INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR
MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR
THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE
UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS
OF ANY SUCH STATE.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED JANUARY 17, 1996
FEDERATED ASIA PACIFIC GROWTH FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
PROSPECTUS
The Class A Shares of Federated Asia Pacific Growth Fund (the "Fund") represent
interests in a diversified portfolio of World Investment Series, Inc. (the
"Corporation"), an open-end management investment company (a mutual fund). The
investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital. Any
income received from the portfolio is incidental. The Fund pursues its
investment objective by investing primarily in equity securities of Asian and
Pacific Rim companies.
THE CLASS A SHARES OFFERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF
ANY BANK, ARE NOT ENDORSED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY BANK, AND ARE NOT INSURED BY THE
FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER
GOVERNMENT AGENCY. INVESTMENT IN THESE CLASS A SHARES INVOLVES INVESTMENT RISKS,
INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF PRINCIPAL.
This prospectus contains the information you should read and know before you
invest in the Class A Shares of the Fund. Keep this prospectus for future
reference.
The Fund has also filed a Statement of Additional Information for Class A
Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares dated February 13, 1996, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. The information contained in the Statement
of Additional Information is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You
may request a copy of the Statement of Additional Information or a paper copy of
this prospectus, if you have received your prospectus electronically, free of
charge by calling 1-800-235-4669. To obtain other information or to make
inquiries about the Fund, contact your financial institution.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
Prospectus dated February 13, 1996
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES 1
- ------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION 2
- ------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT INFORMATION 2
- ------------------------------------------------------
Investment Objective 2
Investment Policies 3
Investment Limitations 13
NET ASSET VALUE 13
- ------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES 13
- ------------------------------------------------------
What Shares Cost 14
Special Purchase Features 17
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE 17
- ------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES 18
- ------------------------------------------------------
Special Redemption Features 20
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge 20
Elimination of Contingent Deferred
Sales Charge 20
ACCOUNT AND SHARE INFORMATION 21
- ------------------------------------------------------
CORPORATION INFORMATION 22
- ------------------------------------------------------
Management of the Corporation 22
Distribution of Class A Shares 23
Administration of the Fund 25
Expenses of the Fund and
Class A Shares 25
Brokerage Transactions 26
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 26
- ------------------------------------------------------
Voting Rights 26
TAX INFORMATION 26
- ------------------------------------------------------
Federal Income Tax 26
State and Local Taxes 27
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION 27
- ------------------------------------------------------
OTHER CLASSES OF SHARES 28
- ------------------------------------------------------
ADDRESSES 29
- ------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
CLASS A SHARES
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION EXPENSES
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Purchases
(as a percentage of offering price).......................................................... 5.50%
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
(as a percentage of offering price).......................................................... None
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption
proceeds, as applicable)(1).................................................................. 0.00%
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable)............................. None
Exchange Fee................................................................................... None
ANNUAL OPERATING EXPENSES
(As a percentage of projected average net assets)*
Management Fee (after waiver)(2)............................................................... 0.44%
12b-1 Fee(3)................................................................................... 0.00%
Total Other Expenses........................................................................... 1.41%
Shareholder Services Fee.......................................................... 0.25%
Total Operating Expenses(4)........................................................... 1.85%
</TABLE>
(1) Class A Shares purchased with the proceeds of a redemption of shares of an
unaffiliated investment company purchased or redeemed with a sales load and not
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. may be charged a contingent deferred
sales charge of 0.50% for redemptions made within one full year of purchase. See
"Contingent Deferred Sales Charge."
(2) The estimated management fee has been reduced to reflect the anticipated
voluntary waiver of a portion of the management fee. The adviser can terminate
this anticipated voluntary waiver at any time at its sole discretion. The
maximum management fee is 1.10%.
(3) Class A Shares have no present intention of paying or accruing the 12b-1 fee
during the fiscal year ending November 30, 1996. If Class A Shares were paying
or accruing the 12b-1 fee, Class A Shares would be able to pay up to 0.25% of
its average daily net assets for the 12b-1 fee. See "Corporation Information."
(4) The operating expenses are estimated to be 2.51% absent the anticipated
voluntary waiver of a portion of the management fee.
* Total operating expenses in the table above are estimated based on average
expenses expected to be incurred during the period ending November 30, 1996.
During the course of this period, expenses may be more or less than the
average amount shown.
The purpose of this table is to assist an investor in understanding the
various costs and expenses that a shareholder of Class A Shares will bear,
either directly or indirectly. For more complete descriptions of the various
costs and expenses, see "What Shares Cost" and "Corporation Information."
Wire-transferred redemptions of less than $5,000 may be subject to additional
fees.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXAMPLE 1 year 3 years
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ -------
<S> <C> <C>
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming (1) 5% annual
return and (2) redemption at the end of each time period........................... $ 78 $ 110
You would pay the following expenses on the same investment, assuming no
redemption......................................................................... $ 73 $ 110
</TABLE>
THE ABOVE EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR
FUTURE EXPENSES. ACTUAL EXPENSES MAY BE GREATER OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN. THIS
EXAMPLE IS BASED ON ESTIMATED DATA FOR THE CLASS A SHARES' FISCAL YEAR ENDING
NOVEMBER 30, 1996.
GENERAL INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Corporation was established under the laws of the state of Maryland on
January 25, 1994. The Corporation's address is Federated Investors Tower,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779. The Articles of Incorporation permit the
Corporation to offer separate series of shares representing interests in
separate portfolios of securities. As of the date of this prospectus, the Board
of Directors (the "Directors") has established three classes of shares for the
Fund, known as Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares. This
prospectus relates only to the Class A Shares (the "Shares") of the Fund.
Shares of the Fund are designed for individuals and institutions seeking
long-term growth of capital by investing primarily in equity securities of Asian
and Pacific Rim companies.
For information on how to purchase Shares of the Fund, please refer to "How to
Purchase Shares." The minimum initial investment for Class A Shares is $500.
However, the minimum initial investment for a retirement account is $50.
Subsequent investments must be in amounts of at least $100, except for
retirement plans which must be in amounts of at least $50.
In general, Class A Shares are sold at net asset value plus an applicable sales
load and are redeemed at net asset value. However, a contingent deferred sales
charge is imposed under certain circumstances. For a more complete description,
see "How to Redeem Shares."
In addition, the Fund also pays a shareholder services fee at an annual rate not
to exceed 0.25% of average daily net assets.
Information regarding the exchange privilege offered with respect to the Fund
and certain other funds for which affiliates of Federated Investors serve as
investment adviser or principal underwriter (the "Federated Funds") can be found
under "Exchange Privilege."
Investors should be aware of the following general observations. The Fund may
make certain investments and employ certain investment techniques that involve
risks, including, but not limited to, investing in non-U.S. issuers, entering
into repurchase agreements, investing in when-issued securities, lending
portfolio securities, and entering into futures contracts and related options.
These risks are described under "Investment Policies."
The Fund's current net asset value and offering price can be found in the mutual
funds section of local newspapers under "Federated Liberty Funds."
INVESTMENT INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund seeks to provide long-term growth of capital. Any income received from
the portfolio is incidental. The investment objective of the Fund cannot be
changed without the approval of the shareholders. While there is no assurance
that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by
following the investment policies described in this prospectus.
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in equity
securities of Asian and Pacific Rim companies. Under normal market conditions,
the Fund will invest at least 65% of its total assets in equity securities of
companies located in Asia and the Pacific Rim. The Fund may invest in securities
of issuers located in any country in Asia or the Pacific Rim where the
investment adviser believes there is potential for above-average capital
appreciation. Such countries may include, but are not limited to: Australia,
China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand,
Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and those
countries comprising the Indian sub-continent. The Fund may invest in other
countries in Asia and the Pacific Rim when their markets become sufficiently
developed, in the opinion of the investment adviser. The Fund intends to
allocate its investments among at least three countries at all times and does
not expect to concentrate investments in any particular industry.
Asian and Pacific Rim companies are defined as (i) those organized under the
laws of, or with a principal office located in, an Asian or Pacific Rim country
or (ii) those for which the principal securities trading market is in Asia or
the Pacific Rim or (iii) those, wherever organized or traded, which derived
(directly or indirectly through subsidiaries) at least 50% of their total
assets, capitalization, gross revenue or profit in their most current fiscal
year from goods produced, services performed, or sales made in Asia or the
Pacific Rim.
Unless indicated otherwise, the investment policies of the Fund may be changed
by the Board of Directors (the "Directors") without the approval of the
shareholders of the Fund. Shareholders will be notified before any material
change in these policies becomes effective.
ACCEPTABLE INVESTMENTS. The equity securities in which the Fund may invest
include common stock, preferred stock (either convertible or non-convertible),
sponsored or unsponsored depositary receipts or shares, and warrants, including
other substantially similar forms of equity with comparable risk characteristics
as well as other forms which may be developed in the future. Securities may be
purchased on securities exchanges, traded over-the-counter, or have no organized
market. The Fund may also purchase corporate and government fixed income
securities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars; enter into forward
commitments, repurchase agreements and foreign currency transactions; maintain
reserves in foreign or U.S. money market instruments and cash; and purchase
options and financial futures contracts.
COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK. Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company.
Generally, preferred stock has a specified dividend and ranks after bonds and
before common stocks in its claim on income for dividend payments and on assets
should the company be liquidated. After other claims are satisfied, common
stockholders participate in company profits on a pro rata basis; profits may be
paid out in dividends or reinvested in the company to help it grow. Increases
and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price, so
common stocks generally have the greatest appreciation and depreciation
potential of all corporate securities. While most preferred stocks pay a
dividend, the Fund may purchase preferred stock where the issuer has omitted, or
is in danger of omitting, payment of its dividend. Such investments would be
made primarily for their capital appreciation potential.
In selecting securities, the investment adviser typically evaluates industry
trends, a company's financial strength, its competitive position in domestic and
export markets, technology, recent developments and profitability, together with
overall growth prospects. Other considerations generally include quality and
depth of management, government regulation, and availability and cost of labor
and raw materials. Investment decisions are made without regard to arbitrary
criteria as to minimum asset size, debt-equity ratios or dividend history of
portfolio companies.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. The Fund may invest in foreign issuers by purchasing
sponsored or unsponsored securities representing underlying international
securities such as American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), American Depositary
Shares ("ADSs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global Depositary
Receipts ("GDRs"), Global Depositary Certificates ("GDCs"), and International
Depositary Receipts ("IDRs") or securities convertible into foreign equity
securities. ADRs and ADSs typically are issued by a United States bank or trust
company and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes referred to as Continental Depositary
Receipts ("CDRs"), GDRs, GDCs, and IDRs are typically issued by foreign banks or
trust companies, although they also may be issued by United States banks or
trust companies, and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by
either a foreign or a United States corporation. ADRs, ADSs, CDRs, EDRs, GDRs,
GDCs, and IDRs are collectively known as "Depositary Receipts." Depositary
Receipts may be available for investment through "sponsored" or "unsponsored"
facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the
security underlying the receipt and a depositary, whereas an unsponsored
facility may be established by a depositary without participation by the issuer
of the receipt's underlying security. Holders of an unsponsored Depositary
Receipt generally bear all the costs of the unsponsored facility. The depositary
of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute
shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or
to pass through to the holders of the receipts voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities.
DEBT SECURITIES. In pursuit of the Fund's objective of long-term growth of
capital, the Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in debt securities.
Capital appreciation in debt securities may arise as a result of favorable
changes in the creditworthiness of issuers, relative interest rate levels, or
relative foreign exchange rates. Any income received from debt securities is
incidental to the Fund's objective of long-term growth of capital. These debt
obligations consist of U.S. and foreign government securities and corporate debt
securities, including, but not limited to, Samurai and Yankee bonds, Eurobonds
and depositary receipts. The issuers of such debt securities may or may not be
domiciled in Asia or the Pacific Rim.
The debt securities in which the Fund may invest may be rated, at the time of
purchase, BB or lower by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("S&P") or Fitch
Investors Service, Inc. ("Fitch") or Ba or lower by Moody's Investors Service,
Inc. ("Moody's"), or, if unrated, are of comparable quality as determined by the
investment adviser. The prices of fixed income securities generally fluctuate
inversely to the direction of interest rates.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in convertible securities rated, at
the time of purchase, BB or lower by S&P or Fitch or Ba or lower by Moody's, or,
if unrated, are of comparable quality as determined by the investment adviser.
Convertible securities are fixed income securities which may be exchanged or
converted into a predetermined number of the issuer's underlying common stock at
the option of the holder during a specified time period. Convertible securities
may take the form of convertible bonds, convertible preferred stock or
debentures, units consisting of "usable" bonds and warrants or a combination of
the features of several of these securities. The investment characteristics of
each convertible security vary widely, which allows convertible securities to be
employed for a variety of different investment strategies. In selecting a
convertible security, the investment adviser evaluates the investment
characteristics of the convertible security as a fixed income investment, and
the investment potential of the underlying security for capital appreciation.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES. Due to restrictions on
direct investment by foreign entities in certain Asian or Pacific Rim markets,
investments in other investment companies may be the most practical or only
manner in which the Fund can participate in the securities markets of certain
countries in Asia and the Pacific Rim. The Fund may also invest in other
investment companies for the purpose of investing its short-term cash on a
temporary basis. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in the
securities of other investment companies. To the extent that the Fund invests in
securities issued by other investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear
its proportionate share of any fees and expenses paid by such companies, in
addition to the fees and expenses payable directly by the Fund.
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in restricted
securities. Restricted securities are any securities in which the Fund may
otherwise invest pursuant to its investment objective and policies but which are
subject to restrictions on resale under federal securities law. Restricted
securities may be issued by new and early stage companies which may include a
high degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial
losses. As a result of the absence of a public trading market for these
securities, they may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although
these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices
realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by the Fund,
or less than what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Further,
companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the
disclosure and other investor protection requirements which might be applicable
if their securities were publicly traded. If such securities are required to be
registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being
resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expense of registration. The Fund
will limit investments in illiquid securities, including certain restricted
securities not determined by the Directors to be liquid, over-the counter
options, swap agreements not determined to be liquid, and repurchase agreements
providing for settlement in more than seven days after notice, to 15% of its net
assets.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may invest in repurchase agreements. Repurchase
agreements are arrangements by which the Fund purchases a security for cash and
obtains a simultaneous commitment from the seller (usually a bank or
broker/dealer) to repurchase the security at an agreed-upon price and specified
future date. The repurchase price reflects an agreed-upon interest rate for the
time period of the agreement. The Fund's risk is the inability of the seller to
pay the agreed-upon price on the delivery date. However, this risk is tempered
by the ability of the Fund to sell the security in the open market in the case
of a default. In such a case, the Fund may incur costs in disposing of the
security which would increase Fund expenses. The investment adviser will monitor
the creditworthiness of the firms with which the Fund enters into repurchase
agreements.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase securities
on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. These transactions are arrangements
in which the Fund purchases securities with payment and delivery scheduled for
different times in the future. The seller's failure to complete these
transactions may cause the Fund to miss a price or yield considered to be
advantageous. Settlement dates may be a month or more after entering into these
transactions, and the market values of the securities purchased may vary from
the purchase prices. Accordingly, the Fund may pay more or less than the market
value of the securities on the settlement date.
The Fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if the investment
adviser deems it appropriate to do so. In addition, the Fund may enter into
transactions to sell its purchase commitments to third parties at current market
values and simultaneously acquire other commitments to purchase similar
securities at later dates. The Fund may realize short-term profits or losses
upon the sale of such commitments.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. In order to generate additional income, the
Fund may lend portfolio securities on a short-term or long-term basis, to
broker/dealers, banks, or other institutional borrowers of securities. The Fund
will only enter into loan arrangements with broker/dealers, banks, or other
institutions which the investment adviser has determined are creditworthy under
guidelines established by the Directors and will receive collateral in the form
of cash or U.S. government securities equal to at least 100% of the value of the
securities loaned at all times.
There is the risk that when lending portfolio securities, the securities may not
be available to the Fund on a timely basis and the Fund may, therefore, lose the
opportunity to sell the securities at a desirable price. In addition, in the
event that a borrower of securities would file for bankruptcy or become
insolvent, disposition of the securities may be delayed pending court action.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS. For temporary defensive purposes, when the investment
adviser determines that market conditions warrant (up to 100% of total assets)
and to maintain liquidity (up to 35% of total assets), the Fund may invest in
U.S. and foreign debt instruments as well as cash or cash equivalents, including
foreign and domestic money market instruments, short-term government and
corporate obligations, and repurchase agreements.
FORWARD COMMITMENTS. Forward commitments are contracts to purchase securities
for a fixed price at a date beyond customary settlement time. The Fund may enter
into these contracts if liquid securities in amounts sufficient to meet the
purchase price are segregated on the Fund's records at the trade date and
maintained until the transaction has been settled. Risk is involved if the value
of the security declines before settlement. Although the Fund enters into
forward commitments with the intention of acquiring the security, it may dispose
of the commitment prior to settlement and realize short-term profit or loss.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. The Fund will enter into foreign currency
transactions to obtain the necessary currencies to settle securities
transactions. Currency transactions may be conducted either on a spot or cash
basis at prevailing rates or through forward foreign currency exchange
contracts.
The Fund may also enter into foreign currency transactions to protect Fund
assets against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates or exchange
control regulations. Such changes could unfavorably affect the value of Fund
assets which are denominated in foreign currencies, such as foreign securities
or funds deposited in foreign banks, as measured in U.S. dollars. Although
foreign currency exchanges may be used by the Fund to protect against a decline
in the value of one or more currencies, such efforts may also limit any
potential gain that might result from a relative increase in the value of such
currencies and might, in certain cases, result in losses to the Fund. Further,
the Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the
relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations.
Cross-hedging transactions by the Fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation
between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions
relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability that
is the subject of the hedge.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS. A forward foreign currency exchange
contract ("forward contract") is an obligation to purchase or sell an amount of
a particular currency at a specific price and on a future date agreed upon by
the parties.
Generally, no commission charges or deposits are involved. At the time the Fund
enters into a forward contract, Fund assets with a value equal to the Fund's
obligation under the forward contract are segregated and are maintained until
the contract has been settled. The Fund will not enter into a forward contract
with a term of more than one year. The Fund will generally enter into a forward
contract to provide the proper currency to settle a securities transaction at
the time the transaction occurs ("trade date"). The period between trade date
and settlement date will vary between 24 hours and 60 days, depending upon local
custom.
The Fund may also protect against the decline of a particular foreign currency
by entering into a forward contract to sell an amount of that currency
approximating the value of all or a portion of the Fund's assets denominated in
that currency ("hedging"). The success of this type of short-term hedging
strategy is highly uncertain due to the difficulties of predicting short-term
currency market movements and of precisely matching forward contract amounts and
the constantly changing value of the securities involved. Although the
investment adviser will consider the likelihood of changes in currency values
when making investment decisions, the investment adviser believes that it is
important to be able to enter into forward contracts when it believes the
interests of the Fund will be served. The Fund will not enter into forward
contracts for hedging purposes in a particular currency in an amount in excess
of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency at the time the
contract was initiated, but as consistent with their other investment policies
and as not otherwise limited in their ability to use this strategy.
OPTIONS. The Fund may deal in options on foreign currencies, securities, and
securities indices, and on futures contracts involving these items, which
options may be listed for trading on an international securities exchange or
traded over-the-counter. The Fund may use options to manage interest rate and
currency risks. The Fund may also write covered call options and secured put
options to generate income or lock in gains. The Fund may write covered call
options and secured put options on up to 25% of its net assets and may purchase
put and call options provided that no more than 5% of the fair market value of
its net assets may be invested in premiums on such options.
A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and the writer the
obligation to sell, the underlying currency, security or other asset at the
exercise price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the
right to sell, and the writer the obligation to buy, the underlying currency,
security or other asset at the exercise price during the option period. The
writer of a covered call owns assets that are acceptable for escrow, and the
writer of a secured put invests an amount not less than the exercise price in
eligible assets to the extent that it is obligated as a writer. If a call
written by the Fund is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an
increase in the market price of the underlying asset over the exercise price
plus the premium received. In writing puts, there is the risk that the Fund may
be required to take delivery of the underlying asset at a disadvantageous price.
Over-the-counter options ("OTC options") differ from exchange traded options in
several respects. They are transacted directly with dealers and not with a
clearing corporation, and there is a risk of nonperformance by the dealer as a
result of the insolvency of such dealer or otherwise, in which event the Fund
may experience material losses. However, in writing options, the premium is paid
in advance by the dealer. OTC options, which may not be continuously liquid, are
available for a greater variety of assets, and with a wider range of expiration
dates and exercise prices, than are exchange traded options.
It is not certain that a secondary market for positions in options, or futures
contracts (see below), will exist at all times. Although the investment adviser
will consider liquidity before entering into these transactions, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist
for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. The Fund's
ability to establish and close out futures and options positions depends on this
secondary market.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES. The Fund may enter into futures contracts
involving foreign currency, securities, and securities indices, or options
thereon, for bona fide hedging purposes. The Fund may also enter into such
futures contracts or related options for purposes other than bona fide hedging
if the aggregate amount of initial margin deposits exclusive of the margin
needed for foreign currency hedging, on the Fund's futures and related options
positions would not exceed 5% of the net liquidation value of the Fund's assets,
provided further that in the case of an option that is in-the-money at the time
of the purchase, the in-the-money amount may be excluded in calculating the 5%
limitation. In addition, the Fund may not sell futures contracts if the value of
such futures contracts exceeds the total market value of the Fund's portfolio
securities. Futures contracts and options thereon sold by the Fund are generally
subject to segregation and coverage requirements established by either the
Commodities Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") or the Securities and Exchange
Commission ("SEC"), with the result that, if the Fund does not hold the
instrument underlying the futures contract or option, the Fund will be required
to segregate on an ongoing basis with its custodian cash, U.S. government
securities, or other liquid high grade debt obligations in an amount at least
equal to the Fund's obligations with respect to such instruments.
The Fund may enter into securities index futures contracts and purchase and
write put and call options on securities index futures contracts that are traded
on regulated exchanges, including non-U.S. exchanges, to the extent permitted by
the CFTC. Securities index futures contracts are based on indexes that reflect
the market value of securities of the firms included in the indexes. An index
futures contract is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or
make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the differences between the value of
the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at
which the index contract was originally written.
The Fund may enter into securities index futures contracts to sell a securities
index in anticipation of or during a market decline to attempt to offset the
decrease in market value of securities in its portfolio that might otherwise
result. When the Fund is not fully invested and anticipates a significant market
advance, it may enter into futures contracts to purchase the index in order to
gain rapid market exposure that may in part or entirely offset increases in the
cost of securities that it intends to purchase. In many of these transactions,
the Fund will purchase such securities upon termination of the futures position
but, depending on market conditions, a futures position may be terminated
without the corresponding purchases of common stock. The Fund may also invest in
securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser believes such
investment is more efficient, liquid, or cost-effective than investing directly
in the securities underlying the index.
An option on a securities index futures contract gives the purchaser the right,
in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a securities index
futures contract. The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on
securities index futures contracts in order to hedge all or a portion of its
investment and may enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to
written options in order to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee
that such closing transactions can be effected. The Fund may also invest in
options on securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser
believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than
investing directly in the futures contract or in the securities underlying the
index, or when the futures contract or underlying securities are not available
for investment upon favorable terms.
The use of futures and related options involves special consideration and risks,
for example, (1) the ability of the Fund to utilize futures successfully will
depend on the investment adviser's ability to predict pertinent market
movements; (2) there might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation,
between the change in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the
prices of the futures and options thereon relating to the securities purchased
or sold by the Fund. The use of futures and related options may reduce risk of
loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price
movements but they can also reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the
positive effect of favorable price movements in positions. No assurance can be
given that the investment adviser's judgment in this respect will be correct.
It is not certain that a secondary market for positions in futures contracts or
for options will exist at all times. Although the investment adviser will
consider liquidity before entering into these transactions, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist
for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. The Fund's
ability to establish and close out futures and options positions depends on this
secondary market.
New futures contracts, options thereon, and other financial products and risk
management techniques continue to be developed. The Fund may use these
investments and techniques to the extent consistent with its investment
objective and regulatory and federal tax considerations.
SWAP AGREEMENTS. As one way of managing its exposure to different types of
investments, the Fund may enter into interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and
other types of swap agreements such as caps, collars, and floors. Depending on
how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall
volatility of the Fund's investments, its share price and yield.
Swap agreements are sophisticated hedging instruments that typically involve a
small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of risks assumed. As a
result, swaps can be highly volatile and may have a considerable impact on the
Fund's performance. Swap agreements are subject to risks related to the
counterparty's ability to perform, and may decline in value if the
counterparty's creditworthiness deteriorates. The Fund may also suffer losses if
it is unable to terminate outstanding swap agreements to reduce its exposure
through offsetting transactions. When the Fund enters into a swap agreement,
assets of the Fund equal to the value of the swap agreement will be segregated
by the Fund.
RISK CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investing in non-U.S. securities
carries substantial risks in addition to those associated with domestic
investments. In an attempt to reduce some of these risks, the Fund intends to
diversify its investments broadly among foreign countries which may include both
developed and developing countries.
The Fund may take advantage of the unusual opportunities for higher returns
available from investing in developing countries. These investments carry
considerably more volatility and risk because they generally are associated with
less mature economies and less stable political systems.
The economies of foreign countries may differ from the U.S. economy in such
respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency
depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of
payments position. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are
heavily dependent on international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may
continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed
adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures
imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies
also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic
conditions in the countries with which they trade.
Prior governmental approval for foreign investments may be required under
certain circumstances in some countries, and the extent of foreign investment in
certain debt securities and domestic companies may be subject to limitation.
Foreign ownership limitations also may be imposed by the charters of individual
companies to prevent, among other concerns, violation of foreign investment
limitations.
Repatriation of investment income, capital, and the proceeds of sales by foreign
investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some
countries. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to
grant, any required governmental registration or approval for such repatriation.
Any investment subject to such repatriation controls will be considered illiquid
if it appears reasonably likely that this process will take more than seven
days.
With respect to any foreign country, there is the possibility of
nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political changes,
governmental regulation, social instability or diplomatic developments
(including war) which could affect adversely the economies of such countries or
the value of the Fund's investments in those countries. In addition, it may be
difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in a court outside of the United
States.
Brokerage commissions, custodial services, and other costs relating to
investment may be more expensive than in the United States. Foreign markets may
have different clearance and settlement procedures such as requiring payment for
securities before delivery. In certain markets there have been times when
settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities
transactions,
making it difficult to conduct such transactions. The inability of the Fund to
make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund
to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of a portfolio
security due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund
due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio security or, if the Fund
has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible
liability to the purchaser.
CURRENCY RISKS. Because the majority of the securities purchased by the
Fund are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, changes in
foreign currency exchange rates will affect the Fund's net asset value; the
value of interest earned; gains and losses realized on the sale of
securities; and net investment income and capital gain, if any, to be
distributed to shareholders by the Fund. If the value of a foreign currency
rises against the U.S. dollar, the value of Fund assets denominated in the
currency will increase; correspondingly, if the value of a foreign currency
declines against the U.S. dollar the value of Fund assets denominated in
that currency will decrease. Under the United States Internal Revenue Code,
as amended (the "Code"), the Fund is required to separately account for the
foreign currency component of gains or losses, which will usually be viewed
under the Code as items of ordinary and distributable income or loss, thus
affecting the Fund's distributable income. (See "Federal Income Tax").
The exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies are a
function of such factors as supply and demand in the currency exchange
markets, international balances of payments, governmental intervention,
speculation and other economic and political conditions. Although the Fund
values its assets daily in U.S. dollars, the Fund will not convert its
holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars daily. When the Fund
converts its holdings to another currency, it may incur conversion costs.
Foreign exchange dealers may realize a profit on the difference between the
price at which they buy and sell currencies.
FOREIGN COMPANIES. Other differences between investing in foreign and U.S.
companies include:
- less publicly available information about foreign issuers;
- credit risks associated with certain foreign governments;
- the lack of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting
standards and practices or regulatory requirements comparable to those
applicable to U.S. companies;
- less readily available market quotations on foreign issues;
- differences in government regulation and supervision of foreign stock
exchanges, brokers, listed companies, and banks;
- differences in legal systems which may affect the ability to enforce
contractual obligations or obtain court judgments;
- the limited size of many foreign securities markets and limited
trading volume in issuers compared to the volume of trading in U.S.
securities could cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from
factors that affect the quality of securities;
- the likelihood that securities of foreign issuers may be less liquid
or more volatile;
- foreign brokerage commissions may be higher;
- unreliable mail service between countries;
- political or financial changes which adversely affect investments in
some countries;
- increased risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or
loss of certificates for portfolio securities;
- certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery;
- religious and ethnic instability; and
- certain national policies which may restrict the Fund's investment
opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or
industries deemed sensitive to national interests.
U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICIES. In the past, U.S. government policies have
discouraged or restricted certain investments abroad by investors such as
the Fund. Investors are advised that when such policies are instituted, the
Fund will abide by them.
INVESTING IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC RIM. The Fund is susceptible to political and
economic factors affecting issuers in Asian and Pacific Rim countries. Many of
the countries of Asia and the Pacific Rim are developing both economically and
politically. Asian and Pacific Rim countries may have relatively unstable
governments, economies based on only a few commodities or industries, and
securities markets trading infrequently or in low volumes. Some Asian and
Pacific Rim countries restrict the extent to which foreigners may invest in
their securities markets. Securities of issuers located in some Asian and
Pacific Rim countries tend to have volatile prices and may offer significant
potential for loss as well as gain. Further, certain companies in Asia and the
Pacific Rim may not have firmly established product markets, may lack depth of
management, or may be more vulnerable to political or economic developments such
as nationalization of their own industries.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO INVESTING IN HIGH YIELD SECURITIES. The debt securities
in which the Fund invests are usually not in the three highest rating categories
of a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (AAA, AA, or A for
S&P or Fitch and Aaa, Aa, or A for Moody's), but are in the lower rating
categories or are unrated, but are of comparable quality and have speculative
characteristics or are speculative. Lower-rated bonds or unrated bonds are
commonly referred to as "junk bonds." There is no minimal acceptable rating for
a security to be purchased or held in the Fund's portfolio, and the Fund may,
from time to time, purchase or hold debt securities rated in the lowest rating
category. A description of the rating categories is contained in the Appendix to
the Statement of Additional Information.
Debt obligations that are not determined to be investment grade are high-yield,
high-risk bonds, typically subject to greater market fluctuations and greater
risk of loss of income and principal due to an issuer's default. To a greater
extent than investment grade bonds, lower-rated bonds tend to reflect short-term
corporate, economic, and market developments, as well as investor perceptions of
the issuer's credit quality. In addition, lower-rated bonds may be more
difficult to dispose of or to value than higher-rated, lower-yielding bonds.
The Fund's investment adviser attempts to reduce the risks described above
through diversification of the portfolio and by credit analysis of each issuer
as well as by monitoring broad economic trends and corporate and legislative
developments.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The Fund will not:
- borrow money directly or through reverse repurchase agreements
(arrangements in which the Fund sells a portfolio instrument for a
percentage of its cash value with an agreement to buy it back on a set
date) or pledge securities except, under certain circumstances, the Fund
may borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets and pledge
its assets to secure such borrowings; or
- with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of the value
of its total assets in securities of any one issuer (other than cash,
cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government and
its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities) or acquire more than 10% of the
outstanding voting securities of any one issuer.
The above investment limitations cannot be changed without shareholder approval.
NET ASSET VALUE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund's net asset value per Share fluctuates. The net asset value for Shares
is determined by adding the interest of Class A Shares in the market value of
all securities and other assets of the Fund, subtracting the interest of Class A
Shares in the liabilities of the Fund and those attributable to Class A Shares,
and dividing the remainder by the total number of Class A Shares outstanding.
The net asset value for Class A Shares may differ from that of Class B Shares
and Class C Shares due to the variance in daily net income realized by each
class. Such variance will reflect only accrued net income to which the
shareholders of a particular class are entitled.
The net asset value is determined as of the close of trading (normally 4:00
p.m., Eastern time) on the New York Stock Exchange, Monday through Friday,
except on: (i) days on which there are not sufficient changes in the value of
the Fund's portfolio securities that its net asset value might be materially
affected; (ii) days during which no Shares are tendered for redemption and no
orders to purchase Shares are received; or (iii) the following holidays: New
Year's Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor
Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares of the Fund are sold on days on which the New York Stock Exchange is
open. Shares of the Fund may be purchased as described below, either through a
financial institution (such as a bank or broker/dealer which has a sales
agreement with the distributor) or by wire or by check directly to the Fund,
with a minimum initial investment of $500. Additional investments can be made
for as little as $100. The minimum initial and subsequent investment for
retirement plans is only $50. (Financial institutions may impose different
minimum investment requirements on their customers.)
In connection with any sale, Federated Securities Corp. may from time to time
offer certain items of nominal value to any shareholder or investor. The Fund
reserves the right to reject any purchase
request. An account must be established at a financial institution or by
completing, signing, and returning the new account form available from the Fund
before Shares can be purchased.
WHAT SHARES COST
Shares are sold at their net asset value next determined after an order is
received, plus a sales load as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SALES LOAD AS DEALER
SALES LOAD AS A PERCENTAGE CONCESSION
A PERCENTAGE OF NET AS A PERCENTAGE
OF OFFERING AMOUNT OF PUBLIC
AMOUNT OF TRANSACTION PRICE INVESTED OFFERING PRICE
- ---------------------------------------------- ------------- ------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Less than $50,000............................. 5.50% 5.82% 5.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000................ 4.50% 4.71% 4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000............... 3.75% 3.90% 3.25%
$250,000 but less than $500,000............... 2.50% 2.56% 2.25%
$500,000 but less than $1 million............. 2.00% 2.04% 1.80%
$1 million or greater......................... 0.00% 0.00% 0.25%*
</TABLE>
* See sub-section entitled "Dealer Concession."
No sales load is imposed for Shares purchased through bank trust departments,
investment advisers registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as
amended, or retirement plans where the third party administrator has entered
into certain arrangements with Federated Securities Corp. or its affiliates, or
to shareholders designated as Liberty Life Members. However, investors who
purchase Shares through a trust department, investment adviser, or retirement
plan may be charged an additional service fee by the institution. Additionally,
no sales load is imposed for Shares purchased through "wrap accounts" or similar
programs, under which clients pay a fee or fees for services.
DEALER CONCESSION. For sales of Shares, a dealer will normally receive up to 90%
of the applicable sales load. Any portion of the sales load which is not paid to
a dealer will be retained by the distributor. However, the distributor may offer
to pay dealers up to 100% of the sales load retained by it. Such payments may
take the form of cash or promotional incentives, such as reimbursement of
certain expenses of qualified employees and their spouses to attend
informational meetings about the Fund or other special events at
recreational-type facilities, or items of material value. In some instances,
these incentives will be made available only to dealers whose employees have
sold or may sell a significant amount of Shares. On purchases of $1 million or
more, the investor pays no sales load; however, the distributor will make twelve
monthly payments to the dealer totaling 0.25% of the public offering price over
the first year following the purchase. Such payments are based on the original
purchase price of Shares outstanding at each month end.
The sales load for Shares sold other than through registered broker/dealers will
be retained by Federated Securities Corp. Federated Securities Corp. may pay
fees to banks out of the sales load in exchange for sales and/or administrative
services performed on behalf of the bank's customers in connection with the
initiation of customer accounts and purchases of Shares.
REDUCING OR ELIMINATING THE SALES LOAD. The sales load can be reduced or
eliminated on the purchase of Shares through:
- quantity discounts and accumulated purchases;
- concurrent purchases;
- signing a 13-month letter of intent;
- using the reinvestment privilege; or
- purchases with proceeds from redemptions of unaffiliated investment
company shares.
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AND ACCUMULATED PURCHASES. As shown in the table above,
larger purchases reduce the sales load paid. The Fund will combine purchases of
Shares made on the same day by the investor, the investor's spouse, and the
investor's children under age 21 when it calculates the sales load. In addition,
the sales load, if applicable, is reduced for purchases made at one time by a
trustee or fiduciary for a single trust estate or a single fiduciary account.
If an additional purchase of Shares is made, the Fund will consider the previous
purchases still invested in the Fund. For example, if a shareholder already owns
Shares having a current value at the public offering price of $30,000 and he
purchases $20,000 more at the current public offering price, the sales load on
the additional purchase according to the schedule now in effect would be 4.50%,
not 5.50%.
To receive the sales load reduction, Federated Securities Corp. must be notified
by the shareholder in writing or by his financial institution at the time the
purchase is made that Shares are already owned or that purchases are being
combined. The Fund will reduce the sales load after it confirms the purchases.
CONCURRENT PURCHASES. For purposes of qualifying for a sales load reduction, a
shareholder has the privilege of combining concurrent purchases of two or more
funds in the Federated Funds, the purchase price of which includes a sales load.
For example, if a shareholder concurrently invested $30,000 in one of the other
funds in the Federated Funds with a sales load, and $20,000 in this Fund, the
sales load would be reduced.
To receive this sales load reduction, Federated Securities Corp. must be
notified by the shareholder in writing or by his financial institution at the
time the concurrent purchases are made. The Fund will reduce the sales load
after it confirms the purchases.
LETTER OF INTENT. If a shareholder intends to purchase at least $50,000 of
shares of the funds in the Federated Funds (excluding money market funds) over
the next 13 months, the sales load may be reduced by signing a letter of intent
to that effect. This letter of intent includes a provision for a sales load
adjustment depending on the amount actually purchased within the 13-month period
and a provision for the custodian to hold up to 5.50% of the total amount
intended to be purchased in escrow (in Shares) until such purchase is completed.
The Shares held in escrow in the shareholder's account will be released upon
fulfillment of the letter of intent or the end of the 13-month period, whichever
comes first. If the amount specified in the letter of intent is not purchased,
an appropriate number of escrowed Shares may be redeemed in order to realize the
difference in the sales load.
While this letter of intent will not obligate the shareholder to purchase
Shares, each purchase during the period will be at the sales load applicable to
the total amount intended to be purchased. At the time a letter of intent is
established, current balances in accounts in any Shares of any fund in the
Federated Funds, excluding money market accounts, will be aggregated to provide
a purchase credit towards fulfillment of the letter of intent. Prior trade
prices will not be adjusted.
REINVESTMENT PRIVILEGE. If Shares in the Fund have been redeemed, the
shareholder has the privilege, within 120 days, to reinvest the redemption
proceeds at the next-determined net asset value without any sales load.
Federated Securities Corp. must be notified by the shareholder in writing or by
his financial institution of the reinvestment in order to eliminate a sales
load. If the shareholder redeems his Shares in the Fund, there may be tax
consequences.
PURCHASES WITH PROCEEDS FROM REDEMPTIONS OF UNAFFILIATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
Investors may purchase Shares at net asset value, without a sales load, with the
proceeds from the redemption of shares of an unaffiliated investment company
that were purchased or sold with a sales load or commission and were not
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. The purchase must be made within 60
days of the redemption, and Federated Securities Corp. must be notified by the
investor in writing, or by his financial institution, at the time the purchase
is made. From time to time, the Fund may offer dealers a payment of .50 of 1.00%
for Shares purchased under this program. If Shares are purchased in this manner,
Fund purchases will be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge for one
year from the date of purchase. Shareholders will be notified prior to the
implementation of any special offering as described above.
PURCHASING SHARES THROUGH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. An investor may call his
financial institution (such as a bank or an investment dealer) to place an order
to purchase Shares. Orders placed through a financial institution are considered
received when the Fund is notified of the purchase order or when payment is
converted into federal funds. Purchase orders through a registered broker/dealer
must be received by the broker before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) and must be
transmitted by the broker to the Fund before 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in order
for Shares to be purchased at that day's price. Purchase orders through other
financial institutions must be received by the financial institution and
transmitted to the Fund before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in order for Shares to
be purchased at that day's price. It is the financial institution's
responsibility to transmit orders promptly. Financial institutions may charge
additional fees for their services.
PURCHASING SHARES BY WIRE. Once an account has been established, Shares may be
purchased by wire by calling the Fund. All information needed will be taken over
the telephone, and the order is considered received immediately. Payment for
purchases which are subject to a sales load must be received within three
business days following the order. Payment for purchases on which no sales load
is imposed must be received before 3:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the next business
day following the order. Federal funds should be wired as follows: State Street
Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts; Attn: EDGEWIRE; For Credit to:
(Fund Name) (Fund Class); (Fund Number); Account Number; Trade Date and Order
Number; Group Number or Dealer Number; Nominee or Institution Name; and ABA
Number 011000028. Shares cannot be purchased by wire on holidays when wire
transfers are restricted. Questions on wire purchases should be directed to your
shareholder services representative at the telephone number listed on your
account statement.
PURCHASING SHARES BY CHECK. Once an account has been established, Shares may be
purchased by sending a check made payable to the name of the Fund (designate
class of Shares and account number) to: Federated Services Company, P.O. Box
8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600. Orders by mail are considered received
when payment by check is converted into federal funds (normally the business day
after the check is received).
SPECIAL PURCHASE FEATURES
SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM. Once a Fund account has been opened, shareholders
may add to their investment on a regular basis in a minimum amount of $100.
Under this program, funds may be automatically withdrawn periodically from the
shareholder's checking account at an Automated Clearing House ("ACH") member and
invested in the Fund at the net asset value next determined after an order is
received by the Fund, plus the sales load, if applicable. Shareholders should
contact their financial institution or the Fund to participate in this program.
RETIREMENT PLANS. Fund Shares can be purchased as an investment for retirement
plans or IRA accounts. For further details, contact the Fund and consult a tax
adviser.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class A shareholders may exchange all or some of their Shares for Class A Shares
of other Federated Funds at net asset value. Neither the Fund nor any of the
Federated Funds imposes any additional fees on exchanges. Shareholders in
certain other Federated Funds may exchange their shares in the Federated Funds
for Class A Shares.
The Fund has exchange privileges with the following Federated Funds: American
Leaders Fund, Inc.; Capital Growth Fund (Class A Shares and Class C Shares
only); Federated Emerging Markets Fund; Federated European Growth Fund;
Federated Growth Strategies Fund; Federated International Equity Fund; Federated
International Income Fund; Federated International Small Company Fund; Federated
Latin American Growth Fund; Federated Small Cap Strategies Fund; Fund for U.S.
Government Securities, Inc.; Liberty Equity Income Fund, Inc.; Liberty High
Income Bond Fund, Inc.; Liberty Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.; Liberty U.S.
Government Money Market Trust; Liberty Utility Fund, Inc.; Limited Term Fund;
Limited Term Municipal Fund; Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust; Pennsylvania
Municipal Income Fund; Strategic Income Fund; Tax-Free Instruments Trust; and
World Utility Fund.
Prospectuses for these funds are available by writing to Federated Securities
Corp.
Shareholders of Class A Shares who have been designated as Liberty Life Members
are exempt from sales charges on future purchases in and exchanges between the
Class A Shares of any funds in the Federated Funds, as long as they maintain a
$500 balance in one of the Federated Funds.
REQUIREMENTS FOR EXCHANGE. Shareholders using this privilege must exchange
Shares having a net asset value equal to the minimum investment requirements of
the fund into which the exchange is being made. Before the exchange, the
shareholder must receive a prospectus of the fund for which the exchange is
being made.
This privilege is available to shareholders resident in any state in which the
shares being acquired may be sold. Upon receipt of proper instructions and
required supporting documents, Shares submitted for exchange are redeemed and
proceeds invested in the same class of shares of the other fund. The exchange
privilege may be modified or terminated at any time. Shareholders will be
notified of the modification or termination of the exchange privilege.
TAX CONSEQUENCES. An exercise of the exchange privilege is treated as a sale for
federal income tax purposes. Depending upon the circumstances, a capital gain or
loss may be realized.
MAKING AN EXCHANGE. Instructions for exchanges for the Federated Funds may be
given in writing or by telephone. Written instructions may require a signature
guarantee. Shareholders of the Fund may have difficulty in making exchanges by
telephone through brokers and other financial institutions during times of
drastic economic or market changes. If a shareholder cannot contact his broker
or financial institution by telephone, it is recommended that an exchange
request be made in writing and sent by overnight mail to Federated Services
Company, 500 Victory Road -- 2nd Floor, North Quincy, Massachusetts 02171.
TELEPHONE INSTRUCTIONS. Telephone instructions made by the investor may be
carried out only if a telephone authorization form completed by the investor is
on file with the Fund. If the instructions are given by a broker, a telephone
authorization form completed by the broker must be on file with the Fund. If
reasonable procedures are not followed by the Fund, it may be liable for losses
due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Shares may be
exchanged between two funds by telephone only if the two funds have identical
shareholder registrations.
Any Shares held in certificate form cannot be exchanged by telephone but must be
forwarded to Federated Services Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts
02266-8600 and deposited to the shareholder's account before being exchanged.
Telephone exchange instructions are recorded and will be binding upon the
shareholder. Such instructions will be processed as of 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time)
and must be received by the Fund before that time for Shares to be exchanged the
same day. Shareholders exchanging into a fund will begin receiving dividends the
following business day. This privilege may be modified or terminated at any
time.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares are redeemed at their net asset value, less any applicable contingent
deferred sales charge, next determined after the Fund receives the redemption
request. Redemptions will be made on days on which the Fund computes its net
asset value. Redemption requests must be received in proper form and can be made
as described below.
REDEEMING SHARES THROUGH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. Shares of the Fund may be
redeemed by calling your financial institution to request the redemption. Shares
will be redeemed at the net asset value, less any applicable contingent deferred
sales charge next determined after the Fund receives the redemption request from
the financial institution. Redemption requests through a registered
broker/dealer must be received by the broker before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) and
must be transmitted by the broker to the Fund before 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in
order for Shares to be redeemed at that day's net asset value. Redemption
requests through other financial institutions (such as banks) must be
received by the financial institution and transmitted to the Fund before 4:00
p.m. (Eastern time) in order for Shares to be redeemed at that day's net asset
value. The financial institution is responsible for promptly submitting
redemption requests and providing proper written redemption instructions.
Customary fees and commissions may be charged by the financial institution for
this service.
REDEEMING SHARES BY TELEPHONE. Shares may be redeemed in any amount by calling
the Fund provided the Fund has a properly completed authorization form. These
forms can be obtained from Federated Securities Corp. Proceeds will be mailed in
the form of a check, to the shareholder's address of record or by wire transfer
to the shareholder's account at a domestic commercial bank that is a member of
the Federal Reserve System. Proceeds from redemption requests received on
holidays when wire transfers are restricted will be wired the following business
day. Questions about telephone redemptions on days when wire transfers are
restricted should be directed to your shareholder services representative at the
telephone number listed on your account statement. The minimum amount for a wire
transfer is $1,000. Proceeds from redeemed Shares purchased by check or through
ACH will not be wired until that method of payment has cleared.
Telephone instructions will be recorded. If reasonable procedures are not
followed by the Fund, it may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or
fraudulent telephone instructions. In the event of drastic economic or market
changes, a shareholder may experience difficulty in redeeming by telephone. If
this occurs, "Redeeming Shares By Mail" should be considered. If at any time the
Fund shall determine it necessary to terminate or modify the telephone
redemption privilege, shareholders would be promptly notified.
REDEEMING SHARES BY MAIL. Shares may be redeemed in any amount by mailing a
written request to: Federated Services Company, Fund Name, Fund Class, P.O. Box
8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600.
The written request should state: Fund Name and the Class designation; the
account name as registered with the Fund; the account number; and the number of
Shares to be redeemed or the dollar amount requested. All owners of the account
must sign the request exactly as the Shares are registered. It is recommended
that any share certificates be sent by insured mail with the written request.
Shareholders requesting a redemption of any amount to be sent to an address
other than that on record with the Fund, or a redemption payable other than to
the shareholder of record must have their signatures guaranteed by a bank which
is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a trust company, a
member firm of a domestic stock exchange, or any other "eligible guarantor
institution," as defined by the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
The Fund does not accept signatures guaranteed by a notary public.
The Fund and its transfer agent have adopted standards for accepting signature
guarantees from the above institutions. The Fund may elect in the future to
limit eligible signature guarantors to institutions that are members of a
signature guarantee program. The Fund and its transfer agent reserve the right
to amend these standards at any time without notice.
Normally, a check for the proceeds is mailed within one business day, but in no
event more than seven days, after receipt of a proper written redemption
request.
SPECIAL REDEMPTION FEATURES
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PROGRAM. Shareholders who desire to receive payments of a
predetermined amount not less than $100 may take advantage of the Systematic
Withdrawal Program. Under this program, Shares are redeemed to provide for
periodic withdrawal payments in an amount directed by the shareholder.
Depending upon the amount of the withdrawal payments, the amount of dividends
paid and capital gains distributions with respect to Shares, and the fluctuation
of the net asset value of Shares redeemed under this program, redemptions may
reduce, and eventually deplete, the shareholder's investment in the Fund. For
this reason, payments under this program should not be considered as yield or
income on the shareholder's investment in the Fund. To be eligible to
participate in this program, a shareholder must have an account value of at
least $10,000. A shareholder may apply for participation in this program through
his financial institution. Due to the fact that Shares are sold with a sales
load, it is not advisable for shareholders to continue to purchase Shares while
participating in this program.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
Class A Shares purchased under a periodic special offering with the proceeds of
a redemption of shares of an unaffiliated investment company purchased or
redeemed with a sales load and not distributed by Federated Securities Corp. may
be charged a contingent deferred sales charge of .50 of 1.00% for redemptions
made within one full year of purchase. Any applicable contingent deferred sales
charge will be imposed on the lesser of the net asset value of the redeemed
Shares at the time of purchase or the net asset value of the redeemed Shares at
the time of redemption.
The contingent deferred sales charge will be deducted from the redemption
proceeds otherwise payable to the shareholder and will be retained by the
distributor. The contingent deferred sales charge will not be imposed with
respect to: (1) Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends or
distributions of long-term capital gains; and (2) Shares held for more than one
full year from the date of purchase. Redemptions will be processed in a manner
intended to maximize the amount of redemption which will not be subject to a
contingent deferred sales charge. In computing the amount of the applicable
contingent deferred sales charge, redemptions are deemed to have occurred in the
following order: (1) Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and
long-term capital gains; (2) Shares held for more than one full year from the
date of purchase; (3) Shares held for less than one full year from the date of
purchase on a first-in, first-out basis. A contingent deferred sales charge is
not assessed in connection with an exchange of Fund Shares for shares of other
funds in the Federated Funds in the same class (see "Exchange Privilege"). Any
contingent deferred sales charge imposed at the time the exchanged-for Shares
are redeemed is calculated as if the shareholder had held the shares from the
date on which he became a shareholder of the exchanged-from Shares. Moreover,
the contingent deferred sales charge will be eliminated with respect to certain
redemptions (see "Elimination of Contingent Deferred Sales Charge").
ELIMINATION OF CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
The contingent deferred sales charge will be eliminated with respect to the
following redemptions: (1) redemptions following the death or disability, as
defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, of
a shareholder; (2) redemptions representing minimum required
distributions from an Individual Retirement Account or other retirement plan to
a shareholder who has attained the age of 70 1/2; and (3) involuntary
redemptions by the Fund of Shares in shareholder accounts that do not comply
with the minimum balance requirements. No contingent deferred sales charge will
be imposed on redemptions of Shares held by Directors, employees and sales
representatives of the Fund, the distributor, or affiliates of the Fund or
distributor; employees of any financial institution that sells Shares of the
Fund pursuant to a sales agreement with the distributor; and spouses and
children under the age of 21 of the aforementioned persons. Finally, no
contingent deferred sales charge will be imposed on the redemption of Shares
originally purchased through a bank trust department, an investment adviser
registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, or retirement
plans where the third party administrator has entered into certain arrangements
with Federated Securities Corp. or its affiliates, or any other financial
institution, to the extent that no payments were advanced for purchases made
through such entities. The Directors reserve the right to discontinue
elimination of the contingent deferred sales charge. Shareholders will be
notified of such elimination. Any Shares purchased prior to the termination of
such waiver would have the contingent deferred sales charge eliminated as
provided in the Fund's prospectus at the time of the purchase of the Shares. If
a shareholder making a redemption qualifies for an elimination of the contingent
deferred sales charge, the shareholder must notify Federated Securities Corp. or
the transfer agent in writing that he is entitled to such elimination.
ACCOUNT AND SHARE INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CERTIFICATES AND CONFIRMATIONS. As transfer agent for the Fund, Federated
Services Company maintains a Share account for each shareholder. Share
certificates are not issued unless requested in writing to Federated Services
Company.
Detailed confirmations of each purchase and redemption are sent to each
shareholder. Monthly confirmations are sent to report dividends paid during that
month.
DIVIDENDS. Dividends are declared and paid annually to all shareholders invested
in the Fund on the record date. Dividends and distributions are automatically
reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund on payment dates at the ex-dividend
date net asset value without a sales load, unless shareholders request cash
payments on the new account form or by contacting the transfer agent. All
shareholders on the record date are entitled to the dividend. If Shares are
redeemed or exchanged prior to the record date or purchased after the record
date, those Shares are not entitled to that year's dividend.
CAPITAL GAINS. Net long-term capital gains realized by the Fund, if any, will be
distributed at least once every twelve months.
ACCOUNTS WITH LOW BALANCES. Due to the high cost of maintaining accounts with
low balances, the Fund may redeem Shares in any account, except retirement
plans, and pay the proceeds to the shareholder if the account balance falls
below the required minimum value of $500. This requirement does not apply,
however, if the balance falls below the required minimum value because of
changes in the net asset value of Shares. Before Shares are redeemed to close an
account, the shareholder is notified in writing and allowed 30 days to purchase
additional Shares to meet the minimum requirement.
CORPORATION INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MANAGEMENT OF THE CORPORATION
BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The Corporation is managed by a Board of Directors. The
Directors are responsible for managing the Corporation's business affairs and
for exercising all the Corporation's powers except those reserved for the
shareholders. An Executive Committee of the Board of Directors handles the
Board's responsibilities between meetings of the Board.
INVESTMENT ADVISER. Investment decisions for the Fund are made by the Fund's
investment adviser, Federated Global Research Corp. (the "Adviser"), subject to
direction by the Directors. The Adviser continually conducts investment research
and supervision for the Fund and is responsible for the purchase or sale of
portfolio instruments, for which it receives an annual fee from the Fund. The
Adviser's address is 175 Water Street, New York, New York 10038-4965.
ADVISORY FEES. The Adviser receives an annual investment advisory fee equal to
1.10% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The fee paid by the Fund, while
higher than the advisory fee paid by other mutual funds in general, is
comparable to fees paid by other mutual funds with similar objectives and
policies. Under the investment advisory contract, which provides for the
voluntary waiver of the advisory fee by the Adviser, the Adviser may voluntarily
waive some or all of its fee. This does not include reimbursement to the Fund of
any expenses incurred by shareholders who use the transfer agent's subaccounting
facilities. The Adviser can terminate this voluntary waiver at any time in its
sole discretion. The Adviser has also undertaken to reimburse the Fund for
operating expenses in excess of limitations established by certain states.
ADVISER'S BACKGROUND. Federated Global Research Corp., incorporated in Delaware
on May 12, 1995, is a registered investment adviser under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It is a subsidiary of Federated Investors. All
of the Class A (voting) shares of Federated Investors are owned by a trust, the
Trustees of which are John F. Donahue, Chairman and Trustee of Federated
Investors, Mr. Donahue's wife, and Mr. Donahue's son, J. Christopher Donahue,
who is President and Trustee of Federated Investors.
Federated Global Research Corp. and other subsidiaries of Federated Investors
serve as investment advisers to a number of investment companies and private
accounts. Certain other subsidiaries also provide administrative services to a
number of investment companies. With over $72 billion invested across more than
260 funds under management and/or administration by its subsidiaries, as of
December 31, 1994, Federated Investors is one of the largest mutual fund
investment managers in the United States. With more than 1,750 employees,
Federated continues to be led by the management who founded the company in 1955.
Federated funds are presently at work in and through 4,000 financial
institutions nationwide. More than 100,000 investment professionals have
selected Federated funds for their clients.
Henry A. Frantzen has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Mr.
Frantzen joined Federated Investors in 1995 as an Executive Vice President of
the Fund's investment adviser. Mr. Frantzen served as Chief Investment Officer
of international equities at Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. from 1992 to 1995. He
was the Executive Vice President and Director of Equities at
Oppenheimer Management Corporation from 1989 to 1991. Mr. Frantzen received his
B.S. in finance and marketing from the University of North Dakota.
Drew J. Collins has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Mr.
Collins joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Senior Vice President of the
Fund's investment adviser. Mr. Collins served as Vice President/Portfolio
Manager of international equity portfolios at Arnold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc.
from 1994 to 1995. He served as an Assistant Vice President/Portfolio Manager
for international equities at the College Retirement Equities Fund from 1986 to
1994. Mr. Collins is a Chartered Financial Analyst and received his M.B.A. in
finance from the University of Pennsylvania.
Mark S. Kopinski has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Mr.
Kopinski joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Vice President of the Fund's
investment adviser. Mr. Kopinski served as Vice President/Portfolio Manager of
international equity funds at Twentieth Century Mutual Funds from 1990 to 1995.
Mr. Kopinski received his M.A. in Asian Studies from the University of Illinois.
Alexandre de Bethmann has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception.
Mr. de Bethmann joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Vice President of the
Fund's investment adviser. Mr. de Bethmann served as Assistant Vice
President/Portfolio Manager for Japanese and Korean equities at the College
Retirement Equities Fund from 1994 to 1995. He served as an International
Equities Analyst and then as an Assistant Portfolio Manager at the College
Retirement Equities Fund between 1987 and 1994. Mr. de Bethmann received his
M.B.A. in Finance from Duke University.
Both the Corporation and the Adviser have adopted strict codes of ethics
governing the conduct of all employees who manage the Fund and its portfolio
securities. These codes recognize that such persons owe a fiduciary duty to the
Fund's shareholders and must place the interests of shareholders ahead of the
employees' own interest. Among other things, the codes: require preclearance and
periodic reporting of personal securities transactions; prohibit personal
transactions in securities being purchased or sold, or being considered for
purchase or sale, by the Fund; prohibit purchasing securities in initial public
offerings; and prohibit taking profits on securities held for less than sixty
days. Violations of the codes are subject to review by the Board of Directors,
and could result in severe penalties.
DISTRIBUTION OF CLASS A SHARES
Federated Securities Corp. is the principal distributor for Shares of the Fund.
Federated Securities Corp. is located at Federated Investors Tower, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15222-3779. It is a Pennsylvania corporation organized on November
14, 1969, and is the principal distributor for a number of investment companies.
Federated Securities Corp. is a subsidiary of Federated Investors.
State securities laws may require certain financial institutions such as
depository institutions to register as dealers.
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES. Under a distribution plan adopted in
accordance with Investment Company Act Rule 12b-1 (the "Distribution Plan"), the
distributor may be paid a fee in an amount computed at an annual rate of up to
.25 of 1% of the average daily net assets of Shares to finance any activity
which is principally intended to result in the sale of Shares subject to the
Distribution Plan. The Fund does not currently make payments to the distributor
or charge a fee under the Distribution Plan for Shares, and shareholders will be
notified if the Fund intends to charge a fee under the Distribution Plan. For
Shares, the distributor may select financial institutions such as banks,
fiduciaries, custodians for public funds, investment advisers, and
broker/dealers to provide sales services or distribution-related support
services as agents for their clients or customers.
The Distribution Plan is a compensation type plan. As such, the Fund makes no
payments to the distributor except as described above. Therefore, the Fund does
not pay for unreimbursed expenses of the distributor, including amounts expended
by the distributor in excess of amounts received by it from the Fund, interest,
carrying or other financing charges in connection with excess amounts expended,
or the distributor's overhead expenses. However, the distributor may be able to
recover such amounts or may earn a profit from future payments made by Shares
under the Plan.
In addition, the Fund has entered into a Shareholder Services Agreement with
Federated Shareholder Services, a subsidiary of Federated Investors, under which
the Fund may make payments up to 0.25 of 1% of the average daily net asset value
of Shares to obtain certain personal services for shareholders and for the
maintenance of shareholder accounts ("Shareholder Services"). Under the
Shareholder Services Agreement, Federated Shareholder Services will either
perform Shareholder Services directly or will select financial institutions to
perform Shareholder Services. Financial institutions will receive fees based
upon Shares owned by their clients or customers. The schedules of such fees and
the basis upon which such fees will be paid will be determined from time to time
by the Fund and Federated Shareholder Services.
In addition to payments made pursuant to the Distribution Plan and Shareholder
Services Agreement, Federated Securities Corp. and Federated Shareholder
Services, from their own assets, may pay financial institutions supplemental
fees for the performance of sales services, distribution-related support
services, or shareholder services.
OTHER PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Federated Securities Corp. will pay
financial institutions, at the time of purchase, an amount equal to .50 of 1% of
the net asset value of Shares purchased by their clients or customers under
certain qualified retirement plans as approved by Federated Securities Corp.
(Such payments are subject to a reclaim from the financial institution should
the assets leave the program within 12 months after purchase.)
Furthermore, the distributor may offer to pay a fee from its own assets to
financial institutions as financial assistance for providing substantial
marketing and sales support. The support may include sponsoring sales,
educational and training seminars for their employees, providing sales
literature, and engineering computer software programs that emphasize the
attributes of the Fund. Such assistance will be predicated upon the amount of
Shares the financial institution sells or may sell, and/or upon the type and
nature of sales or marketing support furnished by the financial institution. Any
payments made by the distributor may be reimbursed by the Fund's Adviser or its
affiliates.
ADMINISTRATION OF THE FUND
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES. Federated Administrative Services, a subsidiary of
Federated Investors, provides administrative personnel and services (including
certain legal and financial reporting services) necessary to operate the Fund.
Federated Administrative Services provides these at an annual rate which relates
to the average aggregate daily net assets of all Federated Funds as specified
below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AVERAGE AGGREGATE
MAXIMUM DAILY NET ASSETS
ADMINISTRATIVE FEE OF THE FEDERATED FUNDS
- ------------------- --------------------------------------
<S> <C>
.15 of 1% on the first $250 million
.125 of 1% on the next $250 million
.10 of 1% on the next $250 million
.075 of 1% on assets in excess of $750 million
</TABLE>
The administrative fee received during any fiscal year shall be at least
$125,000 per portfolio and $30,000 per each additional class of shares.
Federated Administrative Services may choose voluntarily to waive a portion of
its fee.
EXPENSES OF THE FUND AND CLASS A SHARES
Holders of Shares pay their allocable portion of Corporation and portfolio
expenses.
The Corporation expenses for which holders of Class A Shares pay their allocable
portion include, but are not limited to: the cost of organizing the Corporation
and continuing its existence; registering the Corporation with federal and state
securities authorities; Directors' fees; auditors' fees; the cost of meetings of
Directors; legal fees of the Corporation; association membership dues; and such
non-recurring and extraordinary items as may arise from time to time.
The portfolio expenses for which holders of Class A Shares pay their allocable
portion include, but are not limited to: registering the portfolio and Class A
Shares of the portfolio; investment advisory services; taxes and commissions;
custodian fees; insurance premiums; auditors' fees; and such non-recurring and
extraordinary items as may arise from time to time.
