposed        Maximum
Class of Securities         Amount to be        Offering Price              Aggregate       Offering   Amount of
to be Registered            Registered (1)        Per Unit                  Price (1) (2)              Registration Fee

<S>                         <C>                   <C>           <C>         <C>             <C>        <C>
Debt Securities(3)          (4)                   (4)                       (4)
Common Stock                (4)                   (4)                       (4)
Common Stock
Purchase Rights(5)
    TOTAL                   $400,000,000                                    $400,000,000               $111,200

(1)      In no event will the aggregate initial price of all Debt Securities and
         Common Stock  (including the associated  Common Stock Purchase  Rights)
         sold under this registration statement exceed $400,000,000.
(2)      Estimated  solely for  purposes of  calculating  the  registration  fee
         pursuant to Rule 457(o). Exclusive of accrued interest, if any.
(3)      If the Debt Securities are issued at an original issue  discount,  then
         the offering will be in such greater  principal  amount as shall result
         in an  aggregate  initial  offering  price  of  $400,000,000,  less the
         initial offering price of any securities previously sold hereunder.
(4)      Not applicable pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3.
(5)      The Common  Stock  Purchase  Rights are attached to and traded with the
         shares of Common Stock being registered.  The value attributable to the
         Common  Stock  Purchase  Rights,  if any,  is  reflected  in the  value
         attributable to the Common Stock.
</TABLE>

         The Registrant hereby amends this  Registration  Statement on such date
or dates as may be necessary to delay its  Effective  Date until the  Registrant
shall file a further amendment which specifically  states that this Registration
Statement shall  thereafter  become effective in accordance with Section 8(A) of
the Securities  Act of 1933 or until this  Registration  Statement  shall become
effective on such date as the Commission,  acting pursuant to said Section 8(A),
may determine.


================================================================================

<PAGE>
         THE  INFORMATION IN THIS  PROSPECTUS  SUPPLEMENT  AND THE  ACCOMPANYING
PROSPECTUS ARE NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES
UNTIL  THE  REGISTRATION  STATEMENT  FILED  WITH  THE  SECURITIES  AND  EXCHANGE
COMMISSION  IS  EFFECTIVE.  THIS  PROSPECTUS  SUPPLEMENT  AND  THE  ACCOMPANYING
PROSPECTUS ARE NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND THEY ARE NOT SOLICITING
AN OFFER TO BUY THESE  SECURITIES  IN ANY  STATE  WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT
PERMITTED.

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT                                      Subject to Completion
(To Prospectus dated ____________, 1999)                   October 6, 1999

                            WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION

                                  $____,000,000
                                Medium-Term Notes
                     Due One Year or More from Date of Issue

         We may offer our Medium-Term  Notes at one or more times.  The specific
terms of the  particular  notes being  offered  will be  contained  in a pricing
supplement.

         The following terms will apply to particular notes being offered unless
otherwise specified in the applicable pricing supplement:

         -        They  will be  denominated  in U.S.  dollars  and  offered  in
                  minimum   denominations  of  $1,000  and  integral   multiples
                  thereof.

         -        They will mature one year or more after issuance.

         -        They  will  bear  interest  at a  fixed  rate  which  we  will
                  determine at or prior to the sale thereof.

         -        Each note will pay  interest  semi-annually  in arrears on the
                  dates  specified in the applicable  pricing  supplement and at
                  maturity, or, if applicable, upon earlier redemption..

         -        They will not be redeemable  prior to maturity and will not be
                  subject to a sinking fund.

         -        They  will be  issued in  book-entry  form,  and notes of each
                  series  will  be  represented  by one  or  more  global  notes
                  deposited with or on behalf of The  Depository  Trust Company,
                  New York,  New York and  registered in its name or that of its
                  nominee.

         -        We will not list the notes on any securities exchange.

                                       Agents' Discounts         Proceeds
                   Price to Public      and Commissions         to Company
Per Note        100%                   _____% to _____%        _____% to _____%
Total           $____,000,000         $_____ to $_____        $_____ to $_____

                  We may offer the notes as follows:

         -        Through  agents who have agreed to use  reasonable  efforts to
                  solicit  offers  to  purchase  the  notes.   Unless  otherwise
                  specified  in the pricing  supplement,  we will pay the agents
                  commissions within the range specified in the preceding table.

         -        Through one or more agents  purchasing  the notes as principal
                  and acting as underwriters or dealer. We will pay those agents
                  an underwriting commission or discount to be negotiated at the
                  time of sale.

         -        Directly  to  investors.   We  will  not  pay  a  discount  or
                  commission  to any  agent if we sell  the  notes  directly  to
                  investors.

         Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission  has approved or  disapproved  of the  securities  or passed upon the
accuracy of this  prospectus  supplement,  the  accompanying  prospectus  or any
pricing supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

                                [Names of Agents]
          The date of this prospectus supplement is ____________, 1999.

<PAGE>
         You should rely only on the  information  contained or  incorporated by
reference  in  this  prospectus  supplement,  the  attached  prospectus  and the
applicable pricing supplement. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with
different  information,  and if you receive  any  unauthorized  information  you
should  not rely on it. We are not  making an offer of these  securities  in any
place  where  the  offer  is not  permitted.  You  should  not  assume  that the
information   contained  or   incorporated   by  reference  in  this  prospectus
supplement,  the attached prospectus or any pricing supplement is accurate as of
any date other than the date on the front of the applicable document.



             ------------------------------------------------------

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
             ------------------------------------------------------


                              Prospectus Supplement

About this Prospectus Supplement; Pricing Supplement                  S-2
Description of the Notes                                              S-3
Depositary Trust Company Year 2000 Compliance                         S-4
Plan of Distribution                                                  S-5
Legal Matters                                                         S-6


                                   Prospectus

Summary                                                                 1
The Company                                                             4
Use of Proceeds                                                         5
Description of the Debt Securities                                      5
Description of Common Stock                                            16
Plan of Distribution                                                   20
Legal Opinions                                                         21
Experts                                                                21


              ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT; PRICING SUPPLEMENTS

         We may use this  prospectus  supplement,  together  with  the  attached
prospectus and a pricing supplement, to offer our medium term notes from time to
time. The total initial  public  offering price of notes that we may be offering
by use of this prospectus  supplement is $ ,000,000.  That amount may be reduced
by the  amount  of any other  securities  issued  under  our shelf  registration
statement (No. 333- ).

         This  prospectus  supplement  sets forth terms of the notes that we may
offer.  It supplements  the  description of the debt  securities and senior debt
securities  contained  in  the  attached  prospectus.  If  information  in  this
prospectus  supplement is  inconsistent  with the  prospectus,  this  prospectus
supplement will apply and will supersede that information in the prospectus.



                                      S-2
<PAGE>

         Each time we issue notes,  we will attach a pricing  supplement to this
prospectus  supplement.   The  pricing  supplement  will  contain  the  specific
description  of the  notes  being  offered  and the terms of the  offering.  The
pricing  supplement  may also  add to,  update  or  change  information  in this
prospectus supplement or the attached prospectus. Any information in the pricing
supplement that is inconsistent with this prospectus  supplement or the attached
prospectus  will apply and will  supersede that  information in this  prospectus
supplement or the attached prospectus.

         It is important for you to read and consider all information  contained
in the prospectus  supplement and the attached prospectus and pricing supplement
in making  your  investment  decision.  You should  also read and  consider  the
information in the documents we have referred you to in "Where you can find more
information" on page _____ of the attached prospectus.

                            DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES

General

         The  following  is a summary  of the  important  term of the  notes.  A
complete  copy of the senior  indenture  under which the notes will be issued is
filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.

         The notes will be "senior debt securities" as described in the attached
prospectus and will constitute one series of senior debt securities issued under
the  senior  indenture.  The  notes  will have the same rank as any of our other
senior debt securities.

         The notes are  being  offered  on a  continuing  basis.  Each note will
mature on a  business  day one year or more  from its date of  issue,  as agreed
between  us and  the  purchaser.  Unless  otherwise  specified  in  the  pricing
supplement, the notes will not be subject to redemption before maturity and will
not be subject to any sinking fund.

         The notes will bear interest at a fixed rate.

         The notes will be denominated in U.S. Dollars and payments of principal
and interest will be in U.S. Dollars. The authorized  denominations of the notes
will be $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess of $1,000.

         Each note will be issued in fully registered form without coupons. Each
series of notes will be  initially  represented  by one or more global notes and
deposited  with, or on behalf of, the Depository  Trust Company,  as depositary.
Notes issued in global form will be "book entry notes".  Beneficial interests in
a book - entry note will be shown on, and transfers of those  interests  will be
effected only through,  records  maintained by DTC or its  participants.  Except
under  limited   circumstances,   book-entry  notes  will  not  be  issuable  in
certificated form. We will make payments of principal and interest on book-entry
notes to DTC or its nominee.  Payments to owners of beneficial interests will be
made through DTC and its participants. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE DEBT SECURITIES -
BOOK ENTRY SECURITIES", in the attached prospectus.



                                      S-3
<PAGE>

         The pricing supplement  relating to an offering of notes will designate
a fixed rate of interest per year payable on the notes.  Notes may bear interest
at one or more annual rates of interest as specified in the pricing  supplement.
Unless otherwise specified in the pricing supplement:

         -        Each note will accrue  interest from and including its date of
                  issue;

         -        the interest  payment  dates for the notes will be _______ and
                  _________ of each year and upon maturity;

         -        the  regular  record  dates for  payment of  interest  will be
                  _______15 and ______15 of each year; and

         -        interest  will be computed  on the basis of a 360-day  year of
                  twelve 30-day months.

         We may modify or supplement any provisions of the senior indenture with
respect to a note to the extent any modified or additional  provisions  included
in the note are not  inconsistent  with the terms of the senior  indenture.  The
note and the pricing  supplement  will specify any such  modified or  additional
provisions.

                  DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE

         The Depositary Trust Company ("DTC") has advised us that its management
is aware that some computer  applications,  systems and the like for  processing
data that are dependent upon calendar  dates,  including  dates before,  on, and
after January 1, 2000, may encounter  "Year 2000 problems." DTC has informed the
industry,  including  direct and indirect  participants and other members of the
financial community, that it has developed and is implementing a program so that
its  systems,  as the  same  relate  to the  timely  payment  of  distributions,
including  principal  and interest  payments,  to security  holders,  book-entry
deliveries,   and  settlement  of  trades  within  DTC,   continue  to  function
appropriately.  This program  includes a technical  assessment and a remediation
plan,  each of which is complete.  Additionally,  DTC's plan  includes a testing
phase, which is expected to be completed within appropriate time frames.

         However,  DTC's  ability  to  perform  its  services  properly  also is
dependent upon other parties,  including,  but not limited to, issuers and their
agents,  as well as  third-party  vendors  from whom it  licenses  software  and
hardware,  and  third-party  vendors  on whom it relies for  information  or the
provision  of  services,  including  telecommunication  and  electrical  utility
service  providers,  among  others.  DTC has informed  the  industry  that it is
contacting  and will  continue  to  contact  third-party  vendors  from  whom it
acquires  services (1) to impress  upon them the  importance  of these  services
being Year 2000 compliant,  and (2) to determine the extent of their efforts for
Year 2000  remediation  and,  as  appropriate,  testing  of their  services.  In
addition,  DTC is in the  process of  developing  contingency  plans as it deems
appropriate.

         According to DTC, this information with respect to Year 2000 compliance
has been  provided to the industry for  informational  purposes only and its not
intended to serve as a representation, warranty, or contract modification of any
kind.



                                      S-4
<PAGE>

                              PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

         We may offer  notes on a  continuing  basis to or through  agents  that
become parties to an agency agreement,  the form of which is filed as an exhibit
to the registration statement. Each agent's obligations are separate and several
from those of any other agent.  The agents  individually or in a syndicate,  may
purchase notes, as principal,  from us from time to time for resale to investors
and other  purchasers at varying prices relating to prevailing  market prices at
the time of resale, as determined by the applicable agent or, if so specified in
the applicable  pricing  supplement,  for resale at a fixed offering  price.  If
agreed to by us and an agent, such agent may also use its reasonable  efforts on
an agency basis to solicit offers to purchase the notes at 100% of the principal
amount thereof, unless otherwise specified in the applicable pricing supplement.
We will pay a commission to an agent, ranging from ___% to ___% of the principal
amount of each note depending upon its stated  maturity,  sold though such agent
as our  agent.  We may also  sell the  notes  directly  to  purchasers  in those
jurisdictions  which  permit  us to do so. No  commission  or  discount  will be
payable by us on notes sold directly by us.

         As of the  date of  this  prospectus  supplement,  the  agents  include
_______________________________________.

         Unless otherwise  specified in the applicable  Pricing  Supplement,  an
agent will purchase any note sold to it as principal at a price equal to 100% of
the principal amount of the note less a percentage of the principal amount equal
to the commission  applicable to an agency sale of a note of identical maturity.
An agent may sell notes it has purchased from us as principal to certain dealers
less a  concession  equal to all or any  portion  of the  discount  received  in
connection  with such  purchase.  The  agent may  allow,  and such  dealers  may
reallow,  a discount to certain  other  dealers.  After the initial  offering of
notes, the offering price (in the case of notes to be resold on a fixed offering
price basis), the concession and the reallowance may be changed.

         We  reserve  the right to  withdraw,  cancel or modify  the offer  made
hereby  without  notice and may reject  offers in whole or in part  whether  the
offers are placed directly with us or through an agent. Each agent will have the
right, in its discretion reasonably exercised, to reject in whole or in part any
offer to purchase notes received by it on an agency basis.

         Upon issuance,  the notes will not have an established  trading market.
The notes  will not be listed on any  securities  exchange.  The agents may from
time to time purchase and sell notes in the secondary market, but the agents are
not  obligated  to do so,  and there can be no  assurance  that  there will be a
secondary  market for the notes or that there will be liquidity in the secondary
market if one develops.  From time to time,  the agents may make a market in the
notes,  but the  agents  are not  obligated  to do so and  may  discontinue  any
market-making activity at any time.

         In connection with an offering of notes purchased by one or more agents
as  principal  on a  fixed  price  basis,  each  agent  may  engage  in  certain
transactions that stabilize the price of the notes.  Transactions may consist of
bids or purchases for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of
the notes.  If an agent  creates a short  position in the notes,  that is, if it
sells Notes in an aggregate  principal  amount  exceeding  that set forth in the
applicable  pricing  supplement,  such agent may reduce  that short  position by
purchasing  notes in the open  market.  In general,  purchases  of notes for the
purpose of  stabilization or to reduce a short position could cause the price of
notes to be higher than it might be in the absence of such purchases.



                                      S-5
<PAGE>

         Neither we nor any of our agents make any  representation or prediction
as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the  transactions  described
above may have on the price of the notes. In addition, neither we nor any of the
agents  make  any  representation  that  the  agents  will  engage  in any  such
transactions or that such  transactions  once commenced will not be discontinued
without notice.

         The agents and dealers which  participate  in the offering of the notes
may be deemed to be  "underwriters"  within the meaning of the Securities Act of
1933. We have agreed to indemnify the agents and certain other persons  against,
and to provide  contribution  with respect to,  certain  liabilities,  including
liabilities  under the  Securities  Act.  We also have agreed to  reimburse  the
agents for certain other expenses.

         The agents have in the past  performed,  and in the future may perform,
various services for us in the ordinary course of its business.

                                  LEGAL MATTERS

Our counsel, Foley & Lardner, Milwaukee,  Wisconsin will issue its opinion as to
the validity of the notes being issued. Schiff Hardin & Waite, Chicago, Illinois
will issue an  opinion  for the agents as to  certain  matters  relating  to the
offering of the notes.


                                      S-6

<PAGE>
         THE  INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED.
WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER
TO  SELL  THESE  SECURITIES  AND IT IS NOT  SOLICITING  AN  OFFER  TO BUY  THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

                                                           Subject to Completion
                                                           October 6, 1999

PROSPECTUS

                            WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION
                             700 North Adams Street
                                 P.O. Box 19001
                         Green Bay, Wisconsin 54307-9001
                                 (920) 433-1727
                                  $400,000,000


                                 DEBT SECURITIES
                 COMMON STOCK (WITH ASSOCIATED PURCHASE RIGHTS)
                              --------------------

         We will provide  specific  terms of these  securities in supplements to
this prospectus.

         You should read this prospectus and any supplement carefully before you
invest.

                              --------------------

         These  securities have not been approved by the Securities and Exchange
Commission  or any state  securities  commission,  nor have these  organizations
determined that this prospectus is accurate or complete.  Any  representation to
the contrary is a criminal offense.


                      The date of this prospectus is ____________, 1999

<PAGE>
                                     SUMMARY

         This summary highlights selected information from this document and may
not contain all of the  information  that is important to you. To understand the
terms of our  securities,  you  should  carefully  read this  document  with the
attached prospectus supplement.  Together these documents will give the specific
terms of the  securities we are offering.  You should also read the documents we
have  incorporated  by reference into this  prospectus for information on us and
our financial statements.

THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

         This  prospectus is part of a registration  statement  (No.  333-_____)
that we filed with the  Securities and Exchange  Commission  utilizing a "shelf"
registration  process.  Under this shelf process, we may offer from time to time
up to $400,000,000 of the following securities: debt securities and common stock
with associated common stock purchase rights.  This prospectus provides you with
a  general  description  of the  securities  we may  offer.  Each  time we offer
securities,  we will provide you with a prospectus supplement that will describe
the specific  amounts,  prices and terms of the securities  being  offered.  The
prospectus  supplement may also add, update or change  information  contained in
this prospectus.

DEBT SECURITIES

         We may offer unsecured general obligations of our company, which may be
senior or  subordinate.  We will refer to the  senior  debt  securities  and the
subordinated   debt  securities   together  in  this  prospectus  as  the  "debt
securities".  The senior debt  securities  will have the same rank as all of our
other unsecured,  unsubordinated  debt. The subordinated debt securities will be
entitled  to payment  only after  payment  on our  senior  indebtedness.  Senior
indebtedness  includes all  indebtedness  for money  borrowed by us,  except our
currently  outstanding junior  subordinated  deferrable  interest debentures due
2038 and any indebtedness issued in the future that is stated to be not superior
to, or to have the same rank as, the subordinated debt securities.

         Claims  of  creditors  and any  preferred  shareholders  of each of our
subsidiaries  generally  will have  priority  with  respect  to the  assets  and
earnings  of such  subsidiaries  over  the  claims  of our  creditors.  The debt
securities  therefore will be effectively  subordinated to creditors,  including
holders of secured indebtedness, and preferred shareholders of our subsidiaries.

         The senior debt securities will be issued under an indenture between us
and Firstar Bank, National Association. The subordinated debt securities will be
issued  under an  indenture  between us and the trustee we name in a  prospectus
supplement.  We encourage you to read the  indentures  which are exhibits to the
registration  statement and our recent periodic and current reports that we file
with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

<PAGE>

GENERAL INDENTURE PROVISIONS THAT APPLY TO SENIOR AND SUBORDINATED DEBT
SECURITIES

         Neither  indenture  limits  the  amount of debt that we may  incur.  In
addition, neither indenture provides holders with any protection should there be
a recapitalization or restructuring involving our company.

         The indentures  allow us to merge or consolidate  with another company,
or to sell all or most of our assets to another company.  If these events occur,
the other  company will be required to assume our  responsibilities  relating to
the  debt  securities,  and  we  will  be  released  from  all  liabilities  and
obligations.

         The  indentures  provide that holders of a majority of the  outstanding
principal  amount  of any  series  of debt  securities  may vote to  change  our
obligations or your rights concerning that series. However, to change the amount
or timing of payments of principal or interest or other payments for a series of
debt securities, every holder in the series must consent.

         We may discharge our  obligations  under the indenture  relating to the
senior or subordinated debt securities by depositing with the trustee sufficient
funds  or  government  obligations  to  pay  the  senior  or  subordinated  debt
securities when due.

         EVENTS OF DEFAULT.  Each  indenture  provides  that the  following  are
events of default:

         -        If we do not pay interest for 30 days after its due date.

         -        If we do not pay principal or premium when due.

         -        If we continue to breach a covenant for 60 days after notice.

         -        If we enter bankruptcy or become insolvent.

         If an event of  default  occurs  with  respect  to any  series  of debt
securities, the trustee or holders of 25% of the outstanding principal amount of
that series may declare the principal amount of the series immediately  payable.
However,  holders of a majority of the principal amount may rescind this action.
If the event of default is due to our bankruptcy or insolvency,  the outstanding
principal  amount of all the debt  securities will become  immediately  payable,
without  any  action  on the part of the  trustees  or the  holders  of the debt
securities.

GENERAL INDENTURE PROVISIONS THAT APPLY ONLY TO SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES

         Our failure to pay when due,  subject to any  applicable  grace period,
any principal of, or interest on, any  indebtedness  for borrowed money incurred
or guaranteed by us in the aggregate  principal  amount of at least  $50,000,000
constitutes an event of default under the senior indenture.

         The senior indenture requires us, so long as any senior debt securities
are outstanding:


                                       2
<PAGE>

         -        to own all of the outstanding shares of voting common stock of
                  Wisconsin  Public Service  Corporation  unless we transfer the
                  shares  pursuant  to our  merger or  consolidation  or sale of
                  substantially all of our properties.

         -        not to  pledge or grant a  security  interest  or  permit  any
                  pledge, security interest or other lien upon any capital stock
                  of any of our  subsidiaries to secure  indebtedness  for money
                  borrowed without  securing the senior debt securities  equally
                  and notably with the other secured indebtedness except for

                  *        pledges,  security interests or encumbrances  created
                           to secure the purchase  price of the capital stock of
                           the subsidiaries,

                  *        liens and security  interests existing at the time of
                           our acquisition of the shares or

                  *        any  extension  or renewal of any  permitted  pledge,
                           security interest or encumbrance.



GENERAL INDENTURE PROVISIONS THAT APPLY ONLY TO SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES

         The  subordinated  debt  securities  will be subordinated to all senior
indebtedness.  In addition, as previously noted under "DEBT SECURITIES",  claims
of the  creditors  and  preferred  shareholders  of  each  of  our  subsidiaries
generally  will have  priority  with  respect  to that  subsidiary's  assets and
earnings over the claims of our creditors, including holders of the subordinated
debt  securities.   The  subordinated  debt  securities,   therefore,   will  be
effectively   subordinated  to  creditors  and  preferred  shareholders  of  our
subsidiaries.

COMMON STOCK

         We may offer  shares of our common  stock,  par value  $1.00 per share.
Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive  dividends  when declared by
the Board of Directors.  Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote
per  share.  The  holders  of our  common  stock  have no  preemptive  rights or
cumulative  voting  rights.  Our  articles  of  incorporation  do not  presently
authorize  our company to issue  preferred  stock or other stock  having  rights
prior to those of the holders of our common stock.

         Each  share  of our  common  stock  will  have an  associated  right to
purchase  one share of our common  stock at an exercise  price of $85 per share.
The rights are not presently exercisable. Under certain circumstances,  however,
each right will entitle the holder to purchase at the exercise  price our common
stock having a market value of twice the exercise  price.  See  "DESCRIPTION  OF
COMMON  STOCK -  Pre-emptive  Rights;  Common  Stock  Purchase  Rights"  in this
Prospectus.



                                       3
<PAGE>

RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

         The  ratio  of  earnings  to  fixed  charges  for  each of the  periods
indicated are as follows:

                             SIX MONTHS
                           ENDED JUNE 30,          YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
                           --------------    -----------------------------------
                           1999      1998    1998   1997   1996   1995    1994
                           ----      ----    ----   ----   ----   -----   ----
Ratio of earnings to
 fixed charges..........   3.64      3.27    2.83   3.15   3.06    3.47   3.39

         We have  computed  the ratio of earnings  to fixed  charges by dividing
earnings,  which  includes  income  before  taxes  and fixed  charges,  by fixed
charges.  This calculation excludes the effects of accounting changes which have
been made over  time.  "Fixed  charges"  consist of (1)  interest  on debt and a
portion of rentals  determined  to be  representative  of  interest  and (2) the
preferred stock dividend  requirements of our subsidiaries.  The preferred stock
dividend  requirements  of our  subsidiaries  were  assumed  to be  equal to the
pre-tax  earnings  that would be  required to cover such  dividend  requirements
based on our effective income tax rates for the respective periods.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

         We file annual,  quarterly and current  reports,  proxy  statements and
other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  You may read and
copy any document we file at the Commission's public reference room at 450 Fifth
Street,   N.W.,   Washington,   D.C.,  20549.  Please  call  the  Commission  at
1-800-SEC-O330  for  further  information  on the public  reference  rooms.  Our
Securities and Exchange  Commission  filings are also available to the public at
the Commission's web site at http://www.sec.gov.

         The Securities and Exchange  Commission  allows us to  "incorporate  by
reference"  into this  prospectus  the  information we file with it, which means
that we can disclose  important  information  to you by  referring  you to those
documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of
this  prospectus,  and later  information  that we file with the Commission will
automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference
the documents  listed below and any future  filings made with the Securities and
Exchange  Commission  under Section 13(a),  13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 until our offering is completed:

         i.       Annual  Report on Form 10-K for the year  ended  December  31,
                  1998, as amended by Form 10-K/A filed June 8, 1999;

         ii.      Quarterly  Reports on Form 1O-Q for the  quarters  ended March
                  31, 1999 and June 30, 1999;

         iii.     Current  Report on Form  8-K/A,  filed on March 1,  1999,  and
                  Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 1, 1999; and



                                       4
<PAGE>

         iv.      Description   of  Common  Stock   contained  in   Registration
                  Statement on Form 8-B filed on June 1, 1994; and

         v.       Description  of Common  Stock  Purchase  Rights  contained  in
                  Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on December 13, 1996.

         You may request a copy of these  filings,  at no cost, by writing to or
telephoning us at the following address:

                           WPS Resources Corporation
                           Attn:  Secretary
                           700 North Adams Street
                           P.O. Box 19001
                           Green Bay, Wisconsin  54307-9001
                           (920) 433-1727

         Our   reports   are  also   available   on  our   website   located  at
http://www.wpsr.com.

         You should rely only on the  information  incorporated  by reference or
provided in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. We have not authorized
anyone  else to provide  you with  different  information.  We are not making an
offer of these  securities  in any state where the offer is not  permitted.  You
should not assume that the  information  in this  prospectus  or any  prospectus
supplement  is  accurate  as of any date other than the date on the front of the
document.

                                   THE COMPANY

         We operate as a holding  company with both regulated and  non-regulated
business units.  We are organized under the laws of the State of Wisconsin.  Our
principal  wholly-owned  subsidiary is Wisconsin Public Service  Corporation,  a
regulated  electric and gas utility operating in northeastern  Wisconsin and the
Upper Peninsula of Michigan.  Our other major  subsidiaries  are Upper Peninsula
Power Company,  a regulated electric company operating in the Upper Peninsula of
Michigan;  WPS Energy Services,  Inc., a diversified  energy company which sells
electric  energy,  natural gas and  alternate  fuel  products,  risk  management
consulting  services and project  management;  and WPS Power Development,  Inc.,
which develops, acquires and owns electric projects and provides services to the
electric power generation industry.

                                 USE OF PROCEEDS

         Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement,  we
will use the net proceeds we receive from the sale of the securities  offered by
this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement for general corporate
purposes.  General  corporate  purposes  may include the  repayment  of debt and
investments  in or  extensions  of credit  to our  subsidiaries.  It is  likely,
however, that most of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and the
accompanying  prospectus  supplement  will be  issued  in  connection  with  the
financing of possible acquisitions or business expansion.  We may invest the net
proceeds temporarily or apply the net proceeds to repay short-term debt until we
use the net proceeds for one of these stated purposes.



                                       5
<PAGE>

                       DESCRIPTION OF THE DEBT SECURITIES

         The  following  description  of the terms of the debt  securities  sets
forth general terms that may apply to the debt securities.  The particular terms
of any series of debt securities will be described in the prospectus  supplement
relating to those debt securities.

         The debt  securities  will be either our senior debt  securities or our
subordinated debt securities. The senior debt securities will be issued under an
indenture  dated as of October 1, 1999  between us and  Firstar  Bank,  National
Association,  Cincinnati,  Ohio as trustee. This indenture is referred to as the
"senior  indenture".  The  subordinated  debt securities will be issued under an
indenture to be entered  into  between us and the trustee  named in a prospectus
supplement.  This indenture is referred to as the "subordinated indenture". This
prospectus  refers  to the  senior  indenture  and  the  subordinated  indenture
together as the "indentures".

         The  following  is a summary of the most  important  provisions  of the
indentures.  Copies of the entire  indentures  are exhibits to the  registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part.  Section  references  below are to
the  section  in  the  applicable  indenture.  The  referenced  sections  of the
indentures are incorporated by reference.

General

         Neither  indenture  limits  the amount of debt  securities  that we may
issue.  Each  indenture  provides that debt  securities  may be issued up to the
principal amount  authorized by us from time to time. The senior debt securities
will be unsecured and will have the same rank as all of our other  unsecured and
unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and will
be subordinated and junior to all senior indebtedness.

         The debt  securities  may be issued in one or more  separate  series of
senior  debt  securities  or  subordinated   debt  securities.   The  prospectus
supplement  relating to the particular  series of debt securities  being offered
will specify the particular amounts,  prices and terms of those debt securities.
These terms may include:

         -        the title of the debt securities;

         -        any  limit  on the  aggregate  principal  amount  of the  debt
                  securities of the series;

         -        the date on which the debt securities will mature;

         -        the interest rate or rates, or the method of determining those
                  rates;

         -        the date from  which  interest  will  accrue or the method for
                  determining such date;

         -        the interest payment dates and the regular record dates;

         -        the places where payments may be made;

         -        any mandatory or optional redemption provisions;



                                       6
<PAGE>

         -        any sinking fund or analogous provisions;

         -        the portion of principal  amount of the debt security  payable
                  upon acceleration of maturity if other than the full principal
                  amount;

         -        any  additions to the events of default or covenants  included
                  in the indenture  under which the debt  securities are issued,
                  as described in this prospectus;

         -        if other than U.S.  dollars,  the currency or  currencies,  or
                  units based on or related to currencies,  in which payments on
                  the debt securities will be payable;

         -        whether  the debt  securities  will be issued in the form of a
                  global security;

         -        any other specific terms of the debt securities.

The debt securities  will be registered  debt  securities and, unless  otherwise
specified  in the  prospectus  supplement,  will be payable  in U.S.  dollars in
denominations of $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000.

(Sections 2.01 and 3.01)

         Some of the debt  securities  may be issued as original  issue discount
debt  securities.  Original issue discount  securities  bear no interest or bear
interest at below-market rates and will be sold at a discount below their stated
principal  amount.  The applicable  prospectus  supplement will also contain any
special tax, accounting or other information relating to original issue discount
securities or to other kinds of debt securities  that may be offered,  including
debt  securities  linked to an index or  payable in  currencies  other than U.S.
dollars.

Exchange, Registration and Transfer

         Debt  securities may be transferred or exchanged at the corporate trust
office of the security  registrar or at any other office or agency maintained by
us for those purposes. Except as otherwise described in a prospectus supplement,
no  service  charge  will be  payable  upon the  transfer  or  exchange  of debt
securities, except for any applicable tax or governmental charge. (Section 3.05)
The  designated  security  registrar  for the senior debt  securities is Firstar
Bank,  National  Association,   located  at  425  Walnut  Street,  Sixth  Floor,
Cincinnati,  Ohio  45202.  The  security  registrar  for the  subordinated  debt
securities will be designated in a prospectus supplement.

         In the event of any  redemption  of any series of debt  securities,  we
will not be required to:

         1.       issue, register the transfer of, or exchange,  debt securities
                  of any series between the opening of business 15 business days
                  before the date of the mailing of the notice of  redemption of
                  the debt  securities  of that  series to be  redeemed  and the
                  close of  business  on the  date of  mailing  of the  relevant
                  notice of redemption; or



                                       7
<PAGE>

         2.       register  the  transfer  of, or  exchange,  any debt  security
                  selected  for  redemption,  in whole or in  part,  except  the
                  unredeemed  portion of any debt  security  being  redeemed  in
                  part.

         (Section 3.05)

Payment And Paying Agent

         We will pay  principal,  interest  and any  premium on debt  securities
which are not global  securities at the office of the paying agent. We will make
payment of interest on the debt  securities  which are not global  securities by
check mailed to the persons in whose names the debt securities are registered on
days  specified in the indentures or the applicable  prospectus  supplement.  We
will also make payments by wire  transfer to a U.S. bank  designated by a holder
of debt securities in an aggregate principal amount of at least $10,000,000, all
of which have the same interest payment dates, upon receipt of a written request
from the holder,  on or before the record date for the payment,  designating the
account to which the payment is to be made. (Section 2.05)

         If any amount payable on any debt security remains unclaimed at the end
of two years  after the amount  became due and  payable,  the paying  agent will
release any  unclaimed  amounts to us, and the holder of the debt  security will
look only to us for payment. (Section 10.07)

         The paying agent for the senior debt securities is First Bank, National
Association,  located at 425 Walnut Street, Sixth Floor, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202.
The paying agent for the subordinated  debt securities will be designated in the
applicable prospectus supplement.

Book-Entry Securities

         We may initially issue the debt securities of any series in the form of
one or more global  securities  under a  book-entry  only  system  operated by a
securities  depositary.  Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement,  the Depository Trust Company ("DTC"),  New York, New York, will act
as securities  depositary for each series of debt  securities that are issued as
fully-registered  securities. The indenture trustee will register in the name of
CEDE & Co. (DTC's partnership  nominee) those securities for which DTC is acting
as depositary.  Individual  purchases of book-entry interests in any of the debt
securities will be made in book-entry form. So long as CEDE & Co., as nominee of
DTC, is the securityholder, references in this prospectus to holders of the debt
securities or registered  owners will mean CEDE & Co., rather than the owners of
beneficial ownership interests in the debt securities.

         DTC is a  limited-purpose  trust company  organized  under the New York
Banking Law, a "banking organization" within the meaning of the new York Banking
Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation" within the
meaning  of the  New  York  Uniform  Commercial  Code  and a  "clearing  agency"
registered  pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934. DTC holds securities that its direct participants deposit with DTC.
DTC also  facilitates  the  settlement  among  DTC  participants  of  securities
transactions  such as  transfers  and pledges of  deposited  securities  through
electronic   computerized   book-entry   changes  in   accounts  of  DTC  direct
participants,  thereby  eliminating the need for physical movement of



                                       8
<PAGE>

securities certificates.  DTC direct participants include securities brokers and
dealers,  banks,  trust  companies,  clearing  corporations  and  certain  other
organizations.  DTC is owned by a number of the DTC direct  participants  and by
the New York Stock Exchange,  Inc., the American Stock  Exchange,  Inc., and the
National  Association of Securities  Dealers,  Inc.  Access to the DTC system is
also  available to others,  such as  securities  brokers and dealers,  banks and
trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial  relationship  with a
DTC direct participant,  either directly or indirectly.  The rules applicable to
DTC and its participants are on file with he Securities and Exchange Commission.

         Anyone desiring to purchase debt  securities  under the DTC system must
make these purchases by or through DTC direct  participants which will receive a
credit  for the debt  securities  on DTC's  records.  The  direct  and  indirect
participants will in turn record the ownership interest of each actual purchaser
of the debt securities on the records of the direct or indirect participant. DTC
will  not  provide  beneficial  owners  of  the  debt  securities  with  written
confirmations of their purchases.  Owners of book-entry interests should receive
from the direct or indirect participant written confirmations of their purchases
providing  details of the beneficial  owners  transactions,  as well as periodic
statements of their holdings. DTC direct and indirect participants are to effect
transfers of beneficial  ownership interests by entries made on the books of the
DTC direct or indirect  participants  acting on behalf of the beneficial owners.
Owners of  beneficial  interests in the debt  securities  will not receive or be
entitled to receive  certificates  representing their ownership interests in the
debt securities, except as described below upon the discontinuance of the use of
the book-entry system.

         Principal  and the  redemption  price of, and interest  payments on the
debt securities held by or on behalf of DTC as depositary will be made to Cede &
Co., as nominee of DTC.  DTC's  practice is to credit the accounts of DTC direct
participants  upon  DTC's  receipt  from the  issuer  or  trustee  of funds  and
corresponding  detail  information  on a payment date in  accordance  with their
respective  holdings  shown on the  records of DTC.  Payments  by DTC direct and
indirect  participants to owners of beneficial  ownership  interests in the debt
securities will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as
is the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or
registered in "street name," and will be the  responsibility  of such DTC direct
or indirect  participant and not of DTC, the indenture trustee or us, subject to
any statutory or regulatory  requirements as may be in effect from time to time.
DTC is responsible  for disbursing  such payments to the  appropriate DTC direct
participants,  and those DTC direct participants, and any indirect participants,
are in turn  responsible  for disbursing the payment to the owners of beneficial
ownership interests.

         To facilitate subsequent transfers, the indenture trustee will register
all debt securities which DTC direct  participants  deposit with DTC in the name
of DTC's partnership nominee, Cede & Co. The deposit of debt securities with DTC
and their  registration in the name of Cede & Co. effect no change in beneficial
ownership.  DTC has no  knowledge  of the actual  beneficial  owners of the debt
securities;   DTC's  records  reflect  only  the  identity  of  the  DTC  direct
participants  to whose accounts the debt  securities are credited,  which may or
may not be the beneficial  owners.  The participants will remain responsible for
keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.



                                       9
<PAGE>

         Conveyance  of notices  and other  communications  by DTC to DTC direct
participants,  by direct  participants to indirect  participants,  and by direct
participants and indirect  participants to beneficial  owners of debt securities
will be  governed  by  arrangements  among  them,  subject to any  statutory  or
regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time.

         The indenture  trustees will send redemption  notices to DTC. If we are
redeeming less than all of the debt securities  within an issue,  DTC's practice
is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each direct  participant in
such issue to be redeemed.

         Neither  DTC nor Cede & Co.  will  consent or vote with  respect to the
debt securities.  Under its usual procedures,  DTC will mail an omnibus proxy to
us as soon as possible  after the record date.  The omnibus proxy assigns Cede &
Co.'s  consenting  or voting  rights to those DTC direct  participants  to whose
accounts the debt  securities  are credited on the record date  (identified in a
listing attached to the omnibus proxy).

         DTC  may   discontinue   providing  its  services  as  debt  securities
depositary with respect to the debt securities at any time by giving  reasonable
notice to us or the indenture trustee.  Under these circumstances,  in the event
that  a  successor  securities   depositary  is  not  obtained,   debt  security
certificates are required to be printed and delivered.

         We may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry  transfers
through DTC (or a successor securities depositary). In that event, we will cause
debt security certificates to be printed and delivered.

         The  information in this section  concerning  DTC and DTC's  book-entry
system has been  obtained  from  sources  that we believe  to be  reliable,  but
neither we, the indenture  trustees nor any underwriter takes any responsibility
for  the  accuracy  of  the  description  of  DTC's  business  organization  and
procedures.

         Neither  we nor  the  trustees  under  the  indentures  will  have  any
responsibility  or obligation to any DTC direct or indirect  participant  or any
owner of a book-entry interest or any other person not shown on the registration
books of the trustees as being a holder of the debt  securities with respect to:
(1) any debt  securities;  (2) the accuracy of any records  maintained by DTC or
any DTC direct or indirect participant; (3) the payment by DTC or any DTC direct
or indirect  participant of any amount due to any owner of a book-entry interest
in respect of the  principal  or  redemption  price of or  interest  on the debt
securities; (4) the delivery by DTC or any DTC direct or indirect participant of
any notice to any owner of a book-entry  interest which is required or permitted
under the terms of the indentures to be given to holders of the debt securities;
(5) the selection of the owners of a book-entry  interest to receive  payment in
the event of any partial  redemption of any senior debt  securities;  or (6) any
consent  given or other action taken by DTC or its nominee as holder of the debt
securities.



                                       10
<PAGE>

Limitation On Merger, Consolidation And Certain Sales Of Assets

         We may,  without  the  consent of the  holders of the debt  securities,
merge into or consolidate with any other corporation,  or convey or transfer all
or  substantially  all of our properties  and assets to another person  provided
that:

         1.       the successor is a corporation;

         2.       the  successor   expressly  assumes  on  the  same  terms  and
                  conditions all the  obligations  under the debt securities and
                  the indentures;

         3.       immediately  after giving effect to the transaction,  there is
                  no default under the applicable indenture; and

         4.       We deliver to the  trustees  a  certificate  and an opinion of
                  counsel  stating  that  the  transaction   complies  with  the
                  indentures. (Sections 8.01 and 8.02)

         The remaining or acquiring corporation will take over all of our rights
and obligations under the indentures. (Section 8.03)

Satisfaction And Discharge; Defeasance

         We may be discharged from our obligations on the debt securities of any
series that have  matured or will  mature or be  redeemed  within one year if we
deposit with the trustee enough cash to pay all the principal,  interest and any
premium  due  to the  stated  maturity  date  or  redemption  date  of the  debt
securities. (Section 4.01)

         Each  indenture  contains  a  provision  that  permits  either  (1) our
discharge  from all of our  obligations  (subject  to limited  exceptions)  with
respect to any series of debt  securities  then  outstanding  or (2) our release
from our obligations  under  covenants  respecting any series of debt securities
and from the  consequences  of an event of default  resulting from the breach of
those covenants.

         To exercise either of these two options,  we must deposit in trust with
the trustee enough money to pay in full the  principal,  interest and premium on
the  series of debt  securities.  This  amount may be made in cash  and/or  U.S.
government obligations.  (Sections 13.02 and 13.03) As a condition to exercising
either of the above options, we must deliver to the trustee a ruling directed to
the trustee from the Internal  Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel based on
an Internal Revenue Service Ruling or a change in applicable  federal income tax
law since the date of the indenture, in each case to the effect that the holders
of the debt  securities  will not  recognize  income,  gain or loss for  Federal
income  tax  purposes  as a result of the  action and will be subject to Federal
income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would
have been the case if the action had not taken place. (Section 13.04)

         If we  exercise  either  of  these  options,  the  holders  of the debt
securities of the series  affected will be entitled to receive,  solely from the
trust fund,  payments of principal,  interest and premium



                                       11
<PAGE>

on the debt  securities and will not be entitled to any of the other benefits of
the  indenture,   except  for  limited  provisions   including  our  obligations
respecting registration of transfer and exchange of debt securities, replacement
of lost, stolen or mutilated debt securities, maintenance of paying agencies and
holding moneys for payment in trust. (Sections 13.02 and 13.03)

Events Of Default, Notice And Waiver

         Each  indenture  defines an event of default with respect to any series
of debt securities as one or more of the following events:

         -        our failure to pay  interest on any debt  security for 30 days
                  after it is due;

         -        our  failure to pay the  principal  or any premium on any debt
                  securities when due;

         -        our  failure  to  perform  any  other  covenant  in  the  debt
                  securities of the series or in the  applicable  indenture with
                  respect to debt  securities  of that  series for 60 days after
                  being given notice of the failure; and

         -        our entering into bankruptcy or becoming insolvent.

         In  addition,  our failure to pay when due,  subject to any  applicable
grace period,  any principal of, or interest on, any  indebtedness  for borrowed
money incurred or guaranteed by us in the aggregate principal amount of at least
$50,000,000 constitutes an event of default under the senior indenture. An event
of default  for one series of debt  securities  is not  necessarily  an event of
default for any other series of debt securities.
(Section 5.01)

         Each indenture  requires the trustee to give the holders of a series of
debt  securities  notice of a default with respect to that series within 30 days
unless the default is cured or waived.  However,  the trustee may withhold  this
notice  if it  determines  in good  faith  that it is in the  interest  of those
holders.  The trustee may not,  however,  withhold  this notice in the case of a
payment default. (Section 6.02)

         Other than the duty to act with the required standard of care during an
event of default,  a trustee is not  obligated  to exercise any of its rights or
powers under the  indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of
debt  securities,  unless the holders  have  offered to the  trustee  reasonable
indemnification.  (Section  6.03)  Generally,  the  holders  of  a  majority  in
principal  amount of  outstanding  debt  securities of any series may direct the
time,  method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to
the trustee,  or exercising  any trust or other power  conferred on the trustee.
(Section 5.12)

         If an event of default with respect to series of debt securities (other
than due to events of  bankruptcy,  insolvency or  reorganization)  occurs,  the
trustee or the  holders  of at least 25% in  aggregate  principal  amount of the
outstanding  debt  securities of that series,  by notice in writing to us and to
the trustee, may declare the unpaid principal of and accrued interest on all the
debt securities of that series to be due and payable  immediately  and, upon any
such declaration, the debt securities of that series will become immediately due
and payable.



                                       12
<PAGE>

         If an  event  of  default  occurs  due  to  bankruptcy,  insolvency  or
reorganization,  all unpaid principal of and accrued interest on the outstanding
debt  securities of any series will become  immediately  due and payable without
any  declaration  or other act on the part of the  trustee  or any holder of any
debt security of that series. (Section 5.02)

         The holders of not less than a majority of the principal  amount of the
outstanding  debt  securities  of  any  series  may  rescind  a  declaration  of
acceleration  and its  consequences  with respect to the debt securities of this
series if:

         -        all existing  events of default,  other than the nonpayment of
                  principal  of and  interest  on the  debt  securities  of that
                  series  that  have  become  due  solely  as a  result  of such
                  declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived;

         -        to the extent  lawful,  interest  on overdue  interest  and on
                  overdue principal that has become due otherwise than by reason
                  of such acceleration has been paid;

         -        the rescission  would not conflict with any judgment or decree
                  of a court of competent jurisdiction; and

         -        all amounts due to the trustee under the  indenture  have been
                  paid.

(Section 5.02)

         Each  indenture  requires  us to  file  annually  with  the  trustee  a
certificate of our principal  executive,  financial or accounting  officer as to
the knowledge of the officer of our compliance with all conditions and covenants
under the indenture. (Section 7.04)

Modification of the Indentures

         Together  with the trustee,  we may modify the  indentures  without the
consent of the holders for  limited  purposes,  including  adding  covenants  or
events  of  default,  establishing  forms or terms  of debt  securities,  curing
ambiguities  and making certain other changes which do not adversely  affect the
holders in any material respect.
(Section 9.01)

         Together with the trustee,  we may make modifications and amendments to
each indenture with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount
of the outstanding debt securities of all affected series.
However, without the consent of each affected holder, no modification may:

         -        change the stated  maturity  or interest  payment  date of any
                  debt security;

         -        reduce the principal,  premium (if any) or rate of interest on
                  any debt security;

         -        change any place of payment or the  currency in which any debt
                  security is payable;

         -        impair  the right to  enforce  any  payment  after the  stated
                  maturity, payment, or redemption date;



                                       13
<PAGE>

         -        reduce  the   percentage  of  holders  of   outstanding   debt
                  securities   of  any  series   required   to  consent  to  any
                  modification, amendment or waiver under the indenture;

         -        change the redemption  provisions of the indenture in a manner
                  adverse to a holder; or

         -        change the  provisions  of the  indenture  which relate to its
                  modification or amendment. (Section 9.02)

Governing Law

         The  indentures  and the  debt  securities  will be  governed  by,  and
construed under, the laws of the State of Wisconsin.

Concerning The Trustees

         We may from  time to time  maintain  lines of  credit,  and have  other
customary banking relationships,  with the trustee under the senior indenture or
the trustee under the subordinated indenture.

Senior Debt Securities

         The senior debt securities will be unsecured and will rank equally with
all of our other unsecured and non-subordinated debt.

         Our failure to pay when due,  subject to any  applicable  grace period,
any principal of, or interest on, any  indebtedness  for borrowed money incurred
or guaranteed by us in the aggregate  principal  amount of at least  $50,000,000
constitutes an event of default under the senior indenture.

         We  agree  in the  senior  indenture  that so long as any  senior  debt
securities are  outstanding,  we will own,  directly or  indirectly,  all of the
shares of voting common stock of Wisconsin  Public  Service  Corporation  now or
hereafter issued and  outstanding,  unless we transfer or sell these shares in a
transaction which complies with the provisions of the senior indenture  relating
to our merger, consolidation or sale of substantially all of our properties. See
"Limitation  on  Merger,  Consolidation  and  Certain  Sales of  Assets" in this
Prospectus. (Section 10.08)

         We  agree  in the  senior  indenture  that so long as any  senior  debt
securities are outstanding,  we will not pledge or grant a security interest in,
or permit any pledge, security interest or other lien upon, any capital stock of
any of our subsidiaries to secure any  indebtedness for money borrowed,  without
making  effective  provision  to secure the senior debt  securities  equally and
ratably  with  the  other  indebtedness  and any  other  indebtedness  similarly
entitled to be equally and ratably  secured.  This  restriction  will not apply,
however, to (l) the creation or existence of any pledge,  security interest,  or
encumbrance upon any of the capital stock of our subsidiaries (A) created at the
time of our  acquisition  of the  capital  stock or  within  one year  after our
acquisition  of the  capital  stock to secure all or a portion  of the  purchase
price for the capital  stock or (B) existing


                                       14
<PAGE>

on the capital stock at the time of our acquisition of it, or (2) any extension,
renewal or refunding of any pledge,  security interest, or encumbrance described
in clause (1). (Section 10.09)

Subordinated Debt Securities

         The  subordinated  debt securities will be unsecured.  The subordinated
debt  securities  will  be  subordinate  in  right  of  payment  to  all  senior
indebtedness.  (Section 14.01 of Subordinated Indenture) In addition,  claims of
our  subsidiaries'  creditors and  preferred  shareholders  generally  will have
priority  with respect to the assets and earnings of the  subsidiaries  over the
claims of our creditors,  including holders of the subordinated debt securities,
even though  those  obligations  may not  constitute  senior  indebtedness.  The
subordinated  debt securities,  therefore,  will be effectively  subordinated to
creditors,   including  trade  creditors,  and  preferred  shareholders  of  our
subsidiaries.

         The subordinated  indenture  defines "senior  indebtedness" to mean the
principal of, premium, if any, and interest on:

         -        all of our indebtedness for money borrowed;

         -        indebtedness  evidenced by  securities,  debentures,  bonds or
                  other similar instruments issued by us;

         -        all of our capital lease obligations;

         -        all of our  obligations  issued  or  assumed  as the  deferred
                  purchase  price  of  property,  all of our  conditional  sales
                  contracts and all of our obligations under any title retention
                  agreements  (but excluding  trade accounts  payable arising in
                  the ordinary course of business);

         -        all of our  obligations  for  reimbursement  on any  letter of
                  credit,  banker's  acceptance,  security  purchase facility or
                  similar credit transaction;

         -        all  obligations  of the types  previously  described of other
                  persons for the payment of which we are  responsible or liable
                  as obligor, guarantor or otherwise; and

         -        all  obligations  of the types  previously  described of other
                  persons secured by any lien on any of our property, whether or
                  not such obligation is assumed by us.

         However, the term "senior indebtedness" will not include:

         -        our 7.00% Junior  Subordinated  Deferrable Interest Debentures
                  due 2038;

         -        any  indebtedness  which is by its terms  subordinated,  to or
                  pari passu with, the subordinated debt securities; or

         -        any of our obligations to any of our affiliates.



                                       15
<PAGE>

         There is no limitation  under either  indenture on our ability to issue
additional  senior  indebtedness.  The senior debt securities  constitute senior
indebtedness under the subordinated indenture.  The subordinated debt securities
will rank equally with our other subordinated indebtedness.

         Under  the  subordinated  indenture,  no  payment  may be  made  on the
subordinated  debt securities,  including any redemption or sinking fund payment
if:

         -        any of our senior  indebtedness has not been paid when due and
                  any applicable  grace period has ended and the default has not
                  been cured or waived or ceased to exist, or

         -        the maturity of any senior  indebtedness  has been and remains
                  accelerated as a result of a default.

         In the event that we pay or distribute our assets to creditors upon any
dissolution,  winding-up, liquidation or reorganization of us, whether voluntary
or involuntary,  the holders of senior  indebtedness will be entitled to receive
payment in full of the senior  indebtedness  before the holders of  subordinated
debt securities are entitled to receive or retain any payment.  Until the senior
indebtedness  is paid in full, any payment or  distribution  to which holders of
subordinated  debt  securities  would  be  entitled  but for  the  subordination
provisions of the  subordinated  indenture will be made to holders of the senior
indebtedness.  (Section 14.03 of  Subordinated  Indenture) If a distribution  is
made to holders of subordinated  debt securities that, due to the  subordination
provisions,  should not have been made to them,  those  holders of  subordinated
debt  securities  are  required  to pay it over  to the  holders  of the  senior
indebtedness  or their  representatives  or  trustees,  as their  interests  may
appear. (Section 14.03 of Subordinated Indenture)

         As  a  result  of  the  subordination   provisions   contained  in  the
subordinated  indenture,  in the event of our insolvency,  our creditors who are
holders of senior  indebtedness may recover more,  ratably,  than the holders of
subordinated debt securities.

                           DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK

         We are  authorized to issue up to  100,000,000  shares of capital stock
consisting of one class only,  designated as "common  stock" with a par value of
$1.00 per share. As of September 30, 1999, 26,780,348 shares of our common stock
were issued and outstanding.