At present, the only expenses which are allocated specifically to Class A Shares
as a class are expenses under the Corporation's Distribution Plan and fees for
Shareholder Services. However, the Directors reserve the right to allocate
certain other expenses to holders of Class A Shares as they deem appropriate
("Class Expenses"). In any case, Class Expenses would be limited to:
distribution fees; transfer agent fees as identified by the transfer agent as
attributable to holders of Class A Shares; printing and postage expenses related
to preparing and distributing materials such as shareholder reports,
prospectuses and proxies to current shareholders; registration fees paid to the
Securities and Exchange Commission and to state securities commissions; expenses
related to administrative personnel and services as required to support holders
of Class A Shares; legal fees relating solely to Class A Shares; and Directors'
fees incurred as a result of issues related solely to Class A Shares.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
When selecting brokers and dealers to handle the purchase and sale of portfolio
instruments, the Adviser looks for prompt execution of the order at a favorable
price. In working with dealers, the Adviser will generally use those who are
recognized dealers in specific portfolio instruments, except when a better price
and execution of the order can be obtained elsewhere. In selecting among firms
believed to meet these criteria, the Adviser may give consideration to those
firms which have sold or are selling Shares of the Fund and other funds
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. The Adviser makes decisions on
portfolio transactions and selects brokers and dealers subject to review by the
Directors.
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOTING RIGHTS
Each share of the Fund gives the shareholder one vote in Director elections and
other matters submitted to shareholders for vote. All shares of each fund or
class in the Corporation have equal voting rights, except that in matters
affecting only a particular fund or class, only shares of that fund or class are
entitled to vote.
As a Maryland corporation, the Corporation is not required to hold annual
shareholder meetings. Shareholder approval will be sought only for certain
changes in the Corporation's or the Fund's operation and for the election of
Directors under certain circumstances.
Directors may be removed by the Directors or by shareholders at a special
meeting. A special meeting of shareholders shall be called by the Directors upon
the written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the Corporation's
outstanding shares of all series entitled to vote.
TAX INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEDERAL INCOME TAX
The Fund will pay no federal income tax because it expects to meet requirements
of the Code, applicable to regulated investment companies and to receive the
special tax treatment afforded to such companies. However, the Fund may invest
in the stock of certain foreign corporations which would constitute a Passive
Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"). Federal income taxes may be imposed on the
Fund upon disposition of PFIC investments.
The Fund will be treated as a single, separate entity for federal income tax
purposes so that income (including capital gains) and losses realized by the
Corporation's other portfolios will not be combined for tax purposes with those
realized by the Fund.
Investment income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may
be subject to foreign taxes withheld at the source. The United States has
entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries that entitle the Fund to
reduced tax rates or exemptions on this income. The effective rate of foreign
tax cannot be predicted since the amount of Fund assets to be invested within
various countries
is unknown. However, the Fund intends to operate so as to qualify for
treaty-reduced tax rates where applicable.
Unless otherwise exempt, shareholders are required to pay federal income tax on
any dividends and other distributions, including capital gains distributions,
received. This applies whether dividends and distributions are received in cash
or as additional Shares. Distributions representing long-term capital gains, if
any, will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains no matter how
long the shareholders have held the Shares. No federal income tax is due on any
dividends earned in an IRA or qualified retirement plan until distributed.
Due to differences in the book and tax treatment of fixed income securities
denominated in foreign currencies, it is difficult to project currency effects
on an interim basis. Therefore, to the extent that currency fluctuations cannot
be anticipated, a portion of distributions to shareholders could later be
designated as a return of capital, rather than income, for income tax purposes,
which may be of particular concern to simple trusts.
If more than 50% of the value of the Fund's assets at the end of the tax year is
represented by stock or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund intends to
qualify for certain Code stipulations that would allow shareholders to claim a
foreign tax credit or deduction on their U.S. income tax returns. The Code may
limit a shareholder's ability to claim a foreign tax credit. Furthermore,
shareholders who elect to deduct their portion of the Fund's foreign taxes
rather than take the foreign tax credit must itemize deductions on their income
tax returns.
STATE AND LOCAL TAXES
Shares are exempt from personal property taxes imposed by counties,
municipalities, and school districts in Pennsylvania.
Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the status of
their accounts under state and local tax laws.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From time to time, the Fund advertises its total return and yield for Class A
Shares.
Total return represents the change, over a specific period of time, in the value
of an investment in Class A Shares after reinvesting all income and capital
gains distributions. It is calculated by dividing that change by the initial
investment and is expressed as a percentage.
The yield of Class A Shares is calculated by dividing the net investment income
per share (as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission) earned by Class
A Shares over a thirty-day period by the maximum offering price per share of
each class on the last day of the period. This number is then annualized using
semi-annual compounding. The yield does not necessarily reflect income actually
earned by Class A Shares and, therefore, may not correlate to the dividends or
other distributions paid to shareholders.
The performance information reflects the effect of non-recurring charges, such
as the maximum sales load or contingent deferred sales charges, which, if
excluded, would increase the total return and yield.
Total return and yield will be calculated separately for Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares.
From time to time, advertisements for Class A Shares of the Fund may refer to
ratings, rankings, and other information in certain financial publications
and/or compare the performance of Class A Shares to certain indices.
OTHER CLASSES OF SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund also offers two other classes of
shares called Class B Shares and Class C Shares. This prospectus relates only to
Class A Shares.
Class B Shares are sold primarily to customers of financial institutions,
subject to a maximum contingent deferred sales charge of 5.50%. The Fund has
also adopted a Distribution Plan whereby the distributor is paid a fee of up to
.75 of 1% and a Shareholder Services fee of up to .25 of 1% of the Class B
Shares' average daily net assets with respect to Class B Shares. Investments in
Class B Shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $1,500, unless the
investment is in a retirement account, in which case the minimum investment is
$50.
Class C Shares are sold primarily to customers of financial institutions at net
asset value with no initial sales load. Class C Shares are distributed pursuant
to a Distribution Plan adopted by the Fund whereby the distributor is paid a fee
of up to .75 of 1%, in addition to a Shareholder Services fee of .25 of 1% of
the Class C Shares' average daily net assets. In addition, Class C Shares may be
subject to certain contingent deferred sales charges. Investments in Class C
Shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $1,500, unless the
investment is in a retirement account, in which case the minimum investment is
$50.
Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares are subject to certain of the
same expenses. Expense differences, however, among Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares may affect the performance of each class.
To obtain more information and a prospectus for either Class B Shares or Class C
Shares, investors may call 1-800-235-4669 or contact their financial
institution.
ADDRESSES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Federated Asia Pacific Growth Fund
Class A Shares Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributor
Federated Securities Corp. Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment Adviser
Federated Global Research Corp. 175 Water Street
New York, New York 10038-4965
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company P.O. Box 8600
Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
Federated Services Company P.O. Box 8600
Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Independent Auditors
Ernst & Young LLP One Oxford Centre
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
FEDERATED ASIA PACIFIC
GROWTH FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT
SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
PROSPECTUS
An Open-End, Diversified
Management Investment Company
February 13, 1996
FEDERATED SECURITIES CORP.
(LOGO)
- ---------------------------------------------
Distributor
A subsidiary of FEDERATED INVESTORS
FEDERATED INVESTORS TOWER
PITTSBURGH, PA 15222-3779
G01470-01 (1/96)
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may
any offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement
becomes effective. This Statement of Additional Information shall not
consititute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall
there be any sale of these securities in any State in which such offer,
solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification
under the securities laws of any such State.
Subject to Completion, January 17, 1996
FEDERATED ASIA PACIFIC GROWTH FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
CLASS B SHARES
CLASS C SHARES
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This Statement of Additional Information should be read with the
prospectus for Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares, or the
stand-alone prospectus for Class A Shares of Federated Asia Pacific Growth
Fund (the "Fund") dated February 13, 1996. This Statement is not a
prospectus itself. You may request a copy of either prospectus or a paper
copy of this Statement of Additional Information, if you have received it
electronically, free of charge by calling 1-800-235-4669.
FEDERATED INVESTORS TOWER
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222-3779
Statement dated February 13, 1996
FEDERATED SECURITIES
CORP.
Distributor
A subsidiary of FEDERATED INVESTORS
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND4
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES4
Convertible Securities 4
Warrants 5
Sovereign Debt Obligations 5
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery
Transactions 6
Lending of Portfolio Securities 6
Repurchase Agreements 7
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 7
Restricted and Illiquid Securities 8
Futures and Options 9
Foreign Currency Transactions 23
Special Considerations Affecting Asia and
the Pacific Rim 28
Special Considerations Affecting Emerging
Markets 28
Additional Risk Considerations 29
Portfolio Turnover 30
Investment Limitations 30
WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC. MANAGEMENT
36
Fund Ownership 45
Directors Compensation 45
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES 47
Adviser to the Fund 47
Advisory Fees 47
Other Related Services 48
OTHER SERVICES 48
Fund Administration 48
Custodian 49
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing
Agent 49
Independent Auditors 49
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS 49
PURCHASING SHARES 50
Distribution Plan and Shareholder Services
Agreement 51
Conversion to Federal Funds 52
Purchases by Sales Representatives,
Directors, and Employees of the Fund 52
DETERMINING NET ASSET VALUE 52
Determining Market Value of Securities 52
Trading in Foreign Securities 53
REDEEMING SHARES 54
Redemption in Kind 54
TAX STATUS 55
The Fund's Tax Status 55
Foreign Taxes 56
Shareholders' Tax Status 56
TOTAL RETURN 56
YIELD 57
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS 57
ABOUT FEDERATED INVESTORS 60
Mutual Fund Market 61
Institutional Clients 61
Trust Organizations 61
Broker/Dealers and Bank Broker/Dealer
Subsidiaries 61
APPENDIX 62
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
The Fund is a portfolio of World Investment Series, Inc. (the "Corporation"),
which was established as a corporation under the laws of the state of Maryland
on January 25, 1994.
Shares of the Fund are offered in three classes known as Class A Shares,
Class B Shares, and Class C Shares (individually and collectively referred to as
"Shares" as the context may require). This Statement of Additional Information
relates to all three classes of the above-mentioned Shares.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income realized from the portfolio is incidental. The Fund pursues its
investment objective by investing primarily in equity securities of Asian and
Pacific Rim companies. The investment objective cannot be changed without the
approval of shareholders.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
The convertible bonds and convertible preferred stocks in which the Fund may
invest generally retain the investment characteristics of fixed income
securities until they have been converted but also react to movements in the
underlying equity securities. The prices of fixed income securities fluctuate
inversely to the direction of interest rates. The holder is entitled to receive
the fixed income of a bond or the dividend preference of a preferred stock until
the holder elects to exercise the conversion privilege. Usable bonds are
corporate bonds that can be used in whole or in part, customarily at full face
value, in lieu of cash to purchase the issuer's common stock.
Convertible securities are senior to equity securities, and therefore have a
claim to assets of the corporation prior to the holders of common stock in the
case of liquidation. However, convertible securities are generally subordinated
to similar nonconvertible securities of the same company. The interest income
and dividends from convertible bonds and preferred stocks provide a stable
stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks, but lower than
nonconvertible securities of similar quality. The Fund will exchange or convert
the convertible securities held in its portfolio into shares of the underlying
common stocks when, in the investment adviser's opinion, the investment
characteristics of the underlying common shares will assist the Fund in
achieving it investment objective. Otherwise, the Fund will hold or trade the
convertible securities.
WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are options to purchase common stock
at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned
common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may
have a life ranging from less than a year to twenty years or may be perpetual.
However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In
addition, if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant's
exercise price during the life of the warrant, the warrant will expire as
worthless. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights
with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage
increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater
than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned
common stock.
SOVEREIGN DEBT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may purchase sovereign debt instruments issued or guaranteed by foreign
governments or their agencies, including debt of countries with emerging markets
or developing countries. Sovereign debt may be in the form of conventional
securities or other types of debt instruments, such as loans or loan
participations. Sovereign debt of emerging market or developing countries may
involve a high degree of risk, and may be in default or present the risk of
default. Governmental entities responsible for repayment of the debt may be
unable or unwilling to repay principal and interest when due, and may require
renegotiation or rescheduling of debt payments. In addition, prospects for
repayment of principal and interest may depend on political as well as economic
factors. The Fund may also invest in debt obligations of supranational
entities, which include international organizations designed or supported by
governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development, and
international banking institutions and related government agencies. Examples of
these include, but are not limited to, the International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (World Bank), European Investment Bank and Inter-American
Development Bank.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS
These transactions are made to secure what is considered to be an advantageous
price or yield for the Fund. No fees or other expenses, other than normal
transaction costs, are incurred. However, liquid assets of the Fund sufficient
to make payment for the securities to be purchased are segregated on the Fund`s
records at the trade date. These assets are marked to market daily and are
maintained until the transaction has been settled. The Fund does not intend to
engage in when-issued and delayed delivery transactions to an extent that would
cause the segregation of more than 20% of the total value of its assets.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The collateral received when the Fund lends portfolio securities must be valued
daily and, should the market value of the loaned securities increase, the
borrower must furnish additional collateral to the Fund. During the time
portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays the Fund any dividends or
interest paid on such securities. Loans are subject to termination at the option
of the Fund or the borrower. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and
custodial fees in connection with a loan and may pay a negotiated portion of the
interest earned on the cash or equivalent collateral to the borrower or placing
broker. The Fund does not have the right to vote securities on loan, but would
terminate the loan and regain the right to vote if that were considered
important with respect to the investment.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund or its custodian will take possession of the securities subject to
repurchase agreements, and these securities will be marked to market daily. To
the extent that the original seller does not repurchase the securities from the
Fund, the Fund could receive less than the repurchase price on any sale of such
securities. In the event that such a defaulting seller filed for bankruptcy or
became insolvent, disposition of such securities by the Fund might be delayed
pending court action. The Fund believes that under the regular procedures
normally in effect for custody of the Fund's portfolio securities subject to
repurchase agreements, a court of competent jurisdiction would rule in favor of
the Fund and allow retention or disposition of such securities. The Fund will
only enter into repurchase agreements with banks and other recognized financial
institutions, such as broker/dealers, which are found by the Fund's investment
adviser to be creditworthy pursuant to guidelines established by the
Corporation's Board of Directors (the "Directors").
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements. These transactions
are similar to borrowing cash. In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund
transfers possession of a portfolio instrument to another person, such as a
financial institution, broker, or dealer, in return for a percentage of the
instrument's market value in cash, and agrees that on a stipulated date in the
future, the Fund will repurchase the portfolio instrument by remitting the
original consideration plus interest at an agreed upon rate. The use of reverse
repurchase agreements may enable the Fund to avoid selling portfolio instruments
at a time when a sale may be deemed to be disadvantageous, but the ability to
enter into reverse repurchase agreements does not ensure that the Fund will be
able to avoid selling portfolio instruments at a disadvantageous time.
When effecting reverse repurchase agreements, liquid assets of the Fund, in a
dollar amount sufficient to make payment for the obligations to be purchased,
are segregated at the trade date. These securities are marked to market daily
and are maintained until the transaction is settled.
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The ability of the Directors to determine the liquidity of certain restricted
securities is permitted under a Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff
position set forth in the adopting release for Rule 144A under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the "Rule"). The Rule is a non-exclusive safe-harbor
for certain secondary market transactions involving securities subject to
restrictions on resale under federal securities laws. The Rule provides an
exemption from registration for resales of otherwise restricted securities to
qualified institutional buyers. The Rule was expected to further enhance the
liquidity of the secondary market for securities eligible for resale under the
Rule. The Fund believes that the staff of the SEC has left the question of
determining the liquidity of all restricted securities to the Directors. The
Directors may consider the following criteria in determining the liquidity of
certain restricted securities:
o the frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
o the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the
number of other potential buyers;
o dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
o the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, securities of foreign issuers which are not
listed on a recognized domestic or foreign exchange or for which a bona fide
market does not exist at the time of purchase or subsequent transaction shall be
treated as illiquid securities by the Directors.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS
The Fund may attempt to hedge all or a portion of its portfolio or gain
relatively rapid, liquid, and cost-effective exposure to certain markets by
buying and selling futures contracts and options on futures contracts.
FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Fund may engage in futures contracts. A futures contract is a firm
commitment by two parties, the seller who agrees to make delivery of the
specific type of security called for in the contract ("going short") and
the buyer who agrees to take delivery of the security ("going long") at a
certain time in the future. However, a securities index futures contract is
an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery
of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index
at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which
the index was originally written. No physical delivery of the underlying
securities in the index is made.
The purpose of the acquisition or sale of a futures contract by the Fund is
to protect the Fund from fluctuations in the value of its securities caused
by unanticipated changes in interest rates or market conditions without
necessarily buying or selling the securities. For example, in the fixed
income securities market, price generally moves inversely to interest
rates. A rise in rates generally means a drop in price. Conversely, a
drop in rates generally means a rise in price. In order to hedge its
holdings of fixed income securities against a rise in market interest
rates, the Fund could enter into contracts to deliver securities at a
predetermined price (i.e., "go short") to protect itself against the
possibility that the prices of its fixed income securities may decline
during the anticipated holding period. The Fund would "go long" (i.e.,
agree to purchase securities in the future at a predetermined price) to
hedge against a decline in market interest rates. The Fund may also invest
in securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser believes
such investment is more efficient, liquid, or cost-effective than investing
directly in the securities underlying the index.
STOCK INDEX OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase put options on stock indices listed on national
securities exchanges or traded in the over-the-counter market. A stock
index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the stocks included
in the index.
The effectiveness of purchasing stock index options will depend upon the
extent to which price movements in the Fund's portfolio correlate with
price movements of the stock index selected. Because the value of an index
option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the
price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or loss
from the purchase of options on an index depends upon movements in the
level of stock prices in the stock market generally or, in the case of
certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in
the price of a particular stock. Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of
options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the investment
adviser to predict correctly movements in the direction of the stock market
generally or of a particular industry.
PUT OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Fund may purchase listed or over-the-counter put options on financial
futures contracts. The Fund would use these options only to protect
portfolio securities against decreases in value resulting from market
factors such as anticipated increase in interest rates, or when the
investment adviser believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or
cost-effective than investing directly in the futures contract or the
underlying securities or when such futures contracts or securities are
unavailable for investment upon favorable terms.
Unlike entering directly into a futures contract, which requires the
purchaser to buy a financial instrument on a set date at a specified price,
the purchase of a put option on a futures contract entitles (but does not
obligate) its purchaser to decide on or before a future date whether to
assume a short position at the specified price. Generally, if the hedged
portfolio securities decrease in value during the term of an option, the
related futures contracts will also decrease in value and the option will
increase in value. In such an event, the Fund will normally close out its
option by selling an identical option. If the hedge is successful, the
proceeds received by the Fund upon the sale of the second option will be
large enough to offset both the premium paid by the Fund for the original
option plus the realized decrease in value of the hedged securities.
Alternatively, the Fund may exercise its put option to close out the
position. To do so, it would simultaneously enter into a futures contract
of the type underlying the option (for a price less than the strike price
of the option) and exercise the option. The Fund would then deliver the
futures contract in return for payment of the strike price. If the Fund
neither closes out nor exercises an option, the option will expire on the
date provided in the option contract, and only the premium paid for the
contract will be lost.
The Fund may write listed or over-the counter put options on financial
futures contracts to hedge its portfolio or when the investment adviser
believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than
investing directly in the futures contract or the underlying securities or
when such futures contracts or securities are unavailable for investment
upon favorable terms. When the Fund writes a put option on a futures
contract, it receives a cash premium which can be used in whatever way is
deemed most advantageous to the Fund. In exchange for such premium, the
Fund grants to the purchaser of the put the right to receive from the Fund,
at the strike price, a short position in such futures contract, even though
the strike price upon exercise of the option is greater than the value of
the futures position received by such holder. If the value of the
underlying futures position is not such that exercise of the option would
be profitable to the option holder, the option will generally expire
without being exercised. The Fund has no obligation to return premiums
paid to it whether or not the option is exercised. It will generally be
the policy of the Fund, in order to avoid the exercise of an option sold by
it, to cancel its obligation under the option by entering into a closing
purchase transaction, if available, unless it is determined to be in the
Fund's interest to deliver the underlying futures position. A closing
purchase transaction consists of the purchase by the Fund of an option
having the same term as the option sold by the Fund, and has the effect of
canceling the Fund's position as a seller. The premium which the Fund will
pay in executing a closing purchase transaction may be higher than the
premium received when the option was sold, depending in large part upon the
relative price of the underlying futures position at the time of each
transaction.
CALL OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL AND STOCK INDEX FUTURES CONTRACTS
In addition to purchasing put options on futures, the Fund may write listed
call options or over-the-counter call options on financial and stock index
futures contracts (including cash-settled stock index options), to hedge
its portfolio against an increase in market interest rates, a decrease in
stock prices, or when the investment adviser believes such investment is
more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than investing directly in the
futures contract or the underlying securities or when such futures
contracts or securities are unavailable for investment upon favorable
terms. When the Fund writes a call option on a futures contract, it is
undertaking the obligation of assuming a short futures position (selling a
futures contract) at the fixed strike price at any time during the life of
the option if the option is exercised. As stock prices fall or market
interest rates rise and cause the price of futures to decrease, the Fund's
obligation under a call option on a future (to sell a futures contract)
costs less to fulfill, causing the value of the Fund's call option position
to increase.
In other words, as the underlying futures price goes down below the strike
price, the buyer of the option has no reason to exercise the call, so that
the Fund keeps the premium received for the option. This premium can
substantially offset the drop in value of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Prior to the expiration of a call written by the Fund, or exercise of it by
the buyer, the Fund may close out the option by buying an identical option.
If the hedge is successful, the cost of the second option will be less than
the premium received by the Fund for the initial option. The net premium
income of the Fund may then substantially offset the realized decrease in
value of the hedged securities.
When the Fund purchases a call on a financial futures contract, it receives
in exchange for the payment of a cash premium the right, but not the
obligation, to enter into the underlying futures contract at a strike price
determined at the time the call was purchased, regardless of the
comparative market of such futures position at the time the option is
exercised. The holder of a call option has the right to receive a long (or
buyer's) position in the underlying futures contract.
The Fund generally will not maintain open positions in futures contracts it
has sold or call options it has written on futures contracts if, in the
aggregate, the value of the open positions (marked to market) exceeds the
current market value of its securities portfolio plus the unrealized loss
or minus the unrealized gain on those open positions, adjusted for the
correlation between the hedged securities and the futures contracts. If
this limitation is exceeded at any time, the Fund will take prompt action
to close out a sufficient number of open contracts to bring its open
futures and options positions within this limitation.
"MARGIN" IN FUTURES TRANSACTIONS
Unlike the purchase or sale of a security, the Fund does not pay or receive
money upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Rather, the Fund is
required to deposit an amount of "initial margin" in cash or U.S. Treasury
bills with its custodian (or the broker, if legally permitted). The nature
of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin
in securities transactions in that initial margin in futures transactions
does not involve the borrowing of funds by the Fund to finance the
transactions. Initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good
faith deposit on the contract which is returned to the Fund upon
termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations
have been satisfied.
A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official
settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund
pays or receives cash, called "variation margin," equal to the daily change
in value of the futures contract. This process is known as "marking to
market." Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the
Fund but is instead settlement between the Fund and the broker of the
amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In
computing its daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market its open
futures positions.
The Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin when it writes
call options on futures contracts.
PURCHASING PUT AND CALL OPTIONS ON PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may purchase put and call options on portfolio securities to
protect against price movements in particular securities in its portfolio.
A put option gives the Fund, in return for a premium, the right to sell the
underlying security to the writer (seller) at a specified price during the
term of the option. A call option gives the Fund, in return for a premium,
the right to buy the underlying securities from the seller.
WRITING COVERED PUT AND CALL OPTIONS ON PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may write covered put and call options to generate income and
thereby protect against price movements in particular securities in the
Fund's portfolio. As the writer of a call option, the Fund has the
obligation upon exercise of the option during the option period to deliver
the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price. As the writer
of a put option, the Fund has the obligation to purchase a security from
the purchaser of the option upon the exercise of the option.
The Fund may only write call options either on securities held in its
portfolio or on securities which it has the right to obtain without payment
of further consideration (or has segregated cash in the amount of any
additional consideration). In the case of put options, the Fund will
segregate cash or U.S. Treasury obligations with a value equal to or
greater than the exercise price of the underlying securities.
OVER-THE-COUNTER OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase and write over-the-counter options ("OTC options") on
portfolio securities or in securities indexes in negotiated transactions
with the buyers or writers of the options when options on the portfolio
securities held by the Fund or when the securities indexes are not traded
on an exchange.
OTC options are two-party contracts with price and terms negotiated between
buyer and seller. In contrast, exchange-traded options are third-party
contracts with standardized strike prices and expiration dates and are
purchased from a clearing corporation. Exchange-traded options have a
continuous liquid market while OTC options may not.
RISKS
OPTIONS
Certain hedging vehicles have risks associated with them including
possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to
the extent the adviser's view as to certain market movements is incorrect,
the risk that the use of such hedging strategies could result in losses
greater than if they had not been used. Use of put and call options may
result in losses to the Fund, force the sale or purchase of portfolio
securities at inopportune times or for prices higher than (in the case of
put options) or lower than (in the case of call options) current market
values, limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on its
investments or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell.
The use of currency transactions can result in the Fund incurring losses as
a result of a number of factors including the imposition of exchange
controls, suspension of settlements, or the inability to deliver or receive
a specified currency. The use of options and futures transactions entails
certain other risks. In particular, the variable degree of correlation
between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the
related portfolio position of the Fund creates the possibility that losses
on the hedging instrument may be greater than gains in the value of the
Fund's position. In addition, futures and options markets may both be
liquid in all circumstances and certain over-the-counter options may have
not markets. As a result, in certain markets, the Fund might not be able
to close out a transaction without incurring substantial losses, if at all.
Although the use of futures and options transactions for hedging should
tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the
hedged position, at the same time they tend to limit any potential gain
which might result from an increase in value of such position. Finally,
the daily variation margin requirements for futures contracts would create
a greater ongoing potential financial risk than would purchase of options,
where the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium. Losses
resulting from the use of hedging strategies would reduce net asset value,
and possibly income, and such losses can be greater than if the hedging
strategies had not been utilized.
COMBINED TRANSACTIONS
The Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple options
transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transaction
(including forward currency contracts) and multiple interest rate
transactions and any combination of futures, options, currency and interest
rate transactions ("component" transactions), instead of a single hedging
strategy, as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the opinion of
the investment adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A
combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present
in each of its component transactions. Although combined transactions are
normally entered into based on the investment adviser's judgment that the
combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve
the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination
will instead increase such risks or hinder achievement of the portfolio
management objective.
SWAPS, CAPS, FLOORS AND COLLARS
Among the hedging strategies into which the Fund may enter are interest
rate, currency and index swaps and the purchase or sale of related caps,
floors, and collars. The Fund expects to enter into these transactions
primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or
portion of its portfolio, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a
duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the
price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. The
Fund intends to use these transactions as hedges and not as speculative
investments and will not sell interest rate caps or floors where it does
not own securities or other instruments providing the income stream the
Fund may be obligated to pay. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by
the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or
receive interest, e.g., an exchange of floating rating payments of fixed
rate payments with respect to a notional amount of principal. A currency
swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows on a notional amount of two or
more currencies based on the relative value differential among them and an
index swap is an agreement to swap cash flows on a notional amount based on
changes in the values of the reference indices. The purchase of a cap
entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount
from the party selling such cap to the extent that a specified index
exceeds a predetermined interest rate or amount. The purchase of a floor
entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount
from the party selling such floor to the extent that specified index falls
below a predetermined interest rate or amount. A collar is a combination
of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined
range of interest rates or values.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two
payment streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or
dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as
the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Inasmuch as
these swaps, caps, floors, and collars are entered into for good faith
hedging purposes, the investment adviser and the Fund believe such
obligations do not constitute senior securities under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, and, accordingly, will not treat them as
being subject to its borrowing restrictions. There is no minimal
acceptable rating for a swap, cap, floor, or collar to be purchased or held
in the Fund's portfolio. If there is a default by the counterparty, the
Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to
the transaction. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years
with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as
principals and agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a
result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Caps, floors and
collars are more recent innovations for which standardized documentation
has not yet been fully developed and, accordingly, they are less liquid
than swaps.
RISKS OF HEDGING STRATEGIES OUTSIDE THE U.S.
When conducted outside the U.S., hedging strategies may not be regulated as
rigorously as in the U.S., may not involve a clearing mechanism and
related guarantees, and are subject to the risk of governmental actions
affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and
other instruments. The value of such positions also could be adversely
affected by: (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic
factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the U.S. of data on which to make
trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Fund's ability to act upon economic
events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the U.S.,
(iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and
procedures and the margin requirements than in the U.S., and (v) lower
trading volume and liquidity.
USE OF SEGREGATED AND OTHER SPECIAL ACCOUNTS
Many hedging strategies, in addition to other requirements, require that
the Fund segregate liquid high grade assets with its custodian to the
extent Fund obligations are not otherwise "covered" through ownership of
the underlying security, financial instrument or currency. In general,
either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver
securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities,
instruments or currency required to be delivered, or, subject to any
regulatory restrictions, an amount of cash or liquid high grade securities
at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be segregated
with the custodian. The segregated assets cannot be sold or transferred
unless equivalent assets are substituted in their place or it is no longer
necessary to segregate them. For example, a call option written by the
Fund will require the Fund to hold the securities subject to the call (or
securities convertible into the needed securities without additional
consideration) or to segregate liquid high grade securities sufficient to
purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised. A call
option sold by the Fund on an index will require the Fund to own portfolio
securities which correlate with the index or to segregate liquid high grade
assets equal to the excess of the index value over the exercise price on a
current basis. A put option written by the Fund requires the Fund to
segregate liquid high grade assets equal to the exercise price.
Except when the Fund enters into a forward contract for the purchase or
sale of a security denominated in a particular currency, a currency
contract which obligates the Fund to buy or sell currency will generally
require the Fund to hold an amount of that currency or liquid securities
denominated in that currency equal to the Fund's obligations or to
segregate liquid high grade assets equal to the amount of the Fund's
obligations.
OTC options entered into by the Fund, including those on securities,
currency, financial instruments or indices and OTC issued and exchange
listed index options, will generally provide for cash settlement. As a
result, when the Fund sells these instruments it will only segregate an
amount of assets equal to its accrued net obligations, as there is no
requirement for payment or delivery of amounts in excess of the net amount.
These amounts will equal 100% of the exercise price in the case of a non
cash-settled put, the same as an OTC guaranteed listed option sold by the
Fund, or the in-the-money amount plus any sell-back formula amount in the
case of a cash-settled put or call. In addition, when the Fund sells a
call option on an index at a time when the in-the-money amount exceeds the
exercise price, the Fund will segregate, until the option expires or is
closed out, cash or cash equivalents equal in value to such excess. OTC
issued and exchange listed options sold by the Fund other than those above
generally settle with physical delivery, and the Fund will segregate an
equal amount of assets equal to the full value of the option. OTC options
settling with physical delivery, or with an election of either physical
delivery or cash settlement will be treated the same as other options
settling with physical delivery.
In the case of a futures contract or an option thereon, the Fund must
deposit initial margin and possibly daily variation margin in addition to
segregating assets sufficient to meet its obligation to purchase or provide
securities or currencies, or to pay the amount owed at the expiration of an
index-based futures contract. Such assets may consist of cash, cash
equivalents, liquid debt or equity securities or other acceptable assets.
With respect to swaps, the Fund will accrue the net amount of the excess,
if any, of its obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap
on a daily basis and will segregate an amount of cash or liquid high grade
securities having a value equal to the accrued excess. Caps, floors and
collars require segregation of assets with a value equal to the Fund's net
obligation, if any.
Strategic transactions may be covered by other means when consistent with
applicable regulatory policies. The Fund may also enter into offsetting
transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated
assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related options and
hedging strategies. For example, the Fund could purchase a put option if
the strike price of that option is the same or higher than the strike price
of a put option sold by the Fund. Moreover, instead of segregating assets
if the Fund held a futures or forward contract, it could purchase a put
option on the same futures or forward contract with a strike price as high
or higher than the price of the contract held. Other hedging strategies
may also be offset in combinations. If the offsetting transaction
terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction no segregation
is required, but if it terminates prior to such time, assets equal to any
remaining obligation would need to be segregated.
The Fund's activities involving hedging strategies may be limited by the
requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the "Code") for qualification as a regulated investment company.
(See "Tax Status")
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
CURRENCY RISKS
The exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies are a
function of such factors as supply and demand in the currency exchange
markets, international balances of payments, governmental intervention,
speculation and other economic and political conditions. Although the Fund
values its assets daily in U.S. dollars, the Fund may not convert its
holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars daily. The Fund may incur
conversion costs when it converts its holdings to another currency. Foreign
exchange dealers may realize a profit on the difference between the price
at which the Fund buys and sells currencies.
The Fund will engage in foreign currency exchange transactions in
connection with its portfolio investments. The Fund will conduct its
foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis
at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market or
through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts in
order to protect against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change
in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency involved
in an underlying transaction. However, forward foreign currency exchange
contracts may limit potential gains which could result from a positive
change in such currency relationships. The investment adviser believes that
it is important to have the flexibility to enter into forward foreign
currency exchange contracts whenever it determines that it is in the Fund's
best interest to do so. The Fund will not speculate in foreign currency
exchange.
The Fund will not enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts or
maintain a net exposure in such contracts when it would be obligated to
deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of its
portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency or, in
the case of a "cross-hedge" denominated in a currency or currencies that
the investment adviser believes will tend to be closely correlated with
that currency with regard to price movements. Generally, the Fund will not
enter into a forward foreign currency exchange contract with a term longer
than one year.
FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS
A foreign currency option provides the option buyer with the right to buy
or sell a stated amount of foreign currency at the exercise price on a
specified date or during the option period. The owner of a call option has
the right, but not the obligation, to buy the currency. Conversely, the
owner of a put option has the right, but not the obligation, to sell the
currency.
When the option is exercised, the seller (i.e., writer) of the option is
obligated to fulfill the terms of the sold option. However, either the
seller or the buyer may, in the secondary market, close its position during
the option period at any time prior to expiration.
A call option on foreign currency generally rises in value if the
underlying currency appreciates in value, and a put option on foreign
currency generally rises in value if the underlying currency depreciates in
value. Although purchasing a foreign currency option can protect the Fund
against an adverse movement in the value of a foreign currency, the option
will not limit the movement in the value of such currency. For example, if
the Fund was holding securities denominated in a foreign currency that was
appreciating and had purchased a foreign currency put to hedge against a
decline in the value of the currency, the Fund would not have to exercise
its put option. Likewise, if the Fund were to enter into a contract to
purchase a security denominated in foreign currency and, in conjunction
with that purchase, were to purchase a foreign currency call option to
hedge against a rise in value of the currency, and if the value of the
currency instead depreciated between the date of purchase and the
settlement date, the Fund would not have to exercise its call. Instead, the
Fund could acquire in the spot market the amount of foreign currency needed
for settlement.
SPECIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS
Buyers and sellers of foreign currency options are subject to the same
risks that apply to options generally. In addition, there are certain risks
associated with foreign currency options. The markets in foreign currency
options are relatively new, and the Fund's ability to establish and close
out positions on such options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid
secondary market. Although the Fund will not purchase or write such options
unless and until, in the opinion of the investment adviser, the market for
them has developed sufficiently to ensure that the risks in connection with
such options are not greater than the risks in connection with the
underlying currency, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary
market will exist for a particular option at any specific time.
In addition, options on foreign currencies are affected by all of those
factors that influence foreign exchange rates and investments generally.
The value of a foreign currency option depends upon the value of the
underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result, the price of
the option position may vary with changes in the value of either or both
currencies and may have no relationship to the investment merits of a
foreign security. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the
interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may
be involved in the use of foreign currency options, investors may be
disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd lot market (generally consisting
of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign
currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign
currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through
dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis.
Available quotation information is generally representative of very large
transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect relatively
smaller transactions (i.e., less than $1 million) where rates may be less
favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-
the-clock market. To the extent that the U.S. option markets are closed
while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant
price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that
cannot be reflected in the options markets until they reopen.
FOREIGN CURRENCY FUTURES TRANSACTIONS
By using foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts,
the Fund may be able to achieve many of the same objectives as it would
through the use of forward foreign currency exchange contracts. The Fund
may be able to achieve these objectives possibly more effectively and at a
lower cost by using futures transactions instead of forward foreign
currency exchange contracts.
SPECIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED
OPTIONS
Buyers and sellers of foreign currency futures contracts are subject to the
same risks that apply to the use of futures generally. In addition, there
are risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts and their use
as a hedging device similar to those associated with options on currencies,
as described above.
Options on foreign currency futures contracts may involve certain
additional risks. Trading options on foreign currency futures contracts is
relatively new. The ability to establish and close out positions on such
options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market. To
reduce this risk, the Fund will not purchase or write options on foreign
currency futures contracts unless and until, in the opinion of the
investment adviser, the market for such options has developed sufficiently
that the risks in connection with such options are not greater than the
risks in connection with transactions in the underlying foreign currency
futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of foreign currency
futures contracts, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts
involves less potential risk to the Fund because the maximum amount at risk
is the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). However, there
may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures
contract would result in a loss, such as when there is no movement in the
price of the underlying currency or futures contract.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AFFECTING ASIA AND THE PACIFIC RIM
Investment in securities of issuers domiciled in Japan and Hong Kong entails
special considerations. Overseas trade is important to Japan's economy. Japan
has few natural resources and must export to pay for its imports of these basic
requirements. Because of the concentration of Japanese exports in highly
visible products, Japan has had difficult relations with its trading partners,
particularly the U.S., where the trade imbalance is the greatest. It is
possible that trade sanctions or other protectionist measures could impact Japan
adversely in both the short and the long term. The Japanese securities markets
are less regulated than those in the United States. Evidence has emerged from
time to time of distortion of market prices to serve political or other
purposes. Shareholders' rights are not always equally enforced.
Hong Kong is a British colony which will transfer sovereignty to the Peoples
Republic of China in 1997. China has espoused policies antagonistic to free
enterprise capitalism and democracy. There can be no guarantee that property
rights will continue to be safeguarded in Hong Kong after 1997, although
recently, China has moved toward free enterprise, and has established stock
exchanges of its own.
Some Southeast Asian countries also may have managed currencies, which are not
free floating against the U.S. dollar. In addition, there is the risk that
certain Southeast Asian countries may restrict the free conversion of their
currencies into other currencies. Further, certain Southeast Asian currencies
may not be internationally traded. Any devaluations in currencies in which the
Fund's portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the
Fund's net asset value.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AFFECTING EMERGING MARKETS
Investing in the securities of issuers domiciled in emerging markets, including
certain Asian markets such as Taiwan, Malaysia and Indonesia, may entail special
risks relating to the potential political and economic instability and the risks
of expropriation, nationalization, confiscation or the imposition of
restrictions on foreign investment, convertibility of currencies into U.S.
dollars and on repatriation of capital invested. In the event of such
expropriation, nationalization or other confiscation by any country, the Fund
could lose its entire investment in any such country.
Emerging securities markets are substantially smaller, less developed, less
liquid and more volatile than the major securities markets. The limited size of
emerging securities markets and limited trading volume in issuers compared to
the volume of trading in U.S. securities could cause price to be erratic for
reasons apart from factors that affect the quality of the securities. For
example, limited market size may cause prices to be unduly influenced by traders
who control large positions. Adverse publicity and investors' perceptions,
whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and
liquidity of portfolio securities in these markets. In addition, securities
traded in certain emerging markets may be subject to risks due to the
inexperience of financial intermediaries, a lack of modern technology, the lack
of a sufficient capital base to expand business operations, and the possibility
of permanent or temporary termination of trading.
Settlement mechanisms in emerging securities markets may be less efficient and
less reliable than in more developed markets. In such emerging securities
markets there may be share registration and delivery delays or failures.
ADDITIONAL RISK CONSIDERATIONS
The Directors consider at least annually the likelihood of the imposition by any
foreign government of exchange control restrictions which would affect the
liquidity of the Fund's assets maintained with custodians in foreign countries,
as well as the degree of risk from political acts of foreign governments to
which such assets may be exposed. The Directors also consider the degree of
risk involved through the holding of portfolio securities in domestic and
foreign securities depositories. However, in the absence of willful
misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the investment
adviser, any losses resulting from the holding of the Fund's portfolio
securities in foreign countries and/or with securities depositories will be at
the risk of shareholders. No assurance can be given that the Directors'
appraisal of the risks will always be correct or that such exchange control
restrictions or political acts of foreign governments might not occur.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund does not intend to invest for the purpose of seeking short-
term profits, securities in its portfolio will be sold whenever the investment
adviser believes it is appropriate to do so in light of the Fund's investment
objective, without regard to the length of time a particular security may have
been held. The investment adviser does not anticipate that portfolio turnover
will result in adverse tax consequences. It is not anticipated that the
portfolio trading engaged in by the Fund will result in its annual rate of
portfolio turnover exceeding 100%; however, the relative performance of the
Fund's investments may make a realignment of the Fund's portfolio desirable from
time to time. The frequency of such portfolio realignments will be determined
by market conditions. Higher portfolio turnover involves correspondingly
greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs that the Fund will
bear directly.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The following investment limitations are fundamental (except that no investment
limitation of the Fund shall prevent the Fund from investing substantially all
of its assets (except for assets which are not considered "investment
securities" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or assets
exempted by the SEC) in an open-end investment company with substantially the
same investment objectives):
SELLING SHORT AND BUYING ON MARGIN
The Fund will not sell any securities short or purchase any securities on
margin, but may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the
clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities. The deposit or
payment by the Fund of initial or variation margin in connection with
financial futures contracts or related options transactions is not
considered the purchase of a security on margin.
ISSUING SENIOR SECURITIES AND BORROWING MONEY
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except that the Fund may borrow
money directly or through reverse repurchase agreements in amounts up to
one-third of the value of its total assets, including the amount borrowed,
and except to the extent that the Fund may enter into futures contracts.
The Fund will not borrow money or engage in reverse repurchase agreements
for investment leverage, but rather as a temporary, extraordinary, or
emergency measure or to facilitate management of the portfolio by enabling
the Fund to meet redemption requests when the liquidation of portfolio
securities is deemed to be inconvenient or disadvantageous. The Fund will
not purchase any securities while any borrowings in excess of 5% of its
total assets are outstanding.
PLEDGING ASSETS
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate any assets except to
secure permitted borrowings. In these cases, the Fund may pledge assets as
necessary to secure such borrowings. For purposes of this limitation, the
following will not be deemed to be pledges of the Fund's assets: (a) the
deposit of assets in escrow in connection with the writing of covered put
or call options and the purchase of securities on a when-issued basis; and
(b) collateral arrangements with respect to: (i) the purchase and sale of
securities options (and options on securities indexes) and (ii) initial or
variation margin for futures contracts.
CONCENTRATION OF INVESTMENTS
The Fund will not invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in
any one industry, except that the Fund may invest 25% or more of the value
of its total assets in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities.
INVESTING IN COMMODITIES
The Fund will not invest in commodities, except that the Fund reserves the
right to engage in transactions involving futures contracts, options, and
forward contracts with respect to securities, securities indexes or
currencies.
INVESTING IN REAL ESTATE
The Fund will not purchase or sell real estate, including limited
partnership interests, although it may invest in the securities of
companies whose business involves the purchase or sale of real estate or in
securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate.
LENDING CASH OR SECURITIES
The Fund will not lend any of its assets, except portfolio securities.
This shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or holding U.S. government
obligations, corporate bonds, money market instruments, debentures, notes,
certificates of indebtedness, or other debt securities, entering into
repurchase agreements, or engaging in other transactions where permitted by
the Fund's investment objective, policies, and limitations or the
Corporation's Articles of Incorporation.
UNDERWRITING
The Fund will not underwrite any issue of securities, except as it may be
deemed to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection
with the sale of securities in accordance with its investment objective,
policies, and limitations.
DIVERSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS
With respect to securities comprising 75% of the value of its total assets,
the Fund will not purchase securities issued by any one issuer (other than
cash, cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities) if, as a result, more than 5% of the
value of its total assets would be invested in the securities of that
issuer, and will not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting
securities of any one issuer.
The above investment limitations cannot be changed without shareholder approval.
The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Directors without
shareholder approval (except that no investment limitation of the Fund shall
prevent the Fund from investing substantially all of its assets (except for
assets which are not considered "investment securities" under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, or assets exempted by the SEC) in an open-end
investment company with substantially the same investment objectives).
Shareholders will be notified before any material changes in these limitations
become effective.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
The Fund will limit its investment in other investment companies to no more
than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any investment company,
will invest no more than 5% of its total assets in any one investment
company, and will invest no more than 10% of its total assets in investment
companies in general. The Fund will purchase securities of investment
companies only in open-market transactions involving only customary
broker's commissions. However, these limitations are not applicable if the
securities are acquired in a merger, consolidation, or acquisition of
assets. It should be noted that investment companies incur certain
expenses such as management fees, and, therefore, any investment by the
Fund in shares of another investment company would be subject to such
duplicate expenses.
INVESTING IN ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund will not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements providing for
settlement in more than seven days after notice, non-negotiable time
deposits with maturities over seven days, over-the-counter options, swap
agreements not determined to be liquid, and certain restricted securities
not determined by the Directors to be liquid.
INVESTING IN NEW ISSUERS
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in
securities of issuers with records of less than three years of continuous
operations, including the operation of any predecessor.
INVESTING IN ISSUERS WHOSE SECURITIES ARE OWNED BY OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF
THE CORPORATION
The Fund will not purchase or retain the securities of any issuer if the
officers and Directors of the Corporation or the Fund's investment adviser,
owning individually more than 1/2 of 1% of the issuer's securities,
together own more than 5% of the issuer's securities.
INVESTING IN MINERALS
The Fund will not purchase interests in oil, gas, or other mineral
exploration or development programs or leases, although it may invest in
the securities of issuers which invest in or sponsor such programs.
PURCHASING SECURITIES TO EXERCISE CONTROL
The Fund will not purchase securities of a company for the purpose of
exercising control or management.
INVESTING IN PUT OPTIONS
The Fund will not purchase put options on securities or futures contracts,
unless the securities or futures contracts are held in the Fund's portfolio
or unless the Fund is entitled to them in deliverable form without further
payment or after segregating cash in the amount of any further payment.
WRITING COVERED CALL OPTIONS
The Fund will not write call options on securities unless the securities or
futures contracts are held in the Fund's portfolio or unless the Fund is
entitled to them in deliverable form without further payment or after
segregating cash in the amount of any further payment.
INVESTING IN WARRANTS
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of the value of its net assets in
warrants, including those acquired in units or attached to other
securities. No more than 2% of the Fund's net assets, to be included within
the overall 5% limit on investments in warrants, may be warrants which are
not listed on the New York or American Stock Exchanges. For purposes of
this investment restriction, warrants will be valued at the lower of cost
or market, except that warrants acquired by the Fund in units with or
attached to securities may be deemed to be without value.
Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to
at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting
from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such
restriction.
The Fund has no present intent to borrow money, pledge securities, or invest in
reverse repurchase agreements in excess of 5% of the value of its total assets
in the coming fiscal year. In addition, the Fund expects to lend not more than
5% of its total assets in the coming fiscal year.
To comply with registration requirements in certain states, the Fund (1) will
limit the aggregate value of the assets underlying covered call options or put
options written by the Fund to not more than 25% of its net assets, (2) will
limit the premiums paid for options purchased by the Fund to 5% of its net
assets, and (3) will limit the margin deposits on futures contracts entered into
by the Fund to 5% of its net assets. (If state requirements change, these
restrictions may be revised without shareholder notification.)
For purposes of its policies and limitations, the Fund considers certificates of
deposit and demand and time deposits issued by a U.S. branch of a domestic bank
or savings and loan having capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of
$100,000,000 at the time of investment to be "cash items."
WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC. MANAGEMENT
Officers and Directors are listed with their addresses, birthdates, present
positions with World Investment Series, Inc., and principal occupations.
John F. Donahue@*
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: July 28, 1924
Chairman and Director
Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investors, Federated Advisers, Federated
Management, and Federated Research; Chairman and Director, Federated Research
Corp. and Federated Global Research Corp.; Chairman, Passport Research, Ltd.;
Chief Executive Officer and Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of
the Funds. Mr. Donahue is the father of J. Christopher Donahue, Executive Vice
President of the Company .
Thomas G. Bigley
28th Floor, One Oxford Centre
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: February 3, 1934
Director
Director, Oberg Manufacturing Co.; Chairman of the Board, Children's Hospital of
Pittsburgh; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds;
formerly, Senior Partner, Ernst & Young LLP.
John T. Conroy, Jr.
Wood/IPC Commercial Department
John R. Wood and Associates, Inc., Realtors
3255 Tamiami Trail North
Naples, FL
Birthdate: June 23, 1937
Director
President, Investment Properties Corporation; Senior Vice-President, John R.
Wood and Associates, Inc., Realtors; President, Northgate Village Development
Corporation; Partner or Trustee in private real estate ventures in Southwest
Florida; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly,
President, Naples Property Management, Inc.
William J. Copeland
One PNC Plaza - 23rd Floor
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: July 4, 1918
Director
Director and Member of the Executive Committee, Michael Baker, Inc.; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, Vice Chairman and
Director, PNC Bank, N.A., and PNC Bank Corp. and Director, Ryan Homes, Inc.
James E. Dowd
571 Hayward Mill Road
Concord, MA
Birthdate: May 18, 1922
Director
Attorney-at-law; Director, The Emerging Germany Fund, Inc.; Director, Trustee,
or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Lawrence D. Ellis, M.D.*
3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1111
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 11, 1932
Director
Professor of Medicine and Member, Board of Trustees, University of Pittsburgh;
Medical Director, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center - Downtown; Member,
Board of Directors, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; formerly,
Hematologist, Oncologist, and Internist, Presbyterian and Montefiore Hospitals;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Richard B. Fisher *
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: May 17, 1923
President and Director
Executive Vice President and Trustee, Federated Investors; Chairman and
Director, Federated Securities Corp.; President or Vice President of some of the
Funds; Director or Trustee of some of the Funds.
Edward L. Flaherty, Jr.@
Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty
Two Gateway Center - Suite 674
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: June 18, 1924
Director
Attorney-at-law; Shareholder, Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty; Director,
Eat'N Park Restaurants, Inc., and Statewide Settlement Agency, Inc.; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, Counsel, Horizon
Financial, F.A., Western Region.
Peter E. Madden
Seacliff
562 Bellevue Avenue
Newport, RI
Birthdate: March 16, 1942
Director
Consultant; State Representative, Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, President, State
Street Bank and Trust Company and State Street Boston Corporation.
Gregor F. Meyer
Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty
Two Gateway Center - Suite 674
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 6, 1926
Director
Attorney-at-law; Shareholder, Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty; Chairman,
Meritcare, Inc.; Director, Eat'N Park Restaurants, Inc.; Director, Trustee, or
Managing General Partner of the Funds.
John E. Murray, Jr., J.D., S.J.D.
President, Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: December 20, 1932
Director
President, Law Professor, Duquesne University; Consulting Partner, Mollica,
Murray and Hogue; Director, Trustee or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Wesley W. Posvar
1202 Cathedral of Learning
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: September 14, 1925
Director
Professor, International Politics and Management Consultant; Trustee, Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, RAND Corporation, Online Computer Library
Center, Inc., and U.S. Space Foundation; Chairman, Czecho Management Center;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; President Emeritus,
University of Pittsburgh; founding Chairman, National Advisory Council for
Environmental Policy and Technology and Federal Emergency Management Advisory
Board.
Marjorie P. Smuts
4905 Bayard Street
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: June 21, 1935
Director
Public relations/marketing consultant; Conference Coordinator, Non-profit
entities; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
J. Christopher Donahue
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: April 11, 1949
Executive Vice President
President and Trustee, Federated Investors, Federated Advisers, Federated
Management, and Federated Research; President and Director, Federated Research
Corp. and Federated Global Research Corp.; President, Passport Research, Ltd.;
Trustee, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Services Company, and
Federated Shareholder Services; President or Vice President of the Funds;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of some of the Funds. Mr. Donahue
is the son of John F. Donahue, Chairman and Director of the Company.
Edward C. Gonzales
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 22, 1930
Executive Vice President
Vice Chairman, Treasurer, and Trustee, Federated Investors; Vice President,
Federated Advisers, Federated Management, Federated Research, Federated Research
Corp., Federated Global Research Corp. and Passport Research, Ltd.; Executive
Vice President and Director, Federated Securities Corp.; Trustee, Federated
Services Company; Chairman, Treasurer, and Trustee, Federated Administrative
Services; Trustee or Director of some of the Funds; President, Executive Vice
President and Treasurer of some of the Funds.
John W. McGonigle
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 26, 1938
Executive Vice President and Secretary
Executive Vice President, Secretary, General Counsel, and Trustee, Federated
Investors; Trustee, Federated Advisers, Federated Management, and Federated
Research; Director, Federated Research Corp. and Federated Global Research
Corp.; Trustee, Federated Services Company; Executive Vice President, Secretary,
and Trustee, Federated Administrative Services; President and Trustee, Federated
Shareholder Services; Director, Federated Securities Corp.; Executive Vice
President and Secretary of the Funds.
David M. Taylor
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: January 13, 1947
Treasurer
Senior Vice President, Controller, and Trustee, Federated Investors; Controller,
Federated Advisers, Federated Management, Federated Research, Federated Research
Corp., and Passport Research, Ltd.; Senior Vice President, Federated
Shareholder Services; Vice President, Federated Administrative Services;
Treasurer of some of the Funds.
* This Director is deemed to be an "interested person" as defined in the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
@ Member of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee of the Board of
Directors handles the responsibilities of the Board of Directors between
meetings of the Board.
As used in the table above, "The Funds" and "Funds" mean the following
investment companies: American Leaders Fund, Inc.; Annuity Management Series;
Arrow Funds; Automated Government Money Trust; Blanchard Funds; Blanchard
Precious Metals, Inc.; Cash Trust Series II; Cash Trust Series, Inc.; DG
Investor Series; Edward D. Jones & Co. Daily Passport Cash Trust; Federated ARMs
Fund; Federated Equity Funds; Federated Exchange Fund, Ltd.; Federated GNMA
Trust; Federated Government Trust; Federated High Yield Trust; Federated Income
Securities Trust; Federated Income Trust; Federated Index Trust; Federated
Institutional Trust; Federated Master Trust; Federated Municipal Trust;
Federated Short-Term Municipal Trust; Federated Short-Term U.S. Government
Trust; Federated Stock Trust; Federated Tax-Free Trust; Federated Total Return
Series, Inc.; Federated U.S. Government Bond Fund; Federated U.S. Government
Securities Fund: 1-3 Years; Federated U.S. Government Securities Fund: 3-5
Years; First Priority Funds; Fixed Income Securities, Inc.; Fortress Adjustable
Rate U.S. Government Fund, Inc.; Fortress Municipal Income Fund, Inc.; Fortress
Utility Fund, Inc.; Fund for U.S. Government Securities, Inc.; Government Income
Securities, Inc.; High Yield Cash Trust; Insurance Management Series;
Intermediate Municipal Trust; International Series, Inc.; Investment Series
Funds, Inc.; Investment Series Trust; Liberty Equity Income Fund, Inc.; Liberty
High Income Bond Fund, Inc.; Liberty Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.; Liberty
U.S. Government Money Market Trust; Liberty Term Trust, Inc. - 1999; Liberty
Utility Fund, Inc.; Liquid Cash Trust; Managed Series Trust; Money Market
Management, Inc.; Money Market Obligations Trust; Money Market Trust; Municipal
Securities Income Trust; Newpoint Funds; 111 Corcoran Funds; Peachtree Funds;
The Planters Funds; RIMCO Monument Funds; The Shawmut Funds; Star Funds; The
Starburst Funds; The Starburst Funds II; Stock and Bond Fund, Inc.; Sunburst
Funds; Targeted Duration Trust; Tax-Free Instruments Trust; Trademark Funds;
Trust for Financial Institutions; Trust For Government Cash Reserves; Trust for
Short-Term U.S. Government Securities; Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations; The
Virtus Funds; and World Investment Series, Inc.
FUND OWNERSHIP
Officers and Directors own less than 1% of the Fund's outstanding Shares.
DIRECTORS COMPENSATION
AGGREGATE
NAME , COMPENSATION
POSITION WITH FROM TOTAL COMPENSATION PAID
CORPORATION CORPORATION *# FROM FUND COMPLEX +
John F. Donahue $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
Chairman and Director 68 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Thomas G. Bigley $ 0 $20,688 for the Corporation and
Director 49 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
John T. Conroy, Jr. $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
William J. Copeland $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
James E. Dowd $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Lawrence D. Ellis, M.D. $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Richard B. Fisher$ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
President and Director 8 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Edward L. Flaherty, Jr. $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Peter E. Madden $ 0 $90,563 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Gregor F. Meyer $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
John E. Murray, Jr. $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
Director 69 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Wesley W. Posvar $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Marjorie P. Smuts$ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
*Information is furnished for the period from January 26, 1994 (organization
date of the Corporation) to November 30, 1994.
#The aggregate compensation is provided for the Corporation which was comprised
of 1 portfolio, as of
November 30, 1994.
+The information is provided for the last calendar year end.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
ADVISER TO THE FUND
The Fund's investment adviser is Federated Global Research Corp. (the
"Adviser"). It is a subsidiary of Federated Investors. All the voting securities
of Federated Investors are owned by a trust, the trustees of which are John F.
Donahue, his wife, and his son, J. Christopher Donahue.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Corporation, the Fund, or any shareholder
of the Fund for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or
sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or
omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or
reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the
Corporation.
ADVISORY FEES
For its advisory services, the Adviser receives an annual investment advisory
fee as described in each prospectus.
STATE EXPENSE LIMITATIONS
The Adviser has undertaken to comply with the expense limitations
established by certain states for investment companies whose shares are
registered for sale in those states. If the Fund's normal operating
expenses (including the investment advisory fee, but not including
brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, and extraordinary expenses) exceed
2-1/2% per year of the first $30 million of average net assets, 2% per year
of the next $70 million of average net assets, and 1-1/2% per year of the
remaining average net assets, the Adviser will reimburse the Fund for its
expenses over the limitation.
If the Fund's monthly projected operating expenses exceed this limitation,
the investment advisory fee paid will be reduced by the amount of the
excess, subject to an annual adjustment. If the expense limitation is
exceeded, the amount to be reimbursed by the Adviser will be limited, in
any single fiscal year, by the amount of the investment advisory fee.
This arrangement is not part of the advisory contract and may be amended or
rescinded in the future.
OTHER RELATED SERVICES
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic
equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the
purchase of shares of funds offered by Federated Securities Corp.
OTHER SERVICES
FUND ADMINISTRATION
Federated Administrative Services, a subsidiary of Federated Investors, provides
administrative personnel and services to the Fund for a fee as described in each
prospectus. Dr. Henry J. Gailliot, an officer of Federated Global Research
Corp., the Adviser to the Fund, holds approximately 20% of the outstanding
common stock and serves as a director of Commercial Data Services, Inc., a
company which provides computer processing services to Federated Administrative
Services.
CUSTODIAN
State Street Bank and Trust Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-
8600, is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund. Foreign instruments
purchased by the Fund are held by foreign banks participating in a network
coordinated by State Street Bank.
TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT
Federated Services Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600, is
transfer agent for the Shares of the Fund, and dividend disbursing agent for the
Fund. The fee paid to the transfer agent is based upon the size, type, and
number of accounts and transactions made by shareholders.
Federated Services Company also maintains the Fund's accounting records. The
fee paid for this service is based upon the level of the Fund's average net
assets for the period plus out-of-pocket expenses.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The independent auditors for the Fund are Ernst & Young LLP, One Oxford Centre,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The Adviser may select brokers and dealers who offer brokerage and research
services. These services may be furnished directly to the Fund or to the Adviser
and may include:
o advice as to the advisability of investing in securities;
o security analysis and reports;
o economic studies;
o industry studies;
o receipt of quotations for portfolio evaluations; and
o similar services.
The Adviser and its affiliates exercise reasonable business judgment in
selecting brokers who offer brokerage and research services to execute
securities transactions. They determine in good faith that commissions charged
by such persons are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research services provided.
Research services provided by brokers may be used by the Adviser or by
affiliates of Federated Investors in advising other accounts. To the extent that
receipt of these services may supplant services for which the Adviser or its
affiliates might otherwise have paid, it would tend to reduce their expenses.
Although investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of
the other accounts managed by the Adviser, investments of the type the Fund may
make may also be made by those other accounts. When the Fund and one or more
other accounts managed by the Adviser are prepared to invest in, or desire to
dispose of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales
will be allocated in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable to each.
In some cases, this procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by
the Fund or the size of the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. In
other cases, however, it is believed that coordination and the ability to
participate in volume transactions will be to the benefit of the Fund.
The Adviser may engage in other non-U.S. transactions that may have adverse
effects on the market for securities in the Fund's portfolio. The Adviser is
not obligated to obtain any material non-public ("inside") information about any
securities issuer, or to base purchase or sale recommendations on such
information.
PURCHASING SHARES
Except under certain circumstances described in each prospectus, Shares are sold
at their net asset value (plus a sales load on Class A Shares only) on days the
New York Stock Exchange is open for business. The procedure for purchasing
Shares is explained in each prospectus under "How To Purchase Shares."
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES AGREEMENT
These arrangements permit the payment of fees to financial institutions, the
distributor, and Federated Shareholder Services as appropriate, to stimulate
distribution activities and to cause services to be provided to shareholders by
a representative who has knowledge of the shareholder's particular circumstances
and goals. These activities and services may include, but are not limited to,
marketing efforts; providing office space, equipment, telephone facilities, and
various clerical, supervisory, computer, and other personnel as necessary or
beneficial to establish and maintain shareholder accounts and records;
processing purchase and redemption transactions and automatic investments of
client account cash balances; answering routine client inquiries; and assisting
clients in changing dividend options, account designations, and addresses.
By adopting the Distribution Plan, the Directors expect that the Class A Shares,
Class B Shares, and Class C Shares of the Fund will be able to achieve a more
predictable flow of cash for investment purposes and to meet redemptions. This
will facilitate more efficient portfolio management and assist the Fund in
pursuing its investment objectives. By identifying potential investors whose
needs are served by the Fund's objectives, and properly servicing these
accounts, it may be possible to curb sharp fluctuations in rates of redemptions
and sales.
Other benefits, which may be realized under either arrangement, may include: (1)
providing personal services to shareholders; (2) investing shareholder assets
with a minimum of delay and administrative detail; (3) enhancing shareholder
recordkeeping systems; and (4) responding promptly to shareholders' requests and
inquiries concerning their accounts.
CONVERSION TO FEDERAL FUNDS
It is the Fund's policy to be as fully invested as possible so that maximum
interest may be earned. To this end, all payments from shareholders must be in
federal funds or be converted into federal funds before shareholders begin to
earn dividends. Federated Services Company acts as the shareholder's agent in
depositing checks and converting them to federal funds.
PURCHASES BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES, DIRECTORS, AND EMPLOYEES OF THE FUND
Directors, employees, and sales representatives of the Fund, Federated Global
Research Corp., and Federated Securities Corp. or their affiliates, or any
investment dealer who has a sales agreement with Federated Securities Corp. and
their spouses and children under 21, may buy Class A Shares at net asset value
without a sales load. Shares may also be sold without a sales load to trusts or
pension or profit-sharing plans for these people.