         The  outstanding  shares of our common  stock are,  and any  additional
shares which we may offer will be, listed on the New York Stock  Exchange  under
the symbol "WPS."

Dividend And Liquidation Rights

         All shares of our common stock will participate equally with respect to
dividends and rank equally upon liquidation, subject to the rights of holders of
any prior ranking stock which our shareholders  may authorize in the future.  In
the event of our  liquidation,  dissolution  or  winding  up,  the owners of our
common  stock are  entitled to receive  pro rata the assets and funds  remaining

                                       16
<PAGE>

after  satisfaction  of all of our creditors and payment of all amounts to which
owners of prior ranking stock, if any, then outstanding may be entitled.

Voting Rights

         Except as otherwise described in the immediately  following  paragraphs
and under "Certain  Statutory and Other Provisions"  below,  every holder of our
common stock has one vote for each share.

         Our shareholders do not have cumulative voting rights. As a result, the
holders of shares  entitled  to  exercise  more than 50% of the voting  power of
shares  entitled  to vote,  represented  at a meeting at which a majority of the
shares  entitled  to vote is  represented,  are  entitled  to  elect  all of the
directors to be elected at the meeting.  Under our articles of incorporation and
by-laws,  our board of  directors is divided  into three  classes.  One class is
elected each year for a three-year term.

Provisions of Our Articles of Incorporation with Possible Anti-takeover Effects

         In addition to the  provisions  of our  articles of  incorporation  and
by-laws  dividing  our board of  directors  into three  classes,  certain  other
provisions  of our  articles of  incorporation  may have the effect of delaying,
deferring or preventing a change in control of our company.

         Article 5 of our articles of  incorporation  provides that,  subject to
the exception  discussed  below, a director may be removed only for cause by the
affirmative  vote of  shareholders  possessing a majority of the voting power of
the then  outstanding  shares of voting stock.  As defined in article 5, "cause"
exists only if the director  whose  removal is proposed has been  convicted of a
felony by a court of competent  jurisdiction  and such  conviction  is no longer
subject to direct  appeal or such  director  has been  adjudged to be liable for
negligence or misconduct in the  performance of his duty to us in a matter which
has a materially  adverse effect on our business,  and such  adjudication  is no
longer  subject to direct  appeal.  Article 5 also provides for the removal of a
director by the  shareholders  without cause when such removal is recommended by
the "requisite  vote" of the directors and approved by the  affirmative  vote of
shareholders  possessing a majority of the voting power of the then  outstanding
shares of voting stock. Our articles of incorporation define the term "requisite
vote" as the  affirmative  vote of at least  two-thirds of the directors then in
office  plus  one  director.   Unless  "cause"  is  established  or  removal  is
recommended  by the  requisite  vote of the  directors,  a  director  may not be
removed  from office even if  shareholders  possessing  a majority of the voting
power favor such action.  Additionally,  pursuant to article 5, vacancies on our
board of directors,  including  those  resulting from the removal of a director,
may be filled for the unexpired  portion of the director's  term by the majority
vote of the remaining members of the board.

         Article 5 of our articles of incorporation provides that those sections
of  Article  III of our  by-laws  which set forth the  general  powers,  number,
qualifications  and  classification of directors may be amended or repealed only
by the affirmative  vote of  shareholders  possessing at least 75% of the voting
power of the then  outstanding  shares of our common stock generally  possessing
voting  rights in the election of  directors,  or by the  requisite  vote of the
directors.  Article 5 of our  articles  provides  that  article 5 may  itself be
amended or repealed only by the affirmative  vote of



                                       17
<PAGE>

shareholders possessing at least 75% of the voting power of the then outstanding
shares of our common stock generally possessing voting rights in the election of
directors.

Statutory Provisions with Possible Anti-takeover Effects

         Section  180.1150 of the Wisconsin  Business  Corporation  Law provides
that the  voting  power of  shares of an  "issuing  public  corporation,"  which
includes our company,  which are held by any person  holding in excess of 20% of
the  voting  power  in  the   election  of  directors  of  the  issuing   public
corporation's  shares  shall be limited to 10% of the full voting  power of such
excess  shares.  This  statutory  voting  restriction  will not  apply to shares
acquired directly from us, to shares acquired in a transaction incident to which
our  shareholders  vote to restore the full voting power of such shares,  either
before  or  after  the  acquisition  of the  shares,  and  under  certain  other
circumstances.

         Except as may  otherwise be provided by law,  the required  affirmative
vote  of  shareholders  of  a  Wisconsin  corporation  for  certain  significant
corporate   actions,   including  a  merger  or  share   exchange  with  another
corporation,  sale of all or  substantially  all of the  corporate  property and
assets, or voluntary liquidation,  is a majority of all the votes entitled to be
cast on the  transaction by each voting group of outstanding  shares entitled to
vote on the  transaction.  Sections  180.1130  through 180.1134 of the Wisconsin
Business  Corporation  Law  provide  generally  that,  in  addition  to the vote
otherwise required by law or the articles of incorporation of an "issuing public
corporation,"  business  combinations  not meeting  adequacy-of-price  standards
specified  in the statute must be approved by (a) the holders of at least 80% of
the votes  entitled to be cast and (b)  two-thirds  of the votes  entitled to be
cast by the corporation's  outstanding voting shares owned by persons other than
a "significant shareholder" who is a party to the transaction or an affiliate or
associate of such significant  shareholder.  Section 180.1130 defines  "business
combination"  to  include,  subject  to  certain  exceptions,  a merger or share
exchange of the issuing public  corporation or any of its subsidiaries  with, or
the sale or other  disposition of substantially all assets of the issuing public
corporation to, any significant  shareholder or affiliate  thereof.  The statute
defines  "significant  shareholder"  generally  to  mean a  person  that  is the
beneficial  owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the  outstanding  voting
shares of the issuing public corporation.

         Sections   180.1140   through   180.1145  of  the  Wisconsin   Business
Corporation Law provides that a "resident domestic  corporation," which includes
our  company,  may not engage in a "business  combination"  with an  "interested
stockholder"  within  three  years  after  the  date  on  which  the  interested
stockholder   acquired  his  or  her  10%  or  greater   interest,   unless  the
corporation's  board of  directors  approved the  business  combination,  or the
acquisition of the 10% or greater  interest,  before the stock acquisition date.
The statute defines "interested stockholder" as a person beneficially owning 10%
or more the  aggregate  voting  power of the stock of such  corporation.  If the
interested  stockholder fails to obtain such approval by the board of directors,
then even after the three-year period, the interested stockholder may complete a
business  combination with the corporation only with the approval of the holders
of a  majority  of the voting  stock not  beneficially  owned by the  interested
stockholder,   unless  the  combination   satisfies  certain   adequacy-of-price
standards  intended  to provide a fair price for shares  held by  non-interested
shareholders.



                                       18
<PAGE>

         Section  196.795 of the  Wisconsin  statutes  states that no person may
hold or acquire  directly or indirectly more than 10% of the outstanding  voting
securities of a public utility holding company with the  unconditional  power to
vote  such  securities  unless  the  Public  Service   Commission  of  Wisconsin
determines,  after  investigation  and an  opportunity  for  hearing,  that such
holding or acquisition is in the best interests of utility customers,  investors
and the  public.  Section  196.795  of the  Wisconsin  statutes  applies  to our
company.

         The sections of the Wisconsin law described in the preceding paragraphs
and certain provisions of our articles and by-laws, could have the effect, among
others,  of  discouraging  takeover  proposals  for our  company  or  impeding a
business combination between us and one of our major shareholders.

Preemptive Rights; Common Stock Purchase Rights

         No holder of our common stock has any preemptive or subscription rights
to acquire  shares of our common  stock  except  for the common  stock  purchase
rights attached to each share of our common stock.

         On December 12, 1996,  our board of directors  approved the issuance to
shareholders  as of  December  16,  1996,  of a  dividend  of one right for each
outstanding share of our common stock. A right will also attach to each share of
our common stock which we may offer pursuant to this prospectus and a prospectus
supplement.  These rights are not  presently  exercisable,  but ten days after a
person or group  acquires 15% or more of our common  stock or ten business  days
(subject  to  extension)  after a person or group  announces  a tender  offer to
acquire at least 15% of our common  stock,  the rights will become  exercisable.
These  rights will entitle each holder of our common stock to purchase one share
of our authorized but unissued  common stock for each right.  The exercise price
of each right is $85. Upon the acquisition by any person or group of 15% or more
of our common stock,  each right,  other than rights held by an acquiring party,
will entitle the holder to purchase, at the exercise price, shares of our common
stock  having a market  value of two times the  exercise  price.  The  agreement
setting forth the terms of the rights  excludes from its effect the  inadvertent
acquisition  of 15% or  more of our  common  stock,  provided  there  is  prompt
divestment  to less than 15%.  We may redeem the  rights or may,  under  certain
circumstances,  exchange  the  rights for  shares of our  common  stock,  all as
provided and subject to the limitations set forth in the agreement setting forth
the terms of the rights; otherwise, such rights expire on December 11, 2006.

         The  rights  have   anti-takeover   effects.   The  rights  will  cause
substantial  dilution to a person who attempts to acquire control of our company
without the prior approval of our board of directors. The rights will not affect
a  transaction  approved  by our board of  directors,  because our board has the
power to redeem the rights in connection with a transaction that it approves.

Conversion Rights, Redemption Provisions and Sinking Fund Provisions.

         Our  common  stock is not  convertible,  is not  redeemable  and has no
sinking fund.



                                       19
<PAGE>

Liability to Further Calls or to Assessment

         The  shares of our common  stock  which we may offer  pursuant  to this
prospectus and a prospectus supplement will, upon payment of the purchase price,
be fully-paid and  non-assessable by us, except for certain  statutory  personal
liability which may be imposed upon shareholders under Section 180.0622(2)(b) of
the Wisconsin Business Corporation Law. The substantially  identical predecessor
to that statute has been judicially  interpreted to mean that  shareholders of a
Wisconsin  corporation are subject to personal liability,  up to an amount equal
to the  consideration  for  which  their  shares  were  issued  (instead  of the
aggregate  par  value  in the case of  shares  with par  value,  as the  statute
states),  for all debts  owing to  employees  of the  corporation  for  services
performed for the  corporation,  but not exceeding six months service in any one
case.

Restriction on Dividends Payable by Wisconsin Public Service Corporation

         We are a holding  company,  and our ability to pay dividends is largely
dependent  upon the  ability of our  subsidiaries  to pay  dividends  to us. The
Public  Service  Commission of Wisconsin has by order  restricted  our principal
subsidiary  Wisconsin  Public Service  Corporation to paying normal dividends on
its  common  stock of no more  than 109% of the  previous  year's  common  stock
dividend.  The Public Service  Commission of Wisconsin  also requires  Wisconsin
Public  Service   Corporation  to  maintain  a  capital   structure  (i.e.,  the
percentages by which each of common stock,  preferred  stock and debt constitute
the total capital  invested in a utility) which has a common equity range of 50%
to 54%.  Each of these  limitations  may be  modified  by a future  order of the
Public Service  Commission of Wisconsin.  Our right to receive  dividends on the
common  stock of Wisconsin  Public  Service  Corporation  is also subject to the
prior rights of that corporation's  preferred  shareholders and to provisions in
that  corporation's  articles of incorporation  which limit the amount of common
stock  dividends  which that  corporation may pay if its common stock and common
stock surplus accounts constitute less than 25% of its total capitalization.


                                       20
<PAGE>


                              PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

         -        We may sell the securities:

         -        through underwriters,

         -        through agents, or

         -        directly to a limited number of institutional purchasers or to
                  a single purchaser.

         The prospectus  supplement  will set forth the terms of the offering of
the securities, including the following:

         -        the name or names of any underwriters;

         -        the  purchase  price and the proceeds we will receive from the
                  sale;

         -        any  underwriting   discounts  and  other  items  constituting
                  underwriters' compensation;

         -        any  initial  public  offering  price  and  any  discounts  or
                  concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

         -        any securities exchanges on which the securities of the series
                  may be listed.

         If  underwriters  are used in the sale, the securities will be acquired
by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in
one or more transactions,  including negotiated transactions,  at a fixed public
offering  price  or at  varying  prices  determined  at the  time of  sale.  The
securities may be either offered to the public through  underwriting  syndicates
represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. The
obligations  of the  underwriters  to  purchase  securities  will be  subject to
conditions  precedent and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the
securities of a series if any are purchased.  Any initial public  offering price
and any discounts or concessions  allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be
changed from time to time.

         We may sell Securities directly or through agents designated by us from
time to time. The applicable  prospectus supplement will name any agent involved
in the  offer or sale of the  securities,  and will set  forth  any  commissions
payable  by us to that  agent.  Unless  otherwise  indicated  in the  prospectus
supplement,  any agent will be acting on a best efforts  basis for the period of
its appointment.

         We may authorize  agents or  underwriters  to solicit offers by certain
types of  institutions  to purchase  securities  from us at the public  offering
price  set forth in the  prospectus  supplement  pursuant  to  delayed  delivery
contracts.  These contracts will provide for payment and delivery on a specified
date in the  future.  The  conditions  to these  contracts  and the  commissions
payable for  solicitation  of such contracts will be set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement.



                                       21
<PAGE>

         Agents  and  underwriters  may be  entitled  to  indemnification  by us
against civil liabilities arising out of this prospectus,  including liabilities
under the  Securities Act of 1933, or to  contribution  with respect to payments
which the agents or  underwriters  may be  required  to make  relating  to those
liabilities. Agents and underwriters may be customers of, engage in transactions
with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.

         Each series of debt  securities  will be a new issue of securities with
no  established  trading  market.  Any  underwriter  may  make a  market  in the
securities,  but will not be obligated to do so and may  discontinue  any market
making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity
of the trading market for any securities.

                                 LEGAL OPINIONS

         Foley & Lardner, 777 East Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202,
our counsel,  will pass upon the validity of the securities  offered pursuant to
this prospectus and the prospectus supplements.

                                     EXPERTS

         The audited  financial  statements and schedules  incorporated  in this
prospectus  by  reference  to our Annual  Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1998 have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP,  independent  public
accountants, as indicated in their reports with respect thereto and are included
in this  prospectus  upon the  authority  of said firm as experts in giving such
reports.


                                       22
<PAGE>


                                  $____,000,000

                            WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION



                                MEDIUM-TERM NOTES

                            -------------------------

                              PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

                               ____________, 1999

                            -------------------------





                    ----------------------------------------



                    ----------------------------------------



<PAGE>
                                     PART II

                     INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

ITEM 14.  OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.

         The following  statement sets forth the estimated  amounts of expenses,
other than  underwriting  discounts,  to be borne by us in  connection  with the
offering described in this Registration Statement:

Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee..........  $  111,200
Trustee's Fees...............................................       1,500
Printing and Engraving Expenses..............................     100,000
Rating Agency Fees...........................................      50,000
Accounting Fees and Expenses.................................      35,000
Legal Fees and Expenses......................................     125,000
Blue Sky and Legal Investment Law Fees and Expenses..........      15,000
Listing Fee..................................................      40,000
Miscellaneous Expenses.......................................       2,300
                                                               ----------

      Total Expenses.........................................  $  480,000
                                                               ==========


Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

         Pursuant to the Wisconsin  Business  Corporation  Law and Article VI of
the By-laws of the  registrant,  directors  and officers of the  registrant  are
entitled to mandatory  indemnification  from us against certain  liabilities and
expenses to the extent such officers or directors  are  successful on the merits
or otherwise in connection  with a proceeding,  unless it is determined that the
director  or  officer  breached  or failed to  perform  his or her duties to the
registrant and such breach or failure constituted: (a) a willful failure to deal
fairly with the registrant or its  shareholders  in connection  with a matter in
which the  director  or  officer  had a material  conflict  of  interest;  (b) a
violation  of the  criminal  law unless the  director or officer had  reasonable
cause to believe  his or her conduct  was lawful or had no  reasonable  cause to
believe  his or her  conduct  was  unlawful;  (c) a  transaction  from which the
director or officer  derived an improper  personal profit (unless such profit is
immaterial under the circumstances);  or (d) willful misconduct.  It should also
be noted that the Wisconsin Business Corporation Law specifically states that it
is the policy of Wisconsin to require or permit  indemnification  in  connection
with a proceeding  involving  securities  regulation  to the extent  required or
permitted  as  described  above.  Additionally,  under  the  Wisconsin  Business
Corporation  Law,  directors  of the  registrant  are not  subject  to  personal
liability to the registrant,  its shareholders or any person asserting rights on
behalf of the registrant or its shareholders for certain breaches or failures to
perform any duty  resulting  solely from their  status as  directors or officers
except in  circumstances  paralleling  those in  subparagraphs  (a)  through (d)
outlined above.



                                      II-1
<PAGE>

         The  indemnification  described  above  may be  broad  enough  to cover
liabilities  under the  Securities  Act of 1933.  Officers and  directors of the
registrant  would also be indemnified by the  underwriters or agents for certain
claims under the  Securities  Act of 1933  pursuant to the terms of the proposed
form  of  underwriting  agreement  and  agency  agreement  filed  herewith.  The
registrant  has  purchased   insurance   permitted  by  the  Wisconsin  Business
Corporation  Law on  behalf  of its  officers  and  directors  which  may  cover
liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.

Item 16. EXHIBITS

  (1)(a)   Proposed Form of Underwriting Agreement (to be filed as exhibit to
           report pursuant to Section 3(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
           Act of 1934 or as exhibit to an amendment to this registration
           statement).

  (1)(b)   Proposed  Form of Agency  Agreement (to be filed as exhibit to report
           pursuant to Section 3(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
           1934 or as exhibit to an amendment to this  registration
           statement).

  (3) (a)  By-laws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3B-1 to Quarterly
           Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ending June 30, 1999
           [File No. 1-11227])

  (4)(a)   Restated Articles of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference
           Appendix B to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-4,
           filed February 28, 1994 [Reg. No. 33-52199]).

  (4)(b)   Senior Indenture dated as of October 1, 1999, between us and Firstar
           Bank, National Association as Trustee.

  (4)(c)   Form of Subordinated Indenture.

  (4)(d)   Forms of Supplemental Indentures to Senior Indenture (to be filed as
           exhibits to reports pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
           Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or as exhibits to an amendment to
           this registration statement).

  (4)(e)   Forms of Supplemental Indentures to Subordinated Indenture (to be
           filed as exhibits to reports pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of
           the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or as exhibits to an amendment to
           this registration statement).

  (4)(f)   Forms of Debt Securities (to be filed as exhibits to reports pursuant
           to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or
           as exhibits to an amendment to this registration statement).

  (4)(g)   Rights Agreement dated December 12, 1996, between WPS Resources
           Corporation and Firstar Trust Company (Incorporated by reference to
           Exhibit 4-1 to Form 8-A, filed December 13, 1996 [File No. 1-11337]).

                                      II-2
<PAGE>

  (5)      Opinion of Foley & Lardner

  (12)     Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges.

  (23)(a)  Consent of Independent Accountants.

  (23)(b)  Consent of Counsel (included in Exhibit 5).

  (24)(a)  Powers of Attorney.

  (25)(a)  Statement of Eligibility and Qualification on Form T-1 of Firstar
           Bank, National Association to act as Trustee under the Senior
           Indenture dated October 1, 1999.

  (25)(b)  Statement of Eligibility and Qualification on Form T-1 of the
           Subordinated Trustee to Act as Trustee under the Subordinated
           Indenture (to be filed as an exhibit to a report pursuant to Section
           13(a)or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or as an exhibit
           to an amendment to this registration statement).

Item 17. Undertakings.

         The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

         (1) to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made,
a  post-effective  amendment  to  this  registration  statement  (other  than as
provided in the proviso and instructions to item 512(a) of Regulation S-K:

         (i) to include  any  prospectus  required  by Section  10(a)(3)  of the
Securities Act of 1933;

         (ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the
effective date of the registration  statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment  thereof)  which,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  represent  a
fundamental  change in the information set forth in the registration  statement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing,  any increase or decrease in volume of securities
offered (if the total dollar value of  securities  offered would not exceed that
which  was  registered)  and any  deviation  from  the  low or  high  end of the
estimated  maximum  offering  range may be reflected  in the form of  prospectus
filed with the  Commission  pursuant  to Rule 424(b) if, in the  aggregate,  the
changes in volume and price  represent  no more than a 20% change in the maximum
aggregate  offering price set forth in the  "Calculation  of  Registration  Fee"
table in the effective registration statement.

         (iii) to include any material  information  with respect to the plan of
distribution  not  previously  disclosed  in the  registration  statement or any
material change to such information in the registration statement.



                                      II-3
<PAGE>

Provided,  however,  that  paragraphs  (1)(i)  and  (1)(ii)  do not apply if the
information  required  to be  included in a  post-effective  amendment  by those
paragraphs  is  contained  in periodic  reports  filed with or  furnished to the
Commission by the  registrant  pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 that are  incorporated  by  reference  in the  registration
statement.

         (2) that,  for the  purpose  of  determining  any  liability  under the
Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be
a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such  securities  at the time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.

         (3) to remove from registration by means of a post-effective  amendment
any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of
the offering.

         (4)  that,  for  purposes  of  determining   any  liability  under  the
Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the  registrant's  annual report pursuant
to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that is
incorporated by reference in this registration statement shall be deemed to be a
new registration  statement  relating to the securities  offered herein, and the
offering of such  securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.

         (5)  to  file  an  application  for  the  purpose  of  determining  the
eligibility  of the  trustee to act under  subsection  (a) of Section 310 of the
Trust Indenture Act in accordance  with the rules and regulations  prescribed by
the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.

         Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors,  officers and controlling  persons of
the  registrant  pursuant  to  the  foregoing  provisions,   or  otherwise,  the
registrant  has been advised that in the opinion of the  Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act
and is, therefore,  unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
against such  liabilities  (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses
incurred or paid by a director,  officer or controlling person of the registrant
in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
director,  officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter
has been  settled by  controlling  precedent,  submit to a court of  appropriate
jurisdiction the question whether such  indemnification  by it is against public
policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of
such issue.


                                      II-4
<PAGE>

                                   SIGNATURES

         Pursuant  to the  requirements  of the  Securities  Act  of  1933,  the
registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all
of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration
Statement  to be  signed  on its  behalf  by  the  undersigned,  thereunto  duly
authorized, on the 6th day of October, 1999.


                                WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION


                                By:  /s/  Larry L. Weyers
                                                  Larry L. Weyers
                                             Chairman, President and
                                               Chief Executive Officer

         Pursuant  to the  requirements  of the  Securities  Act of  1933,  this
Registration  Statement  has been signed below by the  following  persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.

              Name                                         Capacity

  /s/  Larry L. Weyers                      Chairman, President, Chief Executive
          Larry L. Weyers                    Officer and Director*

  /s/  Daniel P. Bittner                    Vice President and Chief Financial
          Daniel P. Bittner                  Officer*

  /s/  Diane L. Ford                        Vice President, Controller and Chief
          Diane L. Ford                      Accounting Officer *

A.    Dean Arganbright                                 Director
      Michael S. Ariens                                Director
      Richard A. Bemis                                 Director
      Daniel A. Bollom                                 Director
      Clarence R. Fischer                              Director
      Robert C. Gallagher                              Director
      Kathryn Hasselblad-Pascale                       Director
      James L. Kemerling                               Director


By: /s/ Larry L. Weyers
          Larry L. Weyers
          Attorney-in-Fact*

* Each of the above signatures is affixed as of October 6, 1999.


                                      II-5
<PAGE>
                                  EXHIBIT INDEX

     The following documents are filed as a part of the Registration Statement
or are incorporated by reference.

  (1)(a)   Proposed Form of Underwriting Agreement (to be filed as exhibit to
           report pursuant to Section 3(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
           Act of 1934 or as exhibit to an amendment to this registration
           statement).

  (1)(b)   Proposed  Form of Agency  Agreement (to be filed as exhibit to report
           pursuant to Section 3(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
           1934 or as exhibit to an amendment to this  registration
           statement).

  (3) (a)  By-laws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3B-1 to Quarterly
           Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ending June 30, 1999
           [File No. 1-11227])

  (4)(a)   Restated Articles of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference
           Appendix B to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-4,
           filed February 28, 1994 [Reg. No. 33-52199]).

  (4)(b)*  Senior Indenture dated as of October 1, 1999, between us and Firstar
           Bank, National Association as Trustee.

  (4)(c)*  Form of Subordinated Indenture.

  (4)(d)   Forms of Supplemental Indentures to Senior Indenture (to be filed as
           exhibits to reports pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
           Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or as exhibits to an amendment to
           this registration statement).

  (4)(e)   Forms of Supplemental Indentures to Subordinated Indenture (to be
           filed as exhibits to reports pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of
           the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or as exhibits to an amendment to
           this registration statement).

  (4)(f)   Forms of Debt Securities (to be filed as exhibits to reports pursuant
           to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or
           as exhibits to an amendment to this registration statement).

  (4)(g)   Rights Agreement dated December 12, 1996, between WPS Resources
           Corporation and Firstar Trust Company (Incorporated by reference to
           Exhibit 4-1 to Form 8-A, filed December 13, 1996 [File No. 1-11337]).

  (5)*     Opinion of Foley & Lardner

  (12)*    Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges.

  (23)(a)* Consent of Independent Accountants.

  (23)(b)  Consent of Counsel (included in Exhibit 5).

  (24)(a)* Powers of Attorney.

  (25)(a)* Statement of Eligibility and Qualification on Form T-1 of Firstar
           Bank, National Association to act as Trustee under the Senior
           Indenture dated October 1, 1999.

  (25)(b)  Statement of Eligibility and Qualification on Form T-1 of the
           Subordinated Trustee to Act as Trustee under the Subordinated
           Indenture (to be filed as an exhibit to a report pursuant to Section
           13(a)or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or as an exhibit
           to an amendment to this registration statement).

- ----------------
*  Filed herewith.



                                                                    EXHIBIT 4(b)

- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------





                            WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION

                                                                       AS ISSUER

                                       TO


                       FIRSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                                                      AS TRUSTEE




                             ----------------------


                                    INDENTURE



                             SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES

                           DATED AS OF OCTOBER 1, 1999


                             ----------------------


- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                            PAGE
RECITALS OF THE COMPANY.......................................................1
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF
               GENERAL APPLICATION............................................2
   SECTION 1.01.   Definitions................................................2
            (a)    "ACT,".....................................................2
            (b)    "AFFILIATE"................................................2
            (c)    "AUTHENTICATING AGENT".....................................2
            (d)    "BANKRUPTCY LAW"...........................................2
            (e)    "BOARD OF DIRECTORS".......................................3
            (f)    "BOARD RESOLUTION".........................................3
            (g)    "BUSINESS DAY,"............................................3
            (h)    "COMMISSION"...............................................3
            (i)    "COMPANY"..................................................3
            (j)    "COMPANY REQUEST"or "COMPANY ORDER"........................3
            (k)    "CORPORATE TRUST OFFICE"...................................3
            (l)    "COVENANT DEFEASANCE"......................................4
            (m)    "CUSTODIAN"................................................4
            (n)    "DEFAULT"..................................................4
            (o)    "DEFAULTED INTEREST".......................................4
            (p)    "DEFEASANCE"...............................................4
            (q)    "DEPOSITARY"...............................................4
            (r)    "DOLLARS"and "$"...........................................4
            (s)    "EVENT OF DEFAULT".........................................4
            (t)    "EXCHANGE ACT".............................................4
            (u)    "GAAP".....................................................4
            (v)    "GLOBAL SECURITY"..........................................5
            (w)    "HOLDER"or "SECURITY HOLDER"...............................5
            (x)    "INDEBTEDNESS".............................................5
            (y)    "INDENTURE"................................................5
            (z)    "INTEREST,"................................................5
            (aa)   "INTEREST PAYMENT DATE,"...................................5
            (bb)   "MATURITY,"................................................5
            (cc)   "OFFICER"..................................................5
            (dd)   "OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE"....................................6
            (ee)   "OPINION OF COUNSEL".......................................6
            (ff)   "ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY".........................6
            (gg)   "OUTSTANDING,".............................................6


                                      -i-
<PAGE>
                                                                            PAGE

            (hh)   "PAYING AGENT".............................................7
            (ii)   "PERSON"...................................................7
            (jj)   "PLACE OF PAYMENT,"........................................7
            (kk)   "PREDECESSOR SECURITIES"...................................7
            (ll)   "REDEMPTION DATE,".........................................7
            (mm)   "REDEMPTION PRICE,"........................................7
            (nn)   "REGULAR RECORD DATE"......................................7
            (oo)   "RESPONSIBLE OFFICER,".....................................8
            (pp)   "SECURITIES"...............................................8
            (qq)   "SECURITY REGISTER"and "SECURITY REGISTRAR"................8
            (rr)   "SPECIAL RECORD DATE"......................................8
            (ss)   "STATED MATURITY,".........................................8
            (tt)   "SUBSIDIARY"...............................................8
            (uu)   "TRUST INDENTURE ACT"......................................8
            (vv)   "TRUSTEE"..................................................9
            (ww)   "U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS"..............................9
            (xx)   "VICE PRESIDENT,"..........................................9
   SECTION 1.02.   Compliance Certificates and Opinions.......................9
   SECTION 1.03.   Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.....................10
   SECTION 1.04.   Acts of Holders............................................10
   SECTION 1.05.   Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company......................11
   SECTION 1.06.   Notice to Holders; Waiver..................................12
   SECTION 1.07.   Conflict with Trust Indenture Act..........................12
   SECTION 1.08.   Effect of Headings and Table of Contents...................13
   SECTION 1.09.   Successors and Assigns.....................................13
   SECTION 1.10.   Separability Clause........................................13
   SECTION 1.11.   Benefits of Indenture......................................13
   SECTION 1.12.   Governing Law..............................................13
   SECTION 1.13.   Legal Holidays.............................................13
   SECTION 1.14.   No Recourse Against Others.................................13

ARTICLE II SECURITY FORMS.....................................................14
   SECTION 2.01.   Forms Generally............................................14
   SECTION 2.02.   Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication............14
   SECTION 2.03.   Securities Issuable in the Form of a Global Security.......14
   SECTION 2.04.   CUSIP Number...............................................16
   SECTION 2.05.   Payment of Securities......................................17

ARTICLE III THE SECURITIES....................................................18
   SECTION 3.01.   Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.......................18
   SECTION 3.02.   Denominations..............................................20
   SECTION 3.03.   Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.............20
   SECTION 3.04.   Temporary Securities.......................................22


                                      -ii-
<PAGE>
                                                                            PAGE

   SECTION 3.05.   Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange........22
   SECTION 3.06.   Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities...........23
   SECTION 3.07.   Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.............24
   SECTION 3.08.   Persons Deemed Owners......................................25
   SECTION 3.09.   Cancellation...............................................26
   SECTION 3.10.   Computation of Interest....................................26

ARTICLE IV SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE.........................................27
   SECTION 4.01.   Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture....................27
   SECTION 4.02.   Application of Trust Money.................................28

ARTICLE V REMEDIES............................................................29
   SECTION 5.01.   Events of Default..........................................29
   SECTION 5.02.   Acceleration of Maturity and Rescission....................30
   SECTION 5.03.   Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement
                   by Trustee.................................................31
   SECTION 5.04.   Trustee May File Proofs of Claim...........................32
   SECTION 5.05.   Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of
                   Securities.................................................32
   SECTION 5.06.   Application of Money Collected.............................33
   SECTION 5.07.   Limitation on Suits........................................33
   SECTION 5.08.   Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal,
                   Premium and Interest.......................................34
   SECTION 5.09.   Restoration of Rights and Remedies.........................34
   SECTION 5.10.   Rights and Remedies Cumulative.............................34
   SECTION 5.11.   Delay or Omission Not Waiver...............................34
   SECTION 5.12.   Control by Holders.........................................35
   SECTION 5.13.   Waiver of Past Defaults....................................35
   SECTION 5.14.   Undertaking for Costs......................................35
   SECTION 5.15.   Waiver of Stay or Extension................................36

ARTICLE VI THE TRUSTEE........................................................37
   SECTION 6.01.   Certain Duties and Responsibilities of the Trustee.........37
   SECTION 6.02.   Notice of Defaults.........................................37
   SECTION 6.03.   Certain Rights of Trustee..................................37
   SECTION 6.04.   Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.....38
   SECTION 6.05.   May Hold Securities........................................39
   SECTION 6.06.   Money Held in Trust........................................39
   SECTION 6.07.   Compensation and Reimbursement.............................39
   SECTION 6.08.   Disqualification; Conflicting Interests....................40
   SECTION 6.09.   Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility....................40
   SECTION 6.10.   Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor..........40
   SECTION 6.11.   Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.....................42


                                      -iii-
<PAGE>
                                                                            PAGE

   SECTION 6.12.   Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
                   Business...................................................43
   SECTION 6.13.   Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company..........43
   SECTION 6.14.   Appointment of Authenticating Agent........................43

ARTICLE VII HOLDERS'LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY..................46
   SECTION 7.01.   Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders..46
   SECTION 7.02.   Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.....46
   SECTION 7.03.   Reports by Trustee.........................................47
   SECTION 7.04.   Reports by Company.........................................48

ARTICLE VIII CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, LEASE, SALE OR TRANSFER...................49
   SECTION 8.01.   Then Company May Merge, Etc................................49
   SECTION 8.02.   Opinion of Counsel.........................................49
   SECTION 8.03.   Successor Corporation Substituted..........................49

ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES............................................50
   SECTION 9.01.   Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.........50
   SECTION 9.02.   Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders............51
   SECTION 9.03.   Execution of Supplemental Indentures.......................52
   SECTION 9.04.   Effect of Supplemental Indentures..........................52
   SECTION 9.05.   Conformity with Trust Indenture Act........................52
   SECTION 9.06.   Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.........52

ARTICLE X COVENANTS...........................................................53
   SECTION 10.01.  Payments of Principal and Interest.........................53
   SECTION 10.02.  Maintenance of Office or Agency............................53
   SECTION 10.03.  Corporate Existence........................................53
   SECTION 10.04.  Payment of Taxes and Other Claims..........................53
   SECTION 10.05.  Maintenance of Properties..................................54
   SECTION 10.06.  Certificates Respecting Defaults...........................54
   SECTION 10.07.  Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust..........54
   SECTION 10.08.  Restrictions on Sales of Voting Common Stock of
                   Wisconsin Public Service Corporation.......................55
   SECTION 10.09.  Restrictions on Liens......................................56

ARTICLE XI REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES...........................................58
   SECTION 11.01.  Applicability of Article...................................58
   SECTION 11.02.  Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee......................58
   SECTION 11.03.  Election by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed...........58
   SECTION 11.04.  Notice of Redemption.......................................59


                                      -iv-
<PAGE>
                                                                            PAGE

   SECTION 11.05.  Deposit of Redemption Price................................59
   SECTION 11.06.  Securities Payable on Redemption Date......................60
   SECTION 11.07.  Securities Redeemed in Part................................60

ARTICLE XII SINKING FUNDS.....................................................61
   SECTION 12.01.  Applicability of Article...................................61
   SECTION 12.02.  Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities......61
   SECTION 12.03.  Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund..................61

ARTICLE XIII DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE...............................62
   SECTION 13.01.  Applicability of Article; Company's Option to Effect
                   Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance..........................62
   SECTION 13.02.  Defeasance and Discharge...................................62
   SECTION 13.03.  Covenant Defeasance........................................62
   SECTION 13.04.  Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance............63
   SECTION 13.05.  Deposited Money and Government Obligations To Be Held
                   In Trust...................................................64

ARTICLE XIV MISCELLANEOUS.....................................................66
   SECTION 14.01.  Miscellaneous..............................................66



                                      -v-
<PAGE>

                            WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION
           Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939
                   and Indenture, dated as of October 1, 1999

Trust Indenture
Act Section               .                                    Indenture Section

Section 310 (a) (1)...........................................  6.09
            (a) (2)...........................................  6.09
            (a) (3)...........................................  Not Applicable
            (a) (4)...........................................  Not Applicable
            (a) (5) ..........................................  6.09
            (b)...............................................  6.08, 6.10
Section 311 (a)...............................................  6.13
            (b)...............................................  6.13
Section 312 (a)...............................................  7.01(a), 7.02(a)
            (b)...............................................  7.02(b)
            (c)...............................................  7.02(c)
Section 313 (a)...............................................  7.03(a)
            (b)...............................................  7.03(b)
            (c)...............................................  7.03(a), 7.03(b)
            (d)...............................................  7.03(b)
Section 314 (a)...............................................  7.04
            (b)...............................................  Not Applicable
            (c) (1)...........................................  1.02
            (c) (2)...........................................  1.02
            (c) (3)...........................................  Not Applicable
            (d)...............................................  Not Applicable
            (e)...............................................  1.02
Section 315 (a)...............................................  6.01(a)
            (b)...............................................  6.02
            (c)...............................................  6.01(b)
            (d)...............................................  6.01(c)
            (d) (1)...........................................  6.01(a), 6.01(c)
            (d) (2)...........................................  6.01(c)
            (d) (3)...........................................  6.01(c)
            (e)...............................................  5.14
Section 316 (a) (1) (A).......................................  5.12
            (a) (1) (B).......................................  5.02, 5.13
            (a) (2)...........................................  Not Applicable
            (b)...............................................  5.08
Section 317 (a) (1)...........................................  5.03
            (a) (2)...........................................  5.04
            (b)...............................................  10.07
Section 318 (a)...............................................  1.07

- -----------------------
NOTE:This  reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose,  be deemed to be a
part of this Indenture.


                                      -vi-
<PAGE>


          INDENTURE,   dated  as  of  October  1,  1999  between  WPS  RESOURCES
CORPORATION,  a corporation  duly  organized and existing  under the laws of the
State of Wisconsin (herein called the "COMPANY"), having its principal office at
700 North Adams Street,  Green Bay,  Wisconsin 54301 and Firstar Bank,  National
Association,  a national banking association organized and existing under and by
virtue of the laws of the United States as Trustee (herein called the "TRUSTEE")
having its corporate trust office at 425 Walnut Street, Sixth Floor, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45202.

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

          The Company has duly  authorized  the  execution  and delivery of this
Indenture  to  provide  for  the  issuance  from  time  to  time  of its  senior
debentures,  notes  or  other  evidences  of  indebtedness  (herein  called  the
"SECURITIES"), to be issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided.

          All things  necessary to make this Indenture a valid  agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, has been done.

          NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

          For and in  consideration  of the  premises  and the  purchase  of the
Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the
equal and  proportionate  benefit of all Holders of the  Securities or of series
thereof, as follows:

<PAGE>

                        DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
                             OF GENERAL APPLICATION

          SECTION 1.01 Definitions.

          For all  purposes of this  Indenture,  except as  otherwise  expressly
provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

          (1) the terms  defined in this Article  have the meanings  assigned to
them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

          (2) all  other  terms  used  herein  which  are  defined  in the Trust
Indenture  Act,  either  directly or by  reference  therein,  have the  meanings
assigned to them therein;

          (3) all  accounting  terms  not  otherwise  defined  herein  have  the
meanings assigned to them in accordance with GAAP;

          (4) the word  "INCLUDING"  (and with  correlative  meaning  "INCLUDE")
means including,  without limiting the generality of, any description  preceding
such term; and

          (5) the words  "HEREIN,"  "HEREOF" and  "HEREUNDER" and other words of
similar  import  refer to this  Indenture  as a whole and not to any  particular
Article, Section or other subdivision.

          Certain terms,  used principally in Article Seven, are defined in that
Article.

          (a) "ACT,"  when used with  respect  to any  Holder,  has the  meaning
specified in Section 1.04.

          (b)  "AFFILIATE"  of any  specified  Person  means  any  other  Person
directly or indirectly  controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect
common control with such specified Person.  For the purposes of this definition,
"control"  when used with  respect to any  specified  Person  means the power to
direct the  management  and  policies of such  Person,  directly or  indirectly,
whether  through the ownership of voting  securities,  by contract or otherwise;
and the terms  "controlling" and "controlled"  have meanings  correlative to the
foregoing.

          (c) "AUTHENTICATING  AGENT" means any Person authorized by the Trustee
to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities.

          (d) "BANKRUPTCY  LAW" means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal
or state law for the relief of debtors.


                                     - 2 -
<PAGE>

          (e) "BOARD OF DIRECTORS"  means the board of directors of the Company;
provided, however, that when the context refers to actions or resolutions of the
Board of Directors,  then the term "Board of Directors" shall also mean any duly
authorized  committee  of the  Board of  Directors  of the  Company  or  Officer
authorized to act with respect to any particular matter to exercise the power of
the Board of Directors of the Company.

          (f) "BOARD  RESOLUTION" means a copy of a resolution  certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant  Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of  Directors  and to be in full  force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

          (g)  "BUSINESS  DAY," when used with  respect to any Place of Payment,
means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on
which banking  institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated
by law or regulation to close.

          (h) "COMMISSION" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from
time to time  constituted,  created  under the Exchange  Act, or, if at any time
after the  execution  of this  instrument  such  Commission  is not existing and
performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the
body performing such duties at such time.

          (i)  "COMPANY"  means the Person  named as the  "Company" in the first
paragraph of this Indenture until a successor corporation shall have become such
pursuant  to  the  applicable  provisions  of  this  Indenture,  and  thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor corporation.

          (j) "COMPANY  REQUEST" or "COMPANY  ORDER" means a written  request or
order  signed in the name of the  Company  by its  Chairman  of the  Board,  its
President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its
Controller,  an Assistant  Controller,  its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary,
and delivered to the Trustee.

          (k) "CORPORATE TRUST OFFICE" means the principal office of the Trustee
at which at any time its corporate trust business shall be  administered,  which
office  at the date  hereof  is  located  at 425  Walnut  Street,  Sixth  Floor,
Cincinnati,  Ohio 45202, or such other address as the Trustee may designate from
time to  time by  notice  to the  Holders  and  the  Company,  or the  principal
corporate  trust  office of any  successor  Trustee (or such other  address as a
successor  Trustee may designate  from time to time by notice to the Holders and
the Company).

          (l) "COVENANT DEFEASANCE" has the meaning specified in Section 13.03.

          (m) "CUSTODIAN"  means any receiver,  trustee,  assignee,  liquidator,
sequestrator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.


                                     - 3 -
<PAGE>


          (n) "DEFAULT"  means any event which is, or after notice or passage of
time or both would be, an Event of Default.

          (o) "DEFAULTED INTEREST" has the meaning specified in Section 3.07.

          (p) "DEFEASANCE" has the meaning specified in Section 13.02.

          (q) "DEPOSITARY"  shall mean, unless otherwise  specified  pursuant to
Section 3.01 hereof,  The Depository  Trust Company,  New York, New York, or any
successor  thereto  registered  or  qualified  as a  clearing  agency  under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or other applicable statute or regulation.

          (r)  "DOLLARS"  and "$" means  lawful  money of the  United  States of
America.

          (s) "EVENT OF DEFAULT" has the meaning specified in Section 5.01.

          (t) "EXCHANGE  ACT" means the  Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

          (u) "GAAP" shall mean generally accepted accounting  principles in the
United  States of  America as in effect on the date  hereof,  applied on a basis
consistent  with  those  used in the  preparation  of any  financial  statements
referred to herein, unless otherwise stated herein.

          (v) "GLOBAL SECURITY" shall mean a Security that, pursuant to Sections
3.01 and 3.03 hereof, is issued to evidence Securities, that is delivered to the
Depositary or pursuant to the  instructions  of the Depositary and that shall be
registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.

          (w)  "HOLDER"  or  "SECURITY  HOLDER"  means a Person in whose  name a
Security is registered in the Security Register.

          (x)  "INDEBTEDNESS"for  purposes  of  Section  10.09  has the  meaning
specified therein.

          (y) "INDENTURE" means this instrument as originally  executed or as it
may from  time to time be  supplemented  or  amended  by one or more  indentures
supplemental  hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable  provisions  hereof
and shall include the terms of particular  series of Securities  established  as
contemplated by Section 3.01.

          (z)  "INTEREST,"  when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security which by its terms bears interest only after  Maturity,  means interest
payable after Maturity.

          (aa) "INTEREST  PAYMENT DATE," when used with respect to any Security,
means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.


                                     - 4 -
<PAGE>


          (bb)  "MATURITY,"  when used with respect to any  Security,  means the
date on which the  principal  of such  Security or an  installment  of principal
becomes  due and  payable as therein or herein  provided,  whether at the Stated
Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

          (cc) "OFFICER" means the Chairman of the Board,  the  Vice-Chairman of
the Board,  the President,  any Vice  President,  the  Treasurer,  any Assistant
Treasurer,  the  Controller,  the  Secretary or any  Assistant  Secretary of the
Company.

          (dd) "OFFICER'S  CERTIFICATE" means a certificate signed by an Officer
and delivered to the Trustee.

          (ee) "OPINION OF COUNSEL" means a written opinion of counsel,  who may
be an  employee  of or  counsel  for the  Company,  and who shall be  reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee.

          (ff) "ORIGINAL  ISSUE  DISCOUNT  SECURITY"  means any Security,  which
provides  for an amount  less than the  principal  amount  thereof to be due and
payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity  thereof  pursuant to
Section 5.02.

          (gg) "OUTSTANDING," when used with respect to Securities or Securities
of any  series,  means,  as of the date of  determination,  all such  Securities
theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:

               (i) Securities  theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered
          to the Trustee for cancellation;

               (ii)  Securities,  or  portions  thereof,  for whose  payment  or
          redemption   money  in  the  necessary  amount  has  been  theretofore
          deposited  with  the  Trustee  or any  Paying  Agent  (other  than the
          Company) in trust or set aside and  segregated in trust by the Company
          (if the Company  shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of
          such Securities; provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed,
          notice  of such  redemption  has  been  duly  given  pursuant  to this
          Indenture or provision  therefor  satisfactory to the Trustee has been
          made;

               (iii) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.06 or
          in  exchange  for or in lieu  of  which  other  Securities  have  been
          authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any
          such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
          the Trustee proof  satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by
          a bona  fide  purchaser  in whose  hands  such  Securities  are  valid
          obligations of the Company; and

               (iv)  Securities  which have been  defeased  pursuant  to Section
          13.02;

provided,  however,  that in  determining  whether the Holders of the  requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding  Securities have given any request,  demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, (a) the principal
amount of an Original Issue Discount Security


                                     - 5 -
<PAGE>

that shall be deemed to be  Outstanding  for such purposes shall be that portion
of the  principal  amount  thereof  that could be declared to be due and payable
upon the occurrence of an Event of Default and the continuation thereof pursuant
to the terms of such  Original  Issue  Discount  Security as of the date of such
determination  and (b) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon
the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be
disregarded  and deemed  not to be  Outstanding,  except  that,  in  determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand,
authorization,  direction,  notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the
Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded.  Securities so owned which
have been  pledged in good faith may be  regarded as  Outstanding  if the pledge
establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledge's right so to act with
respect to such  Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other
obligor  upon the  Securities  or any  Affiliate of the Company or of such other
obligor.

          (hh) "PAYING AGENT" means any Person  authorized by the Company to pay
the principal of (and premium,  if any) or interest on any  Securities on behalf
of the  Company.  The  Company  may act as  Paying  Agent  with  respect  to any
Securities issued hereunder.

          (ii) "PERSON" means any individual,  corporation,  partnership,  joint
venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

          (jj) "PLACE OF PAYMENT,"  when used with respect to the  Securities of
any series,  means the place or places where the principal of (and  premium,  if
any) and interest on the  Securities  of that series are payable as specified as
contemplated by Section 3.01.

          (kk) "PREDECESSOR  SECURITIES" of any particular  Security means every
previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced
by such particular Security; and, for purposes of this definition,  any Security
authenticated  and delivered under Section 3.06 in lieu of a destroyed,  lost or
stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the destroyed, lost
or stolen security.

          (ll) "REDEMPTION  DATE," when used with respect to any Security of any
series to be redeemed,  means the date fixed for such  redemption by or pursuant
to this Indenture.

          (mm) "REDEMPTION PRICE," when used with respect to any Security of any
series to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to
this Indenture.

          (nn)  "REGULAR  RECORD DATE" for the interest  payable on any Interest
Payment Date on the  Securities of any series means the date  specified for that
purpose as contemplated by Section 3.01.

          (oo)  "RESPONSIBLE  OFFICER,"  when used with  respect to the Trustee,
means any vice  president,  any assistant vice  president,  the  secretary,  any
assistant secretary,  the treasurer,  any assistant treasurer,  the cashier, any
assistant  cashier,  any senior trust


                                     - 6 -
<PAGE>


officer,  any trust officer or assistant  trust  officer,  the controller or any
assistant controller or any other officer of the Trustee customarily  performing
functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and
also means,  with  respect to a particular  corporate  trust  matter,  any other
officer  to whom  such  matter  is  referred  because  of his  knowledge  of and
familiarity with the particular subject.

          (pp)  "SECURITIES" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this
Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.

          (qq) "SECURITY REGISTER" and "SECURITY  REGISTRAR" have the respective
meanings specified in Section 3.05.

          (rr) "SPECIAL  RECORD DATE" for the payment of any Defaulted  Interest
means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.07.

          (ss) "STATED  MATURITY," when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest  thereon,  means the date specified
in such  Security as the fixed date on which the  principal of such  Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

          (tt)  "SUBSIDIARY" of a Person means (i) any corporation of which more
than 50% of the outstanding securities having ordinary voting power shall at the
time be owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or
more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its  Subsidiaries,
or  (ii)  any  partnership,  association,  joint  venture  or  similar  business
organization of which more than 50% of the ownership  interests  having ordinary
voting  power  shall at the time be so owned  or  controlled.  Unless  otherwise
expressly  provided,  all  references  herein  to a  "Subsidiary"  shall  mean a
Subsidiary of the Company.

          (uu) "TRUST  INDENTURE ACT" means the Trust  Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended,  as in  force  at the date as of which  this  Indenture  was  executed;
provided,  however,  that in the event that such Act is amended after such date,
"TRUST INDENTURE ACT" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

          (vv)  "TRUSTEE"  means the Person named as the  "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this  instrument  until a successor  Trustee shall have become such
pursuant  to  the  applicable  provisions  of  this  Indenture,  and  thereafter
"Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and
if at any time  there  is more  than one such  Person,  "Trustee"  as used  with
respect to the  Securities  of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to
Securities of that series.

          (ww) "U.S.  GOVERNMENT  OBLIGATIONS"  means  securities  which are (i)
direct  obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its
full faith and credit is pledged or (ii)  obligations of a Person  controlled or
supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of
America the timely  payment of which is  unconditionally  guaranteed by the full
faith and credit of the United States of America which,


                                     - 7 -
<PAGE>

in either  case,  are not  callable  or  redeemable  at the option of the issuer
thereof or otherwise subject to prepayment,  and shall also include a depository
receipt  issued by a New York Clearing  House bank or trust company as custodian
with respect to any such U.S.  Government  Obligation  or a specific  payment or
interest on or principal  of any such U.S.  Government  Obligation  held by such
custodian for the account of the holder of a depository  receipt,  provided that
(except  as  required  by law)  such  custodian  is not  authorized  to make any
deduction  from the amount payable to the holder of such  depository  receipt or
from  any  amount  held by the  custodian  in  respect  of the  U.S.  Government
Obligation  or the  specific  payment of  interest on or  principal  of the U.S.
Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

          (xx) "VICE  PRESIDENT,"  when used with  respect to the Company or the
Trustee,  means any vice  president,  whether or not designated by a number or a
word or words added before or after the title "vice president".

          SECTION 1.02. Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

          Upon any  application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take
any action under any provision of this Indenture, other than as action permitted
by Sections 2.03 and 7.04, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer's
Certificate stating that all conditions precedent,  if any, provided for in this
Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion
of Counsel  stating  that in the  opinion of such  counsel  all such  conditions
precedent,  if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such
application  or  request  as to  which  the  furnishing  of  such  documents  is
specifically  required  by any  provision  of this  Indenture  relating  to such
particular  application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be
furnished.

          Every  certificate  or  opinion  with  respect  to  compliance  with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:

          (a) a statement  that each  individual  signing  such  certificate  or
opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions  herein relating
thereto;

          (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or
investigation   upon  which  the  statements  or  opinions   contained  in  such
certificate or opinion are based;

          (c) a statement that, in the opinion of each such  individual,  he has
made such  examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express
an informed  opinion as to whether or not such  covenant or  condition  has been
complied with; and

          (d) a statement as to whether, in the opinion or each such individual,
such condition or covenant has been complied with.


                                     - 8 -
<PAGE>


          SECTION 1.03. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.

          In any case where several  matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by a opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such
matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person,  or
that they be so certified or covered by only one  document,  but one such Person
may  certify or give an opinion  with  respect to some  matters  and one or more
other such Persons as to other matters,  and any such Person may certify or give
an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

          Any  certificate or opinion of an Officer may be based,  insofar as it
relates to legal matters,  upon a certificate or opinion of, or  representations
by,  counsel,  unless such Officer knows,  or in the exercise of reasonable care
should know, that the certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as
it  relates  to  factual   matters,   upon  a  certificate  or  opinion  of,  or
representations  by, an Officer or  Officers  of the  Company  stating  that the
information  with respect to such factual  matters is in the  possession  of the
Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should
know,  that the certificate or opinion or  representations  with respect to such
matters are erroneous.