These sales are made with the purchaser's written assurance that the purchase is
for investment purposes and that the securities will not be resold except
through redemption by the Fund.
DETERMINING NET ASSET VALUE
Net asset value generally changes each day. The days on which net asset value is
calculated by the Fund are described in each prospectus.
DETERMINING MARKET VALUE OF SECURITIES
Market values of the Fund's portfolio securities, other than options, are
determined as follows:
o for equity securities, according to the last sale price in the market in
which they are primarily traded (either a national securities exchange or
the over-the-counter market), if available;
o in the absence of recorded sales for equity securities, according to the
mean between the last closing bid and asked prices;
o for bonds and other fixed income securities, as determined by an
independent pricing service;
o for short-term obligations, according to the prices as furnished by an
independent pricing service, except that short-term obligations with
remaining maturities of less than 60 days at the time of purchase may be
valued at amortized cost; and
o for all other securities, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Directors.
Prices provided by independent pricing services may be determined without
relying exclusively on quoted prices and may consider: insititutional trading in
similar groups of securities, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of
issue, trading characteristics, and other market data.
The Fund will value futures contracts and options at their market values
established by the exchanges on which they are traded at the close of trading on
such exchanges unless the Directors determine in good faith that another method
of valuing such investments is necessary.
TRADING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES
Trading in foreign securities may be completed at times which vary from the
closing of the New York Stock Exchange. In computing the net asset value, the
Fund values foreign securities at the latest closing price on the exchange on
which they are traded immediately prior to the closing of the New York Stock
Exchange. Certain foreign currency exchange rates may also be determined at the
latest rate prior to the closing of the New York Stock Exchange. Foreign
securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at
current rates. Occasionally, events that affect these values and exchange rates
may occur between the times at which they are determined and the closing of the
New York Stock Exchange. If such events materially affect the value of
portfolio securities, these securities may be valued at their fair value as
determined in good faith by the Directors, although the actual calculation may
be done by others.
REDEEMING SHARES
The Fund redeems Shares at the next computed net asset value, less any
applicable contingent deferred sales charge, after the Fund receives the
redemption request. Redemption procedures are explained in each prospectus under
"How To Redeem Shares." Although the transfer agent does not charge for
telephone redemptions, it reserves the right to charge a fee for the cost of
wire-transferred redemptions of less than $5,000.
Class B Shares redeemed within six years of purchase and Class C Shares and
applicable Class A Shares redeemed within one year of purchase may be subject to
a contingent deferred sales charge. The amount of the contingent deferred sales
charge is based upon the amount of the administrative fee paid at the time of
purchase by the distributor to the financial institution for services rendered,
and the length of time the investor remains a shareholder in the Fund. Should
financial institutions elect to receive an amount less than the administrative
fee that is stated in the prospectus for servicing a particular shareholder, the
contingent deferred sales charge and/or holding period for that particular
shareholder will be reduced accordingly.
Since portfolio securities of the Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges which
trade on Saturdays or on holidays on which the Fund will not make redemptions,
the net asset value of each class of Shares of the Fund may be significantly
affected on days when shareholders do not have an opportunity to redeem their
Shares.
REDEMPTION IN KIND
Although the Corporation intends to redeem Shares in cash, it reserves the right
under certain circumstances to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a
distribution of securities from the respective Fund's portfolio. To the extent
available, such securities will be readily marketable.
The Corporation has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 of the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, under which the Corporation is obligated to
redeem Shares for any one shareholder in cash only up to the lesser of $250,000
or 1% of the respective class's net asset value during any 90-day period.
Any redemption beyond this amount will also be in cash unless the Directors
determine that payment should be in kind. In such a case, the Fund will pay all
or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio instruments, valued
in the same way as the Fund determines net asset value. The portfolio
instruments will be selected in a manner that the Directors deem fair and
equitable.
Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. If redemption is made
in kind, shareholders receiving their securities and selling them before their
maturity could receive less than the redemption value of their securities and
could incur certain transaction costs.
TAX STATUS
THE FUND'S TAX STATUS
The Fund will pay no federal income tax because it expects to meet the
requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,
applicable to regulated investment companies and to receive the special tax
treatment afforded to such companies. To qualify for this treatment, the Fund
must, among other requirements:
o derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, and gains
from the sale of securities;
o derive less than 30% of its gross income from the sale of securities held
less than three months;
o invest in securities within certain statutory limits; and
o distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its net income earned during
the year.
However, the Fund may invest in the stock of certain foreign corporations which
would constitute a Passive Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"). Federal income
taxes may be imposed on the Fund upon disposition of PFIC investments.
FOREIGN TAXES
Investment income on certain foreign securities in which the Fund may invest may
be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes that could reduce the return on
these securities. Tax treaties between the United States and foreign countries,
however, may reduce or eliminate the amount of foreign taxes to which the Fund
would be subject.
SHAREHOLDERS' TAX STATUS
Shareholders are subject to federal income tax on dividends and capital gains
received as cash or additional Shares. The Fund's dividends, and any short-term
capital gains, are taxable as ordinary income.
CAPITAL GAINS
Shareholders will pay federal tax at capital gains rates on long-term
capital gains distributed to them regardless of how long they have held the
Fund Shares.
TOTAL RETURN
The average annual total return for each class of Shares of the Fund is the
average compounded rate of return for a given period that would equate a $1,000
initial investment to the ending redeemable value of that investment. The ending
redeemable value is computed by multiplying the number of Shares owned at the
end of the period by the net asset value per share at the end of the period. The
number of Shares owned at the end of the period is based on the number of Shares
purchased at the beginning of the period with $1,000, less any applicable sales
load, adjusted over the period by any additional Shares, assuming the annual
reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge is deducted from the ending
value of the investment based on the lesser of the original purchase price or
the net asset value of Shares redeemed.
YIELD
The yield for each class of Shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the net
investment income per share (as defined by the Securities and Exchange
Commission) earned by any class of Shares over a thirty-day period by the
maximum offering price per share of the respective class on the last day of the
period. This value is annualized using semi-annual compounding. This means that
the amount of income generated during the thirty-day period is assumed to be
generated each month over a 12-month period and is reinvested every six months.
The yield does not necessarily reflect income actually earned by the Fund
because of certain adjustments required by the Securities and Exchange
Commission and, therefore, may not correlate to the dividends or other
distributions paid to the shareholders.
To the extent that financial institutions and broker/dealers charge fees in
connection with services provided in conjunction with an investment in any class
of Shares, the performance will be reduced for those shareholders paying those
fees.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS
The performance of each of the classes of Shares depends upon such variables as:
o portfolio quality;
o average portfolio maturity;
o type of instruments in which the portfolio is invested;
o changes in interest rates and market value of portfolio securities;
o changes in the Fund's or any class of Shares' expenses; and
o various other factors.
The Fund's performance fluctuates on a daily basis largely because net earnings
and offering price per Share fluctuate daily. Both net earnings and offering
price per Share are factors in the computation of yield and total return.
Investors may use financial publications and/or indices to obtain a more
complete view of the Fund's performance. When comparing performance, investors
should consider all relevant factors such as the composition of any index used,
prevailing market conditions, portfolio compositions of other funds, and methods
used to value portfolio securities and compute offering price. The financial
publications and/or indices which the Fund uses in advertising may include:
o STANDARD & POOR'S DAILY STOCK PRICE INDEX OF 500 COMMON STOCKS (S&P 500), a
composite index of common stocks in industry, transportation, and financial
and public utility companies, can be used to compare to the total returns
of funds whose portfolios are invested primarily in common stocks. In
addition, the S & P 500 assumes reinvestments of all dividends paid by
stocks listed on its index. Taxes due on any of these distributions are not
included, nor are brokerage or other fees calculated in the Standard &
Poor's figures.
o LIPPER ANALYTICAL SERVICES, INC., ranks funds in various fund categories by
making comparative calculations using total return. Total return assumes
the reinvestment of all capital gains distributions and income dividends
and takes into account any change in net asset value over a specified
period of time. From time to time, the Fund will quote its Lipper ranking
in the "pacific region funds" category in advertising and sales literature.
o MORGAN STANLEY CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL WORLD INDICES, including, among
others, the Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australia, Far
East Index ("EAFE Index"). The EAFE Index is an unmanaged index of more
than 1,000 companies of Europe, Australia, and the Far East.
o IBBOTSON ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONAL BOND INDEX, which provides a detailed
breakdown of local market and currency returns since 1960.
o BEAR STEARNS FOREIGN BOND INDEX, which provides simple average returns for
individual countries and GNP-weighted index, beginning in 1975. The
returns are broken down by local market and currency.
o MORNINGSTAR, INC. , an independent rating service, is the publisher of the
bi-weekly Mutual Fund Values. Mutual Fund Values rates more than 1,000
NASDAQ-listed mutual funds of all types, according to their risk-adjusted
returns. The maximum rating is five stars, and ratings are effective for
two weeks.
From time to time, the Fund may quote information including but not limited to
data regarding: individual countries, regions, world stock exchanges, and
economic and demographic statistics from sources deemed reliable.
Advertisements and other sales literature for any class of Shares may quote
total returns which are calculated on non-standardized base periods. These total
returns also represent the historic change in the value of an investment in any
class of Shares based on annual reinvestment of dividends over a specified
period of time.
From time to time as it deems appropriate, the Fund may advertise the
performance of any class of Shares using charts, graphs, and descriptions,
compared to federally insured bank products including certificates of deposit
and time deposits and to money market funds using the Lipper Analytical Services
money market instruments average. In addition, advertising and sales literature
for the Fund may use charts and graphs to illustrate the principles of dollar-
cost averaging and may disclose the amount of dividends paid by the Fund over
certain periods of time.
Advertisements may quote performance information which does not reflect the
effect of the sales load on Class A Shares.
ABOUT FEDERATED INVESTORS
Federated Investors is dedicated to meeting investor needs which is reflected
in its investment decision making-structured, straightforward, and consistent.
This has resulted in a history of competitive performance with a range of
competitive investment products that have gained the confidence of thousands of
clients and their customers.
The company's disciplined security selection process is firmly rooted in sound
methodologies backed by fundamental and technical research. Investment
decisions are made and executed by teams of portfolio managers, analysts, and
traders dedicated to specific market sectors.
In the equity sector, Federated Investors has more than 25 years' experience.
As of December 31, 1994, Federated managed 15 equity funds totaling
approximately $4 billion in assets across growth, value, equity income,
international, index and sector (i.e. utility) styles. Federated's value-
oriented management style combines quantitative and qualitative analysis and
features a structured, computer-assisted composite modeling system that was
developed in the 1970s.
J. Thomas Madden, Executive Vice President, oversees Federated Investors' equity
and high yield corporate bond management while William D. Dawson, Executive Vice
President, oversees Federated Investors' domestic fixed income management.
Henry A. Frantzen, Executive Vice President, oversees the management of
Federated Investors' international portfolios.
MUTUAL FUND MARKET
Twenty-seven percent of American households are pursuing their financial goals
through mutual funds. These investors, as well as businesses and institutions,
have entrusted over $2 trillion to the more than 5,500 funds available.*
Federated Investors, through its subsidiaries, distributes mutual funds for a
variety of investment applications. Specific markets include:
*source: Investment Company Institute
INSTITUTIONAL CLIENTS
Federated Investors meets the needs of more than 4,000 institutional clients
nationwide by managing and servicing separate accounts and mutual funds for a
variety of applications, including defined benefit and defined contribution
programs, cash management, and asset/liability management. Institutional
clients include corporations, pension funds, tax-exempt entities,
foundations/endowments, insurance companies, and investment and financial
advisors. The marketing effort to these institutional clients is headed by
John B. Fisher, President, Institutional Sales Division.
TRUST ORGANIZATIONS
Other institutional clients include close relationships with more than 1,500
banks and trust organizations. Virtually all of the trust divisions of the top
100 bank holding companies use Federated funds in their clients' portfolios.
The marketing effort to trust clients is headed by Mark R. Gensheimer, Executive
Vice President, Bank Marketing & Sales.
BROKER/DEALERS AND BANK BROKER/DEALER SUBSIDIARIES
Federated funds are available to consumers through major brokerage firms
nationwide--including 200 New York Stock Exchange firms--supported by more
wholesalers than any other mutual fund distributor. The marketing effort to
these firms is headed by James F. Getz, President, Broker/Dealer Division.
APPENDIX
STANDARD AND POOR'S RATINGS GROUP LONG TERM DEBT RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's Ratings
Group. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA--Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
and differs from the higher rated issues only in small degree.
A--Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB--Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest
and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for
debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
BB--Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other
speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure
to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to
inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB
rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied BBB- rating.
B--Debt rated B has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the
capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business,
financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to
pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt
subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB-
rating.
CCC--Debt rated CCC has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and
is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet
timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the
capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also
used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied
B or B- rating.
CC--The rating CC typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that
is assigned an actual or implied CCC debt rating.
C--The rating C typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which
is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating. The C rating may be used to
cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service
payments are continued.
CI--The rating CI is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being
paid.
D--Debt rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when
interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the
applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's Ratings Group
believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating
also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service
payments are jeopardized.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. LONG TERM BOND RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Bonds which are rated AAA are judged to be of the best quality. They carry
the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt
edged". Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable
margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely
to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
fundamentally strong position of such issues.
AA--Bonds which are rated AA are judged to be of high quality by all standards.
Together with the AAA group, they comprise what are generally known as high
grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in AAA securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in AAA securities.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are
to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which
suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
BAA--Bonds which are rated BAA are considered as medium grade obligations,
(i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments
and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well.
BA--Bonds which are BA are judged to have speculative elements; their future
cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and
principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during
both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes
bonds in this class.
B--Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of
other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
CAA--Bonds which are rated CAA are of poor standing. Such issues may be in
default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or
interest.
CA--Bonds which are rated CA represent obligations which are speculative in a
high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked
shortcomings.
C--Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so
rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any
real investment standing.
FITCH INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. LONG-TERM DEBT RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality.
The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay
principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The
obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although
not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA
categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments,
short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
A--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The
obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be
strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and
circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
BBB--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality.
The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be
adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are
more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore, impair timely
payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below
investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.
BB--Bonds are considered speculative. The obligor's ability to pay interest and
repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However,
business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the
obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B--Bonds are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are
currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely
payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor's limited margin of
safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the
life of the issue.
CCC--Bonds have certain indentifiable characteristics which, if not remedied,
may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous
business and economic environment.
CC--Bonds are minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or
principal seems probable over time.
C--Bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal.
DDD, DD, AND D--Bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments.
Such bonds are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their
ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD
represents the highest potential for recovery on these bonds, and D represents
the lowest potential for recovery.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
PRIME-1--Issuers rated PRIME-1 (or related supporting institutions) have a
superior capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. PRIME-1
repayment capacity will normally be evidenced by the following characteristics:
- - Leading market positions in well established industries.
- - High rates of return on funds employed.
- - Conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample
asset protection.
- - Broad margins in earning coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal
cash generation.
- - Well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of
alternate liquidity.
PRIME-2--Issuers rated PRIME-2 (or related supporting institutions) have a
strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This will
normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser
degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject
to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be
more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
STANDARD AND POOR'S RATINGS GROUP COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
A-1--This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely
payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety
characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.
A-2--Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is
satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for
issues designated A-1.
FITCH INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. COMMERCIAL PAPER RATING DEFINITIONS
FITCH-1--(Highest Grade) Commercial paper assigned this rating is regarded as
having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
FITCH-2--(Very Good Grade) Issues assigned this rating reflect an assurance of
timely payment only slightly less in degree than the strongest issues.
G01470-03 (1/96)
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR
MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR
THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE
UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS
OF ANY SUCH STATE.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED JANUARY 17, 1996
FEDERATED EMERGING MARKETS FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
PROSPECTUS
The Class A Shares of Federated Emerging Markets Fund (the "Fund") represent
interests in a diversified portfolio of World Investment Series, Inc. (the
"Corporation"), an open-end management investment company (a mutual fund). The
investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital. Any
income received from the portfolio is incidental. The Fund pursues its
investment objective by investing primarily in a professionally managed
portfolio of securities of issuers and companies domiciled in or having primary
operations in emerging markets.
THE CLASS A SHARES OFFERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF
ANY BANK, ARE NOT ENDORSED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY BANK, AND ARE NOT INSURED BY THE
FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER
GOVERNMENT AGENCY. INVESTMENT IN THESE CLASS A SHARES INVOLVES INVESTMENT RISKS,
INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF PRINCIPAL.
This prospectus contains the information you should read and know before you
invest in the Class A Shares of the Fund. Keep this prospectus for future
reference.
The Fund has also filed a Statement of Additional Information for Class A
Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares dated February 13, 1996, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. The information contained in the Statement
of Additional Information is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You
may request a copy of the Statement of Additional Information, or a paper copy
of this prospectus, if you have received your prospectus electronically, free of
charge by calling 1-800-235-4669. To obtain other information or to make
inquiries about the Fund, contact your financial institution.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
Prospectus dated February 13, 1996
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES 1
- ------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION 2
- ------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT INFORMATION 2
- ------------------------------------------------------
Investment Objective 2
Investment Policies 3
Investment Limitations 13
NET ASSET VALUE 14
- ------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES 14
- ------------------------------------------------------
What Shares Cost 15
Special Purchase Features 18
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE 18
- ------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES 19
- ------------------------------------------------------
Special Redemption Features 20
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge 21
Elimination of Contingent Deferred
Sales Charge 21
ACCOUNT AND SHARE INFORMATION 22
- ------------------------------------------------------
CORPORATION INFORMATION 23
- ------------------------------------------------------
Management of the Corporation 23
Distribution of Class A Shares 24
Administration of the Fund 26
Expenses of the Fund and
Class A Shares 26
Brokerage Transactions 26
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 27
- ------------------------------------------------------
Voting Rights 27
TAX INFORMATION 27
- ------------------------------------------------------
Federal Income Tax 27
State and Local Taxes 28
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION 28
- ------------------------------------------------------
OTHER CLASSES OF SHARES 29
- ------------------------------------------------------
ADDRESSES 30
- ------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
CLASS A SHARES
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION EXPENSES
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)................ 5.50%
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Reinvested Dividends (as a percentage of offering price)..... None
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (as a percentage of original purchase price
or redemption proceeds, as applicable)(1)................................................ 0.00%
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable)......................... None
Exchange Fee............................................................................... None
ANNUAL OPERATING EXPENSES
(As a percentage of projected average net assets)*
Management Fee (after waiver)(2)........................................................... 0.35%
12b-1 Fee(3)............................................................................... 0.00%
Total Other Expenses....................................................................... 1.62%
Shareholder Services Fee........................................................ 0.25%
Total Operating Expenses(4)............................................................ 1.97%
</TABLE>
(1) Class A Shares purchased with the proceeds of a redemption of shares of an
unaffiliated investment company purchased or redeemed with a sales load and not
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. may be charged a contingent deferred
sales charge of 0.50% for redemptions made within one full year of purchase. See
"Contingent Deferred Sales Charge."
(2) The estimated management fee has been reduced to reflect the anticipated
voluntary waiver of a portion of the management fee. The adviser can terminate
this anticipated voluntary waiver at any time at its sole discretion. The
maximum management fee is 1.25%.
(3) Class A Shares have no present intention of paying or accruing the 12b-1 fee
during the fiscal year ending November 30, 1996. If Class A Shares were paying
or accruing the 12b-1, the Class A Shares would be able to pay up to 0.25% of
its average daily net assets for the 12b-1 fee. See "Corporation Information."
(4) The operating expenses are estimated to be 2.87% absent the anticipated
voluntary waiver of a portion of the management fee.
* Total operating expenses in the table above are estimated based on average
expenses expected to be incurred during the period ending November 30, 1996.
During the course of this period, expenses may be more or less than the
average amount shown.
The purpose of this table is to assist an investor in understanding the
various costs and expenses that a shareholder of Class A Shares will bear,
either directly or indirectly. For more complete descriptions of the various
costs and expenses, see "What Shares Cost" and "Corporation Information."
Wire-transferred redemptions of less than $5,000 may be subject to additional
fees.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXAMPLE 1 year 3 years
------ -------
<S> <C> <C>
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming (1) 5%
annual return and (2) redemption at the end of each time period............... $ 79 $ 113
You would pay the following expenses on the same investment, assuming no
redemption.................................................................... $ 74 $ 113
</TABLE>
THE ABOVE EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR
FUTURE EXPENSES. ACTUAL EXPENSES MAY BE GREATER OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN. THIS
EXAMPLE IS BASED ON ESTIMATED DATA FOR THE CLASS A SHARES' FISCAL YEAR ENDING
NOVEMBER 30, 1996.
GENERAL INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Corporation was established under the laws of the State of Maryland on
January 25, 1994. The Corporation's address is Federated Investors Tower,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779. The Articles of Incorporation permit the
Corporation to offer separate series of shares representing interests in
separate portfolios of securities. As of the date of this prospectus, the Board
of Directors (the "Directors") has established three classes of shares for the
Fund, known as Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares. This
prospectus relates only to Class A Shares (the "Shares") of the Fund.
Shares of the Fund are designed for individuals and institutions seeking
long-term growth of capital by investing primarily in a portfolio of common
stocks of emerging market companies.
For information on how to purchase Shares of the Fund, please refer to "How to
Purchase Shares." The minimum initial investment for Class A Shares is $500.
However, the minimum initial investment for a retirement account is $50.
Subsequent investments must be in amounts of at least $100, except for
retirement plans which must be in amounts of at least $50.
In general, Class A Shares are sold at net asset value plus the applicable sales
load and are redeemed at net asset value. However, a contingent deferred sales
charge is imposed under certain circumstances. For a more complete description,
see "How to Redeem Shares."
In addition, the Fund pays a shareholder services fee at an annual rate not to
exceed 0.25% of average daily net assets.
Information regarding the exchange privilege offered with respect to the Fund
and certain other funds for which affiliates of Federated Investors serve as
investment adviser or principal underwriter (the "Federated Funds") can be found
under "Exchange Privilege".
Investors should be aware of the following general observations. The Fund may
make certain investments and employ certain investment techniques that involve
risks, including, but not limited to, investing in foreign securities, lending
portfolio securities, investing in restricted and illiquid securities, investing
in securities on a when-issued and delayed delivery basis, writing call options
and entering into repurchase agreements.
The Fund's current net asset value and offering price can be found in the mutual
funds section of local newspapers under "Federated Liberty Funds."
INVESTMENT INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income received from the portfolio is incidental. The investment objective
cannot be changed without approval of shareholders. While there is no assurance
that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by
following the investment policies described in this prospectus.
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in a
professionally managed and diversified portfolio of securities of issuers and
companies located in countries having emerging markets. Under normal market
conditions, the Fund intends to invest at least 65% of its total assets in
equity securities of issuers and companies located in countries having emerging
markets.
The Fund expects to diversify investments across emerging markets in Latin
America, Asia, Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The Fund intends to allocate
its investments among at least three countries at all times and does not expect
to concentrate investments in any particular industry.
Unless indicated otherwise, the investment policies of the Fund may be changed
by the Directors without the approval of shareholders. Shareholders will be
notified before any material changes in these policies become effective.
EMERGING MARKETS. In managing the Fund's portfolio, the Fund's investment
adviser considers countries having emerging markets to be all countries that are
generally considered have developing or emerging markets or economies.
Furthermore, the Fund's investment adviser considers emerging market countries
to be all countries considered by the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (more commonly known as the World Bank) and the International
Finance Corporation, as well as countries that are classified by the United
Nations or otherwise regarded by their authorities, as developing.
Generally included in emerging markets are all countries in the world except
Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the United States, and most western
European countries. The Fund will focus on countries which the investment
adviser believes to have strongly developing economies and markets.
Under normal circumstances the Fund will invest at least 65% of its total assets
in, among others, the following countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil,
Chile, China, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ghana, Greece,
Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Korea, Malaysia,
Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland,
Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland,
Taiwan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe. The Fund
may invest in countries other than those defined above, if, in the opinion of
the Fund's investment adviser, they are considered to be emerging markets. While
the investment adviser considers the above-mentioned countries eligible for
investment, the Fund will not be invested in all such markets at all times.
Furthermore, the Fund may not pursue investment in such countries due to lack of
adequate custody of the Fund's assets, overly burdensome restrictions and
repatriation, lack of an organized and liquid market, or unacceptable political
or other risks.
Emerging markets companies are defined as (i) those for which the principal
securities trading market is an emerging market country, as described above;
(ii) those which are organized under the laws of, or with a principal office in,
an emerging market country; or (iii) those, wherever organized or traded, who
derive (directly or indirectly through subsidiaries) at least 50% of their total
assets, capitalization, gross revenue or profit from its most current year from
goods produced, services performed, or sales made in such emerging market
countries.
ACCEPTABLE INVESTMENTS. The equity securities in which the Fund may invest
include common stock, preferred stock (either convertible or non-convertible),
sponsored or unsponsored depositary receipts or shares, and warrants, including
other substantially similar forms of equity with comparable risk characteristics
as well as other forms which may be developed in the future. Securities may be
purchased on securities exchanges, traded over-the-counter, or have no organized
market. The Fund may also purchase corporate and government fixed income
securities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars; enter into forward
commitments, repurchase agreements and foreign currency transactions; maintain
reserves in foreign or U.S. money market instruments and cash; and purchase
options and financial futures contracts.
COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK. Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company.
Generally, preferred stock has a specified dividend and ranks after bonds and
before common stocks in its claim on income for dividend payments and on assets
should the company be liquidated. After other claims are satisfied, common
stockholders participate in company profits on a pro rata basis; profits may be
paid out in dividends or reinvested in the company to help it grow. Increases
and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price, so
common stocks generally have the greatest appreciation and depreciation
potential of all corporate securities. While most preferred stocks pay a
dividend, the Fund may purchase preferred stock where the issuer has omitted, or
is in danger of omitting, payment of its dividend. Such investments would be
made primarily for their capital appreciation potential.
In selecting securities, the investment adviser typically evaluates industry
trends, a company's financial strength, its competitive position in domestic and
export markets, technology, recent developments and profitability, together with
overall growth prospects. Other considerations generally include quality and
depth of management, government regulation, and availability and cost of labor
and raw materials. Investment decisions are made without regard to arbitrary
criteria as to minimum asset size, debt-equity ratios or dividend history of
portfolio companies.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. The Fund may invest in foreign issuers by purchasing
sponsored or unsponsored securities representing underlying international
securities such as American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), American Depositary
Shares ("ADSs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global Depositary
Receipts ("GDRs"), Global Depositary Certificates ("GDCs"), International
Depositary Receipts ("IDRs"), and Russian Depositary Certificates ("RDCs") or
securities convertible into foreign equity securities. ADRs and ADSs typically
are issued by a United States bank or trust company and evidence ownership of
underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes
referred to as Continental Depositary Receipts ("CDRs"), GDRs, GDCs, IDRs and
RDCs are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although they
also may be issued by United States banks or trust companies, and evidence
ownership of underlying securities issued by either a foreign or a United States
corporation. ADRs, ADSs, CDRs, EDRs, GDRs, GDCs, IDRs, and RDCs are collectively
known as "Depositary Receipts." Depositary Receipts may be available for
investment through "sponsored" or "unsponsored" facilities. A sponsored facility
is established jointly by the issuer of the security underlying the receipt and
a depositary, whereas an unsponsored facility may be established by a depositary
without participation by the issuer of the receipt's underlying security.
Holders of an unsponsored Depositary Receipt generally bear all the costs of the
unsponsored facility. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is
under no obligation to distribute shareholder
communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass
through to the holders of the receipts voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities.
DEBT SECURITIES. In pursuit of the Fund's objective of long-term growth of
capital, the Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in debt securities.
Capital appreciation in debt securities may arise as a result of favorable
changes in the creditworthiness of issuers, relative interest rate levels, or
relative foreign exchange rates. Any income received from debt securities will
be incidental to the Fund's objective of long-term growth of capital. These debt
obligations consist of U.S. and foreign government securities and corporate debt
securities, including, but not limited to, Samurai and Yankee bonds, Eurobonds
and depositary receipts. The issuers of such debt securities may or may not be
domiciled in emerging countries.
The debt securities in which the Fund may invest may be rated, at the time of
purchase, BB or lower by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("S&P") or Fitch
Investors Service ("Fitch") or Ba or lower by Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
("Moody's"), or, if unrated, are of comparable quality as determined by the
investment adviser. The prices of fixed income securities generally fluctuate
inversely to the direction of interest rates.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in convertible securities rated, at
the time of purchase, BB or lower by S&P or Fitch or Ba or lower by Moody's, or,
if unrated, are of comparable quality as determined by the investment adviser.
Convertible securities are fixed income securities which may be exchanged or
converted into a predetermined number of the issuer's underlying common stock at
the option of the holder during a specified time period. Convertible securities
may take the form of convertible bonds, convertible preferred stock or
debentures, units consisting of "usable" bonds and warrants or a combination of
the features of several of these securities. The investment characteristics of
each convertible security vary widely, which allows convertible securities to be
employed for a variety of different investment strategies. In selecting a
convertible security, the investment adviser evaluates the investment
characteristics of the convertible security as a fixed income investment, and
the investment potential of the underlying security for capital appreciation.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES. Due to restrictions on
direct investment by foreign entities in certain foreign countries, investments
in other investment companies may be the most practical or only manner in which
the Fund can participate in the securities markets of such countries. The Fund
may also invest in other investment companies for the purpose of investing its
short term cash on a temporary basis. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total
assets in the securities of other investment companies. To the extent that the
Fund invests in securities issued by other investment companies, the Fund will
indirectly bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses paid by such
companies, in addition to the fees and expenses payable directly by the Fund.
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in restricted
securities. Restricted securities are any securities in which the Fund may
otherwise invest pursuant to its investment objective and policies but which are
subject to restrictions on resale under federal securities law. Restricted
securities may be issued by new and early stage companies which may include a
high degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial
losses. As a result of the absence of a public trading market for these
securities, they may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although
these securities
may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from
these sales could be less than those originally paid by the Fund, or less than
what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Further, companies
whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure
and other investor protection requirements which might be applicable if their
securities were publicly traded. If such securities are required to be
registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being
resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expense of registration. The Fund
will limit investments in illiquid securities, including certain restricted
securities not determined by the Directors to be liquid, over-the counter
options, swap agreements not determined to be liquid, and repurchase agreements
providing for settlement in more than seven days after notice, to 15% of its net
assets.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may invest in repurchase agreements. Repurchase
agreements are arrangements by which the Fund purchases a security for cash and
obtains a simultaneous commitment from the seller (usually a bank or
broker/dealer) to repurchase the security at an agreed-upon price and specified
future date. The repurchase price reflects an agreed-upon interest rate for the
time period of the agreement. The Fund's risk is the inability of the seller to
pay the agreed-upon price on the delivery date. However, this risk is tempered
by the ability of the Fund to sell the security in the open market in the case
of a default. In such a case, the Fund may incur costs in disposing of the
security which would increase Fund expenses. The investment adviser will monitor
the creditworthiness of the firms with which the Fund enters into repurchase
agreements.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase securities
on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. These transactions are arrangements
in which the Fund purchases securities with payment and delivery scheduled for
different times in the future. The seller's failure to complete these
transactions may cause the Fund to miss a price or yield considered to be
advantageous. Settlement dates may be a month or more after entering into these
transactions, and the market values of the securities purchased may vary from
the purchase prices. Accordingly, the Fund may pay more or less than the market
value of the securities on the settlement date.
The Fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if the investment
adviser deems it appropriate to do so. In addition, the Fund may enter into
transactions to sell its purchase commitments to third parties at current market
values and simultaneously acquire other commitments to purchase similar
securities at later dates. The Fund may realize short-term profits or losses
upon the sale of such commitments.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. In order to generate additional income, the
Fund may lend portfolio securities on a short-term or long-term basis, to
broker/dealers, banks, or other institutional borrowers of securities. The Fund
will only enter into loan arrangements with broker/dealers, banks, or other
institutions which the investment adviser has determined are creditworthy under
guidelines established by the Directors and will receive collateral in the form
of cash or U.S. government securities equal to at least 100% of the value of the
securities loaned at all times.
There is the risk that when lending portfolio securities, the securities may not
be available to the Fund on a timely basis and the Fund may, therefore, lose the
opportunity to sell the securities at a desirable price. In addition, in the
event that a borrower of securities would file for bankruptcy or become
insolvent, disposition of the securities may be delayed pending court action.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS. For temporary defensive purposes, when the investment
adviser determines that market conditions warrant (up to 100% of total assets)
and to maintain liquidity (up to 35% of total assets), the Fund may invest in
U.S. and foreign debt instruments as well as cash or cash equivalents, including
foreign and domestic money market instruments, short-term government and
corporate obligations, and repurchase agreements.
FORWARD COMMITMENTS. Forward commitments are contracts to purchase securities
for a fixed price at a date beyond customary settlement time. The Fund may enter
into these contracts if liquid securities in amounts sufficient to meet the
purchase price are segregated on the Fund's records at the trade date and
maintained until the transaction has been settled. Risk is involved if the value
of the security declines before settlement. Although the Fund enters into
forward commitments with the intention of acquiring the security, it may dispose
of the commitment prior to settlement and realize short-term profit or loss.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. The Fund will enter into foreign currency
transactions to obtain the necessary currencies to settle securities
transactions. Currency transactions may be conducted either on a spot or cash
basis at prevailing rates or through forward foreign currency exchange
contracts.
The Fund may also enter into foreign currency transactions to protect Fund
assets against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates or exchange
control regulations. Such changes could unfavorably affect the value of Fund
assets which are denominated in foreign currencies, such as foreign securities
or funds deposited in foreign banks, as measured in U.S. dollars. Although
foreign currency exchanges may be used by the Fund to protect against a decline
in the value of one or more currencies, such efforts may also limit any
potential gain that might result from a relative increase in the value of such
currencies and might, in certain cases, result in losses to the Fund. Further,
the Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the
relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations.
Cross-hedging transactions by the Fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation
between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions
relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability that
is the subject of the hedge.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS. A forward foreign currency exchange
contract ("forward contract") is an obligation to purchase or sell an amount of
a particular currency at a specific price and on a future date agreed upon by
the parties.
Generally, no commission charges or deposits are involved. At the time the Fund
enters into a forward contract, Fund assets with a value equal to the Fund's
obligation under the forward contract are segregated and are maintained until
the contract has been settled. The Fund will not enter into a forward contract
with a term of more than one year. The Fund will generally enter into a forward
contract to provide the proper currency to settle a securities transaction at
the time the transaction occurs ("trade date"). The period between trade date
and settlement date will vary between 24 hours and 60 days, depending upon local
custom.
The Fund may also protect against the decline of a particular foreign currency
by entering into a forward contract to sell an amount of that currency
approximating the value of all or a portion of the Fund's assets denominated in
that currency ("hedging"). The success of this type of short-term hedging
strategy is highly uncertain due to the difficulties of predicting short-term
currency market movements and of precisely matching forward contract amounts and
the constantly changing value of
the securities involved. Although the investment adviser will consider the
likelihood of changes in currency values when making investment decisions, the
investment adviser believes that it is important to be able to enter into
forward contracts when it believes the interests of the Fund will be served. The
Fund will not enter into forward contracts for hedging purposes in a particular
currency in an amount in excess of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in
that currency at the time the contract was initiated, but as consistent with
their other investment policies and as not otherwise limited in their ability to
use this strategy.
OPTIONS. The Fund may deal in options on foreign currencies, securities, and
securities indices, and on futures contracts involving these items, which
options may be listed for trading on an international securities exchange or
traded over-the-counter. The Fund may use options to manage interest rate and
currency risks. The Fund may also write covered call options and secured put
options to generate income or lock in gains. The Fund may write covered call
options and secured put options on up to 25% of its net assets and may purchase
put and call options provided that no more than 5% of the fair market value of
its net assets may be invested in premiums on such options.
A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and the writer the
obligation to sell, the underlying currency, security or other asset at the
exercise price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the
right to sell, and the writer the obligation to buy, the underlying currency,
security or other asset at the exercise price during the option period. The
writer of a covered call owns assets that are acceptable for escrow, and the
writer of a secured put invests an amount not less than the exercise price in
eligible assets to the extent that it is obligated as a writer. If a call
written by the Fund is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an
increase in the market price of the underlying asset over the exercise price
plus the premium received. In writing puts, there is the risk that the Fund may
be required to take delivery of the underlying asset at a disadvantageous price.
Over-the-counter options ("OTC options") differ from exchange traded options in
several respects. They are transacted directly with dealers and not with a
clearing corporation, and there is a risk of nonperformance by the dealer as a
result of the insolvency of such dealer or otherwise, in which event the Fund
may experience material losses. However, in writing options, the premium is paid
in advance by the dealer. OTC options, which may not be continuously liquid, are
available for a greater variety of assets, and with a wider range of expiration
dates and exercise prices, than are exchange traded options.
It is not certain that a secondary market for positions in options, or futures
contracts (see below), will exist at all times. Although the investment adviser
will consider liquidity before entering into these transactions, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist
for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. The Fund's
ability to establish and close out futures and options positions depends on this
secondary market.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES. The Fund may enter into futures contracts
involving foreign currency, securities, and securities indices, or options
thereon, for bona fide hedging purposes. The Fund may also enter into such
futures contracts or related options for purposes other than bona fide hedging
if the aggregate amount of initial margin deposits exclusive of the margin
needed for foreign currency hedging, on the Fund's futures and related options
positions would not exceed 5% of the net liquidation value of the Fund's assets,
provided further that in the case of an option that is in-the-money at the time
of the purchase, the in-the-money amount may be excluded in calculating the 5%
limitation. In
addition, the Fund may not sell futures contracts if the value of such futures
contracts exceeds the total market value of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Futures contracts and options thereon sold by the Fund are generally subject to
segregation and coverage requirements established by either the Commodities
Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") or the Securities and Exchange Commission
("SEC"), with the result that, if the Fund does not hold the instrument
underlying the futures contract or option, the Fund will be required to
segregate on an ongoing basis with its custodian cash, U.S. government
securities, or other liquid high grade debt obligations in an amount at least
equal to the Fund's obligations with respect to such instruments.
The Fund may enter into securities index futures contracts and purchase and
write put and call options on securities index futures contracts that are traded
on regulated exchanges, including non-U.S. exchanges, to the extent permitted by
the CFTC. Securities index futures contracts are based on indexes that reflect
the market value of securities of the firms included in the indexes. An index
futures contract is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or
make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the differences between the value of
the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at
which the index contract was originally written.
The Fund may enter into securities index futures contracts to sell a securities
index in anticipation of or during a market decline to attempt to offset the
decrease in market value of securities in its portfolio that might otherwise
result. When the Fund is not fully invested and anticipates a significant market
advance, it may enter into futures contracts to purchase the index in order to
gain rapid market exposure that may in part or entirely offset increases in the
cost of securities that it intends to purchase. In many of these transactions,
the Fund will purchase such securities upon termination of the futures position
but, depending on market conditions, a futures position may be terminated
without the corresponding purchases of common stock. The Fund may also invest in
securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser believes such
investment is more efficient, liquid, or cost-effective than investing directly
in the securities underlying the index.
An option on a securities index futures contract gives the purchaser the right,
in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a securities index
futures contract. The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on
securities index futures contracts in order to hedge all or a portion of its
investment and may enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to
written options in order to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee
that such closing transactions can be effected. The Fund may also invest in
options on securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser
believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than
investing directly in the futures contract or in the securities underlying the
index, or when the futures contract or underlying securities are not available
for investment upon favorable terms.
The use of futures and related options involves special consideration and risks,
for example, (1) the ability of the Fund to utilize futures successfully will
depend on the investment adviser's ability to predict pertinent market
movements; (2) there might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation,
between the change in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the
prices of the futures and options thereon relating to the securities purchased
or sold by the Fund. The use of futures and related options may reduce risk of
loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price
movements but they can also reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the
positive effect of
favorable price movements in positions. No assurance can be given that the
investment adviser's judgment in this respect will be correct.
It is not certain that a secondary market for positions in futures contracts or
for options will exist at all times. Although the investment adviser will
consider liquidity before entering into these transactions, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist
for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. The Fund's
ability to establish and close out futures and options positions depends on this
secondary market.
New futures contracts, options thereon, and other financial products and risk
management techniques continue to be developed. The Fund may use these
investments and techniques to the extent consistent with its investment
objective and regulatory and federal tax considerations.
SWAP AGREEMENTS. As one way of managing its exposure to different types of
investments, the Fund may enter into interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and
other types of swap agreements such as caps, collars, and floors. Depending on
how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall
volatility of the Fund's investments, its share price and yield.
Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that typically involve a small
investment of cash relative to the magnitude of risks assumed. As a result,
swaps can be highly volatile and may have a considerable impact on the Fund's
performance. Swap agreements are subject to risks related to the counterparty's
ability to perform, and may decline in value if the counterparty's
creditworthiness deteriorates. The Fund may also suffer losses if it is unable
to terminate outstanding swap agreements to reduce its exposure through
offsetting transactions. When the Fund enters into a swap agreement, assets of
the Fund equal to the value of the swap agreement will be segregated by the
Fund.
RISK CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investing in non-U.S. securities
carries substantial risks in addition to those associated with domestic
investments. In an attempt to reduce some of these risks, the Fund intends to
diversify its investments broadly among foreign countries which may include both
developed and developing countries.
The Fund may take advantage of the unusual opportunities for higher returns
available from investing in developing countries. These investments carry
considerably more volatility and risk because they generally are associated with
less mature economies and less stable political systems.
The economies of foreign countries may differ from the U.S. economy in such
respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency
depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of
payments position. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are
heavily dependent on international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may
continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed
adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures
imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies
also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic
conditions in the countries with which they trade.
Prior governmental approval for foreign investments may be required under
certain circumstances in some countries, and the extent of foreign investment in
certain debt securities and domestic companies may be subject to limitation.
Foreign ownership limitations also may be imposed by the charters of individual
companies to prevent, among other concerns, violation of foreign investment
limitations.
Repatriation of investment income, capital, and the proceeds of sales by foreign
investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some
countries. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to
grant, any required governmental registration or approval for such repatriation.
Any investment subject to such repatriation controls will be considered illiquid
if it appears reasonably likely that this process will take more than seven
days.
With respect to any foreign country, there is the possibility of
nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political changes,
governmental regulation, social instability or diplomatic developments
(including war) which could affect adversely the economies of such countries or
the value of the Fund's investments in those countries. In addition, it may be
difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in a court outside of the United
States.
Brokerage commissions, custodial services, and other costs relating to
investment may be more expensive than in the United States. Foreign markets may
have different clearance and settlement procedures such as requiring payment for
securities before delivery. In certain markets there have been times when
settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities
transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. The inability of
the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could
cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose
of a portfolio security due to settlement problems could result either in losses
to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio security or, if
the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in
possible liability to the purchaser.
CURRENCY RISKS. Because the majority of securities purchased by the Fund
are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, changes in
foreign currency exchange rates will affect the Fund's net asset value; the
value of interest earned; gains and losses realized on the sale of
securities; and net investment income and capital gain, if any, to be
distributed to shareholders by the Fund. If the value of a foreign currency
rises against the U.S. dollar, the value of Fund assets denominated in the
currency will increase; correspondingly, if the value of a foreign currency
declines against the U.S. dollar the value of Fund assets denominated in
that currency will decrease. Under the United States Internal Revenue Code,
as amended (the "Code"), the Fund is required to separately account for the
foreign currency component of gains or losses, which will usually be viewed
under the Code as items of ordinary and distributable income or loss, thus
affecting the Fund's distributable income. (See "Federal Income Tax").
The exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies are a
function of such factors as supply and demand in the currency exchange
markets, international balances of payments, governmental intervention,
speculation and other economic and political conditions. Although the Fund
values its assets daily in U.S. dollars, the Fund will not convert its
holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars daily. When the Fund
converts its holdings to another currency, it may incur conversion costs.
Foreign exchange dealers may realize a profit on the difference between the
price at which they buy and sell currencies.
FOREIGN COMPANIES. Other differences between investing in foreign and U.S.
companies include:
- less publicly available information about foreign issuers;
- credit risks associated with certain foreign governments;
- the lack of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting
standards and practices or regulatory requirements comparable to those
applicable to U.S. companies;
- less readily available market quotations on foreign issues;
- differences in government regulation and supervision of foreign stock
exchanges, brokers, listed companies, and banks;
- differences in legal systems which may affect the ability to enforce
contractual obligations or obtain court judgments;
- the limited size of many foreign securities markets and limited trading
volume in issuers compared to the volume of trading in U.S. securities
could cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that
affect the quality of securities;
- the likelihood that securities of foreign issuers may be less liquid or
more volatile;
- foreign brokerage commissions may be higher;
- unreliable mail service between countries;
- political or financial changes which adversely affect investments in some
countries;
- increased risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss
of certificates for portfolio securities;
- certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery;
- religious and ethnic instability; and
- certain national policies which may restrict the Fund's investment
opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or
industries deemed sensitive to national interests.
U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICIES. In the past, U.S. government policies have
discouraged or restricted certain investments abroad by investors such as
the Fund. Investors are advised that when such policies are instituted, the
Fund will abide by them.
RISK CONSIDERATIONS IN EMERGING MARKETS. Investing in securities of issuers in
emerging market countries involves exposure to significantly higher risk than
investing in countries with developed markets. Emerging market countries may
have economic structures that are generally less diverse and mature and
political systems that can be expected to be less stable than those of developed
countries.
Securities prices in emerging market countries can be significantly more
volatile than in developed countries, reflecting the greater uncertainties of
investing in lesser developed markets and economies. In particular, emerging
market countries may have relatively unstable governments, and may present the
risk of nationalization of businesses, expropriation, confiscatory taxation or,
in certain instances, reversion to closed market, centrally planned economies.
Such countries may also have restrictions on foreign ownership or prohibitions
on the repatriation of assets, and may have less protection of property rights
than developed countries.
The economies of emerging market countries may be predominantly based on only a
few industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities or on
international aid or development assistance, may be highly vulnerable to changes
in local or global trade conditions, and may suffer from extreme and volatile
debt burdens or inflation rates. In addition, securities markets in emerging
market countries may trade a small number of securities and may be unable to
respond effectively to increases in trading
volume, potentially resulting in a lack of liquidity and in volatility in the
price of securities traded on those markets. Also, securities markets in
emerging market countries typically offer less regulatory protection for
investors.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO INVESTING IN HIGH YIELD SECURITIES. The debt securities
in which the Fund invests are usually not in the three highest rating categories
of a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (AAA, AA, or A for
S&P or Fitch and Aaa, Aa, or A for Moody's), but are in the lower rating
categories or are unrated, but are of comparable quality and have speculative
characteristics or are speculative. Lower-rated bonds or unrated bonds are
commonly referred to as "junk bonds." There is no minimal acceptable rating for
a security to be purchased or held in the Fund's portfolio, and the Fund may,
from time to time, purchase or hold debt securities rated in the lowest rating
category. A description of the rating categories is contained in the Appendix to
the Statement of Additional Information.
Debt obligations that are not determined to be investment grade are high-yield,
high-risk bonds, typically subject to greater market fluctuations and greater
risk of loss of income and principal due to an issuer's default. To a greater
extent than investment grade bonds, lower-rated bonds tend to reflect short-term
corporate, economic, and market developments, as well as investor perceptions of
the issuer's credit quality. In addition, lower-rated bonds may be more
difficult to dispose of or to value than higher-rated, lower-yielding bonds.
The Fund's investment adviser attempts to reduce the risks described above
through diversification of the portfolio and by credit analysis of each issuer
as well as by monitoring broad economic trends and corporate and legislative
developments.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The Fund will not:
- borrow money directly or through reverse repurchase agreements
(arrangements in which the Fund sells a portfolio instrument for a
percentage of its cash value with an agreement to buy it back on a set
date) or pledge securities except, under certain circumstances, the Fund
may borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets and pledge
its assets to secure such borrowings; or
- with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of the value
of its total assets in securities of any one issuer (other than cash,
cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government and
its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities) or acquire more than 10% of the
outstanding voting securities of any one issuer.
The above investment limitations cannot be changed without shareholder approval.
NET ASSET VALUE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund's net asset value per Share fluctuates. The net asset value for Shares
is determined by adding the interest of Class A Shares in the market value of
all securities and other assets of the Fund, subtracting the interest of Class A
Shares in the liabilities of the Fund and those attributable to Class A Shares,
and dividing the remainder by the total number of Class A Shares outstanding.
The net asset value for Class A Shares may differ from that of Class B Shares
and Class C Shares due to the variance in daily net income realized by each
class. Such variance will reflect only accrued net income to which the
shareholders of a particular class are entitled.
The net asset value is determined as of the close of trading (normally 4:00
p.m., Eastern time) on the New York Stock Exchange, Monday through Friday,
except on: (i) days on which there are not sufficient changes in the value of
the Fund's portfolio securities that its net asset value might be materially
affected; (ii) days during which no Shares are tendered for redemption and no
orders to purchase Shares are received; or (iii) the following holidays: New
Year's Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor
Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares of the Fund are sold on days on which the New York Stock Exchange is
open. Shares of the Fund may be purchased as described below, either through a
financial institution (such as a bank or broker/dealer which has a sales
agreement with the distributor) or by wire or by check directly to the Fund,
with a minimum initial investment of $500. Additional investments can be made
for as little as $100. The minimum initial and subsequent investment for
retirement plans is only $50. (Financial institutions may impose different
minimum investment requirements on their customers.)
In connection with any sale, Federated Securities Corp. may from time to time
offer certain items of nominal value to any shareholder or investor. The Fund
reserves the right to reject any purchase request. An account must be
established at a financial institution or by completing, signing, and returning
the new account form available from the Fund before Shares can be purchased.
WHAT SHARES COST
Shares are sold at their net asset value next determined after an order is
received, plus a sales load as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SALES LOAD AS DEALER
SALES LOAD AS A PERCENTAGE CONCESSION
A PERCENTAGE OF NET AS A PERCENTAGE
OF OFFERING AMOUNT OF PUBLIC
AMOUNT OF TRANSACTION PRICE INVESTED OFFERING PRICE
- ------------------------------------------ ------------- ------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Less than $50,000......................... 5.50% 5.82% 5.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000............ 4.50% 4.71% 4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000........... 3.75% 3.90% 3.25%
$250,000 but less than $500,000........... 2.50% 2.56% 2.25%
$500,000 but less than $1 million......... 2.00% 2.04% 1.80%
$1 million or greater..................... 0.00% 0.00% 0.25%*
</TABLE>
* See sub-section entitled "Dealer Concession."
No sales load is imposed for Shares purchased through bank trust departments,
investment advisers registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as
amended, or retirement plans where the third party administrator has entered
into certain arrangements with Federated Securities Corp. or its affiliates, or
to shareholders designated as Liberty Life Members. However, investors who
purchase Shares through a trust department, investment adviser, or retirement
plan may be charged an additional service fee by the institution. Additionally,
no sales load is imposed for Shares purchased through "wrap accounts" or similar
programs, under which clients pay a fee or fees for services.
DEALER CONCESSION. For sales of Shares, a dealer will normally receive up to 90%
of the applicable sales load. Any portion of the sales load which is not paid to
a dealer will be retained by the distributor. However, the distributor may offer
to pay dealers up to 100% of the sales load retained by it. Such payments may
take the form of cash or promotional incentives, such as reimbursement of
certain expenses of qualified employees and their spouses to attend
informational meetings about the Fund or other special events at
recreational-type facilities, or items of material value. In some instances,
these incentives will be made available only to dealers whose employees have
sold or may sell a significant amount of Shares. On purchases of $1 million or
more, the investor pays no sales load; however, the distributor will make twelve
monthly payments to the dealer totaling 0.25% of the public offering price over
the first year following the purchase. Such payments are based on the original
purchase price of Shares outstanding at each month end.
The sales load for Shares sold other than through registered broker/dealers will
be retained by Federated Securities Corp. Federated Securities Corp. may pay
fees to banks out of the sales load in exchange for sales and/or administrative
services performed on behalf of the bank's customers in connection with the
initiation of customer accounts and purchases of Shares.
REDUCING OR ELIMINATING THE SALES LOAD. The sales load can be reduced or
eliminated on the purchase of Shares through:
- quantity discounts and accumulated purchases;
- concurrent purchases;
- signing a 13-month letter of intent;
- using the reinvestment privilege; or
- purchases with proceeds from redemptions of unaffiliated investment
company shares.
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AND ACCUMULATED PURCHASES. As shown in the table above,
larger purchases reduce the sales load paid. The Fund will combine purchases of
Shares made on the same day by the investor, the investor's spouse, and the
investor's children under age 21 when it calculates the sales load. In addition,
the sales load, if applicable, is reduced for purchases made at one time by a
trustee or fiduciary for a single trust estate or a single fiduciary account.
If an additional purchase of Shares is made, the Fund will consider the previous
purchases still invested in the Fund. For example, if a shareholder already owns
Shares having a current value at the public offering price of $30,000 and he
purchases $20,000 more at the current public offering price, the sales load on
the additional purchase according to the schedule now in effect would be 4.50%,
not 5.50%.
To receive the sales load reduction, Federated Securities Corp. must be notified
by the shareholder in writing or by his financial institution at the time the
purchase is made that Shares are already owned or that purchases are being
combined. The Fund will reduce the sales load after it confirms the purchases.
CONCURRENT PURCHASES. For purposes of qualifying for a sales load reduction, a
shareholder has the privilege of combining concurrent purchases of two or more
funds in the Federated Funds, the purchase price of which includes a sales load.
For example, if a shareholder concurrently invested $30,000 in one of the other
funds in the Federated Funds with a sales load, and $20,000 in this Fund, the
sales load would be reduced.
To receive this sales load reduction, Federated Securities Corp. must be
notified by the shareholder in writing or by his financial institution at the
time the concurrent purchases are made. The Fund will reduce the sales load
after it confirms the purchases.
LETTER OF INTENT. If a shareholder intends to purchase at least $50,000 of
shares of the funds in the Federated Funds (excluding money market funds) over
the next 13 months, the sales load may be reduced by signing a letter of intent
to that effect. This letter of intent includes a provision for a sales load
adjustment depending on the amount actually purchased within the 13-month period
and a provision for the custodian to hold up to 5.50% of the total amount
intended to be purchased in escrow (in Shares) until such purchase is completed.
The Shares held in escrow in the shareholder's account will be released upon
fulfillment of the letter of intent or the end of the 13-month period, whichever
comes first. If the amount specified in the letter of intent is not purchased,
an appropriate number of escrowed Shares may be redeemed in order to realize the
difference in the sales load.
While this letter of intent will not obligate the shareholder to purchase
Shares, each purchase during the period will be at the sales load applicable to
the total amount intended to be purchased. At the time a letter of intent is
established, current balances in accounts in any Shares of any fund in the
Federated Funds, excluding money market accounts, will be aggregated to provide
a purchase credit towards fulfillment of the letter of intent. Prior trade
prices will not be adjusted.
REINVESTMENT PRIVILEGE. If Shares in the Fund have been redeemed, the
shareholder has the privilege, within 120 days, to reinvest the redemption
proceeds at the next-determined net asset value without any sales load.
Federated Securities Corp. must be notified by the shareholder in writing or by
his financial institution of the reinvestment in order to eliminate a sales
load. If the shareholder redeems his Shares in the Fund, there may be tax
consequences.
PURCHASES WITH PROCEEDS FROM REDEMPTIONS OF UNAFFILIATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
Investors may purchase Shares at net asset value, without a sales load, with the
proceeds from the redemption of shares of an unaffiliated investment company
that were purchased or sold with a sales load or commission and were not
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. The purchase must be made within 60
days of the redemption, and Federated Securities Corp. must be notified by the
investor in writing, or by his financial institution, at the time the purchase
is made. From time to time, the Fund may offer dealers a payment of .50 of 1.00%
for Shares purchased under this program. If Shares are purchased in this manner,
Fund purchases will be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge for one
year from the date of purchase. Shareholders will be notified prior to the
implementation of any special offering as described above.
PURCHASING SHARES THROUGH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. An investor may call his
financial institution (such as a bank or an investment dealer) to place an order
to purchase Shares. Orders placed through a financial institution are considered
received when the Fund is notified of the purchase order or when payment is
converted into federal funds. Purchase orders through a registered broker/dealer
must be received by the broker before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) and must be
transmitted by the broker to the Fund before 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in order
for Shares to be purchased at that day's price. Purchase orders through other
financial institutions must be received by the financial institution and
transmitted to the Fund before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in order for Shares to
be purchased at that day's price. It is the financial institution's
responsibility to transmit orders promptly. Financial institutions may charge
additional fees for their services.
PURCHASING SHARES BY WIRE. Once an account has been established, Shares may be
purchased by wire by calling the Fund. All information needed will be taken over
the telephone, and the order is considered received immediately. Payment for
purchases which are subject to a sales load must be received within three
business days following the order. Payment for purchases on which no sales load
is imposed must be received before 3:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the next business
day following the order. Federal funds should be wired as follows: State Street
Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts; Attn: EDGEWIRE; For Credit to:
(Fund Name) (Fund Class); (Fund Number); Account Number; Trade Date and Order
Number; Group Number or Dealer Number; Nominee or Institution Name; and ABA
Number 011000028. Shares cannot be purchased by wire on holidays when wire
transfers are restricted. Questions on wire purchases should be directed to your
shareholder services representative at the telephone number listed on your
account statement.
PURCHASING SHARES BY CHECK. Once an account has been established, Shares may be
purchased by sending a check made payable to the name of the Fund (designate
class of Shares and account number) to: Federated Services Company, P.O. Box
8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600. Orders by mail are considered received
when payment by check is converted into federal funds (normally the business day
after the check is received).
SPECIAL PURCHASE FEATURES
SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM. Once a Fund account has been opened, shareholders
may add to their investment on a regular basis in a minimum amount of $100.
Under this program, funds may be automatically withdrawn periodically from the
shareholder's checking account at an Automated Clearing House ("ACH") member and
invested in the Fund at the net asset value next determined after an order is
received by the Fund, plus the sales load, if applicable. Shareholders should
contact their financial institution or the Fund to participate in this program.
RETIREMENT PLANS. Fund Shares can be purchased as an investment for retirement
plans or IRA accounts. For further details, contact the Fund and consult a tax
adviser.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class A shareholders may exchange all or some of their Shares for Class A Shares
of other Federated Funds at net asset value. Neither the Fund nor any of the
Federated Funds imposes any additional fees on exchanges. Shareholders in
certain other Federated Funds may exchange their shares in the Federated Funds
for Class A Shares.
The Fund has exchange privileges with the following Federated Funds: American
Leaders Fund, Inc.; Capital Growth Fund (Class A Shares and Class C Shares
only); Federated Asia Pacific Growth Fund; Federated European Growth Fund;
Federated Growth Strategies Fund; Federated International Equity Fund; Federated
International Income Fund; Federated International Small Company Fund; Federated
Latin American Growth Fund; Federated Small Cap Strategies Fund; Fund for U.S.
Government Securities, Inc.; Liberty Equity Income Fund, Inc.; Liberty High
Income Bond Fund, Inc.; Liberty Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.; Liberty U.S.
Government Money Market Trust; Liberty Utility Fund, Inc.; Limited Term Fund;
Limited Term Municipal Fund; Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust; Pennsylvania
Municipal Income Fund; Strategic Income Fund; Tax-Free Instruments Trust; and
World Utility Fund.
Prospectuses for these funds are available by writing to Federated Securities
Corp.
Shareholders of Class A Shares who have been designated as Liberty Life Members
are exempt from sales charge on future purchases in and exchanges between Class
A Shares of any funds in the Federated Funds, as long as they maintain a $500
balance in one of the Federated Funds.
REQUIREMENTS FOR EXCHANGE. Shareholders using this privilege must exchange
Shares having a net asset value equal to the minimum investment requirements of
the fund into which the exchange is being made. Before the exchange, the
shareholder must receive a prospectus of the fund for which the exchange is
being made.
This privilege is available to shareholders resident in any state in which the
shares being acquired may be sold. Upon receipt of proper instructions and
required supporting documents, Shares submitted for exchange are redeemed and
proceeds invested in the same class of shares of the other fund. The exchange
privilege may be modified or terminated at any time. Shareholders will be
notified of the modification or termination of the exchange privilege.
TAX CONSEQUENCES. An exercise of the exchange privilege is treated as a sale for
federal income tax purposes. Depending upon the circumstances, a capital gain or
loss may be realized.
MAKING AN EXCHANGE. Instructions for exchanges for the Federated Funds may be
given in writing or by telephone. Written instructions may require a signature
guarantee. Shareholders of the Fund may have difficulty in making exchanges by
telephone through brokers and other financial institutions during times of
drastic economic or market changes. If a shareholder cannot contact his broker
or financial institution by telephone, it is recommended that an exchange
request be made in writing and sent by overnight mail to Federated Services
Company, 500 Victory Road -- 2nd Floor, North Quincy, Massachusetts 02171.
TELEPHONE INSTRUCTIONS. Telephone instructions made by the investor may be
carried out only if a telephone authorization form completed by the investor is
on file with the Fund. If the instructions are given by a broker, a telephone
authorization form completed by the broker must be on file with the Fund. If
reasonable procedures are not followed by the Fund, it may be liable for losses
due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Shares may be
exchanged between two funds by telephone only if the two funds have identical
shareholder registrations.
Any Shares held in certificate form cannot be exchanged by telephone but must be
forwarded to Federated Services Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts
02266-8600 and deposited to the shareholder's account before being exchanged.
Telephone exchange instructions are recorded and will be binding upon the
shareholder. Such instructions will be processed as of 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time)
and must be received by the Fund before that time for Shares to be exchanged the
same day. Shareholders exchanging into a fund will begin receiving dividends the
following business day. This privilege may be modified or terminated at any
time.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares are redeemed at their net asset value, less any applicable contingent
deferred sales charge, next determined after the Fund receives the redemption
request. Redemptions will be made on days on which the Fund computes its net
asset value. Redemption requests must be received in proper form and can be made
as described below.
REDEEMING SHARES THROUGH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. Shares of the Fund may be
redeemed by calling your financial institution to request the redemption. Shares
will be redeemed at the net asset value, less any applicable contingent deferred
sales charge next determined after the Fund receives the redemption request from
the financial institution. Redemption requests through a registered
broker/dealer must be received by the broker before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) and
must be transmitted by the broker to the Fund before 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in
order for Shares to be redeemed at that day's net asset value. Redemption
requests through other financial institutions (such as banks) must be received
by the financial institution and transmitted to the Fund before 4:00 p.m.
(Eastern time) in order for Shares to be redeemed at that day's net asset value.
The financial institution is responsible for promptly submitting redemption
requests and providing proper written redemption instructions. Customary fees
and commissions may be charged by the financial institution for this service.
REDEEMING SHARES BY TELEPHONE. Shares may be redeemed in any amount by calling
the Fund provided the Fund has a properly completed authorization form. These
forms can be obtained from Federated Securities Corp. Proceeds will be mailed in
the form of a check, to the shareholder's address of record or by wire transfer
to the shareholder's account at a domestic commercial bank that is a member of
the Federal Reserve System. Proceeds from redemption requests received on
holidays when wire transfers are restricted will be wired the following business
day. Questions about telephone redemptions on days when wire transfers are
restricted should be directed to your shareholder services representative at the
telephone number listed on your account statement. The minimum amount for a wire
transfer is $1,000. Proceeds from redeemed Shares purchased by check or through
ACH will not be wired until that method of payment has cleared.