          Where any Person is  required  to make,  give or  execute  two or more
applications,  requests, consents,  certificates,  statements, opinions or other
instruments  under this Indenture,  they may, but need not, be consolidated  and
form one instrument.

          SECTION 1.04. Acts of Holders.

          (a) Any request, demand,  authorization,  direction,  notice, consent,
waiver  or  other  action  provided  by this  Indenture  to be given or taken by
Holders  may  be  embodied  in and  evidenced  by one  or  more  instruments  of
substantially  similar  tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agents duly
appointed in writing;  and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided,  such
action shall become  effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered
to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required,  to the Company. Such
instrument  or  instruments  (and the  action  embodied  therein  and  evidenced
thereby) are herein  sometimes  referred to as the "ACT" of the Holders  signing
such instrument or instruments.  Proof of execution of any such instrument or of
a writing  appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this
Indenture and (subject to Section  5.01)  conclusive in favor of the Trustee and
the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.

          (b) The fact  and  date of the  execution  by any  Person  of any such
instrument  or  writing  may be proved  by the  affidavit  of a witness  of such
execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer  authorized by
law to take  acknowledgments  of deeds,  certifying that the individual  signing
such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such
execution  is by a  signer  acting  in a  capacity  other  than  his  individual
capacity,  such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute  sufficient proof
of his authority.  The fact and date of the execution of any such  instrument or
writing,  or the authority of the Person  executing the same, may also be proved
in any other manner, which the Trustee deems sufficient.


                                     - 9 -
<PAGE>


          (c) The  ownership  of  Registered  Securities  shall be proved by the
Security Register.

          (d) Any request, demand,  authorization,  direction,  notice, consent,
waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder
of the  same  Security  and  the  Holder  of  every  Security  issued  upon  the
registration of transfer  thereof or in exchange  therefor or in lieu thereof in
respect of anything  done,  omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the
Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon
such Security.

          (e) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may,
at its option,  by or pursuant  to a Board  Resolution,  fix in advance a record
date for the  determination  of Holders  entitled to give such request,  demand,
authorization,  direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company
shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request,
demand,  authorization,  direction,  notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be
given  before or after such record  date,  but only the Holders of record at the
close of  business  on such  record  date shall be deemed to be Holders  for the
purposes  of  determining  whether  Holders  of  the  requisite   proportion  of
Outstanding  Securities  have authorized or agreed or consented to such request,
demand, authorization,  direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for
that  purpose  the  Outstanding  Securities  shall be computed as of such record
date; provided that no such  authorization,  agreement or consent by the Holders
on such record date shall be deemed  effective  unless it shall become effective
pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the
record date.

          SECTION 1.05. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company.

          Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or Act of Holders or other  document  provided or permitted by this Indenture to
be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

          (i) the  Trustee by any Holder or by the Company  shall be  sufficient
     for every purpose hereunder if made,  given,  furnished or filed in writing
     to or with the Trustee and received by the Trustee at its  Corporate  Trust
     Office, Attention: Corporate Trust Department or

          (ii) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder  shall be  sufficient
     for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if
     in  writing  and  mailed,  first-class  postage  prepaid,  to  the  Company
     addressed  to it at the address of its  principal  office  specified in the
     first paragraph of this Indenture,  attention:  Secretary,  or at any other
     address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

          SECTION 1.06. Notice to Holders; Waiver.

          Where this Indenture or any Security provides for notice to Holders of
any event,  such notice shall be deemed  sufficiently  given  (unless  otherwise
herein  or in such  Security  expressly  provided)  if in  writing  and  mailed,
first-class  postage  prepaid,  to each


                                     - 10 -
<PAGE>

Holder  affected  by such event,  at his  address as it appears in the  Security
Register,  not later than the latest  date,  and not earlier  than the  earliest
date,  prescribed  for the giving of such  notice.  In any case where  notice to
Holders  is given by mail,  neither  the  failure to mail such  notice,  nor any
defect in any  notice so  mailed,  to any  particular  Holder  shall  affect the
sufficiency  of such notice with respect to other Holders or the validity of the
proceedings to which such notice  relates.  Where this Indenture or any Security
provides  for notice in any manner,  such notice may be waived in writing by the
Person  entitled to receive such notice,  either before or after the event,  and
such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders
shall be filed  with the  Trustee,  but such  filing  shall  not be a  condition
precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

          In case by reason of the  suspension  of  regular  mail  service or by
reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail,
then such  notification  as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

          Any request,  demand,  authorization,  direction,  notice,  consent or
waiver  required  or  permitted  under this  Indenture  shall be in the  English
language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the
country of publication.

          SECTION 1.07. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.

          If any provision  hereof  limits,  qualifies or conflicts with another
provision  hereof  which is required to be included in this  Indenture by any of
the  provisions  of the Trust  Indenture  Act,  such  required  provision  shall
control.  If any provision of this Indenture  modifies or excludes any provision
of the Trust  Indenture  Act that may be so  modified  or  excluded,  the latter
provision  shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or shall be
excluded, as the case may be.

          SECTION 1.08. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.

          The Article and Section  headings herein and the Table of Contents are
for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

          SECTION 1.09. Successors and Assigns.

          All  covenants and  agreements in this  Indenture by the Company shall
bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

          SECTION 1.10. Separability Clause.

          In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities  shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable,  the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.


                                     - 11 -
<PAGE>


          SECTION 1.11. Benefits of Indenture.

          Nothing in this  Indenture or in the  Securities,  express or implied,
shall give to any  Person,  other than the parties  hereto and their  successors
hereunder and the Holders,  any benefit or any legal or equitable right,  remedy
or claim under this Indenture.

          SECTION 1.12. Governing Law.

          This Indenture and the  Securities  shall be governed by and construed
in  accordance  with the laws (other than the choice of law  provisions)  of the
State of Wisconsin.

          SECTION 1.13. Legal Holidays.

          In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any  Security  shall not be a Business  Day at any Place of Payment,
then   (notwithstanding  any  other  provision  of  this  Indenture  or  of  the
Securities)  payment of interest or principal (and premium,  if any) need not be
made  at  such  Place  of  Payment  on such  date,  but may be made on the  next
succeeding  Business Day or on such other day as may be set out in the Officer's
Certificate  pursuant  to Section  3.01 at such  Place of Payment  with the same
force and effect as if made on the Interest  Payment Date or Redemption Date, or
at the Stated  Maturity,  provided that no interest  shall accrue for the period
from and after such Interest  Payment Date,  Redemption Date or Stated Maturity,
as the case may be.

          SECTION 1.14. No Recourse Against Others.

          A director,  officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company
shall  not have any  liability  for any  obligations  of the  Company  under the
Securities  or this  Indenture  or for any claim  based on, in  respect of or by
reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Securityholder,  by accepting
a Security,  waives and, releases all such liability.  Such waivers and releases
are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Securities.



                                     - 12 -
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE II

                                 SECURITY FORMS

          SECTION 2.01. Forms Generally.

          The Securities of each series shall be in  substantially  such form as
shall be  established  by or  pursuant to a Board  Resolution  or in one or more
indentures  supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate  insertions,
omissions,  substitutions  and other  variations as are required or permitted by
this  Indenture,   and  may  have  such  letters,  numbers  or  other  marks  of
identification  and  such  legends  or  endorsements  placed  thereon  as may be
required  to  comply  with  the  rules  of any  securities  exchange  or as may,
consistently  herewith, be determined by the Officers executing such Securities,
as evidenced by their execution of the Securities.  If the form of Securities of
any series is established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy
of an  appropriate  record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or
an Assistant  Secretary of the Company and  delivered to the Trustee at or prior
to the  delivery  of the  Company  Order  contemplated  by Section  3.03 for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities.

          The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in substantially
the form set forth in this Article.

          The definitive Securities shall be photocopied,  printed, lithographed
or engraved on steel  engraved  borders or may be produced in any other  manner,
all as determined by the Officers  executing  such  Securities,  as evidenced by
their execution of such Securities.

          SECTION 2.02. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.

Dated:  _______________

          This  is one of  the  Securities  of  the  series  designated  therein
referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                       FIRSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
                                       As Trustee


                                       By
                                         -------------------------------------
                                                          Authorized Signatory

          SECTION 2.03. Securities Issuable in the Form of a Global Security.

          (a) If the Company  shall  establish  pursuant to Section  3.01 hereof
that the Securities of a particular  series are to be issued in whole or in part
in the form of one or more


                                     - 13 -
<PAGE>

Global  Securities,  then the Company  shall execute and the Trustee  shall,  in
accordance  with  Section  3.03 hereof and the Company  Order  delivered  to the
Trustee hereunder,  authenticate and deliver such Global Security or Securities,
which (i)  represent,  shall be  denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate
principal  amount  of,  and  shall  have  the same  terms  as,  the  outstanding
Securities  of  such  series  to be  represented  by  such  Global  Security  or
Securities,  (ii)  shall  be  registered  in the name of the  Depositary  or its
nominee,  (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the  Depositary or pursuant
to the  Depositary's  instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend  substantially to
the following effect: "This Security is a Global Security registered in the name
of the  Depositary  (referred to herein) or a nominee  thereof  and,  unless and
until  it is  exchanged  in  whole  or in  part  for the  individual  Securities
represented  hereby,  this Global  Security may not be  transferred  except as a
whole by the  Depositary  to a nominee of the  Depositary or by a nominee of the
Depositary  to the  Depositary  or another  nominee of the  Depositary or by the
Depositary  or any such nominee to a successor  Depositary  or a nominee of such
successor Depositary.  Unless this Global Security is presented by an authorized
representative  of The Depository Trust Company (55 Water Street,  New York, New
York), to the Trustee for registration of transfer, exchange or payment, and any
certificate issued is registered in the name of Cede & Co. or such other name as
requested by an authorized  representative  of The Depository  Trust Company and
any payment is made to Cede & Co., any transfer,  pledge or other use hereof for
value or otherwise by or to any person is wrongful  since the  registered  owner
hereof,  Cede & Co.,  has an  interest  herein" or such  other  legend as may be
required by the rules and regulations of the Depositary.

          (b)  Notwithstanding  any other provision of Section 3.05 hereof or of
this Section 2.03,  unless the terms of a Global Security  expressly permit such
Global Security to be exchanged in whole or in part for individual Securities, a
Global Security may be transferred,  in whole but not in part, only as described
in the legend thereto.

          (c)(i) If at any time the  Depositary for a Global  Security  notifies
the Company that it is unwilling  or unable to continue as  Depositary  for such
Global  Security or if at any time the Depositary for the Global  Security shall
no longer be  eligible  or in good  standing  under  the  Exchange  Act or other
applicable  statute  or  regulation,  the  Company  shall  appoint  a  successor
Depositary with respect to such Global Security.  If a successor  Depositary for
such Global  Security is not  appointed by the Company  within 90 days after the
Company  receives  such  notice  or  becomes  aware of such  ineligibility,  the
Company's  election  pursuant  to  Section  3.01(3)  hereof  shall no  longer be
effective  with  respect to the series of  Securities  evidenced  by such Global
Security  and the Company  shall  execute,  and the  Trustee,  upon receipt of a
Company Order for the  authentication  and delivery of individual  Securities of
such  series in  exchange  for such  Global  Security,  shall  authenticate  and
deliver,  individual  Securities  of such  series  of like  tenor  and  terms in
definitive form in an aggregate  principal  amount equal to the principal amount
of the Global Security in exchange for such Global  Security.  The Trustee shall
not be charged  with  knowledge or notice of the  ineligibility  of a Depositary
unless a responsible  officer  assigned to and working in its corporate  trustee
administration department shall have actual knowledge thereof.

          (ii) The Company may at any time and in its sole discretion  determine
that all  Outstanding  (but not less than all)  Securities of a series issued or
issuable


                                     - 14 -
<PAGE>

in the form of one or more Global  Securities  shall no longer be represented by
such Global Security or Securities. In such event the Company shall execute, and
the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery
of  individual   Securities  in  exchange  for  such  Global   Security,   shall
authenticate  and  deliver  individual  Securities  of like  tenor  and terms in
definitive form in an aggregate  principal  amount equal to the principal amount
of such Global  Security or Securities  in exchange for such Global  Security or
Securities.

          (iii)  In any  exchange  provided  for in  any  of the  preceding  two
paragraphs,  the Company  will  execute and the Trustee  will  authenticate  and
deliver  individual  Securities  in  definitive  registered  form in  authorized
denominations. Upon the exchange of a Global Security for individual Securities,
such Global  Security  shall be cancelled by the Trustee.  Securities  issued in
exchange for a Global  Security  pursuant to this Section shall be registered in
such  names and in such  authorized  denominations  as the  Depositary  for such
Global  Security,   pursuant  to  instructions   from  its  direct  or  indirect
participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver
such  Securities  to the  Depositary  for delivery to the persons in whose names
such  Securities  are so  registered,  or if the  Depositary  shall refuse or be
unable to deliver such Securities,  the Trustee shall deliver such Securities to
the persons in whose names such  Securities  are  registered,  unless  otherwise
agreed upon  between the  Trustee  and the  Company,  in which event the Company
shall cause the  Securities  to be  delivered to the persons in whose names such
Securities are registered.

          (d) Neither the Company, the Trustee, any Authenticating Agent nor any
paying agent shall have any  responsibility  or liability  for any aspect of the
records  relating  to, or  payments  made on account  of,  beneficial  ownership
interests of a Global Security or for maintaining,  supervising or reviewing any
records relating to such beneficial ownership interest.

          (e) Pursuant to the  provisions of this  subsection,  at the option of
the Trustee and upon 30 days' written  notice to the Depositary but not prior to
the first Interest Payment Date of the respective  Global Securities of the same
series,  the  Depositary  shall be required to surrender  any two or more Global
Securities of the same series which have  identical  terms,  including,  without
limitation,  identical  maturities,  interest rates and redemption provisions to
the Trustee,  and the Company shall  execute and the Trustee shall  authenticate
and deliver to, or at the direction of, the Depositary a Global  Security of the
same series in principal amount equal to the aggregate  principal amount of, and
with all terms  identical to, the Global  Securities  surrendered  thereto.  The
exchange  contemplated in this subsection  shall be consummated at least 30 days
prior to any Interest  Payment date  applicable to any of the Global  Securities
surrendered to the Trustee.  Upon any exchange of any Global  Security,  whether
pursuant to this  Section or pursuant to Section 3.05 or Section  11.07  hereof,
the aggregate  principal  amount of the Securities or a series shall be the same
before  and after  such  exchange,  after  giving  effect to any  retirement  of
Securities of such series.

          SECTION 2.04. CUSIP Number.

          The  Company  in  issuing  Securities  of any series may use a "CUSIP"
number,  and,  if so,  the  Trustee  may use the  CUSIP  number  in  notices  of
redemption  or exchange as a


                                     - 15 -
<PAGE>

convenience to Holders of such series;  provided, that any such notice may state
that no  representation  is made as to the  correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP
number  printed  on the notice or on the  Securities  of such  series,  and that
reliance may be placed only on the other  identification  numbers printed on the
Securities,  and any such  redemption  shall not be affected by any defect in or
omission of such numbers.  The Company will  promptly  notify the Trustee of any
change in the CUSIP number of any series of Securities.

          SECTION 2.05. Payment of Securities.

          Payment of the principal, interest and premium on all Securities shall
be payable as follows:

          (a) On or before 9:30 a.m.,  New York City time, or such other time as
shall be agreed upon  between the Trustee and the  Company,  of the day on which
payment  of  principal,  interest  and  premium  is due on any  Global  Security
pursuant to the terms  thereof,  the Company  shall deliver to the Trustee funds
available on such date  sufficient  to make such  payment,  by wire  transfer of
immediately available funds or by instructing the Trustee to withdraw sufficient
funds from an account  maintained  by the Company with the Trustee or such other
method as is acceptable to the Trustee.  On or before 10:00 a.m.,  New York City
time,  or such other time as shall be agreed  upon  between  the Trustee and the
Depositary,  of the day on which any  payment of  interest  is due on any Global
Security (other than at maturity),  the Trustee shall pay to the Depositary such
interest in same day funds.  On or before 10:00 a.m., New York City time or such
other time as shall be agreed upon  between the Trustee and the  Depositary,  of
the day on which principal, interest payable at maturity and premium, if any, is
due on any Global  Security,  the Trustee shall deposit with the  Depositary the
amount equal to the principal, interest payable at maturity and premium, if any,
by wire transfer into the account specified by the Depositary. As a condition to
the payment,  at maturity or upon  redemption,  of any part of the  principal or
interest on and applicable premium of any Global Security,  the Depositary shall
surrender,  or cause to be  surrendered,  such Global  Security to the  Trustee,
whereupon a new Global  Security shall be issued to the  Depositary  pursuant to
Section 3.05 hereof.

          (b)  With  respect  to any  Security  that is not a  Global  Security,
principal,  applicable  premium and interest due at the maturity of the Security
shall be payable in immediately  available funds when due upon  presentation and
surrender of such  Security at the  corporate  trust office of the Trustee or at
the authorized office of any paying agent.  Interest on any Security that is not
a Global  Security  (other than interest  payable at maturity)  shall be paid by
check mailed to the Holder thereof at such Holder's address as it appears on the
register by check payable in clearinghouse  funds;  provided that if the Trustee
receives  a  written  request  from any  Holder  of  Securities,  the  aggregate
principal  amount of which  having  the same  Interest  Payment  Date  equals or
exceeds  $10,000,000,  on or before the applicable  Regular Record Date for such
Interest  Payment Date,  interest  shall be paid by wire transfer of immediately
available  funds to a bank within the  continental  United States  designated by
such Holder in its request or by direct  deposit into the account of such Holder
designated by such Holder in its request if such account is maintained  with the
Trustee or any paying agent.


                                     - 16 -
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE III

                                 THE SECURITIES

          SECTION 3.01. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.

          The   aggregate   principal   amount  of   Securities   which  may  be
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

          The  Securities may be issued from time to time in one or more series.
There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board  Resolution,  and set forth
in  an  Officer's  Certificate,   or  established  in  one  or  more  indentures
supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series:

          (1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish
the Securities of the series from all other Securities);

          (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except
for Securities  authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or
in  exchange  for, or in lieu of,  other  Securities  of the series  pursuant to
Sections 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 9.06 or 11.07);

          (3)  whether  any  Securities  of the  series  are to be  issuable  in
permanent global form with or without coupons and, if so, (i) whether beneficial
owners of  interests in any such  permanent  global  Security may exchange  such
interests for Securities of such series and of like tenor of any authorized form
and denomination and the circumstances under which any such exchanges may occur,
if other than in the manner  provided  in Sections  2.03 and 3.05,  and (ii) the
name of the Depositary with respect to any global Security;

          (4) the date or dates on which the principal of the  Securities of the
series is payable;

          (5) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear
interest,  if any, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue,  the
Interest  Payment Dates on which such interest  shall be payable and the Regular
Record  Date for the  interest  payable on any  Interest  Payment  Date and,  if
applicable  to such series of  Securities,  the basis  points and United  States
Treasury rate(s) and any other rates to be used in calculating the reset rate;

          (6) the place or places where the principal of (and  premium,  if any)
and interest on Securities of the series shall be payable;

          (7) the period or periods  within which,  the price or prices at which
and the  terms  and  conditions  upon  which  Securities  of the  series  may be
redeemed,  in whole or in part,  at the option of the  Company,  pursuant to any
sinking fund or otherwise;


                                     - 17 -
<PAGE>

          (8) the  obligation,  if any,  of the  Company  to redeem or  purchase
Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or
at the option of a Holder  thereof and the period or periods  within which,  the
price or prices at which and the terms and conditions  upon which  Securities of
the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such
obligation,  and, where applicable,  the obligation of the Company to select the
Securities to be redeemed;

          (9) the  denominations  in which  Securities  of the  series  shall be
issuable;

          (10) if other than the principal  amount  thereof,  the portion of the
principal  amount of  Securities  of the  series  which  shall be  payable  upon
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.02;

          (11)  additional  Events of Default with respect to  Securities of the
series, if any, other than those set forth herein;

          (12) if either or both of Section  13.02 and  Section  13.03  shall be
inapplicable  to  the  Securities  of  the  series  (provided  that  if no  such
inapplicability  shall be  specified,  then both Section 13.02 and Section 13.03
shall be applicable to the Securities of the series);

          (13) if other than U.S.  dollars,  the currency or currencies or units
based on or related to currencies  in which the  Securities of such series shall
be  denominated  and in which  payments  or  principal  of, and any  premium and
interest on, such Securities shall or may by payable;

          (14) additional covenants with respect to Securities of the series, if
any, other than those set forth herein;

          (15) if other than the Trustee,  the identity of the Registrar and any
Paying Agent; and

          (16)  any  other  terms  of  the  series  (which  terms  shall  not be
inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

          All  Securities  of any one series  shall be  substantially  identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant
to such Board  Resolution and set forth in such Officer's  Certificate or in any
such Indenture supplemental hereto.

          If any of the terms of the  series  are  established  by action  taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution,  a copy of an appropriate  record of such action
shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered  to  the  Trustee  at or  prior  to  the  delivery  of  the  Officer's
Certificate setting forth, or providing the manner for determining, the terms of
the Securities of such series.


                                     - 18 -
<PAGE>

          SECTION 3.02. Denominations.

          The  Securities  of each series shall be issuable in  registered  form
without coupons in such  denominations  as shall be specified as contemplated by
Section  3.01.  In the  absence  of any  such  provisions  with  respect  to the
Securities  of any series,  the  Securities  of such series shall be issuable in
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

          SECTION 3.03. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

          The  Securities  shall be  executed  on behalf of the  Company  by its
Chairman of the Board,  its Vice Chairman of the Board,  its President or one of
its Vice Presidents, under its corporate seal reproduced thereon attested by its
Secretary or one of its  Assistant  Secretaries.  The  signature of any of these
officers on the Securities  may be manual or facsimile.  The seal of the Company
may be in the  form  of a  facsimile  thereof  and  may be  impressed,  affixed,
imprinted or otherwise  reproduced on the  Securities.  Typographical  and other
minor  errors  or  defects  in any  such  reproduction  of the  seal or any such
signature shall not affect the validity or  enforceability  of any Security that
has been duly authenticated and delivered by the Trustee.

          Securities  bearing the manual or facsimile  signatures of individuals
who were at any time the proper  officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding  that such  individuals  or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the  authentication  and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

          At any time and from time to time after the  execution and delivery of
this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication  and delivery of such  Securities,  and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and make such Securities available for
delivery.  If the  form or terms  of the  Securities  of the  series  have  been
established  in or pursuant to one or more Board  Resolutions  as  permitted  by
Sections 2.01 and 3.01, in  authenticating  such  Securities,  and accepting the
additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities,
the  Trustee  shall be  entitled to  receive,  and  (subject to Sections  315(a)
through  (d) of the Trust  Indenture  Act) shall be fully  protected  in relying
upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating,

          (a)  that  the  form  of  such  Securities  has  been  established  in
conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

          (b) if the  terms  of such  Securities  have  been  established  by or
pursuant to Board  Resolution as permitted by Section 3.01, that such terms have
been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

          (c) that such  Securities,  when  authenticated  and  delivered by the
Trustee and issued by the  Company in the manner and  subject to any  conditions
specified in such Opinion of Counsel,  will constitute valid and legally binding
obligations of the Company,  enforceable in accordance with their terms,  except
to  the  extent   enforceability  may  be  limited  by  applicable   bankruptcy,
insolvency,  reorganization,  moratorium  and other  similar laws


                                     - 19 -
<PAGE>

affecting the  enforcement of creditors'  rights  generally and by the effect of
general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforceability is considered
in a proceeding in equity or at law);

          (d) that no consent, approval,  authorization,  order, registration or
qualification  of or with any court or any  governmental  agency or body  having
jurisdiction over the Company is required for the execution and delivery of such
Securities  by the Company,  except such as have been  obtained  (except that no
opinion need be expressed as to state securities or Blue Sky laws).

If such  form or terms  have  been so  established,  the  Trustee  shall  not be
required  to  authenticate  such  Securities  if the  issue  of such  Securities
pursuant to this  Indenture  will  affect the  Trustee's  own rights,  duties or
immunities  under the  Securities  and this  Indenture  or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably  acceptable to the Trustee, or in the written opinion of
counsel to the Trustee  (which  counsel may be an employee of the Trustee)  such
authentication may not lawfully be made or would involve the Trustee in personal
liability.

          Notwithstanding  the provisions of Section 3.01 and of the immediately
preceding  paragraph,  if all  Securities  of a series are not to be  originally
issued  at one  time,  it  shall  not be  necessary  to  deliver  the  Officer's
Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 3.01 or the Company Order and
Opinion of Counsel  otherwise  required  pursuant to the  immediately  preceding
paragraph  at or prior to the time of  authentication  of each  Security of such
series if such  documents are delivered at or prior to the  authentication  upon
original issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued.

          If the  Company  shall  establish  pursuant  to Section  3.01 that the
Securities  of a  series  are to be  issued  in the  form of one or more  global
Securities,  then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance
with this section and the Company Order with respect to the  authentication  and
delivery of such series,  authenticate and deliver one or more global Securities
that (i) shall be in an aggregate amount equal to the aggregate principal amount
specified in such Company  Order,  (ii) shall be  registered  in the name of the
Depositary  therefor  or its  nominee,  and (iii)  shall be made  available  for
delivery  by the  Trustee to the  Depositary  or  pursuant  to the  Depositary's
instruction.

          Each depositary  designated pursuant to Section 3.01 must, at the time
of its designation and at all times while it serves as depositary, be a clearing
agency  registered  under the Exchange Act and any other  applicable  statute or
regulation.

          Unless otherwise  provided for in the form of Security,  each Security
shall be dated the date of its authentication.

          No Security  shall be entitled to any benefit under this  Indenture or
be valid or obligatory  for any purpose  unless there appears on such Security a
certificate  of  authentication  substantially  in the form  provided for herein
executed  by the  Trustee by manual  signature,  and such  certificate  upon any
Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security
has been duly  authenticated  and  delivered  hereunder  and is  entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.


                                     - 20 -
<PAGE>

          SECTION 3.04. Temporary Securities.

          Pending the  preparation of definitive  Securities of any series,  the
Company may execute,  and upon Company Order the Trustee shall  authenticate and
make   available  for  delivery,   temporary   Securities   which  are  printed,
lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized
denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of
which  they  are  issued  and  with  such  appropriate  insertions,   omissions,
substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may
determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

          In the case of Securities of any series, such temporary Securities may
be in global form,  representing all or a portion of the Outstanding  Securities
of such series.

          Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form (which shall
be exchanged in accordance  with the provisions of Section  3.05),  if temporary
Securities  of  any  series  are  issued,  the  Company  will  cause  definitive
Securities of that series to be prepared without  unreasonable  delay. After the
preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of
such series shall be exchangeable for definitive  Securities of such series upon
surrender of the temporary  Securities of such series at the office or agency of
the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder.
Upon surrender for  cancellation of any one or more temporary  Securities of any
series,  the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall  authenticate  and make
available  for  delivery  in  exchange  therefor  a  like  principal  amount  of
definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like
tenor. Until so exchanged,  the temporary  Securities of any series shall in all
respects be entitled to the same  benefits  under this  Indenture as  definitive
Securities of such series.

          If temporary  Securities of any series are issued in global form,  any
such temporary global Security shall,  unless  otherwise  provided  therein,  be
delivered to the office of the Depositary  therefor for credit to the respective
accounts of the beneficial  owners of such Securities (or to such other accounts
as they may direct).

          SECTION 3.05. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

          The Company  shall cause to be kept at the  Corporate  Trust Office of
the Trustee a register (the register  maintained in such office and in any other
office or agency of the  Company in a Place of Payment  being  herein  sometimes
collectively  referred to as the "SECURITY  REGISTER") in which, subject to such
reasonable  regulations as it may  prescribe,  the Company shall provide for the
registration of Securities and of  registration of transfers of Securities.  The
Trustee is hereby appointed "SECURITY  REGISTRAR" for the purpose of registering
Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided.

          Upon  surrender  for  registration  of transfer of any Security of any
series  at the  office or agency of the  Company  in Place of  Payment  for that
series,  the Company shall execute,  and the Trustee shall authenticate and make
available for delivery, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees,
one or more new Securities of the same series,  of any authorized  denominations
and of a like aggregate principal amount and Stated Maturity.


                                     - 21 -
<PAGE>


          At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged
for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized  denominations and of
a like aggregate  principal  amount and Stated  Maturity,  upon surrender of the
Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are
so surrendered  for exchange,  the Company shall execute,  and the Trustee shall
authenticate  and make available for delivery,  the Securities  which the Holder
making the exchange is entitled to receive.

          If the principal amount and applicable premium, of part but not all of
a Global  Security is paid,  then upon  surrender  to the Trustee of such Global
Security, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate,  deliver
and  register a Global  Security  in an  authorized  denomination  in  aggregate
principal  amount equal to, and having the same terms and of the same series as,
the unpaid portion of such Global Security.

          All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities  shall be the valid  obligations of the Company,  evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture,  as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

          Every Security  presented or surrendered for  registration of transfer
or for  exchange  shall (if so required  by the Company or the  Trustee) be duly
endorsed,  or be  accompanied  by a  written  instrument  of  transfer  in  form
satisfactory  to the Company and the Security  Registrar duly  executed,  by the
Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

          Unless  otherwise  provided in the  Securities  to be  transferred  or
exchanged,  no service charge shall be made for any  registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities,  but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental  charge that may be imposed in connection
with any  registration  of  transfer  or  exchange  of  Securities,  other  than
exchanges pursuant to Section 3.04, 9.06 or 11.07 not involving any transfer.

          The Company shall not be required (i) to issue,  register the transfer
of or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at the opening
of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of  redemption  of
Securities of that series selected for redemption under Section 11.03 and ending
at the close of business  on the day of such  mailing,  or (ii) to register  the
transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for  redemption  in whole or in
part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

          SECTION 3.06. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

          If any mutilated  Security is surrendered to the Trustee,  the Company
shall  execute  and the  Trustee  shall  authenticate  and  deliver in  exchange
therefor a new  Security  of the same  series  and of like  tenor and  principal
amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

          If  there  shall be  delivered  to the  Company  and the  Trustee  (i)
evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security
and (ii) such  security or  indemnity


                                     - 22 -
<PAGE>

as may be  required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them
harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such
Security has been acquired by a bona fide  purchaser,  the Company shall execute
and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,  in lieu of any
such destroyed,  lost or stolen Security,  a new Security of the same series and
of like tenor and  principal  amount and bearing a number not  contemporaneously
outstanding.

          In case any such  mutilated,  destroyed,  lost or stolen  Security has
become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

          Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section,  the Company
may  require  the  payment  of a sum  sufficient  to  cover  any  tax  or  other
governmental  charge  that may be  imposed  in  relation  thereto  and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

          Every new  Security of any series  issued  pursuant to this Section in
lieu of any  destroyed,  lost or stolen  Security  shall  constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Company,  whether or not the destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be
entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately  with
any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.

          The  provisions of this Section are  exclusive and shall  preclude (to
the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement
or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

          SECTION 3.07. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.

          Interest on any Security which is payable,  and is punctually  paid or
duly provided  for, on any Interest  Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in
whose name that Security (or one or more  Predecessor  Securities) is registered
at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest.

          Any interest on any  Security of any series  which is payable,  but is
not punctually  paid or duly provided for, on any Interest  Payment Date (herein
called  "DEFAULTED  INTEREST") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder
on the relevant  Regular  Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder,  and
such  Defaulted  Interest  may be paid by the  Company,  at its election in each
case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below:

          (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to
     the  Persons  in whose  names  the  Securities  of such  series  (or  their
     respective Predecessor  Securities) are registered at the close of business
     on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest,  which
     shall be fixed in the  following  manner.  The  Company  shall  notify  the
     Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted  Interest proposed to be paid
     on each Security of such series and the date of the proposed  payment,  and
     at the same time the Company  shall  deposit  with the Trustee an


                                     - 23 -
<PAGE>

     amount  of  money  equal to the  aggregate  amount  proposed  to be paid in
     respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements  satisfactory
     to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed  payment,
     such  money  when  deposited  to be held in trust  for the  benefit  of the
     Persons  entitled  to  such  Defaulted  Interest  as in this  Section  3.07
     provided.  Thereupon  the Trustee  shall fix a Special  Record Date for the
     payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and
     not less than 10 days  prior to the date of the  proposed  payment  and not
     less than 10 days  after the  receipt  by the  Trustee of the notice of the
     proposed  payment.  The Trustee shall  promptly  notify the Company of such
     Special  Record Date and,  in the name and at the  expense of the  Company,
     shall cause notice of the proposed  payment of such Defaulted  Interest and
     the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid,
     to each Holder of Securities of such series at his address as it appears in
     the Security  Register,  not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record
     Date.  Notice of the proposed  payment of such  Defaulted  Interest and the
     Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest
     shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the  Securities  of such series
     (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of
     business  on such  Special  Record  Date and  shall no  longer  be  payable
     pursuant to the following Clause (2).

          (2) The  Company  may make  payment of any  Defaulted  Interest on the
     Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not  inconsistent  with
     the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be
     listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after
     notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant
     to this Section 3.07, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by
     the Trustee.

                  Subject to the  foregoing  provisions  of this  Section,  each
Security  delivered under this Indenture upon  registration of transfer of or in
exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest
accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

          SECTION 3.08. Persons Deemed Owners.

          Prior to due  presentment of a Security for  registration of transfer,
the  Company,  the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat
the  Person  in whose  name such  Security  is  registered  as the owner of such
Security for the purpose of receiving  payment of principal of (and premium,  if
any) and (subject to Section  3.07)  interest on such Security and for all other
purposes  whatsoever,  whether or not such Security be overdue,  and neither the
Company,  the  Trustee  nor any agent of the  Company  or the  Trustee  shall be
affected by notice to the contrary.

          None of the  Company,  the  Trustee or any agent of the Company or the
Trustee shall have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records
relating to or payments  made on account of beneficial  ownership  interest of a
Security in global  form,  or for  maintaining,  supervising  or  reviewing  any
records  relating to such beneficial  ownership  interest.  Notwithstanding  the
foregoing, with respect to any Security in global form, nothing


                                     - 24 -
<PAGE>

herein  shall  prevent the Company or the Trustee or any agent of the Company or
the Trustee  from giving  effect to any  written  certification,  proxy or other
authorization  furnished by any Depositary (or its nominee),  as a Holder,  with
respect to such  Security in global form or impair,  as between such  Depositary
and  owners  of  beneficial  interests  in such  Security  in global  form,  the
operation of  customary  practices  governing  the exercise of the right of such
Depositary (or its nominee) as holder of such Security in global form.

          SECTION 3.09. Cancellation.

          All Securities  surrendered for payment,  redemption,  registration of
transfer or exchange or for credit  against any sinking fund payment  shall,  if
surrendered  to any Person other than the  Trustee,  be delivered to the Trustee
and shall be promptly  cancelled  by it. The Company may at any time  deliver to
the  Trustee  for  cancellation  any  Securities  previously  authenticated  and
delivered   hereunder  which  the  Company  may  have  acquired  in  any  manner
whatsoever,  and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly  cancelled by the
Trustee.  No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any
Securities cancelled as provided in this Section,  except as expressly permitted
by this Indenture. All cancelled Securities shall be held by the Trustee and may
be destroyed (and, if so destroyed,  certification of their destruction shall be
delivered to the Company,  unless,  by a Company Order, the Company shall direct
that cancelled Securities be returned to it).

          SECTION 3.10. Computation of Interest.

          Except as  otherwise  specified  as  contemplated  by Section 3.01 for
Securities  of any series,  interest on the  Securities  of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a year of twelve 30-day months.



                                     - 25 -
<PAGE>


                                   ARTICLE IV

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

          SECTION 4.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

          This  Indenture  shall cease to be of further effect (except as to any
surviving  rights of registration  of transfer or exchange of Securities  herein
expressly  provided  for or in the form of Security for such  series),  when the
Trustee,  upon Company Request and at the expense of the Company,  shall execute
proper instruments  acknowledging  satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture,
when

          (a) either

          (1) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than
(A)  Securities  which have been  destroyed,  lost or stolen and which have been
replaced  or paid as  provided  in  Section  3.06 and (B)  Securities  for whose
payment money has theretofore  been deposited in trust or segregated and held in
trust by the Company and  thereafter  repaid to the Company or  discharged  from
such trust, as provided in Section 10.07) have been delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation; or

          (2) all such Securities not  theretofore  delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation

          (A) have become due and payable, or

          (B) will become due and payable at their  Stated  Maturity  within one
year, or

          (C) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements
satisfactory  to the  Trustee  for the  giving of notice  of  redemption  by the
Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

and the Company,  in the case of (A), (B) or (C) above,  has deposited  with the
Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose an amount  sufficient to pay and
discharge the entire  indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore  delivered
to the  Trustee  for  cancellation,  for  principal  (and  premium,  if any) and
interest  to the date of such  deposit  (in the case of  Securities  which  have
become due and payable) or the Stated  Maturity or Redemption  Date, as the case
may be;

          (b) the Company  has paid or caused to be paid all other sums  payable
hereunder by the Company; and

          (c) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer's  Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel,  each stating that all conditions  precedent provided
for herein  relating to the  satisfaction  and discharge of this  Indenture have
been complied with.


                                     - 26 -
<PAGE>

          Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture,  the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.07, the obligations of
the Company to any  Authenticating  Agent under Section 6.14 and, if money shall
have been deposited with the Trustee  pursuant to subclause (2) of clause (a) of
this Section  4.01,  the  obligations  of the Trustee under Section 4.02 and the
last paragraph of Section 10.07 shall survive.

          If the  Company  shall  have  paid or caused to be paid in whole or in
part the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on any Security,  as and
when the same shall become due and payable or the Company  shall have  delivered
to the Trustee for  cancellation any outstanding  Security,  such Security shall
cease to be  entitled  to the lien,  benefit  or  security  interest  under this
Indenture to the extent of such amounts paid.

          SECTION 4.02. Application of Trust Money.

          Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.07,  all
money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.01 shall be held in trust
and applied by it, in accordance  with the provisions of the Securities and this
Indenture,  to  the  payment,  either  directly  or  through  any  Paying  Agent
(including  the  Company  acting as its own  Paying  Agent) as the  Trustee  may
determine,  to the Persons entitled thereto,  of the principal (and premium,  if
any) and  interest  for whose  payment  such  money has been  deposited  with or
received by the Trustee.



                                     - 27 -
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE V

                                    REMEDIES

          SECTION 5.01. Events of Default.

          "EVENT OF DEFAULT," wherever used herein with respect to Securities of
any series,  means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such
Event of Default  and  whether it shall be  voluntary  or  involuntary  or to be
effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any
court or any order,  rule or regulation of any  administrative  or  governmental
body):

          (1) the Company  defaults  in the payment of interest on any  Security
     when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a
     period of 30 days; or

          (2) the  Company  defaults  in the  payment  of the  principal  of (or
     premium,  if any, on) any Security when the same becomes due and payable at
     Maturity,  upon  redemption  (including  redemptions  under Article XI), or
     otherwise; or

          (3)  the  Company  fails  to  observe  or  perform  any of  its  other
     covenants,  warranties or  agreements  in the  Securities of that series or
     this Indenture  (other than a covenant,  agreement or warranty a default in
     whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically
     dealt with or which has expressly  been included in this  Indenture  solely
     for the benefit of series of Securities  other than that  series),  and the
     failure to observe or perform  continues  for a period of 60 days after the
     date on which  written  notice of such  failure,  requiring  the same to be
     remedied  and stating  that such notice is a "Notice of Default"  hereunder
     shall  have been  given to the  Company by the  Trustee  by  registered  or
     certified  mail,  or to the  Company  and the  Trustee by the holders of at
     least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;
     or

          (4) the  Company  defaults  in the  payment  when due  (subject to any
     applicable grace period),  whether at stated maturity or otherwise,  of any
     principal  of or interest  on (however  designated)  any  indebtedness  for
     borrowed money of, or guaranteed by, the Company in the aggregate principal
     amount of at least  $50,000,000,  whether such  indebtedness  now exists or
     shall hereafter be created; or

          (5) the Company  pursuant  to or within the meaning of any  Bankruptcy
     Law (A) commences a voluntary  case or proceeding  under any Bankruptcy Law
     with respect to itself, (B) consents to the entry of a judgment,  decree or
     order for relief against it in an involuntary  case or proceeding under any
     Bankruptcy  Law,  (C)  consents  to or  acquiesces  in the  institution  of
     bankruptcy or insolvency  proceedings against it, (D) applies for, consents
     to or acquiesces in the appointment of or taking  possession by a Custodian
     of the  Company  or for any  material  part of its  property,  (E)  makes a
     general  assignment  for the  benefit  of its  creditors  or (F)  takes any
     corporate  action in  furtherance  of or to  facilitate,  conditionally  or
     otherwise, any of the foregoing; or


                                     - 28 -
<PAGE>


          (6) (i) a court of competent jurisdiction enters a judgment, decree or
     order for  relief in  respect  of the  Company  in an  involuntary  case or
     proceeding  under any  Bankruptcy  Law which  shall (A) approve as properly
     filed  a  petition  seeking  reorganization,   arrangement,  adjustment  or
     composition  in respect of the  Company,  (B)  appoint a  Custodian  of the
     Company  or for  any  material  part  of its  property  or  (C)  order  the
     winding-up or  liquidation  of its affairs,  and such  judgment,  decree or
     order shall remain  unstayed  and in effect for a period of 60  consecutive
     days;  or (ii) any  bankruptcy  or insolvency  petition or  application  is
     filed, or any bankruptcy or insolvency  proceeding is commenced against the
     Company and such  petition,  application  or  proceeding  is not  dismissed
     within 60 days;  or (iii) a warrant of  attachment  is issued  against  any
     material  portion of the  property  of the  Company  which is not  released
     within 60 days of service, or

          (7) any other Event of Default  provided with respect to Securities of
     that series.

          A Default  under clause (3) above is not an Event of Default until the
Trustee or the  Holders  of at least 25% in  aggregate  principal  amount of the
Outstanding  Securities of that series notify the Company of the Default and the
Company does not cure the Default within 60 days after receipt of the notice.

          SECTION 5.02. Acceleration of Maturity and Rescission.

          If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series (other
than an Event of Default  specified in clause (5) or (6) of Section 5.01) occurs
and is  continuing,  the  Trustee by notice in writing  to the  Company,  or the
Holders  of at  least  25% in  aggregate  principal  amount  of the  Outstanding
Securities  of that series by notice in writing to the Company and the  Trustee,
may  declare  the  unpaid  principal  of and  accrued  interest  to the  date of
acceleration  (or, if the  Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount
Securities,  such  portion of the  principal  amount as may be  specified in the
terms of that series) on all the Outstanding Securities of that series to be due
and  payable  immediately  and,  upon  any  such  declaration,  the  Outstanding
Securities  of that series (or specified  principal  amount) shall become and be
immediately due and payable.

          If an Event of Default  specified in clause (5) or (6) of Section 5.01
occurs,  all  unpaid  principal  of and  accrued  interest  on  the  Outstanding
Securities  of that  series (or  specified  principal  amount)  shall ipso facto
become and be immediately  due and payable  without any declaration or other act
on the part of the Trustee or any Holder of any Security of that series.

          Upon payment of all such  principal and interest,  all of the Company'
obligations  under  the  Securities  of that  series  and (upon  payment  of the
Securities of all series) this Indenture  shall  terminate,  except  obligations
under Section 6.07.

          The  Holders of not less than a majority  in  principal  amount of the
Outstanding  Securities  of that  series by notice to the Trustee may rescind an
acceleration and its  consequences if (i) all existing Events of Default,  other
than the  nonpayment of the principal


                                     - 29 -
<PAGE>

of and interest on the  Securities  of that series that has become due solely by
such declaration of acceleration,  have been cured or waived, (ii) to the extent
the payment of such  interest is lawful,  interest  on overdue  installments  of
interest  and  overdue  principal  that has  become due  otherwise  than by such
declaration  of  acceleration  have been paid,  (iii) the  rescission  would not
conflict  with any judgment or decree of a court of competent  jurisdiction  and
(iv) all payments due to the Trustee and any  predecessor  Trustee under Section
6.07 have been made.

          SECTION 5.03.  Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by
Trustee.

          The Company covenants that if:

          (1)  default is made in the payment of any  interest  on any  Security
     when such  interest  becomes due and payable,  (A) if such  default  occurs
     prior to the Release  Date,  and such default  continues for a period of 90
     days,  or (B) if such  default  occurs on or after the Release  Date,  such
     default continues for a period of 30 days, or

          (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
     any, on) any Security at Maturity,  upon redemption  (including  redemption
     under Article XII) or otherwise,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee,  pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders  of such  Securities,  the whole  amount  then due and  payable  on such
Securities for principal  (and premium,  if any) and interest and, to the extent
that  payment of such  interest  shall be legally  enforceable,  interest on any
overdue principal (and premium, if any) and on any overdue interest, at the rate
or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,  and, in addition thereto, such
further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the reasonable costs and expenses
of collection,  including the reasonable compensation,  expenses,  disbursements
and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

          If the Company fails to pay such amounts  forthwith  upon such demand,
the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a
judicial  proceeding  for the  collection  of the  sums so due and  unpaid,  may
prosecute  such  proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same
against the Company or any other  obligor upon such  Securities  and collect the
moneys  adjudged  or decreed to be payable in the manner  provided by law out of
the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities,  wherever
situated.

          If an Event of Default hereunder occurs and is continuing, the Trustee
may in its  discretion  proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights
of the Holders of Securities by such  appropriate  judicial  proceedings  as the
Trustee  shall deem most  effectual  to protect  and  enforce  any such  rights,
whether  for the  specific  enforcement  of any  covenant or  agreement  in this
Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power  granted  herein,  or to secure
any other proper remedy.


                                     - 30 -
<PAGE>

          SECTION 5.04. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

          In case of the pendency of any receivership,  insolvency, liquidation,
bankruptcy,  reorganization,   arrangement,  adjustment,  composition  or  other
judicial  proceeding  relative  to the  Company  or any other  obligor  upon the
Securities  or the  property  of the  Company or of such other  obligor or their
creditors,  the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities
shall  then be due  and  payable  as  therein  expressed  or by  declaration  or
otherwise and  irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on
the Company for the payment of overdue  principal or interest) shall be entitled
and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,

          (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of  principal  (and
     premium, if any) and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities
     and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable
     in order to have the  claims of the  Trustee  (including  any claim for the
     reasonable  compensation,  expenses,  disbursements  and  advances  of  the
     Trustee, its agent and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial
     proceedings, and

          (ii) to collect and receive  any moneys or other  property  payable or
     deliverable  on any  such  claims  and to  distribute  the  same;  and  any
     custodian,  receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator,  sequestrator or other
     similar  official in any such judicial  proceeding is hereby  authorized by
     each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the
     Trustee  shall  consent  to the  making of such  payments  directly  to the
     Holders,  to  pay to the  Trustee  any  amount  due it for  the  reasonable
     compensation,  expenses,  disbursements  and advances of the  Trustee,  its
     agents and counsel,  and any other  amounts due the Trustee  under  Section
     6.07.

                  Nothing  herein  contained  shall be deemed to  authorize  the
Trustee  to  authorize  or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder
any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities  or the rights of any Holder  thereof or to authorize  the Trustee to
vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

          SECTION  5.05.  Trustee  May  Enforce  Claims  Without  Possession  of
Securities.

          All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities
may be prosecuted  and enforced by the Trustee  without the possession of any of
the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and
any such  proceeding  instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name
as trustee of an express  trust,  and any  recovery  of  judgment  shall,  after
provision   for  the   payment  of  the   reasonable   compensation,   expenses,
disbursements  and advances of the Trustee,  its agents and counsel,  be for the
ratable  benefit  of the  Holders  of the  Securities  in  respect of which such
judgment has been recovered.


                                     - 31 -
<PAGE>

          SECTION 5.06. Application of Money Collected.

          Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article in respect
of the Securities of any series shall be applied in the following  order, at the
date or dates fixed by the  Trustee  and,  in case of the  distribution  of such
money  on  account  of  principal  (or  premium,  if  any)  or  interest,   upon
presentation  of the  Securities in respect of which moneys have been  collected
and the  notation  thereon  of the  payment  if only  partially  paid  and  upon
surrender thereof if fully paid:

          First:  To the payment of all amounts  due the Trustee  under  Section
6.07 applicable to such series;

          Second:  To the  payment  of the  amounts  then  due  and  unpaid  for
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of such series
in respect of which or for the  benefit of which such money has been  collected,
ratably,  without  preference or priority of any kind,  according to the amounts
due and payable on such Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if
any) and interest, respectively; and

          Third: To the Company.

          The Trustee may fix a record date and payment  date for any payment to
Holders  pursuant to this Section  5.06.  At least fifteen (15) days before such
record date, the Trustee shall mail to each Holder and the Company a notice that
states the record date, the payment date and the amount to be paid.

          SECTION 5.07. Limitation on Suits.

          No  Holder  of any  Security  of any  series  shall  have any right to
institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture,
or for the  appointment  of a  receiver  or  trustee,  or for any  other  remedy
hereunder, unless:

          (1) such Holder has previously  given written notice to the Trustee of
     a  continuing  Event of  Default  with  respect to the  Securities  of that
     series;

          (2) the  Holders  of not less  than  25% in  principal  amount  of the
     Outstanding  Securities  of that series shall have made written  request to
     the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in
     its own name as Trustee hereunder;

          (3) such  Holder or Holders  have  offered to the  Trustee  reasonable
     indemnity  against the costs,  expenses and  liabilities  to be incurred in
     compliance with such request;

          (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,  request
     and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and


                                     - 32 -
<PAGE>


          (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given
     to the Trustee  during  such 60-day  period by the Holders of a majority in
     principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of Holders of Securities of
any  series  shall  have any right in any  manner  whatever  by virtue of, or by
availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the
rights of any other of such Holders,  or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority
or preference  over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this
Indenture,  except in the manner  herein  provided and for the equal and ratable
benefit of all Holders of Securities of the affected series.

          SECTION  5.08.  Unconditional  Right of Holders to Receive  Principal,
Premium and Interest.

          Notwithstanding  any other provision in this Indenture,  the Holder of
any  Security  shall have the right,  which is absolute  and  unconditional,  to
receive  payment of the  principal  of (and  premium,  if any) and  (subject  to
Section  3.07)  interest on such  Security on the Stated  Maturity or Maturities
expressed in such Security  (or, in the case of  redemption,  on the  Redemption
Date) and to institute suit for the  enforcement  of any such payment,  and such
rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

          SECTION 5.09. Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

          If the Trustee or any Holder has  instituted any proceeding to enforce
any  right  or  remedy  under  this  Indenture  and  such  proceeding  has  been
discontinued or abandoned for any reason,  or has been  determined  adversely to
the  Trustee or to such  Holder,  then and in every  such  case,  subject to any
determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall
be restored  severally and respectively to their former positions  hereunder and
thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue
as though no such proceeding has been instituted.

          SECTION 5.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

          Except as  otherwise  provided  with  respect  to the  replacement  or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph
of Section  3.06, no right or remedy  herein  conferred  upon or reserved to the
Trustee or to the  Holders is  intended  to be  exclusive  of any other right or
remedy,  and every right and remedy  shall,  to the extent  permitted by law, be
cumulative  and in addition to every other right and remedy  given  hereunder or
now or hereafter  existing at law or in equity or  otherwise.  The  assertion or
employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the
concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

          SECTION 5.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

          No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities
to exercise any right or remedy  accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair
any such right or remedy or  constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or
an acquiescence therein.


                                     - 33 -
<PAGE>

Every right and remedy  given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the
Holders  may be  exercised  from  time to time,  and as  often as may be  deemed
expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.

          SECTION 5.12. Control by Holders.

          The  Holders  of a majority  in  principal  amount of the  Outstanding
Securities  of any series  shall  have the right to direct the time,  method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy  available to the Trustee,  or
exercising  any trust or power  conferred  on the  Trustee,  with respect to the
Securities of such series, provided that:

          (1) such  direction  shall not be in conflict  with any rule of law or
     with this Indenture;

          (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee
     which is not inconsistent with such direction; and

          (3)  subject to Section  6.01,  the  Trustee  need not take any action
     which  might  involve  the  Trustee  in  personal  liability  or be  unduly
     prejudicial to the Holders not joining therein.

          SECTION 5.13. Waiver of Past Defaults.