Telephone instructions will be recorded. If reasonable procedures are not
followed by the Fund, it may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or
fraudulent telephone instructions. In the event of drastic economic or market
changes, a shareholder may experience difficulty in redeeming by telephone. If
this occurs, "Redeeming Shares By Mail" should be considered. If at any time the
Fund shall determine it necessary to terminate or modify the telephone
redemption privilege, shareholders would be promptly notified.
REDEEMING SHARES BY MAIL. Shares may be redeemed in any amount by mailing a
written request to: Federated Services Company, Fund Name, Fund Class, P.O. Box
8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600.
The written request should state: Fund Name and the Class designation; the
account name as registered with the Fund; the account number; and the number of
Shares to be redeemed or the dollar amount requested. All owners of the account
must sign the request exactly as the Shares are registered. It is recommended
that any share certificates be sent by insured mail with the written request.
Shareholders requesting a redemption of any amount to be sent to an address
other than that on record with the Fund, or a redemption payable other than to
the shareholder of record must have their signatures guaranteed by a bank which
is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a trust company, a
member firm of a domestic stock exchange, or any other "eligible guarantor
institution," as defined by the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
The Fund does not accept signatures guaranteed by a notary public.
The Fund and its transfer agent have adopted standards for accepting signature
guarantees from the above institutions. The Fund may elect in the future to
limit eligible signature guarantors to institutions that are members of a
signature guarantee program. The Fund and its transfer agent reserve the right
to amend these standards at any time without notice.
Normally, a check for the proceeds is mailed within one business day, but in no
event more than seven days, after receipt of a proper written redemption
request.
SPECIAL REDEMPTION FEATURES
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PROGRAM. Shareholders who desire to receive payments of a
predetermined amount not less than $100 may take advantage of the Systematic
Withdrawal Program. Under this program, Shares are redeemed to provide for
periodic withdrawal payments in an amount directed by the shareholder.
Depending upon the amount of the withdrawal payments, the amount of dividends
paid and capital gains distributions with respect to Shares, and the fluctuation
of the net asset value of Shares redeemed under this program, redemptions may
reduce, and eventually deplete, the shareholder's investment in the Fund. For
this reason, payments under this program should not be considered as yield or
income on the shareholder's investment in the Fund. To be eligible to
participate in this program, a shareholder must have an account value of at
least $10,000. A shareholder may apply for participation in this program through
his financial institution. Due to the fact that Shares are sold with a sales
load, it is not advisable for shareholders to continue to purchase Shares while
participating in this program.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
Class A Shares purchased under a periodic special offering with the proceeds of
a redemption of shares of an unaffiliated investment company purchased or
redeemed with a sales load and not distributed by Federated Securities Corp. may
be charged a contingent deferred sales charge of .50 of 1.00% for redemptions
made within one full year of purchase. Any applicable contingent deferred sales
charge will be imposed on the lesser of the net asset value of the redeemed
Shares at the time of purchase or the net asset value of the redeemed Shares at
the time of redemption.
The contingent deferred sales charge will be deducted from the redemption
proceeds otherwise payable to the shareholder and will be retained by the
distributor. The contingent deferred sales charge will not be imposed with
respect to: (1) Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends or
distributions of long-term capital gains; and (2) Shares held for more than one
full year from the date of purchase. Redemptions will be processed in a manner
intended to maximize the amount of redemption which will not be subject to a
contingent deferred sales charge. In computing the amount of the applicable
contingent deferred sales charge, redemptions are deemed to have occurred in the
following order: (1) Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and
long-term capital gains; (2) Shares held for more than one full year from the
date of purchase; (3) Shares held for less than one full year from the date of
purchase on a first-in, first-out basis. A contingent deferred sales charge is
not assessed in connection with an exchange of Fund Shares for shares of other
funds in the Federated Funds in the same class (see "Exchange Privilege"). Any
contingent deferred sales charge imposed at the time the exchanged-for Shares
are redeemed is calculated as if the shareholder had held the shares from the
date on which he became a shareholder of the exchanged-from Shares. Moreover,
the contingent deferred sales charge will be eliminated with respect to certain
redemptions (see "Elimination of Contingent Deferred Sales Charge").
ELIMINATION OF CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
The contingent deferred sales charge will be eliminated with respect to the
following redemptions: (1) redemptions following the death or disability, as
defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, of
a shareholder; (2) redemptions representing minimum required distributions from
an Individual Retirement Account or other retirement plan to a shareholder who
has attained the age of 70 1/2; and (3) involuntary redemptions by the Fund of
Shares in shareholder accounts that do not comply with the minimum balance
requirements. No contingent deferred sales charge will be imposed on redemptions
of Shares held by Directors, employees and sales representatives of the Fund,
the distributor, or affiliates of the Fund or distributor; employees of any
financial institution that sells Shares of the Fund pursuant to a sales
agreement with the distributor; and spouses
and children under the age of 21 of the aforementioned persons. Finally, no
contingent deferred sales charge will be imposed on the redemption of Shares
originally purchased through a bank trust department, an investment adviser
registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, or retirement
plans where the third party administrator has entered into certain arrangements
with Federated Securities Corp. or its affiliates, or any other financial
institution, to the extent that no payments were advanced for purchases made
through such entities. The Directors reserve the right to discontinue
elimination of the contingent deferred sales charge. Shareholders will be
notified of such elimination. Any Shares purchased prior to the termination of
such waiver would have the contingent deferred sales charge eliminated as
provided in the Fund's prospectus at the time of the purchase of the Shares. If
a shareholder making a redemption qualifies for an elimination of the contingent
deferred sales charge, the shareholder must notify Federated Securities Corp. or
the transfer agent in writing that he is entitled to such elimination.
ACCOUNT AND SHARE INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CERTIFICATES AND CONFIRMATIONS. As transfer agent for the Fund, Federated
Services Company maintains a Share account for each shareholder. Share
certificates are not issued unless requested in writing to Federated Services
Company.
Detailed confirmations of each purchase and redemption are sent to each
shareholder. Monthly confirmations are sent to report dividends paid during that
month.
DIVIDENDS. Dividends are declared and paid annually to all shareholders invested
in the Fund on the record date. Dividends and distributions are automatically
reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund on payment dates at the ex-dividend
date net asset value without a sales load, unless shareholders request cash
payments on the new account form or by contacting the transfer agent. All
shareholders on the record date are entitled to the dividend. If Shares are
redeemed or exchanged prior to the record date or purchased after the record
date, those Shares are not entitled to that year's dividend.
CAPITAL GAINS. Net long-term capital gains realized by the Fund, if any, will be
distributed at least once every twelve months.
ACCOUNTS WITH LOW BALANCES. Due to the high cost of maintaining accounts with
low balances, the Fund may redeem Shares in any account, except retirement
plans, and pay the proceeds to the shareholder if the account balance falls
below the required minimum value of $500. This requirement does not apply,
however, if the balance falls below the required minimum value because of
changes in the net asset value of Shares. Before Shares are redeemed to close an
account, the shareholder is notified in writing and allowed 30 days to purchase
additional Shares to meet the minimum requirement.
CORPORATION INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MANAGEMENT OF THE CORPORATION
BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The Corporation is managed by a Board of Directors. The
Directors are responsible for managing the Corporation's business affairs and
for exercising all the Corporation's powers except those reserved for the
shareholders. An Executive Committee of the Board of Directors handles the
Board's responsibilities between meetings of the Board.
INVESTMENT ADVISER. Investment decisions for the Fund are made by the Fund's
investment adviser, Federated Global Research Corp. (the "Adviser"), subject to
direction by the Directors. The Adviser continually conducts investment research
and supervision for the Fund and is responsible for the purchase or sale of
portfolio instruments, for which it receives an annual fee from the Fund. The
Adviser's address is 175 Water Street, New York, New York 10038-4965.
ADVISORY FEES. The Adviser receives an annual investment advisory fee equal to
1.25% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The fee paid by the Fund, while
higher than the advisory fee paid by other mutual funds in general, is
comparable to fees paid by other mutual funds with similar objectives and
policies. Under the investment advisory contract, which provides for the
voluntary waiver of the advisory fee by the Adviser, the Adviser may voluntarily
waive some or all of its fee. This does not include reimbursement to the Fund of
any expenses incurred by shareholders who use the transfer agent's subaccounting
facilities. The Adviser can terminate this voluntary waiver at any time in its
sole discretion. The Adviser has also undertaken to reimburse the Fund for
operating expenses in excess of limitations established by certain states.
ADVISER'S BACKGROUND. Federated Global Research Corp., incorporated in Delaware
on May 12, 1995, is a registered investment adviser under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It is a subsidiary of Federated Investors. All
of the Class A (voting) shares of Federated Investors are owned by a trust, the
Trustees of which are John F. Donahue, Chairman and Trustee of Federated
Investors, Mr. Donahue's wife, and Mr. Donahue's son, J. Christopher Donahue,
who is President and Trustee of Federated Investors.
Federated Global Research Corp. and other subsidiaries of Federated Investors
serve as investment advisers to a number of investment companies and private
accounts. Certain other subsidiaries also provide administrative services to a
number of investment companies. With over $72 billion invested across more than
260 funds under management and/or administration by its subsidiaries, as of
December 31, 1994, Federated Investors is one of the largest mutual fund
investment managers in the United States. With more than 1,750 employees,
Federated continues to be led by the management who founded the company in 1955.
Federated funds are presently at work in and through 4,000 financial
institutions nationwide. More than 100,000 investment professionals have
selected Federated funds for their clients.
Henry A. Frantzen has been the Fund's portfolio manager its inception. Mr.
Frantzen joined Federated Investors in 1995 as an Executive Vice President of
the Fund's investment adviser. Mr. Frantzen served as Chief Investment Officer
of international equities at Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. from 1992 to 1995. He
was the Executive Vice President and Director of Equities at Oppenheimer
Management
Corporation from 1989 to 1991. Mr. Frantzen received his B.S. in finance and
marketing from the University of North Dakota.
Drew J. Collins has been the Fund's portfolio manager its inception. Mr. Collins
joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Senior Vice President of the Fund's
investment adviser. Mr. Collins served as Vice President/Portfolio Manager of
international equity portfolios at Arnold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc. from 1994 to
1995. He served as an Assistant Vice President/Portfolio Manager for
international equities at the College Retirement Equities Fund from 1986 to
1994. Mr. Collins is a Chartered Financial Analyst and received his M.B.A. in
finance from the University of Pennsylvania.
Jolanta M. Wysocka has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception.
Ms. Wysocka joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Vice President of the Fund's
investment adviser. Ms. Wysocka served as Senior Investment Officer and Emerging
Markets Portfolio Manager at PIMCO Advisers L.P./ Parametric Portfolio
Associates from 1993 to 1995. She served as President of Kinetic Capital
Management, Inc. from 1991 to 1995. Ms. Wysocka served as Vice President,
Research for Ko Securities, Inc. from 1990 to 1991. Ms. Wysocka received her
masters degree in computer science from the Institute of Technology, Zielona
Gora, Poland.
Both the Corporation and the Adviser have adopted strict codes of ethics
governing the conduct of all employees who manage the Fund and its portfolio
securities. These codes recognize that such persons owe a fiduciary duty to the
Fund's shareholders and must place the interests of shareholders ahead of the
employees' own interest. Among other things, the codes: require preclearance and
periodic reporting of personal securities transactions; prohibit personal
transactions in securities being purchased or sold, or being considered for
purchase or sale, by the Fund; prohibit purchasing securities in initial public
offerings; and prohibit taking profits on securities held for less than sixty
days. Violations of the codes are subject to review by the Board of Directors,
and could result in severe penalties.
DISTRIBUTION OF CLASS A SHARES
Federated Securities Corp. is the principal distributor for Shares of the Fund.
Federated Securities Corp. is located at Federated Investors Tower, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15222-3779. It is a Pennsylvania corporation organized on November
14, 1969, and is the principal distributor for a number of investment companies.
Federated Securities Corp. is a subsidiary of Federated Investors.
State securities laws may require certain financial instructions such as
depository institutions to register as dealers.
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES. Under a distribution plan adopted in
accordance with Investment Company Act Rule 12b-1 (the "Distribution Plan"), the
distributor may be paid a fee in an amount computed at an annual rate of up to
.25 of l% of the average daily net assets of Shares to finance any activity
which is principally intended to result in the sale of Shares subject to the
Distribution Plan. The Fund does not currently make payments to the distributor
or charge a fee under the Distribution Plan for Shares, and shareholders will be
notified if the Fund intends to charge a fee under the Distribution Plan. For
Shares, the distributor may select financial institutions such as banks,
fiduciaries, custodians for public funds, investment advisers, and
broker/dealers to provide sales services or distribution-related support
services as agents for their clients or customers.
The Distribution Plan is a compensation type plan. As such, the Fund makes no
payments to the distributor except as described above. Therefore, the Fund does
not pay for unreimbursed expenses of the distributor, including amounts expended
by the distributor in excess of amounts received by it from the Fund, interest,
carrying or other financing charges in connection with excess amounts expended,
or the distributor's overhead expenses. However, the distributor may be able to
recover such amounts or may earn a profit from future payments made by Shares
under the Plan.
In addition, the Fund has entered into a Shareholder Services Agreement with
Federated Shareholder Services, a subsidiary of Federated Investors, under which
the Fund may make payments up to 0.25 of 1% of the average daily net asset value
of Shares to obtain certain personal services for shareholders and for the
maintenance of shareholder accounts ("Shareholder Services"). Under the
Shareholder Services Agreement, Federated Shareholder Services will either
perform Shareholder Services directly or will select financial institutions to
perform Shareholder Services. Financial institutions will receive fees based
upon Shares owned by their clients or customers. The schedules of such fees and
the basis upon which such fees will be paid will be determined from time to time
by the Fund and Federated Shareholder Services.
In addition to payments made pursuant to the Distribution Plan and Shareholder
Services Agreement, Federated Securities Corp. and Federated Shareholder
Services, from their own assets, may pay financial institutions supplemental
fees for the performance of sales services, distribution-related support
services, or shareholder services.
OTHER PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Federated Securities Corp. will pay
financial institutions, at the time of purchase, an amount equal to .50 of 1% of
the net asset value of Shares purchased by their clients or customers under
certain qualified retirement plans as approved by Federated Securities Corp.
(Such payments are subject to a reclaim from the financial institution should
the assets leave the program within 12 months after purchase.)
Furthermore, the distributor may offer to pay a fee from its own assets to
financial institutions as financial assistance for providing substantial
marketing and sales support. The support may include sponsoring sales,
educational and training seminars for their employees, providing sales
literature, and engineering computer software programs that emphasize the
attributes of the Fund. Such assistance will be predicated upon the amount of
Shares the financial institution sells or may sell, and/or upon the type and
nature of sales or marketing support furnished by the financial institution. Any
payments made by the distributor may be reimbursed by the Fund's Adviser or its
affiliates.
ADMINISTRATION OF THE FUND
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES. Federated Administrative Services, a subsidiary of
Federated Investors, provides administrative personnel and services (including
certain legal and financial reporting services) necessary to operate the Fund.
Federated Administrative Services provides these at an annual rate which relates
to the average aggregate daily net assets of all Federated Funds as specified
below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MAXIMUM AVERAGE AGGREGATE DAILY NET
ADMINISTRATIVE FEE ASSETS OF THE FEDERATED FUNDS
- ------------------- ------------------------------------
<S> <C>
.15 of 1% on the first $250 million
.125 of 1% on the next $250 million
.10 of 1% on the next $250 million
.075 of 1% on assets in excess of $750 million
</TABLE>
The administrative fee received during any fiscal year shall be at least
$125,000 per portfolio and $30,000 per each additional class of shares.
Federated Administrative Services may choose voluntarily to waive a portion of
its fee.
EXPENSES OF THE FUND AND CLASS A SHARES
Holders of Shares pay their allocable portion of Corporation and portfolio
expenses.
The Corporation expenses for which holders of Class A Shares pay their allocable
portion include, but are not limited to: the cost of organizing the Corporation
and continuing its existence; registering the Corporation with federal and state
securities authorities; Directors' fees; auditors' fees; the cost of meetings of
Directors; legal fees of the Corporation; association membership dues; and such
non-recurring and extraordinary items as may arise from time to time.
The portfolio expenses for which holders of Class A Shares pay their allocable
portion include, but are not limited to: registering the portfolio and Class A
Shares of the portfolio; investment advisory services; taxes and commissions;
custodian fees; insurance premiums; auditors' fees; and such non-recurring and
extraordinary items as may arise from time to time.
At present, the only expenses which are allocated specifically to Class A Shares
as a class are expenses under the Corporation's Distribution Plan and fees for
Shareholder Services. However, the Directors reserve the right to allocate
certain other expenses to holders of Class A Shares as they deem appropriate
("Class Expenses"). In any case, Class Expenses would be limited to:
distribution fees; transfer agent fees as identified by the transfer agent as
attributable to holders of Class A Shares; printing and postage expenses related
to preparing and distributing materials such as shareholder reports,
prospectuses and proxies to current shareholders; registration fees paid to the
Securities and Exchange Commission and to state securities commissions; expenses
related to administrative personnel and services as required to support holders
of Class A Shares; legal fees relating solely to Class A Shares; and Directors'
fees incurred as a result of issues related solely to Class A Shares.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
When selecting brokers and dealers to handle the purchase and sale of portfolio
instruments, the Adviser looks for prompt execution of the order at a favorable
price. In working with dealers, the
Adviser will generally use those who are recognized dealers in specific
portfolio instruments, except when a better price and execution of the order can
be obtained elsewhere. In selecting among firms believed to meet these criteria,
the Adviser may give consideration to those firms which have sold or are selling
Shares of the Fund and other funds distributed by Federated Securities Corp. The
Adviser makes decisions on portfolio transactions and selects brokers and
dealers subject to review by the Directors.
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOTING RIGHTS
Each share of the Fund gives the shareholder one vote in Director elections and
other matters submitted to shareholders for vote. All shares of each fund or
class in the Corporation have equal voting rights, except that in matters
affecting only a particular fund or class, only shares of that fund or class are
entitled to vote.
As a Maryland corporation, the Corporation is not required to hold annual
shareholder meetings. Shareholder approval will be sought only for certain
changes in the Corporation's or the Fund's operation and for the election of
Directors under certain circumstances.
Directors may be removed by the Directors or by shareholders at a special
meeting. A special meeting of shareholders shall be called by the Directors upon
the written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the Corporation's
outstanding shares of all series entitled to vote.
TAX INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEDERAL INCOME TAX
The Fund will pay no federal income tax because it expects to meet requirements
of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies and to receive the
special tax treatment afforded to such companies. However, the Fund may invest
in the stock of certain foreign corporations which would constitute a Passive
Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"). Federal income taxes may be imposed on the
Fund upon disposition of PFIC investments.
The Fund will be treated as a single, separate entity for federal income tax
purposes so that income (including capital gains) and losses realized by the
Corporation's other portfolios will not be combined for tax purposes with those
realized by the Fund.
Investment income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may
be subject to foreign taxes withheld at the source. The United States has
entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries that entitle the Fund to
reduced tax rates or exemptions on this income. The effective rate of foreign
tax cannot be predicted since the amount of Fund assets to be invested within
various countries is unknown. However, the Fund intends to operate so as to
qualify for treaty-reduced tax rates where applicable.
Unless otherwise exempt, shareholders are required to pay federal income tax on
any dividends and other distributions, including capital gains distributions,
received. This applies whether dividends and distributions are received in cash
or as additional Shares. Distributions representing long-term capital gains, if
any, will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains no matter how
long the shareholders have held the Shares. No federal income tax is due on any
dividends earned in an IRA or qualified retirement plan until distributed.
Due to differences in the book and tax treatment of fixed income securities
denominated in foreign currencies, it is difficult to project currency effects
on an interim basis. Therefore, to the extent that currency fluctuations cannot
be anticipated, a portion of distributions to shareholders could later be
designated as a return of capital, rather than income, for income tax purposes,
which may be of particular concern to simple trusts.
If more than 50% of the value of the Fund's assets at the end of the tax year is
represented by stock or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund intends to
qualify for certain Code stipulations that would allow shareholders to claim a
foreign tax credit or deduction on their U.S. income tax returns. The Code may
limit a shareholder's ability to claim a foreign tax credit. Furthermore,
shareholders who elect to deduct their portion of the Fund's foreign taxes
rather than take the foreign tax credit must itemize deductions on their income
tax returns.
STATE AND LOCAL TAXES
Fund shares are exempt from personal property taxes imposed by counties,
municipalities, and school districts in Pennsylvania.
Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the status of
their accounts under state and local tax laws.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From time to time, the Fund advertises its total return and yield for Class A
Shares.
Total return represents the change, over a specific period of time, in the value
of an investment in Class A Shares after reinvesting all income and capital
gains distributions. It is calculated by dividing that change by the initial
investment and is expressed as a percentage.
The yield of Class A Shares is calculated by dividing the net investment income
per share (as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission) earned by Class
A Shares over a thirty-day period by the maximum offering price per share of
each class on the last day of the period. This number is then annualized using
semi-annual compounding. The yield does not necessarily reflect income actually
earned by Class A Shares and, therefore, may not correlate to the dividends or
other distributions paid to shareholders.
The performance information reflects the effect of non-recurring charges, such
as the maximum sales load or contingent deferred sales charges, which, if
excluded, would increase the total return and yield.
Total return and yield will be calculated separately for Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares.
From time to time, advertisements for Class A Shares of the Fund may refer to
ratings, rankings, and other information in certain financial publications
and/or compare the performance of Class A Shares to certain indices.
OTHER CLASSES OF SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund also offers two other classes of
shares called Class B Shares and Class C Shares. This prospectus relates only to
Class A Shares.
Class B Shares are sold primarily to customers of financial institutions,
subject to a maximum contingent deferred sales charge of 5.50%. The Fund has
also adopted a Distribution Plan whereby the distributor is paid a fee of up to
.75 of 1% and a Shareholder Services fee of up to .25 of 1% of the Class B
Shares' average daily net assets with respect to Class B Shares. Investments in
Class B Shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $1,500, unless the
investment is in a retirement account, in which case the minimum investment is
$50.
Class C Shares are sold primarily to customers of financial institutions at net
asset value with no initial sales load. Class C Shares are distributed pursuant
to a Distribution Plan adopted by the Fund whereby the distributor is paid a fee
of up to .75 of 1%, in addition to a Shareholder Services fee of .25 of 1% of
the Class C Shares' average daily net assets. In addition, Class C Shares may be
subject to certain contingent deferred sales charges. Investments in Class C
Shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $1,500, unless the
investment is in a retirement account, in which case the minimum investment is
$50.
Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares are subject to certain of the
same expenses. Expense differences, however, among Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares may affect the performance of each class.
To obtain more information and a prospectus for either Class B Shares or Class C
Shares, investors may call 1-800-235-4669 or contact their financial
institution.
ADDRESSES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Federated Emerging Markets Fund
Class A Shares Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributor
Federated Securities Corp. Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment Adviser
Federated Global Research Corp. 175 Water Street
New York, New York 10038-4965
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Custodian
State Street Bank and P.O. Box 8600
Trust Company Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
Federated Services Company P.O. Box 8600
Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Independent Auditors
Ernst & Young LLP One Oxford Centre
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
FEDERATED EMERGING
MARKETS FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT
SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
PROSPECTUS
An Open-End, Diversified Management
Investment Company
February 13, 1996
FEDERATED SECURITIES CORP.
(LOGO)
- ---------------------------------------------
Distributor
A subsidiary of FEDERATED INVESTORS
FEDERATED INVESTORS TOWER
PITTSBURGH, PA 15222-3779
G01472-01 (1/96)
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may
any offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement
becomes effective. This Statement of Additional Information shall not
consititute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall
there be any sale of these securities in any State in which such offer,
solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification
under the securities laws of any such State.
Subject to Completion, January 17, 1996
FEDERATED EMERGING MARKETS FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
CLASS B SHARES
CLASS C SHARES
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This Statement of Additional Information should be read with the prospectus
for Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares, or the stand-
alone prospectus for Class A Shares of Federated Emerging Markets Fund
(the "Fund") dated February 13, 1996. This Statement is not a prospectus
itselfYou may request a copy of either prospectus or a paper copy of this
Statement of Additonal Information, if you have received it electronically,
free of charge by calling 1-800-235-4669.
FEDERATED INVESTORS TOWER
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222-3779
Statement dated February 13, 1996
FEDERATED SECURITIES
CORP.
Distributor
A subsidiary of FEDERATED INVESTORS
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND2
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES2
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES 2
WARRANTS 3
SOVEREIGN DEBT OBLIGATIONS 3
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY
TRANSACTIONS 4
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES 4
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS 5
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS 5
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES
6
FUTURES AND OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS7
RISKS 14
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS 21
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AFFECTING
EMERGING
MARKETS 25
ADDITIONAL RISK CONSIDERATIONS 27
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER 28
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS 28
WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC. MANAGEMENT
34
FUND OWNERSHIP 43
DIRECTORS COMPENSATION 43
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES 45
ADVISER TO THE FUND 45
ADVISORY FEES 45
OTHER RELATED SERVICES 46
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING
AGENT ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS 20
PURCHASING SHARES 20
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER
SERVICES AGREEMENT 20
CONVERSION TO FEDERAL FUNDS 21
PURCHASES BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES,
DIRECTORS, AND EMPLOYEES OF THE FUND
21
DETERMINING NET ASSET VALUE 21
DETERMINING MARKET VALUE OF SECURITIES
21
TRADING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES 21
REDEEMING SHARES 21
REDEMPTION IN KIND 22
TAX STATUS 22
THE FUND'S TAX STATUS 22
FOREIGN TAXES 22
SHAREHOLDERS' TAX STATUS 22
TOTAL RETURN 23
YIELD 23
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS 23
ABOUT FEDERATED INVESTORS 24
MUTUAL FUND MARKET 24
INSTITUTIONAL 25
TRUST ORGANIZATIONS 25
BROKER/DEALERS AND BANK BROKER/DEALER
SUBSIDIARIES 25
APPENDIX 26
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
The Fund is a portfolio of World Investment Series, Inc. (the "Corporation"),
which was established under the laws of the State of Maryland on January 25,
1994.
Shares of the Fund are offered in three classes known as Class A Shares,
Class B Shares, and Class C Shares (individually and collectively referred to as
"Shares" as the context may require). This Statement of Additional Information
relates to all three classes of the above-mentioned Shares.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income realized from the portfolio is incidental. The Fund pursues its
investment objective by investing primarily in securities of issuers and
companies domiciled in or having primary operations in emerging markets. The
investment objective cannot be changed without approval of shareholders.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
The convertible bonds and convertible preferred stocks in which the Fund may
invest generally retain the investment characteristics of fixed income
securities until they have been converted but also react to movements in the
underlying equity securities. The prices of fixed income securities fluctuate
inversely to the direction of interest rates. The holder is entitled to received
the fixed income of a bond or the dividend preference of a preferred stock until
the holder elects to exercise the conversion privilege. Usable bonds are
corporate bonds that can be used in whole or in part, customarily at full face
value, in lieu of cash to purchase the issuer's common stock.
Convertible securities are senior to equity securities, and therefore have a
claim to assets of the corporation prior to the holders of common stock in the
case of liquidation. However, convertible securities are generally subordinated
to similar nonconvertible securities of the same company. The interest income
and dividends from convertible bonds and preferred stocks provide a stable
stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks, but lower than
nonconvertible securities of similar quality. The Fund will exchange or convert
the convertible securities held in its portfolio into shares of the underlying
common stocks when, in the investment adviser's opinion, the investment
characteristics of the underlying common shares will assist the Fund in
achieving it investment objective. Otherwise, the Fund will hold or trade the
convertible securities.
WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are options to purchase common stock
at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned
common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may
have a life ranging from less than a year to twenty years or may be perpetual.
However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In
addition, if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant's
exercise price during the life of the warrant, the warrant will expire as
worthless. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights
with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage
increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater
than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned
common stock.
SOVEREIGN DEBT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may purchase sovereign debt instruments issued or guaranteed by foreign
governments or their agencies, including debt of countries with emerging markets
or developing countries. Sovereign debt may be in the form of conventional
securities or other types of debt instruments, such as loans or loan
participations. Sovereign debt of emerging market or developing countries may
involve a high degree of risk, and may be in default or present the risk of
default. Governmental entities responsible for repayment of the debt may be
unable or unwilling to repay principal and interest when due, and may require
renegotiation or rescheduling of debt payments. In addition, prospects for
repayment of principal and interest may depend on political as well as economic
factors. The Fund may also invest in debt obligations of supranational entities,
which include international organizations designed or supported by governmental
entities to promote economic reconstruction or development, and international
banking institutions and related government agencies. Examples of these include,
but are not limited to, the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (World Bank), European Investment Bank and Inter-American
Development Bank.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS
These transactions are made to secure what is considered to be an advantageous
price or yield for the Fund. No fees or other expenses, other than normal
transaction costs, are incurred. However, liquid assets of the Fund sufficient
to make payment for the securities to be purchased are segregated on the Fund`s
records at the trade date. These assets are marked to market daily and are
maintained until the transaction has been settled. The Fund does not intend to
engage in when-issued and delayed delivery transactions to an extent that would
cause the segregation of more than 20% of the total value of its assets.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The collateral received when the Fund lends portfolio securities must be valued
daily and, should the market value of the loaned securities increase, the
borrower must furnish additional collateral to the Fund. During the time
portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays the Fund any dividends or
interest paid on such securities. Loans are subject to termination at the option
of the Fund or the borrower. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and
custodial fees in connection with a loan and may pay a negotiated portion of the
interest earned on the cash or equivalent collateral to the borrower or placing
broker. The Fund does not have the right to vote securities on loan, but would
terminate the loan and regain the right to vote if that were considered
important with respect to the investment.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund or its custodian will take possession of the securities subject to
repurchase agreements, and these securities will be marked to market daily. To
the extent that the original seller does not repurchase the securities from the
Fund, the Fund could receive less than the repurchase price on any sale of such
securities. In the event that such a defaulting seller filed for bankruptcy or
became insolvent, disposition of such securities by the Fund might be delayed
pending court action. The Fund believes that under the regular procedures
normally in effect for custody of the Fund's portfolio securities subject to
repurchase agreements, a court of competent jurisdiction would rule in favor of
the Fund and allow retention or disposition of such securities. The Fund will
only enter into repurchase agreements with banks and other recognized financial
institutions, such as broker/dealers, which are found by the Fund's investment
adviser to be creditworthy pursuant to guidelines established by the
Corporation's Board of Directors (the "Directors").
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements. These transactions
are similar to borrowing cash. In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund
transfers possession of a portfolio instrument to another person, such as a
financial institution, broker, or dealer, in return for a percentage of the
instrument's market value in cash, and agrees that on a stipulated date in the
future, the Fund will repurchase the portfolio instrument by remitting the
original consideration plus interest at an agreed upon rate. The use of reverse
repurchase agreements may enable the Fund to avoid selling portfolio instruments
at a time when a sale may be deemed to be disadvantageous, but the ability to
enter into reverse repurchase agreements does not ensure that the Fund will be
able to avoid selling portfolio instruments at a disadvantageous time.
When effecting reverse repurchase agreements, liquid assets of the Fund, in a
dollar amount sufficient to make payment for the obligations to be purchased,
are segregated at the trade date. These securities are marked to market daily
and are maintained until the transaction is settled.
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The ability of the Directors to determine the liquidity of certain restricted
securities is permitted under a Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff
position set forth in the adopting release for Rule 144A under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the "Rule"). The Rule is a non-exclusive safe-harbor
for certain secondary market transactions involving registration for resales of
otherwise restricted securities to qualified institutional buyers. The Rule was
expected to further enhance the liquidity of the secondary market for securities
eligible for
resale under the Rule. The Fund believes that the staff of the SEC has left the
question of determining the liquidity of all restricted securities to the
Directors. The Directors may consider the following criteria in determining the
liquidity of certain restricted securities:
o the frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
o the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the
number of other potential buyers;
o dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
o the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, securities of foreign issuers which are not
listed on a recognized domestic or foreign exchange or for which a bona fide
market does not exist at the time of purchase or subsequent transaction shall be
treated as illiquid securities by the Directors.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS
The Fund may attempt to hedge all or a portion of its portfolio or gain
relatively rapid, liquid, and cost-effective exposure to certain markets by
buying and selling futures contracts and options on futures contracts.
FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Fund may engage in futures contracts. A futures contract is a firm
commitment by two parties, the seller who agrees to make delivery of the
specific type of security called for in the contract ("going short") and
the buyer who agrees to take delivery of the security ("going long") at a
certain time in the future. However, a securities index futures contract is
an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery
of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index
at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which
the index was originally written. No physical delivery of the underlying
securities in the index is made.
The purpose of the acquisition or sale of a futures contract by the Fund is
to protect the Fund from fluctuations in the value of its securities caused
by unanticipated changes in interest rates or market conditions without
necessarily buying or selling the securities. For example, in the fixed
income securities market, price generally moves inversely to interest
rates. A rise in rates generally means a drop in price. Conversely, a
drop in rates generally means a rise in price. In order to hedge its
holdings of fixed income securities against a rise in market interest
rates, the Fund could enter into contracts to deliver securities at a
predetermined price (i.e., "go short") to protect itself against the
possibility that the prices of its fixed income securities may decline
during the anticipated holding period. The Fund would "go long" (i.e.,
agree to purchase securities in the future at a predetermined price) to
hedge against a decline in market interest rates. The Fund may also invest
in securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser believes
such investment is more efficient, liquid, or cost-effective than investing
directly in the securities underlying the index.
STOCK INDEX OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase put options on stock indices listed on national
securities exchanges or traded in the over-the-counter market. A stock
index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the stocks included
in the index.
The effectiveness of purchasing stock index options will depend upon the
extent to which price movements in the Fund's portfolio correlate with
price movements of the stock index selected. Because the value of an index
option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the
price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or loss
from the purchase of options on an index depends upon movements in the
level of stock prices in the stock market generally or, in the case of
certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in
the price of a particular stock. Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of
options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the investment
adviser to predict correctly movements in the direction of the stock market
generally or of a particular industry.
PUT OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Fund may purchase listed or over-the-counter put options on financial
futures contracts. The Fund would use these options only to protect
portfolio securities against decreases in value resulting from market
factors such as anticipated increase in interest rates, or when the
investment adviser believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or
cost-effective than investing directly in the futures contract or the
underlying securities or when such futures contracts or securities are
unavailable for investment upon favorable terms.
Unlike entering directly into a futures contract, which requires the
purchaser to buy a financial instrument on a set date at a specified price,
the purchase of a put option on a futures contract entitles (but does not
obligate) its purchaser to decide on or before a future date whether to
assume a short position at the specified price. Generally, if the hedged
portfolio securities decrease in value during the term of an option, the
related futures contracts will also decrease in value and the option will
increase in value. In such an event, the Fund will normally close out its
option by selling an identical option. If the hedge is successful, the
proceeds received by the Fund upon the sale of the second option will be
large enough to offset both the premium paid by the Fund for the original
option plus the realized decrease in value of the hedged securities.
Alternatively, the Fund may exercise its put option to close out the
position. To do so, it would simultaneously enter into a futures contract
of the type underlying the option (for a price less than the strike price
of the option) and exercise the option. The Fund would then deliver the
futures contract in return for payment of the strike price. If the Fund
neither closes out nor exercises an option, the option will expire on the
date provided in the option contract, and only the premium paid for the
contract will be lost.
The Fund may write listed or over-the counter put options on financial
futures contracts to hedge its portfolio or when the investment adviser
believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than
investing directly in the futures contract or the underlying securities or
when such futures contracts or securities are unavailable for investment
upon favorable terms. When the Fund writes a put option on a futures
contract, it receives a cash premium which can be used in whatever way is
deemed most advantageous to the Fund. In exchange for such premium, the
Fund grants to the purchaser of the put the right to receive from the Fund,
at the strike price, a short position in such futures contract, even though
the strike price upon exercise of the option is greater than the value of
the futures position received by such holder. If the value of the
underlying futures position is not such that exercise of the option would
be profitable to the option holder, the option will generally expire
without being exercised. The Fund has no obligation to return premiums
paid to it whether or not the option is exercised. It will generally be
the policy of the Fund, in order to avoid the exercise of an option sold by
it, to cancel its obligation under the option by entering into a closing
purchase transaction, if available, unless it is determined to be in the
Fund's interest to deliver the underlying futures position. A closing
purchase transaction consists of the purchase by the Fund of an option
having the same term as the option sold by the Fund, and has the effect of
canceling the Fund's position as a seller. The premium which the Fund will
pay in executing a closing purchase transaction may be higher than the
premium received when the option was sold, depending in large part upon the
relative price of the underlying futures position at the time of each
transaction.
CALL OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL AND STOCK INDEX FUTURES CONTRACTS
In addition to purchasing put options on futures, the Fund may write listed
call options or over-the-counter call options on financial and stock index
futures contracts (including cash-settled stock index options), to hedge
its portfolio against an increase in market interest rates, a decrease in
stock prices, or when the investment adviser believes such investment is
more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than investing directly in the
futures contract or the underlying securities or when such futures
contracts or securities are unavailable for investment upon favorable
terms. When the Fund writes a call option on a futures contract, it is
undertaking the obligation of assuming a short futures position (selling a
futures contract) at the fixed strike price at any time during the life of
the option if the option is exercised. As stock prices fall or market
interest rates rise and cause the price of futures to decrease, the Fund's
obligation under a call option on a future (to sell a futures contract)
costs less to fulfill, causing the value of the Fund's call option position
to increase.
In other words, as the underlying futures price goes down below the strike
price, the buyer of the option has no reason to exercise the call, so that
the Fund keeps the premium received for the option. This premium can
substantially offset the drop in value of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Prior to the expiration of a call written by the Fund, or exercise of it by
the buyer, the Fund may close out the option by buying an identical option.
If the hedge is successful, the cost of the second option will be less than
the premium received by the Fund for the initial option. The net premium
income of the Fund may then substantially offset the realized decrease in
value of the hedged securities.
When the Fund purchases a call on a financial futures contract, it receives
in exchange for the payment of a cash premium the right, but not the
obligation, to enter into the underlying futures contract at a strike price
determined at the time the call was purchased, regardless of the
comparative market of such futures position at the time the option is
exercised. The holder of a call option has the right to receive a long (or
buyer's) position in the underlying futures contract.
The Fund generally will not maintain open positions in futures contracts it
has sold or call options it has written on futures contracts if, in the
aggregate, the value of the open positions (marked to market) exceeds the
current market value of its securities portfolio plus the unrealized loss
or minus the unrealized gain on those open positions, adjusted for the
correlation between the hedged securities and the futures contracts. If
this limitation is exceeded at any time, the Fund will take prompt action
to close out a sufficient number of open contracts to bring its open
futures and options positions within this limitation.
"MARGIN" IN FUTURES TRANSACTIONS
Unlike the purchase or sale of a security, the Fund does not pay or receive
money upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Rather, the Fund is
required to deposit an amount of "initial margin" in cash or U.S. Treasury
bills with its custodian (or the broker, if legally permitted). The nature
of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin
in securities transactions in that initial margin in futures transactions
does not involve the borrowing of funds by the Fund to finance the
transactions. Initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good
faith deposit on the contract which is returned to the Fund upon
termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations
have been satisfied.
A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official
settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund
pays or receives cash, called "variation margin," equal to the daily change
in value of the futures contract. This process is known as "marking to
market." Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the
Fund but is instead settlement between the Fund and the broker of the
amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In
computing its daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market its open
futures positions.
The Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin when it writes
call options on futures contracts.
PURCHASING PUT AND CALL OPTIONS ON PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may purchase put and call options on portfolio securities to
protect against price movements in particular securities in its portfolio.
A put option gives the Fund, in return for a premium, the right to sell the
underlying security to the writer (seller) at a specified price during the
term of the option. A call option gives the Fund, in return for a premium,
the right to buy the underlying securities from the seller.
WRITING COVERED PUT AND CALL OPTIONS ON PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may write covered put and call options to generate income and
thereby protect against price movements in particular securities in the
Fund's portfolio. As the writer of a call option, the Fund has the
obligation upon exercise of the option during the option period to deliver
the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price. As the writer
of a put option, the Fund has the obligation to purchase a security from
the purchaser of the option upon the exercise of the option.
The Fund may only write call options either on securities held in its
portfolio or on securities which it has the right to obtain without payment
of further consideration (or has segregated cash in the amount of any
additional consideration). In the case of put options, the Fund will
segregate cash or U.S. Treasury obligations with a value equal to or
greater than the exercise price of the underlying securities.
OVER-THE-COUNTER OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase and write over-the-counter options ("OTC options") on
portfolio securities or in securities indexes in negotiated transactions
with the buyers or writers of the options when options on the portfolio
securities held by the Fund or when the securities indexes are not traded
on an exchange.
OTC options are two-party contracts with price and terms negotiated between
buyer and seller. In contrast, exchange-traded options are third-party
contracts with standardized strike prices and expiration dates and are
purchased from a clearing corporation. Exchange-traded options have a
continuous liquid market while OTC options may not.
RISKS
OPTIONS
Certain hedging vehicles have risks associated with them including
possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to
the extent the adviser's view as to certain market movements is incorrect,
the risk that the use of such hedging strategies could result in losses
greater than if they had not been used. Use of put and call options may
result in losses to the Fund, force the sale or purchase of portfolio
securities at inopportune times or for prices higher than (in the case of
put options) or lower than (in the case of call options) current market
values, limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on its
investments or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell.
The use of currency transactions can result in the Fund incurring losses as
a result of a number of factors including the imposition of exchange
controls, suspension of settlements, or the inability to deliver or receive
a specified currency. The use of options and futures transactions entails
certain other risks. In particular, the variable degree of correlation
between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the
related portfolio position of the Fund creates the possibility that losses
on the hedging instrument may be greater than gains in the value of the
Fund's position. In addition, futures and options markets may both be
liquid in all circumstances and certain over-the-counter options may have
not markets. As a result, in certain markets, the Fund might not be able
to close out a transaction without incurring substantial losses, if at all.
Although the use of futures and options transactions for hedging should
tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the
hedged position, at the same time they tend to limit any potential gain
which might result from an increase in value of such position. Finally,
the daily variation margin requirements for futures contracts would create
a greater ongoing potential financial risk than would purchase of options,
where the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium. Losses
resulting from the use of hedging strategies would reduce net asset value,
and possibly income, and such losses can be greater than if the hedging
strategies had not been utilized.
COMBINED TRANSACTIONS
The Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple options
transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transaction
(including forward currency contracts) and multiple interest rate
transactions and any combination of futures, options, currency and interest
rate transactions ("component" transactions), instead of a single hedging
strategy, as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the opinion of
the investment adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A
combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present
in each of its component transactions. Although combined transactions are
normally entered into based on the investment adviser's judgment that the
combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve
the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination
will instead increase such risks or hinder achievement of the portfolio
management objective.
SWAPS, CAPS, FLOORS AND COLLARS
Among the hedging strategies into which the Fund may enter are interest
rate, currency and index swaps and the purchase or sale of related caps,
floors, and collars. The Fund expects to enter into these transactions
primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or
portion of its portfolio, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a
duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the
price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. The
Fund intends to use these transactions as hedges and not as speculative
investments and will not sell interest rate caps or floors where it does
not own securities or other instruments providing the income stream the
Fund may be obligated to pay. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by
the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or
receive interest, e.g., an exchange of floating rating payments of fixed
rate payments with respect to a notional amount of principal. A currency
swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows on a notional amount of two or
more currencies based on the relative value differential among them and an
index swap is an agreement to swap cash flows on a notional amount based on
changes in the values of the reference indices. The purchase of a cap
entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount
from the party selling such cap to the extent that a specified index
exceeds a predetermined interest rate or amount. The purchase of a floor
entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount
from the party selling such floor to the extent that specified index falls
below a predetermined interest rate or amount. A collar is a combination
of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined
range of interest rates or values.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two
payment streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or
dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as
the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Inasmuch as
these swaps, caps, floors, and collars are entered into for good faith
hedging purposes, the investment adviser and the Fund believe such
obligations do not constitute senior securities under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, and, accordingly, will not treat them as
being subject to its borrowing restrictions. There is no minimal
acceptable rating for a swap, cap, floor, or collar to be purchased or held
in the Fund's portfolio. If there is a default by the counterparty, the
Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to
the transaction. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years
with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as
principals and agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a
result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Caps, floors and
collars are more recent innovations for which standardized documentation
has not yet been fully developed and, accordingly, they are less liquid
than swaps.
RISKS OF HEDGING STRATEGIES OUTSIDE THE U.S.
When conducted outside the U.S., hedging strategies may not be regulated as
rigorously as in the U.S., may not involve a clearing mechanism and
related guarantees, and are subject to the risk of governmental actions
affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and
other instruments. The value of such positions also could be adversely
affected by: (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic
factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the U.S. of data on which to make
trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Fund's ability to act upon economic
events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the U.S.,
(iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and
procedures and the margin requirements than in the U.S., and (v) lower
trading volume and liquidity.
USE OF SEGREGATED AND OTHER SPECIAL ACCOUNTS
Many hedging strategies, in addition to other requirements, require that
the Fund segregate liquid high grade assets with its custodian to the
extent Fund obligations are not otherwise "covered" through ownership of
the underlying security, financial instrument or currency. In general,
either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver
securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities,
instruments or currency required to be delivered, or, subject to any
regulatory restrictions, an amount of cash or liquid high grade securities
at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be segregated
with the custodian. The segregated assets cannot be sold or transferred
unless equivalent assets are substituted in their place or it is no longer
necessary to segregate them. For example, a call option written by the
Fund will require the Fund to hold the securities subject to the call (or
securities convertible into the needed securities without additional
consideration) or to segregate liquid high grade securities sufficient to
purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised. A call
option sold by the Fund on an index will require the Fund to own portfolio
securities which correlate with the index or to segregate liquid high grade
assets equal to the excess of the index value over the exercise price on a
current basis. A put option written by the Fund requires the Fund to
segregate liquid high grade assets equal to the exercise price.
Except when the Fund enters into a forward contract for the purchase or
sale of a security denominated in a particular currency, a currency
contract which obligates the Fund to buy or sell currency will generally
require the Fund to hold an amount of that currency or liquid securities
denominated in that currency equal to the Fund's obligations or to
segregate liquid high grade assets equal to the amount of the Fund's
obligations.
OTC options entered into by the Fund, including those on securities,
currency, financial instruments or indices and OTC issued and exchange
listed index options, will generally provide for cash settlement. As a
result, when the Fund sells these instruments it will only segregate an
amount of assets equal to its accrued net obligations, as there is no
requirement for payment or delivery of amounts in excess of the net amount.
These amounts will equal 100% of the exercise price in the case of a non
cash-settled put, the same as an OTC guaranteed listed option sold by the
Fund, or the in-the-money amount plus any sell-back formula amount in the
case of a cash-settled put or call. In addition, when the Fund sells a
call option on an index at a time when the in-the-money amount exceeds the
exercise price, the Fund will segregate, until the option expires or is
closed out, cash or cash equivalents equal in value to such excess. OTC
issued and exchange listed options sold by the Fund other than those above
generally settle with physical delivery, and the Fund will segregate an
equal amount of assets equal to the full value of the option. OTC options
settling with physical delivery, or with an election of either physical
delivery or cash settlement will be treated the same as other options
settling with physical delivery.
In the case of a futures contract or an option thereon, the Fund must
deposit initial margin and possible daily variation margin in addition to
segregating assets sufficient to meet its obligation to purchase or provide
securities or currencies, or to pay the amount owed at the expiration of an
index-based futures contract. Such assets may consist of cash, cash
equivalents, liquid debt or equity securities or other acceptable assets.
With respect to swaps, the Fund will accrue the net amount of the excess,
if any, of its obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap
on a daily basis and will segregate an amount of cash or liquid high grade
securities having a value equal to the accrued excess. Caps, floors and
collars require segregation of assets with a value equal to the Fund's net
obligation, if any.
Strategic transactions may be covered by other means when consistent with
applicable regulatory policies. The Fund may also enter into offsetting
transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated
assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related options and
hedging strategies. For example, the Fund could purchase a put option if
the strike price of that option is the same or higher than the strike price
of a put option sold by the Fund. Moreover, instead of segregating assets
if the Fund held a futures or forward contract, it could purchase a put
option on the same futures or forward contract with a strike price as high
or higher than the price of the contract held. Other hedging strategies
may also be offset in combinations. If the offsetting transaction
terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction no segregation
is required, but if it terminates prior to such time, assets equal to any
remaining obligation would need to be segregated.
The Fund's activities involving hedging strategies may be limited by the
requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the "Code") for qualification as a regulated investment company.
(See "Tax Status")
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
CURRENCY RISKS
The exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies are a
function of such factors as supply and demand in the currency exchange
markets, international balances of payments, governmental intervention,
speculation and other economic and political conditions. Although the Fund
values its assets daily in U.S. dollars, the Fund may not convert its
holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars daily. The Fund may incur
conversion costs when it converts its holdings to another currency. Foreign
exchange dealers may realize a profit on the difference between the price
at which the Fund buys and sells currencies.
The Fund will engage in foreign currency exchange transactions in
connection with its portfolio investments. The Fund will conduct its
foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis
at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market or
through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts in
order to protect against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change
in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency involved
in an underlying transaction. However, forward foreign currency exchange
contracts may limit potential gains which could result from a positive
change in such currency relationships. The investment adviser believes that
it is important to have the flexibility to enter into forward foreign
currency exchange contracts whenever it determines that it is in the Fund's
best interest to do so. The Fund will not speculate in foreign currency
exchange.
The Fund will not enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts or
maintain a net exposure in such contracts when it would be obligated to
deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of its
portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency or, in
the case of a "cross-hedge" denominated in a currency or currencies that
the investment adviser believes will tend to be closely correlated with
that currency with regard to price movements. Generally, the Fund will not
enter into a forward foreign currency exchange contract with a term longer
than one year.
FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS
A foreign currency option provides the option buyer with the right to buy
or sell a stated amount of foreign currency at the exercise price on a
specified date or during the option period. The owner of a call option has
the right, but not the obligation, to buy the currency. Conversely, the
owner of a put option has the right, but not the obligation, to sell the
currency.
When the option is exercised, the seller (i.e., writer) of the option is
obligated to fulfill the terms of the sold option. However, either the
seller or the buyer may, in the secondary market, close its position during
the option period at any time prior to expiration.
A call option on foreign currency generally rises in value if the
underlying currency appreciates in value, and a put option on foreign
currency generally rises in value if the underlying currency depreciates in
value. Although purchasing a foreign currency option can protect the Fund
against an adverse movement in the value of a foreign currency, the option
will not limit the movement in the value of such currency. For example, if
the Fund was holding securities denominated in a foreign currency that was
appreciating and had purchased a foreign currency put to hedge against a
decline in the value of the currency, the Fund would not have to exercise
its put option. Likewise, if the Fund were to enter into a contract to
purchase a security denominated in foreign currency and, in conjunction
with that purchase, were to purchase a foreign currency call option to
hedge against a rise in value of the currency, and if the value of the
currency instead depreciated between the date of purchase and the
settlement date, the Fund would not have to exercise its call. Instead, the
Fund could acquire in the spot market the amount of foreign currency needed
for settlement.
SPECIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS
Buyers and sellers of foreign currency options are subject to the same
risks that apply to options generally. In addition, there are certain risks
associated with foreign currency options. The markets in foreign currency
options are relatively new, and the Fund's ability to establish and close
out positions on such options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid
secondary market. Although the Fund will not purchase or write such options
unless and until, in the opinion of the investment adviser, the market for
them has developed sufficiently to ensure that the risks in connection with
such options are not greater than the risks in connection with the
underlying currency, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary
market will exist for a particular option at any specific time.
In addition, options on foreign currencies are affected by all of those
factors that influence foreign exchange rates and investments generally.
The value of a foreign currency option depends upon the value of the
underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result, the price of
the option position may vary with changes in the value of either or both
currencies and may have no relationship to the investment merits of a
foreign security. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the
interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may
be involved in the use of foreign currency options, investors may be
disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd lot market (generally consisting
of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign
currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign
currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through
dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis.
Available quotation information is generally representative of very large
transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect relatively
smaller transactions (i.e., less than $1 million) where rates may be less
favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-
the-clock market. To the extent that the U.S. option markets are closed
while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant
price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that
cannot be reflected in the options markets until they reopen.
FOREIGN CURRENCY FUTURES TRANSACTIONS
By using foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts,
the Fund may be able to achieve many of the same objectives as it would
through the use of forward foreign currency exchange contracts. The Fund
may be able to achieve these objectives possibly more effectively and at a
lower cost by using futures transactions instead of forward foreign
currency exchange contracts.
SPECIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED
OPTIONS
Buyers and sellers of foreign currency futures contracts are subject to the
same risks that apply to the use of futures generally. In addition, there
are risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts and their use
as a hedging device similar to those associated with options on currencies,
as described above.
Options on foreign currency futures contracts may involve certain
additional risks. Trading options on foreign currency futures contracts is
relatively new. The ability to establish and close out positions on such
options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market. To
reduce this risk, the Fund will not purchase or write options on foreign
currency futures contracts unless and until, in the opinion of the
investment adviser, the market for such options has developed sufficiently
that the risks in connection with such options are not greater than the
risks in connection with transactions in the underlying foreign currency
futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of foreign currency
futures contracts, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts
involves less potential risk to the Fund because the maximum amount at risk
is the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). However, there
may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures
contract would result in a loss, such as when there is no movement in the
price of the underlying currency or futures contract.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AFFECTING EMERGING MARKETS
Investing in equity securities of companies in emerging markets may entail
greater risks than investing in equity securities in developed countries. These
risks include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) the small
current size of the markets for such securities and the currently low or
nonexistent volume of trading, which result in a lack of liquidity and in
greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the
Fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers
or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation; and
(v) the absence of developed structures governing private or foreign investment
or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property. Investing in
the securities of companies in emerging markets, may entail special risks
relating to the potential political and economic instability and the risks of
expropriation, nationalization, confiscation or the imposition of restrictions
on foreign investment, convertibility of currencies into U.S. dollars and on
repatriation of capital invested. In the event of such expropriation,
nationalization or other confiscation by any country, the Fund could lose its
entire investment in any such country.
Settlement mechanisms in emerging markets may be less efficient and reliable
than in more developed markets. In such emerging securities markets there may be
share registration and delivery delays or failures.
Most Latin American countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods
extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid
fluctuations in inflation rates and corresponding currency devaluations have had
any may continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities
markets of certain Latin American countries.
POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RISKS. Even though opportunities for investment
may exist in emerging markets, any change in the leadership or policies of the
governments of those countries or in the leadership or policies of any other
government which exercises a significant influence over those countries, may
halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment
policies now occurring and thereby eliminate any investment opportunities which
may currently exist.
Investors should note that upon the accession to power of authoritarian regimes,
the governments of a number of Latin American countries previously expropriated
large quantities of real and personal property similar to the property which
will be represented by the securities purchased by the Fund. The claims of
property owners against those governments were never finally settled. There can
be no assurance that any property represented by securities purchased by the
Fund will not also be expropriated, nationalized, or otherwise confiscated. If
such confiscation were to occur, the Fund could lose its entire investment in
such countries. The Fund's investments would similarly be adversely affected by
exchange control regulation in any of those countries.
Certain countries in which the Fund may invest may have groups that advocate
radical religious or revolutionary philosophies or support ethnic independence.
Any disturbance on the part of such individuals could carry the potential for
widespread destruction or confiscation of property owned by individuals and
entities foreign to such country and could cause the loss of the Fund's
investment in those countries. Instability may also result from, among other
things: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and
economic decision-making, including changes in government through
extraconsititutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for
improved political, economic and social conditions; and (iii) hostile relations
with neighboring or other countries. Such political, social and economic
instability could disrupt the principal financial markets in which the Fund
invests and adversely affect the value of the Fund's assets.
ADDITIONAL RISK CONSIDERATIONS
The Directors consider at least annually the likelihood of the imposition by any
foreign government of exchange control restrictions which would affect the
liquidity of the Fund's assets maintained with custodians in foreign countries,
as well as the degree of risk from political acts of foreign governments to
which such assets may be exposed. The Directors also consider the degree of
risk involved through the holding of portfolio securities in domestic and
foreign securities depositories. However, in the absence of willful
misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the investment
adviser, any losses resulting from the holding of the Fund's portfolio
securities in foreign countries and/or with securities depositories will be at
the risk of shareholders. No assurance can be given that the Directors'
appraisal of the risks will always be correct or that such exchange control
restrictions or political acts of foreign governments might not occur.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund does not intend to invest for the purpose of seeking short-
term profits, securities in its portfolio will be sold whenever the investment
adviser believes it is appropriate to do so in light of the Fund's investment
objective, without regard to the length of time a particular security may have
been held. The investment adviser does not anticipate that portfolio turnover
will result in adverse tax consequences. It is not anticipated that the
portfolio trading engaged in by the Fund will result in its annual rate of
portfolio turnover exceeding 100%; however, the relative performance of the
Fund's investments may make a realignment of the Fund's portfolio desirable from
time to time. The frequency of such portfolio realignments will be determined
by market conditions. Higher portfolio turnover involves correspondingly
greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs that the Fund will
bear directly.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The following investment limitations are fundamental (except that no investment
limitation of the Fund shall prevent the Fund from investing substantially all
of its assets (except for assets which are not considered "investment
securities" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or assets
exempted by the SEC) in an open-end investment company with substantially the
same investment objectives):
SELLING SHORT AND BUYING ON MARGIN
The Fund will not sell any securities short or purchase any securities on
margin, but may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the
clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities. The deposit or
payment by the Fund of initial or variation margin in connection with
financial futures contracts or related options transactions is not
considered the purchase of a security on margin.
ISSUING SENIOR SECURITIES AND BORROWING MONEY
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except that the Fund may borrow
money directly or through reverse repurchase agreements in amounts up to
one-third of the value of its total assets, including the amount borrowed,
and except to the extent that the Fund may enter into futures contracts.
The Fund will not borrow money or engage in reverse repurchase agreements
for investment leverage, but rather as a temporary, extraordinary, or
emergency measure or to facilitate management of the portfolio by enabling
the Fund to meet redemption requests when the liquidation of portfolio
securities is deemed to be inconvenient or disadvantageous. The Fund will
not purchase any securities while any borrowings in excess of 5% of its
total assets are outstanding.
PLEDGING ASSETS
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate any assets except to
secure permitted borrowings. In these cases, the Fund may pledge assets as
necessary to secure such borrowings. For purposes of this limitation, the
following will not be deemed to be pledges of the Fund's assets: (a) the
deposit of assets in escrow in connection with the writing of covered put
or call options and the purchase of securities on a when-issued basis; and
(b) collateral arrangements with respect to: (i) the purchase and sale of
securities options (and options on securities indexes) and (ii) initial or
variation margin for futures contracts.
CONCENTRATION OF INVESTMENTS
The Fund will not invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in
any one industry, except that the Fund may invest 25% or more of the value
of its total assets in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities.
INVESTING IN COMMODITIES
The Fund will not invest in commodities, except that the Fund reserves the
right to engage in transactions involving futures contracts, options, and
forward contracts with respect to securities, securities indexes or
currencies.
INVESTING IN REAL ESTATE
The Fund will not purchase or sell real estate, including limited
partnership interests, although it may invest in the securities of
companies whose business involves the purchase or sale of real estate or in
securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate.
LENDING CASH OR SECURITIES
The Fund will not lend any of its assets, except portfolio securities.
This shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or holding U.S. government
obligations, corporate bonds, money market instruments, debentures, notes,
certificates of indebtedness, or other debt securities, entering into
repurchase agreements, or engaging in other transactions where permitted by
the Fund's investment objective, policies, and limitations or the
Corporation's Articles of Incorporation.
UNDERWRITING
The Fund will not underwrite any issue of securities, except as it may be
deemed to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection
with the sale of securities in accordance with its investment objective,
policies, and limitations.
DIVERSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS
With respect to securities comprising 75% of the value of its total assets,
the Fund will not purchase securities issued by any one issuer (other than
cash, cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities) if, as a result, more than 5% of the
value of its total assets would be invested in the securities of that
issuer, and will not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting
securities of any one issuer.
The above investment limitations cannot be changed without shareholder approval.
The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Directors without
shareholder approval (except that no investment limitation of the Fund shall
prevent the Fund from investing substantially all of its assets (except for
assets which are not considered "investment securities" under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, or assets exempted by the SEC) in an open-end
investment company with substantially the same investment objectives).
Shareholders will be notified before any material changes in these limitations
become effective.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
The Fund will limit its investment in other investment companies to no more
than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any investment company,
invest no more than 5% of its total assets in any one investment company,
and invest no more than 10% of its total assets in investment companies in
general. The Fund will purchase securities of investment companies only in
open-market transactions involving only customary broker's commissions.
However, these limitations are not applicable if the securities are
acquired in a merger, consolidation, or acquisition of assets. It should
be noted that investment companies incur certain expenses such as
management fees, and, therefore, any investment by the Fund in shares of
another investment company would be subject to such duplicate expenses.
INVESTING IN ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund will not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements providing for
settlement in more than seven days after notice, non-negotiable time
deposits with maturities over seven days, over-the-counter options, swap
agreements not determined to be liquid, and certain restricted securities
not determined by the Directors to be liquid.
INVESTING IN NEW ISSUERS
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in
securities of issuers with records of less than three years of continuous
operations, including the operation of any predecessor.
INVESTING IN ISSUERS WHOSE SECURITIES ARE OWNED BY OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF
THE CORPORATION
The Fund will not purchase or retain the securities of any issuer if the
officers and Directors of the Corporation or the Fund's investment adviser,
owning individually more than 1/2 of 1% of the issuer's securities,
together own more than 5% of the issuer's securities.
INVESTING IN MINERALS
The Fund will not purchase interests in oil, gas, or other mineral
exploration or development programs or leases, although it may invest in
the securities of issuers which invest in or sponsor such programs.
PURCHASING SECURITIES TO EXERCISE CONTROL
The Fund will not purchase securities of a company for the purpose of
exercising control or management.
INVESTING IN PUT OPTIONS
The Fund will not purchase put options on securities or futures contracts,
unless the securities or futures contracts are held in the Fund's portfolio
or unless the Fund is entitled to them in deliverable form without further
payment or after segregating cash in the amount of any further payment.
WRITING COVERED CALL OPTIONS
The Fund will not write call options on securities unless the securities or
futures contracts are held in the Fund's portfolio or unless the Fund is
entitled to them in deliverable form without further payment or after
segregating cash in the amount of any further payment.
INVESTING IN WARRANTS
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of the value of its net assets in
warrants, including those acquired in units or attached to other
securities. No more than 2% of the Fund's net assets, to be included within
the overall 5% limit on investments in warrants, may be warrants which are
not listed on the New York or American Stock Exchanges. For purposes of
this investment restriction, warrants will be valued at the lower of cost
or market, except that warrants acquired by the Fund in units with or
attached to securities may be deemed to be without value.
Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to
at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting
from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such
restriction.
The Fund has no present intent to borrow money, pledge securities, or invest in
reverse repurchase agreements in excess of 5% of the value of its total assets
in the coming fiscal year. In addition, the Fund expects to lend not more than
5% of its total assets in the coming fiscal year.
To comply with registration requirements in certain states, the Fund (1) will
limit the aggregate value of the assets underlying covered call options or put
options written by the Fund to not more than 25% of its net assets, (2) will
limit the premiums paid for options purchased by the Fund to 5% of its net
assets, and (3) will limit the margin deposits on futures contracts entered into
by the Fund to 5% of its net assets. (If state requirements change, these
restrictions may be revised without shareholder notification.)
For purposes of its policies and limitations, the Fund considers certificates of
deposit and demand and time deposits issued by a U.S. branch of a domestic bank
or savings and loan having capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of
$100,000,000 at the time of investment to be "cash items."
WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC. MANAGEMENT
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS ARE LISTED WITH THEIR ADDRESSES, BIRTHDATES, PRESENT
POSITIONS WITH WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC., AND PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS.
John F. Donahue@*
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: July 28, 1924
Chairman and Director
Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investors, Federated Advisers, Federated
Management, and Federated Research; Chairman and Director, Federated Research
Corp. and Federated Global Research Corp.; Chairman, Passport Research, Ltd.;
Chief Executive Officer and Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of
the Funds. Mr. Donahue is the father of J. Christopher Donahue, Executive Vice
President of the Company .
Thomas G. Bigley
28th Floor, One Oxford Centre
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: February 3, 1934
Director
Director, Oberg Manufacturing Co.; Chairman of the Board, Children's Hospital of
Pittsburgh; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds;
formerly, Senior Partner, Ernst & Young LLP.
John T. Conroy, Jr.
Wood/IPC Commercial Department
John R. Wood and Associates, Inc., Realtors
3255 Tamiami Trail North
Naples, FL
Birthdate: June 23, 1937
Director
President, Investment Properties Corporation; Senior Vice-President, John R.
Wood and Associates, Inc., Realtors; President, Northgate Village Development
Corporation; Partner or Trustee in private real estate ventures in Southwest
Florida; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly,
President, Naples Property Management, Inc.
William J. Copeland
One PNC Plaza - 23rd Floor
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: July 4, 1918
Director
Director and Member of the Executive Committee, Michael Baker, Inc.; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, Vice Chairman and
Director, PNC Bank, N.A., and PNC Bank Corp. and Director, Ryan Homes, Inc.
James E. Dowd
571 Hayward Mill Road
Concord, MA
Birthdate: May 18, 1922
Director
Attorney-at-law; Director, The Emerging Germany Fund, Inc.; Director, Trustee,
or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Lawrence D. Ellis, M.D.*
3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1111
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 11, 1932
Director
Professor of Medicine and Member, Board of Trustees, University of Pittsburgh;
Medical Director, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center - Downtown; Member,
Board of Directors, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; formerly,
Hematologist, Oncologist, and Internist, Presbyterian and Montefiore Hospitals;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Richard B. Fisher *
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: May 17, 1923
President and Director
Executive Vice President and Trustee, Federated Investors; Chairman and
Director, Federated Securities Corp.; President or Vice President of some of the
Funds; Director or Trustee of some of the Funds.
Edward L. Flaherty, Jr.@
Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty
Two Gateway Center - Suite 674
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: June 18, 1924
Director
Attorney-at-law; Shareholder, Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty; Director,
Eat'N Park Restaurants, Inc., and Statewide Settlement Agency, Inc.; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, Counsel, Horizon
Financial, F.A., Western Region.
Peter E. Madden
Seacliff
562 Bellevue Avenue
Newport, RI
Birthdate: March 16, 1942
Director
Consultant; State Representative, Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, President, State
Street Bank and Trust Company and State Street Boston Corporation.
Gregor F. Meyer
Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty
Two Gateway Center - Suite 674
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 6, 1926
Director
Attorney-at-law; Shareholder, Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty; Chairman,
Meritcare, Inc.; Director, Eat'N Park Restaurants, Inc.; Director, Trustee, or
Managing General Partner of the Funds.
John E. Murray, Jr., J.D., S.J.D.
President, Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: December 20, 1932
Director
President, Law Professor, Duquesne University; Consulting Partner, Mollica,
Murray and Hogue; Director, Trustee or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Wesley W. Posvar
1202 Cathedral of Learning
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: September 14, 1925
Director
Professor, International Politics and Management Consultant; Trustee, Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, RAND Corporation, Online Computer Library
Center, Inc., and U.S. Space Foundation; Chairman, Czecho Management Center;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; President Emeritus,
University of Pittsburgh; founding Chairman, National Advisory Council for
Environmental Policy and Technology and Federal Emergency Management Advisory
Board.
Marjorie P. Smuts
4905 Bayard Street
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: June 21, 1935
Director
Public relations/marketing consultant; Conference Coordinator, Non-profit
entities; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
J. Christopher Donahue
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: April 11, 1949
Executive Vice President
President and Trustee, Federated Investors, Federated Advisers, Federated
Management, and Federated Research; President and Director, Federated Research
Corp. and Federated Global Research Corp.; President, Passport Research, Ltd.;
Trustee, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Services Company, and
Federated Shareholder Services; President or Vice President of the Funds;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of some of the Funds. Mr. Donahue
is the son of John F. Donahue, Chairman and Director of the Company.
Edward C. Gonzales
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 22, 1930
Executive Vice President
Vice Chairman, Treasurer, and Trustee, Federated Investors; Vice President,
Federated Advisers, Federated Management, Federated Research, Federated Research
Corp., Federated Global Research Corp. and Passport Research, Ltd.; Executive
Vice President and Director, Federated Securities Corp.; Trustee, Federated
Services Company; Chairman, Treasurer, and Trustee, Federated Administrative
Services; Trustee or Director of some of the Funds; President, Executive Vice
President and Treasurer of some of the Funds.
John W. McGonigle
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 26, 1938
Executive Vice President and Secretary
Executive Vice President, Secretary, General Counsel, and Trustee, Federated
Investors; Trustee, Federated Advisers, Federated Management, and Federated
Research; Director, Federated Research Corp. and Federated Global Research
Corp.; Trustee, Federated Services Company; Executive Vice President, Secretary,
and Trustee, Federated Administrative Services; President and Trustee, Federated
Shareholder Services; Director, Federated Securities Corp.; Executive Vice
President and Secretary of the Funds.
David M. Taylor
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: January 13, 1947
Treasurer
Senior Vice President, Controller, and Trustee, Federated Investors; Controller,
Federated Advisers, Federated Management, Federated Research, Federated Research
Corp., and Passport Research, Ltd.; Senior Vice President, Federated
Shareholder Services; Vice President, Federated Administrative Services;
Treasurer of some of the Funds.
* This Director is deemed to be an "interested person" as defined in the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
@ Member of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee of the Board of
Directors handles the responsibilities of the Board of Directors between
meetings of the Board.
As used in the table above, "The Funds" and "Funds" mean the following
investment companies: American Leaders Fund, Inc.; Annuity Management Series;
Arrow Funds; Automated Government Money Trust; Blanchard Funds; Blanchard
Precious Metals, Inc.; Cash Trust Series II; Cash Trust Series, Inc.; DG
Investor Series; Edward D. Jones & Co. Daily Passport Cash Trust; Federated ARMs
Fund; Federated Equity Funds; Federated Exchange Fund, Ltd.; Federated GNMA
Trust; Federated Government Trust; Federated High Yield Trust; Federated Income
Securities Trust; Federated Income Trust; Federated Index Trust; Federated
Institutional Trust; Federated Master Trust; Federated Municipal Trust;
Federated Short-Term Municipal Trust; Federated Short-Term U.S. Government
Trust; Federated Stock Trust; Federated Tax-Free Trust; Federated Total Return
Series, Inc.; Federated U.S. Government Bond Fund; Federated U.S. Government
Securities Fund: 1-3 Years; Federated U.S. Government Securities Fund: 3-5
Years; First Priority Funds; Fixed Income Securities, Inc.; Fortress Adjustable
Rate U.S. Government Fund, Inc.; Fortress Municipal Income Fund, Inc.; Fortress
Utility Fund, Inc.; Fund for U.S. Government Securities, Inc.; Government Income
Securities, Inc.; High Yield Cash Trust; Insurance Management Series;
Intermediate Municipal Trust; International Series, Inc.; Investment Series
Funds, Inc.; Investment Series Trust; Liberty Equity Income Fund, Inc.; Liberty
High Income Bond Fund, Inc.; Liberty Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.; Liberty
U.S. Government Money Market Trust; Liberty Term Trust, Inc. - 1999; Liberty
Utility Fund, Inc.; Liquid Cash Trust; Managed Series Trust; Money Market
Management, Inc.; Money Market Obligations Trust; Money Market Trust; Municipal
Securities Income Trust; Newpoint Funds; 111 Corcoran Funds; Peachtree Funds;
The Planters Funds; RIMCO Monument Funds; The Shawmut Funds; Star Funds; The
Starburst Funds; The Starburst Funds II; Stock and Bond Fund, Inc.; Sunburst
Funds; Targeted Duration Trust; Tax-Free Instruments Trust; Trademark Funds;
Trust for Financial Institutions; Trust For Government Cash Reserves; Trust for
Short-Term U.S. Government Securities; Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations; The
Virtus Funds; and World Investment Series, Inc.
FUND OWNERSHIP
Officers and Directors own less than 1% of the Fund's outstanding Shares.
DIRECTORS COMPENSATION
AGGREGATE
NAME , COMPENSATION
POSITION WITH FROM TOTAL COMPENSATION PAID
CORPORATION CORPORATION *# FROM FUND COMPLEX +
John F. Donahue $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
Chairman and Director 68 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Thomas G. Bigley $ 0 $20,688 for the Corporation and
Director 49 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
John T. Conroy, Jr. $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
William J. Copeland $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
James E. Dowd $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Lawrence D. Ellis, M.D. $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Richard B. Fisher $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
President and Director 8 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Edward L. Flaherty, Jr. $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Peter E. Madden $ 0 $90,563 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Gregor F. Meyer $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
John E. Murray, Jr. $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
Director 69 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Wesley W. Posvar $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Marjorie P. Smuts $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
*Information is furnished for the period from January 26, 1994 (organization
date of the Corporation) to November 30, 1994.
#The aggregate compensation is provided for the Corporation which was comprised
of 1 portfolio, as of
November 30, 1994.
+The information is provided for the last calendar year end.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
ADVISER TO THE FUND
The Fund's investment adviser is Federated Global Research Corp. (the
"Adviser"). It is a subsidiary of Federated Investors. All the voting securities
of Federated Investors are owned by a trust, the trustees of which are John F.
Donahue, his wife, and his son, J. Christopher Donahue.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Corporation, the Fund, or any shareholder
of the Fund for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or
sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or
omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or
reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the
Corporation.
ADVISORY FEES
For its advisory services, the Adviser receives an annual investment advisory
fee as described in each prospectus.
STATE EXPENSE LIMITATIONS
The Adviser has undertaken to comply with the expense limitations
established by certain states for investment companies whose shares are
registered for sale in those states. If the Fund's normal operating
expenses (including the investment advisory fee, but not including
brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, and extraordinary expenses) exceed
2-1/2% per year of the first $30 million of average net assets, 2% per year
of the next $70 million of average net assets, and 1-1/2% per year of the
remaining average net assets, the Adviser will reimburse the Fund for its
expenses over the limitation.
If the Fund's monthly projected operating expenses exceed this limitation,
the investment advisory fee paid will be reduced by the amount of the
excess, subject to an annual adjustment. If the expense limitation is
exceeded, the amount to be reimbursed by the Adviser will be limited, in
any single fiscal year, by the amount of the investment advisory fee.
This arrangement is not part of the advisory contract and may be amended or
rescinded in the future.
OTHER RELATED SERVICES
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic
equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the
purchase of shares of funds offered by Federated Securities Corp.
OTHER SERVICES
FUND ADMINISTRATION
Federated Administrative Services, a subsidiary of Federated Investors, provides
administrative personnel and services to the Fund for a fee as described in each
prospectus. Dr. Henry J. Gailliot, an officer of Federated Global Research
Corp., the Adviser to the Fund, holds approximately 20% of the outstanding
common stock and serves as a director of Commercial Data Services, Inc., a
company which provides computer processing services to Federated Administrative
Services.
CUSTODIAN
State Street Bank and Trust Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-
8600, is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund. Foreign instruments
purchased by the Fund are held by foreign banks participating in a network
coordinated by State Street Bank.
TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT
Federated Services Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600, is
transfer agent for the Shares of the Fund, and dividend disbursing agent for the
Fund. The fee paid to the transfer agent is based upon the size, type, and
number of accounts and transactions made by shareholders.
Federated Services Company also maintains the Fund's accounting records. The
fee paid for this service is based upon the level of the Fund's average net
assets for the period plus out-of-pocket expenses.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The independent auditors for the Fund are Ernst & Young LLP, One Oxford Centre,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The Adviser may select brokers and dealers who offer brokerage and research
services. These services may be furnished directly to the Fund or to the Adviser
and may include:
o advice as to the advisability of investing in securities;
o security analysis and reports;
o economic studies;
o industry studies;
o receipt of quotations for portfolio evaluations; and
o similar services.
The Adviser and its affiliates exercise reasonable business judgment in
selecting brokers who offer brokerage and research services to execute
securities transactions. They determine in good faith that commissions charged
by such persons are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research services provided.
Research services provided by brokers may be used by the Adviser or by
affiliates of Federated Investors in advising other accounts. To the extent that
receipt of these services may supplant services for which the Adviser or its
affiliates might otherwise have paid, it would tend to reduce their expenses.
Although investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of
the other accounts managed by the Adviser, investments of the type the Fund may
make may also be made by those other accounts. When the Fund and one or more
other accounts managed by the Adviser are prepared to invest in, or desire to
dispose of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales
will be allocated in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable to each.
In some cases, this procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by
the Fund or the size of the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. In
other cases, however, it is believed that coordination and the ability to
participate in volume transactions will be to the benefit of the Fund.
The Adviser may engage in other non-U.S. transactions that may have adverse
effects on the market for securities in the Fund's portfolio. The Adviser is
not obligated to obtain any material non-public ("inside") information about any
securities issuer, or to base purchase or sale recommendations on such
information.
PURCHASING SHARES
Except under certain circumstances described in each prospectus, Shares are sold
at their net asset value (plus a sales load on Class A Shares only) on days the
New York Stock Exchange is open for business. The procedure for purchasing
Shares is explained in each prospectus under "How To Purchase Shares."
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES AGREEMENT
These arrangements permit the payment of fees to financial institutions, the
distributor, and Federated Shareholder Services as appropriate, to stimulate
distribution activities and to cause services to be provided to shareholders by
a representative who has knowledge of the shareholder's particular circumstances
and goals. These activities and services may include, but are not limited to,
marketing efforts; providing office space, equipment, telephone facilities, and
various clerical, supervisory, computer, and other personnel as necessary or
beneficial to establish and maintain shareholder accounts and records;
processing purchase and redemption transactions and automatic investments of
client account cash balances; answering routine client inquiries; and assisting
clients in changing dividend options, account designations, and addresses.
By adopting the Distribution Plan, the Directors expect that the Class A Shares,
Class B Shares, and Class C Shares of the Fund will be able to achieve a more
predictable flow of cash for investment purposes and to meet redemptions. This
will facilitate more efficient portfolio management and assist the Fund in
pursuing its investment objectives. By identifying potential investors whose
needs are served by the Fund's objectives, and properly servicing these
accounts, it may be possible to curb sharp fluctuations in rates of redemptions
and sales.
Other benefits, which may be realized under either arrangement, may include: (1)
providing personal services to shareholders; (2) investing shareholder assets
with a minimum of delay and administrative detail; (3) enhancing shareholder
recordkeeping systems; and (4) responding promptly to shareholders' requests and
inquiries concerning their accounts.
CONVERSION TO FEDERAL FUNDS
It is the Fund's policy to be as fully invested as possible so that maximum
interest may be earned. To this end, all payments from shareholders must be in
federal funds or be converted into federal funds before shareholders begin to
earn dividends. Federated Services Company acts as the shareholder's agent in
depositing checks and converting them to federal funds.
PURCHASES BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES, DIRECTORS, AND EMPLOYEES OF THE FUND
Directors, employees, and sales representatives of the Fund, Federated Global
Research Corp., and Federated Securities Corp. or their affiliates, or any
investment dealer who has a sales agreement with Federated Securities Corp. and
their spouses and children under 21, may buy Class A Shares at net asset value
without a sales load. Shares may also be sold without a sales load to trusts or
pension or profit-sharing plans for these people.
These sales are made with the purchaser's written assurance that the purchase is
for investment purposes and that the securities will not be resold except
through redemption by the Fund.
DETERMINING NET ASSET VALUE
Net asset value generally changes each day. The days on which net asset value is
calculated by the Fund are described in each prospectus.
DETERMINING MARKET VALUE OF SECURITIES
Market values of the Fund's portfolio securities, other than options, are
determined as follows:
o for equity securities, according to the last sale price in the market in
which they are primarily traded (either a national securities exchange or
the over-the-counter market), if available;
o in the absence of recorded sales for equity securities, according to the
mean between the last closing bid and asked prices;
o for bonds and other fixed income securities, as determined by an
independent pricing service;
o for short-term obligations, according to the prices as furnished by an
independent pricing service, except that short-term obligations with
remaining maturities of less than 60 days at the time of purchase may be
valued at amortized cost; and
o for all other securities, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Directors.
Prices provided by independent pricing services may be determined without
relying exclusively on quoted prices and may consider: insititutional trading in
similar groups of securities, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of
issue, trading characteristics, and other market data.
The Fund will value futures contracts and options at their market values
established by the exchanges on which they are traded at the close of trading on
such exchanges unless the Directors determine in good faith that another method
of valuing such investments is necessary.
TRADING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES
Trading in foreign securities may be completed at times which vary from the
closing of the New York Stock Exchange. In computing the net asset value, the
Fund values foreign securities at the latest closing price on the exchange on
which they are traded immediately prior to the closing of the New York Stock
Exchange. Certain foreign currency exchange rates may also be determined at the
latest rate prior to the closing of the New York Stock Exchange. Foreign
securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at
current rates. Occasionally, events that affect these values and exchange rates
may occur between the times at which they are determined and the closing of the
New York Stock Exchange. If such events materially affect the value of
portfolio securities, these securities may be valued at their fair value as
determined in good faith by the Directors, although the actual calculation may
be done by others.
REDEEMING SHARES
The Fund redeems Shares at the next computed net asset value, less any
applicable contingent deferred sales charge, after the Fund receives the
redemption request. Redemption procedures are explained in each prospectus under
"How To Redeem Shares." Although the transfer agent does not charge for
telephone redemptions, it reserves the right to charge a fee for the cost of
wire-transferred redemptions of less than $5,000.
Class B Shares redeemed within six years of purchase and Class C Shares and
applicable Class A Shares redeemed within one year of purchase may be subject to
a contingent deferred sales charge. The amount of the contingent deferred sales
charge is based upon the amount of the administrative fee paid at the time of
purchase by the distributor to the financial institution for services rendered,
and the length of time the investor remains a shareholder in the Fund. Should
financial institutions elect to receive an amount less than the administrative
fee that is stated in the prospectus for servicing a particular shareholder, the
contingent deferred sales charge and/or holding period for that particular
shareholder will be reduced accordingly.
Since portfolio securities of the Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges which
trade on Saturdays or on holidays on which the Fund will not make redemptions,
the net asset value of each class of Shares of the Fund may be significantly
affected on days when shareholders do not have an opportunity to redeem their
Shares.
REDEMPTION IN KIND
Although the Corporation intends to redeem Shares in cash, it reserves the right
under certain circumstances to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a
distribution of securities from the respective Fund's portfolio. To the extent
available, such securities will be readily marketable.
The Corporation has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 of the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, under which the Corporation is obligated to
redeem Shares for any one shareholder in cash only up to the lesser of $250,000
or 1% of the respective class's net asset value during any 90-day period.
Any redemption beyond this amount will also be in cash unless the Directors
determine that payment should be in kind. In such a case, the Fund will pay all
or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio instruments, valued
in the same way as the Fund determines net asset value. The portfolio
instruments will be selected in a manner that the Directors deem fair and
equitable.
Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. If redemption is made
in kind, shareholders receiving their securities and selling them before their
maturity could receive less than the redemption value of their securities and
could incur certain transaction costs.
TAX STATUS
THE FUND'S TAX STATUS
The Fund will pay no federal income tax because it expects to meet the
requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,
applicable to regulated investment companies and to receive the special tax
treatment afforded to such companies. To qualify for this treatment, the Fund
must, among other requirements:
o derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, and gains
from the sale of securities;
o derive less than 30% of its gross income from the sale of securities held
less than three months;
o invest in securities within certain statutory limits; and
o distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its net income earned during
the year.
However, the Fund may invest in the stock of certain foreign corporations which
would constitute a Passive Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"). Federal income
taxes may be imposed on the Fund upon disposition of PFIC investments.
FOREIGN TAXES
Investment income on certain foreign securities in which the Fund may invest may
be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes that could reduce the return on
these securities. Tax treaties between the United States and foreign countries,
however, may reduce or eliminate the amount of foreign taxes to which the Fund
would be subject.
SHAREHOLDERS' TAX STATUS
Shareholders are subject to federal income tax on dividends and capital gains
received as cash or additional Shares. The Fund's dividends, and any short-term
capital gains, are taxable as ordinary income.
CAPITAL GAINS
Shareholders will pay federal tax at capital gains rates on long-term
capital gains distributed to them regardless of how long they have held the
Fund Shares.
TOTAL RETURN
The average annual total return for each class of Shares of the Fund is the
average compounded rate of return for a given period that would equate a $1,000
initial investment to the ending redeemable value of that investment. The ending
redeemable value is computed by multiplying the number of Shares owned at the
end of the period by the net asset value per share at the end of the period. The
number of Shares owned at the end of the period is based on the number of Shares
purchased at the beginning of the period with $1,000, less any applicable sales
load, adjusted over the period by any additional Shares, assuming the annual
reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge is deducted from the ending
value of the investment based on the lesser of the original purchase price or
the net asset value of Shares redeemed.
YIELD
The yield for each class of Shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the net
investment income per share (as defined by the Securities and Exchange
Commission) earned by any class of Shares over a thirty-day period by the
maximum offering price per share of the respective class on the last day of the
period. This value is annualized using semi-annual compounding. This means that
the amount of income generated during the thirty-day period is assumed to be
generated each month over a 12-month period and is reinvested every six months.
The yield does not necessarily reflect income actually earned by the Fund
because of certain adjustments required by the Securities and Exchange
Commission and, therefore, may not correlate to the dividends or other
distributions paid to the shareholders.
To the extent that financial institutions and broker/dealers charge fees in
connection with services provided in conjunction with an investment in any class
of Shares, the performance will be reduced for those shareholders paying those
fees.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS
The performance of each of the classes of Shares depends upon such variables as:
o portfolio quality;
o average portfolio maturity;
o type of instruments in which the portfolio is invested;
o changes in interest rates and market value of portfolio securities;
o changes in the Fund's or any class of Shares' expenses; and
o various other factors.
The Fund's performance fluctuates on a daily basis largely because net earnings
and offering price per Share fluctuate daily. Both net earnings and offering
price per Share are factors in the computation of yield and total return.
Investors may use financial publications and/or indices to obtain a more
complete view of the Fund's performance. When comparing performance, investors
should consider all relevant factors such as the composition of any index used,
prevailing market conditions, portfolio compositions of other funds, and methods
used to value portfolio securities and compute offering price. The financial
publications and/or indices which the Fund uses in advertising may include:
o STANDARD & POOR'S DAILY STOCK PRICE INDEX OF 500 COMMON STOCKS (S&P 500), a
composite index of common stocks in industry, transportation, and financial
and public utility companies, can be used to compare to the total returns
of funds whose portfolios are invested primarily in common stocks. In
addition, the S & P 500 assumes reinvestments of all dividends paid by
stocks listed on its index. Taxes due on any of these distributions are not
included, nor are brokerage or other fees calculated in the Standard &
Poor's figures.
o LIPPER ANALYTICAL SERVICES, INC., ranks funds in various fund categories by
making comparative calculations using total return. Total return assumes
the reinvestment of all capital gains distributions and income dividends
and takes into account any change in net asset value over a specified
period of time. From time to time, the Fund will quote its Lipper ranking
in the "emerging market region funds" category in advertising and sales
literature.
o MORGAN STANLEY CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL WORLD INDICES, including, among
others, the Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australia, Far
East Index ("EAFE Index"). The EAFE Index is an unmanaged index of more
than 1,000 companies of Europe, Australia, and the Far East.
o IBBOTSON ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONAL BOND INDEX, which provides a detailed
breakdown of local market and currency returns since 1960.
o BEAR STEARNS FOREIGN BOND INDEX, which provides simple average returns for
individual countries and GNP-weighted index, beginning in 1975. The
returns are broken down by local market and currency.
o MORNINGSTAR, INC. , an independent rating service, is the publisher of the
bi-weekly Mutual Fund Values. Mutual Fund Values rates more than 1,000
NASDAQ-listed mutual funds of all types, according to their risk-adjusted
returns. The maximum rating is five stars, and ratings are effective for
two weeks.
From time to time, the Fund may quote information including but not limited to
data regarding: individual countries, regions, world stock exchanges, and
economic and demographic statistics from sources deemed reliable.
Advertisements and other sales literature for any class of Shares may quote
total returns which are calculated on non-standardized base periods. These total
returns also represent the historic change in the value of an investment in any
class of Shares based on annual reinvestment of dividends over a specified
period of time.
From time to time as it deems appropriate, the Fund may advertise the
performance of any class of Shares using charts, graphs, and descriptions,
compared to federally insured bank products including certificates of deposit
and time deposits and to money market funds using the Lipper Analytical Services
money market instruments average. In addition, advertising and sales literature
for the Fund may use charts and graphs to illustrate the principles of dollar-
cost averaging and may disclose the amount of dividends paid by the Fund over
certain periods of time.
Advertisements may quote performance information which does not reflect the
effect of the sales load on Class A Shares.
ABOUT FEDERATED INVESTORS
Federated Investors is dedicated to meeting investor needs which is reflected in
its investment decision making-structured, straightforward, and consistent.
This has resulted in a history of competitive performance with a range of
competitive investment products that have gained the confidence of thousands of
clients and their customers.
The company's disciplined security selection process is firmly rooted in sound
methodologies backed by fundamental and technical research. Investment
decisions are made and executed by teams of portfolio managers, analysts, and
traders dedicated to specific market sectors.
In the equity sector, Federated Investors has more than 25 years' experience.
As of December 31, 1994, Federated managed 15 equity funds totaling
approximately $4 billion in assets across growth, value, equity income,
international, index and sector (i.e. utility) styles. Federated Investors'
value-oriented management style combines quantitative and qualitative analysis
and features a structured, computer-assisted composite modeling system that was
developed in the 1970s.
J. Thomas Madden, Executive Vice President, oversees Federated Investors' equity
and high yield corporate bond management while William D. Dawson, Executive Vice
President, oversees Federated's domestic fixed income management. Henry A.
Frantzen, Executive Vice President, oversees the management of Federated
Investors' international portfolios.
MUTUAL FUND MARKET
Twenty-seven percent of American households are pursuing their financial goals
through mutual funds. These investors, as well as businesses and institutions,
have entrusted over $2 trillion to the more than 5,500 funds available.*
Federated Investors, through its subsidiaries, distributes mutual funds for a
variety of investment applications. Specific markets include:
INSTITUTIONAL
Federated Investors meets the needs of more than 4,000 institutional clients
nationwide by managing and servicing separate accounts and mutual funds for a
variety of applications, including defined benefit and defined contribution
programs, cash management, and asset/liability management. Institutional
clients include corporations, pension funds, tax-exempt entities,
foundations/endowments, insurance companies, and investment and financial
advisors. The marketing effort to these institutional clients is headed by
John B. Fisher, President, Institutional Sales Division.
*source: Investment Company Institute
TRUST ORGANIZATIONS
Other institutional clients include close relationships with more than 1,500
banks and trust organizations. Virtually all of the trust divisions of the top
100 bank holding companies use Federated funds in their clients' portfolios.
The marketing effort to trust clients is headed by Mark R. Gensheimer, Executive
Vice President, Bank Marketing & Sales.
BROKER/DEALERS AND BANK BROKER/DEALER SUBSIDIARIES
Federated funds are available to consumers through major brokerage firms
nationwide--including 200 New York Stock Exchange firms--supported by more
wholesalers than any other mutual fund distributor. The marketing effort to
these firms is headed by James F. Getz, President, Broker/Dealer Division.
APPENDIX
STANDARD AND POOR'S RATINGS GROUP LONG TERM DEBT RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's Ratings
Group. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA--Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
and differs from the higher rated issues only in small degree.
A--Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB--Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest
and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for
debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
BB--Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other
speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure
to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to
inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB
rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied BBB- rating.
B--Debt rated B has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the
capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business,
financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to
pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt
subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB-
rating.
CCC--Debt rated CCC has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and
is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet
timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the
capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also
used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied
B or B- rating.
CC--The rating CC typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that
is assigned an actual or implied CCC debt rating.
C--The rating C typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which
is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating. The C rating may be used to
cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service
payments are continued.
CI--The rating CI is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being
paid.
D--Debt rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when
interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the
applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's Ratings Group
believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating
also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service
payments are jeopardized.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. LONG TERM BOND RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Bonds which are rated AAA are judged to be of the best quality. They carry
the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt
edged". Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable
margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely
to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
fundamentally strong position of such issues.
AA--Bonds which are rated AA are judged to be of high quality by all standards.
Together with the AAA group, they comprise what are generally known as high
grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in AAA securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in AAA securities.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are
to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which
suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
BAA--Bonds which are rated BAA are considered as medium grade obligations,
(i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments
and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well.
BA--Bonds which are BA are judged to have speculative elements; their future
cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and
principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during
both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes
bonds in this class.
B--Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of
other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
CAA--Bonds which are rated CAA are of poor standing. Such issues may be in
default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or
interest.
CA--Bonds which are rated CA represent obligations which are speculative in a
high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked
shortcomings.
C--Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so
rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any
real investment standing.
FITCH INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. LONG-TERM DEBT RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality.
The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay
principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The
obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although
not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA
categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments,
short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
A--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The
obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be
strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and
circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
BBB--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality.
The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be
adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are
more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore, impair timely
payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below
investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.
BB--Bonds are considered speculative. The obligor's ability to pay interest and
repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However,
business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the
obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B--Bonds are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are
currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely
payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor's limited margin of
safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the
life of the issue.
CCC--Bonds have certain indentifiable characteristics which, if not remedied,
may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous
business and economic environment.
CC--Bonds are minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or
principal seems probable over time.
C--Bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal.
DDD, DD, AND D--Bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments.
Such bonds are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their
ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD
represents the highest potential for recovery on these bonds, and D represents
the lowest potential for recovery.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
PRIME-1--Issuers rated PRIME-1 (or related supporting institutions) have a
superior capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. PRIME-1
repayment capacity will normally be evidenced by the following characteristics:
- - Leading market positions in well established industries.
- - High rates of return on funds employed.
- - Conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample
asset protection.
- - Broad margins in earning coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal
cash generation.
- - Well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of
alternate liquidity.
PRIME-2--Issuers rated PRIME-2 (or related supporting institutions) have a
strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This will
normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser
degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject
to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be
more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
STANDARD AND POOR'S RATINGS GROUP COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
A-1--This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely
payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety
characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.
A-2--Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is
satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for
issues designated A-1.
FITCH INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. COMMERCIAL PAPER RATING DEFINITIONS
FITCH-1--(Highest Grade) Commercial paper assigned this rating is regarded as
having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
FITCH-2--(Very Good Grade) Issues assigned this rating reflect an assurance of
timely payment only slightly less in degree than the strongest issues.
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR
MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR
THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE
UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS
OF ANY SUCH STATE.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED JANUARY 17, 1996
FEDERATED EUROPEAN GROWTH FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
PROSPECTUS
The Class A Shares of Federated European Growth Fund (the "Fund") represent
interests in a diversified investment portfolio of World Investment Series, Inc.
(the "Corporation"), an open-end management investment company (a mutual fund).
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income received from the portfolio is incidental. The Fund pursues its
investment objective by investing primarily in the equity securities of European
companies.
THE CLASS A SHARES OFFERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF
ANY BANK, ARE NOT ENDORSED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY BANK, AND ARE NOT INSURED BY THE
FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER
GOVERNMENT AGENCY. INVESTMENT IN THESE CLASS A SHARES INVOLVES INVESTMENT RISKS,
INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF PRINCIPAL.
This prospectus contains the information you should read and know before you
invest in the Class A Shares of the Fund. Keep this prospectus for future
reference.
The Fund has also filed a Statement of Additional Information for Class A
Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares dated February 13, 1996 with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. The information contained in the Statement
of Additional Information is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You
may request a copy of the Statement of Additional Information, or a paper copy
of this prospectus, if you have received your prospectus electronically, free of
charge by calling 1-800-235-4669. To obtain other information or to make
inquiries about the Fund, contact your financial institution.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
Prospectus dated February 13, 1996
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES 1
- ------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION 2
- ------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT INFORMATION 2
- ------------------------------------------------------
Investment Objective 2
Investment Policies 3
Investment Limitations 13
NET ASSET VALUE 13
- ------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES 14
- ------------------------------------------------------
What Shares Cost 14
Special Purchase Features 17
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE 17
- ------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES 18
- ------------------------------------------------------
Special Redemption Features 20
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge 20
Elimination of Contingent Deferred
Sales Charge 21
ACCOUNT AND SHARE INFORMATION 21
- ------------------------------------------------------
CORPORATION INFORMATION 22
- ------------------------------------------------------
Management of the Corporation 22
Distribution of Class A Shares 23
Administration of the Fund 25
Expenses of the Fund and
Class A Shares 25
Brokerage Transactions 25
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 26
- ------------------------------------------------------
Voting Rights 26
TAX INFORMATION 26
- ------------------------------------------------------
Federal Income Tax 26
State and Local Taxes 27
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION 27
- ------------------------------------------------------
OTHER CLASSES OF SHARES 28
- ------------------------------------------------------
ADDRESSES 29
- ------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
CLASS A SHARES
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION EXPENSES
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price).................... 5.50%
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Reinvested Dividends (as a percentage of offering price)......... None
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption
proceeds, as applicable)(1).................................................................. 0.00%
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable)............................. None
Exchange Fee................................................................................... None
ANNUAL OPERATING EXPENSES
(As a percentage of projected average net assets)*
Management Fee (after waiver)(2)............................................................... 0.31%
12b-1 Fee(3)................................................................................... 0.00%
Total Other Expenses........................................................................... 1.44%
Shareholder Services Fee.......................................................... 0.25%
Total Operating Expenses(4)........................................................... 1.75%
</TABLE>
(1) Class A Shares purchased with the proceeds of a redemption of shares of an
unaffiliated investment company purchased or redeemed with a sales load and not
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. may be charged a contingent deferred
sales charge of 0.50% for redemptions made within one full year of purchase. See
"Contingent Deferred Sales Charge."
(2) The estimated management fee has been reduced to reflect the anticipated
voluntary waiver of a portion of the management fee. The adviser can terminate
this anticipated voluntary waiver at any time at its sole discretion. The
maximum management fee is 1.00%.
(3) Class A Shares has no present intention of paying or accruing the 12b-1 fee
during the fiscal year ending November 30, 1996. If Class A Shares were paying
or accruing the 12b-1 fee, Class A Shares would be able to pay up to 0.25% of
its average daily net assets for the 12b-1 fee. See "Corporation Information."
(4) The operating expenses are estimated to be 2.44% absent the anticipated
voluntary waiver of a portion of the management fee.
* Total operating expenses in the table above are estimated based on average
expenses expected to be incurred during the period ending November 30, 1996.
During the course of this period, expenses may be more or less than the average
amount shown.
The purpose of this table is to assist an investor in understanding the
various costs and expenses that a shareholder of Class A Shares will bear,
either directly or indirectly. For more complete descriptions of the various
costs and expenses, see "What Shares Cost" and "Corporation Information."
Wire-transferred redemptions of less than $5,000 may be subject to additional
fees.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXAMPLE 1 year 3 years
------ -------
<S> <C> <C>
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming
(1) 5% annual return and (2) redemption at the end of each time period............. $ 77 $ 107
You would pay the following expenses on the same investment, assuming no
redemption......................................................................... $ 72 $ 107
</TABLE>
THE ABOVE EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR
FUTURE EXPENSES. ACTUAL EXPENSES MAY BE GREATER OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN. THIS
EXAMPLE IS BASED ON ESTIMATED DATA FOR THE CLASS A SHARES' FISCAL YEAR ENDING
NOVEMBER 30, 1996.
GENERAL INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Corporation was established under the laws of the State of Maryland on
January 25, 1994. The Corporation's address is Liberty Center, Federated
Investors Tower, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779. The Articles of
Incorporation permit the Corporation to offer separate series of shares
representing interests in separate portfolios of securities. As of the date of
this prospectus, the Board of Directors (the "Directors") has established three
classes of shares for the Fund, known as Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and
Class C Shares. This prospectus relates only to Class A Shares (the "Shares") of
the Fund.
Shares of the Fund are designed for individuals and institutions seeking
long-term growth of capital by investing primarily in the equity securities of
European companies.
For information on how to purchase Shares of the Fund, please refer to "How to
Purchase Shares." The minimum initial investment for Class A Shares is $500.
However, the minimum initial investment for a retirement account is $50.
Subsequent investments must be in amounts of at least $100, except for
retirement plans which must be in amounts of at least $50.
In general, Class A Shares are sold at net asset value plus the applicable sales
load and are redeemed at net asset value. However, a contingent deferred sales
charge is imposed under certain circumstances. For a more complete description,
see "How to Redeem Shares."
In addition, the Fund pays a shareholder services fee at an annual rate not to
exceed 0.25% of average daily net assets.
Information regarding the exchange privilege offered with respect to the Fund
and certain other funds for which affiliates of Federated Investors serve as
investment adviser or principal underwriter (the "Federated Funds") can be found
under "Exchange Privilege."
Investors should be aware of the following general observations. The Fund may
make certain investments and employ certain investment techniques that involve
risks, including, but not limited to, investing in foreign securities, lending
portfolio securities, investing in restricted and illiquid securities, investing
in securities on a when-issued and delayed delivery basis, writing call options
and entering into repurchase agreements.
The Fund's current net asset value and offering price can be found in the mutual
funds section of local newspapers under "Federated Liberty Funds."
INVESTMENT INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income received from the portfolio is incidental. The investment objective
cannot be changed without approval of shareholders. While there is no assurance
that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by
following the investment policies described in this prospectus.
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in a
professionally managed and diversified portfolio of European companies. Under
normal market conditions, the Fund intends to invest at least 65% of its total
assets in equity securities of issuers and companies located in Europe.
The Fund expects the majority of its equity assets to be invested in the more
established or liquid markets of Europe, including: Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The Fund may invest in countries
other than those defined above, if, in the opinion of the Fund's investment
adviser, they are considered to be attractive or liquid. These countries include
Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Turkey, Ukraine, and countries of the former Yugoslavia.
While the investment adviser considers the above-mentioned countries eligible
for investment, the Fund will not be invested in all such markets at all times.
Furthermore, the Fund may not pursue investment in such countries due to lack of
adequate custody of the Fund's assets, overly burdensome restrictions and
repatriation, lack of an organized and liquid market, or unacceptable political
or other risks. The Fund intends to allocate its investments among at least
three countries at all times and does not expect to concentrate investments in
any particular industry.
European companies are defined as (i) those for which the principal securities
trading market is Europe, as described above; (ii) those which are organized
under the laws of, or with a principal office in, Europe; or (iii) those,
wherever organized or traded, which derive (directly or indirectly through
subsidiaries) at least 50% of their total assets, capitalization, gross revenue
or profit in their most current year from goods produced, services performed, or
sales made in Europe.
Unless indicated otherwise, the investment policies of the Fund may be changed
by the Directors without the approval of shareholders. Shareholders will be
notified before any material changes in these policies become effective.
ACCEPTABLE INVESTMENTS. The equity securities in which the Fund may invest
include common stock, preferred stock (either convertible or non-convertible),
sponsored or unsponsored depositary receipts or shares, and warrants, including
other substantially similar forms of equity with comparable risk characteristics
as well as other forms which may be developed in the future. Securities may be
purchased on securities exchanges, traded over-the-counter, or have no organized
market. The Fund may also purchase corporate and government fixed income
securities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars; enter into forward
commitments, repurchase agreements and foreign currency transactions; maintain
reserves in foreign or U.S. money market instruments and cash; and purchase
options and financial futures contracts.
COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK. Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company.
Generally, preferred stock has a specified dividend and ranks after bonds and
before common stocks in its claim on income for dividend payments and on assets
should the company be liquidated. After other claims are satisfied, common
stockholders participate in company profits on a pro rata basis; profits may be
paid out in dividends or reinvested in the company to help it grow. Increases
and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price, so
common stocks generally have the greatest
appreciation and depreciation potential of all corporate securities. While most
preferred stocks pay a dividend, the Fund may purchase preferred stock where the
issuer has omitted, or is in danger of omitting, payment of its dividend. Such
investments would be made primarily for their capital appreciation potential.
In selecting securities, the investment adviser typically evaluates industry
trends, a company's financial strength, its competitive position in domestic and
export markets, technology, recent developments and profitability, together with
overall growth prospects, and prevailing and prospective valuation levels. Other
considerations generally include quality and depth of management, government
regulation, and availability and cost of labor and raw materials. Investment
decisions are made without regard to arbitrary criteria as to minimum asset
size, debt-equity ratios or dividend history of portfolio companies.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. The Fund may invest in foreign issuers by purchasing
sponsored or unsponsored securities representing underlying international
securities such as American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), American Depositary
Shares ("ADSs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global Depositary
Receipts ("GDRs"), Global Depositary Certificates ("GDCs"), International
Depositary Receipts ("IDRs"), and Russian Depositary Certificates ("RDCs") or
securities convertible into foreign equity securities. ADRs and ADSs typically
are issued by a United States bank or trust company and evidence ownership of
underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes
referred to as Continental Depositary Receipts ("CDRs"), GDRs, GDCs, IDRs and
RDCs are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although they
also may be issued by United States banks or trust companies, and evidence
ownership of underlying securities issued by either a foreign or a United States
corporation. ADRs, ADSs, CDRs, EDRs, GDRs, GDCs, IDRs, and RDCs are collectively
known as "Depositary Receipts." Depositary Receipts may be available for
investment through "sponsored" or "unsponsored" facilities. A sponsored facility
is established jointly by the issuer of the security underlying the receipt and
a depositary, whereas an unsponsored facility may be established by a depositary
without participation by the issuer of the receipt's underlying security.
Holders of an unsponsored Depositary Receipt generally bear all the costs of the
unsponsored facility. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the
issuer of the deposited security or to pass through to the holders of the
receipts voting rights with respect to the deposited securities.
DEBT SECURITIES. In pursuit of the Fund's objective of long-term growth of
capital, the Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in debt securities.
Capital appreciation in debt securities may arise as a result of favorable
changes in the creditworthiness of issuers, relative interest rate levels, or
relative foreign exchange rates. Any income received from debt securities will
be incidental to the Fund's objective of long-term growth of capital. These debt
obligations consist of U.S. and foreign government securities and corporate debt
securities, including, but not limited to, Samurai and Yankee bonds, Eurobonds
and depositary receipts. The issuers of such debt securities may or may not be
domiciled in emerging countries.
The debt securities in which the Fund may invest may be rated, at the time of
purchase, BB or lower by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("S&P") or Fitch
Investors Service ("Fitch") or Ba or lower by Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
("Moody's"), or, if unrated, are of comparable quality as determined by
the investment adviser. The prices of fixed income securities generally
fluctuate inversely to the direction of interest rates.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in convertible securities rated, at
the time of purchase, BB or lower by S&P or Fitch or Ba or lower by Moody's, or,
if unrated, are of comparable quality as determined by the investment adviser.
Convertible securities are fixed income securities which may be exchanged or
converted into a predetermined number of the issuer's underlying common stock at
the option of the holder during a specified time period. Convertible securities
may take the form of convertible bonds, convertible preferred stock or
debentures, units consisting of "usable" bonds and warrants or a combination of
the features of several of these securities. The investment characteristics of
each convertible security vary widely, which allows convertible securities to be
employed for a variety of different investment strategies. In selecting a
convertible security, the investment adviser evaluates the investment
characteristics of the convertible security as a fixed income investment, and
the investment potential of the underlying security for capital appreciation.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES. Due to restrictions on
direct investment by foreign entities in certain foreign countries, investments
in other investment companies may be the most practical or only manner in which
the Fund can participate in the securities markets of such countries. The Fund
may also invest in other investment companies for the purpose of investing its
short term cash on a temporary basis. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total
assets in the securities of other investment companies. To the extent that the
Fund invests in securities issued by other investment companies, the Fund will
indirectly bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses paid by such
companies, in addition to the fees and expenses payable directly by the Fund.
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in restricted
securities. Restricted securities are any securities in which the Fund may
otherwise invest pursuant to its investment objective and policies but which are
subject to restrictions on resale under federal securities law. Restricted
securities may be issued by new and early stage companies which may include a
high degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial
losses. As a result of the absence of a public trading market for these
securities, they may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although
these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices
realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by the Fund,
or less than what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Further,
companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the
disclosure and other investor protection requirements which might be applicable
if their securities were publicly traded. If such securities are required to be
registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being
resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expense of registration. The Fund
will limit investments in illiquid securities, including certain restricted
securities not determined by the Directors to be liquid, over-the counter
options, swap agreements not determined to be liquid, and repurchase agreements
providing for settlement in more than seven days after notice, to 15% of its net
assets.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may invest in repurchase agreements. Repurchase
agreements are arrangements by which the Fund purchases a security for cash and
obtains a simultaneous commitment from the seller (usually a bank or
broker/dealer) to repurchase the security at an agreed-
upon price and specified future date. The repurchase price reflects an
agreed-upon interest rate for the time period of the agreement. The Fund's risk
is the inability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon price on the delivery
date. However, this risk is tempered by the ability of the Fund to sell the
security in the open market in the case of a default. In such a case, the Fund
may incur costs in disposing of the security which would increase Fund expenses.
The investment adviser will monitor the creditworthiness of the firms with which
the Fund enters into repurchase agreements.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase securities
on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. These transactions are arrangements
in which the Fund purchases securities with payment and delivery scheduled for
different times in the future. The seller's failure to complete these
transactions may cause the Fund to miss a price or yield considered to be
advantageous. Settlement dates may be a month or more after entering into these
transactions, and the market values of the securities purchased may vary from
the purchase prices. Accordingly, the Fund may pay more or less than the market
value of the securities on the settlement date.
The Fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if the investment
adviser deems it appropriate to do so. In addition, the Fund may enter into
transactions to sell its purchase commitments to third parties at current market
values and simultaneously acquire other commitments to purchase similar
securities at later dates. The Fund may realize short-term profits or losses
upon the sale of such commitments.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. In order to generate additional income, the
Fund may lend portfolio securities on a short-term or long-term basis, to
broker/dealers, banks, or other institutional borrowers of securities. The Fund
will only enter into loan arrangements with broker/dealers, banks, or other
institutions which the investment adviser has determined are creditworthy under
guidelines established by the Directors and will receive collateral in the form
of cash or U.S. government securities equal to at least 100% of the value of the
securities loaned at all times.
There is the risk that when lending portfolio securities, the securities may not
be available to the Fund on a timely basis and the Fund may, therefore, lose the
opportunity to sell the securities at a desirable price. In addition, in the
event that a borrower of securities would file for bankruptcy or become
insolvent, disposition of the securities may be delayed pending court action.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS. For temporary defensive purposes, when the investment
adviser determines that market conditions warrant (up to 100% of total assets)
and to maintain liquidity (up to 35% of total assets), the Fund may invest in
U.S. and foreign debt instruments as well as cash or cash equivalents, including
foreign and domestic money market instruments, short-term government and
corporate obligations, and repurchase agreements.
FORWARD COMMITMENTS. Forward commitments are contracts to purchase securities
for a fixed price at a date beyond customary settlement time. The Fund may enter
into these contracts if liquid securities in amounts sufficient to meet the
purchase price are segregated on the Fund's records at the trade date and
maintained until the transaction has been settled. Risk is involved if the value
of the security declines before settlement. Although the Fund enters into
forward commitments with the intention of acquiring the security, it may dispose
of the commitment prior to settlement and realize short-term profit or loss.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. The Fund will enter into foreign currency
transactions to obtain the necessary currencies to settle securities
transactions. Currency transactions may be conducted either on a spot or cash
basis at prevailing rates or through forward foreign currency exchange
contracts.
The Fund may also enter into foreign currency transactions to protect Fund
assets against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates or exchange
control regulations. Such changes could unfavorably affect the value of Fund
assets which are denominated in foreign currencies, such as foreign securities
or funds deposited in foreign banks, as measured in U.S. dollars. Although
foreign currency exchanges may be used by the Fund to protect against a decline
in the value of one or more currencies, such efforts may also limit any
potential gain that might result from a relative increase in the value of such
currencies and might, in certain cases, result in losses to the Fund. Further,
the Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the
relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations.
Cross-hedging transactions by the Fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation
between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions
relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability that
is the subject of the hedge.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS. A forward foreign currency exchange
contract ("forward contract") is an obligation to purchase or sell an amount of
a particular currency at a specific price and on a future date agreed upon by
the parties.
Generally, no commission charges or deposits are involved. At the time the Fund
enters into a forward contract, Fund assets with a value equal to the Fund's
obligation under the forward contract are segregated and are maintained until
the contract has been settled. The Fund will not enter into a forward contract
with a term of more than one year. The Fund will generally enter into a forward
contract to provide the proper currency to settle a securities transaction at
the time the transaction occurs ("trade date"). The period between trade date
and settlement date will vary between 24 hours and 60 days, depending upon local
custom.
The Fund may also protect against the decline of a particular foreign currency
by entering into a forward contract to sell an amount of that currency
approximating the value of all or a portion of the Fund's assets denominated in
that currency ("hedging"). The success of this type of short-term hedging
strategy is highly uncertain due to the difficulties of predicting short-term
currency market movements and of precisely matching forward contract amounts and
the constantly changing value of the securities involved. Although the
investment adviser will consider the likelihood of changes in currency values
when making investment decisions, the investment adviser believes that it is
important to be able to enter into forward contracts when it believes the
interests of the Fund will be served. The Fund will not enter into forward
contracts for hedging purposes in a particular currency in an amount in excess
of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency at the time the
contract was initiated, but as consistent with their other investment policies
and as not otherwise limited in their ability to use this strategy.
OPTIONS. The Fund may deal in options on foreign currencies, securities, and
securities indices, and on futures contracts involving these items, which
options may be listed for trading on an international securities exchange or
traded over-the-counter. The Fund may use options to manage interest rate and
currency risks. The Fund may also write covered call options and secured put
options to generate income or lock in gains. The Fund may write covered call
options and secured put options on up to 25%
of its net assets and may purchase put and call options provided that no more
than 5% of the fair market value of its net assets may be invested in premiums
on such options.
A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and the writer the
obligation to sell, the underlying currency, security or other asset at the
exercise price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the
right to sell, and the writer the obligation to buy, the underlying currency,
security or other asset at the exercise price during the option period. The
writer of a covered call owns assets that are acceptable for escrow, and the
writer of a secured put invests an amount not less than the exercise price in
eligible assets to the extent that it is obligated as a writer. If a call
written by the Fund is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an
increase in the market price of the underlying asset over the exercise price
plus the premium received. In writing puts, there is the risk that the Fund may
be required to take delivery of the underlying asset at a disadvantageous price.
Over-the-counter options ("OTC options") differ from exchange traded options in
several respects. They are transacted directly with dealers and not with a
clearing corporation, and there is a risk of nonperformance by the dealer as a
result of the insolvency of such dealer or otherwise, in which event the Fund
may experience material losses. However, in writing options, the premium is paid
in advance by the dealer. OTC options, which may not be continuously liquid, are
available for a greater variety of assets, and with a wider range of expiration
dates and exercise prices, than are exchange traded options.
It is not certain that a secondary market for positions in options, or futures
contracts (see below), will exist at all times. Although the investment adviser
will consider liquidity before entering into these transactions, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist
for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. The Fund's
ability to establish and close out futures and options positions depends on this
secondary market.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES. The Fund may enter into futures contracts
involving foreign currency, securities, and securities indices, or options
thereon, for bona fide hedging purposes. The Fund may also enter into such
futures contracts or related options for purposes other than bona fide hedging
if the aggregate amount of initial margin deposits exclusive of the margin
needed for foreign currency hedging, on the Fund's futures and related options
positions would not exceed 5% of the net liquidation value of the Fund's assets,
provided further that in the case of an option that is in-the-money at the time
of the purchase, the in-the-money amount may be excluded in calculating the 5%
limitation. In addition, the Fund may not sell futures contracts if the value of
such futures contracts exceeds the total market value of the Fund's portfolio
securities. Futures contracts and options thereon sold by the Fund are generally
subject to segregation and coverage requirements established by either the
Commodities Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") or the Securities and Exchange
Commission ("SEC"), with the result that, if the Fund does not hold the
instrument underlying the futures contract or option, the Fund will be required
to segregate on an ongoing basis with its custodian cash, U.S. government
securities, or other liquid high grade debt obligations in an amount at least
equal to the Fund's obligations with respect to such instruments.
The Fund may enter into securities index futures contracts and purchase and
write put and call options on securities index futures contracts that are traded
on regulated exchanges, including non-U.S. exchanges, to the extent permitted by
the CFTC. Securities index futures contracts are based on indexes that reflect
the market value of securities of the firms included in the indexes. An index
futures contract
is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of
an amount of cash equal to the differences between the value of the index at the
close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index
contract was originally written.
The Fund may enter into securities index futures contracts to sell a securities
index in anticipation of or during a market decline to attempt to offset the
decrease in market value of securities in its portfolio that might otherwise
result. When the Fund is not fully invested and anticipates a significant market
advance, it may enter into futures contracts to purchase the index in order to
gain rapid market exposure that may in part or entirely offset increases in the
cost of securities that it intends to purchase. In many of these transactions,
the Fund will purchase such securities upon termination of the futures position
but, depending on market conditions, a futures position may be terminated
without the corresponding purchases of common stock. The Fund may also invest in
securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser believes such
investment is more efficient, liquid, or cost-effective than investing directly
in the securities underlying the index.
An option on a securities index futures contract gives the purchaser the right,
in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a securities index
futures contract. The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on
securities index futures contracts in order to hedge all or a portion of its
investment and may enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to
written options in order to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee
that such closing transactions can be effected. The Fund may also invest in
options on securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser
believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than
investing directly in the futures contract or in the securities underlying the
index, or when the futures contract or underlying securities are not available
for investment upon favorable terms.
The use of futures and related options involves special consideration and risks,
for example, (1) the ability of the Fund to utilize futures successfully will
depend on the investment adviser's ability to predict pertinent market
movements; (2) there might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation,
between the change in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the
prices of the futures and options thereon relating to the securities purchased
or sold by the Fund. The use of futures and related options may reduce risk of
loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price
movements but they can also reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the
positive effect of favorable price movements in positions. No assurance can be
given that the investment adviser's judgment in this respect will be correct.
It is not certain that a secondary market for positions in futures contracts or
for options will exist at all times. Although the investment adviser will
consider liquidity before entering into these transactions, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist
for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. The Fund's
ability to establish and close out futures and options positions depends on this
secondary market.
New futures contracts, options thereon, and other financial products and risk
management techniques continue to be developed. The Fund may use these
investments and techniques to the extent consistent with its investment
objective and regulatory and federal tax considerations.
SWAP AGREEMENTS. As one way of managing its exposure to different types of
investments, the Fund may enter into interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and
other types of swap agreements such as caps,
collars, and floors. Depending on how they are used, swap agreements may
increase or decrease the overall volatility of the Fund's investments, its share
price and yield.
Swap agreements are sophisticated hedging instruments that typically involve a
small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of risks assumed. As a
result, swaps can be highly volatile and may have a considerable impact on the
Fund's performance. Swap agreements are subject to risks related to the
counterparty's ability to perform, and may decline in value if the
counterparty's creditworthiness deteriorates. The Fund may also suffer losses if
it is unable to terminate outstanding swap agreements to reduce its exposure
through offsetting transactions. When the Fund enters into a swap agreement,
assets of the Fund equal to the value of the swap agreement will be segregated
by the Fund.
RISK CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investing in non-U.S. securities
carries substantial risks in addition to those associated with domestic
investments. In an attempt to reduce some of these risks, the Fund intends to
diversify its investments broadly among foreign countries which may include both
developed and developing countries.
The Fund may take advantage of the unusual opportunities for higher returns
available from investing in developing countries. These investments carry
considerably more volatility and risk because they generally are associated with
less mature economies and less stable political systems.
The economies of foreign countries may differ from the U.S. economy in such
respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency
depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of
payments position. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are
heavily dependent on international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may
continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed
adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures
imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies
also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic
conditions in the countries with which they trade.
Prior governmental approval for foreign investments may be required under
certain circumstances in some countries, and the extent of foreign investment in
certain debt securities and domestic companies may be subject to limitation.
Foreign ownership limitations also may be imposed by the charters of individual
companies to prevent, among other concerns, violation of foreign investment
limitations.
Repatriation of investment income, capital, and the proceeds of sales by foreign
investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some
countries. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to
grant, any required governmental registration or approval for such repatriation.
Any investment subject to such repatriation controls will be considered illiquid
if it appears reasonably likely that this process will take more than seven
days.
With respect to any foreign country, there is the possibility of
nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political changes,
governmental regulation, social instability or diplomatic developments
(including war) which could affect adversely the economies of such countries or
the value of the Fund's investments in those countries. In addition, it may be
difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in a court outside of the United
States.
Brokerage commissions, custodial services, and other costs relating to
investment may be more expensive than in the United States. Foreign markets may
have different clearance and settlement
procedures such as requiring payment for securities before delivery. In certain
markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace
with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such
transactions. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due
to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment
opportunities. Inability to dispose of a portfolio security due to settlement
problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in
value of the portfolio security or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to
sell the security, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.
CURRENCY RISKS. Because the majority of securities purchased by the Fund
are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, changes in
foreign currency exchange rates will affect the Fund's net asset value; the
value of interest earned; gains and losses realized on the sale of
securities; and net investment income and capital gain, if any, to be
distributed to shareholders by the Fund. If the value of a foreign currency
rises against the U.S. dollar, the value of Fund assets denominated in the
currency will increase; correspondingly, if the value of a foreign currency
declines against the U.S. dollar the value of Fund assets denominated in
that currency will decrease. Under the United States Internal Revenue Code,
as amended (the "Code"), the Fund is required to separately account for the
foreign currency component of gains or losses, which will usually be viewed
under the Code as items of ordinary and distributable income or loss, thus
affecting the Fund's distributable income. (See "Federal Income Tax").
The exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies are a
function of such factors as supply and demand in the currency exchange
markets, international balances of payments, governmental intervention,
speculation and other economic and political conditions. Although the Fund
values its assets daily in U.S. dollars, the Fund will not convert its
holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars daily. When the Fund
converts its holdings to another currency, it may incur conversion costs.
Foreign exchange dealers may realize a profit on the difference between the
price at which they buy and sell currencies.
FOREIGN COMPANIES. Other differences between investing in foreign and U.S.
companies include:
- less publicly available information about foreign issuers;
- credit risks associated with certain foreign governments;
- the lack of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting
standards and practices or regulatory requirements comparable to those
applicable to U.S. companies;
- less readily available market quotations on foreign issues;
- differences in government regulation and supervision of foreign stock
exchanges, brokers, listed companies, and banks;
- differences in legal systems which may affect the ability to enforce
contractual obligations or obtain court judgments;
- the limited size of many foreign securities markets and limited
trading volume in issuers compared to the volume of trading in U.S.
securities could cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from
factors that affect the quality of securities;
- the likelihood that securities of foreign issuers may be less liquid
or more volatile;
- foreign brokerage commissions may be higher;
- unreliable mail service between countries;
- political or financial changes which adversely affect investments in
some countries;
- increased risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or
loss of certificates for portfolio securities;
- certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery;
- religious and ethnic instability; and
- certain national policies which may restrict the Fund's investment
opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or
industries deemed sensitive to national interests.
U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICIES. In the past, U.S. government policies have
discouraged or restricted certain investments abroad by investors such as
the Fund. Investors are advised that when such policies are instituted, the
Fund will abide by them.
RISK CONSIDERATIONS OF EUROPEAN COMPANIES. Greater Europe includes both the
industrialized nations of Western Europe and the less wealthy or developed
countries in Southern and Eastern Europe. Within this diverse area, the Fund
seeks to benefit from accelerating economic growth transformation and
deregulation taking hold. These developments involve, among other things,
increased privatizations and corporate restructurings, the reopening of equity
markets and economies in Eastern Europe, further broadening of the European
Community, and the implementation of economic policies to promote
non-inflationary growth. The Fund invests in companies it believes are well
placed to benefit from these and other structural and cyclical changes now
underway in this region of the world. The Fund will invest, under normal market
conditions, at least 65% of its assets in the equity securities of European
companies.
The securities markets of many European countries are relatively small, with the
majority of market capitalization and trading volume concentrated in a limited
number of companies representing a small number of industries. Consequently, the
Fund's investment portfolio may experience greater price volatility and
significantly lower liquidity than a portfolio invested in equity securities of
U.S. companies. These markets may be subject to greater influence by adverse
events generally affecting the market, and by large investors trading
significant blocks of securities, than is usual in the U.S. Securities
settlements may in some instances be subject to delays and related
administrative uncertainties.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO INVESTING IN HIGH YIELD SECURITIES. The debt securities
in which the Fund invests are usually not in the three highest rating categories
of a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (AAA, AA, or A for
S&P or Fitch and Aaa, Aa, or A for Moody's), but are in the lower rating
categories or are unrated, but are of comparable quality and have speculative
characteristics or are speculative. Lower-rated bonds or unrated bonds are
commonly referred to as "junk bonds." There is no minimal acceptable rating for
a security to be purchased or held in the Fund's portfolio, and the Fund may,
from time to time, purchase or hold debt securities rated in the lowest rating
category. A description of the rating categories is contained in the Appendix to
the Statement of Additional Information.
Debt obligations that are not determined to be investment grade are high-yield,
high-risk bonds, typically subject to greater market fluctuations and greater
risk of loss of income and principal due to
an issuer's default. To a greater extent than investment grade bonds,
lower-rated bonds tend to reflect short-term corporate, economic, and market
developments, as well as investor perceptions of the issuer's credit quality. In
addition, lower-rated bonds may be more difficult to dispose of or to value than
higher-rated, lower-yielding bonds.
The Fund's investment adviser attempts to reduce the risks described above
through diversification of the portfolio and by credit analysis of each issuer
as well as by monitoring broad economic trends and corporate and legislative
developments.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The Fund will not:
- borrow money directly or through reverse repurchase agreements
(arrangements in which the Fund sells a portfolio instrument for a
percentage of its cash value with an agreement to buy it back on a set
date) or pledge securities except, under certain circumstances, the Fund
may borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets and pledge
its assets to secure such borrowings; or
- with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of the value
of its total assets in securities of any one issuer (other than cash,
cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government and
its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities) or acquire more than 10% of the
outstanding voting securities of any one issuer.