          The  Holders of not less than a majority  in  principal  amount of the
Outstanding  Securities  of any series may by written  notice to the  Trustee on
behalf of the Holders of all the  Securities of such series waive any Default or
Event of Default  with  respect to such  series and its  consequences,  except a
Default or Event of Default

          (1) in respect of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any)
     or interest on any Security of such series, or

          (2) in respect of a covenant  or other  provision  hereof  which under
     Article  Nine  cannot be  modified  or amended  without  the consent of the
     Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

          Upon any such waiver,  such Default or Event of Default shall cease to
exist  and  shall be  deemed to have  been  cured,  for  every  purpose  of this
Indenture and the Securities of such series;  but no such waiver shall extend to
any  subsequent  or other  Default  or Event of  Default  or  impair  any  right
consequent thereon.

          SECTION 5.14. Undertaking for Costs.

          All parties to this Indenture  agree,  and each Holder of any Security
by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed,  that any court may in
its discretion  require,  in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy
under this  Indenture,  or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken,
suffered or omitted by it as Trustee,  the filing by any party  litigant in such
suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such


                                     - 34 -
<PAGE>

court  may in its  discretion  assess  reasonable  costs,  including  reasonable
attorneys' fees,  against any party litigant in such suit,  having due regard to
the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant;
but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Company,  to any suit  instituted by the Trustee,  to any suit instituted by any
Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by
any Holder for the  enforcement  of the payment of the principal of (or premium,
if any)  or  interest  on any  Security  on or  after  the  Stated  Maturity  or
Maturities  expressed in such  Security  (or, in the case of  redemption,  on or
after the Redemption Date).

          SECTION 5.15. Waiver of Stay or Extension.

          The Company  covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that
it will not at any time  insist  upon,  or plead,  or in any  manner  whatsoever
claim,  and will actively resist any and all efforts to be compelled to take the
benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever  enacted,  now or at
any time hereafter in force,  which may affect the covenants or the  performance
of this  Indenture;  and (to the extent that it may  lawfully do so) the Company
hereby  expressly  waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants
that it will not  hinder,  delay or impede  the  execution  of any power  herein
granted to the Trustee,  but will suffer and permit the  execution of every such
power as though no such law had been enacted.


                                     - 35 -
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE VI

                                   THE TRUSTEE

          SECTION 6.01. Certain Duties and Responsibilities of the Trustee.

          (a)  Except  during  the  continuance  of an  Event  of  Default,  the
Trustee's duties and responsibilities  under this Indenture shall be governed by
Section 315 (a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

          (b) In case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, and is
known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in
it by this  Indenture,  and shall use the same degree of care and skill in their
exercise,  as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the
conduct of his own affairs.

          (c) None of the  provisions of Section 315 (d) of the Trust  Indenture
Act shall be excluded from this Indenture.

          SECTION 6.02. Notice of Defaults.

          Within 30 days after the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default
with  respect to the  Securities  of any series,  the Trustee  shall give to all
Holders of Securities of such series, as their names and addresses appear in the
Security  Register,  notice of such  Default  or Event of  Default  known to the
Trustee,  unless  such  Default  or Event of  Default  shall  have been cured or
waived;  provided,  however,  that,  except in the case of a Default or Event of
Default in the payment of the  principal of (or premium,  if any) or interest on
any  Security of such series or in the payment of any sinking  fund  installment
with respect to  Securities  of such series,  the Trustee  shall be protected in
withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors,  the executive
committee or a trust committee of directors and/or  Responsible  Officers of the
Trustee in good faith  determine  that the  withholding of such notice is in the
interest of the Holders of Securities of such series.

          SECTION 6.03. Certain Rights of Trustee.

          Subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act:

          (a) the  Trustee  may  rely  and  shall  be  protected  in  acting  or
refraining from acting upon any resolution,  certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion,  report, notice, request,  direction,  consent, order, bond, debenture,
note,  other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document  believed by it
to be  genuine  and to have been  signed or  presented  by the  proper  party or
parties;

          (b) any request or direction of the Company  mentioned herein shall be
sufficiently  evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order and any resolution
of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;


                                     - 36 -
<PAGE>


          (c) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall
deem it  desirable  that a matter  be  proved or  established  prior to  taking,
suffering or omitting any action  hereunder,  the Trustee (unless other evidence
be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part,
rely upon an Officer's Certificate;

          (d) the  Trustee may consult  with  counsel and the written  advice of
such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete  authorization
and  protection  in  respect  of any  action  taken,  suffered  or omitted by it
hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

          (e) the Trustee  shall be under no  obligation  to exercise any of the
rights or powers  vested in it by this  Indenture at the request or direction of
any of the Holders  pursuant to this  Indenture,  unless such Holders shall have
offered to the Trustee  security or  indemnity  to its  reasonable  satisfaction
against the costs,  expenses  and  liabilities  which might be incurred by it in
compliance with such request or direction;

          (f) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the
Securities  of any series and after the curing or waiving of all such  Events of
Default  which may have  occurred,  the  Trustee  shall not be bound to make any
investigation  into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,  certificate,
statement,  instrument,  opinion, report, notice, request,  direction,  consent,
order,  approval  or other  paper or  document,  or the books and records of the
Company,  unless  requested  in writing to do so by the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any series; provided, however,
that if the  payment  within a  reasonable  time to the  Trustee  of the  costs,
expenses  or  liabilities  likely  to be  incurred  by it in the  making of such
investigation is not, in the opinion of the Trustee,  reasonably  assured to the
Trustee  by the  security  afforded  to it by the terms of this  Indenture,  the
Trustee  may  require  reasonable  indemnity  against  such  costs,  expenses or
liabilities  as a condition to so proceeding;  the  reasonable  expense of every
such  investigation  shall be paid by the  Company  or, if paid by the  Trustee,
shall be repaid by the Company upon demand;

          (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers  hereunder  or
perform  any  duties  hereunder  either  directly  or by or  through  agents  or
attorneys  and the  Trustee  shall  not be  responsible  for any  misconduct  or
negligence  on the part of any agent or attorney  appointed  with due care by it
hereunder; and

          SECTION 6.04. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.

          The  recitals  herein  and in the  Securities,  except  the  Trustee's
certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company,
and the Trustee or any Authenticating  Agent assumes no responsibility for their
correctness.  The  Trustee  makes  no  representations  as to  the  validity  or
sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.  Neither the Trustee nor any
Authenticating  Agent shall be  accountable  for the use or  application  by the
Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.


                                     - 37 -
<PAGE>


          SECTION 6.05. May Hold Securities.

          The Trustee, any Authenticating  Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar  or any other agent of the  Company,  in its  individual  or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections
6.08 and 6.13, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would
have if it were  not  Trustee,  Authenticating  Agent,  Paying  Agent,  Security
Registrar or such other agent.

          SECTION 6.06. Money Held in Trust.

          Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder  (including  amounts held
by the Trustee as Paying Agent) need not be  segregated  from other funds except
to the extent  required  by law.  The  Trustee  may allow and credit the Company
interest on any money  received by it hereunder at such rate,  if any, as may be
agreed upon by the Company and the Trustee from time to time as may be permitted
by law.

          SECTION 6.07. Compensation and Reimbursement.

          The Company agrees

          (1) to pay to the Trustee  from time to time  reasonable  compensation
     for all services rendered by it hereunder (which  compensation shall not be
     limited by any provision of law in regard to the  compensation of a trustee
     of an express trust);

          (2) except as otherwise  expressly  provided herein,  to reimburse the
     Trustee upon its request for all  reasonable  expenses,  disbursements  and
     advances  incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance  with any provision
     of this Indenture  (including the reasonable  compensation and the expenses
     and  disbursements  of its agents and  counsel),  except any such  expense,
     disbursement  or advance as may be  attributable  to its  negligence or bad
     faith; and

          (3) to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any
     loss,  liability,  damage,  claim or expense,  including  taxes (other than
     taxes based upon or  determined  or measured by the income of the Trustee),
     incurred without  negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in
     connection  with the  acceptance or  administration  of the trust or trusts
     hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any
     claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of
     its powers or duties hereunder.

          When the Trustee  incurs  expenses or renders  services in  connection
with an Event of Default  specified in Section 5.01(5) or Section  5.01(6),  the
expenses  (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its counsel) and the
compensation   for  the  services  are  intended  to   constitute   expenses  of
administration  under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy,  insolvency or
other similar law.


                                     - 38 -
<PAGE>


          The provisions of this Section 6.07 shall survive this Indenture.

          SECTION 6.08. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.

          The Trustee shall be disqualified only where such  disqualification is
required by Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. Nothing shall prevent the
Trustee  from  filing with the  Commission  the  application  referred to in the
second to last paragraph of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.

          SECTION 6.09. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.

          There  shall  at all  times  be a  Trustee  hereunder  which  shall be
eligible to act as Trustee under Section  310(a) (1) of the Trust  Indenture Act
having a  combined  capital  and  surplus  of at least  $50,000,000  subject  to
supervision or examination by federal or State  authority.  If such  corporation
publishes  reports of  condition  at least  annually,  pursuant to law or to the
requirements of said supervising or examining  authority,  then for the purposes
of this Section,  the combined capital and surplus of such corporation  shall be
deemed to be its  combined  capital  and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published. Neither the Company nor any Person directly or
indirectly controlling,  controlled by, or under common control with the Company
may serve as Trustee.  If at any time the Trustee  shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section,  it shall resign  immediately in
the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

          SECTION 6.10. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

          (a) No  resignation  or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a
successor  Trustee  pursuant to this Article  shall become  effective  until the
acceptance  of  appointment  by the  successor  Trustee in  accordance  with the
applicable requirements of Section 6.11.

          (b) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the  Securities
of one or more series by giving written  notice  thereof to the Company.  If the
instrument of acceptance by a successor  Trustee  required by Section 6.11 shall
not have been  delivered to the Trustee  within 30 days after the giving of such
notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction  for the  appointment  of a successor  Trustee  with respect to the
Securities of such series.

          (c) The  Trustee  may be  removed  at any  time  with  respect  to the
Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the  Outstanding  Securities of such series,  delivered to the Trustee and to
the Company.

          (d) If at any time:

          (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section  310(b) of the Trust
     Indenture  Act after  written  request  therefor  by the  Company or by any
     Holder  who has been a bona  fide  Holder  of a  Security  for at least six
     months; or


                                     - 39 -
<PAGE>

          (2) the  Trustee  shall cease to be eligible  under  Section  6.09 and
     shall fail to resign after  written  request  therefor by the Company or by
     any such Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
     for at least six months; or

          (3) the Trustee shall become  incapable of acting or shall be adjudged
     a bankrupt or  insolvent  or a receiver  of the Trustee or of its  property
     shall be  appointed or any public  officer  shall take charge or control of
     the   Trustee  or  of  its   property   or  affairs   for  the  purpose  of
     rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;

then,  in any such case,  (i) the Company by a Board  Resolution  may remove the
Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to Section 315(e) of the
Trust  Indenture  Act,  any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
for at least six  months  may,  on behalf of himself  and all  others  similarly
situated,  petition any court of competent  jurisdiction  for the removal of the
Trustee  with  respect to all  Securities  and the  appointment  of a  successor
Trustee or Trustees.

          (e) If the Trustee  shall  resign,  be removed or become  incapable of
acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with
respect  to the  Securities  of one or  more  series,  the  Company,  by a Board
Resolution,  shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect
to the  Securities  of that or those series (it being  understood  that any such
successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more
or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee  with
respect to the  Securities of any  particular  series) and shall comply with the
applicable  requirements  of  Section  6.11.  If,  within  one year  after  such
resignation,  removal or  incapability,  or the  occurrence of such  vacancy,  a
successor  Trustee  with  respect  to the  Securities  of any  series  shall  be
appointed  by Act of the  Holders  of a  majority  in  principal  amount  of the
Outstanding  Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring
Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance
of such  appointment in accordance  with the applicable  requirements of Section
6.11, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series
and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company with
respect  to  such  Securities.  If no  successor  Trustee  with  respect  to the
Securities  of any series  shall have been so  appointed  by the  Company or the
Holders and accepted  appointment  in the manner  required by Section 6.11,  any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least
six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition
any court of competent  jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor  Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series.

          (f) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal
of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment
of a successor  Trustee with respect to the  Securities of any series by mailing
written  notice of such  event by  first-class  mail,  postage  prepaid,  to all
Holders of Securities of such series as their names and addresses  appear in the
Security  Register.  Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee
with respect to the  Securities  of such series and the address of its Corporate
Trust Office.


                                     - 40 -
<PAGE>


          SECTION 6.11. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

          (a) In case of the appointment  hereunder of a successor  Trustee with
respect to all  Securities,  every such  successor  Trustee so  appointed  shall
execute,  acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring  Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment,  and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring  Trustee  shall become  effective  and such  successor  Trustee,
without any further act,  deed or  conveyance,  shall become vested with all the
rights,  powers,  trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request
of the Company or the successor  Trustee,  such  retiring  Trustee  shall,  upon
payment of its charges,  execute and deliver an instrument  transferring to such
successor Trustee all the rights,  powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and
shall duly assign,  transfer and deliver to such successor  Trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

          (b) In case of the appointment  hereunder of a successor  Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company,  the
retiring  Trustee and each  successor  Trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall  execute and deliver an indenture  supplemental  hereto
wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain  such  provisions  as shall be  necessary  or  desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in,  each  successor  Trustee  all the  rights,  powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates,  (2)
if the retiring  Trustee is not retiring with respect to all  Securities,  shall
contain  such  provisions  as shall be deemed  necessary or desirable to confirm
that all the rights,  powers,  trusts and duties of the  retiring  Trustee  with
respect  to the  Securities  of that or those  series as to which  the  retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the  provisions of this  Indenture as shall be
necessary  to  provide  for or  facilitate  the  administration  of  the  trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee,  it being  understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the
same  trust and that each such  Trustee  shall be  trustee  of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder  administered by
any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental
indenture,  the  resignation  or removal of the  retiring  Trustee  shall become
effective  to the  extent  provided  therein  and each such  successor  Trustee,
without any further act,  deed or  conveyance,  shall become vested with all the
rights,  powers,  trusts and duties of the retiring  Trustee with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the  appointment  of such  successor
Trustee relates;  but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee,  such
retiring  Trustee  shall duly  assign,  transfer  and deliver to such  successor
Trustee all  property and money held by such  retiring  Trustee  hereunder  with
respect to the  Securities of that or those series to which the  appointment  of
such successor Trustee relates.

          (c) Upon  request of any such  successor  Trustee,  the Company  shall
execute  any and all  instruments  for more fully and  certainly  vesting in and
confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred
to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.


                                     - 41 -
<PAGE>


          (d) No successor  Trustee shall accept its  appointment  unless at the
time of such acceptance  such successor  Trustee shall be qualified and eligible
under the Trust Indenture Act.

          SECTION  6.12.  Merger,  Conversion,  Consolidation  or  Succession to
Business.

          Any  corporation  into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion  or  consolidation  to which  the  Trustee  shall be a party,  or any
corporation  succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee,  shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder,  provided such
corporation  shall be  otherwise  qualified  and  eligible  under this  Article,
without the  execution  or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not  delivered,  by the Trustee  then in office,  any  successor  by merger,
conversion  or  consolidation  to such  authenticating  Trustee  may adopt  such
authentication  and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

          SECTION 6.13. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

          The Trustee  shall comply with Section  311(a) of the Trust  Indenture
Act, excluding any creditor  relationship  listed in Section 311(b) of the Trust
Indenture  Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been  removed  shall be subject to
Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent indicated therein.

          SECTION 6.14. Appointment of Authenticating Agent.

          At any time when any of the Securities remain  Outstanding the Trustee
may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series
of Securities  which shall be authorized to act on behalf of, and subject to the
direction of, the Trustee to authenticate  Securities of such series issued upon
exchange,  registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to
Section 3.06, and Securities so authenticated  shall be entitled to the benefits
of this  Indenture  and shall be valid and  obligatory  for all  purposes  as if
authenticated  by the  Trustee  hereunder.  Wherever  reference  is made in this
Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the
Trustee's  certificate  of  authentication,  such  reference  shall be deemed to
include   authentication   and   delivery   on  behalf  of  the  Trustee  by  an
Authenticating  Agent and a certificate of authentication  executed on behalf of
the  Trustee by an  Authenticating  Agent.  Each  Authenticating  Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation  organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof
or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent,  having a combined  capital and surplus of not less than  $50,000,000 and
subject to supervision or  examination  by federal or State  authority.  If such
Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually,  pursuant
to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining  authority,  then
for the  purposes  of this  Section,  the  combined  capital and surplus of such
Authenticating  Agent shall


                                     - 42 -
<PAGE>

be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published.  If at any time an Authenticating  Agent shall
cease to be eligible in accordance  with the  provisions  of this Section,  such
Authenticating  Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect
specified in this Section.

          Any corporation  into which an  Authenticating  Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be  consolidated,  or any  corporation  resulting
from any merger,  conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party,  or any  corporation  succeeding  to the  corporate  agency or
corporate  trust business of an  Authenticating  Agent,  shall continue to be an
Authenticating  Agent,  provided such  corporation  shall be otherwise  eligible
under this Section,  without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

          An  Authenticating  Agent may  resign  at any time by  giving  written
notice  thereof to the Trustee and to the  Company.  The Trustee may at any time
terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof
to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation  or  upon  such  a  termination,   or  in  case  at  any  time  such
Authenticating  Agent  shall  cease  to  be  eligible  in  accordance  with  the
provisions of this Section,  the Trustee may appoint a successor  Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall mail written  notice of
such  appointment  by  first-class  mail,  postage  prepaid,  to all  Holders of
Securities  of the series with respect to which such  Authenticating  Agent will
serve,  as their  names and  addresses  appear  in the  Security  Register.  Any
successor  Authenticating  Agent upon  acceptance of its  appointment  hereunder
shall become  vested with all the rights,  powers and duties of its  predecessor
hereunder,  with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating  Agent.
No successor  Authenticating  Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section.

          The Company  agrees to pay to each  Authenticating  Agent from time to
time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

          If an appointment  with respect to one or more series is made pursuant
to this Section,  the  Securities of such series may have endorsed  thereon,  in
addition  to  the  Trustee's   certificate  of   authentication,   an  alternate
certificate of authentication in the following form:

                         Form of Authenticating Agent's
                          Certificate of Authentication

Dated: ____________


                                     - 43 -
<PAGE>


          This  is one of  the  Securities  of  the  series  designated  therein
referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                            FIRSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
                                                                    As Trustee

                                              By
                                              ________________________________
                                                       As Authenticating Agent


                                              By
                                              ________________________________
                                                          Authorized Signatory


                                     - 44 -
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE VII

                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

          SECTION  7.01.  Company  to Furnish  Trustee  Names and  Addresses  of
Holders.

          The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

          (a) semi-annually, not later than January 1 and July 1 in each year, a
list,  in such form as the  Trustee  may  reasonably  require,  of the names and
addresses of the Holders as of the preceding December 15 or June 15, as the case
may be; and

          (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing,  within
30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request,  a list of similar
form and  content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list
is furnished;

provided,  however,  that so long as the Trustee is the Security  Registrar,  no
such list shall be required to be furnished.

          SECTION 7.02. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.

          (a) The Trustee shall preserve,  in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable,  the names and  addresses  of Holders  contained in the most recent
list  furnished  to the Trustee as  provided  in Section  7.01 and the names and
addresses  of Holders  received  by the  Trustee  in its  capacity  as  Security
Registrar.  The  Trustee may  destroy  any list  furnished  to it as provided in
Section 7.02 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

          (b) If three or more  Holders  (herein  referred  to as  "applicants")
apply in writing to the  Trustee,  and furnish to the Trustee  reasonable  proof
that  each such  applicant  has  owned a  Security  for a period of at least six
months preceding the date of such application,  and such application states that
the applicants  desire to  communicate  with other Holders with respect to their
rights under this Indenture or under the Securities and is accompanied by a copy
of the form of proxy or other  communication  which such  applicants  propose to
transmit, then the Trustee shall, within five Business Days after the receipt of
such application, at its election, either

          (i) afford such applicants access to the information  preserved at the
     time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 7.02(a); or

          (ii) inform such  applicants as to the  approximate  number of Holders
     whose names and addresses  appear in the information  preserved at the time
     by  the  Trustee  in  accordance  with  Section  7.02  (a),  and  as to the
     approximate  cost of  mailing  to such  Holders  the form of proxy or other
     communication, if any, specified in such application.


                                     - 45 -
<PAGE>

          If the Trustee  shall elect not to afford  such  applicants  access to
such  information,   the  Trustee  shall,  upon  the  written  request  of  such
applicants,  mail  to  each  Holder  whose  name  and  address  appears  in  the
information preserved at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 7.02
(a) a copy of the form of proxy or other  communication  which is  specified  in
such request,  with reasonable  promptness  after a tender to the Trustee of the
material to be mailed and of  payment,  or  provision  for the  payment,  of the
reasonable  expenses of mailing,  unless  within five days after such tender the
Trustee shall mail to such  applicants  and file with the  Commission,  together
with a copy of the  material  to be mailed,  a written  statement  to the effect
that, in the opinion of the Trustee,  such mailing would be contrary to the best
interest of the Holders or would be in violation of applicable law. Such written
statement  shall specify the basis of such  opinion.  If the  Commission,  after
opportunity for a hearing upon the objections specified in the written statement
so filed, shall enter an order refusing to sustain any of such objections or if,
after  the  entry of an order  sustaining  one or more of such  objections,  the
Commission  shall find,  after  notice and  opportunity  for  hearing,  that all
objections so sustained have been met and shall enter an order so declaring, the
Trustee shall mail copies of such  material to all such Holders with  reasonable
promptness  after  the  entry of such  order  and the  renewal  of such  tender;
otherwise  the  Trustee  shall be  relieved  of any  obligation  or duty to such
applicants respecting their application.

          (c) Every Holder of  Securities,  by  receiving  and holding the same,
agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the company nor the Trustee
nor any  agent of  either  of them  shall be held  accountable  by reason of the
disclosure of any such  information as to the names and addresses of the Holders
in  accordance  with Section  7.02(b),  regardless of the source from which such
information was derived,  and that the Trustee shall not be held  accountable by
reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under Section 7.02(b).

          SECTION 7.03. Reports by Trustee.

          (a)  Within  60 days  after May 15 of each  year,  the  Trustee  shall
transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities  as provided in Section  313(c) of
the Trust  Indenture  Act, a brief report dated as of May 15, if required by and
in compliance with Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

          (b) The  Trustee  shall  from  time to  time  transmit  by mail to all
Holders of Securities as provided in Section  313(c) of the Trust  Indenture Act
brief reports that comply, both as to content and date of delivery, with Section
313(b) of the Trust Indenture Act (to the extent required by such Section).

          (c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission
to Holders,  be filed by the  Trustee  with each stock  exchange  upon which any
Securities are listed,  with the  Commission  and with the Company.  The Company
will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange.


                                     - 46 -
<PAGE>


          SECTION 7.04. Reports by Company.

          The Company shall:

          (1) file  with the  Trustee,  within  30 days  after  the  Company  is
     required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports
     and of the  information,  documents  and other  reports  (or copies of such
     portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by
     rules and regulations  prescribe) which the Company may be required to file
     with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange
     Act; or, if the Company is not required to file  information,  documents or
     reports  pursuant to either of said  Sections,  then it shall file with the
     Trustee  and the  Commission,  in  accordance  with  rules and  regulations
     prescribed from time to time by the Commission,  such of the  supplementary
     and  periodic  information,  documents  and  reports  which may be required
     pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act in respect of a security  listed
     and registered on a national  securities exchange as may be prescribed from
     time to time in such rules and regulations;

          (2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules
     and  regulations  prescribed  from  time to time  by the  Commission,  such
     additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by
     the Company with the  conditions  and covenants of this Indenture as may be
     required from time to time by such rules and regulations;

          (3)  transmit by mail to all  Holders,  as their  names and  addresses
     appear in the Security  Register,  within 30 days after the filing  thereof
     with the Trustee, such summaries of any information,  documents and reports
     required to be filed by the Company  pursuant to paragraphs  (1) and (2) of
     this Section as may be required by rules and  regulations  prescribed  from
     time to time by the Commission; and

          (4) furnish to the  Trustee,  on or before May 1 of each year, a brief
     certificate  from the  principal  executive  officer,  principal  financial
     officer or principal  accounting  officer as to his or her knowledge of the
     Company's   compliance   with  all  conditions  and  covenants  under  this
     Indenture.  For  purposes  of this  paragraph,  such  compliance  shall  be
     determined  without  regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice
     provided  under this  Indenture.  Such  certificate  need not  comply  with
     Section 1.02.


                                     - 47 -
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, LEASE, SALE OR TRANSFER

          SECTION 8.01. Then Company May Merge, Etc.

          The  Company  shall not  consolidate  with,  or merge with or into any
other   corporation   (whether  or  not  the  Company  shall  be  the  surviving
corporation), or sell, assign, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its
properties  and assets as an  entirety  or  substantially  as an entirety to any
Person or group of affiliated Persons, in one transaction or a series of related
transactions, unless:

          (1) either the Company  shall be the  continuing  Person or the Person
     (if other than the Company) formed by such  consolidation  or with which or
     into which the  Company  is merged or the  Person  (or group of  affiliated
     Persons) to which all or substantially all the properties and assets of the
     Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety are sold,  assigned,
     transferred or leased shall be a corporation  (or constitute  corporations)
     and shall expressly assume, by an indenture  supplemental hereto,  executed
     and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee,  all the
     obligations of the Company under the Securities and this Indenture; and

          (2) immediately  before and after giving effect to such transaction or
     series of related transactions,  no Event of Default, and no Default, shall
     have occurred and be continuing.

          SECTION 8.02. Opinion of Counsel.

          The  Company  shall  deliver  to the  Trustee  prior  to the  proposed
transaction(s)  covered by Section 8.01 an Officer's  Certificate and an Opinion
of Counsel  stating  that the  transaction(s)  and such  supplemental  indenture
comply with this Indenture and that all conditions precedent to the consummation
of the transaction(s) under this Indenture have been met.

          SECTION 8.03. Successor Corporation Substituted.

          Upon any  consolidation  by the Company  with or merger by the Company
into any other corporation or any lease, sale, assignment, or transfer of all or
substantially  all of the property and assets of the Company in accordance  with
Section 8.01, the successor  corporation  formed by such  consolidation  or into
which the Company is merged or the successor  corporation or affiliated group of
corporations to which such lease,  sale,  assignment,  or transfer is made shall
succeed to, and be  substituted  for, and may exercise every right and power of,
the  Company  under this  Indenture  with the same  effect as if such  successor
corporation  or  corporations  had  been  named  as  the  Company  herein,   and
thereafter,  except  in the  case of a lease,  the  predecessor  corporation  or
corporations  shall be  relieved of all  obligations  and  covenants  under this
Indenture and the  Securities  and in the event of such  conveyance or transfer,
except in the case of a lease, any such predecessor corporation may be dissolved
and liquidated.


                                     - 48 -
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE IX

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

          SECTION 9.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.

          Without  notice to or the consent of any Holders,  the  Company,  when
authorized by a Board Resolution,  and the Trustee, at any time and from time to
time,  may  enter  into  one or more  indentures  supplemental  hereto,  in form
satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

          (1) to evidence the  succession of another  corporation to the Company
     and the  assumption  by any such  successor of the covenants of the Company
     herein and in the Securities; or

          (2) to add to the  covenants  of the  Company  for the  benefit of the
     Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be
     for the benefit of less than all series of  Securities,  stating  that such
     covenants  are  expressly  being  included  solely for the  benefit of such
     series)  or to  surrender  any  right or power  herein  conferred  upon the
     Company; or

          (3) to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any
     series of Securities; or

          (4) to add or change any of the  provisions of this  Indenture to such
     extent as shall be  necessary  to  permit or  facilitate  the  issuance  of
     Securities in bearer form,  registrable or not registrable as to principal,
     and with or without interest coupons; or

          (5) to change or eliminate any of the  provisions  of this  Indenture,
     provided that any such change or  elimination  shall become  effective only
     when there is no Security  Outstanding  of any series  created prior to the
     execution of such  supplemental  indenture which is entitled to the benefit
     of such provision; or

          (6) to  establish  the form or terms of  Securities  of any  series as
     permitted by Sections 2.01 and 3.01; or

          (7)  to  evidence  and  provide  for  the  acceptance  of  appointment
     hereunder by a successor  Trustee with respect to the  Securities of one or
     more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture
     as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate  the  administration  of
     the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements
     of Section 6.11(b); or

          (8) to cure any ambiguity,  defect or  inconsistency  or to correct or
     supplement any provision  herein which may be  inconsistent  with any other
     provision herein; or


                                     - 49 -
<PAGE>

          (9) to make any change that does not materially  adversely  affect the
     interests of the Holders of Securities of any series.

          Upon  request  of  the  Company,  accompanied  by a  Board  Resolution
authorizing the execution of any such supplemental  indenture,  and upon receipt
by the Trustee of the  documents  described in (and subject to the last sentence
of) Section  9.03,  the Trustee  shall join with the Company in the execution of
any  supplemental  indenture  authorized  or  permitted  by the  terms  of  this
Indenture.

          SECTION 9.02. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders.

          With the written  consent of the  Holders of a majority  in  principal
amount  of  the   Outstanding   Securities  of  each  series  affected  by  such
supplemental  indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the
Trustee,  the Company,  when authorized by a Board  Resolution,  and the Trustee
shall,  subject  to  Section  10.03,  enter  into  an  indenture  or  indentures
supplemental  hereto for the purpose of adding any  provisions to or changing in
any  manner  or  eliminating  any of the  provisions  of  this  Indenture  or of
modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of  Securities  of such series
under this Indenture;  provided,  however,  that no such supplemental  indenture
shall,  without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding  Security affected
thereby,

          (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment
     of  principal  of or interest  on, any  Security,  or reduce the  principal
     amount thereof or the rate of interest  thereon or any premium payable upon
     the redemption  thereof or extend the time for payment  thereof,  or reduce
     the amount of the  principal of an Original  Issue  Discount  Security that
     would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity
     thereof  pursuant to Section 5.02, or change any Place of Payment where, or
     the coin or currency in which,  any Security or any premium or the interest
     thereon  is  payable,  or  impair  the  right  to  institute  suit  for the
     enforcement  of any such  payment on or after the Stated  Maturity  thereof
     (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date); or

          (2) reduce  the  percentage  in  principal  amount of the  Outstanding
     Securities of any series,  the consent of whose Holders is required for any
     such  supplemental  indenture,  or the consent of whose Holders is required
     for any waiver of compliance  with certain  provisions of this Indenture or
     Defaults or Events of Default hereunder and their consequences provided for
     in this Indenture; or

          (3) change the redemption provisions (including Article Eleven) hereof
     in a manner adverse to such Holder; or

          (4)  modify any of the  provisions  of this  Section or Section  5.13,
     except to increase any such  percentage  or to provide  that certain  other
     provisions  of this  Indenture  cannot be  modified  or waived  without the
     consent  of the  Holder  of each  Outstanding  Security  affected  thereby;
     provided,  however,  that this  clause  shall not be deemed to require  the
     consent of any Holder  with  respect to changes in the  references


                                     - 50 -
<PAGE>

     to "the Trustee" and concomitant  changes in this Section,  or the deletion
     of this proviso,  in accordance with the  requirements of Sections  6.11(b)
     and 9.01(7).

A  supplemental  indenture  which  changes or  eliminates  any covenant or other
provisions of this Indenture  which has expressly  been included  solely for the
benefit of one or more  particular  series of Securities,  or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other  provision,  shall be  deemed  not to  affect  the  rights  under  this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

          It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

          SECTION 9.03. Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

          The Trustee shall sign any supplemental  indenture authorized pursuant
to this  Article,  subject  to the  last  sentence  of  this  Section  9.03.  In
executing,  or accepting  the  additional  trusts  created by, any  supplemental
indenture  permitted by this Article or the modifications  thereby of the trusts
created by this  Indenture,  the  Trustee  shall be  entitled  to  receive,  and
(subject to Section 6.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officer's
Certificate  and an  Opinion  of  Counsel  stating  that the  execution  of such
supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee
may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such  supplemental  indenture
which  affects  the  Trustee's  own  rights,  duties or  immunities  under  this
Indenture or otherwise.

          SECTION 9.04. Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

          Upon the execution of any  supplemental  indenture under this Article,
this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith,  and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of Securities  theretofore or thereafter  authenticated and delivered  hereunder
shall be bound thereby.

          SECTION 9.05. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.

          Every  supplemental  indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

          SECTION 9.06. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.

          Securities  of  any  series  authenticated  and  delivered  after  the
execution of any supplemental  indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall
if required by the Trustee,  bear a notation in form  approved by the Trustee as
to any matter provided for in such supplemental  indenture. If the Company shall
so determine,  new  Securities  of any series so modified as to conform,  in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company,  to any such supplemental  indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and  authenticated  and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.


                                     - 51 -
<PAGE>

                                    ARTICLE X

                                    COVENANTS

          SECTION 10.01. Payments of Principal and Interest.

          With respect to each series of  Securities,  the Company will duly and
punctually  pay the  principal  of (and  premium,  if any) and  interest on such
Securities  in  accordance  with their terms and this  Indenture,  and will duly
comply with all the other terms, agreements and conditions contained in, or made
in the Indenture for the benefit of, the Securities of such series.

          SECTION 10.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency.

          The Company will maintain an office or agency in each Place of Payment
where  Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange or
for presentation  for payment,  where notices and demands to or upon the Company
in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served.  The Company will
give prompt  written  notice to the Trustee of the  location,  and any change in
location,  of such office or agency.  If at any time the  Company  shall fail to
maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee
with the address thereof,  such presentations,  surrenders,  notices and demands
may be made or served at the  address  of the  Trustee  as set forth in  Section
1.05.

          The  Company  may also from time to time  designate  one or more other
offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any
or all such  purposes and may from time to time rescind such  designations.  The
Company will give prompt written  notice to the Trustee of any such  designation
or  rescission  and of any change in the  location  of any such other  office or
agency.

          Unless  otherwise set forth in, or pursuant to, a Board  Resolution or
Indenture  supplemental  hereto  with  respect  to a series of  Securities,  the
Company hereby initially  designates the Corporate Trust Office of Firstar Bank,
National Association, in Cincinnati, Ohio as such office of the Company.

          SECTION 10.03. Corporate Existence.

          Subject to Article  VIII,  the Company will do or cause to be done all
things  necessary  to preserve  and keep in full force and effect its  corporate
existence and the rights  (charter and statutory) and franchises of the Company;
provided,  however,  that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such
right  or  franchise  if  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  determine  that  the
preservation  thereof is no longer  desirable  in the conduct of the business of
the Company.

          SECTION 10.04. Payment of Taxes and Other Claims.

          The Company will pay or discharge,  or cause to be paid or discharged,
before the same shall become delinquent, (l) all material taxes, assessments and
governmental charges


                                     - 52 -
<PAGE>

levied or imposed  upon the Company or upon the  income,  profits or property of
the Company, and (2) all lawful claims for labor,  materials and supplies which,
if unpaid, might by law become a material lien upon the property of the Company;
provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay or discharge or
cause to be paid or discharged any such tax,  assessment,  charge or claim whose
amount,   applicability  or  validity  is  being  contested  in  good  faith  by
appropriate proceedings and for which adequate provision has been made.

          SECTION 10.05. Maintenance of Properties.

          The Company will cause all material  properties  used or useful in the
conduct of its business to be maintained and kept in good condition,  repair and
working  order  (normal wear and tear  excepted) and supplied with all necessary
equipment  and  will  cause  to  be  made  all  necessary   repairs,   renewals,
replacements,  betterments and improvements  thereof,  all as in the judgment of
the Company may be  necessary,  so that the  business  carried on in  connection
therewith may be properly and advantageously  conducted at all times;  provided,
however,   that  nothing  in  this  Section   shall  prevent  the  Company  from
discontinuing  the  operation  or  maintenance  of any of  such  properties,  or
disposing of any of them, if such discontinuance or disposal is, in the judgment
of the Board of  Directors,  desirable  in the  conduct of the  business  of the
Company.

          SECTION 10.06. Certificates Respecting Defaults.

          The Company shall deliver to the Trustee forthwith upon becoming aware
of a Default or Event of Default  (but in no event  later than 10 days after the
occurrence of each Default or Event of Default that is continuing), an Officer's
Certificate  setting  forth the details of such  Default or Event of Default and
the action  that the  Company  proposes  to take with  respect  thereto  and the
specific  section or sections of this  Indenture in  connection  with which such
Default or Event of Default has occurred.

          SECTION 10.07. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.

          If the  Company  shall at any time act as its own  Paying  Agent  with
respect to any series of Securities,  it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium,  if any) or interest on any of the Securities of that
series,  segregate  and hold in trust for the  benefit of the  Persons  entitled
thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium,  if any) or interest
so  becoming  due until  such sums shall be paid to such  Persons  or  otherwise
disposed  of as herein  provided  and will  promptly  notify the  Trustee of its
action or failure so to act.

          Whenever  the  Company  shall have one or more  Paying  Agents for any
series of Securities,  it will,  prior to each due date of the principal of (and
premium,  if any) or interest on any  Securities of that series,  deposit with a
Paying Agent a sum  sufficient  to pay the principal  (and  premium,  if any) or
interest  so becoming  due,  such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the
Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such Paying
Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action
or failure to so act.


                                     - 53 -
<PAGE>

          The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of  Securities
(other than the Trustee) to execute and deliver to the Trustee an  instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee,  subject to the provisions
of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

          (1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the  principal of (and
     premium,  if any) or interest on Securities of that series in trust for the
     benefit of the Persons  entitled  thereto  until such sums shall be paid to
     such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

          (2) give the  Trustee  notice of any  default by the  Company  (or any
     other  obligor  upon the  Securities  of that  series) in the making of any
     payment of principal And premium,  if any) or interest on the Securities of
     that series; and

          (3) at any time during the  continuance of any such default,  upon the
     written  request of the Trustee,  forthwith  pay to the Trustee all sums so
     held in trust by such Paying Agent.

          The  Company  may at any  time,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  the
satisfaction  and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose,  pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying  Agent,  such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same  trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the  Company or
such Paying  Agent;  and,  upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further  liability  with respect to
such money.

          Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held
by the Company,  in trust for the payment of the principal of (and  premium,  if
any) or interest on any Security of any series and  remaining  unclaimed for two
years after such principal (and premium,  if any) or interest has become due and
payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the
Company)  shall be discharged  from such trust;  and the Holder of such Security
shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for
payment  thereof,  and all  liability  of the Trustee or such Paying  Agent with
respect  to such  trust  money,  and all  liability  of the  Company  as trustee
thereof,  shall thereupon  cease;  provided,  however,  that the Trustee or such
Paying  Agent,  before  being  required to make any such  repayment,  may at the
expense of the Company cause to be published  once, in a newspaper  published in
the English language,  customarily published on each Business Day and of general
circulation in New York, New York,  notice that such money remains unclaimed and
that, after a date specified therein,  which shall not be less than 30 days from
the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance or such money then remaining
will be repaid to the Company.

          SECTION  10.08.  Restrictions  on  Sales  of  Voting  Common  Stock of
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation.

          After the date hereof and so long as any Securities  are  Outstanding,
the  Company  shall own,  directly  or  indirectly,  all of the shares of voting
common stock of


                                     - 54 -
<PAGE>

Wisconsin  Public Service  Corporation now or hereafter  issued and outstanding,
unless such shares are transferred or sold in a transaction  which complies with
Section 8.01.

          SECTION 10.09. Restrictions on Liens.

          After the date hereof and so long as any Securities  are  Outstanding,
the Company will not pledge, mortgage,  hypothecate or grant a security interest
in, or permit any mortgage,  pledge,  security  interest or other lien upon, any
capital stock of any Subsidiary now or hereafter directly or indirectly owned by
the Company to secure any  Indebtedness  (hereinafter  defined),  without making
effective  provisions  whereby the Outstanding  Securities  shall be (so long as
such other  Indebtedness  shall be so secured)  equally and ratably secured with
any  and all  such  other  Indebtedness  and any  other  indebtedness  similarly
entitled  to be  equally  and  ratably  secured;  provided,  however,  that this
restriction  shall not apply to nor prevent the creation or existence of (i) any
mortgage,  pledge,  security interest, lien or encumbrance upon any such capital
stock (A) created at the time of the  acquisition  of such capital  stock by the
Company  or within  one year  after  such time to secure all or a portion of the
purchase price for such capital stock or (B) existing thereon at the time of the
acquisition  thereof by the  Company  (whether  or not the  obligations  secured
thereby are assumed by the Company), or (ii) any extension, renewal or refunding
of any mortgage,  pledge,  security interest,  lien or encumbrance  described in
clause (i) above on capital stock of any Subsidiary  theretofore subject thereto
(or substantially the same capital stock) or any portion thereof.

          For  purposes  of  this  Section  10.09,   "INDEBTEDNESS"   means  all
indebtedness,  whether or not represented by bonds,  debentures,  notes or other
securities,  created  or  assumed  by the  Company  or any  Subsidiary  for  the
repayment of money borrowed.  All  indebtedness  for money borrowed secured by a
lien  upon  property  owned by the  Company  or any  Subsidiary  and upon  which
indebtedness for money borrowed the Company or such Subsidiary  customarily pays
interest,  although  the  Company or such  Subsidiary  has not assumed or become
liable  for the  payment  of such  indebtedness  for money  borrowed,  shall for
purposes of this Section  10.09 be deemed to be  indebtedness  of the Company or
such Subsidiary.  All indebtedness for money borrowed of others guaranteed as to
payment of principal by the Company or any Subsidiary or in effect guaranteed by
the Company or such Subsidiary  through a contingent  agreement to purchase such
indebtedness  for money  borrowed  shall be deemed for  purposes of this Section
10.09  to be  Indebtedness  of the  Company  or such  Subsidiary,  but no  other
contingent   obligation  of  the  Company  or  any   Subsidiary  in  respect  of
indebtedness  for money borrowed or other  obligations  incurred by others shall
for purposes of this Section 10.09 be deemed to be  Indebtedness  of the Company
or such Subsidiary.

          In case  the  Company  or any  Subsidiary  shall  propose  to  pledge,
mortgage,  hypothecate or grant a security  interest in any capital stock of any
Subsidiary  owned by the Company or such Subsidiary to secure any  Indebtedness,
other  than as  permitted  by  clauses  (i) and  (ii)  in the  second  preceding
paragraph,  the Company will prior  thereto give written  notice  thereof to the
Trustee,  and the  Company  will prior to or  simultaneously  with such  pledge,
mortgage, hypothecation or grant of security interest, by supplemental indenture
executed to the Trustee (or to the extent legally  necessary to another  trustee
or an  additional or separate  trustee),  in form  satisfactory  to the Trustee,
effectively secure (for so long as other


                                     - 55 -
<PAGE>

Indebtedness  shall be so secured) all the  Securities  equally and ratably with
such Indebtedness and with any other  indebtedness for money borrowed  similarly
entitled to be equally and ratably secured.



                                     - 56 -
<PAGE>


                                   ARTICLE XI

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

          SECTION 11.01. Applicability of Article.

          Securities  of any series  which are  redeemable  before  their Stated
Maturity  shall be  redeemable  in  accordance  with their  terms and (except as
otherwise  specified  as  contemplated  by Section  3.01 for  Securities  of any
series) in accordance with this Article.

          SECTION 11.02. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.

          The  election  of the  Company  to  redeem  any  Securities  shall  be
evidenced by a Board  Resolution.  In case of any  redemption at the election of
the Company of less than all the Securities of any series, the Company shall, at
least 45 days  prior to the  Redemption  Date  fixed by the  Company  (unless  a
shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such
Redemption  Date and of the principal  amount of Securities of such series to be
redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of
any restriction on such  redemption  provided in the terms of such Securities or
elsewhere  in this  Indenture,  the Company  shall  furnish the Trustee  with an
Officer's Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

          SECTION 11.03. Election by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed.

          If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed,  the
particular  Securities  to be redeemed  shall be selected  not more than 90 days
prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding  Securities of
such series not previously called for redemption, substantially pro rata, by lot
or by any other method as the Trustee  considers fair and  appropriate  and that
complies with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if
any,  on which  such  Securities  are  listed,  and  which may  provide  for the
selection  for  redemption  of  portions   (equal  to  the  minimum   authorized
denomination for Securities of that series or any integral  multiple thereof) of
the principal amount of Securities of such series of a denomination  larger than
the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series; provided that
in case the Securities of such series have different terms and  maturities,  the
Securities to be redeemed shall be selected by the Company and the Company shall
give notice thereof to the Trustee.

          The  Trustee  shall  promptly  notify  the  Company  in writing of the
Securities  selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities  selected
for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

          For all  purposes  of this  Indenture,  unless the  context  otherwise
requires,  all provisions  relating to the  redemption of the  Securities  shall
relate,  in the case of any Securities  redeemed or to be redeemed only in part,
to the portion of the principal  amount of such Securities  which has been or is
to be redeemed.


                                     - 57 -
<PAGE>

          SECTION 11.04. Notice of Redemption.

          Notice  of  redemption  shall be given by  first-class  mail,  postage
prepaid,  mailed not less than 30 nor more than 45 days prior to the  Redemption
Date,  unless otherwise  provided in an indenture  supplemental  hereto, to each
Holder of  Securities to be redeemed,  at his address  appearing in the Security
Register.

          All notices of redemption shall state:

          (1) the Redemption Date;

          (2) the Redemption Price;

          (3) if less than all the  Outstanding  Securities of any series are to
     be redeemed,  the identification  (and, in the case of partial  redemption,
     the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed;

          (4) that on the Redemption  Date the Redemption  Price will become due
     and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable, that
     interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date;

          (5) the place or places where such  Securities  are to be  surrendered
     for payment of the Redemption Price;

          (6) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case;

          (7) the CUSIP number, if any, of the Securities to be redeemed; and

          (8) unless otherwise provided as to a particular series of Securities,
     if at the time of  publication  or mailing of any notice of redemption  the
     Company  shall not have  deposited  with the Trustee or Paying Agent and/or
     irrevocably  directed the Trustee or Paying Agent to apply, from money held
     by it available to be used for the redemption of  Securities,  an amount in
     cash  sufficient  to redeem all of the  Securities  called for  redemption,
     including  accrued interest to the Redemption Date, such notice shall state
     that it is subject to the receipt of the  redemption  moneys by the Trustee
     or Paying Agent before the  Redemption  Date  (unless  such  redemption  is
     mandatory)  and such notice shall be of no effect unless such moneys are so
     received before such date.

          Notice of  redemption  of Securities to be redeemed at the election of
the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's  request,  by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

          SECTION 11.05. Deposit of Redemption Price.

          Prior to any  Redemption  Date,  the Company  shall  deposit  with the
Trustee or with a Paying  Agent (or,  if the Company is acting as its own Paying
Agent,  segregate  and hold in trust as provided in Section  10.07) an amount of
money  sufficient to pay the Redemption


                                     - 58 -
<PAGE>

Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest  Payment Date)
accrued interest on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

          SECTION 11.06. Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

          Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so
to be redeemed  shall,  on the  Redemption  Date,  become due and payable at the
Redemption  Price  therein  specified,  and from and after such date (unless the
Company  shall  default  in the  payment  of the  Redemption  Price and  accrued
interest) such  Securities  shall cease to bear interest.  Upon surrender of any
such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall
be paid by the Company at the Redemption  Price,  together with accrued interest
to the Redemption Date; provided,  however,  that installments of interest whose
Stated  Maturity is on or prior to the  Redemption  Date shall be payable to the
Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as
such at the close of business on the  relevant  Regular or Special  Record Dates
according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.07.

          If any  Security  called  for  redemption  shall  not be so paid  upon
surrender  thereof for  redemption,  the principal (and premium,  if any) shall,
until  paid,  bear  interest  from the  Redemption  Date at the rate  prescribed
therefor in the Security.

          SECTION 11.07. Securities Redeemed in Part.

          Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered
at an office or agency of the Company at a Place of Payment  therefor  (with, if
the  Company  or the  Trustee  so  requires,  due  endorsement  by, or a written
instrument of transfer in form  satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly
executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the
Holder of such Security  without service charge, a new Security or Securities of
the same series and Stated Maturity, of any authorized denomination as requested
by such Holder,  in aggregate  principal amount equal to and in exchange for the
unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered.



                                     - 59 -
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE XII

                                  SINKING FUNDS

          SECTION 12.01. Applicability of Article.

          The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund
for the retirement of Securities of a series,  except as otherwise  specified as
contemplated by Section 3.01 for Securities of such series.

          The minimum  amount of any sinking  fund  payment  provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "MANDATORY  SINKING
FUND PAYMENT," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount  provided for by
the terms of  Securities  of any series is herein  referred  to as an  "OPTIONAL
SINKING FUND PAYMENT." If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash  amount of any sinking  fund  payment  may be subject to  reduction  as
provided in Section  12.02.  Each sinking  fund payment  shall be applied to the
redemption  of  Securities  of any  series  as  provided  for by  the  terms  of
Securities of such series.

          SECTION 12.02. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

          The  Company (1) may deliver  Securities  of a series  (other than any
Securities  previously  called  for  redemption)  and (2) may  apply as a credit
Securities  of a series which have been  redeemed  either at the election of the
Company  pursuant to the terms of such  Securities or through the application of
permitted  optional  sinking  fund  payments  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  such
Securities,  in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment  with  respect to the  Securities  of such  series  required  to be made
pursuant to the terms of such  Securities  as provided  for by the terms of such
series; provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption  through  operation
of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

          SECTION 12.03. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

          Not less than 45 days prior to each  sinking fund payment date for any
series of  Securities,  the Company  will  deliver to the  Trustee an  Officer's
Certificate  specifying the amount of the next ensuing  sinking fund payment for
that series pursuant to the terms of that series,  the portion thereof,  if any,
which is to be  satisfied  by payment of cash and the portion  thereof,  if any,
which is to be satisfied by delivering  and crediting  Securities of that series
pursuant to Section 12.02 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to
be so  delivered.  Not less than 30 days before each such  sinking  fund payment
date the Trustee  shall select the  Securities  to be redeemed upon such sinking
fund payment date in the manner  specified in Section  11.03 and cause notice of
the  redemption  thereof  to be given in the name of and at the  expense  of the
Company in the manner  provided in Section  11.04.  Such notice having been duly
given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the
manner stated in Sections 11.06 and 11.07.


                                     - 60 -
<PAGE>


                                  ARTICLE XIII

                       DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

          SECTION 13.01.  Applicability  of Article;  Company's Option to Effect
Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

          Unless   pursuant  to  Section   3.01   provision   is  made  for  the
inapplicability  of  either or both of (a)  Defeasance  of the  Securities  of a
series under  Section 13.02 or (b) Covenant  Defeasance  of the  Securities of a
series under Section 13.03, then the provisions of such Section or Sections,  as
the case may be,  together with the other  provisions of this Article,  shall be
applicable to the  Securities of such series,  and the Company may at its option
by Board Resolution, at any time, with respect to the Securities of such series,
elect to have  either  Section  13.02  (unless  inapplicable)  or Section  13.03
(unless  inapplicable)  be applied to the Outstanding  Securities of such series
upon compliance with the applicable conditions set forth below in this Article.

          SECTION 13.02. Defeasance and Discharge.

          Upon the Company's exercise of the option provided in Section 13.01 to
defease the Outstanding  Securities of a particular series, the Company shall be
discharged  from its obligations  with respect to the Outstanding  Securities of
such series on the date the applicable conditions set forth in Section 13.04 are
satisfied  (hereinafter,  "DEFEASANCE").  Defeasance shall mean that the Company
shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness  represented
by the Outstanding Securities of such series and to have satisfied all its other
obligations  under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities
are  concerned  (and the Trustee,  at the expense of the Company,  shall execute
proper  instruments  acknowledging  the  same);  provided,   however,  that  the
following  rights,  obligations,  powers,  trusts,  duties and immunities  shall
survive until otherwise  terminated or discharged  hereunder:  (A) the rights of
Holders of  Outstanding  Securities  of such series to receive,  solely from the
trust fund provided for in Section  13.04,  payments in respect of the principal
of (and premium,  if any) and interest on such Securities when such payments are
due,  (B) the  Company's  obligations  with  respect  to such  Securities  under
Sections 3.04,  3.05, 3.06,  10.02 and 10.07,  (C) the rights,  powers,  trusts,
duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (D) this Article.  Subject to
compliance  with this Article,  the Company may exercise its option with respect
to Defeasance under this Section 13.02 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its
option with respect to Covenant  Defeasance under Section 14.03 in regard to the
Securities of such series.

          SECTION 13.03. Covenant Defeasance.