The above investment limitations cannot be changed without shareholder approval.
NET ASSET VALUE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund's net asset value per Share fluctuates. The net asset value for Shares
is determined by adding the interest of Class A Shares in the market value of
all securities and other assets of the Fund, subtracting the interest of Class A
Shares in the liabilities of the Fund and those attributable to Class A Shares,
and dividing the remainder by the total number of Class A Shares outstanding.
The net asset value for Class A Shares may differ from that of Class B Shares
and Class C Shares due to the variance in daily net income realized by each
class. Such variance will reflect only accrued net income to which the
shareholders of a particular class are entitled.
The net asset value is determined as of the close of trading (normally 4:00
p.m., Eastern time) on the New York Stock Exchange, Monday through Friday,
except on: (i) days on which there are not sufficient changes in the value of
the Fund's portfolio securities that its net asset value might be materially
affected; (ii) days during which no Shares are tendered for redemption and no
orders to purchase Shares are received; or (iii) the following holidays: New
Year's Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor
Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares of the Fund are sold on days on which the New York Stock Exchange is
open. Shares of the Fund may be purchased as described below, either through a
financial institution (such as a bank or broker/dealer which has a sales
agreement with the distributor) or by wire or by check directly to the Fund,
with a minimum initial investment of $500. Additional investments can be made
for as little as $100. The minimum initial and subsequent investment for
retirement plans is only $50. (Financial institutions may impose different
minimum investment requirements on their customers.)
In connection with any sale, Federated Securities Corp. may from time to time
offer certain items of nominal value to any shareholder or investor. The Fund
reserves the right to reject any purchase request. An account must be
established at a financial institution or by completing, signing, and returning
the new account form available from the Fund before Shares can be purchased.
WHAT SHARES COST
Shares are sold at their net asset value next determined after an order is
received, plus a sales load as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SALES LOAD AS DEALER
SALES LOAD AS A PERCENTAGE CONCESSION
A PERCENTAGE OF NET AS A PERCENTAGE
OF OFFERING AMOUNT OF PUBLIC
AMOUNT OF TRANSACTION PRICE INVESTED OFFERING PRICE
- ------------------------------------------ ------------- ------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Less than $50,000......................... 5.50% 5.82% 5.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000............ 4.50% 4.71% 4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000........... 3.75% 3.90% 3.25%
$250,000 but less than $500,000........... 2.50% 2.56% 2.25%
$500,000 but less than $1 million......... 2.00% 2.04% 1.80%
$1 million or greater..................... 0.00% 0.00% 0.25%*
</TABLE>
* See sub-section entitled "Dealer Concession."
No sales load is imposed for Shares purchased through bank trust departments,
investment advisers registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as
amended, or retirement plans where the third party administrator has entered
into certain arrangements with Federated Securities Corp. or its affiliates, or
to shareholders designated as Liberty Life Members. However, investors who
purchase Shares through a trust department, investment adviser, or retirement
plan may be charged an additional service fee by the institution. Additionally,
no sales load is imposed for Shares purchased through "wrap accounts" or similar
programs, under which clients pay a fee or fees for services.
DEALER CONCESSION. For sales of Shares, a dealer will normally receive up to 90%
of the applicable sales load. Any portion of the sales load which is not paid to
a dealer will be retained by the distributor. However, the distributor may offer
to pay dealers up to 100% of the sales load retained by it. Such payments may
take the form of cash or promotional incentives, such as reimbursement of
certain expenses of qualified employees and their spouses to attend
informational meetings about the Fund or other special events at
recreational-type facilities, or items of material value. In some instances,
these incentives will be made available only to dealers whose employees have
sold or may sell a significant
amount of Shares. On purchases of $1 million or more, the investor pays no sales
load; however, the distributor will make twelve monthly payments to the dealer
totaling 0.25% of the public offering price over the first year following the
purchase. Such payments are based on the original purchase price of Shares
outstanding at each month end.
The sales load for Shares sold other than through registered broker/dealers will
be retained by Federated Securities Corp. Federated Securities Corp. may pay
fees to banks out of the sales load in exchange for sales and/or administrative
services performed on behalf of the bank's customers in connection with the
initiation of customer accounts and purchases of Shares.
REDUCING OR ELIMINATING THE SALES LOAD. The sales load can be reduced or
eliminated on the purchase of Shares through:
- quantity discounts and accumulated purchases;
- concurrent purchases;
- signing a 13-month letter of intent;
- using the reinvestment privilege; or
- purchases with proceeds from redemptions of unaffiliated investment
company shares.
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AND ACCUMULATED PURCHASES. As shown in the table above,
larger purchases reduce the sales load paid. The Fund will combine purchases of
Shares made on the same day by the investor, the investor's spouse, and the
investor's children under age 21 when it calculates the sales load. In addition,
the sales load, if applicable, is reduced for purchases made at one time by a
trustee or fiduciary for a single trust estate or a single fiduciary account.
If an additional purchase of Shares is made, the Fund will consider the previous
purchases still invested in the Fund. For example, if a shareholder already owns
Shares having a current value at the public offering price of $30,000 and he
purchases $20,000 more at the current public offering price, the sales load on
the additional purchase according to the schedule now in effect would be 4.50%,
not 5.50%.
To receive the sales load reduction, Federated Securities Corp. must be notified
by the shareholder in writing or by his financial institution at the time the
purchase is made that Shares are already owned or that purchases are being
combined. The Fund will reduce the sales load after it confirms the purchases.
CONCURRENT PURCHASES. For purposes of qualifying for a sales load reduction, a
shareholder has the privilege of combining concurrent purchases of two or more
funds in the Federated Funds, the purchase price of which includes a sales load.
For example, if a shareholder concurrently invested $30,000 in one of the other
funds in the Federated Funds with a sales load, and $20,000 in this Fund, the
sales load would be reduced.
To receive this sales load reduction, Federated Securities Corp. must be
notified by the shareholder in writing or by his financial institution at the
time the concurrent purchases are made. The Fund will reduce the sales load
after it confirms the purchases.
LETTER OF INTENT. If a shareholder intends to purchase at least $50,000 of
shares of the funds in the Federated Funds (excluding money market funds) over
the next 13 months, the sales load may be reduced by signing a letter of intent
to that effect. This letter of intent includes a provision for a sales load
adjustment depending on the amount actually purchased within the 13-month period
and a
provision for the custodian to hold up to 5.50% of the total amount intended to
be purchased in escrow (in Shares) until such purchase is completed.
The Shares held in escrow in the shareholder's account will be released upon
fulfillment of the letter of intent or the end of the 13-month period, whichever
comes first. If the amount specified in the letter of intent is not purchased,
an appropriate number of escrowed Shares may be redeemed in order to realize the
difference in the sales load.
While this letter of intent will not obligate the shareholder to purchase
Shares, each purchase during the period will be at the sales load applicable to
the total amount intended to be purchased. At the time a letter of intent is
established, current balances in accounts in any Shares of any fund in the
Federated Funds, excluding money market accounts, will be aggregated to provide
a purchase credit towards fulfillment of the letter of intent. Prior trade
prices will not be adjusted.
REINVESTMENT PRIVILEGE. If Shares in the Fund have been redeemed, the
shareholder has the privilege, within 120 days, to reinvest the redemption
proceeds at the next-determined net asset value without any sales load.
Federated Securities Corp. must be notified by the shareholder in writing or by
his financial institution of the reinvestment in order to eliminate a sales
load. If the shareholder redeems his Shares in the Fund, there may be tax
consequences.
PURCHASES WITH PROCEEDS FROM REDEMPTIONS OF UNAFFILIATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
Investors may purchase Shares at net asset value, without a sales load, with the
proceeds from the redemption of shares of an unaffiliated investment company
that were purchased or sold with a sales load or commission and were not
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. The purchase must be made within 60
days of the redemption, and Federated Securities Corp. must be notified by the
investor in writing, or by his financial institution, at the time the purchase
is made. From time to time, the Fund may offer dealers a payment of .50 of 1.00%
for Shares purchased under this program. If Shares are purchased in this manner,
Fund purchases will be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge for one
year from the date of purchase. Shareholders will be notified prior to the
implementation of any special offering as described above.
PURCHASING SHARES THROUGH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. An investor may call his
financial institution (such as a bank or an investment dealer) to place an order
to purchase Shares. Orders placed through a financial institution are considered
received when the Fund is notified of the purchase order or when payment is
converted into federal funds. Purchase orders through a registered broker/dealer
must be received by the broker before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) and must be
transmitted by the broker to the Fund before 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in order
for Shares to be purchased at that day's price. Purchase orders through other
financial institutions must be received by the financial institution and
transmitted to the Fund before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in order for Shares to
be purchased at that day's price. It is the financial institution's
responsibility to transmit orders promptly. Financial institutions may charge
additional fees for their services.
PURCHASING SHARES BY WIRE. Once an account has been established, Shares may be
purchased by wire by calling the Fund. All information needed will be taken over
the telephone, and the order is considered received immediately. Payment for
purchases which are subject to a sales load must be received within three
business days following the order. Payment for purchases on which no sales load
is imposed must be received before 3:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the next business
day following the
order. Federal funds should be wired as follows: State Street Bank and Trust
Company, Boston, Massachusetts; Attn: EDGEWIRE; For Credit to: (Fund Name) (Fund
Class); (Fund Number); Account Number; Trade Date and Order Number; Group Number
or Dealer Number; Nominee or Institution Name; and ABA Number 011000028. Shares
cannot be purchased by wire on holidays when wire transfers are restricted.
Questions on wire purchases should be directed to your shareholder services
representative at the telephone number listed on your account statement.
PURCHASING SHARES BY CHECK. Once an account has been established, Shares may be
purchased by sending a check made payable to the name of the Fund (designate
class of Shares and account number) to: Federated Services Company, P.O. Box
8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600. Orders by mail are considered received
when payment by check is converted into federal funds (normally the business day
after the check is received).
SPECIAL PURCHASE FEATURES
SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM. Once a Fund account has been opened, shareholders
may add to their investment on a regular basis in a minimum amount of $100.
Under this program, funds may be automatically withdrawn periodically from the
shareholder's checking account at an Automated Clearing House ("ACH") member and
invested in the Fund at the net asset value next determined after an order is
received by the Fund, plus the sales load, if applicable. Shareholders should
contact their financial institution or the Fund to participate in this program.
RETIREMENT PLANS. Fund Shares can be purchased as an investment for retirement
plans or IRA accounts. For further details, contact the Fund and consult a tax
adviser.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class A shareholders may exchange all or some of their Shares for Class A Shares
of other Federated Funds at net asset value. Neither the Fund nor any of the
Federated Funds imposes any additional fees on exchanges. Shareholders in
certain other Federated Funds may exchange their shares in the Federated Funds
for Class A Shares.
The Fund has exchange privileges with the following Federated Funds: American
Leaders Fund, Inc.; Capital Growth Fund (Class A Shares and Class C Shares
only); Federated Asia Pacific Growth Fund; Federated Emerging Markets Fund;
Federated Growth Strategies Fund; Federated International Equity Fund; Federated
International Income Fund; Federated International Small Company Fund; Federated
Latin American Growth Fund; Federated Small Cap Strategies Fund; Fund for U.S.
Government Securities, Inc.; Liberty Equity Income Fund, Inc.; Liberty High
Income Bond Fund, Inc.; Liberty Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.; Liberty U.S.
Government Money Market Trust; Liberty Utility Fund, Inc.; Limited Term Fund;
Limited Term Municipal Fund; Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust; Pennsylvania
Municipal Income Fund; Strategic Income Fund; Tax-Free Instruments Trust; and
World Utility Fund.
Prospectuses for these funds are available by writing to Federated Securities
Corp.
Shareholders of Class A Shares who have been designated as Liberty Life Members
are exempt from sales charges on future purchases in and exchanges between the
Class A Shares of any funds in the Federated Funds, as long as they maintain a
$500 balance in one of the Federated Funds.
REQUIREMENTS FOR EXCHANGE. Shareholders using this privilege must exchange
Shares having a net asset value equal to the minimum investment requirements of
the fund into which the exchange is being made. Before the exchange, the
shareholder must receive a prospectus of the fund for which the exchange is
being made.
This privilege is available to shareholders resident in any state in which the
shares being acquired may be sold. Upon receipt of proper instructions and
required supporting documents, Shares submitted for exchange are redeemed and
proceeds invested in the same class of shares of the other fund. The exchange
privilege may be modified or terminated at any time. Shareholders will be
notified of the modification or termination of the exchange privilege.
TAX CONSEQUENCES. An exercise of the exchange privilege is treated as a sale for
federal income tax purposes. Depending upon the circumstances, a capital gain or
loss may be realized.
MAKING AN EXCHANGE. Instructions for exchanges for the Federated Funds may be
given in writing or by telephone. Written instructions may require a signature
guarantee. Shareholders of the Fund may have difficulty in making exchanges by
telephone through brokers and other financial institutions during times of
drastic economic or market changes. If a shareholder cannot contact his broker
or financial institution by telephone, it is recommended that an exchange
request be made in writing and sent by overnight mail to Federated Services
Company, 500 Victory Road -- 2nd Floor, North Quincy, Massachusetts 02171.
TELEPHONE INSTRUCTIONS. Telephone instructions made by the investor may be
carried out only if a telephone authorization form completed by the investor is
on file with the Fund. If the instructions are given by a broker, a telephone
authorization form completed by the broker must be on file with the Fund. If
reasonable procedures are not followed by the Fund, it may be liable for losses
due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Shares may be
exchanged between two funds by telephone only if the two funds have identical
shareholder registrations.
Any Shares held in certificate form cannot be exchanged by telephone but must be
forwarded to Federated Services Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts
02266-8600 and deposited to the shareholder's account before being exchanged.
Telephone exchange instructions are recorded and will be binding upon the
shareholder. Such instructions will be processed as of 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time)
and must be received by the Fund before that time for Shares to be exchanged the
same day. Shareholders exchanging into a fund will begin receiving dividends the
following business day. This privilege may be modified or terminated at any
time.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares are redeemed at their net asset value, less any applicable contingent
deferred sales charge, next determined after the Fund receives the redemption
request. Redemptions will be made on days on
which the Fund computes its net asset value. Redemption requests must be
received in proper form and can be made as described below.
REDEEMING SHARES THROUGH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. Shares of the Fund may be
redeemed by calling your financial institution to request the redemption. Shares
will be redeemed at the net asset value, less any applicable contingent deferred
sales charge next determined after the Fund receives the redemption request from
the financial institution. Redemption requests through a registered
broker/dealer must be received by the broker before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) and
must be transmitted by the broker to the Fund before 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in
order for Shares to be redeemed at that day's net asset value. Redemption
requests through other financial institutions (such as banks) must be received
by the financial institution and transmitted to the Fund before 4:00 p.m.
(Eastern time) in order for Shares to be redeemed at that day's net asset value.
The financial institution is responsible for promptly submitting redemption
requests and providing proper written redemption instructions. Customary fees
and commissions may be charged by the financial institution for this service.
REDEEMING SHARES BY TELEPHONE. Shares may be redeemed in any amount by calling
the Fund provided the Fund has a properly completed authorization form. These
forms can be obtained from Federated Securities Corp. Proceeds will be mailed in
the form of a check, to the shareholder's address of record or by wire transfer
to the shareholder's account at a domestic commercial bank that is a member of
the Federal Reserve System. Proceeds from redemption requests received on
holidays when wire transfers are restricted will be wired the following business
day. Questions about telephone redemptions on days where wire transfers are
restricted should be directed to your shareholder services representative at the
telephone number listed on your account statement. The minimum amount for a wire
transfer is $1,000. Proceeds from redeemed Shares purchased by check or through
ACH will not be wired until that method of payment has cleared.
Telephone instructions will be recorded. If reasonable procedures are not
followed by the Fund, it may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or
fraudulent telephone instructions. In the event of drastic economic or market
changes, a shareholder may experience difficulty in redeeming by telephone. If
this occurs, "Redeeming Shares By Mail" should be considered. If at any time the
Fund shall determine it necessary to terminate or modify the telephone
redemption privilege, shareholders would be promptly notified.
REDEEMING SHARES BY MAIL. Shares may be redeemed in any amount by mailing a
written request to: Federated Services Company, Fund Name, Fund Class, P.O. Box
8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600.
The written request should state: Fund Name and the Class designation; the
account name as registered with the Fund; the account number; and the number of
Shares to be redeemed or the dollar amount requested. All owners of the account
must sign the request exactly as the Shares are registered. It is recommended
that any share certificates be sent by insured mail with the written request.
Shareholders requesting a redemption of any amount to be sent to an address
other than that on record with the Fund, or a redemption payable other than to
the shareholder of record must have their signatures guaranteed by a bank which
is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a trust company, a
member firm of a domestic stock exchange, or any other "eligible guarantor
institution," as defined by the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
The Fund does not accept signatures guaranteed by a notary public.
The Fund and its transfer agent have adopted standards for accepting signature
guarantees from the above institutions. The Fund may elect in the future to
limit eligible signature guarantors to institutions that are members of a
signature guarantee program. The Fund and its transfer agent reserve the right
to amend these standards at any time without notice.
Normally, a check for the proceeds is mailed within one business day, but in no
event more than seven days, after receipt of a proper written redemption
request.
SPECIAL REDEMPTION FEATURES
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PROGRAM. Shareholders who desire to receive payments of a
predetermined amount not less than $100 may take advantage of the Systematic
Withdrawal Program. Under this program, Shares are redeemed to provide for
periodic withdrawal payments in an amount directed by the shareholder.
Depending upon the amount of the withdrawal payments, the amount of dividends
paid and capital gains distributions with respect to Shares, and the fluctuation
of the net asset value of Shares redeemed under this program, redemptions may
reduce, and eventually deplete, the shareholder's investment in the Fund. For
this reason, payments under this program should not be considered as yield or
income on the shareholder's investment in the Fund. To be eligible to
participate in this program, a shareholder must have an account value of at
least $10,000. A shareholder may apply for participation in this program through
his financial institution. Due to the fact that Shares are sold with a sales
load, it is not advisable for shareholders to continue to purchase Shares while
participating in this program.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
Class A Shares purchased under a periodic special offering with the proceeds of
a redemption of shares of an unaffiliated investment company purchased or
redeemed with a sales load and not distributed by Federated Securities Corp. may
be charged a contingent deferred sales charge of .50 of 1.00% for redemptions
made within one full year of purchase. Any applicable contingent deferred sales
charge will be imposed on the lesser of the net asset value of the redeemed
Shares at the time of purchase or the net asset value of the redeemed Shares at
the time of redemption.
The contingent deferred sales charge will be deducted from the redemption
proceeds otherwise payable to the shareholder and will be retained by the
distributor. The contingent deferred sales charge will not be imposed with
respect to: (1) Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends or
distributions of long-term capital gains; and (2) Shares held for more than one
full year from the date of purchase. Redemptions will be processed in a manner
intended to maximize the amount of redemption which will not be subject to a
contingent deferred sales charge. In computing the amount of the applicable
contingent deferred sales charge, redemptions are deemed to have occurred in the
following order: (1) Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and
long-term capital gains; (2) Shares held for more than one full year from the
date of purchase; (3) Shares held for less than one full year from the date of
purchase on a first-in, first-out basis. A contingent deferred sales charge is
not assessed in connection with an exchange of Fund Shares for shares of other
funds in the Federated Funds in the same class (see "Exchange Privilege"). Any
contingent deferred sales charge imposed at the time the
exchanged-for Shares are redeemed is calculated as if the shareholder had held
the shares from the date on which he became a shareholder of the exchanged-from
Shares. Moreover, the contingent deferred sales charge will be eliminated with
respect to certain redemptions (see "Elimination of Contingent Deferred Sales
Charge").
ELIMINATION OF CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
The contingent deferred sales charge will be eliminated with respect to the
following redemptions: (1) redemptions following the death or disability, as
defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, of
a shareholder; (2) redemptions representing minimum required distributions from
an Individual Retirement Account or other retirement plan to a shareholder who
has attained the age of 70 1/2; and (3) involuntary redemptions by the Fund of
Shares in shareholder accounts that do not comply with the minimum balance
requirements. No contingent deferred sales charge will be imposed on redemptions
of Shares held by Directors, employees and sales representatives of the Fund,
the distributor, or affiliates of the Fund or distributor; employees of any
financial institution that sells Shares of the Fund pursuant to a sales
agreement with the distributor; and spouses and children under the age of 21 of
the aforementioned persons. Finally, no contingent deferred sales charge will be
imposed on the redemption of Shares originally purchased through a bank trust
department, an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act
of 1940, as amended, or retirement plans where the third party administrator has
entered into certain arrangements with Federated Securities Corp. or its
affiliates, or any other financial institution, to the extent that no payments
were advanced for purchases made through such entities. The Directors reserve
the right to discontinue elimination of the contingent deferred sales charge.
Shareholders will be notified of such elimination. Any Shares purchased prior to
the termination of such waiver would have the contingent deferred sales charge
eliminated as provided in the Fund's prospectus at the time of the purchase of
the Shares. If a shareholder making a redemption qualifies for an elimination of
the contingent deferred sales charge, the shareholder must notify Federated
Securities Corp. or the transfer agent in writing that he is entitled to such
elimination.
ACCOUNT AND SHARE INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CERTIFICATES AND CONFIRMATIONS. As transfer agent for the Fund, Federated
Services Company maintains a Share account for each shareholder. Share
certificates are not issued unless requested in writing to Federated Services
Company.
Detailed confirmations of each purchase and redemption are sent to each
shareholder. Monthly confirmations are sent to report dividends paid during that
month.
DIVIDENDS. Dividends are declared and paid annually to all shareholders invested
in the Fund on the record date. Dividends and distributions are automatically
reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund on payment dates at the ex-dividend
date net asset value without a sales load, unless shareholders request cash
payments on the new account form or by contacting the transfer agent. All
shareholders on the record date are entitled to the dividend. If Shares are
redeemed or exchanged prior to the record date or purchased after the record
date, those Shares are not entitled to that year's dividend.
CAPITAL GAINS. Net long-term capital gains realized by the Fund, if any, will be
distributed at least once every twelve months.
ACCOUNTS WITH LOW BALANCES. Due to the high cost of maintaining accounts with
low balances, the Fund may redeem Shares in any account, except retirement
plans, and pay the proceeds to the shareholder if the account balance falls
below the required minimum value of $500. This requirement does not apply,
however, if the balance falls below the required minimum value because of
changes in the net asset value of Shares. Before Shares are redeemed to close an
account, the shareholder is notified in writing and allowed 30 days to purchase
additional Shares to meet the minimum requirement.
CORPORATION INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MANAGEMENT OF THE CORPORATION
BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The Corporation is managed by a Board of Directors. The
Directors are responsible for managing the Corporation's business affairs and
for exercising all the Corporation's powers except those reserved for the
shareholders. An Executive Committee of the Board of Directors handles the
Board's responsibilities between meetings of the Board.
INVESTMENT ADVISER. Investment decisions for the Fund are made by the Fund's
investment adviser, Federated Global Research Corp. (the "Adviser"), subject to
direction by the Directors. The Adviser continually conducts investment research
and supervision for the Fund and is responsible for the purchase or sale of
portfolio instruments, for which it receives an annual fee from the Fund. The
Adviser's address is 175 Water Street, New York, New York 10038-4965.
ADVISORY FEES. The Adviser receives an annual investment advisory fee equal to
1.00% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The fee paid by the Fund, while
higher than the advisory fee paid by other mutual funds in general, is
comparable to fees paid by other mutual funds with similar objectives and
policies. Under the investment advisory contract, which provides for the
voluntary waiver of the advisory fee by the Adviser, the Adviser may voluntarily
waive some or all of its fee. This does not include reimbursement to the Fund of
any expenses incurred by shareholders who use the transfer agent's subaccounting
facilities. The Adviser can terminate this voluntary waiver at any time in its
sole discretion. The Adviser has also undertaken to reimburse the Fund for
operating expenses in excess of limitations established by certain states.
ADVISER'S BACKGROUND. Federated Global Research Corp., incorporated in Delaware
on May 12, 1995, is a registered investment adviser under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It is a subsidiary of Federated Investors. All
of the Class A (voting) shares of Federated Investors are owned by a trust, the
Trustees of which are John F. Donahue, Chairman and Trustee of Federated
Investors, Mr. Donahue's wife, and Mr. Donahue's son, J. Christopher Donahue,
who is President and Trustee of Federated Investors.
Federated Global Research Corp. and other subsidiaries of Federated Investors
serve as investment advisers to a number of investment companies and private
accounts. Certain other subsidiaries also provide administrative services to a
number of investment companies. With over $72 billion invested
across more than 260 funds under management and/or administration by its
subsidiaries, as of December 31, 1994, Federated Investors is one of the largest
mutual fund investment managers in the United States. With more than 1,750
employees, Federated continues to be led by the management who founded the
company in 1955. Federated funds are presently at work in and through 4,000
financial institutions nationwide. More than 100,000 investment professionals
have selected Federated funds for their clients.
Henry A. Frantzen has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Mr.
Frantzen joined Federated Investors in 1995 as an Executive Vice President of
the Fund's investment adviser. Mr. Frantzen served as Chief Investment Officer
of international equities at Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. from 1992 to 1995. He
was the Executive Vice President and Director of Equities at Oppenheimer
Management Corporation from 1989 to 1991. Mr. Frantzen received his B.S. in
finance and marketing from the University of North Dakota.
Drew J. Collins has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Mr.
Collins joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Senior Vice President of the
Fund's investment adviser. Mr. Collins served as Vice President/Portfolio
Manager of international equity portfolios at Arnold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc.
from 1994 to 1995. He served as an Assistant Vice President/Portfolio Manager
for international equities at the College Retirement Equities Fund from 1986 to
1994. Mr. Collins is a Chartered Financial Analyst and received his M.B.A. in
finance from the University of Pennsylvania.
Frank Semack has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Mr.
Semack joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Vice President of the Fund's
investment adviser. Mr. Semack served as an Investment Analyst at Omega
Advisers, Inc. from 1993 to 1994. He served as an Associate Director/Portfolio
Manager of Wardley Investment Services, Ltd. from 1987 to 1993. Mr. Semack
received his M.Sc. in economics from the London School of Economics.
Both the Corporation and the Adviser have adopted strict codes of ethics
governing the conduct of all employees who manage the Fund and its portfolio
securities. These codes recognize that such persons owe a fiduciary duty to the
Fund's shareholders and must place the interests of shareholders ahead of the
employees' own interest. Among other things, the codes: require preclearance and
periodic reporting of personal securities transactions; prohibit personal
transactions in securities being purchased or sold, or being considered for
purchase or sale, by the Fund; prohibit purchasing securities in initial public
offerings; and prohibit taking profits on securities held for less than sixty
days. Violations of the codes are subject to review by the Board of Directors,
and could result in severe penalties.
DISTRIBUTION OF CLASS A SHARES
Federated Securities Corp. is the principal distributor for Shares of the Fund.
Federated Securities Corp. is located at Federated Investors Tower, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15222-3779. It is a Pennsylvania corporation organized on November
14, 1969, and is the principal distributor for a number of investment companies.
Federated Securities Corp. is a subsidiary of Federated Investors.
State securities laws may require certain financial institutions such as
depository institutions to register as dealers.
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES. Under a distribution plan adopted in
accordance with Investment Company Act Rule 12b-1 (the "Distribution Plan"), the
distributor may be paid a fee
in an amount computed at an annual rate of up to .25 of l% of the average daily
net assets of Shares to finance any activity which is principally intended to
result in the sale of Shares subject to the Distribution Plan. The Fund does not
currently make payments to the distributor or charge a fee under the
Distribution Plan for Shares, and shareholders will be notified if the Fund
intends to charge a fee under the Distribution Plan. For Shares, the distributor
may select financial institutions such as banks, fiduciaries, custodians for
public funds, investment advisers, and broker/dealers to provide sales services
or distribution-related support services as agents for their clients or
customers.
The Distribution Plan is a compensation type plan. As such, the Fund makes no
payments to the distributor except as described above. Therefore, the Fund does
not pay for unreimbursed expenses of the distributor, including amounts expended
by the distributor in excess of amounts received by it from the Fund, interest,
carrying or other financing charges in connection with excess amounts expended,
or the distributor's overhead expenses. However, the distributor may be able to
recover such amounts or may earn a profit from future payments made by Shares
under the Plan.
In addition, the Fund has entered into a Shareholder Services Agreement with
Federated Shareholder Services, a subsidiary of Federated Investors, under which
the Fund may make payments up to 0.25 of 1% of the average daily net asset value
of Shares to obtain certain personal services for shareholders and for the
maintenance of shareholder accounts ("Shareholder Services"). Under the
Shareholder Services Agreement, Federated Shareholder Services will either
perform Shareholder Services directly or will select financial institutions to
perform Shareholder Services. Financial institutions will receive fees based
upon Shares owned by their clients or customers. The schedules of such fees and
the basis upon which such fees will be paid will be determined from time to time
by the Fund and Federated Shareholder Services.
In addition to payments made pursuant to the Distribution Plan and Shareholder
Services Agreement, Federated Securities Corp. and Federated Shareholder
Services, from their own assets, may pay financial institutions supplemental
fees for the performance of sales services, distribution-related support
services, or shareholder services.
OTHER PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Federated Securities Corp. will pay
financial institutions, at the time of purchase, an amount equal to .50 of 1% of
the net asset value of Shares purchased by their clients or customers under
certain qualified retirement plans as approved by Federated Securities Corp.
(Such payments are subject to a reclaim from the financial institution should
the assets leave the program within 12 months after purchase.)
Furthermore, the distributor may offer to pay a fee from its own assets to
financial institutions as financial assistance for providing substantial
marketing and sales support. The support may include sponsoring sales,
educational and training seminars for their employees, providing sales
literature, and engineering computer software programs that emphasize the
attributes of the Fund. Such assistance will be predicated upon the amount of
Shares the financial institution sells or may sell, and/or upon the type and
nature of sales or marketing support furnished by the financial institution. Any
payments made by the distributor may be reimbursed by the Fund's Adviser or its
affiliates.
ADMINISTRATION OF THE FUND
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES. Federated Administrative Services, a subsidiary of
Federated Investors, provides administrative personnel and services (including
certain legal and financial reporting services) necessary to operate the Fund.
Federated Administrative Services provides these at an annual rate which relates
to the average aggregate daily net assets of all Federated Funds as specified
below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MAXIMUM AVERAGE AGGREGATE DAILY NET
ADMINISTRATIVE FEE ASSETS OF THE FEDERATED FUNDS
- ------------------- ------------------------------------
<S> <C>
.15 of 1% on the first $250 million
.125 of 1% on the next $250 million
.10 of 1% on the next $250 million
.075 of 1% on assets in excess of $750 million
</TABLE>
The administrative fee received during any fiscal year shall be at least
$125,000 per portfolio and $30,000 per each additional class of shares.
Federated Administrative Services may choose voluntarily to waive a portion of
its fee.
EXPENSES OF THE FUND AND CLASS A SHARES
Holders of Shares pay their allocable portion of Corporation and portfolio
expenses.
The Corporation expenses for which holders of Class A Shares pay their allocable
portion include, but are not limited to: the cost of organizing the Corporation
and continuing its existence; registering the Corporation with federal and state
securities authorities; Directors' fees; auditors' fees; the cost of meetings of
Directors; legal fees of the Corporation; association membership dues; and such
non-recurring and extraordinary items as may arise from time to time.
The portfolio expenses for which holders of Class A Shares pay their allocable
portion include, but are not limited to: registering the portfolio and Class A
Shares of the portfolio; investment advisory services; taxes and commissions;
custodian fees; insurance premiums; auditors' fees; and such non-recurring and
extraordinary items as may arise from time to time.
At present, the only expenses which are allocated specifically to Class A Shares
as a class are expenses under the Corporation's Distribution Plan and fees for
Shareholder Services. However, the Directors reserve the right to allocate
certain other expenses to holders of Class A Shares as they deem appropriate
("Class Expenses"). In any case, Class Expenses would be limited to:
distribution fees; transfer agent fees as identified by the transfer agent as
attributable to holders of Class A Shares; printing and postage expenses related
to preparing and distributing materials such as shareholder reports,
prospectuses and proxies to current shareholders; registration fees paid to the
Securities and Exchange Commission and to state securities commissions; expenses
related to administrative personnel and services as required to support holders
of Class A Shares; legal fees relating solely to Class A Shares; and Directors'
fees incurred as a result of issues related solely to Class A Shares.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
When selecting brokers and dealers to handle the purchase and sale of portfolio
instruments, the Adviser looks for prompt execution of the order at a favorable
price. In working with dealers, the
Adviser will generally use those who are recognized dealers in specific
portfolio instruments, except when a better price and execution of the order can
be obtained elsewhere. In selecting among firms believed to meet these criteria,
the Adviser may give consideration to those firms which have sold or are selling
Shares of the Fund and other funds distributed by Federated Securities Corp. The
Adviser makes decisions on portfolio transactions and selects brokers and
dealers subject to review by the Directors.
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOTING RIGHTS
Each share of the Fund gives the shareholder one vote in Director elections and
other matters submitted to shareholders for vote. All shares of each fund or
class in the Corporation have equal voting rights, except that in matters
affecting only a particular fund or class, only shares of that fund or class are
entitled to vote.
As a Maryland business corporation, the Corporation is not required to hold
annual shareholder meetings. Shareholder approval will be sought only for
certain changes in the Corporation's or the Fund's operation and for the
election of Directors under certain circumstances.
Directors may be removed by the Directors or by shareholders at a special
meeting. A special meeting of shareholders shall be called by the Directors upon
the written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the Corporation's
outstanding shares of all series entitled to vote.
TAX INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEDERAL INCOME TAX
The Fund will pay no federal income tax because it expects to meet requirements
of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies and to receive the
special tax treatment afforded to such companies. However, the Fund may invest
in the stock of certain foreign corporations which would constitute a Passive
Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"). Federal income taxes may be imposed on the
Fund upon disposition of PFIC investments.
The Fund will be treated as a single, separate entity for federal income tax
purposes so that income (including capital gains) and losses realized by the
Corporation's other portfolios will not be combined for tax purposes with those
realized by the Fund.
Investment income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may
be subject to foreign taxes withheld at the source. The United States has
entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries that entitle the Fund to
reduced tax rates or exemptions on this income. The effective rate of foreign
tax cannot be predicted since the amount of Fund assets to be invested within
various countries is unknown. However, the Fund intends to operate so as to
qualify for treaty-reduced tax rates where applicable.
Unless otherwise exempt, shareholders are required to pay federal income tax on
any dividends and other distributions, including capital gains distributions,
received. This applies whether dividends and distributions are received in cash
or as additional Shares. Distributions representing long-term capital gains, if
any, will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains no matter how
long the shareholders have held the Shares. No federal income tax is due on any
dividends earned in an IRA or qualified retirement plan until distributed.
Due to differences in the book and tax treatment of fixed income securities
denominated in foreign currencies, it is difficult to project currency effects
on an interim basis. Therefore, to the extent that currency fluctuations cannot
be anticipated, a portion of distributions to shareholders could later be
designated as a return of capital, rather than income, for income tax purposes,
which may be of particular concern to simple trusts.
If more than 50% of the value of the Fund's assets at the end of the tax year is
represented by stock or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund intends to
qualify for certain Code stipulations that would allow shareholders to claim a
foreign tax credit or deduction on their U.S. income tax returns. The Code may
limit a shareholder's ability to claim a foreign tax credit. Furthermore,
shareholders who elect to deduct their portion of the Fund's foreign taxes
rather than take the foreign tax credit must itemize deductions on their income
tax returns.
STATE AND LOCAL TAXES
Fund shares are exempt from personal property taxes imposed by counties,
municipalities, and school districts in Pennsylvania.
Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the status of
their accounts under state and local tax laws.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From time to time, the Fund advertises its total return and yield for Class A
Shares.
Total return represents the change, over a specific period of time, in the value
of an investment in Class A Shares after reinvesting all income and capital
gains distributions. It is calculated by dividing that change by the initial
investment and is expressed as a percentage.
The yield of Class A Shares is calculated by dividing the net investment income
per share (as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission) earned by Class
A Shares over a thirty-day period by the maximum offering price per share of
each class on the last day of the period. This number is then annualized using
semi-annual compounding. The yield does not necessarily reflect income actually
earned by Class A Shares and, therefore, may not correlate to the dividends or
other distributions paid to shareholders.
The performance information reflects the effect of non-recurring charges, such
as the maximum sales load or contingent deferred sales charges, which, if
excluded, would increase the total return and yield.
Total return and yield will be calculated separately for Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares.
From time to time, advertisements for Class A Shares of the Fund may refer to
ratings, rankings, and other information in certain financial publications
and/or compare the performance of Class A Shares to certain indices.
OTHER CLASSES OF SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund also offers two other classes of
shares called Class B Shares and Class C Shares. This prospectus relates only to
Class A Shares.
Class B Shares are sold primarily to customers of financial institutions,
subject to a maximum contingent deferred sales charge of 5.50%. The Fund has
also adopted a Distribution Plan whereby the distributor is paid a fee of up to
.75 of 1% and a Shareholder Services fee of up to .25 of 1% of the Class B
Shares' average daily net assets with respect to Class B Shares. Investments in
Class B Shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $1,500, unless the
investment is in a retirement account, in which case the minimum investment is
$50.
Class C Shares are sold primarily to customers of financial institutions at net
asset value with no initial sales load. Class C Shares are distributed pursuant
to a Distribution Plan adopted by the Fund whereby the distributor is paid a fee
of up to .75 of 1%, in addition to a Shareholder Services fee of .25 of 1% of
the Class C Shares' average daily net assets. In addition, Class C Shares may be
subject to certain contingent deferred sales charges. Investments in Class C
Shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $1,500, unless the
investment is in a retirement account, in which case the minimum investment is
$50.
Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares are subject to certain of the
same expenses. Expense differences, however, among Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares may affect the performance of each class.
To obtain more information and a prospectus for either Class B Shares or Class C
Shares, investors may call 1-800-235-4669 or contact their financial
institution.
ADDRESSES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Federated European Growth Fund
Class A Shares Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributor
Federated Securities Corp. Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment Adviser
Federated Global Research Corp. 175 Water Street
New York, New York 10038-4965
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Custodian
State Street Bank and P.O. Box 8600
Trust Company Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
Federated Services Company P.O. Box 8600
Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Independent Auditors
Ernst & Young LLP One Oxford Centre
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
FEDERATED EUROPEAN
GROWTH FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT
SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
PROSPECTUS
An Open-End, Diversified Management
Investment Company
February 13, 1996
FEDERATED SECURITIES CORP.
(LOGO)
- ---------------------------------------------
Distributor
A subsidiary of FEDERATED INVESTORS
FEDERATED INVESTORS TOWER
PITTSBURGH, PA 15222-3779
G01469-01 (1/96)
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may
any offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement
becomes effective. This Statement of Additional Information shall not
consititute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall
there be any sale of these securities in any State in which such offer,
solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification
under the securities laws of any such State.
Subject to Completion, January 17, 1996
FEDERATED EUROPEAN GROWTH FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
CLASS B SHARES
CLASS C SHARES
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This Statement of Additional Information should be read with the combined
prospectus for
Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares, or the stand-alone
prospectus for Class A Shares of Federated European Growth Fund (the
"Fund") dated February 13, 1996. This Statement is not a prospectus itself.
You may request a copy of either prospectus or a paper copy of this
Statement of Additional Information, if you have received it
electronically, free of charge by calling 1-800-235-4669.
FEDERATED INVESTORS TOWER
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222-3779
Statement datedFebruary 13, 1996
FEDERATED SECURITIES
CORP.
Distributor
A subsidiary of FEDERATED INVESTORS
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND3 Advisory Fees 45
Other Related Services 45
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES3
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
Convertible Securities 3
Warrants 4
TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND
Sovereign Debt Obligations 4
DISBURSING AGENT 18
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery
Transactions 5 BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS 19
Lending of Portfolio Securities 5
Repurchase Agreements 6
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 6
Restricted and Illiquid Securities
7
Futures and Options Transactions8
Risks 15
Foreign Currency Transactions 22
Additional Risk Considerations 26
Special Considerations Affecting
Europe 27
Portfolio Turnover 27
Investment Limitations 28
WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.
MANAGEMENT 34
Fund Ownership 42
Directors Compensation 42
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES 44
Adviser to the Fund 44
PURCHASING SHARES 19 Broker/Dealers and Bank
Broker/Dealer Subsidiaries 24
Distribution Plan and Shareholder
APPENDIX 25
Services Agreement 19
Conversion to Federal Funds 20
Purchases by Sales Representatives,
Directors, and Employees of the
Fund 20
DETERMINING NET ASSET VALUE 20
Determining Market Value of
Securities 20
Trading in Foreign Securities 20
REDEEMING SHARES 20
Redemption in Kind 21
TAX STATUS 21
The Fund's Tax Status 21
Foreign Taxes 21
Shareholders' Tax Status 21
TOTAL RETURN 22
YIELD 22
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS 22
ABOUT FEDERATED INVESTORS 23
Mutual Fund Market 23
Institutional 24
Trust Organizations 24
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
The Fund is a portfolio of World Investment Series, Inc. (the "Corporation"),
which was established under the laws of the State of Maryland on January 25,
1994.
Shares of the Fund are offered in three classes known as Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares (individually and collectively referred to as
"Shares" as the context may require). This Statement of Additional Information
relates to all three classes of the above-mentioned Shares.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income realized from the portfolio is incidental. The Fund pursues its
investment objective by investing primarily in equity securities of European
companies. The investment objective cannot be changed without approval of
shareholders.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
The convertible bonds and convertible preferred stocks in which the Fund may
invest generally retain the investment characteristics of fixed income
securities until they have been converted but also react to movements in the
underlying equity securities. The prices of fixed income securities fluctuate
inversely to the direction of interest rates. The holder is entitled to receive
the fixed income of a bond or the dividend preference of a preferred stock until
the holder elects to exercise the conversion privilege. Usable bonds are
corporate bonds that can be used in whole or in part, customarily at full face
value, in lieu of cash to purchase the issuer's common stock.
Convertible securities are senior to equity securities, and therefore have a
claim to assets of the corporation prior to the holders of common stock in the
case of liquidation. However, convertible securities are generally subordinated
to similar nonconvertible securities of the same company. The interest income
and dividends from convertible bonds and preferred stocks provide a stable
stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks, but lower than
nonconvertible securities of similar quality. The Fund will exchange or convert
the convertible securities held in its portfolio into shares of the underlying
common stocks when, in the investment adviser's opinion, the investment
characteristics of the underlying common shares will assist the Fund in
achieving it investment objective. Otherwise, the Fund will hold or trade the
convertible securities.
WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are options to purchase common stock
at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned
common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may
have a life ranging from less than a year to twenty years or may be perpetual.
However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In
addition, if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant's
exercise price during the life of the warrant, the warrant will expire as
worthless. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights
with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage
increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater
than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned
common stock.
SOVEREIGN DEBT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may purchase sovereign debt instruments issued or guaranteed by foreign
governments or their agencies, including debt of countries with emerging markets
or developing countries. Sovereign debt may be in the form of conventional
securities or other types of debt instruments, such as loans or loan
participations. Sovereign debt of emerging market or developing countries may
involve a high degree of risk, and may be in default or present the risk of
default. Governmental entities responsible for repayment of the debt may be
unable or unwilling to repay principal and interest when due, and may require
renegotiation or rescheduling of debt payments. In addition, prospects for
repayment of principal and interest may depend on political as well as economic
factors. The Fund may also invest in debt obligations of supranational entities,
which include international organizations designed or supported by governmental
entities to promote economic reconstruction or development, and international
banking institutions and related government agencies. Examples of these include,
but are not limited to, the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (World Bank), European Investment Bank and Inter-American
Development Bank.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS
These transactions are made to secure what is considered to be an advantageous
price or yield for the Fund. No fees or other expenses, other than normal
transaction costs, are incurred. However, liquid assets of the Fund sufficient
to make payment for the securities to be purchased are segregated on the Fund`s
records at the trade date. These assets are marked to market daily and are
maintained until the transaction has been settled. The Fund does not intend to
engage in when-issued and delayed delivery transactions to an extent that would
cause the segregation of more than 20% of the total value of its assets.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The collateral received when the Fund lends portfolio securities must be valued
daily and, should the market value of the loaned securities increase, the
borrower must furnish additional collateral to the Fund. During the time
portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays the Fund any dividends or
interest paid on such securities. Loans are subject to termination at the option
of the Fund or the borrower. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and
custodial fees in connection with a loan and may pay a negotiated portion of the
interest earned on the cash or equivalent collateral to the borrower or placing
broker. The Fund does not have the right to vote securities on loan, but would
terminate the loan and regain the right to vote if that were considered
important with respect to the investment.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund or its custodian will take possession of the securities subject to
repurchase agreements, and these securities will be marked to market daily. To
the extent that the original seller does not repurchase the securities from the
Fund, the Fund could receive less than the repurchase price on any sale of such
securities. In the event that such a defaulting seller filed for bankruptcy or
became insolvent, disposition of such securities by the Fund might be delayed
pending court action. The Fund believes that under the regular procedures
normally in effect for custody of the Fund's portfolio securities subject to
repurchase agreements, a court of competent jurisdiction would rule in favor of
the Fund and allow retention or disposition of such securities. The Fund will
only enter into repurchase agreements with banks and other recognized financial
institutions, such as broker/dealers, which are found by the Fund's investment
adviser to be creditworthy pursuant to guidelines established by the
Corporation's Board of Directors (the "Directors").
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements. These transactions
are similar to borrowing cash. In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund
transfers possession of a portfolio instrument to another person, such as a
financial institution, broker, or dealer, in return for a percentage of the
instrument's market value in cash, and agrees that on a stipulated date in the
future, the Fund will repurchase the portfolio instrument by remitting the
original consideration plus interest at an agreed upon rate. The use of reverse
repurchase agreements may enable the Fund to avoid selling portfolio instruments
at a time when a sale may be deemed to be disadvantageous, but the ability to
enter into reverse repurchase agreements does not ensure that the Fund will be
able to avoid selling portfolio instruments at a disadvantageous time.
When effecting reverse repurchase agreements, liquid assets of the Fund, in a
dollar amount sufficient to make payment for the obligations to be purchased,
are segregated at the trade date. These securities are marked to market daily
and are maintained until the transaction is settled.
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The ability of the Directors to determine the liquidity of certain restricted
securities is permitted under a Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff
position set forth in the adopting release for Rule 144A under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the "Rule"). The Rule is a non-exclusive safe-harbor
for certain secondary market transactions involving registration for resales of
otherwise restricted securities to qualified institutional buyers. The Rule was
expected to further enhance the liquidity of the secondary market for securities
eligible for resale under the Rule. The Fund believes that the staff of the SEC
has left the question of determining the liquidity of all restricted securities
to the Directors. The Directors may consider the following criteria in
determining the liquidity of certain restricted securities:
o the frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
o the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the
number of other potential buyers;
o dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
o the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, securities of foreign issuers which are not
listed on a recognized domestic or foreign exchange or for which a bona fide
market does not exist at the time of purchase or subsequent transaction shall be
treated as illiquid securities by the Directors.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS
The Fund may attempt to hedge all or a portion of its portfolio or gain
relatively rapid, liquid, and cost-effective exposure to certain markets by
buying and selling futures contracts and options on futures contracts.
FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Fund may engage in futures contracts. A futures contract is a firm
commitment by two parties, the seller who agrees to make delivery of the
specific type of security called for in the contract ("going short") and
the buyer who agrees to take delivery of the security ("going long") at a
certain time in the future. However, a securities index futures contract is
an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery
of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index
at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which
the index was originally written. No physical delivery of the underlying
securities in the index is made.
The purpose of the acquisition or sale of a futures contract by the Fund is
to protect the Fund from fluctuations in the value of its securities caused
by unanticipated changes in interest rates or market conditions without
necessarily buying or selling the securities. For example, in the fixed
income securities market, price generally moves inversely to interest
rates. A rise in rates generally means a drop in price. Conversely, a
drop in rates generally means a rise in price. In order to hedge its
holdings of fixed income securities against a rise in market interest
rates, the Fund could enter into contracts to deliver securities at a
predetermined price (i.e., "go short") to protect itself against the
possibility that the prices of its fixed income securities may decline
during the anticipated holding period. The Fund would "go long" (i.e.,
agree to purchase securities in the future at a predetermined price) to
hedge against a decline in market interest rates. The Fund may also invest
in securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser believes
such investment is more efficient, liquid, or cost-effective than investing
directly in the securities underlying the index.
STOCK INDEX OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase put options on stock indices listed on national
securities exchanges or traded in the over-the-counter market. A stock
index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the stocks included
in the index.
The effectiveness of purchasing stock index options will depend upon the
extent to which price movements in the Fund's portfolio correlate with
price movements of the stock index selected. Because the value of an index
option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the
price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or loss
from the purchase of options on an index depends upon movements in the
level of stock prices in the stock market generally or, in the case of
certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in
the price of a particular stock. Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of
options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the investment
adviser to predict correctly movements in the direction of the stock market
generally or of a particular industry.
PUT OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Fund may purchase listed or over-the-counter put options on financial
futures contracts. The Fund would use these options only to protect
portfolio securities against decreases in value resulting from market
factors such as anticipated increase in interest rates, or when the
investment adviser believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or
cost-effective than investing directly in the futures contract or the
underlying securities or when such futures contracts or securities are
unavailable for investment upon favorable terms.
Unlike entering directly into a futures contract, which requires the
purchaser to buy a financial instrument on a set date at a specified price,
the purchase of a put option on a futures contract entitles (but does not
obligate) its purchaser to decide on or before a future date whether to
assume a short position at the specified price. Generally, if the hedged
portfolio securities decrease in value during the term of an option, the
related futures contracts will also decrease in value and the option will
increase in value. In such an event, the Fund will normally close out its
option by selling an identical option. If the hedge is successful, the
proceeds received by the Fund upon the sale of the second option will be
large enough to offset both the premium paid by the Fund for the original
option plus the realized decrease in value of the hedged securities.
Alternatively, the Fund may exercise its put option to close out the
position. To do so, it would simultaneously enter into a futures contract
of the type underlying the option (for a price less than the strike price
of the option) and exercise the option. The Fund would then deliver the
futures contract in return for payment of the strike price. If the Fund
neither closes out nor exercises an option, the option will expire on the
date provided in the option contract, and only the premium paid for the
contract will be lost.
The Fund may write listed or over-the counter put options on financial
futures contracts to hedge its portfolio or when the investment adviser
believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than
investing directly in the futures contract or the underlying securities or
when such futures contracts or securities are unavailable for investment
upon favorable terms. When the Fund writes a put option on a futures
contract, it receives a cash premium which can be used in whatever way is
deemed most advantageous to the Fund. In exchange for such premium, the
Fund grants to the purchaser of the put the right to receive from the Fund,
at the strike price, a short position in such futures contract, even though
the strike price upon exercise of the option is greater than the value of
the futures position received by such holder. If the value of the
underlying futures position is not such that exercise of the option would
be profitable to the option holder, the option will generally expire
without being exercised. The Fund has no obligation to return premiums
paid to it whether or not the option is exercised. It will generally be
the policy of the Fund, in order to avoid the exercise of an option sold by
it, to cancel its obligation under the option by entering into a closing
purchase transaction, if available, unless it is determined to be in the
Fund's interest to deliver the underlying futures position. A closing
purchase transaction consists of the purchase by the Fund of an option
having the same term as the option sold by the Fund, and has the effect of
canceling the Fund's position as a seller. The premium which the Fund will
pay in executing a closing purchase transaction may be higher than the
premium received when the option was sold, depending in large part upon the
relative price of the underlying futures position at the time of each
transaction.
CALL OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL AND STOCK INDEX FUTURES CONTRACTS
In addition to purchasing put options on futures, the Fund may write listed
call options or over-the-counter call options on financial and stock index
futures contracts (including cash-settled stock index options), to hedge
its portfolio against an increase in market interest rates, a decrease in
stock prices, or when the investment adviser believes such investment is
more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than investing directly in the
futures contract or the underlying securities or when such futures
contracts or securities are unavailable for investment upon favorable
terms. When the Fund writes a call option on a futures contract, it is
undertaking the obligation of assuming a short futures position (selling a
futures contract) at the fixed strike price at any time during the life of
the option if the option is exercised. As stock prices fall or market
interest rates rise and cause the price of futures to decrease, the Fund's
obligation under a call option on a future (to sell a futures contract)
costs less to fulfill, causing the value of the Fund's call option position
to increase.
In other words, as the underlying futures price goes down below the strike
price, the buyer of the option has no reason to exercise the call, so that
the Fund keeps the premium received for the option. This premium can
substantially offset the drop in value of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Prior to the expiration of a call written by the Fund, or exercise of it by
the buyer, the Fund may close out the option by buying an identical option.
If the hedge is successful, the cost of the second option will be less than
the premium received by the Fund for the initial option. The net premium
income of the Fund may then substantially offset the realized decrease in
value of the hedged securities.
When the Fund purchases a call on a financial futures contract, it receives
in exchange for the payment of a cash premium the right, but not the
obligation, to enter into the underlying futures contract at a strike price
determined at the time the call was purchased, regardless of the
comparative market of such futures position at the time the option is
exercised. The holder of a call option has the right to receive a long (or
buyer's) position in the underlying futures contract.
The Fund generally will not maintain open positions in futures contracts it
has sold or call options it has written on futures contracts if, in the
aggregate, the value of the open positions (marked to market) exceeds the
current market value of its securities portfolio plus the unrealized loss
or minus the unrealized gain on those open positions, adjusted for the
correlation between the hedged securities and the futures contracts. If
this limitation is exceeded at any time, the Fund will take prompt action
to close out a sufficient number of open contracts to bring its open
futures and options positions within this limitation.
"MARGIN" IN FUTURES TRANSACTIONS
Unlike the purchase or sale of a security, the Fund does not pay or receive
money upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Rather, the Fund is
required to deposit an amount of "initial margin" in cash or U.S. Treasury
bills with its custodian (or the broker, if legally permitted). The nature
of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin
in securities transactions in that initial margin in futures transactions
does not involve the borrowing of funds by the Fund to finance the
transactions. Initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good
faith deposit on the contract which is returned to the Fund upon
termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations
have been satisfied.
A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official
settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund
pays or receives cash, called "variation margin," equal to the daily change
in value of the futures contract. This process is known as "marking to
market." Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the
Fund but is instead settlement between the Fund and the broker of the
amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In
computing its daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market its open
futures positions.
The Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin when it writes
call options on futures contracts.
PURCHASING PUT AND CALL OPTIONS ON PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may purchase put and call options on portfolio securities to
protect against price movements in particular securities in its portfolio.
A put option gives the Fund, in return for a premium, the right to sell the
underlying security to the writer (seller) at a specified price during the
term of the option. A call option gives the Fund, in return for a premium,
the right to buy the underlying securities from the seller.
WRITING COVERED PUT AND CALL OPTIONS ON PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may write covered put and call options to generate income and
thereby protect against price movements in particular securities in the
Fund's portfolio. As the writer of a call option, the Fund has the
obligation upon exercise of the option during the option period to deliver
the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price. As the writer
of a put option, the Fund has the obligation to purchase a security from
the purchaser of the option upon the exercise of the option.
The Fund may only write call options either on securities held in its
portfolio or on securities which it has the right to obtain without payment
of further consideration (or has segregated cash in the amount of any
additional consideration). In the case of put options, the Fund will
segregate cash or U.S. Treasury obligations with a value equal to or
greater than the exercise price of the underlying securities.
OVER-THE-COUNTER OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase and write over-the-counter options ("OTC options") on
portfolio securities or in securities indexes in negotiated transactions
with the buyers or writers of the options when options on the portfolio
securities held by the Fund or when the securities indexes are not traded
on an exchange.
OTC options are two-party contracts with price and terms negotiated between
buyer and seller. In contrast, exchange-traded options are third-party
contracts with standardized strike prices and expiration dates and are
purchased from a clearing corporation. Exchange-traded options have a
continuous liquid market while OTC options may not.
RISKS
OPTIONS
Certain hedging vehicles have risks associated with them including
possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to
the extent the adviser's view as to certain market movements is incorrect,
the risk that the use of such hedging strategies could result in losses
greater than if they had not been used. Use of put and call options may
result in losses to the Fund, force the sale or purchase of portfolio
securities at inopportune times or for prices higher than (in the case of
put options) or lower than (in the case of call options) current market
values, limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on its
investments or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell.
The use of currency transactions can result in the Fund incurring losses as
a result of a number of factors including the imposition of exchange
controls, suspension of settlements, or the inability to deliver or receive
a specified currency. The use of options and futures transactions entails
certain other risks. In particular, the variable degree of correlation
between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the
related portfolio position of the Fund creates the possibility that losses
on the hedging instrument may be greater than gains in the value of the
Fund's position. In addition, futures and options markets may both be
liquid in all circumstances and certain over-the-counter options may have
not markets. As a result, in certain markets, the Fund might not be able
to close out a transaction without incurring substantial losses, if at all.
Although the use of futures and options transactions for hedging should
tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the
hedged position, at the same time they tend to limit any potential gain
which might result from an increase in value of such position. Finally,
the daily variation margin requirements for futures contracts would create
a greater ongoing potential financial risk than would purchase of options,
where the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium. Losses
resulting from the use of hedging strategies would reduce net asset value,
and possibly income, and such losses can be greater than if the hedging
strategies had not been utilized.
COMBINED TRANSACTIONS
The Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple options
transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transaction
(including forward currency contracts) and multiple interest rate
transactions and any combination of futures, options, currency and interest
rate transactions ("component" transactions), instead of a single hedging
strategy, as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the opinion of
the investment adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A
combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present
in each of its component transactions. Although combined transactions are
normally entered into based on the investment adviser's judgment that the
combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve
the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination
will instead increase such risks or hinder achievement of the portfolio
management objective.
SWAPS, CAPS, FLOORS AND COLLARS
Among the hedging strategies into which the Fund may enter are interest
rate, currency and index swaps and the purchase or sale of related caps,
floors, and collars. The Fund expects to enter into these transactions
primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or
portion of its portfolio, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a
duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the
price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. The
Fund intends to use these transactions as hedges and not as speculative
investments and will not sell interest rate caps or floors where it does
not own securities or other instruments providing the income stream the
Fund may be obligated to pay. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by
the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or
receive interest, e.g., an exchange of floating rating payments of fixed
rate payments with respect to a notional amount of principal. A currency
swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows on a notional amount of two or
more currencies based on the relative value differential among them and an
index swap is an agreement to swap cash flows on a notional amount based on
changes in the values of the reference indices. The purchase of a cap
entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount
from the party selling such cap to the extent that a specified index
exceeds a predetermined interest rate or amount. The purchase of a floor
entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount
from the party selling such floor to the extent that specified index falls
below a predetermined interest rate or amount. A collar is a combination
of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined
range of interest rates or values.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two
payment streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or
dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as
the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Inasmuch as
these swaps, caps, floors, and collars are entered into for good faith
hedging purposes, the investment adviser and the Fund believe such
obligations do not constitute senior securities under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, and, accordingly, will not treat them as
being subject to its borrowing restrictions. There is no minimal
acceptable rating for a swap, cap, floor, or collar to be purchased or held
in the Fund's portfolio. If there is a default by the counterparty, the
Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to
the transaction. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years
with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as
principals and agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a
result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Caps, floors and
collars are more recent innovations for which standardized documentation
has not yet been fully developed and, accordingly, they are less liquid
than swaps.
RISKS OF HEDGING STRATEGIES OUTSIDE THE U.S.
When conducted outside the U.S., hedging strategies may not be regulated as
rigorously as in the U.S., may not involve a clearing mechanism and
related guarantees, and are subject to the risk of governmental actions
affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and
other instruments. The value of such positions also could be adversely
affected by: (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic
factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the U.S. of data on which to make
trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Fund's ability to act upon economic
events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the U.S.,
(iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and
procedures and the margin requirements than in the U.S., and (v) lower
trading volume and liquidity.
USE OF SEGREGATED AND OTHER SPECIAL ACCOUNTS
Many hedging strategies, in addition to other requirements, require that
the Fund segregate liquid high grade assets with its custodian to the
extent Fund obligations are not otherwise "covered" through ownership of
the underlying security, financial instrument or currency. In general,
either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver
securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities,
instruments or currency required to be delivered, or, subject to any
regulatory restrictions, an amount of cash or liquid high grade securities
at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be segregated
with the custodian. The segregated assets cannot be sold or transferred
unless equivalent assets are substituted in their place or it is no longer
necessary to segregate them. For example, a call option written by the
Fund will require the Fund to hold the securities subject to the call (or
securities convertible into the needed securities without additional
consideration) or to segregate liquid high grade securities sufficient to
purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised. A call
option sold by the Fund on an index will require the Fund to own portfolio
securities which correlate with the index or to segregate liquid high grade
assets equal to the excess of the index value over the exercise price on a
current basis. A put option written by the Fund requires the Fund to
segregate liquid high grade assets equal to the exercise price.
Except when the Fund enters into a forward contract for the purchase or
sale of a security denominated in a particular currency, a currency
contract which obligates the Fund to buy or sell currency will generally
require the Fund to hold an amount of that currency or liquid securities
denominated in that currency equal to the Fund's obligations or to
segregate liquid high grade assets equal to the amount of the Fund's
obligations.
OTC options entered into by the Fund, including those on securities,
currency, financial instruments or indices and OTC issued and exchange
listed index options, will generally provide for cash settlement. As a
result, when the Fund sells these instruments it will only segregate an
amount of assets equal to its accrued net obligations, as there is no
requirement for payment or delivery of amounts in excess of the net amount.
These amounts will equal 100% of the exercise price in the case of a non
cash-settled put, the same as an OTC guaranteed listed option sold by the
Fund, or the in-the-money amount plus any sell-back formula amount in the
case of a cash-settled put or call. In addition, when the Fund sells a
call option on an index at a time when the in-the-money amount exceeds the
exercise price, the Fund will segregate, until the option expires or is
closed out, cash or cash equivalents equal in value to such excess. OTC
issued and exchange listed options sold by the Fund other than those above
generally settle with physical delivery, and the Fund will segregate an
equal amount of assets equal to the full value of the option. OTC options
settling with physical delivery, or with an election of either physical
delivery or cash settlement will be treated the same as other options
settling with physical delivery.
In the case of a futures contract or an option thereon, the Fund must
deposit initial margin and possible daily variation margin in addition to
segregating assets sufficient to meet its obligation to purchase or provide
securities or currencies, or to pay the amount owed at the expiration of an
index-based futures contract. Such assets may consist of cash, cash
equivalents, liquid debt or equity securities or other acceptable assets.
With respect to swaps, the Fund will accrue the net amount of the excess,
if any, of its obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap
on a daily basis and will segregate an amount of cash or liquid high grade
securities having a value equal to the accrued excess. Caps, floors and
collars require segregation of assets with a value equal to the Fund's net
obligation, if any.
Strategic transactions may be covered by other means when consistent with
applicable regulatory policies. The Fund may also enter into offsetting
transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated
assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related options and
hedging strategies. For example, the Fund could purchase a put option if
the strike price of that option is the same or higher than the strike price
of a put option sold by the Fund. Moreover, instead of segregating assets
if the Fund held a futures or forward contract, it could purchase a put
option on the same futures or forward contract with a strike price as high
or higher than the price of the contract held. Other hedging strategies
may also be offset in combinations. If the offsetting transaction
terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction no segregation
is required, but if it terminates prior to such time, assets equal to any
remaining obligation would need to be segregated.