          Upon the Company's exercise of the option provided in Section 13.01 to
obtain a Covenant  Defeasance  with respect to the  Outstanding  Securities of a
particular series, the Company shall be released from its obligations under this
Indenture  (except its obligations  under Sections 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 5.06, 5.09,
6.10,  10.01,  10.02,  and 10.07) with respect to the Outstanding  Securities of
such series on and after the date the applicable conditions set


                                     - 61 -
<PAGE>

forth in  Section  13.04 are  satisfied  (hereinafter,  "COVENANT  DEFEASANCE").
Covenant Defeasance shall mean that, with respect to the Outstanding  Securities
of such series,  the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability
in respect of any term,  condition  or  limitation  set forth in this  Indenture
(except its obligations  under Sections 3.04,  3.05,  3.06,  5.06,  5.09,  6.10,
10.01,  10.02,  and  10.07),  whether  directly or  indirectly  by reason of any
reference  elsewhere herein or by reason of any reference to any other provision
herein  or in any  other  document,  and  such  omission  to  comply  shall  not
constitute an Event of Default under Section 5.01(3) with respect to Outstanding
Securities  of such  series,  and the  remainder  of this  Indenture  and of the
Securities of such series shall be unaffected thereby.

          SECTION 13.04. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

          The following  shall be the  conditions  to  Defeasance  under Section
13.02  and  Covenant   Defeasance  under  Section  13.03  with  respect  to  the
Outstanding Securities of a particular series:

          (1) The  Company  shall  irrevocably  have  deposited  or caused to be
     deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee  satisfying the requirements
     of  Section  6.09 who shall  agree to comply  with the  provisions  of this
     Article  applicable  to  it),  under  the  terms  of an  irrevocable  trust
     agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Trustee, as
     trust  funds in trust for the  purpose  of making the  following  payments,
     specifically  pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit
     of the Holders of such  Securities,  (A) Dollars in an amount,  or (B) U.S.
     Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal and
     interest in respect  thereof in  accordance  with their terms will provide,
     not later than the due date of any  payment,  money in an amount,  or (C) a
     combination thereof, in each case sufficient, after payment of all federal,
     state and local taxes or other charges or  assessments  in respect  thereof
     payable by the Trustee,  in the opinion of a nationally  recognized firm of
     independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
     delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge,  and which shall be applied
     by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge,  (i) the
     principal of (and premium, if any, on) and each installment of principal of
     (and premium,  if any) and interest on the  Outstanding  Securities of such
     series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal
     or interest  and (ii) any  mandatory  sinking  fund  payments or  analogous
     payments applicable to the Outstanding Securities of such series on the day
     on which such payments are due and payable in accordance  with the terms of
     this Indenture and of such Securities.

          (2) No Default or Event of Default with respect to the  Securities  of
     such  series  shall have  occurred  and be  continuing  on the date of such
     deposit or shall occur as a result of such deposit, and no Default or Event
     of  Default  under  clause (5) or (6) of  Section  5.01 shall  occur and be
     continuing,  at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the
     date of such deposit (it being  understood that this condition shall not be
     deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).


                                     - 62 -
<PAGE>


          (3) Such deposit,  Defeasance or Covenant  Defeasance shall not result
     in a breach or  violation  of, or  constitute  a default  under,  any other
     agreement or  instrument  to which the Company is a party or by which it is
     bound.

          (4) Such  Defeasance  or  Covenant  Defeasance  shall  not  cause  any
     Securities of such series then listed on any national  securities  exchange
     registered under the Exchange Act to be delisted.

          (5) In the case of an  election  with  respect to Section  13.02,  the
     Company shall have delivered to the Trustee either (A) a ruling directed to
     the Trustee  received from the Internal  Revenue Service to the effect that
     the Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series will not recognize
     income,  gain or loss for federal  income tax  purposes as a result of such
     Defeasance  and will be subject to federal  income tax on the same amounts,
     in the same  manner  and at the same  times as would  have been the case if
     such  Defeasance  had not  occurred or (B) an Opinion of Counsel,  based on
     such ruling or on a change in the  applicable  federal income tax law since
     the date of this  Indenture,  in either case to the effect that,  and based
     thereon such opinion  shall confirm  that,  the Holders of the  Outstanding
     Securities  of such  series  will not  recognize  income,  gain or loss for
     federal  income tax  purposes  as a result of such  Defeasance  and will be
     subject to federal  income tax on the same amounts,  in the same manner and
     at the same  times as would have been the case if such  Defeasance  had not
     occurred.

          (6) In the case of an  election  with  respect to Section  13.03,  the
     Company  shall  have  delivered  to the  Trustee an Opinion of Counsel or a
     ruling directed to the Trustee  received from the Internal  Revenue Service
     to the effect that the Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series
     will not recognize income,  gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as
     a result of such Covenant  Defeasance and will be subject to federal income
     tax on the same amounts,  in the same manner and at the same times as would
     have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred.

          (7) Such  Defeasance  or  Covenant  Defeasance  shall be  effected  in
     compliance with any additional  terms,  conditions or limitations which may
     be imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant to Section 3.01.

          (8) The  Company  shall have  delivered  to the  Trustee an  Officer's
     Certificate  and an Opinion of Counsel,  each stating  that all  conditions
     precedent  provided for  relating to either the  Defeasance  under  Section
     13.02 or the Covenant  Defeasance  under Section 13.03 (as the case may be)
     have been complied with.

          SECTION 13.05.  Deposited Money and Government  Obligations To Be Held
In Trust.

          Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.07,  all
money and Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with
the  Trustee (or other  qualifying  trustee--collectively  for  purposes of this
Section  13.05,  the  "Trustee")  pursuant  to  Section  13.04 in respect of the
Outstanding Securities of a particular series shall be held in trust and applied
by the Trustee,  in accordance  with the provisions of such  Securities and this


                                     - 63 -
<PAGE>

Indenture,  to  the  payment,  either  directly  or  through  any  Paying  Agent
(including  the  Company  acting as its own  Paying  Agent) as the  Trustee  may
determine,  to the Holders of such  Securities of all sums due and to become due
thereon in respect of principal  (and premium,  if any) and  interest,  but such
money need not be segregated  from other funds except to the extent  required by
law.

          The Company shall pay and  indemnify the Trustee  against any tax, fee
or other  charge  imposed on or  assessed  against  the  Government  Obligations
deposited  pursuant to Section 13.04 or the  principal and interest  received in
respect  thereof,  other than any such tax,  fee or other charge which by law is
for the account of the Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series.

          Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding,  the Trustee
shall  deliver to pay to the Company from time to time upon company  Request any
money or Government  Obligations  held by it as provided in Section 13.04 which,
in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written  certification  thereof delivered to the Trustee,  are in
excess of the amount  thereof  which would then be required to be deposited  for
the purpose for which such money or Government Obligations were deposited.


                                     - 64 -
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE XIV

                                  MISCELLANEOUS

          SECTION 14.01. Miscellaneous.

          This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
which so executed shall be deemed to be an original,  but all such  counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

          IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to
be duly executed,  and their  respective  corporate seals to be hereunto affixed
and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.


                                          WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION


                                          By:___________________________________
                                          Name:
                                          Title:


Attest:


___________________________________
Name:
Title:

                                          FIRSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
                                          as Trustee


                                          By:___________________________________
                                          Name:
                                          Title:


Attest:


___________________________________
Name:
Title:



                                     - 65 -



                                                                    EXHIBIT 4(c)




- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------






                            WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION

                                                        AS ISSUER

                                       TO


                       ----------------------------------

                                                        AS TRUSTEE








                             ----------------------


                                    INDENTURE



                          SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES

                           DATED AS OF ______________


                             ----------------------



- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------



<PAGE>
                                TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                          PAGE


RECITALS OF THE COMPANY......................................................1

ARTICLE IDEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION.............2
   SECTION 1.01.     Definitions.............................................2
      (a)      "ACT,"........................................................2
      (b)      "AFFILIATE"...................................................2
      (c)      "AUTHENTICATING AGENT"........................................2
      (d)      "BANKRUPTCY LAW"..............................................2
      (e)      "BOARD OF DIRECTORS"..........................................3
      (f)      "BOARD RESOLUTION"............................................3
      (g)      "BUSINESS DAY,"...............................................3
      (h)      "COMMISSION"..................................................3
      (i)      "COMPANY".....................................................3
      (j)      "COMPANY REQUEST"or "COMPANY ORDER"...........................3
      (k)      "CORPORATE TRUST OFFICE"......................................3
      (l)      "COVENANT DEFEASANCE".........................................4
      (m)      "CUSTODIAN"...................................................4
      (n)      "DEBT"........................................................4
      (o)      "DEFAULT".....................................................4
      (p)      "DEFAULTED INTEREST"..........................................4
      (q)      "DEFEASANCE"..................................................4
      (r)      "DEPOSITARY"..................................................4
      (s)      "DOLLARS"and "$"..............................................4
      (t)      "EVENT OF DEFAULT"............................................4
      (u)      "EXCHANGE ACT"................................................4
      (v)      "GAAP"........................................................5
      (w)      "GLOBAL SECURITY".............................................5
      (x)      "HOLDER"or "SECURITY HOLDER"..................................5
      (y)      "INDENTURE"...................................................5
      (z)      "INTEREST,"...................................................5
      (aa)     "INTEREST PAYMENT DATE,"......................................5
      (bb)     "MATURITY,"...................................................5
      (cc)     "OFFICER".....................................................5
      (dd)     "OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE".......................................6
      (ee)     "OPINION OF COUNSEL"..........................................6
      (ff)     "ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY"............................6
      (gg)     "OUTSTANDING,"................................................6

                                      -i-
<PAGE>

      (hh)     "PAYING AGENT"................................................7
      (ii)     "PERSON"......................................................7
      (jj)     "PLACE OF PAYMENT,"...........................................7
      (kk)     "PREDECESSOR SECURITIES,".....................................7
      (ll)     "REDEMPTION DATE,"............................................7
      (mm)     "REDEMPTION PRICE,"...........................................7
      (nn)     "REGULAR RECORD DATE".........................................7
      (oo)     "RESPONSIBLE OFFICER,"........................................8
      (pp)     "SECURITIES"..................................................8
      (qq)     "SECURITY REGISTER"and "SECURITY REGISTRAR"...................8
      (rr)     "SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS".........................................8
      (ss)     "SPECIAL RECORD DATE".........................................8
      (tt)     "STATED MATURITY,"............................................8
      (uu)     "SUBSIDIARY"..................................................9
      (vv)     "TRUST INDENTURE ACT".........................................9
      (ww)     "TRUSTEE".....................................................9
      (xx)     "U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS".................................9
      (yy)     "VICE PRESIDENT,"............................................10
   SECTION 1.02.     Compliance Certificates and Opinions...................10
   SECTION 1.03.     Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.................10
   SECTION 1.04.     Acts of Holders........................................11
   SECTION 1.05.     Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company..................12
   SECTION 1.06.     Notice to Holders; Waiver..............................12
   SECTION 1.07.     Conflict with Trust Indenture Act......................13
   SECTION 1.08.     Effect of Headings and Table of Contents...............13
   SECTION 1.09.     Successors and Assigns.................................13
   SECTION 1.10.     Separability Clause....................................13
   SECTION 1.11.     Benefits of Indenture..................................13
   SECTION 1.12.     Governing Law..........................................13
   SECTION 1.13.     Legal Holidays.........................................13
   SECTION 1.14.     No Recourse Against Others.............................14

ARTICLE II SECURITY FORMS ..................................................15
   SECTION 2.01.     Forms Generally........................................15
   SECTION 2.02.     Form of Trustee's Certificate of
                       Authentication.......................................15
   SECTION 2.03.     Securities Issuable in the Form of a
                       Global Security......................................15
   SECTION 2.04.     CUSIP Number...........................................17
   SECTION 2.05.     Payment of Securities..................................18

ARTICLE III THE SECURITIES .................................................19
   SECTION 3.01.     Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series...................19
   SECTION 3.02.     Denominations..........................................21
   SECTION 3.03.     Execution, Authentication, Delivery and
                       Dating...............................................21

                                      -ii-

<PAGE>

   SECTION 3.04.     Temporary Securities...................................23
   SECTION 3.05.     Registration, Registration of Transfer and
                       Exchange.............................................23
   SECTION 3.06.     Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen
                       Securities...........................................24
   SECTION 3.07.     Payment of Interest; Interest Rights
                       Preserved............................................25
   SECTION 3.08.     Persons Deemed Owners..................................26
   SECTION 3.09.     Cancellation...........................................27
   SECTION 3.10.     Computation of Interest................................27

ARTICLE IV SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE.......................................28
   SECTION 4.01.     Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture................28
   SECTION 4.02.     Application of Trust Money.............................29

ARTICLE V REMEDIES .........................................................30
   SECTION 5.01.     Events of Default......................................30
   SECTION 5.02.     Acceleration of Maturity and Rescission................31
   SECTION 5.03.     Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for
                       Enforcement by Trustee...............................32
   SECTION 5.04.     Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.......................32
   SECTION 5.05.     Trustee May Enforce Claims Without
                       Possession of Securities.............................33
   SECTION 5.06.     Application of Money Collected.........................33
   SECTION 5.07.     Limitation on Suits....................................34
   SECTION 5.08.     Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive
                       Principal, Premium and Interest......................35
   SECTION 5.09.     Restoration of Rights and Remedies.....................35
   SECTION 5.10.     Rights and Remedies Cumulative.........................35
   SECTION 5.11.     Delay or Omission Not Waiver...........................35
   SECTION 5.12.     Control by Holders.....................................35
   SECTION 5.13.     Waiver of Past Defaults................................36
   SECTION 5.14.     Undertaking for Costs..................................36
   SECTION 5.15.     Waiver of Stay or Extension............................37

ARTICLE VI THE TRUSTEE .....................................................38
   SECTION 6.01.     Certain Duties and Responsibilities of the
                       Trustee..............................................38
   SECTION 6.02.     Notice of Defaults.....................................38
   SECTION 6.03.     Certain Rights of Trustee..............................38
   SECTION 6.04.     Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance
                       of Securities........................................39
   SECTION 6.05.     May Hold Securities....................................40
   SECTION 6.06.     Money Held in Trust....................................40
   SECTION 6.07.     Compensation and Reimbursement.........................40
   SECTION 6.08.     Disqualification; Conflicting Interests................41
   SECTION 6.09.     Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility................41
   SECTION 6.10.     Resignation and Removal; Appointment of
                       Successor............................................41

                                     -iii-

<PAGE>

   SECTION 6.11.     Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.................43
   SECTION 6.12.     Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or
                       Succession to Business...............................44
   SECTION 6.13.     Preferential Collection of Claims Against
                       Company..............................................44
   SECTION 6.14.     Appointment of Authenticating Agent....................44

ARTICLE VII HOLDERS'LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY................47
   SECTION 7.01.     Company to Furnish Trustee Names and
                       Addresses of Holders.................................47
   SECTION 7.02.     Preservation of Information; Communications
                       to Holders...........................................47
   SECTION 7.03.     Reports by Trustee.....................................48
   SECTION 7.04.     Reports by Company.....................................49

ARTICLE VIII CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, LEASE, SALE OR TRANSFER.................50
   SECTION 8.01.     Then Company May Merge, Etc............................50
   SECTION 8.02.     Opinion of Counsel.....................................50
   SECTION 8.03.     Successor Corporation Substituted......................50

ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES..........................................51
   SECTION 9.01.     Supplemental Indentures Without Consent
                       of Holders...........................................51
   SECTION 9.02.     Supplemental Indentures with Consent of
                       Holders..............................................52
   SECTION 9.03.     Execution of Supplemental Indentures...................53
   SECTION 9.04.     Effect of Supplemental Indentures......................53
   SECTION 9.05.     Conformity with Trust Indenture Act....................53
   SECTION 9.06.     Reference in Securities to Supplemental
                       Indentures...........................................53

ARTICLE X COVENANTS ........................................................54
   SECTION 10.01.    Payments of Principal and Interest.....................54
   SECTION 10.02.    Maintenance of Office or Agency........................54
   SECTION 10.03.    Corporate Existence....................................54
   SECTION 10.04.    Payment of Taxes and Other Claims......................54
   SECTION 10.05.    Maintenance of Properties..............................55
   SECTION 10.06.    Certificates Respecting Defaults.......................55
   SECTION 10.07.    Money for Securities Payments to Be Held
                       in Trust.............................................55

ARTICLE XI REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES.........................................57
   SECTION 11.01.    Applicability of Article...............................57
   SECTION 11.02.    Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee..................57
   SECTION 11.03.    Election by Trustee of Securities to Be
                       Redeemed.............................................57
   SECTION 11.04.    Notice of Redemption...................................58
   SECTION 11.05.    Deposit of Redemption Price............................58
   SECTION 11.06.    Securities Payable on Redemption Date..................59

                                      -iv-

<PAGE>

   SECTION 11.07.    Securities Redeemed in Part............................59

ARTICLE XII SINKING FUNDS ..................................................60
   SECTION 12.01.    Applicability of Article...............................60
   SECTION 12.02.    Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with
                       Securities...........................................60
   SECTION 12.03.    Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund..............60

ARTICLE XIII DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE.............................61
   SECTION 13.01.    Applicability of Article; Company's Option
                       to Effect Defeasance or Covenant
                       Defeasance...........................................61
   SECTION 13.02.    Defeasance and Discharge...............................61
   SECTION 13.03.    Covenant Defeasance....................................61
   SECTION 13.04.    Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant
                        Defeasance..........................................62
   SECTION 13.05.    Deposited Money and Government Obligations
                        To Be Held In Trust.................................63

ARTICLE XIV SUBORDINATION OF DEBT SECURITIES................................65
   SECTION 14.01.    Agreement to Subordinate...............................65
   SECTION 14.02.    Default on Senior Indebtedness.........................65
   SECTION 14.03.    Liquidation; Dissolution; Bankruptcy...................66
   SECTION 14.04.    Subrogation............................................67
   SECTION 14.05.    Trustee to Effectuate Subordination....................68
   SECTION 14.06.    Notice by the Company..................................68
   SECTION 14.07.    Rights of the Trustee; Holders of Senior
                       Indebtedness.........................................69
   SECTION 14.08.    Subordination May Not Be Impaired......................69

ARTICLE XV MISCELLANEOUS ...................................................70
   SECTION 15.01.    Miscellaneous..........................................70


                                      -v-
<PAGE>

                            WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION
           Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939
                     and Indenture, dated as of ___________

Trust Indenture
Act Section                                                   Indenture Section

Section 310 (a) (1)..........................................  6.09
            (a) (2)..........................................  6.09
            (a) (3)..........................................  Not Applicable
            (a) (4)..........................................  Not Applicable
            (a) (5) .........................................  6.09
            (b)..............................................  6.08, 6.10
Section 311 (a)..............................................  6.13
            (b)..............................................  6.13
Section 312 (a)..............................................  7.01(a), 7.02(a)
            (b)..............................................  7.02(b)
            (c)..............................................  7.02(c)
Section 313 (a)..............................................  7.03(a)
            (b)..............................................  7.03(b)
            (c)..............................................  7.03(a), 7.03(b)
            (d)..............................................  7.03(b)
Section 314 (a)..............................................  7.04
            (b)..............................................  Not Applicable
            (c) (1)..........................................  1.02
            (c) (2)..........................................  1.02
            (c) (3)..........................................  Not Applicable
            (d)..............................................  Not Applicable
            (e)..............................................  1.02
Section 315 (a)..............................................  6.01(a)
            (b)..............................................  6.02
            (c)..............................................  6.01(b)
            (d)..............................................  6.01(c)
            (d) (1)..........................................  6.01(a), 6.01(c)
            (d) (2)..........................................  6.01(c)
            (d) (3)..........................................  6.01(c)
            (e)..............................................  5.14
Section 316 (a)(1) (A).......................................  5.12
            (a) (1) (B)......................................  5.02, 5.13
            (a) (2)..........................................  Not Applicable
            (b)..............................................  5.08
Section 317 (a) (1)..........................................  5.03
            (a) (2)..........................................  5.04
            (b)..............................................  10.07
Section 318 (a)..............................................  1.07

- -----------------------
NOTE: This  reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a
part of this Indenture.

                                      -vi-


<PAGE>

         INDENTURE, dated as of ____________, between WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION,
a  corporation  duly  organized  and  existing  under  the laws of the  State of
Wisconsin  (herein  called the  "COMPANY"),  having its principal  office at 700
North Adams Street, Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301 and ____________________________,
a  _____________  organized and existing  under and by virtue of the laws of the
______________, as Trustee (herein called the "TRUSTEE").

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

         The Company has duly  authorized  the  execution  and  delivery of this
Indenture  to  provide  for the  issuance  from  time  to time of its  unsecured
debentures,  notes  or  other  evidences  of  indebtedness  (herein  called  the
"SECURITIES"), to be issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided.

         All things  necessary to make this  Indenture a valid  agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, has been done.

                   NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

         For  and in  consideration  of the  premises  and the  purchase  of the
Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the
equal and  proportionate  benefit of all Holders of the  Securities or of series
thereof, as follows:

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE I

                        DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
                             OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 1.01   Definitions.

         For all  purposes  of this  Indenture,  except as  otherwise  expressly
provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

            (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings  assigned to
      them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

            (2) all other  terms  used  herein  which are  defined  in the Trust
      Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein,  have the meanings
      assigned to them therein;

            (3) all  accounting  terms not  otherwise  defined  herein  have the
      meanings assigned to them in accordance with GAAP;

            (4) the word "INCLUDING" (and with  correlative  meaning  "INCLUDE")
      means  including,  without  limiting the  generality  of, any  description
      preceding such term; and

            (5) the words "HEREIN,"  "HEREOF" and "HEREUNDER" and other words of
      similar  import  refer  to  this  Indenture  as a  whole  and  not  to any
      particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

         Certain terms,  used  principally in Article Seven, are defined in that
Article.

         (a)  "ACT,"  when used with  respect  to any  Holder,  has the  meaning
specified in Section 1.04.

         (b) "AFFILIATE" of any specified Person means any other Person directly
or indirectly  controlling  or controlled by or under direct or indirect  common
control  with  such  specified  Person.  For the  purposes  of this  definition,
"control"  when used with  respect to any  specified  Person  means the power to
direct the  management  and  policies of such  Person,  directly or  indirectly,
whether  through the ownership of voting  securities,  by contract or otherwise;
and the terms  "controlling" and "controlled"  have meanings  correlative to the
foregoing.

         (c)  "AUTHENTICATING  AGENT" means any Person authorized by the Trustee
to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities.

         (d)  "BANKRUPTCY  LAW" means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal
or state law for the relief of debtors.

                                      -2-

<PAGE>

         (e) "BOARD OF  DIRECTORS"  means the board of directors of the Company;
provided, however, that when the context refers to actions or resolutions of the
Board of Directors,  then the term "Board of Directors" shall also mean any duly
authorized  committee  of the  Board of  Directors  of the  Company  or  Officer
authorized to act with respect to any particular matter to exercise the power of
the Board of Directors of the Company.

         (f) "BOARD  RESOLUTION"  means a copy of a resolution  certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant  Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of  Directors  and to be in full  force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

         (g)  "BUSINESS  DAY," when used with  respect to any Place of  Payment,
means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on
which banking  institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated
by law or regulation to close.

         (h) "COMMISSION" means the Securities and Exchange Commission,  as from
time to time  constituted,  created  under the Exchange  Act, or, if at any time
after the  execution  of this  instrument  such  Commission  is not existing and
performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the
body performing such duties at such time.

         (i)  "COMPANY"  means the Person  named as the  "Company"  in the first
paragraph of this Indenture until a successor corporation shall have become such
pursuant  to  the  applicable  provisions  of  this  Indenture,  and  thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor corporation.

         (j) "COMPANY  REQUEST" or "COMPANY  ORDER"  means a written  request or
order  signed in the name of the  Company  by its  Chairman  of the  Board,  its
President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its
Controller,  an Assistant  Controller,  its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary,
and delivered to the Trustee.

         (k) "CORPORATE  TRUST OFFICE" means the principal office of the Trustee
at which at any time its corporate trust business shall be  administered,  which
office   at  the  date   hereof   is   located   at   __________________________
_______________________________,  or  such  other  address  as the  Trustee  may
designate  from time to time by notice to the  Holders and the  Company,  or the
principal corporate trust office of any successor Trustee (or such other address
as a successor  Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders
and the Company).

         (l) "COVENANT DEFEASANCE" has the meaning specified in Section 13.03.

         (m)  "CUSTODIAN"  means any receiver,  trustee,  assignee,  liquidator,
sequestrator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

         (n) "DEBT" means any outstanding  debt for money borrowed  evidenced by
notes, debentures, bonds or other securities or guarantees of any thereof.

         (o)  "DEFAULT"  means any event which is, or after notice or passage of
time or both would be, an Event of Default.

         (p) "DEFAULTED INTEREST" has the meaning specified in Section 3.07.

         (q) "DEFEASANCE" has the meaning specified in Section 13.02.

         (r) "DEPOSITARY"  shall mean,  unless otherwise  specified  pursuant to
Section 3.01 hereof,  The Depository  Trust Company,  New York, New York, or any
successor  thereto  registered  or  qualified  as a  clearing  agency  under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or other applicable statute or regulation.

         (s)  "DOLLARS"  and "$"  means  lawful  money of the  United  States of
America.

         (t) "EVENT OF DEFAULT" has the meaning specified in Section 5.01.

         (u) "EXCHANGE  ACT" means the  Securities  and Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

         (v) "GAAP" shall mean generally accepted  accounting  principles in the
United  States of  America as in effect on the date  hereof,  applied on a basis
consistent  with  those  used in the  preparation  of any  financial  statements
referred to herein, unless otherwise stated herein.

         (w) "GLOBAL SECURITY" shall mean a Security that,  pursuant to Sections
3.01 and 3.03 hereof, is issued to evidence Securities, that is delivered to the
Depositary or pursuant to the  instructions  of the Depositary and that shall be
registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.

         (x)  "HOLDER"  or  "SECURITY  HOLDER"  means a Person  in whose  name a
Security is registered in the Security Register.

         (y) "INDENTURE"  means this instrument as originally  executed or as it
may from  time to time be  supplemented  or  amended  by one or more  indentures
supplemental  hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable  provisions  hereof
and shall include the terms of particular  series of Securities  established  as
contemplated by Section 3.01.

         (z)  "INTEREST,"  when used with respect to an Original  Issue Discount
Security which by its terms bears interest only after  Maturity,  means interest
payable after Maturity.

         (aa)  "INTEREST  PAYMENT DATE," when used with respect to any Security,
means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

                                      -4-

<PAGE>

         (bb) "MATURITY," when used with respect to any Security, means the date
on which the principal of such Security or an installment  of principal  becomes
due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or
by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

         (cc) "OFFICER" means the Chairman of the Board,  the  Vice-Chairman  of
the Board,  the President,  any Vice  President,  the  Treasurer,  any Assistant
Treasurer,  the  Controller,  the  Secretary or any  Assistant  Secretary of the
Company.

         (dd) "OFFICER'S  CERTIFICATE"  means a certificate signed by an Officer
and delivered to the Trustee.

         (ee) "OPINION OF COUNSEL" means a written  opinion of counsel,  who may
be an  employee  of or  counsel  for the  Company,  and who shall be  reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee.

         (ff)  "ORIGINAL  ISSUE  DISCOUNT  SECURITY"  means any Security,  which
provides  for an amount  less than the  principal  amount  thereof to be due and
payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity  thereof  pursuant to
Section 5.02.

         (gg)  "OUTSTANDING," when used with respect to Securities or Securities
of any  series,  means,  as of the date of  determination,  all such  Securities
theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:

                  (i)  Securities   theretofore  cancelled  by  the  Trustee  or
         delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

                  (ii)  Securities,  or portions  thereof,  for whose payment or
         redemption money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited
         with the Trustee or any Paying  Agent (other than the Company) in trust
         or set aside and  segregated  in trust by the  Company  (if the Company
         shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such  Securities;
         provided that, if such  Securities  are to be redeemed,  notice of such
         redemption  has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision
         therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;

                  (iii) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.06
         or in  exchange  for or in lieu of which  other  Securities  have  been
         authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture,  other than any
         such  Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to
         the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a
         bona  fide   purchaser  in  whose  hands  such   Securities  are  valid
         obligations of the Company; and

                  (iv) Securities  which have been defeased  pursuant to Section
         13.02;

provided,  however,  that in  determining  whether the Holders of the  requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding  Securities have given any request,  demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, (a) the principal
amount  of an  Original  Issue  Discount  Security

                                      -5-
<PAGE>

that shall be deemed to be  Outstanding  for such purposes shall be that portion
of the  principal  amount  thereof  that could be declared to be due and payable
upon the occurrence of an Event of Default and the continuation thereof pursuant
to the terms of such  Original  Issue  Discount  Security as of the date of such
determination  and (b) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon
the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be
disregarded  and deemed  not to be  Outstanding,  except  that,  in  determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand,
authorization,  direction,  notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the
Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded.  Securities so owned which
have been  pledged in good faith may be  regarded as  Outstanding  if the pledge
establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledge's right so to act with
respect to such  Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other
obligor  upon the  Securities  or any  Affiliate of the Company or of such other
obligor.

         (hh) "PAYING  AGENT" means any Person  authorized by the Company to pay
the principal of (and premium,  if any) or interest on any  Securities on behalf
of the  Company.  The  Company  may act as  Paying  Agent  with  respect  to any
Securities issued hereunder.

         (ii) "PERSON" means any  individual,  corporation,  partnership,  joint
venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

         (jj) "PLACE OF PAYMENT,"  when used with respect to the  Securities  of
any series,  means the place or places where the principal of (and  premium,  if
any) and interest on the  Securities  of that series are payable as specified as
contemplated by Section 3.01.

         (kk) "PREDECESSOR  SECURITIES," of any particular  security means every
previous  Security  evidencing  all or any  portion  of the  same  debt  as that
evidenced by such particular Security; and, for purposes of this definition, any
Securities  authenticated and delivered under Section 3.06 in lieu of destroyed,
lost,  or stolen  Securities  shall be deemed to  evidence  the same debt as the
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

         (ll)  "REDEMPTION  DATE," when used with respect to any Security of any
series to be redeemed,  means the date fixed for such  redemption by or pursuant
to this Indenture.

         (mm) "REDEMPTION  PRICE," when used with respect to any Security of any
series to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to
this Indenture.

         (nn)  "REGULAR  RECORD DATE" for the  interest  payable on any Interest
Payment Date on the  Securities of any series means the date  specified for that
purpose as contemplated by Section 3.01.

         (oo)  "RESPONSIBLE  OFFICER,"  when used with  respect to the  Trustee,
means any vice  president,  any assistant vice  president,  the  secretary,  any
assistant secretary,  the treasurer,  any assistant treasurer,  the cashier, any
assistant  cashier,  any senior trust



                                      -6-
<PAGE>

officer,  any trust officer or assistant  trust  officer,  the controller or any
assistant controller or any other officer of the Trustee customarily  performing
functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and
also means,  with  respect to a particular  corporate  trust  matter,  any other
officer  to whom  such  matter  is  referred  because  of his  knowledge  of and
familiarity with the particular subject.

         (pp)  "SECURITIES"  has the meaning stated in the first recital of this
Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.

         (qq) "SECURITY  REGISTER" and "SECURITY  REGISTRAR" have the respective
meanings specified in Section 3.05.

         (rr) "SENIOR  INDEBTEDNESS" means, with respect to the Company, (i) the
principal,  premium,  if any, and interest in respect of (A) indebtedness of the
Company  for  money  borrowed  and (B)  indebtedness  evidenced  by  securities,
debentures,  bonds or other similar instruments issued by the Company;  (ii) all
capital lease  obligations of the Company;  (iii) all obligations of the Company
issued or assumed as the deferred  purchase price of property,  all  conditional
sale  obligations  of the Company and all  obligations  of the Company under any
title retention  agreement (but excluding trade accounts  payable arising in the
ordinary  course of  business);  (iv) all  obligations  of the  Company  for the
reimbursement on any letter of credit,  banker's  acceptance,  security purchase
facility or similar credit transaction; (v) all obligations of the type referred
to in clauses  (i)  through  (iv) of other  Persons for the payment of which the
Company is  responsible or liable as obligor,  guarantor or otherwise;  and (vi)
all  obligations  of the type  referred  to in clauses  (i) through (v) of other
Persons secured by any lien on any property or asset of the Company  (whether or
not such obligation is assumed by the Company);  except in each case for (1) any
such  indebtedness  that is by its terms  subordinated to or pari passu with the
Securities, as the case may be, and (2) any indebtedness from the Company to any
Affiliate of the Company.

         (ss) "SPECIAL  RECORD DATE" for the payment of any  Defaulted  Interest
means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.07.

         (tt) "STATED  MATURITY,"  when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest  thereon,  means the date specified
in such  Security as the fixed date on which the  principal of such  Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

         (uu)  "SUBSIDIARY"  of a Person means (i) any corporation of which more
than 50% of the outstanding securities having ordinary voting power shall at the
time be owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or
more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its  Subsidiaries,
or  (ii)  any  partnership,  association,  joint  venture  or  similar  business
organization of which more than 50% of the ownership  interests  having ordinary
voting  power  shall at the time be so owned  or  controlled.  Unless  otherwise
expressly  provided,  all  references  herein  to a  "Subsidiary"  shall  mean a
Subsidiary of the Company.



                                      -7-
<PAGE>

         (vv) "TRUST  INDENTURE  ACT" means the Trust  Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended,  as in  force  at the date as of which  this  Indenture  was  executed;
provided,  however,  that in the event that such Act is amended after such date,
"TRUST INDENTURE ACT" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

         (ww)  "TRUSTEE"  means the Person  named as the  "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this  instrument  until a successor  Trustee shall have become such
pursuant  to  the  applicable  provisions  of  this  Indenture,  and  thereafter
"Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and
if at any time  there  is more  than one such  Person,  "Trustee"  as used  with
respect to the  Securities  of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to
Securities of that series.

         (xx)  "U.S.  GOVERNMENT  OBLIGATIONS"  means  securities  which are (i)
direct  obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its
full faith and credit is pledged or (ii)  obligations of a Person  controlled or
supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of
America the timely  payment of which is  unconditionally  guaranteed by the full
faith and credit of the United States of America which,  in either case, are not
callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof or otherwise  subject
to prepayment,  and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a New York
Clearing  House bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S.
Government  Obligation or a specific  payment or interest on or principal of any
such U.S.  Government  Obligation  held by such custodian for the account of the
holder of a depository  receipt,  provided that (except as required by law) such
custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the
holder of such  depository  receipt or from any amount held by the  custodian in
respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on
or  principal of the U.S.  Government  Obligation  evidenced by such  depository
receipt.

         (yy) "VICE  PRESIDENT,"  when used with  respect to the  Company or the
Trustee,  means any vice  president,  whether or not designated by a number or a
word or words added before or after the title "vice president".

         SECTION 1.02. Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

         Upon any  application  or request by the Company to the Trustee to take
any action under any provision of this Indenture, other than as action permitted
by Sections 2.03 and 7.04, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer's
Certificate stating that all conditions precedent,  if any, provided for in this
Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion
of Counsel  stating  that in the  opinion of such  counsel  all such  conditions
precedent,  if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such
application  or  request  as to  which  the  furnishing  of  such  documents  is
specifically  required  by any  provision  of this  Indenture  relating  to such
particular  application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be
furnished.

         Every  certificate  or  opinion  with  respect  to  compliance  with  a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:



                                      -8-
<PAGE>

         (a) a  statement  that each  individual  signing  such  certificate  or
opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions  herein relating
thereto;

         (b) a brief  statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or
investigation   upon  which  the  statements  or  opinions   contained  in  such
certificate or opinion are based;

         (c) a statement  that, in the opinion of each such  individual,  he has
made such  examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express
an informed  opinion as to whether or not such  covenant or  condition  has been
complied with; and

         (d) a statement as to whether,  in the opinion or each such individual,
such condition or covenant has been complied with.

         SECTION 1.03. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.

         In any case where  several  matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by a opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such
matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person,  or
that they be so certified or covered by only one  document,  but one such Person
may  certify or give an opinion  with  respect to some  matters  and one or more
other such Persons as to other matters,  and any such Person may certify or give
an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

         Any  certificate  or opinion of an Officer may be based,  insofar as it
relates to legal matters,  upon a certificate or opinion of, or  representations
by,  counsel,  unless such Officer knows,  or in the exercise of reasonable care
should know, that the certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as
it  relates  to  factual   matters,   upon  a  certificate  or  opinion  of,  or
representations  by, an Officer or  Officers  of the  Company  stating  that the
information  with respect to such factual  matters is in the  possession  of the
Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should
know,  that the certificate or opinion or  representations  with respect to such
matters are erroneous.

         Where any  Person is  required  to make,  give or  execute  two or more
applications,  requests, consents,  certificates,  statements, opinions or other
instruments  under this Indenture,  they may, but need not, be consolidated  and
form one instrument.

         SECTION 1.04. Acts of Holders.

         (a) Any request,  demand,  authorization,  direction,  notice, consent,
waiver  or  other  action  provided  by this  Indenture  to be given or taken by
Holders  may  be  embodied  in and  evidenced  by one  or  more  instruments  of
substantially  similar  tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agents duly
appointed in writing;  and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided,  such
action shall become  effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered
to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required,  to the Company. Such
instrument  or  instruments  (and the  action  embodied  therein  and  evidenced
thereby) are herein  sometimes  referred to as the "ACT" of the Holders  signing
such instrument or instruments.  Proof of execution of any such instrument or of
a writing  appointing any such agent shall be


                                      -9-
<PAGE>

sufficient  for any purpose of this  Indenture  and  (subject  to Section  5.01)
conclusive  in favor  of the  Trustee  and the  Company,  if made in the  manner
provided in this Section.

         (b) The  fact  and  date of the  execution  by any  Person  of any such
instrument  or  writing  may be proved  by the  affidavit  of a witness  of such
execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer  authorized by
law to take  acknowledgments  of deeds,  certifying that the individual  signing
such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such
execution  is by a  signer  acting  in a  capacity  other  than  his  individual
capacity,  such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute  sufficient proof
of his authority.  The fact and date of the execution of any such  instrument or
writing,  or the authority of the Person  executing the same, may also be proved
in any other manner, which the Trustee deems sufficient.

         (c) The  ownership  of  Registered  Securities  shall be  proved by the
Security Register.

         (d) Any request,  demand,  authorization,  direction,  notice, consent,
waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder
of the  same  Security  and  the  Holder  of  every  Security  issued  upon  the
registration of transfer  thereof or in exchange  therefor or in lieu thereof in
respect of anything  done,  omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the
Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon
such Security.

         (e) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders any request,  demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may,
at its option,  by or pursuant  to a Board  Resolution,  fix in advance a record
date for the  determination  of Holders  entitled to give such request,  demand,
authorization,  direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company
shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request,
demand,  authorization,  direction,  notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be
given  before or after such record  date,  but only the Holders of record at the
close of  business  on such  record  date shall be deemed to be Holders  for the
purposes  of  determining  whether  Holders  of  the  requisite   proportion  of
Outstanding  Securities  have authorized or agreed or consented to such request,
demand, authorization,  direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for
that  purpose  the  Outstanding  Securities  shall be computed as of such record
date; provided that no such  authorization,  agreement or consent by the Holders
on such record date shall be deemed  effective  unless it shall become effective
pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the
record date.

         SECTION 1.05. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company.

         Any request, demand, authorization,  direction, notice, consent, waiver
or Act of Holders or other  document  provided or permitted by this Indenture to
be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

                  (i) the  Trustee  by any  Holder  or by the  Company  shall be
         sufficient  for every purpose  hereunder if made,  given,  furnished or
         filed in writing to or with the


                                      -10-
<PAGE>

         Trustee  and  received by the Trustee at its  Corporate  Trust  Office,
         Attention: Corporate Trust Department or

                  (ii) the  Company by the  Trustee  or by any  Holder  shall be
         sufficient  for  every  purpose   hereunder  (unless  otherwise  herein
         expressly  provided)  if in writing  and  mailed,  first-class  postage
         prepaid, to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal
         office  specified in the first paragraph of this Indenture,  attention:
         Secretary,  or at any other address previously  furnished in writing to
         the Trustee by the Company.

         SECTION 1.06. Notice to Holders; Waiver.

         Where this Indenture or any Security  provides for notice to Holders of
any event,  such notice shall be deemed  sufficiently  given  (unless  otherwise
herein  or in such  Security  expressly  provided)  if in  writing  and  mailed,
first-class  postage  prepaid,  to each Holder  affected  by such event,  at his
address as it appears in the Security Register,  not later than the latest date,
and not  earlier  than the  earliest  date,  prescribed  for the  giving of such
notice.  In any case  where  notice to  Holders  is given by mail,  neither  the
failure to mail such  notice,  nor any  defect in any  notice so mailed,  to any
particular  Holder shall affect the  sufficiency  of such notice with respect to
other Holders or the validity of the  proceedings to which such notice  relates.
Where this  Indenture  or any Security  provides for notice in any manner,  such
notice may be waived in writing by the Person  entitled to receive  such notice,
either  before or after the event,  and such waiver shall be the  equivalent  of
such notice.  Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee,  but
such filing  shall not be a condition  precedent  to the  validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such waiver.

         In case by reason of the  suspension  of  regular  mail  service  or by
reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail,
then such  notification  as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

         Any  request,  demand,  authorization,  direction,  notice,  consent or
waiver  required  or  permitted  under this  Indenture  shall be in the  English
language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the
country of publication.

         SECTION 1.07. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.

         If any provision  hereof  limits,  qualifies or conflicts  with another
provision  hereof  which is required to be included in this  Indenture by any of
the  provisions  of the Trust  Indenture  Act,  such  required  provision  shall
control.  If any provision of this Indenture  modifies or excludes any provision
of the Trust  Indenture  Act that may be so  modified  or  excluded,  the latter
provision  shall be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or shall be
excluded, as the case may be.

         SECTION 1.08. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.

         The Article and Section  headings  herein and the Table of Contents are
for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.



                                      -11-
<PAGE>

         SECTION 1.09. Successors and Assigns.

         All  covenants and  agreements  in this  Indenture by the Company shall
bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

         SECTION 1.10. Separability Clause.

         In case any provision in this Indenture or in the  Securities  shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable,  the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

         SECTION 1.11. Benefits of Indenture.

         Nothing in this  Indenture  or in the  Securities,  express or implied,
shall give to any  Person,  other than the parties  hereto and their  successors
hereunder and the Holders,  any benefit or any legal or equitable right,  remedy
or claim under this Indenture.

         SECTION 1.12. Governing Law.

         This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed in
accordance  with the laws (other than the choice of law provisions) of the State
of Wisconsin.

         SECTION 1.13. Legal Holidays.

         In any case where any Interest Payment Date,  Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any  Security  shall not be a Business  Day at any Place of Payment,
then   (notwithstanding  any  other  provision  of  this  Indenture  or  of  the
Securities)  payment of interest or principal (and premium,  if any) need not be
made  at  such  Place  of  Payment  on such  date,  but may be made on the  next
succeeding  Business Day or on such other day as may be set out in the Officer's
Certificate  pursuant  to Section  3.01 at such  Place of Payment  with the same
force and effect as if made on the Interest  Payment Date or Redemption Date, or
at the Stated  Maturity,  provided that no interest  shall accrue for the period
from and after such Interest  Payment Date,  Redemption Date or Stated Maturity,
as the case may be.

         SECTION 1.14. No Recourse Against Others.

         A director,  officer, employee or stockholder,  as such, of the Company
shall  not have any  liability  for any  obligations  of the  Company  under the
Securities  or this  Indenture  or for any claim  based on, in  respect of or by
reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Securityholder,  by accepting
a Security,  waives and, releases all such liability.  Such waivers and releases
are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Securities.


                                      -12-
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE II

                                 SECURITY FORMS


         SECTION 2.01. Forms Generally.

         The  Securities of each series shall be in  substantially  such form as
shall be  established  by or  pursuant to a Board  Resolution  or in one or more
indentures  supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate  insertions,
omissions,  substitutions  and other  variations as are required or permitted by
this  Indenture,   and  may  have  such  letters,  numbers  or  other  marks  of
identification  and  such  legends  or  endorsements  placed  thereon  as may be
required  to  comply  with  the  rules  of any  securities  exchange  or as may,
consistently  herewith, be determined by the Officers executing such Securities,
as evidenced by their execution of the Securities.  If the form of Securities of
any series is established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy
of an  appropriate  record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or
an Assistant  Secretary of the Company and  delivered to the Trustee at or prior
to the  delivery  of the  Company  Order  contemplated  by Section  3.03 for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities.

         The Trustee's  certificates of authentication shall be in substantially
the form set forth in this Article.

         The definitive Securities shall be photocopied,  printed,  lithographed
or engraved on steel  engraved  borders or may be produced in any other  manner,
all as determined by the Officers  executing  such  Securities,  as evidenced by
their execution of such Securities.

         SECTION 2.02. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.

Dated:  _______________

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.


                                        ----------------------------------------
                                                                     As Trustee


                                      By
                                        ----------------------------------------
                                                            Authorized Signatory


         SECTION 2.03. Securities Issuable in the Form of a Global Security.

         (a) If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 3.01 hereof that
the  Securities  of a particular  series are to be issued in whole or in part in
the form of one or more


                                      -13-
<PAGE>

Global  Securities,  then the Company  shall execute and the Trustee  shall,  in
accordance  with  Section  3.03 hereof and the Company  Order  delivered  to the
Trustee hereunder,  authenticate and deliver such Global Security or Securities,
which (i)  represent,  shall be  denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate
principal  amount  of,  and  shall  have  the same  terms  as,  the  outstanding
Securities  of  such  series  to be  represented  by  such  Global  Security  or
Securities,  (ii)  shall  be  registered  in the name of the  Depositary  or its
nominee,  (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the  Depositary or pursuant
to the  Depositary's  instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend  substantially to
the following effect: "This Security is a Global Security registered in the name
of the  Depositary  (referred to herein) or a nominee  thereof  and,  unless and
until  it is  exchanged  in  whole  or in  part  for the  individual  Securities
represented  hereby,  this Global  Security may not be  transferred  except as a
whole by the  Depositary  to a nominee of the  Depositary or by a nominee of the
Depositary  to the  Depositary  or another  nominee of the  Depositary or by the
Depositary  or any such nominee to a successor  Depositary  or a nominee of such
successor Depositary.  Unless this Global Security is presented by an authorized
representative  of The Depository Trust Company (55 Water Street,  New York, New
York), to the Trustee for registration of transfer, exchange or payment, and any
certificate issued is registered in the name of Cede & Co. or such other name as
requested by an authorized  representative  of The Depository  Trust Company and
any payment is made to Cede & Co., any transfer,  pledge or other use hereof for
value or otherwise by or to any person is wrongful  since the  registered  owner
hereof,  Cede & Co.,  has an  interest  herein" or such  other  legend as may be
required by the rules and regulations of the Depositary.

         (b)  Notwithstanding  any other  provision of Section 3.05 hereof or of
this Section 2.03,  unless the terms of a Global Security  expressly permit such
Global Security to be exchanged in whole or in part for individual Securities, a
Global Security may be transferred,  in whole but not in part, only as described
in the legend thereto.

         (c) (i) If at any time the  Depositary for a Global  Security  notifies
the Company that it is unwilling  or unable to continue as  Depositary  for such
Global  Security or if at any time the Depositary for the Global  Security shall
no longer be  eligible  or in good  standing  under  the  Exchange  Act or other
applicable  statute  or  regulation,  the  Company  shall  appoint  a  successor
Depositary with respect to such Global Security.  If a successor  Depositary for
such Global  Security is not  appointed by the Company  within 90 days after the
Company  receives  such  notice  or  becomes  aware of such  ineligibility,  the
Company's  election  pursuant  to  Section  3.01(3)  hereof  shall no  longer be
effective  with  respect to the series of  Securities  evidenced  by such Global
Security  and the Company  shall  execute,  and the  Trustee,  upon receipt of a
Company Order for the  authentication  and delivery of individual  Securities of
such  series in  exchange  for such  Global  Security,  shall  authenticate  and
deliver,  individual  Securities  of such  series  of like  tenor  and  terms in
definitive form in an aggregate  principal  amount equal to the principal amount
of the Global Security in exchange for such Global  Security.  The Trustee shall
not be charged  with  knowledge or notice of the  ineligibility  of a Depositary
unless a responsible  officer  assigned to and working in its corporate  trustee
administration department shall have actual knowledge thereof.

         (ii) The Company may at any time and in its sole  discretion  determine
that all  Outstanding  (but not less than all)  Securities of a series issued or
issuable  in the  form of


                                      -14-
<PAGE>

one or more  Global  Securities  shall no longer be  represented  by such Global
Security  or  Securities.  In such  event the  Company  shall  execute,  and the
Trustee,  upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of
individual  Securities in exchange for such Global Security,  shall authenticate
and deliver individual  Securities of like tenor and terms in definitive form in
an  aggregate  principal  amount  equal to the  principal  amount of such Global
Security or Securities in exchange for such Global Security or Securities.

         (iii)  In any  exchange  provided  for in  any  of  the  preceding  two
paragraphs,  the Company  will  execute and the Trustee  will  authenticate  and
deliver  individual  Securities  in  definitive  registered  form in  authorized
denominations. Upon the exchange of a Global Security for individual Securities,
such Global  Security  shall be cancelled by the Trustee.  Securities  issued in
exchange for a Global  Security  pursuant to this Section shall be registered in
such  names and in such  authorized  denominations  as the  Depositary  for such
Global  Security,   pursuant  to  instructions   from  its  direct  or  indirect
participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver
such  Securities  to the  Depositary  for delivery to the persons in whose names
such  Securities  are so  registered,  or if the  Depositary  shall refuse or be
unable to deliver such Securities,  the Trustee shall deliver such Securities to
the persons in whose names such  Securities  are  registered,  unless  otherwise
agreed upon  between the  Trustee  and the  Company,  in which event the Company
shall cause the  Securities  to be  delivered to the persons in whose names such
Securities are registered.

         (d) Neither the Company,  the Trustee, any Authenticating Agent nor any
paying agent shall have any  responsibility  or liability  for any aspect of the
records  relating  to, or  payments  made on account  of,  beneficial  ownership
interests of a Global Security or for maintaining,  supervising or reviewing any
records relating to such beneficial ownership interest.

         (e) Pursuant to the provisions of this subsection, at the option of the
Trustee and upon 30 days' written  notice to the Depositary but not prior to the
first  Interest  Payment Date of the  respective  Global  Securities of the same
series,  the  Depositary  shall be required to surrender  any two or more Global
Securities of the same series which have  identical  terms,  including,  without
limitation,  identical  maturities,  interest rates and redemption provisions to
the Trustee,  and the Company shall  execute and the Trustee shall  authenticate
and deliver to, or at the direction of, the Depositary a Global  Security of the
same series in principal amount equal to the aggregate  principal amount of, and
with all terms  identical to, the Global  Securities  surrendered  thereto.  The
exchange  contemplated in this subsection  shall be consummated at least 30 days
prior to any Interest  Payment date  applicable to any of the Global  Securities
surrendered to the Trustee.  Upon any exchange of any Global  Security,  whether
pursuant to this  Section or pursuant to Section 3.05 or Section  11.07  hereof,
the aggregate  principal  amount of the Securities or a series shall be the same
before  and after  such  exchange,  after  giving  effect to any  retirement  of
Securities of such series.

         SECTION 2.04. CUSIP Number.

         The  Company  in  issuing  Securities  of any  series may use a "CUSIP"
number,  and,  if so,  the  Trustee  may use the  CUSIP  number  in  notices  of
redemption  or exchange as a



                                      -15-
<PAGE>

convenience to Holders of such series;  provided, that any such notice may state
that no  representation  is made as to the  correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP
number  printed  on the notice or on the  Securities  of such  series,  and that
reliance may be placed only on the other  identification  numbers printed on the
Securities,  and any such  redemption  shall not be affected by any defect in or
omission of such numbers.  The Company will  promptly  notify the Trustee of any
change in the CUSIP number of any series of Securities.

         SECTION 2.05. Payment of Securities.

         Payment of the principal,  interest and premium on all Securities shall
be payable as follows:

         (a) On or before 9:30 a.m.,  New York City time,  or such other time as
shall be agreed upon  between the Trustee and the  Company,  of the day on which
payment  of  principal,  interest  and  premium  is due on any  Global  Security
pursuant to the terms  thereof,  the Company  shall deliver to the Trustee funds
available on such date  sufficient  to make such  payment,  by wire  transfer of
immediately available funds or by instructing the Trustee to withdraw sufficient
funds from an account  maintained  by the Company with the Trustee or such other
method as is acceptable to the Trustee.  On or before 10:00 a.m.,  New York City
time,  or such other time as shall be agreed  upon  between  the Trustee and the
Depositary,  of the day on which any  payment of  interest  is due on any Global
Security (other than at maturity),  the Trustee shall pay to the Depositary such
interest in same day funds.  On or before 10:00 a.m., New York City time or such
other time as shall be agreed upon  between the Trustee and the  Depositary,  of
the day on which principal, interest payable at maturity and premium, if any, is
due on any Global  Security,  the Trustee shall deposit with the  Depositary the
amount equal to the principal, interest payable at maturity and premium, if any,
by wire transfer into the account specified by the Depositary. As a condition to
the payment,  at maturity or upon  redemption,  of any part of the  principal or
interest on and applicable premium of any Global Security,  the Depositary shall
surrender,  or cause to be  surrendered,  such Global  Security to the  Trustee,
whereupon a new Global  Security shall be issued to the  Depositary  pursuant to
Section 3.05 hereof.

         (b)  With  respect  to any  Security  that  is not a  Global  Security,
principal,  applicable  premium and interest due at the maturity of the Security
shall be payable in immediately  available funds when due upon  presentation and
surrender of such  Security at the  corporate  trust office of the Trustee or at
the authorized office of any paying agent.  Interest on any Security that is not
a Global  Security  (other than interest  payable at maturity)  shall be paid by
check mailed to the Holder thereof at such Holder's address as it appears on the
register by check payable in clearinghouse  funds;  provided that if the Trustee
receives  a  written  request  from any  Holder  of  Securities,  the  aggregate
principal  amount of which  having  the same  Interest  Payment  Date  equals or
exceeds  $10,000,000,  on or before the applicable  Regular Record Date for such
Interest  Payment Date,  interest  shall be paid by wire transfer of immediately
available  funds to a bank within the  continental  United States  designated by
such Holder in its request or by direct  deposit into the account of such Holder
designated by such Holder in its request if such account is maintained  with the
Trustee or any paying agent.



                                      -16-
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE III

                                 THE SECURITIES

         SECTION 3.01. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.

         The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

         The  Securities  may be issued from time to time in one or more series.
There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board  Resolution,  and set forth
in  an  Officer's  Certificate,   or  established  in  one  or  more  indentures
supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series:

                  (1) the title of the  Securities  of the series  (which  shall
         distinguish the Securities of the series from all other Securities);

                  (2) any  limit  upon the  aggregate  principal  amount  of the
         Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under
         this Indenture (except for Securities  authenticated and delivered upon
         registration  of transfer of, or in exchange  for, or in lieu of, other
         Securities of the series pursuant to Sections 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 9.06 or
         11.07);

                  (3) whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable in
         permanent  global form with or without  coupons and, if so, (i) whether
         beneficial  owners of interests in any such permanent  global  Security
         may exchange such  interests for  Securities of such series and of like
         tenor of any authorized  form and  denomination  and the  circumstances
         under which any such  exchanges may occur,  if other than in the manner
         provided in Sections 2.03 and 3.05, and (ii) the name of the Depositary
         with respect to any global Security;

                  (4) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities
         of the series is payable;

                  (5) the rate or rates at which the  Securities  of the  series
         shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest
         shall accrue,  the Interest  Payment Dates on which such interest shall
         be payable and the Regular Record Date for the interest  payable on any
         Interest  Payment Date and, if applicable to such series of Securities,
         the basis points and United States Treasury rate(s) and any other rates
         to be used in calculating the reset rate;

                  (6) the place or places where the  principal of (and  premium,
         if any) and interest on Securities of the series shall be payable;

                  (7) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at
         which and the terms and conditions upon which  Securities of the series
         may be  redeemed,  in whole or in part,  at the option of the  Company,
         pursuant to any sinking fund or otherwise;

                                      -17-
<PAGE>

                  (8) the  obligation,  if any,  of the  Company  to  redeem  or
         purchase  Securities  of the series  pursuant  to any  sinking  fund or
         analogous  provisions  or at the  option  of a Holder  thereof  and the
         period or periods  within  which,  the price or prices at which and the
         terms and  conditions  upon which  Securities  of the  series  shall be
         redeemed  or  purchased,   in  whole  or  in  part,  pursuant  to  such
         obligation,  and,  where  applicable,  the obligation of the Company to
         select the Securities to be redeemed;

                  (9) the  denominations in which Securities of the series shall
         be issuable;

                  (10) if other than the principal  amount thereof,  the portion
         of the  principal  amount of  Securities  of the series  which shall be
         payable  upon  declaration  of  acceleration  of the  Maturity  thereof
         pursuant to Section 5.02;

                  (11)  additional  Events of Default with respect to Securities
         of the series, if any, other than those set forth herein;

                  (12) if either or both of  Section  13.02  and  Section  13.03
         shall be inapplicable to the Securities of the series (provided that if
         no such inapplicability shall be specified, then both Section 13.02 and
         Section 13.03 shall be applicable to the Securities of the series);

                  (13) if other than U.S. dollars, the currency or currencies or
         units based on or related to currencies in which the Securities of such
         series shall be denominated  and in which payments or principal of, and
         any premium and interest on, such Securities shall or may by payable;

                  (14)  additional  covenants  with respect to Securities of the
         series, if any, other than those set forth herein;

                  (15) if other than the Trustee,  the identity of the Registrar
         and any Paying Agent; and

                  (16) any other terms of the series  (which  terms shall not be
         inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

         All  Securities  of any one  series  shall be  substantially  identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant
to such Board  Resolution and set forth in such Officer's  Certificate or in any
such Indenture supplemental hereto.

         If any of the terms of the  series  are  established  by  action  taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution,  a copy of an appropriate  record of such action
shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered  to  the  Trustee  at or  prior  to  the  delivery  of  the  Officer's
Certificate setting forth, or providing the manner for determining, the terms of
the Securities of such series.



                                      -18-
<PAGE>

         SECTION 3.02. Denominations.

         The  Securities  of each series  shall be issuable in  registered  form
without coupons in such  denominations  as shall be specified as contemplated by
Section  3.01.  In the  absence  of any  such  provisions  with  respect  to the
Securities  of any series,  the  Securities  of such series shall be issuable in
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

         SECTION 3.03. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

         The  Securities  shall be  executed  on  behalf of the  Company  by its
Chairman of the Board,  its Vice Chairman of the Board,  its President or one of
its Vice Presidents, under its corporate seal reproduced thereon attested by its
Secretary or one of its  Assistant  Secretaries.  The  signature of any of these
officers on the Securities  may be manual or facsimile.  The seal of the Company
may be in the  form  of a  facsimile  thereof  and  may be  impressed,  affixed,
imprinted or otherwise  reproduced on the  Securities.  Typographical  and other
minor  errors  or  defects  in any  such  reproduction  of the  seal or any such
signature shall not affect the validity or  enforceability  of any Security that
has been duly authenticated and delivered by the Trustee.

         Securities  bearing the manual or facsimile  signatures of  individuals
who were at any time the proper  officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding  that such  individuals  or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the  authentication  and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

         At any time and from time to time after the  execution  and delivery of
this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication  and delivery of such  Securities,  and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and make such Securities available for
delivery.  If the  form or terms  of the  Securities  of the  series  have  been
established  in or pursuant to one or more Board  Resolutions  as  permitted  by
Sections 2.01 and 3.01, in  authenticating  such  Securities,  and accepting the
additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities,
the  Trustee  shall be  entitled to  receive,  and  (subject to Sections  315(a)
through  (d) of the Trust  Indenture  Act) shall be fully  protected  in relying
upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating,

         (a) that the form of such Securities has been established in conformity
with the provisions of this Indenture;

         (b) if the  terms  of  such  Securities  have  been  established  by or
pursuant to Board  Resolution as permitted by Section 3.01, that such terms have
been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

         (c) that such  Securities,  when  authenticated  and  delivered  by the
Trustee and issued by the  Company in the manner and  subject to any  conditions
specified in such Opinion of Counsel,  will constitute valid and legally binding
obligations of the Company,  enforceable in accordance with their terms,  except
to  the  extent   enforceability  may  be  limited  by  applicable   bankruptcy,
insolvency,  reorganization,  moratorium  and other  similar laws


                                      -19-
<PAGE>

affecting the  enforcement of creditors'  rights  generally and by the effect of
general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforceability is considered
in a proceeding in equity or at law);

         (d) that no consent,  approval,  authorization,  order, registration or
qualification  of or with any court or any  governmental  agency or body  having
jurisdiction over the Company is required for the execution and delivery of such
Securities  by the Company,  except such as have been  obtained  (except that no
opinion need be expressed as to state securities or Blue Sky laws).

If such  form or terms  have  been so  established,  the  Trustee  shall  not be
required  to  authenticate  such  Securities  if the  issue  of such  Securities
pursuant to this  Indenture  will  affect the  Trustee's  own rights,  duties or
immunities  under the  Securities  and this  Indenture  or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably  acceptable to the Trustee, or in the written opinion of
counsel to the Trustee  (which  counsel may be an employee of the Trustee)  such
authentication may not lawfully be made or would involve the Trustee in personal
liability.

         Notwithstanding  the provisions of Section 3.01 and of the  immediately
preceding  paragraph,  if all  Securities  of a series are not to be  originally
issued  at one  time,  it  shall  not be  necessary  to  deliver  the  Officer's
Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 3.01 or the Company Order and
Opinion of Counsel  otherwise  required  pursuant to the  immediately  preceding
paragraph  at or prior to the time of  authentication  of each  Security of such
series if such  documents are delivered at or prior to the  authentication  upon
original issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued.

         If the  Company  shall  establish  pursuant  to  Section  3.01 that the
Securities  of a  series  are to be  issued  in the  form of one or more  global
Securities,  then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance
with this section and the Company Order with respect to the  authentication  and
delivery of such series,  authenticate and deliver one or more global Securities
that (i) shall be in an aggregate amount equal to the aggregate principal amount
specified in such Company  Order,  (ii) shall be  registered  in the name of the
Depositary  therefor  or its  nominee,  and (iii)  shall be made  available  for
delivery  by the  Trustee to the  Depositary  or  pursuant  to the  Depositary's
instruction.

         Each depositary  designated  pursuant to Section 3.01 must, at the time
of its designation and at all times while it serves as depositary, be a clearing
agency  registered  under the Exchange Act and any other  applicable  statute or
regulation.

         Unless  otherwise  provided for in the form of Security,  each Security
shall be dated the date of its authentication.

         No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be
valid or  obligatory  for any purpose  unless there  appears on such  Security a
certificate  of  authentication  substantially  in the form  provided for herein
executed  by the  Trustee by manual  signature,  and such  certificate  upon any
Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security
has been duly  authenticated  and  delivered  hereunder  and is  entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.



                                      -20-
<PAGE>

         SECTION 3.04. Temporary Securities.

         Pending the  preparation  of definitive  Securities of any series,  the
Company may execute,  and upon Company Order the Trustee shall  authenticate and
make   available  for  delivery,   temporary   Securities   which  are  printed,
lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized
denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of
which  they  are  issued  and  with  such  appropriate  insertions,   omissions,
substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may
determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

         In the case of Securities of any series, such temporary  Securities may
be in global form,  representing all or a portion of the Outstanding  Securities
of such series.

         Except in the case of temporary  Securities in global form (which shall
be exchanged in accordance  with the provisions of Section  3.05),  if temporary
Securities  of  any  series  are  issued,  the  Company  will  cause  definitive
Securities of that series to be prepared without  unreasonable  delay. After the
preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of
such series shall be exchangeable for definitive  Securities of such series upon
surrender of the temporary  Securities of such series at the office or agency of
the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder.
Upon surrender for  cancellation of any one or more temporary  Securities of any
series,  the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall  authenticate  and make
available  for  delivery  in  exchange  therefor  a  like  principal  amount  of
definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like
tenor. Until so exchanged,  the temporary  Securities of any series shall in all
respects be entitled to the same  benefits  under this  Indenture as  definitive
Securities of such series.

         If temporary  Securities  of any series are issued in global form,  any
such temporary global Security shall,  unless  otherwise  provided  therein,  be
delivered to the office of the Depositary  therefor for credit to the respective
accounts of the beneficial  owners of such Securities (or to such other accounts
as they may direct).

         SECTION 3.05. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

         The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee a register  (the  register  maintained  in such  office and in any other
office or agency of the  Company in a Place of Payment  being  herein  sometimes
collectively  referred to as the "SECURITY  REGISTER") in which, subject to such
reasonable  regulations as it may  prescribe,  the Company shall provide for the
registration of Securities and of  registration of transfers of Securities.  The
Trustee is hereby appointed "SECURITY  REGISTRAR" for the purpose of registering
Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided.

         Upon  surrender  for  registration  of transfer of any  Security of any
series  at the  office or agency of the  Company  in Place of  Payment  for that
series,  the Company shall execute,  and the Trustee shall authenticate and make
available for delivery, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees,
one or more new Securities of the same series,  of any authorized  denominations
and of a like aggregate principal amount and Stated Maturity.



                                      -21-
<PAGE>

         At the option of the Holder,  Securities of any series may be exchanged
for other Securities of the same series, of any authorized  denominations and of
a like aggregate  principal  amount and Stated  Maturity,  upon surrender of the
Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are
so surrendered  for exchange,  the Company shall execute,  and the Trustee shall
authenticate  and make available for delivery,  the Securities  which the Holder
making the exchange is entitled to receive.

         If the principal amount and applicable  premium, of part but not all of
a Global  Security is paid,  then upon  surrender  to the Trustee of such Global
Security, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate,  deliver
and  register a Global  Security  in an  authorized  denomination  in  aggregate
principal  amount equal to, and having the same terms and of the same series as,
the unpaid portion of such Global Security.

         All Securities  issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities  shall be the valid  obligations of the Company,  evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture,  as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

         Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or
for  exchange  shall (if so  required  by the  Company or the  Trustee)  be duly
endorsed,  or be  accompanied  by a  written  instrument  of  transfer  in  form
satisfactory  to the Company and the Security  Registrar duly  executed,  by the
Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

         Unless  otherwise  provided  in the  Securities  to be  transferred  or
exchanged,  no service charge shall be made for any  registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities,  but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental  charge that may be imposed in connection
with any  registration  of  transfer  or  exchange  of  Securities,  other  than
exchanges pursuant to Section 3.04, 9.06 or 11.07 not involving any transfer.

         The Company  shall not be required (i) to issue,  register the transfer
of or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at the opening
of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of  redemption  of
Securities of that series selected for redemption under Section 11.03 and ending
at the close of business  on the day of such  mailing,  or (ii) to register  the
transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for  redemption  in whole or in
part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

         SECTION 3.06. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

         If any mutilated  Security is surrendered  to the Trustee,  the Company
shall  execute  and the  Trustee  shall  authenticate  and  deliver in  exchange
therefor a new  Security  of the same  series  and of like  tenor and  principal
amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

         If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)
such  security or  indemnity


                                      -22-
<PAGE>

as may be  required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them
harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such
Security has been acquired by a bona fide  purchaser,  the Company shall execute
and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,  in lieu of any
such destroyed,  lost or stolen Security,  a new Security of the same series and
of like tenor and  principal  amount and bearing a number not  contemporaneously
outstanding.

         In case any such  mutilated,  destroyed,  lost or stolen  Security  has
become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

         Upon the issuance of any new Security  under this Section,  the Company
may  require  the  payment  of a sum  sufficient  to  cover  any  tax  or  other
governmental  charge  that may be  imposed  in  relation  thereto  and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

         Every new  Security of any series  issued  pursuant to this  Section in
lieu of any  destroyed,  lost or stolen  Security  shall  constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Company,  whether or not the destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be
entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately  with
any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.

         The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the  replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

         SECTION 3.07. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.

         Interest on any Security  which is payable,  and is punctually  paid or
duly provided  for, on any Interest  Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in
whose name that Security (or one or more  Predecessor  Securities) is registered
at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest.

         Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not
punctually  paid or duly  provided  for, on any  Interest  Payment  Date (herein
called  "DEFAULTED  INTEREST") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder
on the relevant  Regular  Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder,  and
such  Defaulted  Interest  may be paid by the  Company,  at its election in each
case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below:

                  (1) The  Company  may elect to make  payment of any  Defaulted
         Interest to the Persons in whose  names the  Securities  of such series
         (or their  respective  Predecessor  Securities)  are  registered at the
         close of  business  on a Special  Record  Date for the  payment of such
         Defaulted  Interest,  which shall be fixed in the following manner. The
         Company  shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted
         Interest  proposed  to be paid on each  Security of such series and the
         date of the proposed  payment,  and at the same time the Company  shall
         deposit  with the  Trustee  an


                                      -23-
<PAGE>

         amount of money equal to the  aggregate  amount  proposed to be paid in
         respect  of  such  Defaulted   Interest  or  shall  make   arrangements
         satisfactory  to the Trustee for such deposit  prior to the date of the
         proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the
         benefit of the Persons  entitled to such Defaulted  Interest as in this
         Section 3.07 provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record
         Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more
         than 15 days  and not  less  than  10  days  prior  to the  date of the
         proposed  payment  and not less than 10 days  after the  receipt by the
         Trustee  of the  notice of the  proposed  payment.  The  Trustee  shall
         promptly  notify the  Company of such  Special  Record Date and, in the
         name and at the  expense  of the  Company,  shall  cause  notice of the
         proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date
         therefor to be mailed,  first-class  postage prepaid, to each Holder of
         Securities  of such series at his address as it appears in the Security
         Register,  not less than 10 days  prior to such  Special  Record  Date.
         Notice of the  proposed  payment  of such  Defaulted  Interest  and the
         Special  Record Date  therefor  having been so mailed,  such  Defaulted
         Interest  shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Securities of
         such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered
         at the  close of  business  on such  Special  Record  Date and shall no
         longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause (2).

                  (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted  Interest on
         the   Securities   of  any  series  in  any  other  lawful  manner  not
         inconsistent with the requirements of any securities  exchange on which
         such Securities may be listed,  and upon such notice as may be required
         by such exchange,  if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee
         of the proposed  payment  pursuant to this Section 3.07, such manner of
         payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

         Subject to the  foregoing  provisions  of this  Section,  each Security
delivered  under this Indenture upon  registration of transfer of or in exchange
for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest  accrued
and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

         SECTION 3.08. Persons Deemed Owners.

         Prior to due  presentment of a Security for  registration  of transfer,
the  Company,  the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat
the  Person  in whose  name such  Security  is  registered  as the owner of such
Security for the purpose of receiving  payment of principal of (and premium,  if
any) and (subject to Section  3.07)  interest on such Security and for all other
purposes  whatsoever,  whether or not such Security be overdue,  and neither the
Company,  the  Trustee  nor any agent of the  Company  or the  Trustee  shall be
affected by notice to the contrary.

         None of the  Company,  the  Trustee or any agent of the  Company or the
Trustee shall have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records
relating to or payments  made on account of beneficial  ownership  interest of a
Security in global  form,  or for  maintaining,  supervising  or  reviewing  any
records  relating to such beneficial  ownership  interest.  Notwithstanding  the
foregoing,  with respect to any Security in global  form,  nothing


                                      -24-
<PAGE>

herein  shall  prevent the Company or the Trustee or any agent of the Company or
the Trustee  from giving  effect to any  written  certification,  proxy or other
authorization  furnished by any Depositary (or its nominee),  as a Holder,  with
respect to such  Security in global form or impair,  as between such  Depositary
and  owners  of  beneficial  interests  in such  Security  in global  form,  the
operation of  customary  practices  governing  the exercise of the right of such
Depositary (or its nominee) as holder of such Security in global form.

         SECTION 3.09. Cancellation.

         All Securities  surrendered  for payment,  redemption,  registration of
transfer or exchange or for credit  against any sinking fund payment  shall,  if
surrendered  to any Person other than the  Trustee,  be delivered to the Trustee
and shall be promptly  cancelled  by it. The Company may at any time  deliver to
the  Trustee  for  cancellation  any  Securities  previously  authenticated  and
delivered   hereunder  which  the  Company  may  have  acquired  in  any  manner
whatsoever,  and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly  cancelled by the
Trustee.  No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any
Securities cancelled as provided in this Section,  except as expressly permitted
by this Indenture. All cancelled Securities shall be held by the Trustee and may
be destroyed (and, if so destroyed,  certification of their destruction shall be
delivered to the Company,  unless,  by a Company Order, the Company shall direct
that cancelled Securities be returned to it).

         SECTION 3.10. Computation of Interest.

         Except as  otherwise  specified  as  contemplated  by Section  3.01 for
Securities  of any series,  interest on the  Securities  of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a year of twelve 30-day months.


                                      -25-
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE IV

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

         SECTION 4.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

         This  Indenture  shall cease to be of further  effect (except as to any
surviving  rights of registration  of transfer or exchange of Securities  herein
expressly  provided  for or in the form of Security for such  series),  when the
Trustee,  upon Company Request and at the expense of the Company,  shall execute
proper instruments  acknowledging  satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture,
when

         (a) either

         (1) all Securities theretofore  authenticated and delivered (other than
(A)  Securities  which have been  destroyed,  lost or stolen and which have been
replaced  or paid as  provided  in  Section  3.06 and (B)  Securities  for whose
payment money has theretofore  been deposited in trust or segregated and held in
trust by the Company and  thereafter  repaid to the Company or  discharged  from
such trust, as provided in Section 10.07) have been delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation; or

         (2) all such  Securities not  theretofore  delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation

         (A) have become due and payable, or

         (B) will become due and  payable at their  Stated  Maturity  within one
year, or

         (C) are to be called for redemption within one year under  arrangements
satisfactory  to the  Trustee  for the  giving of notice  of  redemption  by the
Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

and the Company,  in the case of (A), (B) or (C) above,  has deposited  with the
Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose an amount  sufficient to pay and
discharge the entire  indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore  delivered
to the  Trustee  for  cancellation,  for  principal  (and  premium,  if any) and
interest  to the date of such  deposit  (in the case of  Securities  which  have
become due and payable) or the Stated  Maturity or Redemption  Date, as the case
may be;

                  (b) the  Company  has paid or caused to be paid all other sums
         payable hereunder by the Company; and

                  (c) the Company  has  delivered  to the  Trustee an  Officer's
         Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
         precedent   provided  for  herein  relating  to  the  satisfaction  and
         discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.



                                      -26-
<PAGE>

         Notwithstanding  the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture,  the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.07, the obligations of
the Company to any  Authenticating  Agent under Section 6.14 and, if money shall
have been deposited with the Trustee  pursuant to subclause (2) of clause (a) of
this Section  4.01,  the  obligations  of the Trustee under Section 4.02 and the
last paragraph of Section 10.07 shall survive.

         If the Company shall have paid or caused to be paid in whole or in part
the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on any Security,  as and when
the same shall become due and payable or the Company shall have delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation any outstanding Security,  such Security shall cease to
be entitled to the lien,  benefit or security  interest  under this Indenture to
the extent of such amounts paid.

         SECTION 4.02. Application of Trust Money.

         Subject to the provisions of the last  paragraph of Section 10.07,  all
money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.01 shall be held in trust
and applied by it, in accordance  with the provisions of the Securities and this
Indenture,  to  the  payment,  either  directly  or  through  any  Paying  Agent
(including  the  Company  acting as its own  Paying  Agent) as the  Trustee  may
determine,  to the Persons entitled thereto,  of the principal (and premium,  if
any) and  interest  for whose  payment  such  money has been  deposited  with or
received by the Trustee.


                                      -27-
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE V

                                    REMEDIES

         SECTION 5.01. Events of Default.

         "EVENT OF DEFAULT,"  wherever used herein with respect to Securities of
any series,  means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such
Event of Default  and  whether it shall be  voluntary  or  involuntary  or to be
effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any
court or any order,  rule or regulation of any  administrative  or  governmental
body):

                  (1) the  Company  defaults  in the  payment of interest on any
         Security  when such  interest  becomes due and payable and such default
         continues for a period of 30 days; or

                  (2) the Company  defaults in the payment of the  principal  of
         (or premium,  if any,  on) any  Security  when the same becomes due and
         payable at  Maturity,  upon  redemption  (including  redemptions  under
         Article XI), or otherwise; or

                  (3) the  Company  fails to observe or perform any of its other
         covenants, warranties or agreements in the Securities of that series or
         this Indenture (other than a covenant,  agreement or warranty a default
         in whose  performance  or whose  breach is  elsewhere  in this  Section
         specifically  dealt with or which has  expressly  been included in this
         Indenture  solely for the  benefit of series of  Securities  other than
         that  series),  and the failure to observe or perform  continues  for a
         period  of 60 days  after  the date on  which  written  notice  of such
         failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice
         is a "Notice of Default" hereunder shall have been given to the Company
         by the Trustee by registered  or certified  mail, or to the Company and
         the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in  principal  amount of the
         Outstanding Securities of that series; or

                  (4) the  Company  pursuant  to or within  the  meaning  of any
         Bankruptcy Law (A) commences a voluntary  case or proceeding  under any
         Bankruptcy  Law with respect to itself,  (B) consents to the entry of a
         judgment,  decree or order for relief against it in an involuntary case
         or proceeding  under any Bankruptcy  Law, (C) consents to or acquiesces
         in the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency  proceedings against it,
         (D) applies for,  consents to or  acquiesces in the  appointment  of or
         taking  possession  by a Custodian  of the Company or for any  material
         part of its property, (E) makes a general assignment for the benefit of
         its creditors or (F) takes any corporate action in furtherance of or to
         facilitate, conditionally or otherwise, any of the foregoing; or

                  (5) (i) a court of competent  jurisdiction  enters a judgment,
         decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an  involuntary
         case or proceeding  under any Bankruptcy Law which shall (A) approve as
         properly  filed  a  petition   seeking   reorganization,   arrangement,
         adjustment  or  composition  in respect of the  Company,  (B) appoint a
         Custodian  of the Company or for any  material  part of its property or
         (C)


                                      -28-
<PAGE>

         order the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs,  and such judgment,
         decree or order shall remain  unstayed and in effect for a period of 60
         consecutive  days; or (ii) any  bankruptcy  or  insolvency  petition or
         application  is filed,  or any  bankruptcy or insolvency  proceeding is
         commenced  against  the  Company  and  such  petition,  application  or
         proceeding  is not  dismissed  within 60 days;  or (iii) a  warrant  of
         attachment  is issued  against any material  portion of the property of
         the Company which is not released within 60 days of service, or

                  (6) any  other  Event of  Default  provided  with  respect  to
         Securities of that series.

         A Default  under clause (3) above is not an Event of Default  until the
Trustee or the  Holders  of at least 25% in  aggregate  principal  amount of the
Outstanding  Securities of that series notify the Company of the Default and the
Company does not cure the Default within 60 days after receipt of the notice.

         SECTION 5.02. Acceleration of Maturity and Rescission.

         If an Event of Default with respect to  Securities of any series (other
than an Event of Default  specified in clause (4) or (5) of Section 5.01) occurs
and is  continuing,  the  Trustee by notice in writing  to the  Company,  or the
Holders  of at  least  25% in  aggregate  principal  amount  of the  Outstanding
Securities  of that series by notice in writing to the Company and the  Trustee,
may  declare  the  unpaid  principal  of and  accrued  interest  to the  date of
acceleration  (or, if the  Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount
Securities,  such  portion of the  principal  amount as may be  specified in the
terms of that series) on all the Outstanding Securities of that series to be due
and  payable  immediately  and,  upon  any  such  declaration,  the  Outstanding
Securities  of that series (or specified  principal  amount) shall become and be
immediately due and payable.

         If an Event of Default  specified  in clause (4) or (5) of Section 5.01
occurs,  all  unpaid  principal  of and  accrued  interest  on  the  Outstanding
Securities  of that  series (or  specified  principal  amount)  shall ipso facto
become and be immediately  due and payable  without any declaration or other act
on the part of the Trustee or any Holder of any Security of that series.

         Upon payment of all such  principal and  interest,  all of the Company'
obligations  under  the  Securities  of that  series  and (upon  payment  of the
Securities of all series) this Indenture  shall  terminate,  except  obligations
under Section 6.07.

         The  Holders of not less than a  majority  in  principal  amount of the
Outstanding  Securities  of that  series by notice to the Trustee may rescind an
acceleration and its  consequences if (i) all existing Events of Default,  other
than the  nonpayment of the principal of and interest on the  Securities of that
series that has become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been
cured or  waived,  (ii) to the extent the  payment of such  interest  is lawful,
interest on overdue  installments  of interest  and overdue  principal  that has
become due otherwise than by such  declaration of  acceleration  have been paid,
(iii) the  rescission  would


                                      -29-
<PAGE>

not conflict  with any  judgment or decree of a court of competent  jurisdiction
and (iv) all  payments  due to the Trustee  and any  predecessor  Trustee  under
Section 6.07 have been made.

         SECTION 5.03.  Collection of Indebtedness  and Suits for Enforcement by
Trustee.

         The Company covenants that if:

                  (1)  default  is made in the  payment of any  interest  on any
         Security  when  such  interest  becomes  due and  payable,  (A) if such
         default  occurs prior to the Release Date,  and such default  continues
         for a period of 90 days, or (B) if such default  occurs on or after the
         Release Date, such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

                  (2)  default is made in the  payment of the  principal  of (or
         premium,  if  any,  on)  any  Security  at  Maturity,  upon  redemption
         (including redemption under Article XII) or otherwise,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee,  pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders  of such  Securities,  the whole  amount  then due and  payable  on such
Securities for principal  (and premium,  if any) and interest and, to the extent
that  payment of such  interest  shall be legally  enforceable,  interest on any
overdue principal (and premium, if any) and on any overdue interest, at the rate
or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,  and, in addition thereto, such
further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the reasonable costs and expenses
of collection,  including the reasonable compensation,  expenses,  disbursements
and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

         If the Company  fails to pay such amounts  forthwith  upon such demand,
the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a
judicial  proceeding  for the  collection  of the  sums so due and  unpaid,  may
prosecute  such  proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same
against the Company or any other  obligor upon such  Securities  and collect the
moneys  adjudged  or decreed to be payable in the manner  provided by law out of
the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities,  wherever
situated.

         If an Event of Default hereunder occurs and is continuing,  the Trustee
may in its  discretion  proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights
of the Holders of Securities by such  appropriate  judicial  proceedings  as the
Trustee  shall deem most  effectual  to protect  and  enforce  any such  rights,
whether  for the  specific  enforcement  of any  covenant or  agreement  in this
Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power  granted  herein,  or to secure
any other proper remedy.

         SECTION 5.04. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

         In case of the pendency of any receivership,  insolvency,  liquidation,
bankruptcy,  reorganization,   arrangement,  adjustment,  composition  or  other
judicial  proceeding  relative  to the  Company  or any other  obligor  upon the
Securities  or the  property  of the  Company or of such other  obligor or their
creditors,  the Trustee (irrespective of whether the


                                      -30-
<PAGE>

principal of the Securities  shall then be due and payable as therein  expressed
or by  declaration  or otherwise and  irrespective  of whether the Trustee shall
have made any demand on the  Company  for the  payment of overdue  principal  or
interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or
otherwise,

                  (i) to file  and  prove  a  claim  for  the  whole  amount  of
         principal  (and  premium,  if any) and  interest  owing  and  unpaid in
         respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as
         may be  necessary  or  advisable  in order to have  the  claims  of the
         Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
         disbursements  and advances of the Trustee,  its agent and counsel) and
         of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceedings, and

                  (ii) to  collect  and  receive  any  moneys or other  property
         payable or  deliverable  on any such claims and to distribute the same;
         and   any   custodian,   receiver,   assignee,   trustee,   liquidator,
         sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial  proceeding
         is  hereby  authorized  by each  Holder to make  such  payments  to the
         Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee  shall consent to the making
         of such  payments  directly to the  Holders,  to pay to the Trustee any
         amount due it for the reasonable compensation,  expenses, disbursements
         and  advances of the  Trustee,  its agents and  counsel,  and any other
         amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.07.

         Nothing  herein  contained  shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize  or  consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of
reorganization,  arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities
or the  rights of any  Holder  thereof or to  authorize  the  Trustee to vote in
respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

         SECTION  5.05.   Trustee  May  Enforce  Claims  Without  Possession  of
Securities.

         All rights of action and claims under this  Indenture or the Securities
may be prosecuted  and enforced by the Trustee  without the possession of any of
the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and
any such  proceeding  instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name
as trustee of an express  trust,  and any  recovery  of  judgment  shall,  after
provision   for  the   payment  of  the   reasonable   compensation,   expenses,
disbursements  and advances of the Trustee,  its agents and counsel,  be for the
ratable  benefit  of the  Holders  of the  Securities  in  respect of which such
judgment has been recovered.

         SECTION 5.06. Application of Money Collected.

         Any money collected by the Trustee  pursuant to this Article in respect
of the Securities of any series shall be applied in the following  order, at the
date or dates fixed by the  Trustee  and,  in case of the  distribution  of such
money  on  account  of  principal  (or  premium,  if  any)  or  interest,   upon
presentation  of the  Securities in respect of which moneys have been  collected
and the  notation  thereon  of the  payment  if only  partially  paid  and  upon
surrender thereof if fully paid:



                                      -31-
<PAGE>

         First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.07
applicable to such series;

         Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal
of (and  premium,  if any) and  interest  on the  Securities  of such  series in
respect of which or for the  benefit  of which  such  money has been  collected,
ratably,  without  preference or priority of any kind,  according to the amounts
due and payable on such Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if
any) and interest, respectively; and

         Third: To the Company.

         The Trustee  may fix a record date and payment  date for any payment to
Holders  pursuant to this Section  5.06.  At least fifteen (15) days before such
record date, the Trustee shall mail to each Holder and the Company a notice that
states the record date, the payment date and the amount to be paid.

         SECTION 5.07. Limitation on Suits.

         No  Holder  of any  Security  of any  series  shall  have any  right to
institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture,
or for the  appointment  of a  receiver  or  trustee,  or for any  other  remedy
hereunder, unless:

                  (1) such Holder has  previously  given  written  notice to the
         Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities
         of that series;

                  (2) the  Holders of not less than 25% in  principal  amount of
         the  Outstanding  Securities  of that  series  shall have made  written
         request to the  Trustee  to  institute  proceedings  in respect of such
         Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

                  (3)  such  Holder  or  Holders  have  offered  to the  Trustee
         reasonable indemnity against the costs,  expenses and liabilities to be
         incurred in compliance with such request;

                  (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such  notice,
         request  and  offer of  indemnity  has  failed  to  institute  any such
         proceeding; and

                  (5) no direction  inconsistent  with such written  request has
         been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a
         majority in  principal  amount of the  Outstanding  Securities  of that
         series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of Holders of Securities of
any  series  shall  have any right in any  manner  whatever  by virtue of, or by
availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the
rights of any other of such Holders,  or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority
or preference  over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this
Indenture,  except in the manner  herein  provided and for the equal and ratable
benefit of all Holders of Securities of the affected series.



                                      -32-
<PAGE>

         SECTION  5.08.  Unconditional  Right of Holders  to Receive  Principal,
Premium and Interest.

         Notwithstanding  any other provision in this  Indenture,  the Holder of
any  Security  shall have the right,  which is absolute  and  unconditional,  to
receive  payment of the  principal  of (and  premium,  if any) and  (subject  to
Section  3.07)  interest on such  Security on the Stated  Maturity or Maturities
expressed in such Security  (or, in the case of  redemption,  on the  Redemption
Date) and to institute suit for the  enforcement  of any such payment,  and such
rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

         SECTION 5.09. Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

         If the Trustee or any Holder has  instituted  any proceeding to enforce
any  right  or  remedy  under  this  Indenture  and  such  proceeding  has  been
discontinued or abandoned for any reason,  or has been  determined  adversely to
the  Trustee or to such  Holder,  then and in every  such  case,  subject to any
determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall
be restored  severally and respectively to their former positions  hereunder and
thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue
as though no such proceeding has been instituted.

         SECTION 5.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

         Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment
of mutilated,  destroyed,  lost or stolen  Securities  in the last  paragraph of
Section  3.06,  no right or remedy  herein  conferred  upon or  reserved  to the
Trustee or to the  Holders is  intended  to be  exclusive  of any other right or
remedy,  and every right and remedy  shall,  to the extent  permitted by law, be
cumulative  and in addition to every other right and remedy  given  hereunder or
now or hereafter  existing at law or in equity or  otherwise.  The  assertion or
employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the
concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

         SECTION 5.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

         No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any  Securities
to exercise any right or remedy  accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair
any such right or remedy or  constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or
an acquiescence therein.  Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law
to the  Trustee or to the  Holders may be  exercised  from time to time,  and as
often as may be deemed expedient,  by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case
may be.

         SECTION 5.12. Control by Holders.

         The  Holders  of a  majority  in  principal  amount of the  Outstanding
Securities  of any series  shall  have the right to direct the time,  method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy  available to the Trustee,  or
exercising  any trust or power  conferred  on the  Trustee,  with respect to the
Securities of such series, provided that:



                                      -33-
<PAGE>

                 (1) such  direction  shall not be in conflict with any rule of
         law or with this Indenture;

                  (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the
         Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and

                  (3) subject to Section  6.01,  the  Trustee  need not take any
         action  which might  involve the  Trustee in personal  liability  or be
         unduly prejudicial to the Holders not joining therein.

         SECTION 5.13. Waiver of Past Defaults.

         The  Holders of not less than a  majority  in  principal  amount of the
Outstanding  Securities  of any series may by written  notice to the  Trustee on
behalf of the Holders of all the  Securities of such series waive any Default or
Event of Default  with  respect to such  series and its  consequences,  except a
Default or Event of Default

                  (1) in respect of the payment of the principal of (or premium,
         if any) or interest on any Security of such series, or

                  (2) in respect of a covenant or other  provision  hereof which
         under  Article IX cannot be modified or amended  without the consent of
         the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

         Upon any such waiver,  such Default or Event of Default  shall cease to
exist  and  shall be  deemed to have  been  cured,  for  every  purpose  of this
Indenture and the Securities of such series;  but no such waiver shall extend to
any  subsequent  or other  Default  or Event of  Default  or  impair  any  right
consequent thereon.

         SECTION 5.14. Undertaking for Costs.

         All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by
his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its
discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under
this  Indenture,  or in any suit  against  the  Trustee  for any  action  taken,
suffered or omitted by it as Trustee,  the filing by any party  litigant in such
suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in
its discretion assess reasonable costs,  including  reasonable  attorneys' fees,
against  any party  litigant  in such suit,  having due regard to the merits and
good  faith of the  claims or  defenses  made by such  party  litigant;  but the
provisions  of this  Section  shall  not  apply  to any suit  instituted  by the
Company,  to any suit  instituted by the Trustee,  to any suit instituted by any
Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by
any Holder for the  enforcement  of the payment of the principal of (or premium,
if any)  or  interest  on any  Security  on or  after  the  Stated  Maturity  or
Maturities  expressed in such  Security  (or, in the case of  redemption,  on or
after the Redemption Date).

                                      -34-
<PAGE>

         SECTION 5.15. Waiver of Stay or Extension.

         The Company  covenants  (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that
it will not at any time  insist  upon,  or plead,  or in any  manner  whatsoever
claim,  and will actively resist any and all efforts to be compelled to take the
benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever  enacted,  now or at
any time hereafter in force,  which may affect the covenants or the  performance
of this  Indenture;  and (to the extent that it may  lawfully do so) the Company
hereby  expressly  waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants
that it will not  hinder,  delay or impede  the  execution  of any power  herein
granted to the Trustee,  but will suffer and permit the  execution of every such
power as though no such law had been enacted.



                                      -35-
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE VI

                                   THE TRUSTEE

         SECTION 6.01. Certain Duties and Responsibilities of the Trustee.

         (a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Trustee's
duties and  responsibilities  under this Indenture  shall be governed by Section
315 (a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

         (b) In case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing,  and is
known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in
it by this  Indenture,  and shall use the same degree of care and skill in their
exercise,  as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the
conduct of his own affairs.

         (c) None of the  provisions  of Section 315 (d) of the Trust  Indenture
Act shall be excluded from this Indenture.

         SECTION 6.02. Notice of Defaults.

         Within 30 days after the  occurrence of any Default or Event of Default
with  respect to the  Securities  of any series,  the Trustee  shall give to all
Holders of Securities of such series, as their names and addresses appear in the
Security  Register,  notice of such  Default  or Event of  Default  known to the
Trustee,  unless  such  Default  or Event of  Default  shall  have been cured or
waived;  provided,  however,  that,  except in the case of a Default or Event of
Default in the payment of the  principal of (or premium,  if any) or interest on
any  Security of such series or in the payment of any sinking  fund  installment
with respect to  Securities  of such series,  the Trustee  shall be protected in
withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors,  the executive
committee or a trust committee of directors and/or  Responsible  Officers of the
Trustee in good faith  determine  that the  withholding of such notice is in the
interest of the Holders of Securities of such series.

         SECTION 6.03. Certain Rights of Trustee.

         Subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act:

         (a) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining
from acting upon any resolution,  certificate,  statement,  instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other
evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine
and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

         (b) any request or direction of the Company  mentioned  herein shall be
sufficiently  evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order and any resolution
of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;



                                      -36-
<PAGE>

         (c) whenever in the  administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall
deem it  desirable  that a matter  be  proved or  established  prior to  taking,
suffering or omitting any action  hereunder,  the Trustee (unless other evidence
be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part,
rely upon an Officer's Certificate;

         (d) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such
counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete  authorization  and
protection in respect of any action  taken,  suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in reliance thereon;

         (e) the Trustee  shall be under no  obligation  to exercise  any of the
rights or powers  vested in it by this  Indenture at the request or direction of
any of the Holders  pursuant to this  Indenture,  unless such Holders shall have
offered to the Trustee  security or  indemnity  to its  reasonable  satisfaction
against the costs,  expenses  and  liabilities  which might be incurred by it in
compliance with such request or direction;

         (f) prior to the  occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the
Securities  of any series and after the curing or waiving of all such  Events of
Default  which may have  occurred,  the  Trustee  shall not be bound to make any
investigation  into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,  certificate,
statement,  instrument,  opinion, report, notice, request,  direction,  consent,
order,  approval  or other  paper or  document,  or the books and records of the
Company,  unless  requested  in writing to do so by the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any series; provided, however,
that if the  payment  within a  reasonable  time to the  Trustee  of the  costs,
expenses  or  liabilities  likely  to be  incurred  by it in the  making of such
investigation is not, in the opinion of the Trustee,  reasonably  assured to the
Trustee  by the  security  afforded  to it by the terms of this  Indenture,  the
Trustee  may  require  reasonable  indemnity  against  such  costs,  expenses or
liabilities  as a condition to so proceeding;  the  reasonable  expense of every
such  investigation  shall be paid by the  Company  or, if paid by the  Trustee,
shall be repaid by the Company upon demand;

         (g) the Trustee may  execute any of the trusts or powers  hereunder  or
perform  any  duties  hereunder  either  directly  or by or  through  agents  or
attorneys  and the  Trustee  shall  not be  responsible  for any  misconduct  or
negligence  on the part of any agent or attorney  appointed  with due care by it
hereunder; and

         SECTION 6.04. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.

         The  recitals  herein  and  in the  Securities,  except  the  Trustee's
certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company,
and the Trustee or any Authenticating  Agent assumes no responsibility for their
correctness.  The  Trustee  makes  no  representations  as to  the  validity  or
sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.  Neither the Trustee nor any
Authenticating  Agent shall be  accountable  for the use or  application  by the
Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.



                                      -37-
<PAGE>

         SECTION 6.05. May Hold Securities.

         The Trustee,  any Authenticating  Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar  or any other agent of the  Company,  in its  individual  or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections
6.08 and 6.13, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would
have if it were  not  Trustee,  Authenticating  Agent,  Paying  Agent,  Security
Registrar or such other agent.

         SECTION 6.06. Money Held in Trust.

         Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder (including amounts held by
the Trustee as Paying Agent) need not be  segregated  from other funds except to
the extent  required  by law.  The  Trustee  may allow and  credit  the  Company
interest on any money  received by it hereunder at such rate,  if any, as may be
agreed upon by the Company and the Trustee from time to time as may be permitted
by law.

         SECTION 6.07. Compensation and Reimbursement.

         The Company agrees

                  (1) to pay  to  the  Trustee  from  time  to  time  reasonable
         compensation   for  all  services   rendered  by  it  hereunder  (which
         compensation  shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to
         the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

                  (2)  except  as  otherwise   expressly   provided  herein,  to
         reimburse  the Trustee  upon its request for all  reasonable  expenses,
         disbursements   and  advances  incurred  or  made  by  the  Trustee  in
         accordance  with  any  provision  of  this  Indenture   (including  the
         reasonable  compensation  and the  expenses  and  disbursements  of its
         agents and counsel),  except any such expense,  disbursement or advance
         as may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and

                  (3) to  indemnify  the  Trustee  for,  and to hold it harmless
         against, any loss, liability, damage, claim or expense, including taxes
         (other than taxes based upon or determined or measured by the income of
         the  Trustee),  incurred  without  negligence or bad faith on its part,
         arising out of or in connection  with the acceptance or  administration
         of the trust or trusts  hereunder,  including the costs and expenses of
         defending  itself against any claim or liability in connection with the
         exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder.

         When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with
an Event of Default  specified  in  Section  5.01(4)  or  Section  5.01(5),  the
expenses  (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its counsel) and the
compensation   for  the  services  are  intended  to   constitute   expenses  of
administration  under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy,  insolvency or
other similar law.



                                      -38-
<PAGE>

         The provisions of this Section 6.07 shall survive this Indenture.

         SECTION 6.08. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.

         The Trustee shall be disqualified only where such  disqualification  is
required by Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. Nothing shall prevent the
Trustee  from  filing with the  Commission  the  application  referred to in the
second to last paragraph of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.

         SECTION 6.09. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.

         There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall be eligible
to act as Trustee under Section  310(a) (1) of the Trust  Indenture Act having a
combined capital and surplus of at least  $50,000,000  subject to supervision or
examination by federal or State authority. If such corporation publishes reports
of condition at least annually,  pursuant to law or to the  requirements of said
supervising or examining  authority,  then for the purposes of this Section, the
combined  capital  and  surplus  of such  corporation  shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition
so  published.  Neither  the  Company  nor any  Person  directly  or  indirectly
controlling,  controlled  by, or under common control with the Company may serve
as Trustee.  If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance
with the provisions of this Section,  it shall resign  immediately in the manner
and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

         SECTION 6.10. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

         (a) No  resignation  or removal of the Trustee and no  appointment of a
successor  Trustee  pursuant to this Article  shall become  effective  until the
acceptance  of  appointment  by the  successor  Trustee in  accordance  with the
applicable requirements of Section 6.11.

         (b) The Trustee may resign at any time with  respect to the  Securities
of one or more series by giving written  notice  thereof to the Company.  If the
instrument of acceptance by a successor  Trustee  required by Section 6.11 shall
not have been  delivered to the Trustee  within 30 days after the giving of such
notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction  for the  appointment  of a successor  Trustee  with respect to the
Securities of such series.

         (c)  The  Trustee  may be  removed  at any  time  with  respect  to the
Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the  Outstanding  Securities of such series,  delivered to the Trustee and to
the Company.

         (d) If at any time:

                  (1) the Trustee  shall fail to comply with  Section  310(b) of
         the Trust Indenture Act after written  request  therefor by the Company
         or by any Holder who has been a bona fide  Holder of a Security  for at
         least six months; or



                                      -39-
<PAGE>

                  (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible  under Section 6.09
         and shall fail to resign after written request  therefor by the Company
         or by any such Holder of a Security  who has been a bona fide Holder of
         a Security for at least six months; or

                  (3) the Trustee  shall become  incapable of acting or shall be
         adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its
         property  shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or
         control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of
         rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;

then,  in any such case,  (i) the Company by a Board  Resolution  may remove the
Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to Section 315(e) of the
Trust  Indenture  Act,  any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security
for at least six  months  may,  on behalf of himself  and all  others  similarly
situated,  petition any court of competent  jurisdiction  for the removal of the
Trustee  with  respect to all  Securities  and the  appointment  of a  successor
Trustee or Trustees.

         (e) If the Trustee  shall  resign,  be removed or become  incapable  of
acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with
respect  to the  Securities  of one or  more  series,  the  Company,  by a Board
Resolution,  shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect
to the  Securities  of that or those series (it being  understood  that any such
successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more
or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee  with
respect to the  Securities of any  particular  series) and shall comply with the
applicable  requirements  of  Section  6.11.  If,  within  one year  after  such
resignation,  removal or  incapability,  or the  occurrence of such  vacancy,  a
successor  Trustee  with  respect  to the  Securities  of any  series  shall  be
appointed  by Act of the  Holders  of a  majority  in  principal  amount  of the
Outstanding  Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring
Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance
of such  appointment in accordance  with the applicable  requirements of Section
6.11, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series
and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company with
respect  to  such  Securities.  If no  successor  Trustee  with  respect  to the
Securities  of any series  shall have been so  appointed  by the  Company or the
Holders and accepted  appointment  in the manner  required by Section 6.11,  any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least
six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition
any court of competent  jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor  Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series.

         (f) The Company shall give notice of each  resignation and each removal
of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment
of a successor  Trustee with respect to the  Securities of any series by mailing
written  notice of such  event by  first-class  mail,  postage  prepaid,  to all
Holders of Securities of such series as their names and addresses  appear in the
Security  Register.  Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee
with respect to the  Securities  of such series and the address of its Corporate
Trust Office.



                                      -40-
<PAGE>

         SECTION 6.11. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

         (a) In case of the  appointment  hereunder of a successor  Trustee with
respect to all  Securities,  every such  successor  Trustee so  appointed  shall
execute,  acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring  Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment,  and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring  Trustee  shall become  effective  and such  successor  Trustee,
without any further act,  deed or  conveyance,  shall become vested with all the
rights,  powers,  trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request
of the Company or the successor  Trustee,  such  retiring  Trustee  shall,  upon
payment of its charges,  execute and deliver an instrument  transferring to such
successor Trustee all the rights,  powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and
shall duly assign,  transfer and deliver to such successor  Trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

         (b) In case of the  appointment  hereunder of a successor  Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company,  the
retiring  Trustee and each  successor  Trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall  execute and deliver an indenture  supplemental  hereto
wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain  such  provisions  as shall be  necessary  or  desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in,  each  successor  Trustee  all the  rights,  powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates,  (2)
if the retiring  Trustee is not retiring with respect to all  Securities,  shall
contain  such  provisions  as shall be deemed  necessary or desirable to confirm
that all the rights,  powers,  trusts and duties of the  retiring  Trustee  with
respect  to the  Securities  of that or those  series as to which  the  retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the  provisions of this  Indenture as shall be
necessary  to  provide  for or  facilitate  the  administration  of  the  trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee,  it being  understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the
same  trust and that each such  Trustee  shall be  trustee  of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder  administered by
any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental
indenture,  the  resignation  or removal of the  retiring  Trustee  shall become
effective  to the  extent  provided  therein  and each such  successor  Trustee,
without any further act,  deed or  conveyance,  shall become vested with all the
rights,  powers,  trusts and duties of the retiring  Trustee with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the  appointment  of such  successor
Trustee relates;  but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee,  such
retiring  Trustee  shall duly  assign,  transfer  and deliver to such  successor
Trustee all  property and money held by such  retiring  Trustee  hereunder  with
respect to the  Securities of that or those series to which the  appointment  of
such successor Trustee relates.

         (c) Upon  request of any such  successor  Trustee,  the  Company  shall
execute  any and all  instruments  for more fully and  certainly  vesting in and
confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred
to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.



                                      -41-
<PAGE>

         (d) No successor  Trustee  shall accept its  appointment  unless at the
time of such acceptance  such successor  Trustee shall be qualified and eligible
under the Trust Indenture Act.

         SECTION  6.12.  Merger,  Conversion,  Consolidation  or  Succession  to
Business.

         Any  corporation  into which the Trustee may be merged or  converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion  or  consolidation  to which  the  Trustee  shall be a party,  or any
corporation  succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee,  shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder,  provided such
corporation  shall be  otherwise  qualified  and  eligible  under this  Article,
without the  execution  or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not  delivered,  by the Trustee  then in office,  any  successor  by merger,
conversion  or  consolidation  to such  authenticating  Trustee  may adopt  such
authentication  and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

         SECTION 6.13. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

         The Trustee  shall  comply with Section  311(a) of the Trust  Indenture
Act, excluding any creditor  relationship  listed in Section 311(b) of the Trust
Indenture  Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been  removed  shall be subject to
Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent indicated therein.

         SECTION 6.14. Appointment of Authenticating Agent.

         At any time when any of the Securities  remain  Outstanding the Trustee
may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series
of Securities  which shall be authorized to act on behalf of, and subject to the
direction of, the Trustee to authenticate  Securities of such series issued upon
exchange,  registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to
Section 3.06, and Securities so authenticated  shall be entitled to the benefits
of this  Indenture  and shall be valid and  obligatory  for all  purposes  as if
authenticated  by the  Trustee  hereunder.  Wherever  reference  is made in this
Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the
Trustee's  certificate  of  authentication,  such  reference  shall be deemed to
include   authentication   and   delivery   on  behalf  of  the  Trustee  by  an
Authenticating  Agent and a certificate of authentication  executed on behalf of
the  Trustee by an  Authenticating  Agent.  Each  Authenticating  Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation  organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof
or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent,  having a combined  capital and surplus of not less than  $50,000,000 and
subject to supervision or  examination  by federal or State  authority.  If such
Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually,  pursuant
to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining  authority,  then
for the  purposes  of this  Section,  the  combined  capital and surplus of such
Authenticating  Agent shall


                                      -42-
<PAGE>

be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent
report of condition so published.  If at any time an Authenticating  Agent shall
cease to be eligible in accordance  with the  provisions  of this Section,  such
Authenticating  Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect
specified in this Section.