The Fund's activities involving hedging strategies may be limited by the
requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the "Code") for qualification as a regulated investment company.
(See "Tax Status")
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
CURRENCY RISKS
The exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies are a
function of such factors as supply and demand in the currency exchange
markets, international balances of payments, governmental intervention,
speculation and other economic and political conditions. Although the Fund
values its assets daily in U.S. dollars, the Fund may not convert its
holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars daily. The Fund may incur
conversion costs when it converts its holdings to another currency. Foreign
exchange dealers may realize a profit on the difference between the price
at which the Fund buys and sells currencies.
The Fund will engage in foreign currency exchange transactions in
connection with its portfolio investments. The Fund will conduct its
foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis
at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market or
through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts in
order to protect against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change
in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency involved
in an underlying transaction. However, forward foreign currency exchange
contracts may limit potential gains which could result from a positive
change in such currency relationships. The investment adviser believes that
it is important to have the flexibility to enter into forward foreign
currency exchange contracts whenever it determines that it is in the Fund's
best interest to do so. The Fund will not speculate in foreign currency
exchange.
The Fund will not enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts or
maintain a net exposure in such contracts when it would be obligated to
deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of its
portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency or, in
the case of a "cross-hedge" denominated in a currency or currencies that
the investment adviser believes will tend to be closely correlated with
that currency with regard to price movements. Generally, the Fund will not
enter into a forward foreign currency exchange contract with a term longer
than one year.
FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS
A foreign currency option provides the option buyer with the right to buy
or sell a stated amount of foreign currency at the exercise price on a
specified date or during the option period. The owner of a call option has
the right, but not the obligation, to buy the currency. Conversely, the
owner of a put option has the right, but not the obligation, to sell the
currency.
When the option is exercised, the seller (i.e., writer) of the option is
obligated to fulfill the terms of the sold option. However, either the
seller or the buyer may, in the secondary market, close its position during
the option period at any time prior to expiration.
A call option on foreign currency generally rises in value if the
underlying currency appreciates in value, and a put option on foreign
currency generally rises in value if the underlying currency depreciates in
value. Although purchasing a foreign currency option can protect the Fund
against an adverse movement in the value of a foreign currency, the option
will not limit the movement in the value of such currency. For example, if
the Fund was holding securities denominated in a foreign currency that was
appreciating and had purchased a foreign currency put to hedge against a
decline in the value of the currency, the Fund would not have to exercise
its put option. Likewise, if the Fund were to enter into a contract to
purchase a security denominated in foreign currency and, in conjunction
with that purchase, were to purchase a foreign currency call option to
hedge against a rise in value of the currency, and if the value of the
currency instead depreciated between the date of purchase and the
settlement date, the Fund would not have to exercise its call. Instead, the
Fund could acquire in the spot market the amount of foreign currency needed
for settlement.
SPECIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS
Buyers and sellers of foreign currency options are subject to the same
risks that apply to options generally. In addition, there are certain risks
associated with foreign currency options. The markets in foreign currency
options are relatively new, and the Fund's ability to establish and close
out positions on such options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid
secondary market. Although the Fund will not purchase or write such options
unless and until, in the opinion of the investment adviser, the market for
them has developed sufficiently to ensure that the risks in connection with
such options are not greater than the risks in connection with the
underlying currency, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary
market will exist for a particular option at any specific time.
In addition, options on foreign currencies are affected by all of those
factors that influence foreign exchange rates and investments generally.
The value of a foreign currency option depends upon the value of the
underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result, the price of
the option position may vary with changes in the value of either or both
currencies and may have no relationship to the investment merits of a
foreign security. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the
interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may
be involved in the use of foreign currency options, investors may be
disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd lot market (generally consisting
of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign
currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign
currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through
dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis.
Available quotation information is generally representative of very large
transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect relatively
smaller transactions (i.e., less than $1 million) where rates may be less
favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-
the-clock market. To the extent that the U.S. option markets are closed
while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant
price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that
cannot be reflected in the options markets until they reopen.
FOREIGN CURRENCY FUTURES TRANSACTIONS
By using foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts,
the Fund may be able to achieve many of the same objectives as it would
through the use of forward foreign currency exchange contracts. The Fund
may be able to achieve these objectives possibly more effectively and at a
lower cost by using futures transactions instead of forward foreign
currency exchange contracts.
SPECIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED
OPTIONS
Buyers and sellers of foreign currency futures contracts are subject to the
same risks that apply to the use of futures generally. In addition, there
are risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts and their use
as a hedging device similar to those associated with options on currencies,
as described above.
Options on foreign currency futures contracts may involve certain
additional risks. Trading options on foreign currency futures contracts is
relatively new. The ability to establish and close out positions on such
options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market. To
reduce this risk, the Fund will not purchase or write options on foreign
currency futures contracts unless and until, in the opinion of the
investment adviser, the market for such options has developed sufficiently
that the risks in connection with such options are not greater than the
risks in connection with transactions in the underlying foreign currency
futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of foreign currency
futures contracts, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts
involves less potential risk to the Fund because the maximum amount at risk
is the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). However, there
may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures
contract would result in a loss, such as when there is no movement in the
price of the underlying currency or futures contract.
ADDITIONAL RISK CONSIDERATIONS
The Directors consider at least annually the likelihood of the imposition by any
foreign government of exchange control restrictions which would affect the
liquidity of the Fund's assets maintained with custodians in foreign countries,
as well as the degree of risk from political acts of foreign governments to
which such assets may be exposed. The Directors also consider the degree of
risk involved through the holding of portfolio securities in domestic and
foreign securities depositories. However, in the absence of willful
misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the investment
adviser, any losses resulting from the holding of the Fund's portfolio
securities in foreign countries and/or with securities depositories will be at
the risk of shareholders. No assurance can be given that the Directors'
appraisal of the risks will always be correct or that such exchange control
restrictions or political acts of foreign governments might not occur.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AFFECTING EUROPE
The countries that are members of the European Union (Belgium, Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,
Austria, Sweden, Finland, and the United Kingdom) eliminated certain import
tariffs and quotas, and other trade barriers with respect to one another over
the past several years. The adviser believes that this deregulation should
improve the prospects for economic growth in many European countries. Among
other things, the deregulation could enable companies domiciled in one country
to avail themselves of lower labor costs existing in other countries. In
addition, this deregulation could benefit companies domiciled on one country by
opening additional markets for their goods and services in other countries.
Since, however, it is not clear at this time what the exact form or effect of
these European Union reforms will be on business in Western Europe or the
emerging European markets, it is impossible to predict the long-term impact of
the implementation of these programs on the securities owned by the Fund.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund does not intend to invest for the purpose of seeking short-
term profits, securities in its portfolio will be sold whenever the investment
adviser believes it is appropriate to do so in light of the Fund's investment
objective, without regard to the length of time a particular security may have
been held. The investment adviser does not anticipate that portfolio turnover
will result in adverse tax consequences. It is not anticipated that the
portfolio trading engaged in by the Fund will result in its annual rate of
portfolio turnover exceeding 100%; however, the relative performance of the
Fund's investments may make a realignment of the Fund's portfolio desirable from
time to time. The frequency of such portfolio realignments will be determined
by market conditions. Higher portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater
brokerage commissions and other transaction costs that the Fund will bear
directly.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The following investment limitations are fundamental (except that no investment
limitation of the Fund shall prevent the Fund from investing substantially all
of its assets (except for assets which are not considered "investment
securities" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or assets
exempted by the SEC) in an open-end investment company with substantially the
same investment objectives):
SELLING SHORT AND BUYING ON MARGIN
The Fund will not sell any securities short or purchase any securities on
margin, but may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the
clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities. The deposit or
payment by the Fund of initial or variation margin in connection with
financial futures contracts or related options transactions is not
considered the purchase of a security on margin.
ISSUING SENIOR SECURITIES AND BORROWING MONEY
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except that the Fund may borrow
money directly or through reverse repurchase agreements in amounts up to
one-third of the value of its total assets, including the amount borrowed,
and except to the extent that the Fund may enter into futures contracts.
The Fund will not borrow money or engage in reverse repurchase agreements
for investment leverage, but rather as a temporary, extraordinary, or
emergency measure or to facilitate management of the portfolio by enabling
the Fund to meet redemption requests when the liquidation of portfolio
securities is deemed to be inconvenient or disadvantageous. The Fund will
not purchase any securities while any borrowings in excess of 5% of its
total assets are outstanding.
PLEDGING ASSETS
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate any assets except to
secure permitted borrowings. In these cases, the Fund may pledge assets as
necessary to secure such borrowings. For purposes of this limitation, the
following will not be deemed to be pledges of the Fund's assets: (a) the
deposit of assets in escrow in connection with the writing of covered put
or call options and the purchase of securities on a when-issued basis; and
(b) collateral arrangements with respect to: (i) the purchase and sale of
securities options (and options on securities indexes) and (ii) initial or
variation margin for futures contracts.
CONCENTRATION OF INVESTMENTS
The Fund will not invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in
any one industry, except that the Fund may invest 25% or more of the value
of its total assets in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities.
INVESTING IN COMMODITIES
The Fund will not invest in commodities, except that the Fund reserves the
right to engage in transactions involving futures contracts, options, and
forward contracts with respect to securities, securities indexes or
currencies.
INVESTING IN REAL ESTATE
The Fund will not purchase or sell real estate, including limited
partnership interests, although it may invest in the securities of
companies whose business involves the purchase or sale of real estate or in
securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate.
LENDING CASH OR SECURITIES
The Fund will not lend any of its assets, except portfolio securities.
This shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or holding U.S. government
obligations, corporate bonds, money market instruments, debentures, notes,
certificates of indebtedness, or other debt securities, entering into
repurchase agreements, or engaging in other transactions where permitted by
the Fund's investment objective, policies, and limitations or the
Corporation's Articles of Incorporation.
UNDERWRITING
The Fund will not underwrite any issue of securities, except as it may be
deemed to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection
with the sale of securities in accordance with its investment objective,
policies, and limitations.
DIVERSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS
With respect to securities comprising 75% of the value of its total assets,
the Fund will not purchase securities issued by any one issuer (other than
cash, cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities) if, as a result, more than 5% of the
value of its total assets would be invested in the securities of that
issuer, and will not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting
securities of any one issuer.
The above investment limitations cannot be changed without shareholder approval.
The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Directors without
shareholder approval (except that no investment limitation of the Fund shall
prevent the Fund from investing substantially all of its assets (except for
assets which are not considered "investment securities" under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, or assets exempted by the SEC) in an open-end
investment company with substantially the same investment objectives).
Shareholders will be notified before any material changes in these limitations
become effective.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
The Fund will limit its investment in other investment companies to no more
than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any investment company,
will invest no more than 5% of its total assets in any one investment
company, and will invest no more than 10% of its total assets in investment
companies in general. The Fund will purchase securities of investment
companies only in open-market transactions involving only customary
broker's commissions. However, these limitations are not applicable if the
securities are acquired in a merger, consolidation, or acquisition of
assets. It should be noted that investment companies incur certain expenses
such as management fees, and, therefore, any investment by the Fund in
shares of another investment company would be subject to such duplicate
expenses.
INVESTING IN ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund will not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements providing for
settlement in more than seven days after notice, non-negotiable time
deposits with maturities over seven days, over-the-counter options, swap
agreements not determined to be liquid, and certain restricted securities
not determined by the Directors to be liquid.
INVESTING IN NEW ISSUERS
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in
securities of issuers with records of less than three years of continuous
operations, including the operation of any predecessor.
INVESTING IN ISSUERS WHOSE SECURITIES ARE OWNED BY OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF
THE CORPORATION
The Fund will not purchase or retain the securities of any issuer if the
officers and Directors of the Corporation or the Fund's investment adviser,
owning individually more than 1/2 of 1% of the issuer's securities,
together own more than 5% of the issuer's securities.
INVESTING IN MINERALS
The Fund will not purchase interests in oil, gas, or other mineral
exploration or development programs or leases, although it may invest in
the securities of issuers which invest in or sponsor such programs.
PURCHASING SECURITIES TO EXERCISE CONTROL
The Fund will not purchase securities of a company for the purpose of
exercising control or management.
INVESTING IN PUT OPTIONS
The Fund will not purchase put options on securities or futures contracts,
unless the securities or futures contracts are held in the Fund's portfolio
or unless the Fund is entitled to them in deliverable form without further
payment or after segregating cash in the amount of any further payment.
WRITING COVERED CALL OPTIONS
The Fund will not write call options on securities unless the securities or
futures contracts are held in the Fund's portfolio or unless the Fund is
entitled to them in deliverable form without further payment or after
segregating cash in the amount of any further payment.
INVESTING IN WARRANTS
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of the value of its net assets in
warrants, including those acquired in units or attached to other
securities. No more than 2% of the Fund's net assets, to be included within
the overall 5% limit on investments in warrants, may be warrants which are
not listed on the New York or American Stock Exchanges. For purposes of
this investment restriction, warrants will be valued at the lower of cost
or market, except that warrants acquired by the Fund in units with or
attached to securities may be deemed to be without value.
Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to
at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting
from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such
restriction.
The Fund has no present intent to borrow money, pledge securities, or invest in
reverse repurchase agreements in excess of 5% of the value of its total assets
in the coming fiscal year. In addition, the Fund expects to lend not more than
5% of its total assets in the coming fiscal year.
To comply with registration requirements in certain states, the Fund (1) will
limit the aggregate value of the assets underlying covered call options or put
options written by the Fund to not more than 25% of its net assets, (2) will
limit the premiums paid for options purchased by the Fund to 5% of its net
assets, and (3) will limit the margin deposits on futures contracts entered into
by the Fund to 5% of its net assets. (If state requirements change, these
restrictions may be revised without shareholder notification.)
For purposes of its policies and limitations, the Fund considers certificates of
deposit and demand and time deposits issued by a U.S. branch of a domestic bank
or savings and loan having capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of
$100,000,000 at the time of investment to be "cash items."
WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC. MANAGEMENT
Officers and Directors are listed with their addresses, birthdates, present
positions with World Investment Series, Inc., and principal occupations.
John F. Donahue@*
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: July 28, 1924
Chairman and Director
Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investors, Federated Advisers, Federated
Management, and Federated Research; Chairman and Director, Federated Research
Corp. and Federated Global Research Corp.; Chairman, Passport Research, Ltd.;
Chief Executive Officer and Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of
the Funds. Mr. Donahue is the father of J. Christopher Donahue, Executive Vice
President of the Company .
Thomas G. Bigley
28th Floor, One Oxford Centre
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: February 3, 1934
Director
Director, Oberg Manufacturing Co.; Chairman of the Board, Children's Hospital of
Pittsburgh; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds;
formerly, Senior Partner, Ernst & Young LLP.
John T. Conroy, Jr.
Wood/IPC Commercial Department
John R. Wood and Associates, Inc., Realtors
3255 Tamiami Trail North
Naples, FL
Birthdate: June 23, 1937
Director
President, Investment Properties Corporation; Senior Vice-President, John R.
Wood and Associates, Inc., Realtors; President, Northgate Village Development
Corporation; Partner or Trustee in private real estate ventures in Southwest
Florida; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly,
President, Naples Property Management, Inc.
William J. Copeland
One PNC Plaza - 23rd Floor
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: July 4, 1918
Director
Director and Member of the Executive Committee, Michael Baker, Inc.; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, Vice Chairman and
Director, PNC Bank, N.A., and PNC Bank Corp. and Director, Ryan Homes, Inc.
James E. Dowd
571 Hayward Mill Road
Concord, MA
Birthdate: May 18, 1922
Director
Attorney-at-law; Director, The Emerging Germany Fund, Inc.; Director, Trustee,
or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Lawrence D. Ellis, M.D.*
3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1111
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 11, 1932
Director
Professor of Medicine and Member, Board of Trustees, University of Pittsburgh;
Medical Director, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center - Downtown; Member,
Board of Directors, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; formerly,
Hematologist, Oncologist, and Internist, Presbyterian and Montefiore Hospitals;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Richard B. Fisher *
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: May 17, 1923
President and Director
Executive Vice President and Trustee, Federated Investors; Chairman and
Director, Federated Securities Corp.; President or Vice President of some of the
Funds; Director or Trustee of some of the Funds.
Edward L. Flaherty, Jr.@
Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty
Two Gateway Center - Suite 674
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: June 18, 1924
Director
Attorney-at-law; Shareholder, Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty; Director,
Eat'N Park Restaurants, Inc., and Statewide Settlement Agency, Inc.; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, Counsel, Horizon
Financial, F.A., Western Region.
Peter E. Madden
Seacliff
562 Bellevue Avenue
Newport, RI
Birthdate: March 16, 1942
Director
Consultant; State Representative, Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, President, State
Street Bank and Trust Company and State Street Boston Corporation.
Gregor F. Meyer
Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty
Two Gateway Center - Suite 674
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 6, 1926
Director
Attorney-at-law; Shareholder, Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty; Chairman,
Meritcare, Inc.; Director, Eat'N Park Restaurants, Inc.; Director, Trustee, or
Managing General Partner of the Funds.
John E. Murray, Jr., J.D., S.J.D.
President, Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: December 20, 1932
Director
President, Law Professor, Duquesne University; Consulting Partner, Mollica,
Murray and Hogue; Director, Trustee or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Wesley W. Posvar
1202 Cathedral of Learning
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: September 14, 1925
Director
Professor, International Politics and Management Consultant; Trustee, Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, RAND Corporation, Online Computer Library
Center, Inc., and U.S. Space Foundation; Chairman, Czecho Management Center;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; President Emeritus,
University of Pittsburgh; founding Chairman, National Advisory Council for
Environmental Policy and Technology and Federal Emergency Management Advisory
Board.
Marjorie P. Smuts
4905 Bayard Street
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: June 21, 1935
Director
Public relations/marketing consultant; Conference Coordinator, Non-profit
entities; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
J. Christopher Donahue
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: April 11, 1949
Executive Vice President
President and Trustee, Federated Investors, Federated Advisers, Federated
Management, and Federated Research; President and Director, Federated Research
Corp. and Federated Global Research Corp.; President, Passport Research, Ltd.;
Trustee, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Services Company, and
Federated Shareholder Services; President or Vice President of the Funds;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of some of the Funds. Mr. Donahue
is the son of John F. Donahue, Chairman and Director of the Company.
Edward C. Gonzales
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 22, 1930
Executive Vice President
Vice Chairman, Treasurer, and Trustee, Federated Investors; Vice President,
Federated Advisers, Federated Management, Federated Research, Federated Research
Corp., Federated Global Research Corp. and Passport Research, Ltd.; Executive
Vice President and Director, Federated Securities Corp.; Trustee, Federated
Services Company; Chairman, Treasurer, and Trustee, Federated Administrative
Services; Trustee or Director of some of the Funds; President, Executive Vice
President and Treasurer of some of the Funds.
John W. McGonigle
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 26, 1938
Executive Vice President and Secretary
Executive Vice President, Secretary, General Counsel, and Trustee, Federated
Investors; Trustee, Federated Advisers, Federated Management, and Federated
Research; Director, Federated Research Corp. and Federated Global Research
Corp.; Trustee, Federated Services Company; Executive Vice President, Secretary,
and Trustee, Federated Administrative Services; President and Trustee, Federated
Shareholder Services; Director, Federated Securities Corp.; Executive Vice
President and Secretary of the Funds.
David M. Taylor
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: January 13, 1947
Treasurer
Senior Vice President, Controller, and Trustee, Federated Investors; Controller,
Federated Advisers, Federated Management, Federated Research, Federated Research
Corp., and Passport Research, Ltd.; Senior Vice President, Federated
Shareholder Services; Vice President, Federated Administrative Services;
Treasurer of some of the Funds.
* This Director is deemed to be an "interested person" as defined in the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
@ Member of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee of the Board of
Directors handles the responsibilities of the Board of Directors between
meetings of the Board.
As used in the table above, "The Funds" and "Funds" mean the following
investment companies: American Leaders Fund, Inc.; Annuity Management Series;
Arrow Funds; Automated Government Money Trust; Blanchard Funds; Blanchard
Precious Metals, Inc.; Cash Trust Series II; Cash Trust Series, Inc.; DG
Investor Series; Edward D. Jones & Co. Daily Passport Cash Trust; Federated ARMs
Fund; Federated Equity Funds; Federated Exchange Fund, Ltd.; Federated GNMA
Trust; Federated Government Trust; Federated High Yield Trust; Federated Income
Securities Trust; Federated Income Trust; Federated Index Trust; Federated
Institutional Trust; Federated Master Trust; Federated Municipal Trust;
Federated Short-Term Municipal Trust; Federated Short-Term U.S. Government
Trust; Federated Stock Trust; Federated Tax-Free Trust; Federated Total Return
Series, Inc.; Federated U.S. Government Bond Fund; Federated U.S. Government
Securities Fund: 1-3 Years; Federated U.S. Government Securities Fund: 3-5
Years; First Priority Funds; Fixed Income Securities, Inc.; Fortress Adjustable
Rate U.S. Government Fund, Inc.; Fortress Municipal Income Fund, Inc.; Fortress
Utility Fund, Inc.; Fund for U.S. Government Securities, Inc.; Government Income
Securities, Inc.; High Yield Cash Trust; Insurance Management Series;
Intermediate Municipal Trust; International Series, Inc.; Investment Series
Funds, Inc.; Investment Series Trust; Liberty Equity Income Fund, Inc.; Liberty
High Income Bond Fund, Inc.; Liberty Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.; Liberty
U.S. Government Money Market Trust; Liberty Term Trust, Inc. - 1999; Liberty
Utility Fund, Inc.; Liquid Cash Trust; Managed Series Trust; Money Market
Management, Inc.; Money Market Obligations Trust; Money Market Trust; Municipal
Securities Income Trust; Newpoint Funds; 111 Corcoran Funds; Peachtree Funds;
The Planters Funds; RIMCO Monument Funds; The Shawmut Funds; Star Funds; The
Starburst Funds; The Starburst Funds II; Stock and Bond Fund, Inc.; Sunburst
Funds; Targeted Duration Trust; Tax-Free Instruments Trust; Trademark Funds;
Trust for Financial Institutions; Trust For Government Cash Reserves; Trust for
Short-Term U.S. Government Securities; Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations; The
Virtus Funds; and World Investment Series, Inc.
FUND OWNERSHIP
Officers and Directors own less than 1% of the Fund's outstanding Shares.
DIRECTORS COMPENSATION
AGGREGATE
NAME , COMPENSATION
POSITION WITH FROM TOTAL COMPENSATION PAID
CORPORATION CORPORATION *# FROM FUND COMPLEX +
John F. Donahue $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
Chairman and Director 68 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Thomas G. Bigley $ 0 $20,688 for the Corporation and
Director 49 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
John T. Conroy, Jr. $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
William J. Copeland $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
James E. Dowd $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Lawrence D. Ellis, M.D. $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Richard B. Fisher $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
President and Director 8 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Edward L. Flaherty, Jr. $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Peter E. Madden $ 0 $90,563 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Gregor F. Meyer $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
John E. Murray, Jr. $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
Director 69 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Wesley W. Posvar $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Marjorie P. Smuts $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
*Information is furnished for the period from January 26, 1994 (organization
date of the Corporation) to November 30, 1994.
#The aggregate compensation is provided for the Corporation which was comprised
of 1 portfolio, as of
November 30, 1994.
+The information is provided for the last calendar year end.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
ADVISER TO THE FUND
The Fund's investment adviser is Federated Global Research Corp. (the
"Adviser"). It is a subsidiary of Federated Investors. All the voting securities
of Federated Investors are owned by a trust, the trustees of which are John F.
Donahue, his wife, and his son, J. Christopher Donahue.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Corporation, the Fund, or any shareholder
of the Fund for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or
sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or
omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or
reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the
Corporation.
ADVISORY FEES
For its advisory services, the Adviser receives an annual investment advisory
fee as described in each prospectus.
STATE EXPENSE LIMITATIONS
The Adviser has undertaken to comply with the expense limitations
established by certain states for investment companies whose shares are
registered for sale in those states. If the Fund's normal operating
expenses (including the investment advisory fee, but not including
brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, and extraordinary expenses) exceed
2-1/2% per year of the first $30 million of average net assets, 2% per year
of the next $70 million of average net assets, and 1-1/2% per year of the
remaining average net assets, the Adviser will reimburse the Fund for its
expenses over the limitation.
If the Fund's monthly projected operating expenses exceed this limitation,
the investment advisory fee paid will be reduced by the amount of the
excess, subject to an annual adjustment. If the expense limitation is
exceeded, the amount to be reimbursed by the Adviser will be limited, in
any single fiscal year, by the amount of the investment advisory fee.
This arrangement is not part of the advisory contract and may be amended or
rescinded in the future.
OTHER RELATED SERVICES
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic
equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the
purchase of shares of funds offered by Federated Securities Corp.
OTHER SERVICES
FUND ADMINISTRATION
Federated Administrative Services, a subsidiary of Federated Investors, provides
administrative personnel and services to the Fund for a fee as described in each
prospectus. Dr. Henry J. Gailliot, an officer of Federated Global Research
Corp., the Adviser to the Fund, holds approximately 20% of the outstanding
common stock and serves as a director of Commercial Data Services, Inc., a
company which provides computer processing services to Federated Administrative
Services.
CUSTODIAN
State Street Bank and Trust Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-
8600, is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund. Foreign instruments
purchased by the Fund are held by foreign banks participating in a network
coordinated by State Street Bank.
TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT
Federated Services Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600, is
transfer agent for the Shares of the Fund, and dividend disbursing agent for the
Fund. The fee paid to the transfer agent is based upon the size, type, and
number of accounts and transactions made by shareholders.
Federated Services Company also maintains the Fund's accounting records. The
fee paid for this service is based upon the level of the Fund's average net
assets for the period plus out-of-pocket expenses.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The independent auditors for the Fund are Ernst & Young LLP, One Oxford Centre,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The Adviser may select brokers and dealers who offer brokerage and research
services. These services may be furnished directly to the Fund or to the Adviser
and may include:
o advice as to the advisability of investing in securities;
o security analysis and reports;
o economic studies;
o industry studies;
o receipt of quotations for portfolio evaluations; and
o similar services.
The Adviser and its affiliates exercise reasonable business judgment in
selecting brokers who offer brokerage and research services to execute
securities transactions. They determine in good faith that commissions charged
by such persons are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research services provided.
Research services provided by brokers may be used by the Adviser or by
affiliates of Federated Investors in advising other accounts. To the extent that
receipt of these services may supplant services for which the Adviser or its
affiliates might otherwise have paid, it would tend to reduce their expenses.
Although investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of
the other accounts managed by the Adviser, investments of the type the Fund may
make may also be made by those other accounts. When the Fund and one or more
other accounts managed by the Adviser are prepared to invest in, or desire to
dispose of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales
will be allocated in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable to each.
In some cases, this procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by
the Fund or the size of the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. In
other cases, however, it is believed that coordination and the ability to
participate in volume transactions will be to the benefit of the Fund.
The Adviser may engage in other non-U.S. transactions that may have adverse
effects on the market for securities in the Fund's portfolio. The Adviser is
not obligated to obtain any material non-public ("inside") information about any
securities issuer, or to base purchase or sale recommendations on such
information.
PURCHASING SHARES
Except under certain circumstances described in each prospectus, Shares are sold
at their net asset value (plus a sales load on Class A Shares only) on days the
New York Stock Exchange is open for business. The procedure for purchasing
Shares is explained in each prospectus under "How To Purchase Shares."
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES AGREEMENT
These arrangements permit the payment of fees to financial institutions, the
distributor, and Federated Shareholder Services as appropriate, to stimulate
distribution activities and to cause services to be provided to shareholders by
a representative who has knowledge of the shareholder's particular circumstances
and goals. These activities and services may include, but are not limited to,
marketing efforts; providing office space, equipment, telephone facilities, and
various clerical, supervisory, computer, and other personnel as necessary or
beneficial to establish and maintain shareholder accounts and records;
processing purchase and redemption transactions and automatic investments of
client account cash balances; answering routine client inquiries; and assisting
clients in changing dividend options, account designations, and addresses.
By adopting the Distribution Plan, the Directors expect that the Class A Shares,
Class B Shares, and Class C Shares of the Fund will be able to achieve a more
predictable flow of cash for investment purposes and to meet redemptions. This
will facilitate more efficient portfolio management and assist the Fund in
pursuing its investment objectives. By identifying potential investors whose
needs are served by the Fund's objectives, and properly servicing these
accounts, it may be possible to curb sharp fluctuations in rates of redemptions
and sales.
Other benefits, which may be realized under either arrangement, may include: (1)
providing personal services to shareholders; (2) investing shareholder assets
with a minimum of delay and administrative detail; (3) enhancing shareholder
recordkeeping systems; and (4) responding promptly to shareholders' requests and
inquiries concerning their accounts.
CONVERSION TO FEDERAL FUNDS
It is the Fund's policy to be as fully invested as possible so that maximum
interest may be earned. To this end, all payments from shareholders must be in
federal funds or be converted into federal funds before shareholders begin to
earn dividends. Federated Services Company acts as the shareholder's agent in
depositing checks and converting them to federal funds.
PURCHASES BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES, DIRECTORS, AND EMPLOYEES OF THE FUND
Directors, employees, and sales representatives of the Fund, Federated Global
Research Corp., and Federated Securities Corp. or their affiliates, or any
investment dealer who has a sales agreement with Federated Securities Corp. and
their spouses and children under 21, may buy Class A Shares at net asset value
without a sales load. Shares may also be sold without a sales load to trusts or
pension or profit-sharing plans for these people.
These sales are made with the purchaser's written assurance that the purchase is
for investment purposes and that the securities will not be resold except
through redemption by the Fund.
DETERMINING NET ASSET VALUE
Net asset value generally changes each day. The days on which net asset value is
calculated by the Fund are described in each prospectus.
DETERMINING MARKET VALUE OF SECURITIES
Market values of the Fund's portfolio securities, other than options, are
determined as follows:
o for equity securities, according to the last sale price in the market in
which they are primarily traded (either a national securities exchange or
the over-the-counter market), if available;
o in the absence of recorded sales for equity securities, according to the
mean between the last closing bid and asked prices;
o for bonds and other fixed income securities, as determined by an
independent pricing service;
o for short-term obligations, according to the prices as furnished by an
independent pricing service, except that short-term obligations with
remaining maturities of less than 60 days at the time of purchase may be
valued at amortized cost; and
o for all other securities, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Directors.
Prices provided by independent pricing services may be determined without
relying exclusively on quoted prices and may consider: insititutional trading in
similar groups of securities, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of
issue, trading characteristics, and other market data.
The Fund will value futures contracts and options at their market values
established by the exchanges on which they are traded at the close of trading on
such exchanges unless the Directors determine in good faith that another method
of valuing such investments is necessary.
TRADING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES
Trading in foreign securities may be completed at times which vary from the
closing of the New York Stock Exchange. In computing the net asset value, the
Fund values foreign securities at the latest closing price on the exchange on
which they are traded immediately prior to the closing of the New York Stock
Exchange. Certain foreign currency exchange rates may also be determined at the
latest rate prior to the closing of the New York Stock Exchange. Foreign
securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at
current rates. Occasionally, events that affect these values and exchange rates
may occur between the times at which they are determined and the closing of the
New York Stock Exchange. If such events materially affect the value of
portfolio securities, these securities may be valued at their fair value as
determined in good faith by the Directors, although the actual calculation may
be done by others.
REDEEMING SHARES
The Fund redeems Shares at the next computed net asset value, less any
applicable contingent deferred sales charge, after the Fund receives the
redemption request. Redemption procedures are explained in each prospectus under
"How To Redeem Shares." Although the transfer agent does not charge for
telephone redemptions, it reserves the right to charge a fee for the cost of
wire-transferred redemptions of less than $5,000.
Class B Shares redeemed within six years of purchase and Class C Shares and
applicable Class A Shares redeemed within one year of purchase may be subject to
a contingent deferred sales charge. The amount of the contingent deferred sales
charge is based upon the amount of the administrative fee paid at the time of
purchase by the distributor to the financial institution for services rendered,
and the length of time the investor remains a shareholder in the Fund. Should
financial institutions elect to receive an amount less than the administrative
fee that is stated in the prospectus for servicing a particular shareholder, the
contingent deferred sales charge and/or holding period for that particular
shareholder will be reduced accordingly.
Since portfolio securities of the Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges which
trade on Saturdays or on holidays on which the Fund will not make redemptions,
the net asset value of each class of Shares of the Fund may be significantly
affected on days when shareholders do not have an opportunity to redeem their
Shares.
REDEMPTION IN KIND
Although the Corporation intends to redeem Shares in cash, it reserves the right
under certain circumstances to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a
distribution of securities from the respective Fund's portfolio. To the extent
available, such securities will be readily marketable.
The Corporation has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 of the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, under which the Corporation is obligated to
redeem Shares for any one shareholder in cash only up to the lesser of $250,000
or 1% of the respective class's net asset value during any 90-day period.
Any redemption beyond this amount will also be in cash unless the Directors
determine that payment should be in kind. In such a case, the Fund will pay all
or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio instruments, valued
in the same way as the Fund determines net asset value. The portfolio
instruments will be selected in a manner that the Directors deem fair and
equitable.
Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. If redemption is made
in kind, shareholders receiving their securities and selling them before their
maturity could receive less than the redemption value of their securities and
could incur certain transaction costs.
TAX STATUS
THE FUND'S TAX STATUS
The Fund will pay no federal income tax because it expects to meet the
requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,
applicable to regulated investment companies and to receive the special tax
treatment afforded to such companies. To qualify for this treatment, the Fund
must, among other requirements:
o derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, and gains
from the sale of securities;
o derive less than 30% of its gross income from the sale of securities held
less than three months;
o invest in securities within certain statutory limits; and
o distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its net income earned during
the year.
However, the Fund may invest in the stock of certain foreign corporations which
would constitute a Passive Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"). Federal income
taxes may be imposed on the Fund upon disposition of PFIC investments.
FOREIGN TAXES
Investment income on certain foreign securities in which the Fund may invest may
be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes that could reduce the return on
these securities. Tax treaties between the United States and foreign countries,
however, may reduce or eliminate the amount of foreign taxes to which the Fund
would be subject.
SHAREHOLDERS' TAX STATUS
Shareholders are subject to federal income tax on dividends and capital gains
received as cash or additional Shares. The Fund's dividends, and any short-term
capital gains, are taxable as ordinary income.
CAPITAL GAINS
Shareholders will pay federal tax at capital gains rates on long-term
capital gains distributed to them regardless of how long they have held the
Fund Shares.
TOTAL RETURN
The average annual total return for each class of Shares of the Fund is the
average compounded rate of return for a given period that would equate a $1,000
initial investment to the ending redeemable value of that investment. The ending
redeemable value is computed by multiplying the number of Shares owned at the
end of the period by the net asset value per share at the end of the period. The
number of Shares owned at the end of the period is based on the number of Shares
purchased at the beginning of the period with $1,000, less any applicable sales
load, adjusted over the period by any additional Shares, assuming the annual
reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge is deducted from the ending
value of the investment based on the lesser of the original purchase price or
the net asset value of Shares redeemed.
YIELD
The yield for each class of Shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the net
investment income per share (as defined by the Securities and Exchange
Commission) earned by any class of Shares over a thirty-day period by the
maximum offering price per share of the respective class on the last day of the
period. This value is annualized using semi-annual compounding. This means that
the amount of income generated during the thirty-day period is assumed to be
generated each month over a 12-month period and is reinvested every six months.
The yield does not necessarily reflect income actually earned by the Fund
because of certain adjustments required by the Securities and Exchange
Commission and, therefore, may not correlate to the dividends or other
distributions paid to the shareholders.
To the extent that financial institutions and broker/dealers charge fees in
connection with services provided in conjunction with an investment in any class
of Shares, the performance will be reduced for those shareholders paying those
fees.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS
The performance of each of the classes of Shares depends upon such variables as:
o portfolio quality;
o average portfolio maturity;
o type of instruments in which the portfolio is invested;
o changes in interest rates and market value of portfolio securities;
o changes in the Fund's or any class of Shares' expenses; and
o various other factors.
The Fund's performance fluctuates on a daily basis largely because net earnings
and offering price per Share fluctuate daily. Both net earnings and offering
price per Share are factors in the computation of yield and total return.
Investors may use financial publications and/or indices to obtain a more
complete view of the Fund's performance. When comparing performance, investors
should consider all relevant factors such as the composition of any index used,
prevailing market conditions, portfolio compositions of other funds, and methods
used to value portfolio securities and compute offering price. The financial
publications and/or indices which the Fund uses in advertising may include:
o STANDARD & POOR'S DAILY STOCK PRICE INDEX OF 500 COMMON STOCKS (S&P 500), a
composite index of common stocks in industry, transportation, and financial
and public utility companies, can be used to compare to the total returns
of funds whose portfolios are invested primarily in common stocks. In
addition, the S & P 500 assumes reinvestments of all dividends paid by
stocks listed on its index. Taxes due on any of these distributions are not
included, nor are brokerage or other fees calculated in the Standard &
Poor's figures.
o LIPPER ANALYTICAL SERVICES, INC., ranks funds in various fund categories by
making comparative calculations using total return. Total return assumes
the reinvestment of all capital gains distributions and income dividends
and takes into account any change in net asset value over a specified
period of time. From time to time, the Fund will quote its Lipper ranking
in the "European region funds" category in advertising and sales
literature.
o MORGAN STANLEY CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL WORLD INDICES, including, among
others, the Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australia, Far
East Index ("EAFE Index"). The EAFE Index is an unmanaged index of more
than 1,000 companies of Europe, Australia, and the Far East.
o IBBOTSON ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONAL BOND INDEX, which provides a detailed
breakdown of local market and currency returns since 1960.
o BEAR STEARNS FOREIGN BOND INDEX, which provides simple average returns for
individual countries and GNP-weighted index, beginning in 1975. The
returns are broken down by local market and currency.
o MORNINGSTAR, INC. , an independent rating service, is the publisher of the
bi-weekly Mutual Fund Values. Mutual Fund Values rates more than 1,000
NASDAQ-listed mutual funds of all types, according to their risk-adjusted
returns. The maximum rating is five stars, and ratings are effective for
two weeks.
From time to time, the Fund may quote information including but not limited to
data regarding: individual countries, regions, world stock exchanges, and
economic and demographic statistics from sources deemed reliable.
Advertisements and other sales literature for any class of Shares may quote
total returns which are calculated on non-standardized base periods. These total
returns also represent the historic change in the value of an investment in any
class of Shares based on annual reinvestment of dividends over a specified
period of time.
From time to time as it deems appropriate, the Fund may advertise the
performance of any class of Shares using charts, graphs, and descriptions,
compared to federally insured bank products including certificates of deposit
and time deposits and to money market funds using the Lipper Analytical Services
money market instruments average. In addition, advertising and sales literature
for the Fund may use charts and graphs to illustrate the principles of dollar-
cost averaging and may disclose the amount of dividends paid by the Fund over
certain periods of time.
Advertisements may quote performance information which does not reflect the
effect of the sales load on Class A Shares.
ABOUT FEDERATED INVESTORS
Federated Investors is dedicated to meeting investor needs which is reflected in
its investment decision making-structured, straightforward, and consistent.
This has resulted in a history of competitive performance with a range of
competitive investment products that have gained the confidence of thousands of
clients and their customers.
The company's disciplined security selection process is firmly rooted in sound
methodologies backed by fundamental and technical research. Investment
decisions are made and executed by teams of portfolio managers, analysts, and
traders dedicated to specific market sectors.
In the equity sector, Federated Investors has more than 25 years' experience.
As of December 31, 1994, Federated managed 15 equity funds totaling
approximately $4 billion in assets across growth, value, equity income,
international, index and sector (i.e. utility) styles. Federated's value-
oriented management style combines quantitative and qualitative analysis and
features a structured, computer-assisted composite modeling system that was
developed in the 1970s.
J. Thomas Madden, Executive Vice President, oversees Federated Investors' equity
and high yield corporate bond management while William D. Dawson, Executive Vice
President, oversees Federated Investors' domestic fixed income management.
Henry A. Frantzen, Executive Vice President, oversees the management of
Federated Investors' international portfolios.
MUTUAL FUND MARKET
Twenty-seven percent of American households are pursuing their financial goals
through mutual funds. These investors, as well as businesses and institutions,
have entrusted over $2 trillion to the more than 5,500 funds available.*
Federated Investors, through its subsidiaries, distributes mutual funds for a
variety of investment applications. Specific markets include:
INSTITUTIONAL
Federated Investors meets the needs of more than 4,000 institutional clients
nationwide by managing and servicing separate accounts and mutual funds for a
variety of applications, including defined benefit and defined contribution
programs, cash management, and asset/liability management. Institutional
clients include corporations, pension funds, tax-exempt entities,
foundations/endowments, insurance companies, and investment and financial
advisors. The marketing effort to these institutional clients is headed by
John B. Fisher, President, Institutional Sales Division.
TRUST ORGANIZATIONS
Other institutional clients include close relationships with more than 1,500
banks and trust organizations. Virtually all of the trust divisions of the top
100 bank holding companies use Federated funds in their clients' portfolios.
The marketing effort to trust clients is headed by Mark R. Gensheimer, Executive
Vice President, Bank Marketing & Sales.
BROKER/DEALERS AND BANK BROKER/DEALER SUBSIDIARIES
Federated funds are available to consumers through major brokerage firms
nationwide--including 200 New York Stock Exchange firms--supported by more
wholesalers than any other mutual fund distributor. The marketing effort to
these firms is headed by James F. Getz, President, Broker/Dealer Division.
*source: Investment Company Institute
APPENDIX
STANDARD AND POOR'S RATINGS GROUP LONG TERM DEBT RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's Ratings
Group. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA--Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
and differs from the higher rated issues only in small degree.
A--Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB--Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest
and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for
debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
BB--Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other
speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure
to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to
inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB
rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied BBB- rating.
B--Debt rated B has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the
capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business,
financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to
pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt
subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB-
rating.
CCC--Debt rated CCC has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and
is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet
timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the
capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also
used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied
B or B- rating.
CC--The rating CC typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that
is assigned an actual or implied CCC debt rating.
C--The rating C typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which
is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating. The C rating may be used to
cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service
payments are continued.
CI--The rating CI is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being
paid.
D--Debt rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when
interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the
applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's Ratings Group
believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating
also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service
payments are jeopardized.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. LONG TERM BOND RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Bonds which are rated AAA are judged to be of the best quality. They carry
the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt
edged". Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable
margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely
to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
fundamentally strong position of such issues.
AA--Bonds which are rated AA are judged to be of high quality by all standards.
Together with the AAA group, they comprise what are generally known as high
grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in AAA securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in AAA securities.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are
to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which
suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
BAA--Bonds which are rated BAA are considered as medium grade obligations,
(i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments
and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well.
BA--Bonds which are BA are judged to have speculative elements; their future
cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and
principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during
both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes
bonds in this class.
B--Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of
other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
CAA--Bonds which are rated CAA are of poor standing. Such issues may be in
default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or
interest.
CA--Bonds which are rated CA represent obligations which are speculative in a
high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked
shortcomings.
C--Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so
rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any
real investment standing.
FITCH INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. LONG-TERM DEBT RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality.
The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay
principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The
obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although
not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA
categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments,
short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
A--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The
obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be
strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and
circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
BBB--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality.
The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be
adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are
more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore, impair timely
payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below
investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.
BB--Bonds are considered speculative. The obligor's ability to pay interest and
repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However,
business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the
obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B--Bonds are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are
currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely
payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor's limited margin of
safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the
life of the issue.
CCC--Bonds have certain indentifiable characteristics which, if not remedied,
may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous
business and economic environment.
CC--Bonds are minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or
principal seems probable over time.
C--Bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal.
DDD, DD, AND D--Bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments.
Such bonds are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their
ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD
represents the highest potential for recovery on these bonds, and D represents
the lowest potential for recovery.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
PRIME-1--Issuers rated PRIME-1 (or related supporting institutions) have a
superior capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. PRIME-1
repayment capacity will normally be evidenced by the following characteristics:
- - Leading market positions in well established industries.
- - High rates of return on funds employed.
- - Conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample
asset protection.
- - Broad margins in earning coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal
cash generation.
- - Well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of
alternate liquidity.
PRIME-2--Issuers rated PRIME-2 (or related supporting institutions) have a
strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This will
normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser
degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject
to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be
more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
STANDARD AND POOR'S RATINGS GROUP COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
A-1--This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely
payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety
characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.
A-2--Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is
satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for
issues designated A-1.
FITCH INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. COMMERCIAL PAPER RATING DEFINITIONS
FITCH-1--(Highest Grade) Commercial paper assigned this rating is regarded as
having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
FITCH-2--(Very Good Grade) Issues assigned this rating reflect an assurance of
timely payment only slightly less in degree than the strongest issues.
G01469-03 (1/96)
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR
MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR
THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE
UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS
OF ANY SUCH STATE.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED JANUARY 17, 1996
FEDERATED INTERNATIONAL SMALL COMPANY FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
PROSPECTUS
The Class A Shares of Federated International Small Company Fund (the "Fund")
represent interests in a diversified portfolio of World Investment Series, Inc.
(the "Corporation"), an open-end management investment company (a mutual fund).
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income received from the portfolio is incidental. The Fund pursues its
investment objective by investing primarily in a professionally managed
portfolio of equity securities of small foreign companies.
THE CLASS A SHARES OFFERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF
ANY BANK, ARE NOT ENDORSED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY BANK, AND ARE NOT INSURED BY THE
FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER
GOVERNMENT AGENCY. INVESTMENT IN THESE CLASS A SHARES INVOLVES INVESTMENT RISKS,
INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF PRINCIPAL.
This prospectus contains the information you should read and know before you
invest in the Class A Shares of the Fund. Keep this prospectus for future
reference.
The Fund has also filed a Statement of Additional Information for Class A
Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares dated February 13, 1996, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. The information contained in the Statement
of Additional Information is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You
may request a copy of the Statement of Additional Information, or a paper copy
of this prospectus, if you have received your prospectus electronically, free of
charge by calling 1-800-235-4669. To obtain other information or to make
inquiries about the Fund, contact your financial institution.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
Prospectus dated February 13, 1996
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES 1
- ------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION 2
- ------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT INFORMATION 2
- ------------------------------------------------------
Investment Objective 2
Investment Policies 3
Investment Limitations 14
NET ASSET VALUE 14
- ------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES 14
- ------------------------------------------------------
What Shares Cost 15
Special Purchase Features 18
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE 18
- ------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES 19
- ------------------------------------------------------
Special Redemption Features 21
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge 21
Elimination of Contingent Deferred
Sales Charge 21
ACCOUNT AND SHARE INFORMATION 22
- ------------------------------------------------------
CORPORATION INFORMATION 23
- ------------------------------------------------------
Management of the Corporation 23
Distribution of Class A Shares 24
Administration of the Fund 25
Expenses of the Fund and
Class A Shares 26
Brokerage Transactions 26
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 26
- ------------------------------------------------------
Voting Rights 26
TAX INFORMATION 27
- ------------------------------------------------------
Federal Income Tax 27
State and Local Taxes 28
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION 28
- ------------------------------------------------------
OTHER CLASSES OF SHARES 29
- ------------------------------------------------------
ADDRESSES 30
- ------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
CLASS A SHARES
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION EXPENSES
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)....................... 5.50%
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Reinvested Dividends (as a percentage of offering price)............ None
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (as a percentage of original purchase price
or redemption proceeds, as applicable)(1)....................................................... 0.00%
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable)................................ None
Exchange Fee...................................................................................... None
ANNUAL OPERATING EXPENSES
(As a percentage of projected average net assets)*
Management Fee (after waiver)(2).................................................................. 0.47%
12b-1 Fee(3)...................................................................................... 0.00%
Total Other Expenses.............................................................................. 1.50%
Shareholder Services Fee............................................................. 0.25%
Total Operating Expenses(4)............................................................... 1.97%
</TABLE>
(1) Class A Shares purchased with the proceeds of a redemption of shares of an
unaffiliated investment company purchased or redeemed with a sales load and not
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. may be charged a contingent deferred
sales charge of 0.50% for redemptions made within one full year of purchase. See
"Contingent Deferred Sales Charge."
(2) The estimated management fee has been reduced to reflect the anticipated
voluntary waiver of a portion of the management fee. The adviser can terminate
this anticipated voluntary waiver at any time at its sole discretion. The
maximum management fee is 1.25%.
(3) Class A Shares has no present intention of paying or accruing the 12b-1 fee
during the fiscal year ending November 30, 1996. If the Class A Shares were
paying or accruing the 12b-1, the Class A Shares would be able to pay up to
0.25% of its average daily net assets for the 12b-1 fee. See "Corporation
Information."
(4) The operating expenses are estimated to be 2.75% absent the anticipated
voluntary waiver of a portion of the management fee.
* Total operating expenses in the table above are estimated based on average
expenses expected to be incurred during the period ending November 30, 1996.
During the course of this period, expenses may be more or less than the
average amount shown.
The purpose of this table is to assist an investor in understanding the
various costs and expenses that a shareholder of Class A Shares will bear,
either directly or indirectly. For more complete descriptions of the various
costs and expenses, see "What Shares Cost" and "Corporation Information."
Wire-transferred redemptions of less than $5,000 may be subject to additional
fees.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXAMPLE 1 year 3 years
------ -------
<S> <C> <C>
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming (1) 5% annual
return and (2) redemption at the end of each time period............................. $ 79 $ 113
You would pay the following expenses on the same investment, assuming no redemption.... $ 74 $ 113
</TABLE>
THE ABOVE EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR
FUTURE EXPENSES. ACTUAL EXPENSES MAY BE GREATER OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN. THIS
EXAMPLE IS BASED ON ESTIMATED DATA FOR CLASS A SHARES' FISCAL YEAR ENDING
NOVEMBER 30, 1996.
GENERAL INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Corporation was established under the laws of the State of Maryland on
January 25, 1994. The Corporation's address is Federated Investors Tower,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779. The Articles of Incorporation permit the
Corporation to offer separate series of shares representing interests in
separate portfolios of securities. As of the date of this prospectus, the Board
of Directors (the "Directors") has established three classes of shares for the
Fund, known as Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares. This
prospectus relates only to Class A Shares (the "Shares") of the Fund.
Shares of the Fund are designed for individuals and institutions seeking
long-term growth of capital by investing primarily in a portfolio of equity
securities of small foreign companies.
For information on how to purchase Shares of the Fund, please refer to "How to
Purchase Shares." The minimum initial investment for Class A Shares is $500.
However, the minimum initial investment for a retirement account is $50.
Subsequent investments must be in amounts of at least $100, except for
retirement plans which must be in amounts of at least $50.
In general, Class A Shares are sold at net asset value plus the applicable sales
load and are redeemed at net asset value. However, a contingent deferred sales
charge is imposed under certain circumstances. For a more complete description,
see "How to Redeem Shares."
In addition, the Fund pays a shareholder services fee at an annual rate not to
exceed 0.25% of average daily net assets.
Information regarding the exchange privilege offered with respect to the Fund
and certain other funds for which affiliates of Federated Investors serve as
investment adviser or principal underwriter (the "Federated Funds") can be found
under "Exchange Privilege."
Investors should be aware of the following general observations. The Fund may
make certain investments and employ certain investment techniques that involve
risks, including, but not limited to, investing in foreign securities, lending
portfolio securities, investing in restricted and illiquid securities, investing
in securities on a when-issued and delayed delivery basis, writing call options
and entering into repurchase agreements.
The Fund's current net asset value and offering price can be found in the mutual
funds section of local newspapers under "Federated Liberty Funds."
INVESTMENT INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income received from the portfolio is incidental. The investment objective
cannot be changed without approval of shareholders. While there is no assurance
that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by
following the investment policies described in this prospectus.
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in a
professionally managed and diversified portfolio of equity securities of small
foreign companies. Under normal market conditions, the Fund intends to invest at
least 65% of its total assets in equity securities of companies that have a
market capitalization at the time of purchase of $1.5 billion or less, where
market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the total number of
outstanding shares of common stock of the company by the market price of the
stock. The Fund applies a U.S. size standard on an international basis.
Therefore, a small company investment outside the U.S. might rank above the
lowest 20% by market capitalization in local markets and, in fact, might in some
countries rank among the largest companies in terms of capitalization. These
companies will be located in at least three foreign countries.
The Fund expects to diversify investments in markets outside of the United
States, including markets in Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Indian
sub-continent, the Middle East and Africa. The Fund may invest in regions other
than those defined above if, in the opinion of the Fund's investment adviser,
they offer opportunities to pursue the Fund's investment objective.
Unless indicated otherwise, the investment policies of the Fund may be changed
by the Directors without the approval of shareholders. Shareholders will be
notified before any material changes in these policies become effective.
SMALL CAPITALIZATION COMPANIES. Small capitalization companies are those
companies that have a market capitalization of $1.5 billion or less at the time
of purchase. Small capitalization companies are positioned for rapid growth in
revenues or earnings and assets, characteristics which may provide for
significant capital appreciation. Small companies often pay no dividends and
current income is not a factor in the selection of stocks. Smaller companies
often have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources, and they may
be dependent upon one or a few key people for management. (See "Risk
Considerations of Small Capitalization Companies").
The Fund has the flexibility to invest in any region of the world. It can invest
in companies based in emerging markets, typically in the Far East, Latin America
and Eastern Europe, as well as in firms operating in developed economies, such
as those of Canada, Japan and Western Europe. The Fund applies a U.S. size
standard on a global basis. Therefore, a small company investment outside the
U.S. might rank above the lowest 20% by market capitalization in local markets
and, in fact, might in some countries rank among the largest companies in terms
of capitalization.
ACCEPTABLE INVESTMENTS. The equity securities in which the Fund may invest
include common stock, preferred stock (either convertible or non-convertible),
sponsored or unsponsored depositary receipts or shares, and warrants, including
other substantially similar forms of equity with comparable risk characteristics
as well as other forms which may be developed in the future. Securities may be
purchased on securities exchanges, traded over-the-counter, or have no organized
market. The Fund may also purchase corporate and government fixed income
securities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars; enter into forward
commitments, repurchase agreements and foreign currency transactions; maintain
reserves in foreign or U.S. money market instruments and cash; and purchase
options and financial futures contracts.
COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK. Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company.
Generally, preferred stock has a specified dividend and ranks after bonds and
before common stocks in its claim on income for dividend payments and on assets
should the company be liquidated. After other claims are satisfied, common
stockholders participate in company profits on a pro rata basis; profits may be
paid out in dividends or reinvested in the company to help it grow. Increases
and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price, so
common stocks generally have the greatest appreciation and depreciation
potential of all corporate securities. While most preferred stocks pay a
dividend, the Fund may purchase preferred stock where the issuer has omitted, or
is in danger of omitting, payment of its dividend. Such investments would be
made primarily for their capital appreciation potential.
In selecting securities, the investment adviser typically evaluates industry
trends, a company's financial strength, its competitive position in domestic and
export markets, technology, recent developments and profitability, together with
overall growth prospects. Other considerations generally include quality and
depth of management, government regulation, and availability and cost of labor
and raw materials. Investment decisions are made without regard to arbitrary
criteria as to minimum asset size, debt-equity ratios or dividend history of
portfolio companies.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. The Fund may invest in foreign issuers by purchasing
sponsored or unsponsored securities representing underlying international
securities such as American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), American Depositary
Shares ("ADSs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global Depositary
Receipts ("GDRs"), Global Depositary Certificates ("GDCs"), International
Depositary Receipts ("IDRs"), and Russian Depositary Certificates ("RDCs") or
securities convertible into foreign equity securities. ADRs and ADSs typically
are issued by a United States bank or trust company and evidence ownership of
underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes
referred to as Continental Depositary Receipts ("CDRs"), GDRs, GDCs, IDRs and
RDCs are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although they
also may be issued by United States banks or trust companies, and evidence
ownership of underlying securities issued by either a foreign or a United States
corporation. ADRs, ADSs, CDRs, EDRs, GDRs, GDCs, IDRs, and RDCs are collectively
known as "Depositary Receipts." Depositary Receipts may be available for
investment through "sponsored" or "unsponsored" facilities. A sponsored facility
is established jointly by the issuer of the security underlying the receipt and
a depositary, whereas an unsponsored facility may be established by a depositary
without participation by the issuer of the receipt's underlying security.
Holders of an unsponsored Depositary Receipt generally bear all the costs of the
unsponsored facility. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is
under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the
issuer of the deposited security or to pass through to the holders of the
receipts voting rights with respect to the deposited securities.
DEBT SECURITIES. In pursuit of the Fund's objective of long-term growth of
capital, the Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in debt securities.
Capital appreciation in debt securities may arise as a result of favorable
changes in the creditworthiness of issuers, relative interest rate levels, or
relative foreign exchange rates. Any income received from debt securities will
be incidental to the Fund's objective of long-term growth of capital. These debt
obligations consist of U.S. and foreign government securities and corporate debt
securities, including, but not limited to, Samurai and Yankee bonds,
Eurobonds and depositary receipts. The issuers of such debt securities may or
may not be domiciled in emerging countries.
The debt securities in which the Fund may invest may be rated, at the time of
purchase, BB or lower by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("S&P") or Fitch
Investors Service ("Fitch") or Ba or lower by Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
("Moody's"), or, if unrated, are of comparable quality as determined by the
investment adviser. The prices of fixed income securities generally fluctuate
inversely to the direction of interest rates.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in convertible securities rated, at
the time of purchase, BB or lower by S&P or Fitch or Ba or lower by Moody's, or,
if unrated, are of comparable quality as determined by the investment adviser.
(If a security's rating is reduced below the required minimum after the Fund has
purchased it, the Fund is not required to sell the security, but may consider
doing so.)
Convertible securities are fixed income securities which may be exchanged or
converted into a predetermined number of the issuer's underlying common stock at
the option of the holder during a specified time period. Convertible securities
may take the form of convertible bonds, convertible preferred stock or
debentures, units consisting of "usable" bonds and warrants or a combination of
the features of several of these securities. The investment characteristics of
each convertible security vary widely, which allows convertible securities to be
employed for a variety of different investment strategies. In selecting a
convertible security, the investment adviser evaluates the investment
characteristics of the convertible security as a fixed income investment, and
the investment potential of the underlying security for capital appreciation.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES. Due to restrictions on
direct investment by foreign entities in certain foreign countries, investments
in other investment companies may be the most practical or only manner in which
the Fund can participate in the securities markets of such countries. The Fund
may also invest in other investment companies for the purpose of investing its
short term cash on a temporary basis. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total
assets in the securities of other investment companies. To the extent that the
Fund invests in securities issued by other investment companies, the Fund will
indirectly bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses paid by such
companies, in addition to the fees and expenses payable directly by the Fund.
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in restricted
securities. Restricted securities are any securities in which the Fund may
otherwise invest pursuant to its investment objective and policies but which are
subject to restrictions on resale under federal securities law. Restricted
securities may be issued by new and early stage companies which may include a
high degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial
losses. As a result of the absence of a public trading market for these
securities, they may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although
these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices
realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by the Fund,
or less than what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Further,
companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the
disclosure and other investor protection requirements which might be applicable
if their securities were publicly traded. If such securities are required to be
registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being
resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expense of registration. The Fund
will limit investments in illiquid securities, including certain restricted
securities not determined
by the Directors to be liquid, over-the counter options, swap agreements not
determined to be liquid, and repurchase agreements providing for settlement in
more than seven days after notice, to 15% of its net assets.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may invest in repurchase agreements. Repurchase
agreements are arrangements by which the Fund purchases a security for cash and
obtains a simultaneous commitment from the seller (usually a bank or
broker/dealer) to repurchase the security at an agreed-upon price and specified
future date. The repurchase price reflects an agreed-upon interest rate for the
time period of the agreement. The Fund's risk is the inability of the seller to
pay the agreed-upon price on the delivery date. However, this risk is tempered
by the ability of the Fund to sell the security in the open market in the case
of a default. In such a case, the Fund may incur costs in disposing of the
security which would increase Fund expenses. The investment adviser will monitor
the creditworthiness of the firms with which the Fund enters into repurchase
agreements.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase securities
on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. These transactions are arrangements
in which the Fund purchases securities with payment and delivery scheduled for
different times in the future. The seller's failure to complete these
transactions may cause the Fund to miss a price or yield considered to be
advantageous. Settlement dates may be a month or more after entering into these
transactions, and the market values of the securities purchased may vary from
the purchase prices. Accordingly, the Fund may pay more or less than the market
value of the securities on the settlement date.
The Fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if the investment
adviser deems it appropriate to do so. In addition, the Fund may enter into
transactions to sell its purchase commitments to third parties at current market
values and simultaneously acquire other commitments to purchase similar
securities at later dates. The Fund may realize short-term profits or losses
upon the sale of such commitments.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. In order to generate additional income, the
Fund may lend portfolio securities on a short-term or long-term basis, to
broker/dealers, banks, or other institutional borrowers of securities. The Fund
will only enter into loan arrangements with broker/dealers, banks, or other
institutions which the investment adviser has determined are creditworthy under
guidelines established by the Directors and will receive collateral in the form
of cash or U.S. government securities equal to at least 100% of the value of the
securities loaned at all times.
There is the risk that when lending portfolio securities, the securities may not
be available to the Fund on a timely basis and the Fund may, therefore, lose the
opportunity to sell the securities at a desirable price. In addition, in the
event that a borrower of securities would file for bankruptcy or become
insolvent, disposition of the securities may be delayed pending court action.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS. For temporary defensive purposes, when the investment
adviser determines that market conditions warrant (up to 100% of total assets)
and to maintain liquidity (up to 35% of total assets), the Fund may invest in
U.S. and foreign debt instruments as well as cash or cash equivalents, including
foreign and domestic money market instruments, short-term government and
corporate obligations, and repurchase agreements.
FORWARD COMMITMENTS. Forward commitments are contracts to purchase securities
for a fixed price at a date beyond customary settlement time. The Fund may enter
into these contracts if liquid securities in amounts sufficient to meet the
purchase price are segregated on the Fund's records at the trade date and
maintained until the transaction has been settled. Risk is involved if the value
of the security declines before settlement. Although the Fund enters into
forward commitments with the intention of acquiring the security, it may dispose
of the commitment prior to settlement and realize short-term profit or loss.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. The Fund will enter into foreign currency
transactions to obtain the necessary currencies to settle securities
transactions. Currency transactions may be conducted either on a spot or cash
basis at prevailing rates or through forward foreign currency exchange
contracts.
The Fund may also enter into foreign currency transactions to protect Fund
assets against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates or exchange
control regulations. Such changes could unfavorably affect the value of Fund
assets which are denominated in foreign currencies, such as foreign securities
or funds deposited in foreign banks, as measured in U.S. dollars. Although
foreign currency exchanges may be used by the Fund to protect against a decline
in the value of one or more currencies, such efforts may also limit any
potential gain that might result from a relative increase in the value of such
currencies and might, in certain cases, result in losses to the Fund. Further,
the Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the
relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations.