         Any  corporation  into which an  Authenticating  Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be  consolidated,  or any  corporation  resulting
from any merger,  conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party,  or any  corporation  succeeding  to the  corporate  agency or
corporate  trust business of an  Authenticating  Agent,  shall continue to be an
Authenticating  Agent,  provided such  corporation  shall be otherwise  eligible
under this Section,  without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

         An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an  Authenticating  Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating  Agent  and to the  Company.  Upon  receiving  such a  notice  of
resignation  or  upon  such  a  termination,   or  in  case  at  any  time  such
Authenticating  Agent  shall  cease  to  be  eligible  in  accordance  with  the
provisions of this Section,  the Trustee may appoint a successor  Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall mail written  notice of
such  appointment  by  first-class  mail,  postage  prepaid,  to all  Holders of
Securities  of the series with respect to which such  Authenticating  Agent will
serve,  as their  names and  addresses  appear  in the  Security  Register.  Any
successor  Authenticating  Agent upon  acceptance of its  appointment  hereunder
shall become  vested with all the rights,  powers and duties of its  predecessor
hereunder,  with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating  Agent.
No successor  Authenticating  Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section.

         The  Company  agrees to pay to each  Authenticating  Agent from time to
time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

         If an  appointment  with respect to one or more series is made pursuant
to this Section,  the  Securities of such series may have endorsed  thereon,  in
addition  to  the  Trustee's   certificate  of   authentication,   an  alternate
certificate of authentication in the following form:

                         Form of Authenticating Agent's
                          Certificate of Authentication

Dated:



                                      -43-
<PAGE>

                  This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein
referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.


                                             -----------------------------------
                                                                      As Trustee

                                       By
                                             -----------------------------------
                                                         As Authenticating Agent


                                       By
                                             -----------------------------------
                                                            Authorized Signatory

                                      -44-
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE VII

                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

         SECTION  7.01.  Company  to  Furnish  Trustee  Names and  Addresses  of
Holders.

         The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

         (a) semi-annually,  not later than January 1 and July 1 in each year, a
list,  in such form as the  Trustee  may  reasonably  require,  of the names and
addresses of the Holders as of the preceding December 15 or June 15, as the case
may be; and

         (b) at such other times as the  Trustee may request in writing,  within
30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request,  a list of similar
form and  content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list
is furnished;

provided,  however,  that so long as the Trustee is the Security  Registrar,  no
such list shall be required to be furnished.

         SECTION 7.02. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.

         (a) The Trustee shall  preserve,  in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable,  the names and  addresses  of Holders  contained in the most recent
list  furnished  to the Trustee as  provided  in Section  7.01 and the names and
addresses  of Holders  received  by the  Trustee  in its  capacity  as  Security
Registrar.  The  Trustee may  destroy  any list  furnished  to it as provided in
Section 7.02 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

         (b) If three or more Holders (herein referred to as "applicants") apply
in writing to the Trustee, and furnish to the Trustee reasonable proof that each
such  applicant  has  owned a  Security  for a  period  of at least  six  months
preceding the date of such  application,  and such  application  states that the
applicants desire to communicate with other Holders with respect to their rights
under this Indenture or under the Securities and is accompanied by a copy of the
form of proxy or other  communication which such applicants propose to transmit,
then the  Trustee  shall,  within five  Business  Days after the receipt of such
application, at its election, either

                  (i) afford such applicants access to the information preserved
         at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 7.02(a); or

                  (ii) inform such  applicants as to the  approximate  number of
         Holders whose names and addresses  appear in the information  preserved
         at the time by the Trustee in accordance  with Section 7.02 (a), and as
         to the approximate cost of mailing to such Holders the form of proxy or
         other communication, if any, specified in such application.


                                      -45-
<PAGE>

         If the Trustee shall elect not to afford such applicants access to such
information,  the Trustee shall,  upon the written  request of such  applicants,
mail to each Holder whose name and address appears in the information  preserved
at the time by the Trustee in  accordance  with  Section  7.02 (a) a copy of the
form of proxy or other  communication  which is specified in such request,  with
reasonable promptness after a tender to the Trustee of the material to be mailed
and of payment,  or provision  for the payment,  of the  reasonable  expenses of
mailing,  unless  within five days after such  tender the Trustee  shall mail to
such  applicants  and file  with  the  Commission,  together  with a copy of the
material to be mailed, a written statement to the effect that, in the opinion of
the Trustee,  such mailing would be contrary to the best interest of the Holders
or would be in violation of applicable law. Such written statement shall specify
the basis of such opinion.  If the Commission,  after  opportunity for a hearing
upon the objections  specified in the written statement so filed, shall enter an
order  refusing to sustain any of such  objections  or if, after the entry of an
order  sustaining one or more of such  objections,  the  Commission  shall find,
after notice and opportunity for hearing,  that all objections so sustained have
been met and shall enter an order so declaring, the Trustee shall mail copies of
such material to all such Holders with reasonable  promptness after the entry of
such order and the  renewal  of such  tender;  otherwise  the  Trustee  shall be
relieved  of  any  obligation  or  duty  to  such  applicants  respecting  their
application.

         (c) Every  Holder of  Securities,  by  receiving  and holding the same,
agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the company nor the Trustee
nor any  agent of  either  of them  shall be held  accountable  by reason of the
disclosure of any such  information as to the names and addresses of the Holders
in  accordance  with Section  7.02(b),  regardless of the source from which such
information was derived,  and that the Trustee shall not be held  accountable by
reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under Section 7.02(b).

         SECTION 7.03. Reports by Trustee.

         (a)  Within  60 days  after  May 15 of each  year,  the  Trustee  shall
transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities  as provided in Section  313(c) of
the Trust  Indenture  Act, a brief report dated as of May 15, if required by and
in compliance with Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

         (b) The Trustee shall from time to time transmit by mail to all Holders
of  Securities  as provided in Section  313(c) of the Trust  Indenture Act brief
reports  that  comply,  both as to content and date of  delivery,  with  Section
313(b) of the Trust Indenture Act (to the extent required by such Section).

         (c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such  transmission
to Holders,  be filed by the  Trustee  with each stock  exchange  upon which any
Securities are listed,  with the  Commission  and with the Company.  The Company
will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange.



                                      -46-
<PAGE>

         SECTION 7.04. Reports by Company.

         The Company shall:

                  (1) file with the Trustee, within 30 days after the Company is
         required  to file the same with the  Commission,  copies of the  annual
         reports and of the information,  documents and other reports (or copies
         of such  portions of any of the  foregoing as the  Commission  may from
         time to time by rules and regulations  prescribe) which the Company may
         be  required  to file with the  Commission  pursuant  to  Section 13 or
         Section  15(d) of the Exchange  Act; or, if the Company is not required
         to file  information,  documents or reports  pursuant to either of said
         Sections,  then it shall file with the Trustee and the  Commission,  in
         accordance with rules and  regulations  prescribed from time to time by
         the Commission,  such of the  supplementary  and periodic  information,
         documents and reports  which may be required  pursuant to Section 13 of
         the Exchange Act in respect of a security  listed and  registered  on a
         national  securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in
         such rules and regulations;

                  (2) file with the Trustee and the  Commission,  in  accordance
         with  rules  and  regulations  prescribed  from  time  to  time  by the
         Commission,  such  additional  information,  documents and reports with
         respect to compliance by the Company with the  conditions and covenants
         of this  Indenture  as may be required  from time to time by such rules
         and regulations;

                  (3)  transmit  by mail to all  Holders,  as  their  names  and
         addresses  appear in the  Security  Register,  within 30 days after the
         filing  thereof with the Trustee,  such  summaries of any  information,
         documents and reports  required to be filed by the Company  pursuant to
         paragraphs  (1) and (2) of this Section as may be required by rules and
         regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission; and

                  (4) furnish to the Trustee, on or before May 1 of each year, a
         brief  certificate  from the  principal  executive  officer,  principal
         financial  officer  or  principal  accounting  officer as to his or her
         knowledge of the Company's compliance with all conditions and covenants
         under this Indenture.  For purposes of this paragraph,  such compliance
         shall  be  determined   without  regard  to  any  period  of  grace  or
         requirement of notice provided under this Indenture.  Such  certificate
         need not comply with Section 1.02.




                                      -47-
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, LEASE, SALE OR TRANSFER

         SECTION 8.01. Then Company May Merge, Etc.

         The Company shall not consolidate with, or merge with or into any other
corporation (whether or not the Company shall be the surviving corporation),  or
sell,  assign,  transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and
assets as an entirety or  substantially as an entirety to any Person or group of
affiliated  Persons,  in one  transaction  or a series of related  transactions,
unless:

                  (1) either the Company shall be the  continuing  Person or the
         Person (if other than the Company) formed by such consolidation or with
         which or into  which the  Company  is merged or the Person (or group of
         affiliated  Persons) to which all or  substantially  all the properties
         and  assets  of the  Company  as an  entirety  or  substantially  as an
         entirety  are  sold,  assigned,   transferred  or  leased  shall  be  a
         corporation (or constitute corporations) and shall expressly assume, by
         an  indenture  supplemental  hereto,  executed  and  delivered  to  the
         Trustee,  in form  satisfactory to the Trustee,  all the obligations of
         the Company under the Securities and this Indenture; and

                  (2)  immediately  before  and  after  giving  effect  to  such
         transaction or series of related transactions, no Event of Default, and
         no Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.

         SECTION 8.02. Opinion of Counsel.

         The  Company  shall  deliver  to the  Trustee  prior  to  the  proposed
transaction(s)  covered by Section 8.01 an Officer's  Certificate and an Opinion
of Counsel  stating  that the  transaction(s)  and such  supplemental  indenture
comply with this Indenture and that all conditions precedent to the consummation
of the transaction(s) under this Indenture have been met.

         SECTION 8.03. Successor Corporation Substituted.

         Upon any  consolidation  by the  Company  with or merger by the Company
into any other corporation or any lease, sale, assignment, or transfer of all or
substantially  all of the property and assets of the Company in accordance  with
Section 8.01, the successor  corporation  formed by such  consolidation  or into
which the Company is merged or the successor  corporation or affiliated group of
corporations to which such lease,  sale,  assignment,  or transfer is made shall
succeed to, and be  substituted  for, and may exercise every right and power of,
the  Company  under this  Indenture  with the same  effect as if such  successor
corporation  or  corporations  had  been  named  as  the  Company  herein,   and
thereafter,  except  in the  case of a lease,  the  predecessor  corporation  or
corporations  shall be  relieved of all  obligations  and  covenants  under this
Indenture and the  Securities  and in the event of such  conveyance or transfer,
except in the case of a lease, any such predecessor corporation may be dissolved
and liquidated.



                                      -48-
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE IX

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

         SECTION 9.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.

         Without  notice to or the consent of any  Holders,  the  Company,  when
authorized by a Board Resolution,  and the Trustee, at any time and from time to
time,  may  enter  into  one or more  indentures  supplemental  hereto,  in form
satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

                  (1) to evidence the  succession of another  corporation to the
         Company and the  assumption  by any such  successor of the covenants of
         the Company herein and in the Securities; or

                  (2) to add to the  covenants of the Company for the benefit of
         the Holders of all or any series of Securities  (and if such  covenants
         are to be for the  benefit  of less  than  all  series  of  Securities,
         stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the
         benefit  of such  series)  or to  surrender  any right or power  herein
         conferred upon the Company; or

                  (3) to add any  additional  Events of Default  with respect to
         all or any series of Securities; or

                  (4) to add or change any of the  provisions of this  Indenture
         to such  extent  as shall be  necessary  to permit  or  facilitate  the
         issuance of Securities in bearer form,  registrable or not  registrable
         as to principal, and with or without interest coupons; or

                  (5) to  change  or  eliminate  any of the  provisions  of this
         Indenture,  provided that any such change or  elimination  shall become
         effective  only when  there is no  Security  Outstanding  of any series
         created prior to the execution of such supplemental  indenture which is
         entitled to the benefit of such provision; or

                  (6) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series
         as permitted by Sections 2.01 and 3.01; or

                  (7) to evidence and provide for the  acceptance of appointment
         hereunder by a successor  Trustee with respect to the Securities of one
         or more  series and to add to or change any of the  provisions  of this
         Indenture  as shall be  necessary  to  provide  for or  facilitate  the
         administration  of the  trusts  hereunder  by more  than  one  Trustee,
         pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.11(b); or

                  (8) to cure  any  ambiguity,  defect  or  inconsistency  or to
         correct or supplement  any provision  herein which may be  inconsistent
         with any other provision herein; or



                                      -49-
<PAGE>

                  (9) to make any  change  that  does not  materially  adversely
         affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series.

         Upon  request  of  the  Company,  accompanied  by  a  Board  Resolution
authorizing the execution of any such supplemental  indenture,  and upon receipt
by the Trustee of the  documents  described in (and subject to the last sentence
of) Section  9.03,  the Trustee  shall join with the Company in the execution of
any  supplemental  indenture  authorized  or  permitted  by the  terms  of  this
Indenture.

         SECTION 9.02. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders.

         With the  written  consent of the  Holders of a majority  in  principal
amount  of  the   Outstanding   Securities  of  each  series  affected  by  such
supplemental  indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the
Trustee,  the Company,  when authorized by a Board  Resolution,  and the Trustee
shall,  subject  to  Section  10.03,  enter  into  an  indenture  or  indentures
supplemental  hereto for the purpose of adding any  provisions to or changing in
any  manner  or  eliminating  any of the  provisions  of  this  Indenture  or of
modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of  Securities  of such series
under this Indenture;  provided,  however,  that no such supplemental  indenture
shall,  without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding  Security affected
thereby,

                  (1) change the Stated  Maturity  of the  principal  of, or any
         installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the
         principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium
         payable  upon the  redemption  thereof or extend  the time for  payment
         thereof,  or reduce the amount of the  principal  of an Original  Issue
         Discount  Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration  of
         acceleration  of the  Maturity  thereof  pursuant to Section  5.02,  or
         change any Place of Payment  where,  or the coin or  currency in which,
         any  Security or any  premium or the  interest  thereon is payable,  or
         impair  the right to  institute  suit for the  enforcement  of any such
         payment on or after the Stated  Maturity  thereof  (or,  in the case of
         redemption, on or after the Redemption Date); or

                  (2)  reduce  the   percentage  in  principal   amount  of  the
         Outstanding  Securities of any series,  the consent of whose Holders is
         required for any such supplemental  indenture,  or the consent of whose
         Holders  is  required  for  any  waiver  of  compliance   with  certain
         provisions of this Indenture or Defaults or Events of Default hereunder
         and their consequences provided for in this Indenture; or

                  (3) change the redemption  provisions  (including  Article XI)
         hereof in a manner adverse to such Holder; or

                  (4) modify any of the  provisions  of this  Section or Section
         5.13, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain
         other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without
         the  consent  of the  Holder  of  each  Outstanding  Security  affected
         thereby;  provided,  however,  that this clause  shall not be deemed to
         require  the  consent  of any  Holder  with  respect  to changes in the
         references


                                      -50-
<PAGE>

         to "the  Trustee"  and  concomitant  changes  in this  Section,  or the
         deletion  of this  proviso,  in  accordance  with the  requirements  of
         Sections 6.11(b) and 9.01(7).

A  supplemental  indenture  which  changes or  eliminates  any covenant or other
provisions of this Indenture  which has expressly  been included  solely for the
benefit of one or more  particular  series of Securities,  or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other  provision,  shall be  deemed  not to  affect  the  rights  under  this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

         It shall not be necessary  for any Act of Holders under this Section to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

         SECTION 9.03. Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

         The Trustee shall sign any supplemental  indenture  authorized pursuant
to this  Article,  subject  to the  last  sentence  of  this  Section  9.03.  In
executing,  or accepting  the  additional  trusts  created by, any  supplemental
indenture  permitted by this Article or the modifications  thereby of the trusts
created by this  Indenture,  the  Trustee  shall be  entitled  to  receive,  and
(subject to Section 6.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officer's
Certificate  and an  Opinion  of  Counsel  stating  that the  execution  of such
supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee
may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such  supplemental  indenture
which  affects  the  Trustee's  own  rights,  duties or  immunities  under  this
Indenture or otherwise.

         SECTION 9.04. Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

         Upon the execution of any  supplemental  indenture  under this Article,
this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith,  and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of Securities  theretofore or thereafter  authenticated and delivered  hereunder
shall be bound thereby.

         SECTION 9.05. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.

         Every  supplemental  indenture  executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

         SECTION 9.06. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.

         Securities  of  any  series   authenticated  and  delivered  after  the
execution of any supplemental  indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall
if required by the Trustee,  bear a notation in form  approved by the Trustee as
to any matter provided for in such supplemental  indenture. If the Company shall
so determine,  new  Securities  of any series so modified as to conform,  in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company,  to any such supplemental  indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and  authenticated  and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.



                                      -51-
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE X

                                    COVENANTS

         SECTION 10.01. Payments of Principal and Interest.

         With  respect to each series of  Securities,  the Company will duly and
punctually  pay the  principal  of (and  premium,  if any) and  interest on such
Securities  in  accordance  with their terms and this  Indenture,  and will duly
comply with all the other terms, agreements and conditions contained in, or made
in the Indenture for the benefit of, the Securities of such series.

         SECTION 10.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency.

         The Company will  maintain an office or agency in each Place of Payment
where  Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange or
for presentation  for payment,  where notices and demands to or upon the Company
in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served.  The Company will
give prompt  written  notice to the Trustee of the  location,  and any change in
location,  of such office or agency.  If at any time the  Company  shall fail to
maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee
with the address thereof,  such presentations,  surrenders,  notices and demands
may be made or served at the  address  of the  Trustee  as set forth in  Section
1.05.

         The  Company  may also from time to time  designate  one or more  other
offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any
or all such  purposes and may from time to time rescind such  designations.  The
Company will give prompt written  notice to the Trustee of any such  designation
or  rescission  and of any change in the  location  of any such other  office or
agency.

         Unless  otherwise  set forth in, or pursuant to, a Board  Resolution or
Indenture  supplemental  hereto  with  respect  to a series of  Securities,  the
Company   hereby   initially   designates   the   Corporate   Trust   Office  of
____________________________,  in ____________, _________, as such office of the
Company.

         SECTION 10.03. Corporate Existence.

         Subject to Article  VIII,  the Company  will do or cause to be done all
things  necessary  to preserve  and keep in full force and effect its  corporate
existence and the rights  (charter and statutory) and franchises of the Company;
provided,  however,  that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such
right  or  franchise  if  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  determine  that  the
preservation  thereof is no longer  desirable  in the conduct of the business of
the Company.

         SECTION 10.04. Payment of Taxes and Other Claims.

         The Company will pay or discharge,  or cause to be paid or  discharged,
before the same shall become delinquent, (l) all material taxes, assessments and
governmental  charges


                                      -52-
<PAGE>

levied or imposed  upon the Company or upon the  income,  profits or property of
the Company, and (2) all lawful claims for labor,  materials and supplies which,
if unpaid, might by law become a material lien upon the property of the Company;
provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay or discharge or
cause to be paid or discharged any such tax,  assessment,  charge or claim whose
amount,   applicability  or  validity  is  being  contested  in  good  faith  by
appropriate proceedings and for which adequate provision has been made.

         SECTION 10.05. Maintenance of Properties.

         The Company  will cause all material  properties  used or useful in the
conduct of its business to be maintained and kept in good condition,  repair and
working  order  (normal wear and tear  excepted) and supplied with all necessary
equipment  and  will  cause  to  be  made  all  necessary   repairs,   renewals,
replacements,  betterments and improvements  thereof,  all as in the judgment of
the Company may be  necessary,  so that the  business  carried on in  connection
therewith may be properly and advantageously  conducted at all times;  provided,
however,   that  nothing  in  this  Section   shall  prevent  the  Company  from
discontinuing  the  operation  or  maintenance  of any of  such  properties,  or
disposing of any of them, if such discontinuance or disposal is, in the judgment
of the Board of  Directors,  desirable  in the  conduct of the  business  of the
Company.

         SECTION 10.06. Certificates Respecting Defaults.

         The Company shall deliver to the Trustee  forthwith upon becoming aware
of a Default or Event of Default  (but in no event  later than 10 days after the
occurrence of each Default or Event of Default that is continuing), an Officer's
Certificate  setting  forth the details of such  Default or Event of Default and
the action  that the  Company  proposes  to take with  respect  thereto  and the
specific  section or sections of this  Indenture in  connection  with which such
Default or Event of Default has occurred.

         SECTION 10.07. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.

         If the  Company  shall  at any time act as its own  Paying  Agent  with
respect to any series of Securities,  it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium,  if any) or interest on any of the Securities of that
series,  segregate  and hold in trust for the  benefit of the  Persons  entitled
thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium,  if any) or interest
so  becoming  due until  such sums shall be paid to such  Persons  or  otherwise
disposed  of as herein  provided  and will  promptly  notify the  Trustee of its
action or failure so to act.

         Whenever  the  Company  shall  have one or more  Paying  Agents for any
series of Securities,  it will,  prior to each due date of the principal of (and
premium,  if any) or interest on any  Securities of that series,  deposit with a
Paying Agent a sum  sufficient  to pay the principal  (and  premium,  if any) or
interest  so becoming  due,  such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the
Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such Paying
Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action
or failure to so act.


                                      -53-
<PAGE>

         The Company will cause each Paying  Agent for any series of  Securities
(other than the Trustee) to execute and deliver to the Trustee an  instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee,  subject to the provisions
of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

                  (1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the  principal
         of (and  premium,  if any) or interest on  Securities of that series in
         trust for the benefit of the Persons  entitled  thereto until such sums
         shall  be paid to such  Persons  or  otherwise  disposed  of as  herein
         provided;

                  (2) give the Trustee  notice of any default by the Company (or
         any other obligor upon the  Securities of that series) in the making of
         any  payment of  principal  And  premium,  if any) or  interest  on the
         Securities of that series; and

                  (3) at any time during the  continuance  of any such  default,
         upon the written  request of the Trustee,  forthwith pay to the Trustee
         all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

         The  Company  may at  any  time,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  the
satisfaction  and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose,  pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying  Agent,  such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same  trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the  Company or
such Paying  Agent;  and,  upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further  liability  with respect to
such money.

         Any money  deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held
by the Company,  in trust for the payment of the principal of (and  premium,  if
any) or interest on any Security of any series and  remaining  unclaimed for two
years after such principal (and premium,  if any) or interest has become due and
payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the
Company)  shall be discharged  from such trust;  and the Holder of such Security
shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for
payment  thereof,  and all  liability  of the Trustee or such Paying  Agent with
respect  to such  trust  money,  and all  liability  of the  Company  as trustee
thereof,  shall thereupon  cease;  provided,  however,  that the Trustee or such
Paying  Agent,  before  being  required to make any such  repayment,  may at the
expense of the Company cause to be published  once, in a newspaper  published in
the English language,  customarily published on each Business Day and of general
circulation in New York, New York,  notice that such money remains unclaimed and
that, after a date specified therein,  which shall not be less than 30 days from
the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance or such money then remaining
will be repaid to the Company.




                                      -54-
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE XI

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

         SECTION 11.01. Applicability of Article.

         Securities  of any series  which are  redeemable  before  their  Stated
Maturity  shall be  redeemable  in  accordance  with their  terms and (except as
otherwise  specified  as  contemplated  by Section  3.01 for  Securities  of any
series) in accordance with this Article.

         SECTION 11.02. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.

         The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced
by a Board Resolution.  In case of any redemption at the election of the Company
of less than all the Securities of any series,  the Company  shall,  at least 45
days prior to the Redemption  Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice
shall be  satisfactory  to the Trustee),  notify the Trustee of such  Redemption
Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed. In
the  case  of any  redemption  of  Securities  prior  to the  expiration  of any
restriction  on such  redemption  provided  in the terms of such  Securities  or
elsewhere  in this  Indenture,  the Company  shall  furnish the Trustee  with an
Officer's Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

         SECTION 11.03. Election by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed.

         If less than all the  Securities of any series are to be redeemed,  the
particular  Securities  to be redeemed  shall be selected  not more than 90 days
prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding  Securities of
such series not previously called for redemption, substantially pro rata, by lot
or by any other method as the Trustee  considers fair and  appropriate  and that
complies with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if
any,  on which  such  Securities  are  listed,  and  which may  provide  for the
selection  for  redemption  of  portions   (equal  to  the  minimum   authorized
denomination for Securities of that series or any integral  multiple thereof) of
the principal amount of Securities of such series of a denomination  larger than
the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that series; provided that
in case the Securities of such series have different terms and  maturities,  the
Securities to be redeemed shall be selected by the Company and the Company shall
give notice thereof to the Trustee.

         The  Trustee  shall  promptly  notify  the  Company  in  writing of the
Securities  selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities  selected
for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

         For all  purposes  of this  Indenture,  unless  the  context  otherwise
requires,  all provisions  relating to the  redemption of the  Securities  shall
relate,  in the case of any Securities  redeemed or to be redeemed only in part,
to the portion of the principal  amount of such Securities  which has been or is
to be redeemed.



                                      -55-
<PAGE>

         SECTION 11.04. Notice of Redemption.

         Notice  of  redemption  shall  be given by  first-class  mail,  postage
prepaid,  mailed not less than 30 nor more than 45 days prior to the  Redemption
Date,  unless otherwise  provided in an indenture  supplemental  hereto, to each
Holder of  Securities to be redeemed,  at his address  appearing in the Security
Register.

         All notices of redemption shall state:

                  (1) the Redemption Date;

                  (2) the Redemption Price;

                  (3) if less than all the Outstanding  Securities of any series
         are to be redeemed,  the  identification  (and,  in the case of partial
         redemption,  the principal amounts) of the particular  Securities to be
         redeemed;

                  (4) that on the  Redemption  Date the  Redemption  Price  will
         become due and payable upon each such  Security to be redeemed  and, if
         applicable,  that  interest  thereon  will cease to accrue on and after
         said date;

                  (5) the  place  or  places  where  such  Securities  are to be
         surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price;

                  (6) that the  redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the
         case;

                  (7)  the  CUSIP  number,  if  any,  of  the  Securities  to be
         redeemed; and

                  (8) unless  otherwise  provided as to a  particular  series of
         Securities,  if at the time of  publication or mailing of any notice of
         redemption  the Company  shall not have  deposited  with the Trustee or
         Paying Agent and/or irrevocably directed the Trustee or Paying Agent to
         apply, from money held by it available to be used for the redemption of
         Securities,  an  amount  in  cash  sufficient  to  redeem  all  of  the
         Securities  called for redemption,  including  accrued  interest to the
         Redemption  Date,  such  notice  shall  state that it is subject to the
         receipt of the redemption  moneys by the Trustee or Paying Agent before
         the  Redemption  Date (unless such  redemption is  mandatory)  and such
         notice shall be of no effect unless such moneys are so received  before
         such date.

         Notice of  redemption  of  Securities to be redeemed at the election of
the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's  request,  by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

         SECTION 11.05. Deposit of Redemption Price.

         Prior to any  Redemption  Date,  the  Company  shall  deposit  with the
Trustee or with a Paying  Agent (or,  if the Company is acting as its own Paying
Agent,  segregate  and hold in trust as provided in Section  10.07) an amount of
money  sufficient to pay the Redemption


                                      -56-
<PAGE>

Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest  Payment Date)
accrued interest on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

         SECTION 11.06. Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

         Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid,  the Securities so
to be redeemed  shall,  on the  Redemption  Date,  become due and payable at the
Redemption  Price  therein  specified,  and from and after such date (unless the
Company  shall  default  in the  payment  of the  Redemption  Price and  accrued
interest) such  Securities  shall cease to bear interest.  Upon surrender of any
such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall
be paid by the Company at the Redemption  Price,  together with accrued interest
to the Redemption Date; provided,  however,  that installments of interest whose
Stated  Maturity is on or prior to the  Redemption  Date shall be payable to the
Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as
such at the close of business on the  relevant  Regular or Special  Record Dates
according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.07.

         If any  Security  called  for  redemption  shall  not be so  paid  upon
surrender  thereof for  redemption,  the principal (and premium,  if any) shall,
until  paid,  bear  interest  from the  Redemption  Date at the rate  prescribed
therefor in the Security.

         SECTION 11.07. Securities Redeemed in Part.

         Any Security  which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered
at an office or agency of the Company at a Place of Payment  therefor  (with, if
the  Company  or the  Trustee  so  requires,  due  endorsement  by, or a written
instrument of transfer in form  satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly
executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and
the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the
Holder of such Security  without service charge, a new Security or Securities of
the same series and Stated Maturity, of any authorized denomination as requested
by such Holder,  in aggregate  principal amount equal to and in exchange for the
unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered.


                                      -57-
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE XII

                                  SINKING FUNDS

         SECTION 12.01. Applicability of Article.

         The  provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund
for the retirement of Securities of a series,  except as otherwise  specified as
contemplated by Section 3.01 for Securities of such series.

         The minimum  amount of any sinking  fund  payment  provided  for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "MANDATORY  SINKING
FUND PAYMENT," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount  provided for by
the terms of  Securities  of any series is herein  referred  to as an  "OPTIONAL
SINKING FUND PAYMENT." If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash  amount of any sinking  fund  payment  may be subject to  reduction  as
provided in Section  12.02.  Each sinking  fund payment  shall be applied to the
redemption  of  Securities  of any  series  as  provided  for by  the  terms  of
Securities of such series.

         SECTION 12.02. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

         The  Company  (1) may deliver  Securities  of a series  (other than any
Securities  previously  called  for  redemption)  and (2) may  apply as a credit
Securities  of a series which have been  redeemed  either at the election of the
Company  pursuant to the terms of such  Securities or through the application of
permitted  optional  sinking  fund  payments  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  such
Securities,  in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment  with  respect to the  Securities  of such  series  required  to be made
pursuant to the terms of such  Securities  as provided  for by the terms of such
series; provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption  through  operation
of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

         SECTION 12.03. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

         Not less than 45 days prior to each  sinking  fund payment date for any
series of  Securities,  the Company  will  deliver to the  Trustee an  Officer's
Certificate  specifying the amount of the next ensuing  sinking fund payment for
that series pursuant to the terms of that series,  the portion thereof,  if any,
which is to be  satisfied  by payment of cash and the portion  thereof,  if any,
which is to be satisfied by delivering  and crediting  Securities of that series
pursuant to Section 12.02 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to
be so  delivered.  Not less than 30 days before each such  sinking  fund payment
date the Trustee  shall select the  Securities  to be redeemed upon such sinking
fund payment date in the manner  specified in Section  11.03 and cause notice of
the  redemption  thereof  to be given in the name of and at the  expense  of the
Company in the manner  provided in Section  11.04.  Such notice having been duly
given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the
manner stated in Sections 11.06 and 11.07.



                                      -58-
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE XIII

                       DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

         SECTION 13.01.  Applicability  of Article;  Company's  Option to Effect
Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

         Unless   pursuant   to  Section   3.01   provision   is  made  for  the
inapplicability  of  either or both of (a)  Defeasance  of the  Securities  of a
series under  Section 13.02 or (b) Covenant  Defeasance  of the  Securities of a
series under Section 13.03, then the provisions of such Section or Sections,  as
the case may be,  together with the other  provisions of this Article,  shall be
applicable to the  Securities of such series,  and the Company may at its option
by Board Resolution, at any time, with respect to the Securities of such series,
elect to have  either  Section  13.02  (unless  inapplicable)  or Section  13.03
(unless  inapplicable)  be applied to the Outstanding  Securities of such series
upon compliance with the applicable conditions set forth below in this Article.

         SECTION 13.02. Defeasance and Discharge.

         Upon the Company's  exercise of the option provided in Section 13.01 to
defease the Outstanding  Securities of a particular series, the Company shall be
discharged  from its obligations  with respect to the Outstanding  Securities of
such series on the date the applicable conditions set forth in Section 13.04 are
satisfied  (hereinafter,  "DEFEASANCE").  Defeasance shall mean that the Company
shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness  represented
by the Outstanding Securities of such series and to have satisfied all its other
obligations  under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities
are  concerned  (and the Trustee,  at the expense of the Company,  shall execute
proper  instruments  acknowledging  the  same);  provided,   however,  that  the
following  rights,  obligations,  powers,  trusts,  duties and immunities  shall
survive until otherwise  terminated or discharged  hereunder:  (A) the rights of
Holders of  Outstanding  Securities  of such series to receive,  solely from the
trust fund provided for in Section  13.04,  payments in respect of the principal
of (and premium,  if any) and interest on such Securities when such payments are
due,  (B) the  Company's  obligations  with  respect  to such  Securities  under
Sections 3.04,  3.05, 3.06,  10.02 and 10.07,  (C) the rights,  powers,  trusts,
duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (D) this Article.  Subject to
compliance  with this Article,  the Company may exercise its option with respect
to Defeasance under this Section 13.02 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its
option with respect to Covenant  Defeasance under Section 14.03 in regard to the
Securities of such series.

         SECTION 13.03. Covenant Defeasance.

         Upon the Company's  exercise of the option provided in Section 13.01 to
obtain a Covenant  Defeasance  with respect to the  Outstanding  Securities of a
particular series, the Company shall be released from its obligations under this
Indenture  (except its obligations  under Sections 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 5.06, 5.09,
6.10,  10.01,  10.02,  and 10.07) with respect to the Outstanding  Securities of
such series on and after the date the applicable conditions set


                                      -59-
<PAGE>

forth in  Section  13.04 are  satisfied  (hereinafter,  "COVENANT  DEFEASANCE").
Covenant Defeasance shall mean that, with respect to the Outstanding  Securities
of such series,  the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability
in respect of any term,  condition  or  limitation  set forth in this  Indenture
(except its obligations  under Sections 3.04,  3.05,  3.06,  5.06,  5.09,  6.10,
10.01,  10.02,  and  10.07),  whether  directly or  indirectly  by reason of any
reference  elsewhere herein or by reason of any reference to any other provision
herein  or in any  other  document,  and  such  omission  to  comply  shall  not
constitute an Event of Default under Section 5.01(3) with respect to Outstanding
Securities  of such  series,  and the  remainder  of this  Indenture  and of the
Securities of such series shall be unaffected thereby.

         SECTION 13.04. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

         The following shall be the conditions to Defeasance under Section 13.02
and Covenant  Defeasance  under  Section  13.03 with respect to the  Outstanding
Securities of a particular series:

                  (1) The Company shall  irrevocably have deposited or caused to
         be  deposited  with the  Trustee  (or another  trustee  satisfying  the
         requirements  of  Section  6.09  who  shall  agree to  comply  with the
         provisions  of this Article  applicable  to it),  under the terms of an
         irrevocable   trust   agreement  in  form  and   substance   reasonably
         satisfactory  to such Trustee,  as trust funds in trust for the purpose
         of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for,
         and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities,
         (A)  Dollars in an amount,  or (B) U.S.  Government  Obligations  which
         through the  scheduled  payment of  principal  and  interest in respect
         thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than the
         due date of any  payment,  money  in an  amount,  or (C) a  combination
         thereof, in each case sufficient,  after payment of all federal,  state
         and local  taxes or other  charges or  assessments  in respect  thereof
         payable by the Trustee, in the opinion of a nationally  recognized firm
         of independent public accountants  expressed in a written certification
         thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall
         be applied by the  Trustee  (or other  qualifying  trustee)  to pay and
         discharge,  (i) the  principal  of (and  premium,  if any, on) and each
         installment  of principal of (and premium,  if any) and interest on the
         Outstanding  Securities  of such series on the Stated  Maturity of such
         principal  or  installment  of  principal  or  interest  and  (ii)  any
         mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to the
         Outstanding Securities of such series on the day on which such payments
         are due and payable in accordance  with the terms of this Indenture and
         of such Securities.

                  (2) No  Default  or  Event  of  Default  with  respect  to the
         Securities  of such series shall have occurred and be continuing on the
         date of such deposit or shall occur as a result of such deposit, and no
         Default or Event of  Default  under  clause (4) or (5) of Section  5.01
         shall occur and be continuing,  at any time during the period ending on
         the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being  understood  that
         this condition  shall not be deemed  satisfied  until the expiration of
         such period).



                                      -60-
<PAGE>

                  (3) Such deposit,  Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not
         result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under,  any
         other  agreement  or  instrument  to which the Company is a party or by
         which it is bound.

                  (4) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not cause any
         Securities  of such  series  then  listed  on any  national  securities
         exchange registered under the Exchange Act to be delisted.

                  (5) In the case of an election with respect to Section  13.02,
         the Company  shall have  delivered  to the Trustee  either (A) a ruling
         directed to the Trustee  received from the Internal  Revenue Service to
         the effect  that the  Holders  of the  Outstanding  Securities  of such
         series will not recognize  income,  gain or loss for federal income tax
         purposes as a result of such  Defeasance and will be subject to federal
         income  tax on the same  amounts,  in the same  manner  and at the same
         times as would have been the case if such  Defeasance  had not occurred
         or (B) an Opinion of  Counsel,  based on such  ruling or on a change in
         the applicable federal income tax law since the date of this Indenture,
         in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall
         confirm that, the Holders of the Outstanding  Securities of such series
         will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes
         as a result of such  Defeasance  and will be subject to federal  income
         tax on the same  amounts,  in the same  manner and at the same times as
         would have been the case if such Defeasance had not occurred.

                  (6) In the case of an election with respect to Section  13.03,
         the Company  shall have  delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel
         or a ruling directed to the Trustee  received from the Internal Revenue
         Service to the effect that the Holders of the Outstanding Securities of
         such series will not recognize income,  gain or loss for federal income
         tax  purposes  as a  result  of such  Covenant  Defeasance  and will be
         subject to federal  income tax on the same amounts,  in the same manner
         and at the  same  times as would  have  been the case if such  Covenant
         Defeasance had not occurred.

                  (7) Such Defeasance or Covenant  Defeasance  shall be effected
         in compliance  with any  additional  terms,  conditions or  limitations
         which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant to
         Section 3.01.

                  (8)  The  Company  shall  have  delivered  to the  Trustee  an
         Officer's  Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
         conditions  precedent  provided for  relating to either the  Defeasance
         under Section 13.02 or the Covenant  Defeasance under Section 13.03 (as
         the case may be) have been complied with.

         SECTION 13.05. Deposited Money and Government Obligations To Be Held In
Trust.

         Subject to the provisions of the last  paragraph of Section 10.07,  all
money and Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with
the  Trustee (or other  qualifying  trustee--collectively  for  purposes of this
Section  13.05,  the  "Trustee")  pursuant  to  Section  13.04 in respect of the
Outstanding Securities of a particular series shall be held in trust and applied
by the Trustee,  in accordance  with the provisions of such  Securities and this

                                      -61-
<PAGE>

Indenture,  to  the  payment,  either  directly  or  through  any  Paying  Agent
(including  the  Company  acting as its own  Paying  Agent) as the  Trustee  may
determine,  to the Holders of such  Securities of all sums due and to become due
thereon in respect of principal  (and premium,  if any) and  interest,  but such
money need not be segregated  from other funds except to the extent  required by
law.

         The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or
other charge imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited
pursuant to Section  13.04 or the  principal  and  interest  received in respect
thereof,  other than any such tax,  fee or other  charge which by law is for the
account of the Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series.

         Anything in this Article to the contrary  notwithstanding,  the Trustee
shall  deliver to pay to the Company from time to time upon company  Request any
money or Government  Obligations  held by it as provided in Section 13.04 which,
in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written  certification  thereof delivered to the Trustee,  are in
excess of the amount  thereof  which would then be required to be deposited  for
the purpose for which such money or Government Obligations were deposited.


                                      -62-
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE XIV

                        SUBORDINATION OF DEBT SECURITIES

         SECTION 14.01. Agreement to Subordinate.

         The Company covenants and agrees,  and each Holder of Securities issued
hereunder,  by such Holder's acceptance thereof,  likewise covenants and agrees,
that all  Securities  shall be issued  subject to the provisions of this Article
XIV, and each Holder of a Security, whether upon original issue or upon transfer
or assignment thereof, accepts and agrees to be bound by such provisions.

         The payment by the Company of the  principal of,  premium,  if any, and
interest on all  Securities  issued  hereunder  shall,  to the extent and in the
manner  hereinafter set forth, be subordinated and junior in right of payment to
the prior  payment in full of all Senior  Indebtedness  of the Company,  whether
outstanding  at the  date of  this  Indenture  or  thereafter  incurred.  Senior
Indebtedness  shall  continue  to be Senior  Indebtedness  and  entitled  to the
benefits of this Article XIV  irrespective  of any  amendment,  modification  or
waiver of any term of such Senior Indebtedness.

         No provision of this Article XIV shall  prevent the  occurrence  of any
Default or Event of Default hereunder.

         SECTION 14.02. Default on Senior Indebtedness.

         In the  event  that  any  default  by the  Company  in the  payment  of
principal, premium, interest or any other payment due on any Senior Indebtedness
of the Company has occurred and is continuing  and any  applicable  grace period
with  respect to such default has expired and such default has not been cured or
waived or ceased to exist,  or in the  event  that the  maturity  of any  Senior
Indebtedness of the Company has been accelerated because of a default,  then, in
either  case,  no  payment  shall be made by the  Company  with  respect  to the
principal  (including  redemption and sinking fund payments) of, or premium,  if
any, or interest on the Securities.

         In the event that,  notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment shall be
received  by the  Trustee  when such  payment  is  prohibited  by the  preceding
paragraph of this  Section  14.02,  such payment  shall be held in trust for the
benefit  of,  and shall be paid over or  delivered  to,  the  holders  of Senior
Indebtedness or their respective representatives,  or to the trustee or trustees
under any indenture  pursuant to which any of such Senior  Indebtedness may have
been issued,  as their respective  interests may appear,  but only to the extent
that  the  holders  of the  Senior  Indebtedness  (or  their  representative  or
representatives  or a trustee)  notify the Trustee in writing  within 90 days of
such  payment of the amounts then due and owing on the Senior  Indebtedness  and
only the amounts  specified  in such notice to the Trustee  shall be paid to the
holders of Senior Indebtedness.



                                      -63-
<PAGE>

         SECTION 14.03. Liquidation; Dissolution; Bankruptcy.

         Upon any  payment  by the  Company  or  distribution  of  assets of the
Company of any kind or character,  whether in cash,  property or securities,  to
creditors upon any dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of
the Company,  whether  voluntary or involuntary  or in  bankruptcy,  insolvency,
receivership or other proceedings,  all amounts due upon all Senior Indebtedness
of the Company shall first be paid in full, or payment  thereof  provided for in
money in accordance with its terms, before any payment is made by the Company on
account of the principal  (and premium,  if any) or interest on the  Securities;
and upon any such  dissolution or winding-up or  liquidation or  reorganization,
any payment by the Company, or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind
or character,  whether in cash, property or securities, which the Holders or the
Trustee would be entitled to receive from the Company, except for the provisions
of this Article XIV, shall be paid by the Company or by any receiver, trustee in
bankruptcy,  liquidating  trustee,  agent or other Person making such payment or
distribution,  or by the  Holders  or by the  Trustee  under  the  Indenture  if
received by them or it,  directly to the holders of Senior  Indebtedness  of the
Company  (pro rata to such  holders  on the basis of the  respective  amounts of
Senior Indebtedness held by such holders, as calculated by the Company) or their
representative  or  representatives,  or to the  trustee or  trustees  under any
indenture pursuant to which any instruments  evidencing such Senior Indebtedness
may have been issued,  as their respective  interests may appear,  to the extent
necessary to pay such senior  indebtedness  in full, in money or money's  worth,
after giving  effect to any  concurrent  payment or  distribution  to or for the
holders of such Senior Indebtedness,  before any payment or distribution is made
to the Holders or to the Trustee.

         In the event  that,  notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  any  payment  or
distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash,
property or securities,  prohibited by the  foregoing,  shall be received by the
Trustee  before  all Senior  Indebtedness  of the  Company  is paid in full,  or
provision is made for such payment in money in accordance  with its terms,  such
payment or  distribution  shall be held in trust for the benefit of and shall be
paid over or  delivered  to the  holders of such  Senior  Indebtedness  or their
representative  or  representatives,  or to the  trustee or  trustees  under any
indenture pursuant to which any instruments  evidencing such Senior Indebtedness
may have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, as calculated by
the Company,  for  application to the payment of all Senior  Indebtedness of the
Company remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay such Senior Indebtedness
in full in money in  accordance  with its  terms,  after  giving  effect  to any
concurrent  payment or distribution to or for the benefit of the holders of such
Senior Indebtedness.

         For  purposes  of this  Article  XIV,  the  words  "cash,  property  or
securities"  shall not be deemed to  include  shares of stock of the  Company as
reorganized or readjusted, or securities of the Company or any other corporation
provided for by a plan of reorganization  or readjustment,  the payment of which
is subordinated at least to the extent provided in this Article XIV with respect
to the Securities to the payment of all Senior  Indebtedness of the Company that
may at the time be  outstanding,  provided that (i) such Senior  Indebtedness is
assumed by the new corporation,  if any, resulting from any such  reorganization
or readjustment,  and (ii) the rights of the holders of such Senior Indebtedness
are not, without the



                                      -64-
<PAGE>

consent of such holders,  altered by such  reorganization  or readjustment.  The
consolidation  of the Company with,  or the merger of the Company into,  another
corporation  or the  liquidation  or  dissolution  of the Company  following the
conveyance or transfer of its property as an entirety,  or  substantially  as an
entirety,  to another  corporation upon the terms and conditions provided for in
Article VIII of this Indenture  shall not be deemed a  dissolution,  winding-up,
liquidation  or  reorganization  for the purposes of this Section  14.03 if such
other corporation shall, as a part of such consolidation,  merger, conveyance or
transfer,  comply with the conditions  stated in Article VIII of this Indenture.
Nothing in Section  14.02 or in this Section  14.03 shall apply to claims of, or
payments to, the Trustee under or pursuant to Section 6.07 of this Indenture.

         SECTION 14.04. Subrogation.

         Subject  to the  payment  in full  of all  Senior  Indebtedness  of the
Company,  the rights of the  Holders  shall be  subrogated  to the rights of the
holders of such Senior  Indebtedness  to receive  payments or  distributions  of
cash,   property  or  securities  of  the  Company  applicable  to  such  Senior
Indebtedness  until the principal of (and  premium,  if any) and interest on the
Securities shall be paid in full; and, for the purposes of such subrogation,  no
payments or  distributions  to the holders of such  Senior  Indebtedness  of any
cash,  property  or  securities  to which the  Holders or the  Trustee  would be
entitled except for the provisions of this Article XIV, and no payment  pursuant
to the  provisions  of this  Article XIV to or for the benefit of the holders of
such  Senior  Indebtedness  by Holders or the  Trustee,  shall,  as between  the
Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company,
and the Holders of the  Securities,  be deemed to be a payment by the Company to
or on account of such Senior Indebtedness.  It is understood that the provisions
of this Article XIV are and are intended solely for the purposes of defining the
relative  rights of the  Holders  of the  Securities,  on the one hand,  and the
holders of such Senior Indebtedness on the other hand.

         Nothing contained in this Article XIV or elsewhere in this Indenture or
in the  Securities is intended to or shall impair,  as between the Company,  its
creditors other than the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company,  and the
Holders of the Securities,  the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and
unconditional,  to pay to the Holders of the  Securities  the  principal of (and
premium,  if any) and  interest  on the  Securities  as and when the same  shall
become due and  payable in  accordance  with their  terms,  or is intended to or
shall affect the relative  rights of the Holders of the Securities and creditors
of the Company,  other than the holders of Senior  Indebtedness  of the Company,
nor shall  anything  herein or therein  prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any
Security from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon
default under this Indenture,  subject to the rights, if any, under this Article
XIV of the holders of such Senior  Indebtedness in respect of cash,  property or
securities of the Company received upon the exercise of any such remedy.

         Upon any payment or distribution  of assets of the Company  referred to
in this Article XIV, the Trustee,  subject to the  provisions of Section 6.01 of
this Indenture,  and the Holders shall be entitled to conclusively rely upon any
order or  decree  made by any  court of  competent  jurisdiction  in which  such
dissolution,  winding-up, liquidation or reorganization proceedings are pending,
or a certificate of the receiver,  trustee in bankruptcy,  liquidation



                                      -65-
<PAGE>

trustee, agent or other Person making such payment or distribution, delivered to
the Trustee or to the  Holders,  for the  purposes of  ascertaining  the Persons
entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of Senior Indebtedness
and other  indebtedness of the Company,  the amount thereof or payable  thereon,
the amount or amounts paid or distributed  thereon and all other facts pertinent
thereto or to this Article XIV.

         SECTION 14.05. Trustee to Effectuate Subordination.

         Each Holder by such Holder's  acceptance of a Security  authorizes  and
directs  the  Trustee  on such  Holder's  behalf to take  such  action as may be
necessary  or  appropriate  to  effectuate  the  subordination  provided in this
Article XIV and appoints the Trustee such Holder's  attorney-in-fact for any and
all such purposes.

         SECTION 14.06. Notice by the Company.

         The Company shall give prompt written  notice to a Responsible  Officer
of the Trustee of any fact known to the Company  that would  prohibit the making
of any  payment of monies to or by the  Trustee  in  respect  of the  Securities
pursuant to the provisions of this Article XIV.  Notwithstanding  the provisions
of this Article XIV or any other provision of this Indenture,  the Trustee shall
not be charged with  knowledge of the existence of any facts that would prohibit
the  making of any  payment  of monies to or by the  Trustee  in  respect of the
Securities  pursuant to the  provisions of this Article XIV,  unless and until a
Responsible  Officer of the Trustee shall have received  written  notice thereof
from the Company or a holder or holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or
from any trustee  therefor;  and before the receipt of any such written  notice,
the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.01 of this Indenture,  shall
be  entitled  in all  respects  to assume  that no such facts  exist;  provided,
however,  that if the Trustee shall not have received the notice provided for in
this Section  14.06 at least two  Business  Days prior to the date upon which by
the terms  hereof  any money may  become  payable  for any  purpose  (including,
without  limitation,  the payment of the  principal of (or  premium,  if any) or
interest on any  Security),  then,  anything  herein  contained  to the contrary
notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and authority to receive such
monies and to apply the same to the purposes for which they were  received,  and
shall not be affected by any notice to the  contrary  that may be received by it
within two Business Days prior to such date.

         The  Trustee,  subject  to the  provisions  of  Section  6.01  of  this
Indenture,  shall be entitled to  conclusively  rely on the  delivery to it of a
written  notice  by a  Person  representing  himself  to be a holder  of  Senior
Indebtedness  of the  Company  (or a  trustee  on  behalf  of such  holder),  to
establish  that  such  notice  has  been  given  by  a  holder  of  such  Senior
Indebtedness or a trustee on behalf of any such holder or holders.  In the event
that the Trustee determines in good faith that further evidence is required with
respect to the right of any Person as a holder of such  Senior  Indebtedness  to
participate  in any payment or  distribution  pursuant to this  Article XIV, the
Trustee  may  request  such  Person  to  furnish   evidence  to  the  reasonable
satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of such Senior Indebtedness held by
such Person,  the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate in such
payment or  distribution  and any other  facts  pertinent  to the rights of such
Person under this  Article  XIV,  and, if such


                                      -66-
<PAGE>

evidence  is not  furnished,  the  Trustee  may defer any payment to such Person
pending  judicial  determination  as to the right of such Person to receive such
payment.

         SECTION 14.07. Rights of the Trustee; Holders of Senior Indebtedness.

         The  Trustee in its  individual  capacity  shall be entitled to all the
rights set forth in this  Article XIV in respect of any Senior  Indebtedness  at
any  time  held  by it,  to the  same  extent  as any  other  holder  of  Senior
Indebtedness,  and nothing in this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of
its rights as such holder.

         With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company,  the
Trustee  undertakes  to  perform or to observe  only such of its  covenants  and
obligations  as are  specifically  set forth in this Article XIV, and no implied
covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness
shall be read into this Indenture or against the Trustee.  The Trustee shall not
be deemed to owe any fiduciary  duty to the holders of such Senior  Indebtedness
and,  subject to the provisions of Section 6.01 of this  Indenture,  the Trustee
shall not be liable to any holder of such  Senior  Indebtedness  if it shall pay
over or deliver to Holders,  the Company or any other  Person money or assets to
which any holder of such Senior Indebtedness shall be entitled by virtue of this
Article XIV or otherwise.

         SECTION 14.08. Subordination May Not Be Impaired.

         No right of any present or future holder of any Senior  Indebtedness of
the Company to enforce  subordination as herein provided shall be at any time in
any way  prejudiced  or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the
Company or by any act or failure to act, in good faith,  by any such holder,  or
by any noncompliance by the Company with the terms,  provisions and covenants of
this  Indenture,  regardless of any  knowledge  thereof that any such holder may
have or otherwise be charged with.

         Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing  paragraph,
the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company may, at any time and from time
to time, without the consent of or notice to the Trustee or the Holders, without
incurring  responsibility  to the Holders and without impairing or releasing the
subordination  provided in this Article XIV or the obligations  hereunder of the
Holders of the Securities to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness, do any one
or more of the  following:  (i) change the manner,  place or terms of payment or
extend the time of payment of, or renew or alter, such Senior  Indebtedness,  or
otherwise  amend or  supplement  in any manner such Senior  Indebtedness  or any
instrument  evidencing  the  same  or any  agreement  under  which  such  Senior
Indebtedness is outstanding; (ii) sell, exchange, release or otherwise deal with
any property pledged,  mortgaged or otherwise securing such Senior Indebtedness;
(iii) release any Person liable in any manner for the  collection of such Senior
Indebtedness;  and (iv) exercise or refrain from  exercising  any rights against
the Company and any other Person.


                                      -67-
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE XV

                                  MISCELLANEOUS

         SECTION 15.01. Miscellaneous.

         This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts,  each of
which so executed shall be deemed to be an original,  but all such  counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed,  and their respective  corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and
attested, all as of the day and year first above written.


                                          WPS RESOURCES CORPORATION


                                          By:  _________________________________
                                               Name:
                                               Title:


Attest:


____________________________________
Name:
Title:

                                              __________________________________
                                              as Trustee


                                         By:  __________________________________
                                              Name:
                                              Title:

Attest:


____________________________________
Name:
Title:

                                      -68-

                                                                       EXHIBIT 5

                                FOLEY & LARDNER
                                ATTORNEYS AT LAW


CHICAGO                          FIRSTAR CENTER                      SACRAMENTO
DENVER                     777 EAST WISCONSIN AVENUE                  SAN DIEGO
JACKSONVILLE            MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN 53202-5367           SAN FRANCISCO
LOS ANGELES                 TELEPHONE (414) 271-2400                TALLAHASSEE
MADISON                     FACSIMILE (414) 297-4900                      TAMPA
MILWAUKEE                                                      WASHINGTON, D.C.
ORLANDO                                                         WEST PALM BEACH
                              WRITER'S DIRECT LINE
                                  414-297-5672

EMAIL ADDRESS                                              CLIENT/MATTER NUMBER
[email protected]                                                 086120-0642



                                 October 6, 1999


WPS Resources Corporation
700 North Adams Street
Green Bay, WI  54307-9008

Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:

         We have acted as counsel  for WPS  Resources  Corporation,  a Wisconsin
corporation (the "Company"),  in connection with the proposed  issuance and sale
from time to time  pursuant  to Rule 415 under the  Securities  Act of 1933 (the
"Securities  Act")  of  up  to  $400,000,000  of  senior  or  subordinated  debt
securities  of the  Company  (the  "Debt  Securities"),  to be  issued  under an
Indenture  dated as of October 1, 1999 (the  "Senior  Indenture"),  between  the
Company and Firstar  Bank,  National  Association  (the "Senior  Trustee") or an
Indenture (the "Subordinated  Indenture") to be entered into between the Company
and a Trustee (the  "Subordinated  Trustee"),  and/or  common stock (the "Common
Stock")  of  the  Company  with  attached  common  stock  purchase  rights  (the
"Rights").  The Debt  Securities  and  Common  Stock  with  attached  Rights are
collectively referred to herein as the "Securities.

         We have examined the Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company;
the By-laws of the Company,  the Senior  Indenture and the form of  Subordinated
Indenture filed as Exhibits to the Registration  Statement.  In addition, we are
familiar with the  proceedings by which such  instruments  and the  transactions
contemplated thereby were authorized by the Company.

         Based  upon and  subject to the  foregoing  and  assuming  that (i) the
Registration  Statement and any  amendments  thereto  (including  post-effective
amendments) will have become effective and comply with all applicable laws; (ii)
the Registration Statement will be effective and will comply with all applicable
laws at the time the  Securities  are offered or issued as  contemplated  by the
Registration  Statement;  (iii) a Prospectus  Supplement,  Pricing Supplement or
term sheet will have been  prepared and filed with the  Securities  and Exchange
Commission  describing the Securities  offered  thereby and will comply with all
applicable  laws; (iv) all Securities will be issued and sold in compliance with
applicable  federal and state  securities  laws and in the manner  stated in the
Registration  Statement and the  appropriate  Prospectus  Supplement;  and (v) a
definitive purchase,  underwriting,  agency or similar agreement with respect to
any  Securities  offered or issued  will have been duly  authorized  and validly
executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties  thereto,  we are of
the opinion that:



         1. the Company  has been duly  incorporated  and is a validly  existing
corporation under the laws of the State of Wisconsin.


<PAGE>

         2. with respect to Debt Securities to be issued under either the Senior
Indenture or Subordinated Indenture, when (A) the Senior Trustee or Subordinated
Trustee,  as applicable,  is qualified to act as Senior Trustee or  Subordinated
Trustee, as applicable, under the Senior Indenture or Subordinated Indenture, as
applicable,  (B) the Senior Trustee or Subordinated Trustee, as applicable,  has
duly executed and delivered the Senior Indenture or Subordinated  Indenture,  as
applicable,  (C) the Senior Indenture or Subordinated  Indenture, as applicable,
has been duly  authorized  and validly  executed and delivered by the Company to
the Senior  Trustee  or  Subordinated  Trustee,  as  applicable,  (D) the Senior
Indenture or  Subordinated  Indenture,  as  applicable,  has been duly qualified
under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, (E) the Board of Directors of
the Company or a duly  constituted and acting  committee  thereof (such Board of
Directors or committee being  hereinafter  referred to as the "Board") has taken
all  necessary  corporate  action to approve the issuance and terms of such Debt
Securities,  the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, and (F) such
Debt Securities have been duly executed, authenticated,  issued and delivered in
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Senior   Indenture  or  Subordinated
Indenture, as applicable,  and the applicable definitive purchase,  underwriting
or similar  agreement  approved by the Board upon  payment of the  consideration
therefor  provided for therein,  such Debt Securities will be validly issued and
will  constitute  valid and  binding  obligations  of the  Company,  enforceable
against  the Company in  accordance  with their  terms  (subject  to  applicable
bankruptcy,  insolvency,  reorganization,  fraudulent conveyance,  moratorium or
other  similar  laws in effect  and  subject to  general  principles  of equity,
regardless  of whether such  enforceability  is  considered  in a proceeding  in
equity or at law);

         3. with respect to shares of Common Stock,  when both (A) the Board has
taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance of and the terms of
the  offering  of the  shares  of  Common  Stock  and  related  matters  and (B)
certificates  representing  the shares of Common Stock have been duly  executed,
countersigned,  registered  and  delivered  in  accordance  with the  applicable
definitive  purchase,  underwriting or similar  agreement  approved by the Board
upon payment of the  consideration  therefor (not less than the par value of the
Common  Stock)  provided  for  therein,  then the shares of Common Stock will be
validly issued,  fully paid and nonassessable except with respect to debts owing
to employees of the Company for services  performed  for the Company as provided
in Section 180.0622(2)(b) of the Wisconsin Business Corporation Law and judicial
interpretation thereof; and

         4. The  Rights  attached  to the  shares of Common  Stock  when  issued
pursuant to the terms of the Rights  Agreement  dated  December 12, 1996 between
the Company and Firstar Trust Company will be validly issued.

         We  understand  that we may be referred  to, as counsel who have passed
upon the validity of the Debt Securities or the issuance of the Common Stock, on
behalf of the  Company,  in the  Prospectus  forming a part of the  Registration
Statement  on Form S-3  relating to the  Securities  and one or more  prospectus
supplements  filed with the Securities and Exchange  Commission  pursuant to the
Securities Act and one or more pricing supplements filed with the Securities and
Exchange  Commission  pursuant to the  Securities  Act, and we hereby consent to
such  use of our  name in  said  Registration  Statement  and to the use of this
opinion for filing with said Registration Statement as Exhibit (5) thereto.

                                   Very truly yours,

                                   /s/ Foley & Lardner

                                   Foley & Lardner

<TABLE>
                                             Exhibit 12

                                      WPS Resources Corporation
                               Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and
                     Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                            1999         1998
                                                      1998       1997      1996      1995       1994      6 months     6 months
                                                      ----       ----      ----      ----       ----      --------     --------
<S>                                                 <C>        <C>       <C>       <C>        <C>           <C>          <C>
EARNINGS
   Net income                                        46,631     55,809    52,885    60,634     58,122       32,793       28,417
   Federal and State income taxes                    23,445     31,106    27,216    34,023     32,602       17,502       15,019
                                                    -------    -------   -------   -------    -------       ------       ------

   Net pretax income                                 70,076     86,915    80,101    94,657     90,724       50,295       43,436

   Fixed charges                                     35,448     37,975    36,400    36,270     35,755       18,052       17,943
   Subtract preference dividend
      requirement                                    (5,232)    (5,233)   (5,235)   (5,235)    (5,235)      (2,599)      (2,618)
                                                    -------    -------   -------   -------    -------       ------       ------


      Total earnings as defined                     100,292    119,657   111,266   125,692    121,244       65,748       58,761

FIXED CHARGES
   Interest on long-term debt,
     incl. related amort                             23,987     26,273    25,494    26,839     27,404       12,741       12,722
   Other interest                                     4,827      4,910     3,922     2,677      1,856        1,981        1,953
   Interest factor applicable to rentals              1,402      1,559     1,749     1,519      1,260          731          650
                                                    -------    -------   -------   -------    -------       ------       ------
      Fixed charges before preferred
          dividend requirement                       30,216     32,742    31,165    31,035     30,520       15,453       15,325


      Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
           before preferred dividend requirement       3.32       3.65      3.57      4.05       3.97         4.25         3.83

   Preferred Dividends (gross-up)
      --     see below                                5,232      5,233     5,235     5,235      5,235        2,599        2,618

      Total fixed charges including
           Preferred Dividend                        35,448     37,975    36,400    36,270     35,755       18,052       17,943

      Ratio -- including Preferred Dividend            2.83       3.15      3.06      3.47       3.39         3.64         3.27

   _______________________________________________
   Preferred Dividends Calculation:

      Preferred Dividends                             3,132      3,133     3,134     3,134      3,134        1,556        1,567

      Tax Rate                                       40.135%    40.135%   40.135%   40.135%    40.135%      40.135%      40.135%
                                                     ------     ------    ------    ------     ------       ------       ------
      Preferred Dividends (grossed up)                5,232      5,233     5,235     5,235      5,235        2,599        2,618
</TABLE>

                    CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS


As independent  public  accountants,  we hereby consent to the  incorporation by
reference in this  registration  statement of our report dated  January 28, 1999
incorporated by reference in WPS Resources  Corporation's Form 10-K for the year
ended  December  31,  1998 and to all  references  of our firm  included in this
registration statement.

                                                        /s/ Arthur Andersen LLP

                                                        ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP


October 6, 1999
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

                                                                   Exhibit 24(a)


                                POWER OF ATTORNEY




KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS:

         That I, A. Dean  Arganbright , hereby  constitute  and appoint Larry L.
Weyers,  Ralph G. Baeten and Barth J. Wolf,  and each of them  individually,  my
true and lawful  attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution,  for me  and in my  name,  place  and  stead,  in  any  and  all
capacities,  to sign my name as a director of WPS  Resources  Corporation  (this
"Corporation")  to the  Registration  Statement on Form S-3, and any  amendments
(including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto, relating to public
offerings of debt  securities or Common Stock to be issued by this  Corporation,
and to file  said  Registration  Statement,  and any  amendment  (including  any
post-effective  amendment)  or  supplement  thereto,  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission in connection with the registration of such debt securities
and Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

         I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
or each of them,  have done or shall  lawfully  do by  virtue  of this  Power of
Attorney.

         IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 9th day
of September, 1999.


                                                     /s/ A. Dean Arganbright
                                                     A. Dean Arganbright


<PAGE>
                                                                   Exhibit 24(a)



                                POWER OF ATTORNEY




KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS:

         That I,  Michael S. Ariens , hereby  constitute  and  appoint  Larry L.
Weyers,  Ralph G. Baeten and Barth J. Wolf,  and each of them  individually,  my
true and lawful  attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution,  for me  and in my  name,  place  and  stead,  in  any  and  all
capacities,  to sign my name as a director of WPS  Resources  Corporation  (this
"Corporation")  to the  Registration  Statement on Form S-3, and any  amendments
(including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto, relating to public
offerings of debt  securities or Common Stock to be issued by this  Corporation,
and to file  said  Registration  Statement,  and any  amendment  (including  any
post-effective  amendment)  or  supplement  thereto,  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission in connection with the registration of such debt securities
and Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

         I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
or each of them,  have done or shall  lawfully  do by  virtue  of this  Power of
Attorney.

         IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 9th day
of September, 1999.


                                                     /s/ Michael S. Ariens
                                                     Michael S. Ariens


<PAGE>
                                                                   Exhibit 24(a)



                                POWER OF ATTORNEY




KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS:

         That I,  Richard  A. Bemis , hereby  constitute  and  appoint  Larry L.
Weyers,  Ralph G. Baeten and Barth J. Wolf,  and each of them  individually,  my
true and lawful  attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution,  for me  and in my  name,  place  and  stead,  in  any  and  all
capacities,  to sign my name as a director of WPS  Resources  Corporation  (this
"Corporation")  to the  Registration  Statement on Form S-3, and any  amendments
(including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto, relating to public
offerings of debt  securities or Common Stock to be issued by this  Corporation,
and to file  said  Registration  Statement,  and any  amendment  (including  any
post-effective  amendment)  or  supplement  thereto,  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission in connection with the registration of such debt securities
and Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

         I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
or each of them,  have done or shall  lawfully  do by  virtue  of this  Power of
Attorney.

         IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 9th day
of September, 1999.


                                                     /s/ Richard A. Bemis
                                                     Richard A. Bemis


<PAGE>
                                                                   Exhibit 24(a)



                                POWER OF ATTORNEY




KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS:

         That I,  Daniel A.  Bollom , hereby  constitute  and  appoint  Larry L.
Weyers,  Ralph G. Baeten and Barth J. Wolf,  and each of them  individually,  my
true and lawful  attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution,  for me  and in my  name,  place  and  stead,  in  any  and  all
capacities,  to sign my name as a director of WPS  Resources  Corporation  (this
"Corporation")  to the  Registration  Statement on Form S-3, and any  amendments
(including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto, relating to public
offerings of debt  securities or Common Stock to be issued by this  Corporation,
and to file  said  Registration  Statement,  and any  amendment  (including  any
post-effective  amendment)  or  supplement  thereto,  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission in connection with the registration of such debt securities
and Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

         I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
or each of them,  have done or shall  lawfully  do by  virtue  of this  Power of
Attorney.

         IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 9th day
of September, 1999.


                                                     /s/ Daniel A. Bollom
                                                     Daniel A. Bollom


<PAGE>
                                                                   Exhibit 24(a)




                                POWER OF ATTORNEY




KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS:

         That I,  Clarence R. Fisher , hereby  constitute  and appoint  Larry L.
Weyers,  Ralph G. Baeten and Barth J. Wolf,  and each of them  individually,  my
true and lawful  attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution,  for me  and in my  name,  place  and  stead,  in  any  and  all
capacities,  to sign my name as a director of WPS  Resources  Corporation  (this
"Corporation")  to the  Registration  Statement on Form S-3, and any  amendments
(including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto, relating to public
offerings of debt  securities or Common Stock to be issued by this  Corporation,
and to file  said  Registration  Statement,  and any  amendment  (including  any
post-effective  amendment)  or  supplement  thereto,  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission in connection with the registration of such debt securities
and Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

         I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
or each of them,  have done or shall  lawfully  do by  virtue  of this  Power of
Attorney.

         IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 9th day
of September, 1999.


                                                     /s/ Clarence R. Fisher
                                                     Clarence R. Fisher


<PAGE>
                                                                   Exhibit 24(a)




                                POWER OF ATTORNEY




KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS:

         That I, Robert C.  Gallagher , hereby  constitute  and appoint Larry L.
Weyers,  Ralph G. Baeten and Barth J. Wolf,  and each of them  individually,  my
true and lawful  attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution,  for me  and in my  name,  place  and  stead,  in  any  and  all
capacities,  to sign my name as a director of WPS  Resources  Corporation  (this
"Corporation")  to the  Registration  Statement on Form S-3, and any  amendments
(including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto, relating to public
offerings of debt  securities or Common Stock to be issued by this  Corporation,
and to file  said  Registration  Statement,  and any  amendment  (including  any
post-effective  amendment)  or  supplement  thereto,  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission in connection with the registration of such debt securities
and Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

         I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
or each of them,  have done or shall  lawfully  do by  virtue  of this  Power of
Attorney.

         IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 9th day
of September, 1999.


                                                     /s/ Robert C. Gallagher
                                                     Robert C. Gallagher


<PAGE>
                                                                   Exhibit 24(a)




                                POWER OF ATTORNEY




KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS:

         That I, Kathryn M.  Hasselblad-Pascale,  hereby  constitute and appoint
Larry  L.  Weyers,  Ralph  G.  Baeten  and  Barth  J.  Wolf,  and  each  of them
individually,  my true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of
substitution and resubstitution,  for me and in my name, place and stead, in any
and all capacities,  to sign my name as a director of WPS Resources  Corporation
(this  "Corporation")  to the  Registration  Statement  on  Form  S-3,  and  any
amendments  (including   post-effective   amendments)  or  supplements  thereto,
relating to public  offerings of debt securities or Common Stock to be issued by
this  Corporation,  and to file said Registration  Statement,  and any amendment
(including  any  post-effective  amendment)  or  supplement  thereto,  with  the
Securities and Exchange  Commission in connection with the  registration of such
debt securities and Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

         I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
or each of them,  have done or shall  lawfully  do by  virtue  of this  Power of
Attorney.

         IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 9th day
of September, 1999.


                                             /s/ Kathryn M. Hasselblad-Pascale
                                             Kathryn M. Hasselblad-Pascale


<PAGE>
                                                                   Exhibit 24(a)



                                POWER OF ATTORNEY




KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS:

         That I, James L.  Kemerling , hereby  constitute  and appoint  Larry L.
Weyers,  Ralph G. Baeten and Barth J. Wolf,  and each of them  individually,  my
true and lawful  attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution,  for me  and in my  name,  place  and  stead,  in  any  and  all
capacities,  to sign my name as a director of WPS  Resources  Corporation  (this
"Corporation")  to the  Registration  Statement on Form S-3, and any  amendments
(including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto, relating to public
offerings of debt  securities or Common Stock to be issued by this  Corporation,
and to file  said  Registration  Statement,  and any  amendment  (including  any
post-effective  amendment)  or  supplement  thereto,  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission in connection with the registration of such debt securities
and Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

         I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
or each of them,  have done or shall  lawfully  do by  virtue  of this  Power of
Attorney.

         IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 9th day
of September, 1999.


                                                     /s/ James L. Kemerling
                                                     James L. Kemerling


<PAGE>
                                                                   Exhibit 24(a)



                                POWER OF ATTORNEY




KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS:

         That I,  Larry L.  Weyers ,  hereby  constitute  and  appoint  Larry L.
Weyers,  Ralph G. Baeten and Barth J. Wolf,  and each of them  individually,  my
true and lawful  attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution,  for me  and in my  name,  place  and  stead,  in  any  and  all
capacities,  to sign my name as a director of WPS  Resources  Corporation  (this
"Corporation")  to the  Registration  Statement on Form S-3, and any  amendments
(including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto, relating to public
offerings of debt  securities or Common Stock to be issued by this  Corporation,
and to file  said  Registration  Statement,  and any  amendment  (including  any
post-effective  amendment)  or  supplement  thereto,  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission in connection with the registration of such debt securities
and Common Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

         I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents,
or each of them,  have done or shall  lawfully  do by  virtue  of this  Power of
Attorney.

         IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 9th day
of September, 1999.


                                                     /s/ Larry L. Weyers
                                                     Larry L. Weyers

                                                                   EXHIBIT 25(a)

                  Securities Act of 1933 File No.______________

                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

                                    FORM T-1
               --------------------------------------------------

                            STATEMENT OF ELIGIBILITY
                      UNDER THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939
                  OF A CORPORATION DESIGNATED TO ACT AS TRUSTEE
                      PURSUANT TO SECTION 305(b) (2) / X /
               --------------------------------------------------

                       FIRSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
               (Exact name of trustee as specified in its charter)
                    A National Banking Association     31-0841368
                                                       -----------
                                               (IRS Employer Identification No.)

              425 Walnut Street
              Cincinnati, Ohio                                 45202
              ------------------------------------------------------
              (Address of Principal Executive Offices)       (Zip Code)

                                 Robert T. Jones
                        Vice President and Trust Officer
                       Firstar Bank, National Association
                                425 Walnut Street
                             Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
                                 (513) 632-4427
           (Name, address, and telephone number of agent for services)
            ---------------------------------------------------------

                            WPS Resources Corporation
                            -------------------------
               (Exact name of obligor as specified in its charter)

                      WI                                   39-1775292
              ----------------------            -------------------------------
             (State of Incorporation)          (IRS Employer Identification No.)

           700 North Adams Street, Green Bay, WI                54301
         ----------------------------------------             --------
         (Address of principal executive offices)            (Zip Code)

          Indenture Senior Debt Securities Dated as of October 1, 1999
          ------------------------------------------------------------

                       (Title of the Indenture securities)

<PAGE>

1.   General Information.   Furnish the following information as Trustee --
     -------------------
     (a)  Name and address of each examining or  supervising  authority to which
          it is subject.
               Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, D.C.
               Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Ohio
               Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C.

     (b)  Whether it is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

               The Trustee is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

2.   Affiliations  with obligor.  If the obligor is an affiliate of the trustee,
     --------------------------   describe  each such  affiliation.
               The obligor is not an  affiliate  of the Trustee  (including  its
               parent and any affiliates).

3.-15.  N/A


16.  List of Exhibits.  List below all exhibits  filed as part of this statement
     ----------------   of eligibility.

     1.   Office of the Comptroller of the Currency Amendment Letter

     2.   A copy of the  Articles  of  Association  of  Firstar  Bank,  National
          Association, as now in effect

     3.   A copy of the  certificate  of authority of The First National Bank of
          Cincinnati  (now  Firstar  Bank,  National  Association)  to  commence
          business dated September 1, 1922.

     4.   A copy of the  authorization  of The First National Bank of Cincinnati
          (now Firstar Bank,  National  Association) to exercise corporate trust
          powers.

     5.   A copy of existing  By-Laws to Star Bank,  National  Association  (now
          Firstar Bank, National Association)

     6.   The  consent of the  Trustee  required by section 321 (b) of the Trust
          Indenture Act of 1939.

     7.   A copy of the latest  report of  condition of Firstar  Bank,  National
          Association,  published  pursuant  to law or the  requirements  of its
          supervising or examining authority.


                                                                               2
<PAGE>

                                    SIGNATURE

     Pursuant  to the  requirements  of the  Trust  Indenture  Act of 1939,  the
Trustee,  Firstar Bank,  National  Association,  a national banking  association
organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America,  has duly
caused  this  statement  of  eligibility  to be  signed  on  its  behalf  by the
undersigned,  thereunto duly authorized, all in the City of Cincinnati and State
of Ohio on the 27th day of September, 1999.


                                           FIRSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION


                                           By: /S/ Robert T. Jones
                                               Robert T. Jones
                                               Vice President and Trust Officer



                                                                               3
<PAGE>

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1
                                                                       ---------
Comptroller of the Currency
Administrator of National Banks

Central District Office
One Financial Place, Suite 2700
440 South LaSalle Street
Chicago, Illinois 60605

February 11, 1999

Mr. Richard J. Hidy
Vise president and
Deputy General Counsel
StarBanc Corporation
425 Walnut Street
P.O. Box 1038, ML 9140
Cincinnati, OH 45201-1038

Dear Mr. Hidy:

The  Office  of the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  has  received  your  letter
concerning the title change and the appropriate amendment to the bank's articles
of association.  The Office has recorded that as of February 12, 1999, the title
of Star  Bank,  National  Association,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Charter  No. 24, was
changed to "Firstar Bank, National Association."

As a result of the Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982, the OCC
is no longer responsible for the approval of national bank name changes nor does
it maintain  official records on the use of alternate  titles.  The use of other
titles or the  retention  of the  rights  to any  previously  used  title is the
responsibility  of the  bank's  board of  directors.  Legal  counsel  should  be
consulted  to determine  whether or not the new title,  or any  previously  used
title,  could be challenged by competing  institutions  under the  provisions of
federal and state law.

Sincerely,

/S/ David J. Rogers
National Bank Examiner


                                                                               4
<PAGE>
                                                                       EXHIBIT 2
                                                                       ---------

                       FIRSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
                       ----------------------------------
                                 CHARTER NO. 24
                                 --------------

                             ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
                             -----------------------

FIRST:  The  title  of  this  Association  shall  be  "Firstar  Bank,   National
Association".

SECOND:  The main office of the Association  shall be in the city of Cincinnati,
County of Hamilton, State of Ohio. The general business of the Association shall
be conducted at its main office and its branches.

THIRD: The Board of Directors of this Association shall consist of not less than
five (5) nor more  than  twenty-five  (25)  shareholders,  the  exact  number of
Directors within such minimum and maximum limits to be fixed and determined from
time to time by  resolution  of a majority of the full Board of  Directors or by
resolution of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof.  Unless
otherwise provided by the laws of the United States, any vacancy in the Board of
Directors for any reason,  including an increase in the number  thereof,  may be
filled by action of the Board of Directors.

FOURTH: The annual meeting of the shareholders for the election of Directors and
the  transaction  of whatever  other business may be brought before said meeting
shall be held at the main office or such other  place as the Board of  Directors
may designate,  on the day of each year specified thereof by the Bylaws,  but of
no election is held on that day, it may be held on any  subsequent day according
to the  provisions  of law;  and all  elections  shall be held  according to the
provisions  of law;  and all  elections  shall be held  according to such lawful
regulations as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors.

FIFTH:  The  authorized  amount of capital  stock of this  Association  shall be
3,640,000  shares of common stock of the par value of five dollars ($5.00) each,
but said  capital  stack may be increased  or  decreased  from time to time,  in
accordance with the provisions of the laws of the United States.

No holder of shares of the capital stock of any class of the  Association  shall
have any pre-emptive or preferential  right of subscription to any shares of any
class of stock of the Association,  whether now or hereafter  authorized,  or to
any obligations  convertible  into stock of the Association  issued or sold, nor
any right of  subscription  to any thereof other than such, if any, as the Board
of Directors,  in its  discretion,  may from time to time  determine and at such
price as the Board of Directors may from time to time fix.

The Association, at any time and from time to time, may authorize and issue debt
obligations,   whether  or  not  subordinated,   without  the  approval  of  the
shareholders.


                                                                               5
<PAGE>


SIXTH: The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members President of this
Association,  who shall be  Chairman  of the Board,  unless  the Board  appoints
another Director to be the Chairman. The Board of Directors shall have the power
to appoint one or more Vice Presidents;  and to appoint a Cashier and such other
officers  and  employees  as may be required to  transact  the  business of this
Association. The Board of Directors shall have the power to define the duties of
the officers and employees of the Association; to fix the salaries to be paid to
them;  to  dismiss  them;  to  require  bonds  from them and to fix the  penalty
thereof;  to  regulate  the manner in which any  increase  of the capital of the
Association  shall be made; to manage and administer the business and affairs of
the  Association;  to make all bylaws that it may be lawful for them to make and
generally  to do and  perform  all  acts  that it may be  legal  for a Board  of
Directors to do and perform.

SEVENTH:  The Board of  Directors,  without need for  approval of  shareholders,
shall  have  the  power to  change  the  location  of the  main  office  of this
Association, subject to such limitations as from time to time may be provided by
law;  and shall have the power to establish or change the location of any branch
or branches of the  Association to any other  location,  without the approval of
the  shareholders,  but  subject  to  the  approval  of the  Comptroller  of the
Currency.

EIGHTH:  The  corporate  existence  of this  Association  shall  continue  until
terminated in accordance with the laws of the United States.

NINTH:  The Board of Directors of this  Association,  the Chairman of the Board,
the President,  or any three of more shareholders owning, in the aggregate,  not
less  than  twenty-five  percent  of the stock of this  Association,  may call a
special meeting of shareholders at any time.  Unless  otherwise  provided by the
laws of the United  States,  a notice of the time,  place,  and purpose of every
annual and special  meeting of the  shareholders  shall be given by  first-class
mail,  postage  prepaid,  mailed  at least  ten  days  prior to the date of such
meeting to each  shareholder of record at his address as shown upon the books of
this Association.

TENTH: Any person, his heirs, executors,  or administrators,  may be indemnified
or reimbursed by the Association for reasonable  expenses  actually  incurred in
connection with any action, suit, or proceeding,  civil or criminal, to which he
or they shall be made a party by reason of his being or having  been a director,
officer,  or  employee  of the  Association  or of  any  firm,  corporation,  or
organization  which  he  served  in any  such  capacity  at the  request  of the
Association.  Provided,  however,  that no  person  shall be so  indemnified  or
reimbursed  in relation to any matter in such action,  suit, or proceeding as to
which he shall  finally be  adjudged  to have been guilty of or liable for gross
negligence, willful misconduct or criminal acts in the performance of his duties
to  the  Association.  And,  provided  further,  that  no  person  shall  be  so
indemnified  or  reimbursed  in relation to any matter in such action,  suit, or
proceeding  which has been made the subject of a  compromise  settlement  except
with the approval of a court of competent jurisdiction, or the holders of record
of a majority  of the  outstanding  shares of the  Association,  or the Board of
Directors,  acting by vote of Directors not parties to the same or substantially
the same action, suit or proceeding, constituting a majority of the whole number
of Directors. And, provided further, that no director, officer or employee shall
be so  indemnified  or  reimbursed  for  expenses,  penalties or other  payments
incurred in an administrative  proceeding or action instituted by an appropriate
bank regulatory  agency where said proceeding or action results in a final order

                                                                               6
<PAGE>


TENTH  (continued)  assessing  civil money  penalties or  requiring  affirmative
action  by an  individual  or  individuals  in the  form  of  payments  to  this
Association.  The foregoing right of  indemnification  shall not be exclusive of
other rights to which such person, his heirs, executors, or administrators,  may
be entitled as a matter of law. The Association  may, upon the affirmative  vote
of a majority of its Board of Directors,  purchase  insurance for the purpose of
indemnifying its directors, officers and other employees to the extent that such
indemnification is allowed in the preceding  paragraph.  Such insurance may, but
need not, be for the benefit of all directors, officers, or employees.

ELEVENTH: These Articles of Association may be amended at any regular or special
meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority
of the stock of this  Association,  unless the vote of the  holders of a greater
amount of stock is  required  by law and in that case by the vote of the holders
of such greater amount.


                                                                               7
<PAGE>

                                                                       EXHIBIT 3
                                                                       ---------
    COPY OF THE CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY OF THE TRUSTEE TO COMMENCE BUSINESS:

                                     NO. 24

E Pluribus Unum
                               TREASURY DEPARTMENT

                      Office of Comptroller of the Currency

                                             Washington, D.C., September 1, 1992

          WHEREAS, the Act of Congress of the United States,  entitled,  "An Act
to amend  section  5136,  Revised  Statutes  of the United  States,  relating to
corporate  powers of  associations,  so as to provide  succession  thereof for a
period of ninety-nine years or until dissolved,  and to apply said section as so
amended to all national banking association",  approved by the President on July
1, 1922, provided that all national banking associations organized and operating
under any law of the United States on July 1, 1922 should have succession  until
ninety-nine  years  from that date,  unless  such  association  should be sooner
dissolved by the act of its  shareholders  owning  two-thirds  of its stock,  or
unless its franchise  should become  forfeited by reason of violation of law, or
unless it should be terminated by an Act of Congress hereinafter enacted;

          NOW THEREFORE,  I, D. R.  Crissinger  Comptroller of the Currency,  do
hereby  certify that The First  National Bank of Cincinnati  and State of Ohio ,
was organized and operating under the laws of the United States on July 1, 1922,
and that its  corporate  existence  was extended  for the period of  ninety-nine
years from that date in accordance  with and subject to the condition in the Act
of Congress hereinbefore recited.

(SEAL)                        IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, witness my hand
                              & seal of office this first day of September, 1922

                              (Signed) D.R. Crissinger
                                       --------------------
                               Comptroller of the Currency


                                                                               8
<PAGE>

                                                                       EXHIBIT 4
                                                                       ---------

      THE AUTHORIZATION OF THE TRUSTEE TO EXERCISE CORPORATE TRUST POWERS:

                              FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD
                                Washington, D.C.
                                                                 October 9, 1919

     Pursuant to  authority  vested in the Federal  Reserve  Board by the Act of
Congress  approved  December  23,  1913,  known as the Federal  Reserve  Act, as
amended by the Act of September 26, 1918, the

                        FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CINCINNATI

has been granted the right to act, when not in  contravention  of State or local
law,  as  TRUSTEE,  EXECUTOR,  ADMINISTRATOR,  REGISTRAR  OF STOCKS  AND  BONDS,
GUARDIAN OF ESTATES,  ASSIGNEE,  RECEIVER OR IN ANY OTHER FIDUCIARY  CAPACITY IN
WHICH  STATE  BANKS,  TRUST  COMPANIES  OR OTHER  CORPORATIONS  WHICH  COME INTO
COMPETITION WITH NATIONAL BANKS ARE PERMITTED TO ACT UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE
OF OHIO. The exercise of such rights shall be subject to regulations  prescribed
by the Federal Reserve Board.

                             Federal Reserve Board,

                                     By W.P.G. Harding
                                            Governor.
ATTEST:
W.T. Chapman
Secretary.
                                  STATE OF OHIO
                         DEPARTMENT OF BANKS AND BANKING
                         Certificate of Authority No. 17
                                 NATIONAL BANKS

     I, Philip C. Berg,  Superintendent  of Banks,  do hereby  certify  that the
First National Bank of Cincinnati,  Hamilton County,  Ohio has complied with all
the requirements provided by law and is authorized to transact the business of a
trust company and to perform all the functions  granted to such companies by the
laws of this state.

               Given under my hand and official Seal at Columbus,
               Ohio, this twenty-fifth day of November, A.D. 1919

                                       Philip C. Berg,
                                       Superintendent of Banks.
(SEAL)


                                                                               9
<PAGE>

                                                                       EXHIBIT 5
                                                                       ---------
                                     BY-LAWS
                                     -------
                                 STAR BANK, N.A.
                                 ---------------
                                    ARTICLE I
                                    ---------
                            MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
                            ------------------------

SECTION 1.          ANNUAL MEETING
- ----------          --------------
The annual  meeting of  shareholders  shall be held in the main banking house of
the  Association  at 11:00 a.m. on the second  Tuesday in February of each year.
Notice of such meeting  shall be mailed to  shareholders  not less than ten (10)
nor more than sixty (60) days prior to the meeting date.

SECTION 2.          SPECIAL MEETINGS
- ----------          ----------------
Special  meetings of shareholders  may be called and held at such times and upon
such notice as is specified in the Articles of Association.

SECTION 3.          QUORUM
- ----------          ------
A majority of the  outstanding  capital stock  represented in person or by proxy
shall constitute a quorum of any meeting of the  shareholders,  unless otherwise
provided by law,  but less than a quorum may adjourn any  meeting,  from time to
time, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice.

SECTION 4.          INSPECTORS
- ----------          ----------
The Board of  Directors  may,  and in the  event of its  failure  so to do,  the
Chairman of the Board shall appoint  Inspectors of Election who shall  determine
the  presence  of a quorum,  the  validity  of  proxies,  and the results of all
elections  and all other matters  voted upon by  shareholders  at all annual and
special meetings of shareholders.

SECTION 5.          VOTING
- ----------          ------
In deciding on questions at meetings of shareholders,  except in the election of
directors,  each  shareholder  shall be  entitled  to one vote for each share of
stock held. A majority of votes cast shall  decide each matter  submitted to the
shareholders, except where by law a larger vote is required. In all elections of
directors,  each  shareholder  shall have the right to vote the number of shares
owned by him for as many  persons as there are  directors  to be elected,  or to
cumulate  such  shares  and give one  candidate  as many  votes as the number of
directors multiplied by the number of his shares equal, or to distribute them on
the same principle among as many  candidates as he shall think fit.


                                                                              10
<PAGE>
SECTION 6.          WAIVER AND CONSENT
- ----------          ------------------
The shareholders may act without notice and/or a meeting by a unanimous  written
consent by all shareholders.

                                   ARTICLE II
                                   ----------

SECTION 1.          TERM OF OFFICE
- ----------          --------------
The directors of this Association shall hold office for one year and until their
successors are duly elected and qualified.

SECTION 2.          REGULAR MEETINGS
- ----------          ----------------
The  organization  meeting  of the Board of  Directors  shall be held as soon as
practical  following  the annual  meeting of  shareholders  at the main  banking
house.  Other regular  meetings of the Board of Directors  shall be held without
notice at 11:00 a.m. on the second Tuesday of each month except February, at the
main banking house, or, provided notice is given by telegram,  letter, telephone
or in person to every  Director,  at such time and place as may be designated in
the notice of the  meeting.  When any  regular  meeting of the Board  falls on a
holiday,  the meeting shall be held on the next banking business day, unless the
Board shall designate some other day.

SECTION 3.          SPECIAL MEETINGS
- ----------          ----------------
Special  meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the
Board of the Association,  or at the request of three or more Directors.  Notice
of the time,  place and  purposes of such  meetings  shall be given by telegram,
letter, telephone or in person to every Director.

SECTION 4.          QUORUM
- ----------          ------
A majority of the entire  membership  of the Board shall  constitute a quorum at
any meeting of the Board.

SECTION 5.          NECESSARY VOTE
- ----------          --------------
A majority of those Directors  present and voting at any meeting of the Board of
Directors shall decide each matter  considered,  except where otherwise required
by law or the Articles or By-Laws of this Association.

SECTION 6.          COMPENSATION
- ----------          ------------
Directors,  excluding  full-time  employees  of the  Bank,  shall  receive  such
reasonable  compensation  as may be  fixed  from  time to time by the  Board  of
Directors.

SECTION 7.          ELECTION-AGE LIMITATION
- ----------          -----------------------
No person shall be elected or reelected a Director after reaching his seventieth
(70th)  birthday,  provided  that any person who is a Director on  December  10,
1985,  may  continue  to  be  reelected

                                                                              11
<PAGE>
SECTION  7.         ELECTION-AGE LIMITATION (continued)
- ----------          -----------------------
a Director until he reaches his seventy-fifth (75th) birthday.

SECTION 8.          RETIREMENT-AGE LIMITATION
- ----------          -------------------------
Every  Director  of the Bank  shall  retire no later  than the first  month next
following  his  seventieth  (70th)  birthday,  except  for any  person who was a
Director on December 10, 1985,  who shall retire not later that the first of the
next month following his seventy-fifth (75th) birthday.

SECTION 9.          DIRECTORS EMERITUS
- ----------          ------------------
The Board shall have the right from time to time to choose as Directors Emeritus
persons  who have had prior  service as members of the Board and who may receive
such compensation as shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors.

                                   ARTICLE III
                                   -----------
                                    OFFICERS
                                    --------

SECTION 1.          WHO SHALL CONSTITUTE
- ----------          --------------------
The Officers of the Association shall be a Chairman of the Board, a President, a
Secretary, and other officers such as Chairman of the Executive Committee,  Vice
Chairman of the Board, Executive Vice Presidents,  Senior Vice Presidents,  Vice
Presidents,  Assistant Secretaries,  Trust Officers,  Trust Investment Officers,
Trust Real Estate Officers,  Assistant Trust Officers,  a Controller,  Assistant
Controller,  an Auditor and  Assistant  Auditors,  as the Board may appoint from
time to time.  Any person may hold two offices.  The Chairman of the Board,  all
Vice  Chairmen of the Board and the  President  shall at all times be members of
the Board of Directors.

SECTION 2.          TERM OF OFFICE
- ----------          --------------
All  officers  shall be elected for and shall hold office for one year and until
their successors are elected and qualified, subject to the right in the Board of
Directors by a majority  vote of the entire  membership to discharge any officer
at any time.

SECTION 3.          CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
- ----------          ---------------------
The  Chairman of the Board shall have  general  executive  powers and duties and
shall  perform  such other  duties as may be  assigned  from time to time by the
Board of  Directors.  In  addition,  unless  the Board of  Directors  shall have
designated the President to be the Chief Executive Officer,  the Chairman of the
Board shall be the Chairman  Executive Officer and shall have all the powers and
duties of the Chief Executive  Officer.  He shall, when present,  preside at all
meetings of  shareholders  and directors and shall be ex officio a member of all
committees  of the Board.  He shall name all  members of the  committees  of the
Board, subject to the confirmation thereof by the Board.


                                                                              12

<PAGE>
SECTION 3.          CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD (continued)
- ----------          ---------------------
If he is Chief  Executive  Officer,  in the event that there is a vacancy in the
position  of  President  or in the event of the  absence  or  incapacity  of the
President,  the Chairman  may appoint,  or in the event of his failure to do so,
the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee thereof may designate any Vice
Chairman of the Board, any Executive Vice President or any Senior Vice President
of the Association  temporarily to exercise the powers and perform the duties of
the  Chairman  as  Chief  Executive  Officer  when the  Chairman  is  absent  or
incapacitated.

If the President has been  designated  Chief  Executive  Officer by the Board of
Directors, in the event that there is a vacancy in the position of the President
or in the event of the absence or  incapacity  of the  President,  the  Chairman
shall be the Chief  Executive  Officer of the Association and shall have all the
powers and perform all the duties of the President, including the powers to name
temporarily a Chief Executive Officer to serve in the absence of the Chairman.

SECTION 4.          PRESIDENT
- ----------          ---------
The President shall have general  executive  powers and duties and shall perform
such  other  duties  as may be  assigned  from  time  to time  by the  Board  of
Directors.  In addition, if designated by the Board of Directors,  the President
shall be the Chief Executive Officer and shall have all the powers and duties of
the Chief  Executive  Officer,  including  the same power to name  temporarily a
Chief  Executive  Officer to serve in the absence of the president if there is a
vacancy  in the  position  of the  Chairman  or in the event of the  absence  or
incapacity of the Chairman.

If the  Chairman has been  designated  Chief  Executive  Officer by the Board of
Directors,  in the event that there is a vacancy in the position of the Chairman
of the Board or in the event of the absence or incapacity of the Chairman of the
Board, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Association and
shall have all the  powers and  perform  all the duties of the  Chairman  of the
Board, including the same power to name temporarily a Chief Executive Officer to
serve in the absence of the President.

SECTION 5.          CHAIRMAN OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
- ----------          -----------------------------------
The Board of Directors shall have the power to elect a Chairman of the Executive
Committee. Any such Chairman of the Executive Committee shall participate in the
formation of the policies of the Association and shall have such other duties as
may be  assigned  to him from time to time by the  President  or by the Board of
Directors.

SECTION 6.          VICE CHAIRMEN OF THE BOARD
- ----------          --------------------------
The Board of Directors  shall have the power to elect one or more Vice  Chairmen
of the Board of Directors. Any such Vice Chairmen of the Board shall participate
in the  formation of the policies of the  Association  and shall have such other
duties as may be assigned to him from time to time by the  Chairman of the Board
or by the Board of Directors.


                                                                              13
<PAGE>

SECTION 7.          OTHER OFFICERS
- ----------          --------------
The Secretary and all other officers  appointed by the Board of Directors  shall
have such  duties as defined by law and as may from time to time be  assigned to
them by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors.

SECTION 8.          RETIREMENT
- ----------          ----------
Every  officer of the  Association  shall retire not later than the first of the
month next following his  sixty-fifth  (65th)  birthday.  The Board of Directors
may, in its  discretion,  set the retirement  date and terms of retirement of an
officer at a date later than provided above.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                                   ----------
                                   COMMITTEES
                                   ----------

SECTION 1.          EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
- ----------          -------------------
There shall be a standing committee of Directors in this Association to be known
as the Executive Committee. This Committee shall meet at 11:00 a.m. on the first
and fourth  Tuesday of each month.  It shall have all of the powers of the Board
of Directors  between meetings of the Board,  except as the Board only by law is
authorized to perform or exercise.  All actions of the Executive Committee shall
be reported to the Board of Directors.

In the event that any member of the  Executive  Committee  is unable to attend a
meeting of that  committee,  the Chairman of the Board or the President  may, at
his discretion, appoint another Director to attend said meeting of the Executive
Committee and for that meeting to serve as a member of the  Executive  Committee
with full power to act in place of the absent regular member of the committee.

SECTION 2.          COMPENSATION COMMITTEE
- ----------          ----------------------
There shall be a standing committee of directors of this Association to be known
as the Compensation Committee who shall review the compensation of all Executive
Officers and those  officers who  participate in the Profit Sharing Pool as well
as  fees  for  directors  of  the  Association.  They  will  recommend  specific
compensation arrangements to the Board of Directors for their confirmation.

SECTION 3.          COMMITTEE ON AUDIT
- ----------          ------------------
There shall be a standing committee of Directors of this Association to be known
as the Committee on Audit, none of whose members shall be active officers of the
Association.  This  Committee  shall  make  or  cause  to  be  made  a  suitable
examination of the affairs of the

                                                                              14
<PAGE>

SECTION 3.          COMMITTEE ON AUDIT (continued)
- ----------          ------------------
Association and the Trust  Department at least once during each period of twelve
months.  The  results of such  examination  shall be  reported in writing to the
Board at the next regular  meeting  thereafter  stating  whether the Association
and/or  Trust  Department  is in a sound  solvent  condition,  whether  adequate
internal  audit  controls  and  procedures  are being  maintained  and make such
recommendations as it deems advisable.

SECTION 4.          TRUST COMMITTEE
- ----------          ---------------
There shall be a standing committee of Directors of this Association to be known
as the Trust  Committee.  The Trust Committee  shall  determine  policies of the
Department and review actions of the Trust Investment Committee.  All actions of
the Trust Committee shall be reported to the Board of Directors.

SECTION 5.          TRUST INVESTMENT COMMITTEE
- ----------          --------------------------
There shall be a standing committee of this Association to be known as the Trust
Investment  Committee  composed  of  officers  of  the  Association.  The  Trust
Investment  Committee or such  officers as may be duly  designated  by the Trust
Investment Committee,  shall pass upon the acceptance of all trusts, the closing
out or relinquishment of all trusts and the making, retention, or disposition of
all  investments of trust funds in conformity  with policies  established by the
Trust Committee.  Actions of the Trust Investment Committee shall be reported to
the Trust Committee.

SECTION 6.          PENSION COMMITTEE
- ----------          -----------------
There shall be a standing committee of directors or officers of this Association
to be known as the  Pension  Committee,  who shall have the powers and duties as
set  forth  in the  Association's  Employees'  Pension  Plan.  A  report  of the
condition  of the  pension  fund  shall be  submitted  annually  to the Board of
Directors.

SECTION 7.          OTHER COMMITTEES
- ----------          ----------------
The Chairman may appoint,  from time to time, other committees for such purposes
and with such powers as he or the Board may direct.


                                                                              15

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE V
                                   ---------
                                      SEAL
                                      ----

SECTION 1.          IMPRESSION
- ----------          ----------
The following is an impression of the seal of this Association.


February 27, 1992
RESOLVED,  That  Article I,  Section 1,  Article  II,  Section 2 and Article IV,
Section 5 of the By-Laws of the Association be amended to state as follows:

                                    ARTICLE I
                                    ---------

SECTION 1.          ANNUAL MEETING
- ----------          --------------
The annual meeting of the  shareholders  shall be held in the main banking house
of the  Association  at 11:00 a.m. on the second  Tuesday in March of each year.
Notice of such meeting  shall be mailed to  shareholders  not less than ten (10)
nor more than sixty (60) days prior to the meeting date.

                                   ARTICLE II
                                   ----------

SECTION 2.          REGULAR MEETINGS
- ----------          ----------------
The  organizational  meeting of the Board of directors shall be held on the same
date as soon as practical  following the annual meeting of  shareholders  at the
main banking house.  Other regular  meetings of the Board of Directors  shall be
held without notice at 11:00 a.m. on the second Tuesday of June, September,  and
December,  at the main banking  house,  or,  provided  notice given by telegram,
letter,  telephone or in person to every Director, at such time and place as may
be  designated  in the notice of the  meeting.  When any regular  meeting of the
Board falls on a holiday, the meeting shall be held on the next banking business
day, unless the Board shall designate some other day.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                                   ----------

SECTION 5.          TRUST POLICY COMMITTEE
- ----------          ----------------------
There shall be a standing committee of this association to be known as the Trust
Policy  Committee  composed  of officers of the  Association.  The Trust  Policy
Committee  or  such  officers  as may be duly  designated  by the  Trust  Policy
Committee,  shall pass upon the  acceptance  of all  trusts,  the closing out or
relinquishment  of all trusts and the making,  retention,  or disposition of all
investments of trust funds in conformity with policies  established by the Trust
Committee.  Actions of the Trust policy committee shall be reported to the Trust
Committee.


                                                                              16
<PAGE>

                                                                       EXHIBIT 6
                                                                       ---------
                           THE CONSENT OF THE TRUSTEE
                         REQUIRED BY 321 (b) OF THE ACT


     Firstar Bank, National Association,  the Trustee executing the statement of
eligibility  and  qualification  to which this  Exhibit is attached  does hereby
consent that  reports of  examinations  of the  undersigned  by Federal,  State,
Territorial or District  authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the
Securities and Exchange  Commission upon request therefor in accordance with the
provisions of 321 (b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.


                                         FIRSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION



   September 27, 1999                    BY: /S/ Robert T. Jones
         Date                                -----------------------
                                             Robert T. Jones
                                             Vice President and Trust Officer


                                                                              17
<PAGE>

                                                                       EXHIBIT 7
                                                                       ---------

                        Consolidated Report of Condition
                               Firstar Bank, N. A.
                                for June 30, 1999


          All  schedules  are to be reported  in  thousands  of dollars.  Unless
     otherwise indicated,  report the amount outstanding as of the last business
     day of the quarter.
<TABLE>
                                  Balance Sheet
<CAPTION>
                                                                                     Dollar Amounts in
                                                                                        Thousands
<S>                                                                                               <C>
ASSETS
1. Cash and balances due from depository institutions
   a. Noninterest-bearing balances and currency and coin                                           $1,230,334
   b. Interest-bearing balances                                                                        63,430
2. Securities:
   a. Held-to-maturity securities                                                                     131,479
   b. Available-for-sale securities                                                                 3,348,238
3. Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell                             638,933
4. Loans and lease financing receivables:
   a. Loans and leases, net of unearned income                                                     15,955,793
   b. LESS: Allowance for loan and lease losses                                                       211,901
   c. LESS: Allocated transfer risk reserve                                                                 0
   d. Loans and leases, net of unearned income, allowance, and reserve                             15,743,892
5. Trading assets                                                                                       1,001
6. Premises and fixed assets (including capitalized leases)                                           361,606
7. Other real estate owned                                                                              5,321
8. Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies                                  5,689
9. Customers' liability to this bank on acceptances outstanding                                        13,419
10. Intangible assets                                                                                 797,761
11. Other assets                                                                                      964,742
12. Total assets                                                                                  $23,305,845
</TABLE>


                                                                              18
<PAGE>

                                                             EXHIBIT 7 continued
                                                             -------------------

                        Consolidated Report of Condition
                               Firstar Bank, N. A.
                           for June 30, 1999 Continued


          All  schedules  are to be reported  in  thousands  of dollars.  Unless
     otherwise indicated,  report the amount outstanding as of the last business
     day of the quarter.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                     Dollar Amounts in
                                                                                        Thousands
<S>                                                                             <C>               <C>
LIABILITIES
13. Deposits:
    a. In domestic offices                                                                        $17,348,305
       (1) Noninterest-bearing                                                   2,831,146
       (2) Interest-bearing                                                     14,517,159
    b. In foreign offices, Edge and Agreement subsidiaries, and IBFs                                   67,135
       (1) Noninterest-bearing                                                           0
       (2) Interest-bearing                                                         67,135
14. Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to                                 1,880,867
    repurchase
15. a. Demand notes issued to the U.S. Treasury                                                        93,837
    b. Trading liabilities                                                                                  0
16. Other borrowed money:
    a. With a remaining maturity of one year or less                                                  428,855
    b. With a remaining maturity of more than one year through three                                  350,835
       years
    c. With a remaining maturity of more than three years                                             101,550
17. Not applicable
18. Bank's liability on acceptances executed and outstanding                                           13,419
19. Subordinated notes and debentures                                                                 460,092
20. Other liabilities                                                                                 435,036
21. Total liabilities                                                                              21,179,931
22. Not applicable
23. Perpetual preferred stock and related surplus                                                           0
24. Common Stock                                                                                       89,800
25. Surplus [exclude all surplus related to preferred stock]                                        1,187,086
26. a. Undivided profits and capital reserves                                                         839,211
    b. Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale                                      9,817
       securities
    b. Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale                                          0
       securities
27. Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments                                                     0
28. Total equity capital                                                                            2,125,914
29. Total liabilities, limited-life preferred stock, and equity capital                           $23,305,845
</TABLE>


                                                                              19



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