Cross-hedging transactions by the Fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation
between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions
relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability that
is the subject of the hedge.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS. A forward foreign currency exchange
contract ("forward contract") is an obligation to purchase or sell an amount of
a particular currency at a specific price and on a future date agreed upon by
the parties.
Generally, no commission charges or deposits are involved. At the time the Fund
enters into a forward contract, Fund assets with a value equal to the Fund's
obligation under the forward contract are segregated and are maintained until
the contract has been settled. The Fund will not enter into a forward contract
with a term of more than one year. The Fund will generally enter into a forward
contract to provide the proper currency to settle a securities transaction at
the time the transaction occurs ("trade date"). The period between trade date
and settlement date will vary between 24 hours and 60 days, depending upon local
custom.
The Fund may also protect against the decline of a particular foreign currency
by entering into a forward contract to sell an amount of that currency
approximating the value of all or a portion of the Fund's assets denominated in
that currency ("hedging"). The success of this type of short-term hedging
strategy is highly uncertain due to the difficulties of predicting short-term
currency market movements and of precisely matching forward contract amounts and
the constantly changing value of the securities involved. Although the
investment adviser will consider the likelihood of changes in currency values
when making investment decisions, the investment adviser believes that it is
important to be able to enter into forward contracts when it believes the
interests of the Fund will be served. The Fund will not enter into forward
contracts for hedging purposes in a particular currency in an amount in excess
of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency at the time the
contract was
initiated, but as consistent with their other investment policies and as not
otherwise limited in their ability to use this strategy.
OPTIONS. The Fund may deal in options on foreign currencies, securities, and
securities indices, and on futures contracts involving these items, which
options may be listed for trading on an international securities exchange or
traded over-the-counter. The Fund may use options to manage interest rate and
currency risks. The Fund may also write covered call options and secured put
options to generate income or lock in gains. The Fund may write covered call
options and secured put options on up to 25% of its net assets and may purchase
put and call options provided that no more than 5% of the fair market value of
its net assets may be invested in premiums on such options.
A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and the writer the
obligation to sell, the underlying currency, security or other asset at the
exercise price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the
right to sell, and the writer the obligation to buy, the underlying currency,
security or other asset at the exercise price during the option period. The
writer of a covered call owns assets that are acceptable for escrow, and the
writer of a secured put invests an amount not less than the exercise price in
eligible assets to the extent that it is obligated as a writer. If a call
written by the Fund is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an
increase in the market price of the underlying asset over the exercise price
plus the premium received. In writing puts, there is the risk that the Fund may
be required to take delivery of the underlying asset at a disadvantageous price.
Over-the-counter options ("OTC options") differ from exchange traded options in
several respects. They are transacted directly with dealers and not with a
clearing corporation, and there is a risk of nonperformance by the dealer as a
result of the insolvency of such dealer or otherwise, in which event the Fund
may experience material losses. However, in writing options, the premium is paid
in advance by the dealer. OTC options, which may not be continuously liquid, are
available for a greater variety of assets, and with a wider range of expiration
dates and exercise prices, than are exchange traded options.
It is not certain that a secondary market for positions in options, or futures
contracts (see below), will exist at all times. Although the investment adviser
will consider liquidity before entering into these transactions, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist
for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. The Fund's
ability to establish and close out futures and options positions depends on this
secondary market.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES. The Fund may enter into futures contracts
involving foreign currency, securities, and securities indices, or options
thereon, for bona fide hedging purposes. The Fund may also enter into such
futures contracts or related options for purposes other than bona fide hedging
if the aggregate amount of initial margin deposits exclusive of the margin
needed for foreign currency hedging, on the Fund's futures and related options
positions would not exceed 5% of the net liquidation value of the Fund's assets,
provided further that in the case of an option that is in-the-money at the time
of the purchase, the in-the-money amount may be excluded in calculating the 5%
limitation. In addition, the Fund may not sell futures contracts if the value of
such futures contracts exceeds the total market value of the Fund's portfolio
securities. Futures contracts and options thereon sold by the Fund are generally
subject to segregation and coverage requirements established by either the
Commodities Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") or the Securities and Exchange
Commission ("SEC"), with the result that, if the Fund does not hold the
instrument underlying the futures contract or option, the Fund
will be required to segregate on an ongoing basis with its custodian cash, U.S.
government securities, or other liquid high grade debt obligations in an amount
at least equal to the Fund's obligations with respect to such instruments.
The Fund may enter into securities index futures contracts and purchase and
write put and call options on securities index futures contracts that are traded
on regulated exchanges, including non-U.S. exchanges, to the extent permitted by
the CFTC. Securities index futures contracts are based on indexes that reflect
the market value of securities of the firms included in the indexes. An index
futures contract is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or
make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the differences between the value of
the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at
which the index contract was originally written.
The Fund may enter into securities index futures contracts to sell a securities
index in anticipation of or during a market decline to attempt to offset the
decrease in market value of securities in its portfolio that might otherwise
result. When the Fund is not fully invested and anticipates a significant market
advance, it may enter into futures contracts to purchase the index in order to
gain rapid market exposure that may in part or entirely offset increases in the
cost of securities that it intends to purchase. In many of these transactions,
the Fund will purchase such securities upon termination of the futures position
but, depending on market conditions, a futures position may be terminated
without the corresponding purchases of common stock. The Fund may also invest in
securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser believes such
investment is more efficient, liquid, or cost-effective than investing directly
in the securities underlying the index.
An option on a securities index futures contract gives the purchaser the right,
in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a securities index
futures contract. The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on
securities index futures contracts in order to hedge all or a portion of its
investment and may enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to
written options in order to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee
that such closing transactions can be effected. The Fund may also invest in
options on securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser
believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than
investing directly in the futures contract or in the securities underlying the
index, or when the futures contract or underlying securities are not available
for investment upon favorable terms.
The use of futures and related options involves special consideration and risks,
for example, (1) the ability of the Fund to utilize futures successfully will
depend on the investment adviser's ability to predict pertinent market
movements; (2) there might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation,
between the change in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the
prices of the futures and options thereon relating to the securities purchased
or sold by the Fund. The use of futures and related options may reduce risk of
loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price
movements but they can also reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the
positive effect of favorable price movements in positions. No assurance can be
given that the investment adviser's judgment in this respect will be correct.
It is not certain that a secondary market for positions in futures contracts or
for options will exist at all times. Although the investment adviser will
consider liquidity before entering into these transactions, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist
for any
particular futures contract or option at any particular time. The Fund's ability
to establish and close out futures and options positions depends on this
secondary market.
New futures contracts, options thereon, and other financial products and risk
management techniques continue to be developed. The Fund may use these
investments and techniques to the extent consistent with its investment
objective and regulatory and federal tax considerations.
SWAP AGREEMENTS. As one way of managing its exposure to different types of
investments, the Fund may enter into interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and
other types of swap agreements such as caps, collars, and floors. Depending on
how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall
volatility of the Fund's investments, its share price and yield.
Swap agreements are sophisticated hedging instruments that typically involve a
small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of risks assumed. As a
result, swaps can be highly volatile and may have a considerable impact on the
Fund's performance. Swap agreements are subject to risks related to the
counterparty's ability to perform, and may decline in value if the
counterparty's creditworthiness deteriorates. The Fund may also suffer losses if
it is unable to terminate outstanding swap agreements to reduce its exposure
through offsetting transactions. When the Fund enters into a swap agreement,
assets of the Fund equal to the value of the swap agreement will be segregated
by the Fund.
RISK CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investing in non-U.S. securities
carries substantial risks in addition to those associated with domestic
investments. In an attempt to reduce some of these risks, the Fund intends to
diversify its investments broadly among foreign countries which may include both
developed and developing countries.
The Fund may take advantage of the unusual opportunities for higher returns
available from investing in developing countries. These investments carry
considerably more volatility and risk because they generally are associated with
less mature economies and less stable political systems.
The economies of foreign countries may differ from the U.S. economy in such
respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency
depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of
payments position. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are
heavily dependent on international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may
continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed
adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures
imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies
also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic
conditions in the countries with which they trade.
Prior governmental approval for foreign investments may be required under
certain circumstances in some countries, and the extent of foreign investment in
certain debt securities and domestic companies may be subject to limitation.
Foreign ownership limitations also may be imposed by the charters of individual
companies to prevent, among other concerns, violation of foreign investment
limitations.
Repatriation of investment income, capital, and the proceeds of sales by foreign
investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some
countries. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to
grant, any required governmental registration or approval for such repatriation.
Any investment subject to such repatriation controls will be considered illiquid
if it appears reasonably likely that this process will take more than seven
days.
With respect to any foreign country, there is the possibility of
nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political changes,
governmental regulation, social instability or diplomatic developments
(including war) which could affect adversely the economies of such countries or
the value of the Fund's investments in those countries. In addition, it may be
difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in a court outside of the United
States.
Brokerage commissions, custodial services, and other costs relating to
investment may be more expensive than in the United States. Foreign markets may
have different clearance and settlement procedures such as requiring payment for
securities before delivery. In certain markets there have been times when
settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities
transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. The inability of
the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could
cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose
of a portfolio security due to settlement problems could result either in losses
to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio security or, if
the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in
possible liability to the purchaser.
CURRENCY RISKS. Because the majority of securities purchased by the Fund
are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, changes in
foreign currency exchange rates will affect the Fund's net asset value; the
value of interest earned; gains and losses realized on the sale of
securities; and net investment income and capital gain, if any, to be
distributed to shareholders by the Fund. If the value of a foreign currency
rises against the U.S. dollar, the value of Fund assets denominated in the
currency will increase; correspondingly, if the value of a foreign currency
declines against the U.S. dollar the value of Fund assets denominated in
that currency will decrease. Under the United States Internal Revenue Code,
as amended (the "Code"), the Fund is required to separately account for the
foreign currency component of gains or losses, which will usually be viewed
under the Code as items of ordinary and distributable income or loss, thus
affecting the Fund's distributable income. (See "Federal Income Tax").
The exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies are a
function of such factors as supply and demand in the currency exchange
markets, international balances of payments, governmental intervention,
speculation and other economic and political conditions. Although the Fund
values its assets daily in U.S. dollars, the Fund will not convert its
holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars daily. When the Fund
converts its holdings to another currency, it may incur conversion costs.
Foreign exchange dealers may realize a profit on the difference between the
price at which they buy and sell currencies.
FOREIGN COMPANIES. Other differences between investing in foreign and U.S.
companies include:
- less publicly available information about foreign issuers;
- credit risks associated with certain foreign governments;
- the lack of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting
standards and practices or regulatory requirements comparable to those
applicable to U.S. companies;
- less readily available market quotations on foreign issues;
- differences in government regulation and supervision of foreign stock
exchanges, brokers, listed companies, and banks;
- differences in legal systems which may affect the ability to enforce
contractual obligations or obtain court judgments;
- the limited size of many foreign securities markets and limited
trading volume in issuers compared to the volume of trading in U.S.
securities could cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from
factors that affect the quality of securities;
- the likelihood that securities of foreign issuers may be less liquid
or more volatile;
- foreign brokerage commissions may be higher;
- unreliable mail service between countries;
- political or financial changes which adversely affect investments in
some countries;
- increased risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or
loss of certificates for portfolio securities;
- certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery;
- religious and ethnic instability; and
- certain national policies which may restrict the Fund's investment
opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or
industries deemed sensitive to national interests.
U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICIES. In the past, U.S. government policies have
discouraged or restricted certain investments abroad by investors such as
the Fund. Investors are advised that when such policies are instituted, the
Fund will abide by them.
RISK CONSIDERATIONS OF SMALL CAPITALIZATION COMPANIES. There is typically less
publicly available information concerning foreign and smaller companies than for
domestic and larger, more established companies. Some small companies have
limited product lines, distribution channels and financial and managerial
resources. Also, because smaller companies normally have fewer shares
outstanding than larger companies and trade less frequently, it may be more
difficult for the Fund to buy and sell significant amounts of such shares
without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices. Some of the companies
in which the Fund may invest may distribute, sell or produce products which have
recently been brought to market and may be dependent on key personnel with
varying degrees of experience.
As with other mutual funds that invest primarily in equity securities, the Fund
is subject to market risks. That is, the possibility exists that common stocks
will decline over short or even extended periods of time. However, because the
Fund invests primarily in small capitalization stocks, there are some additional
risks factors associated with investments in the Fund. In particular, stocks in
the small capitalization sector may be more volatile in price than larger
capitalization stocks. This is because, among other things, small companies have
less certain growth prospects than larger companies; have a lower degree of
liquidity in the equity market; and tend to have a greater sensitivity to
changing economic conditions. Further, in addition to exhibiting greater
volatility, the stocks of small companies may, to some degree, fluctuate
independently of the stocks of large companies. That is, the stocks of small
companies may decline in price as the prices of large company stocks rise or
vice versa. Therefore, investors should expect that the Fund will be more
volatile than, and may fluctuate independently of broad stock market indices.
RISK CONSIDERATIONS IN EMERGING MARKETS. Investing in securities of issuers in
emerging market countries involves exposure to significantly higher risk than
investing in countries with developed markets. Emerging market countries may
have economic structures that are generally less diverse and mature and
political systems that can be expected to be less stable than those of developed
countries.
Securities prices in emerging market countries can be significantly more
volatile than in developed countries, reflecting the greater uncertainties of
investing in lesser developed markets and economies. In particular, emerging
market countries may have relatively unstable governments, and may present the
risk of nationalization of businesses, expropriation, confiscatory taxation or,
in certain instances, reversion to closed market, centrally planned economies.
Such countries may also have restrictions on foreign ownership or prohibitions
on the repatriation of assets, and may have less protection of property rights
than developed countries.
The economies of emerging market countries may be predominantly based on only a
few industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities or on
international aid or development assistance, may be highly vulnerable to changes
in local or global trade conditions, and may suffer from extreme and volatile
debt burdens or inflation rates. In addition, securities markets in emerging
market countries may trade a small number of securities and may be unable to
respond effectively to increases in trading volume, potentially resulting in a
lack of liquidity and in volatility in the price of securities traded on those
markets. Also, securities markets in emerging market countries typically offer
less regulatory protection for investors.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO INVESTING IN HIGH YIELD SECURITIES. The debt securities
in which the Fund invests are usually not in the three highest rating categories
of a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (AAA, AA, or A for
S&P or Fitch and Aaa, Aa, or A for Moody's), but are in the lower rating
categories or are unrated, but are of comparable quality and have speculative
characteristics or are speculative. Lower-rated bonds or unrated bonds are
commonly referred to as "junk bonds." There is no minimal acceptable rating for
a security to be purchased or held in the Fund's portfolio, and the Fund may,
from time to time, purchase or hold debt securities rated in the lowest rating
category. A description of the rating categories is contained in the Appendix to
the Statement of Additional Information.
Debt obligations that are not determined to be investment grade are high-yield,
high-risk bonds, typically subject to greater market fluctuations and greater
risk of loss of income and principal due to an issuer's default. To a greater
extent than investment grade bonds, lower-rated bonds tend to reflect short-term
corporate, economic, and market developments, as well as investor perceptions of
the issuer's credit quality. In addition, lower-rated bonds may be more
difficult to dispose of or to value than higher-rated, lower-yielding bonds.
The Fund's investment adviser attempts to reduce the risks described above
through diversification of the portfolio and by credit analysis of each issuer
as well as by monitoring broad economic trends and corporate and legislative
developments.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The Fund will not:
- borrow money directly or through reverse repurchase agreements
(arrangements in which the Fund sells a portfolio instrument for a
percentage of its cash value with an agreement to buy it back on a set
date) or pledge securities except, under certain circumstances, the Fund
may borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets and pledge
its assets to secure such borrowings; or
- with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of the value
of its total assets in securities of any one issuer (other than cash,
cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government and
its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities) or acquire more than 10% of the
outstanding voting securities of any one issuer.
The above investment limitations cannot be changed without shareholder approval.
NET ASSET VALUE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund's net asset value per Share fluctuates. The net asset value for Shares
is determined by adding the interest of Class A Shares in the market value of
all securities and other assets of the Fund, subtracting the interest of Class A
Shares in the liabilities of the Fund and those attributable to Class A Shares,
and dividing the remainder by the total number of Class A Shares outstanding.
The net asset value for Class A Shares may differ from that of Class B Shares
and Class C Shares due to the variance in daily net income realized by each
class. Such variance will reflect only accrued net income to which the
shareholders of a particular class are entitled.
The net asset value is determined as of the close of trading (normally 4:00
p.m., Eastern time) on the New York Stock Exchange, Monday through Friday,
except on: (i) days on which there are not sufficient changes in the value of
the Fund's portfolio securities that its net asset value might be materially
affected; (ii) days during which no Shares are tendered for redemption and no
orders to purchase Shares are received; or (iii) the following holidays: New
Year's Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor
Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares of the Fund are sold on days on which the New York Stock Exchange is
open. Shares of the Fund may be purchased as described below, either through a
financial institution (such as a bank or broker/dealer which has a sales
agreement with the distributor) or by wire or by check directly to the Fund,
with a minimum initial investment of $500. Additional investments can be made
for as little as $100. The minimum initial and subsequent investment for
retirement plans is only $50. (Financial institutions may impose different
minimum investment requirements on their customers.)
In connection with any sale, Federated Securities Corp. may from time to time
offer certain items of nominal value to any shareholder or investor. The Fund
reserves the right to reject any purchase
request. An account must be established at a financial institution or by
completing, signing, and returning the new account form available from the Fund
before Shares can be purchased.
WHAT SHARES COST
Shares are sold at their net asset value next determined after an order is
received, plus a sales load as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SALES LOAD AS DEALER
SALES LOAD AS A PERCENTAGE CONCESSION
A PERCENTAGE OF NET AS A PERCENTAGE
OF OFFERING AMOUNT OF PUBLIC
AMOUNT OF TRANSACTION PRICE INVESTED OFFERING PRICE
- ------------------------------------------ ------------- ------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Less than $50,000......................... 5.50% 5.82% 5.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000............ 4.50% 4.71% 4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000........... 3.75% 3.90% 3.25%
$250,000 but less than $500,000........... 2.50% 2.56% 2.25%
$500,000 but less than $1 million......... 2.00% 2.04% 1.80%
$1 million or greater..................... 0.00% 0.00% 0.25%*
</TABLE>
* See sub-section entitled "Dealer Concession."
No sales load is imposed for Shares purchased through bank trust departments,
investment advisers registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as
amended, or retirement plans where the third party administrator has entered
into certain arrangements with Federated Securities Corp. or its affiliates, or
to shareholders designated as Liberty Life Members. However, investors who
purchase Shares through a trust department, investment adviser, or retirement
plan may be charged an additional service fee by the institution. Additionally,
no sales load is imposed for Shares purchased through "wrap accounts" or similar
programs, under which clients pay a fee or fees for services.
DEALER CONCESSION. For sales of Shares, a dealer will normally receive up to 90%
of the applicable sales load. Any portion of the sales load which is not paid to
a dealer will be retained by the distributor. However, the distributor may offer
to pay dealers up to 100% of the sales load retained by it. Such payments may
take the form of cash or promotional incentives, such as reimbursement of
certain expenses of qualified employees and their spouses to attend
informational meetings about the Fund or other special events at
recreational-type facilities, or items of material value. In some instances,
these incentives will be made available only to dealers whose employees have
sold or may sell a significant amount of Shares. On purchases of $1 million or
more, the investor pays no sales load; however, the distributor will make twelve
monthly payments to the dealer totaling 0.25% of the public offering price over
the first year following the purchase. Such payments are based on the original
purchase price of Shares outstanding at each month end.
The sales load for Shares sold other than through registered broker/dealers will
be retained by Federated Securities Corp. Federated Securities Corp. may pay
fees to banks out of the sales load in exchange for sales and/or administrative
services performed on behalf of the bank's customers in connection with the
initiation of customer accounts and purchases of Shares.
REDUCING OR ELIMINATING THE SALES LOAD. The sales load can be reduced or
eliminated on the purchase of Shares through:
- quantity discounts and accumulated purchases;
- concurrent purchases;
- signing a 13-month letter of intent;
- using the reinvestment privilege; or
- purchases with proceeds from redemptions of unaffiliated investment
company shares.
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AND ACCUMULATED PURCHASES. As shown in the table above,
larger purchases reduce the sales load paid. The Fund will combine purchases of
Shares made on the same day by the investor, the investor's spouse, and the
investor's children under age 21 when it calculates the sales load. In addition,
the sales load, if applicable, is reduced for purchases made at one time by a
trustee or fiduciary for a single trust estate or a single fiduciary account.
If an additional purchase of Shares is made, the Fund will consider the previous
purchases still invested in the Fund. For example, if a shareholder already owns
Shares having a current value at the public offering price of $30,000 and he
purchases $20,000 more at the current public offering price, the sales load on
the additional purchase according to the schedule now in effect would be 4.50%,
not 5.50%.
To receive the sales load reduction, Federated Securities Corp. must be notified
by the shareholder in writing or by his financial institution at the time the
purchase is made that Shares are already owned or that purchases are being
combined. The Fund will reduce the sales load after it confirms the purchases.
CONCURRENT PURCHASES. For purposes of qualifying for a sales load reduction, a
shareholder has the privilege of combining concurrent purchases of two or more
funds in the Federated Funds, the purchase price of which includes a sales load.
For example, if a shareholder concurrently invested $30,000 in one of the other
funds in the Federated Funds with a sales load, and $20,000 in this Fund, the
sales load would be reduced.
To receive this sales load reduction, Federated Securities Corp. must be
notified by the shareholder in writing or by his financial institution at the
time the concurrent purchases are made. The Fund will reduce the sales load
after it confirms the purchases.
LETTER OF INTENT. If a shareholder intends to purchase at least $50,000 of
shares of the funds in the Federated Funds (excluding money market funds) over
the next 13 months, the sales load may be reduced by signing a letter of intent
to that effect. This letter of intent includes a provision for a sales load
adjustment depending on the amount actually purchased within the 13-month period
and a provision for the custodian to hold up to 5.50% of the total amount
intended to be purchased in escrow (in Shares) until such purchase is completed.
The Shares held in escrow in the shareholder's account will be released upon
fulfillment of the letter of intent or the end of the 13-month period, whichever
comes first. If the amount specified in the letter of intent is not purchased,
an appropriate number of escrowed Shares may be redeemed in order to realize the
difference in the sales load.
While this letter of intent will not obligate the shareholder to purchase
Shares, each purchase during the period will be at the sales load applicable to
the total amount intended to be purchased. At the time a letter of intent is
established, current balances in accounts in any Shares of any fund in the
Federated Funds, excluding money market accounts, will be aggregated to provide
a purchase credit towards fulfillment of the letter of intent. Prior trade
prices will not be adjusted.
REINVESTMENT PRIVILEGE. If Shares in the Fund have been redeemed, the
shareholder has the privilege, within 120 days, to reinvest the redemption
proceeds at the next-determined net asset value without any sales load.
Federated Securities Corp. must be notified by the shareholder in writing or by
his financial institution of the reinvestment in order to eliminate a sales
load. If the shareholder redeems his Shares in the Fund, there may be tax
consequences.
PURCHASES WITH PROCEEDS FROM REDEMPTIONS OF UNAFFILIATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
Investors may purchase Shares at net asset value, without a sales load, with the
proceeds from the redemption of shares of an unaffiliated investment company
that were purchased or sold with a sales load or commission and were not
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. The purchase must be made within 60
days of the redemption, and Federated Securities Corp. must be notified by the
investor in writing, or by his financial institution, at the time the purchase
is made. From time to time, the Fund may offer dealers a payment of .50 of 1.00%
for Shares purchased under this program. If Shares are purchased in this manner,
Fund purchases will be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge for one
year from the date of purchase. Shareholders will be notified prior to the
implementation of any special offering as described above.
PURCHASING SHARES THROUGH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. An investor may call his
financial institution (such as a bank or an investment dealer) to place an order
to purchase Shares. Orders placed through a financial institution are considered
received when the Fund is notified of the purchase order or when payment is
converted into federal funds. Purchase orders through a registered broker/dealer
must be received by the broker before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) and must be
transmitted by the broker to the Fund before 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in order
for Shares to be purchased at that day's price. Purchase orders through other
financial institutions must be received by the financial institution and
transmitted to the Fund before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in order for Shares to
be purchased at that day's price. It is the financial institution's
responsibility to transmit orders promptly. Financial institutions may charge
additional fees for their services.
PURCHASING SHARES BY WIRE. Once an account has been established, Shares may be
purchased by wire by calling the Fund. All information needed will be taken over
the telephone, and the order is considered received immediately. Payment for
purchases which are subject to a sales load must be received within three
business days following the order. Payment for purchases on which no sales load
is imposed must be received before 3:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the next business
day following the order. Federal funds should be wired as follows: State Street
Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts; Attn: EDGEWIRE; For Credit to:
(Fund Name) (Fund Class); (Fund Number); Account Number; Trade Date and Order
Number; Group Number or Dealer Number; Nominee or Institution Name; and ABA
Number 011000028. Shares cannot be purchased by wire on holidays when wire
transfers are restricted. Questions on wire purchases should be directed to your
shareholder services representative at the telephone number listed on your
account statement.
PURCHASING SHARES BY CHECK. Once an account has been established, Shares may be
purchased by sending a check made payable to the name of the Fund (designate
class of Shares and account number) to: Federated Services Company, P.O. Box
8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600. Orders by mail are considered received
when payment by check is converted into federal funds (normally the business day
after the check is received).
SPECIAL PURCHASE FEATURES
SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM. Once a Fund account has been opened, shareholders
may add to their investment on a regular basis in a minimum amount of $100.
Under this program, funds may be automatically withdrawn periodically from the
shareholder's checking account at an Automated Clearing House ("ACH") member and
invested in the Fund at the net asset value next determined after an order is
received by the Fund, plus the sales load, if applicable. Shareholders should
contact their financial institution or the Fund to participate in this program.
RETIREMENT PLANS. Fund Shares can be purchased as an investment for retirement
plans or IRA accounts. For further details, contact the Fund and consult a tax
adviser.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class A shareholders may exchange all or some of their Shares for Class A Shares
of other funds in the Federated Funds at net asset value. Neither the Fund nor
any of the funds in the Federated Funds imposes any additional fees on
exchanges. Shareholders in certain other Federated Funds may exchange their
shares in the Federated Funds for Class A Shares.
The Fund has exchange privileges with the following Federated Funds: American
Leaders Fund, Inc.; Capital Growth Fund (Class A Shares and Class C Shares
only); Federated Asia Pacific Growth Fund; Federated Emerging Markets Fund;
Federated European Growth Fund; Federated Growth Strategies Fund; Federated
International Equity Fund; Federated International Income Fund; Federated Latin
American Growth Fund; Federated Small Cap Strategies Fund; Fund for U.S.
Government Securities, Inc.; Liberty Equity Income Fund, Inc.; Liberty High
Income Bond Fund, Inc.; Liberty Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.; Liberty U.S.
Government Money Market Trust; Liberty Utility Fund, Inc.; Limited Term Fund;
Limited Term Municipal Fund; Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust; Pennsylvania
Municipal Income Fund; Strategic Income Fund; Tax-Free Instruments Trust; and
World Utility Fund.
Prospectuses for these funds are available by writing to Federated Securities
Corp.
Shareholders of Class A Shares who have been designated as Liberty Life Members
are exempt from sales charges on future purchases in and exchanges between the
Class A Shares of any funds in the Federated Funds, as long as they maintain a
$500 balance in one of the Federated Funds.
REQUIREMENTS FOR EXCHANGE. Shareholders using this privilege must exchange
Shares having a net asset value equal to the minimum investment requirements of
the fund into which the exchange is being made. Before the exchange, the
shareholder must receive a prospectus of the fund for which the exchange is
being made.
This privilege is available to shareholders resident in any state in which the
shares being acquired may be sold. Upon receipt of proper instructions and
required supporting documents, Shares submitted for exchange are redeemed and
proceeds invested in the same class of shares of the other fund. The exchange
privilege may be modified or terminated at any time. Shareholders will be
notified of the modification or termination of the exchange privilege.
TAX CONSEQUENCES. An exercise of the exchange privilege is treated as a sale for
federal income tax purposes. Depending upon the circumstances, a capital gain or
loss may be realized.
MAKING AN EXCHANGE. Instructions for exchanges for certain Federated Funds may
be given in writing or by telephone. Written instructions may require a
signature guarantee. Shareholders of the Fund may have difficulty in making
exchanges by telephone through brokers and other financial institutions during
times of drastic economic or market changes. If a shareholder cannot contact his
broker or financial institution by telephone, it is recommended that an exchange
request be made in writing and sent by overnight mail to Federated Services
Company, 500 Victory Road--2nd Floor, North Quincy, Massachusetts 02171.
TELEPHONE INSTRUCTIONS. Telephone instructions made by the investor may be
carried out only if a telephone authorization form completed by the investor is
on file with the Fund. If the instructions are given by a broker, a telephone
authorization form completed by the broker must be on file with the Fund. If
reasonable procedures are not followed by the Fund, it may be liable for losses
due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Shares may be
exchanged between two funds by telephone only if the two funds have identical
shareholder registrations.
Any Shares held in certificate form cannot be exchanged by telephone but must be
forwarded to Federated Services Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts
02266-8600 and deposited to the shareholder's account before being exchanged.
Telephone exchange instructions are recorded and will be binding upon the
shareholder. Such instructions will be processed as of 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time)
and must be received by the Fund before that time for Shares to be exchanged the
same day. Shareholders exchanging into a fund will begin receiving dividends the
following business day. This privilege may be modified or terminated at any
time.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares are redeemed at their net asset value, less any applicable contingent
deferred sales charge, next determined after the Fund receives the redemption
request. Redemptions will be made on days on which the Fund computes its net
asset value. Redemption requests must be received in proper form and can be made
as described below.
REDEEMING SHARES THROUGH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. Shares of the Fund may be
redeemed by calling your financial institution to request the redemption. Shares
will be redeemed at the net asset value, less any applicable contingent deferred
sales charge next determined after the Fund receives the redemption request from
the financial institution. Redemption requests through a registered
broker/dealer must be received by the broker before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) and
must be transmitted by the broker to the Fund before 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in
order for Shares to be redeemed at that day's net asset value. Redemption
requests through other financial institutions (such as banks) must be
received by the financial institution and transmitted to the Fund before 4:00
p.m. (Eastern time) in order for Shares to be redeemed at that day's net asset
value. The financial institution is responsible for promptly submitting
redemption requests and providing proper written redemption instructions.
Customary fees and commissions may be charged by the financial institution for
this service.
REDEEMING SHARES BY TELEPHONE. Shares may be redeemed in any amount by calling
the Fund provided the Fund has a properly completed authorization form. These
forms can be obtained from Federated Securities Corp. Proceeds will be mailed in
the form of a check, to the shareholder's address of record or by wire transfer
to the shareholder's account at a domestic commercial bank that is a member of
the Federal Reserve System. Proceeds from redemption requests received on
holidays when wire transfers are restricted will be wired the following business
day. Questions about telephone redemptions on days when wire transfers are
restricted should be directed to your shareholder services representative at the
telephone number listed on your account statement. The minimum amount for a wire
transfer is $1,000. Proceeds from redeemed Shares purchased by check or through
ACH will not be wired until that method of payment has cleared.
Telephone instructions will be recorded. If reasonable procedures are not
followed by the Fund, it may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or
fraudulent telephone instructions. In the event of drastic economic or market
changes, a shareholder may experience difficulty in redeeming by telephone. If
this occurs, "Redeeming Shares By Mail" should be considered. If at any time the
Fund shall determine it necessary to terminate or modify the telephone
redemption privilege, shareholders would be promptly notified.
REDEEMING SHARES BY MAIL. Shares may be redeemed in any amount by mailing a
written request to: Federated Services Company, Fund Name, Fund Class, P.O. Box
8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600.
The written request should state: Fund Name and the Class designation; the
account name as registered with the Fund; the account number; and the number of
Shares to be redeemed or the dollar amount requested. All owners of the account
must sign the request exactly as the Shares are registered. It is recommended
that any share certificates be sent by insured mail with the written request.
Shareholders requesting a redemption of any amount to be sent to an address
other than that on record with the Fund, or a redemption payable other than to
the shareholder of record must have their signatures guaranteed by a bank which
is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a trust company, a
member firm of a domestic stock exchange, or any other "eligible guarantor
institution," as defined by the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
The Fund does not accept signatures guaranteed by a notary public.
The Fund and its transfer agent have adopted standards for accepting signature
guarantees from the above institutions. The Fund may elect in the future to
limit eligible signature guarantors to institutions that are members of a
signature guarantee program. The Fund and its transfer agent reserve the right
to amend these standards at any time without notice.
Normally, a check for the proceeds is mailed within one business day, but in no
event more than seven days, after receipt of a proper written redemption
request.
SPECIAL REDEMPTION FEATURES
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PROGRAM. Shareholders who desire to receive payments of a
predetermined amount not less than $100 may take advantage of the Systematic
Withdrawal Program. Under this program, Shares are redeemed to provide for
periodic withdrawal payments in an amount directed by the shareholder.
Depending upon the amount of the withdrawal payments, the amount of dividends
paid and capital gains distributions with respect to Shares, and the fluctuation
of the net asset value of Shares redeemed under this program, redemptions may
reduce, and eventually deplete, the shareholder's investment in the Fund. For
this reason, payments under this program should not be considered as yield or
income on the shareholder's investment in the Fund. To be eligible to
participate in this program, a shareholder must have an account value of at
least $10,000. A shareholder may apply for participation in this program through
his financial institution. Due to the fact that Shares are sold with a sales
load, it is not advisable for shareholders to continue to purchase Shares while
participating in this program.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
Class A Shares purchased under a periodic special offering with the proceeds of
a redemption of shares of an unaffiliated investment company purchased or
redeemed with a sales load and not distributed by Federated Securities Corp. may
be charged a contingent deferred sales charge of .50 of 1.00% for redemptions
made within one full year of purchase. Any applicable contingent deferred sales
charge will be imposed on the lesser of the net asset value of the redeemed
Shares at the time of purchase or the net asset value of the redeemed Shares at
the time of redemption.
The contingent deferred sales charge will be deducted from the redemption
proceeds otherwise payable to the shareholder and will be retained by the
distributor. The contingent deferred sales charge will not be imposed with
respect to: (1) Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends or
distributions of long-term capital gains; and (2) Shares held for more than one
full year from the date of purchase. Redemptions will be processed in a manner
intended to maximize the amount of redemption which will not be subject to a
contingent deferred sales charge. In computing the amount of the applicable
contingent deferred sales charge, redemptions are deemed to have occurred in the
following order: (1) Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and
long-term capital gains; (2) Shares held for more than one full year from the
date of purchase; (3) Shares held for less than one full year from the date of
purchase on a first-in, first-out basis. A contingent deferred sales charge is
not assessed in connection with an exchange of Fund Shares for shares of other
funds in the Federated Funds in the same class (see "Exchange Privilege"). Any
contingent deferred sales charge imposed at the time the exchanged-for Shares
are redeemed is calculated as if the shareholder had held the shares from the
date on which he became a shareholder of the exchanged-from Shares. Moreover,
the contingent deferred sales charge will be eliminated with respect to certain
redemptions (see "Elimination of Contingent Deferred Sales Charge").
ELIMINATION OF CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
The contingent deferred sales charge will be eliminated with respect to the
following redemptions: (1) redemptions following the death or disability, as
defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, of
a shareholder; (2) redemptions representing minimum required
distributions from an Individual Retirement Account or other retirement plan to
a shareholder who has attained the age of 70 1/2; and (3) involuntary
redemptions by the Fund of Shares in shareholder accounts that do not comply
with the minimum balance requirements. No contingent deferred sales charge will
be imposed on redemptions of Shares held by Directors, employees and sales
representatives of the Fund, the distributor, or affiliates of the Fund or
distributor; employees of any financial institution that sells Shares of the
Fund pursuant to a sales agreement with the distributor; and spouses and
children under the age of 21 of the aforementioned persons. Finally, no
contingent deferred sales charge will be imposed on the redemption of Shares
originally purchased through a bank trust department, an investment adviser
registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, or retirement
plans where the third party administrator has entered into certain arrangements
with Federated Securities Corp. or its affiliates, or any other financial
institution, to the extent that no payments were advanced for purchases made
through such entities. The Directors reserve the right to discontinue
elimination of the contingent deferred sales charge. Shareholders will be
notified of such elimination. Any Shares purchased prior to the termination of
such waiver would have the contingent deferred sales charge eliminated as
provided in the Fund's prospectus at the time of the purchase of the Shares. If
a shareholder making a redemption qualifies for an elimination of the contingent
deferred sales charge, the shareholder must notify Federated Securities Corp. or
the transfer agent in writing that he is entitled to such elimination.
ACCOUNT AND SHARE INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CERTIFICATES AND CONFIRMATIONS. As transfer agent for the Fund, Federated
Services Company maintains a Share account for each shareholder. Share
certificates are not issued unless requested in writing to Federated Services
Company.
Detailed confirmations of each purchase and redemption are sent to each
shareholder. Monthly confirmations are sent to report dividends paid during that
month.
DIVIDENDS. Dividends are declared and paid annually to all shareholders invested
in the Fund on the record date. Dividends and distributions are automatically
reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund on payment dates at the ex-dividend
date net asset value without a sales load, unless shareholders request cash
payments on the new account form or by contacting the transfer agent. All
shareholders on the record date are entitled to the dividend. If Shares are
redeemed or exchanged prior to the record date or purchased after the record
date, those Shares are not entitled to that year's dividend.
CAPITAL GAINS. Net long-term capital gains realized by the Fund, if any, will be
distributed at least once every twelve months.
ACCOUNTS WITH LOW BALANCES. Due to the high cost of maintaining accounts with
low balances, the Fund may redeem Shares in any account, except retirement
plans, and pay the proceeds to the shareholder if the account balance falls
below the required minimum value of $500. This requirement does not apply,
however, if the balance falls below the required minimum value because of
changes in the net asset value of Shares. Before Shares are redeemed to close an
account, the shareholder is notified in writing and allowed 30 days to purchase
additional Shares to meet the minimum requirement.
CORPORATION INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MANAGEMENT OF THE CORPORATION
BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The Corporation is managed by a Board of Directors. The
Directors are responsible for managing the Corporation's business affairs and
for exercising all the Corporation's powers except those reserved for the
shareholders. An Executive Committee of the Board of Directors handles the
Board's responsibilities between meetings of the Board.
INVESTMENT ADVISER. Investment decisions for the Fund are made by the Fund's
investment adviser, Federated Global Research Corp. (the "Adviser"), subject to
direction by the Directors. The Adviser continually conducts investment research
and supervision for the Fund and is responsible for the purchase or sale of
portfolio instruments, for which it receives an annual fee from the Fund. The
Adviser's address is 175 Water Street, New York, New York 10038-4965.
ADVISORY FEES. The Adviser receives an annual investment advisory fee equal to
1.25% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The fee paid by the Fund, while
higher than the advisory fee paid by other mutual funds in general, is
comparable to fees paid by other mutual funds with similar objectives and
policies. Under the investment advisory contract, which provides for the
voluntary waiver of the advisory fee by the Adviser, the Adviser may voluntarily
waive some or all of its fee. This does not include reimbursement to the Fund of
any expenses incurred by shareholders who use the transfer agent's subaccounting
facilities. The Adviser can terminate this voluntary waiver at any time in its
sole discretion. The Adviser has also undertaken to reimburse the Fund for
operating expenses in excess of limitations established by certain states.
ADVISER'S BACKGROUND. Federated Global Research Corp., incorporated in Delaware
on May 12, 1995, is a registered investment adviser under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It is a subsidiary of Federated Investors. All
of the Class A (voting) shares of Federated Investors are owned by a trust, the
Trustees of which are John F. Donahue, Chairman and Trustee of Federated
Investors, Mr. Donahue's wife, and Mr. Donahue's son, J. Christopher Donahue,
who is President and Trustee of Federated Investors.
Federated Global Research Corp. and other subsidiaries of Federated Investors
serve as investment advisers to a number of investment companies and private
accounts. Certain other subsidiaries also provide administrative services to a
number of investment companies. With over $72 billion invested across more than
260 funds under management and/or administration by its subsidiaries, as of
December 31, 1994, Federated Investors is one of the largest mutual fund
investment managers in the United States. With more than 1,750 employees,
Federated continues to be led by the management who founded the company in 1955.
Federated funds are presently at work in and through 4,000 financial
institutions nationwide. More than 100,000 investment professionals have
selected Federated funds for their clients.
Henry A. Frantzen has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Mr.
Frantzen joined Federated Investors in 1995 as an Executive Vice President of
the Fund's investment adviser. Mr. Frantzen served as Chief Investment Officer
of international equities at Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. from 1992 to 1995. He
was the Executive Vice President and Director of Equities at Oppenheimer
Management Corporation from 1989 to 1991. Mr. Frantzen received his B.S. in
finance and marketing from the University of North Dakota.
Drew J. Collins has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Mr.
Collins joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Senior Vice President of the
Fund's investment adviser. Mr. Collins served as Vice President/Portfolio
Manager of international equity portfolios at Arnold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc.
from 1994 to 1995. He served as an Assistant Vice President/Portfolio Manager
for international equities at the College Retirement Equities Fund from 1986 to
1994. Mr. Collins is a Chartered Financial Analyst and received his M.B.A. in
finance from the University of Pennsylvania.
Tracy P. Stouffer has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Ms.
Stouffer joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Vice President of the Fund's
investment adviser. Ms. Stouffer served as Vice President/Portfolio Manager of
international equity funds at Clariden Asset Management (NY) Inc. from 1988 to
1995. Ms. Stouffer is a Chartered Financial Analyst and received her M.B.A. in
marketing from the University of Western Ontario, Canada.
Both the Corporation and the Adviser have adopted strict codes of ethics
governing the conduct of all employees who manage the Fund and its portfolio
securities. These codes recognize that such persons owe a fiduciary duty to the
Fund's shareholders and must place the interests of shareholders ahead of the
employees' own interest. Among other things, the codes: require preclearance and
periodic reporting of personal securities transactions; prohibit personal
transactions in securities being purchased or sold, or being considered for
purchase or sale, by the Fund; prohibit purchasing securities in initial public
offerings; and prohibit taking profits on securities held for less than sixty
days. Violations of the codes are subject to review by the Board of Directors,
and could result in severe penalties.
DISTRIBUTION OF CLASS A SHARES
Federated Securities Corp. is the principal distributor for Shares of the Fund.
Federated Securities Corp. is located at Federated Investors Tower, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15222-3779. It is a Pennsylvania corporation organized on November
14, 1969, and is the principal distributor for a number of investment companies.
Federated Securities Corp. is a subsidiary of Federated Investors.
State securities laws may require certain financial institutions such as
depository institutions to register as dealers.
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES. Under a distribution plan adopted in
accordance with Investment Company Act Rule 12b-1 (the "Distribution Plan"), the
distributor may be paid a fee in an amount computed at an annual rate of up to
.25 of l% of the average daily net assets of Shares to finance any activity
which is principally intended to result in the sale of Shares subject to the
Distribution Plan. The Fund does not currently make payments to the distributor
or charge a fee under the Distribution Plan for Shares, and shareholders will be
notified if the Fund intends to charge a fee under the Distribution Plan. For
Shares, the distributor may select financial institutions such as banks,
fiduciaries, custodians for public funds, investment advisers, and
broker/dealers to provide sales services or distribution-related support
services as agents for their clients or customers.
The Distribution Plan is a compensation type plan. As such, the Fund makes no
payments to the distributor except as described above. Therefore, the Fund does
not pay for unreimbursed expenses of the distributor, including amounts expended
by the distributor in excess of amounts received by it from
the Fund, interest, carrying or other financing charges in connection with
excess amounts expended, or the distributor's overhead expenses. However, the
distributor may be able to recover such amounts or may earn a profit from future
payments made by Shares under the Plan.
In addition, the Fund has entered into a Shareholder Services Agreement with
Federated Shareholder Services, a subsidiary of Federated Investors, under which
the Fund may make payments up to 0.25 of 1% of the average daily net asset value
of Shares to obtain certain personal services for shareholders and for the
maintenance of shareholder accounts ("Shareholder Services"). Under the
Shareholder Services Agreement, Federated Shareholder Services will either
perform Shareholder Services directly or will select financial institutions to
perform Shareholder Services. Financial institutions will receive fees based
upon Shares owned by their clients or customers. The schedules of such fees and
the basis upon which such fees will be paid will be determined from time to time
by the Fund and Federated Shareholder Services.
In addition to payments made pursuant to the Distribution Plan and Shareholder
Services Agreement, Federated Securities Corp. and Federated Shareholder
Services, from their own assets, may pay financial institutions supplemental
fees for the performance of sales services, distribution-related support
services, or shareholder services.
OTHER PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Federated Securities Corp. will pay
financial institutions, at the time of purchase, an amount equal to .50 of 1% of
the net asset value of Shares purchased by their clients or customers under
certain qualified retirement plans as approved by Federated Securities Corp.
(Such payments are subject to a reclaim from the financial institution should
the assets leave the program within 12 months after purchase.)
Furthermore, the distributor may offer to pay a fee from its own assets to
financial institutions as financial assistance for providing substantial
marketing and sales support. The support may include sponsoring sales,
educational and training seminars for their employees, providing sales
literature, and engineering computer software programs that emphasize the
attributes of the Fund. Such assistance will be predicated upon the amount of
Shares the financial institution sells or may sell, and/or upon the type and
nature of sales or marketing support furnished by the financial institution. Any
payments made by the distributor may be reimbursed by the Fund's Adviser or its
affiliates.
ADMINISTRATION OF THE FUND
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES. Federated Administrative Services, a subsidiary of
Federated Investors, provides administrative personnel and services (including
certain legal and financial reporting services) necessary to operate the Fund.
Federated Administrative Services provides these at an annual rate which relates
to the average aggregate daily net assets of all Federated Funds as specified
below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MAXIMUM AVERAGE AGGREGATE DAILY NET
ADMINISTRATIVE FEE ASSETS OF THE FEDERATED FUNDS
- ------------------- -----------------------------------
<S> <C>
.15 of 1% on the first $250 million
.125 of 1% on the next $250 million
.10 of 1% on the next $250 million
.075 of 1% on assets in excess of $750 million
</TABLE>
The administrative fee received during any fiscal year shall be at least
$125,000 per portfolio and $30,000 per each additional class of shares.
Federated Administrative Services may choose voluntarily to waive a portion of
its fee.
EXPENSES OF THE FUND AND CLASS A SHARES
Holders of Shares pay their allocable portion of Corporation and portfolio
expenses.
The Corporation expenses for which holders of Class A Shares pay their allocable
portion include, but are not limited to: the cost of organizing the Corporation
and continuing its existence; registering the Corporation with federal and state
securities authorities; Directors' fees; auditors' fees; the cost of meetings of
Directors; legal fees of the Corporation; association membership dues; and such
nonrecurring and extraordinary items as may arise from time to time.
The portfolio expenses for which holders of Class A Shares pay their allocable
portion include, but are not limited to: registering the portfolio and Class A
Shares of the portfolio; investment advisory services; taxes and commissions;
custodian fees; insurance premiums; auditors' fees; and such nonrecurring and
extraordinary items as may arise from time to time.
At present, the only expenses which are allocated specifically to Class A Shares
as a class are expenses under the Corporation's Distribution Plan and fees for
Shareholder Services. However, the Directors reserve the right to allocate
certain other expenses to holders of Class A Shares as they deem appropriate
("Class Expenses"). In any case, Class Expenses would be limited to:
distribution fees; transfer agent fees as identified by the transfer agent as
attributable to holders of Class A Shares; printing and postage expenses related
to preparing and distributing materials such as shareholder reports,
prospectuses and proxies to current shareholders; registration fees paid to the
Securities and Exchange Commission and to state securities commissions; expenses
related to administrative personnel and services as required to support holders
of Class A Shares; legal fees relating solely to Class A Shares; and Directors'
fees incurred as a result of issues related solely to Class A Shares.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
When selecting brokers and dealers to handle the purchase and sale of portfolio
instruments, the Adviser looks for prompt execution of the order at a favorable
price. In working with dealers, the Adviser will generally use those who are
recognized dealers in specific portfolio instruments, except when a better price
and execution of the order can be obtained elsewhere. In selecting among firms
believed to meet these criteria, the Adviser may give consideration to those
firms which have sold or are selling Shares of the Fund and other funds
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. The Adviser makes decisions on
portfolio transactions and selects brokers and dealers subject to review by the
Directors.
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOTING RIGHTS
Each share of the Fund gives the shareholder one vote in Director elections and
other matters submitted to shareholders for vote. All shares of each fund or
class in the Corporation have equal
voting rights, except that in matters affecting only a particular fund or class,
only shares of that fund or class are entitled to vote.
As a Maryland corporation, the Corporation is not required to hold annual
shareholder meetings. Shareholder approval will be sought only for certain
changes in the Corporation's or the Fund's operation and for the election of
Directors under certain circumstances.
Directors may be removed by the Directors or by shareholders at a special
meeting. A special meeting of shareholders shall be called by the Directors upon
the written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the Corporation's
outstanding shares of all series entitled to vote.
TAX INFORMATION
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FEDERAL INCOME TAX
The Fund will pay no federal income tax because it expects to meet requirements
of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies and to receive the
special tax treatment afforded to such companies. However, the Fund may invest
in the stock of certain foreign corporations which would constitute a Passive
Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"). Federal income taxes may be imposed on the
Fund upon disposition of PFIC investments.
The Fund will be treated as a single, separate entity for federal income tax
purposes so that income (including capital gains) and losses realized by the
Corporation's other portfolios will not be combined for tax purposes with those
realized by the Fund.
Investment income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may
be subject to foreign taxes withheld at the source. The United States has
entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries that entitle the Fund to
reduced tax rates or exemptions on this income. The effective rate of foreign
tax cannot be predicted since the amount of Fund assets to be invested within
various countries is unknown. However, the Fund intends to operate so as to
qualify for treaty-reduced tax rates where applicable.
Unless otherwise exempt, shareholders are required to pay federal income tax on
any dividends and other distributions, including capital gains distributions,
received. This applies whether dividends and distributions are received in cash
or as additional Shares. Distributions representing long-term capital gains, if
any, will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains no matter how
long the shareholders have held the Shares. No federal income tax is due on any
dividends earned in an IRA or qualified retirement plan until distributed.
Due to differences in the book and tax treatment of fixed income securities
denominated in foreign currencies, it is difficult to project currency effects
on an interim basis. Therefore, to the extent that currency fluctuations cannot
be anticipated, a portion of distributions to shareholders could later be
designated as a return of capital, rather than income, for income tax purposes,
which may be of particular concern to simple trusts.
If more than 50% of the value of the Fund's assets at the end of the tax year is
represented by stock or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund intends to
qualify for certain Code stipulations that would
allow shareholders to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction on their U.S.
income tax returns. The Code may limit a shareholder's ability to claim a
foreign tax credit. Furthermore, shareholders who elect to deduct their portion
of the Fund's foreign taxes rather than take the foreign tax credit must itemize
deductions on their income tax returns.
STATE AND LOCAL TAXES
Fund shares are exempt from personal property taxes imposed by counties,
municipalities, and school districts in Pennsylvania.
Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the status of
their accounts under state and local tax laws.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From time to time, the Fund advertises its total return and yield for Class A
Shares.
Total return represents the change, over a specific period of time, in the value
of an investment in Class A Shares after reinvesting all income and capital
gains distributions. It is calculated by dividing that change by the initial
investment and is expressed as a percentage.
The yield of Class A Shares is calculated by dividing the net investment income
per share (as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission) earned by Class
A Shares over a thirty-day period by the maximum offering price per share of
each class on the last day of the period. This number is then annualized using
semi-annual compounding. The yield does not necessarily reflect income actually
earned by Class A Shares and, therefore, may not correlate to the dividends or
other distributions paid to shareholders.
The performance information reflects the effect of non-recurring charges, such
as the maximum sales load or contingent deferred sales charges, which, if
excluded, would increase the total return and yield.
Total return and yield will be calculated separately for Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares.
From time to time, advertisements for Class A Shares of the Fund may refer to
ratings, rankings, and other information in certain financial publications
and/or compare the performance of Class A Shares to certain indices.
OTHER CLASSES OF SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund also offers two other classes of
shares called Class B Shares and Class C Shares. This prospectus relates only to
Class A Shares.
Class B Shares are sold primarily to customers of financial institutions,
subject to a maximum contingent deferred sales charge of 5.50%. The Fund has
also adopted a Distribution Plan whereby the distributor is paid a fee of up to
.75 of 1% and a Shareholder Services fee of up to .25 of 1% of the Class B
Shares' average daily net assets with respect to Class B Shares. Investments in
Class B Shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $1,500, unless the
investment is in a retirement account, in which case the minimum investment is
$50.
Class C Shares are sold primarily to customers of financial institutions at net
asset value with no initial sales load. Class C Shares are distributed pursuant
to a Distribution Plan adopted by the Fund whereby the distributor is paid a fee
of up to .75 of 1%, in addition to a Shareholder Services fee of .25 of 1% of
the Class C Shares' average daily net assets. In addition, Class C Shares may be
subject to certain contingent deferred sales charges. Investments in Class C
Shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $1,500, unless the
investment is in a retirement account, in which case the minimum investment is
$50.
Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares are subject to certain of the
same expenses. Expense differences, however, among Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares may affect the performance of each class.
To obtain more information and a prospectus for either Class B Shares or Class C
Shares, investors may call 1-800-235-4669 or contact their financial
institution.
ADDRESSES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Federated International Small Company Fund
Class A Shares Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributor
Federated Securities Corp. Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment Adviser
Federated Global Research Corp. 175 Water Street
New York, New York 10038-4965
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company P.O. Box 8600
Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
Federated Services Company P.O. Box 8600
Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Independent Auditors
Ernst & Young LLP One Oxford Centre
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
FEDERATED INTERNATIONAL
SMALL COMPANY FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT
SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
PROSPECTUS
An Open-End, Diversified
Management Investment Company
February 13, 1996
FEDERATED SECURITIES CORP.
(LOGO)
- ---------------------------------------------
Distributor
A subsidiary of FEDERATED INVESTORS
FEDERATED INVESTORS TOWER
PITTSBURGH, PA 15222-3779
G01473-01 (1/96)
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may
any offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement
becomes effective. This Statement of Additional Information shall not
consititute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall
there be any sale of these securities in any State in which such offer,
solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification
under the securities laws of any such State.
Subject to Completion, January 17, 1996
FEDERATED INTERNATIONAL SMALL COMPANY FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
CLASS B SHARES
CLASS C SHARES
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This Statement of Additional Information should be read with the combined
prospectus for Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares, or the
stand-alone prospectus for Class A Shares of Federated International Small
Company Fund (the "Fund") dated February 13, 1996. This Statement is not a
prospectus itself. You may request a copy of either prospectus or a paper
copy of this Statement of Additional Information, if you have received it
electronically, free of charge by calling 1-800-235-4669.
FEDERATED INVESTORS TOWER
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222-3779
Statement dated February 13, 1996
FEDERATED SECURITIES
CORP.
Distributor
A subsidiary of FEDERATED INVESTORS
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND4
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES4
Convertible Securities 4
Warrants 5
Sovereign Debt Obligations 5
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery
Transactions 6
Lending of Portfolio Securities 6
Repurchase Agreements 7
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 7
Restricted and Illiquid Securities
8
Futures and Options Transactions9
Risks 16
Foreign Currency Transactions 23
Special Considerations Affecting
Emerging
Markets 27
Additional Risk Considerations 28
Portfolio Turnover 29
Investment Limitations 29
WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC. MANAGEMENT
35
Fund Ownership 43
Directors Compensation 44
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES 46
Adviser to the Fund 46
Advisory Fees 46
Other Related Services 47
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
Error! Bookmark not defined.
TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING
AGENT 19
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS 19
PURCHASING SHARES 20
Distribution Plan and Shareholder
Services Agreement 20
Conversion to Federal Funds 20
Purchases by Sales Representatives,
Directors, and Employees of the Fund
20
DETERMINING NET ASSET VALUE 21
Determining Market Value of Securities
21
Trading in Foreign Securities 21
REDEEMING SHARES 21
Redemption in Kind 22
TAX STATUS 22
The Fund's Tax Status 22
Foreign Taxes 22
Shareholders' Tax Status 22
TOTAL RETURN 22
YIELD 23
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS 23
ABOUT FEDERATED INVESTORS 24
Mutual Fund Market 24
Institutional 24
Trust Organizations 25
Broker/Dealers and Bank Broker/Dealer
Subsidiaries 25
APPENDIX 26
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
The Fund is a portfolio of World Investment Series, Inc. (the "Corporation"),
which was established under the laws of the State of Maryland on January 25,
1994.
Shares of the Fund are offered in three classes known as Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares (individually and collectively referred to as
"Shares" as the context may require). This Statement of Additional Information
relates to all three classes of the above-mentioned Shares.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income realized from the portfolio is incidental. The Fund pursues its
investment objective by investing primarily in a portfolio of equity securities
of small foreign companies. The investment objective cannot be changed without
approval of shareholders.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
The convertible bonds and convertible preferred stocks in which the Fund may
invest generally retain the investment characteristics of fixed income
securities until they have been converted but also react to movements in the
underlying equity securities. The prices of fixed income securities fluctuate
inversely to the direction of interest rates. The holder is entitled to received
the fixed income of a bond or the dividend preference of a preferred stock until
the holder elects to exercise the conversion privilege. Usable bonds are
corporate bonds that can be used in whole or in part, customarily at full face
value, in lieu of cash to purchase the issuer's common stock.
Convertible securities are senior to equity securities, and therefore have a
claim to assets of the corporation prior to the holders of common stock in the
case of liquidation. However, convertible securities are generally subordinated
to similar nonconvertible securities of the same company. The interest income
and dividends from convertible bonds and preferred stocks provide a stable
stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks, but lower than
nonconvertible securities of similar quality. The Fund will exchange or convert
the convertible securities held in its portfolio into shares of the underlying
common stocks when, in the investment adviser's opinion, the investment
characteristics of the underlying common shares will assist the Fund in
achieving it investment objective. Otherwise, the Fund will hold or trade the
convertible securities.
WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are options to purchase common stock
at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned
common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may
have a life ranging from less than a year to twenty years or may be perpetual.
However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In
addition, if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant's
exercise price during the life of the warrant, the warrant will expire as
worthless. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights
with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage
increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater
than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned
common stock.
SOVEREIGN DEBT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may purchase sovereign debt instruments issued or guaranteed by foreign
governments or their agencies, including debt of countries with emerging markets
or developing countries. Sovereign debt may be in the form of conventional
securities or other types of debt instruments, such as loans or loan
participations. Sovereign debt of emerging market or developing countries may
involve a high degree of risk, and may be in default or present the risk of
default. Governmental entities responsible for repayment of the debt may be
unable or unwilling to repay principal and interest when due, and may require
renegotiation or rescheduling of debt payments. In addition, prospects for
repayment of principal and interest may depend on political as well as economic
factors. The Fund may also invest in debt obligations of supranational entities,
which include international organizations designed or supported by governmental
entities to promote economic reconstruction or development, and international
banking institutions and related government agencies. Examples of these include,
but are not limited to, the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (World Bank), European Investment Bank and Inter-American
Development Bank.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS
These transactions are made to secure what is considered to be an advantageous
price or yield for the Fund. No fees or other expenses, other than normal
transaction costs, are incurred. However, liquid assets of the Fund sufficient
to make payment for the securities to be purchased are segregated on the Fund`s
records at the trade date. These assets are marked to market daily and are
maintained until the transaction has been settled. The Fund does not intend to
engage in when-issued and delayed delivery transactions to an extent that would
cause the segregation of more than 20% of the total value of its assets.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The collateral received when the Fund lends portfolio securities must be valued
daily and, should the market value of the loaned securities increase, the
borrower must furnish additional collateral to the Fund. During the time
portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays the Fund any dividends or
interest paid on such securities. Loans are subject to termination at the option
of the Fund or the borrower. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and
custodial fees in connection with a loan and may pay a negotiated portion of the
interest earned on the cash or equivalent collateral to the borrower or placing
broker. The Fund does not have the right to vote securities on loan, but would
terminate the loan and regain the right to vote if that were considered
important with respect to the investment.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund or its custodian will take possession of the securities subject to
repurchase agreements, and these securities will be marked to market daily. To
the extent that the original seller does not repurchase the securities from the
Fund, the Fund could receive less than the repurchase price on any sale of such
securities. In the event that such a defaulting seller filed for bankruptcy or
became insolvent, disposition of such securities by the Fund might be delayed
pending court action. The Fund believes that under the regular procedures
normally in effect for custody of the Fund's portfolio securities subject to
repurchase agreements, a court of competent jurisdiction would rule in favor of
the Fund and allow retention or disposition of such securities. The Fund will
only enter into repurchase agreements with banks and other recognized financial
institutions, such as broker/dealers, which are found by the Fund's investment
adviser to be creditworthy pursuant to guidelines established by the
Corporation's Board of Directors (the "Directors").
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements. These transactions
are similar to borrowing cash. In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund
transfers possession of a portfolio instrument to another person, such as a
financial institution, broker, or dealer, in return for a percentage of the
instrument's market value in cash, and agrees that on a stipulated date in the
future, the Fund will repurchase the portfolio instrument by remitting the
original consideration plus interest at an agreed upon rate. The use of reverse
repurchase agreements may enable the Fund to avoid selling portfolio instruments
at a time when a sale may be deemed to be disadvantageous, but the ability to
enter into reverse repurchase agreements does not ensure that the Fund will be
able to avoid selling portfolio instruments at a disadvantageous time.
When effecting reverse repurchase agreements, liquid assets of the Fund, in a
dollar amount sufficient to make payment for the obligations to be purchased,
are segregated at the trade date. These securities are marked to market daily
and are maintained until the transaction is settled.
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The ability of the Directors to determine the liquidity of certain restricted
securities is permitted under a Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff
position set forth in the adopting release for Rule 144A under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the "Rule"). The Rule is a non-exclusive safe-harbor
for certain secondary market transactions involving registration for resales of
otherwise restricted securities to qualified institutional buyers. The Rule was
expected to further enhance the liquidity of the secondary market for securities
eligible for resale under the Rule. The Fund believes that the staff of the SEC
has left the question of determining the liquidity of all restricted securities
to the Directors. The Directors may consider the following criteria in
determining the liquidity of certain restricted securities:
o the frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
o the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the
number of other potential buyers;
o dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
o the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, securities of foreign issuers which are not
listed on a recognized domestic or foreign exchange or for which a bona fide
market does not exist at the time of purchase or subsequent transaction shall be
treated as illiquid securities by the Directors.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS
The Fund may attempt to hedge all or a portion of its portfolio or gain
relatively rapid, liquid, and cost-effective exposure to certain markets by
buying and selling futures contracts and options on futures contracts.
FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Fund may engage in futures contracts. A futures contract is a firm
commitment by two parties, the seller who agrees to make delivery of the
specific type of security called for in the contract ("going short") and
the buyer who agrees to take delivery of the security ("going long") at a
certain time in the future. However, a securities index futures contract is
an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery
of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index
at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which
the index was originally written. No physical delivery of the underlying
securities in the index is made.
The purpose of the acquisition or sale of a futures contract by the Fund is
to protect the Fund from fluctuations in the value of its securities caused
by unanticipated changes in interest rates or market conditions without
necessarily buying or selling the securities. For example, in the fixed
income securities market, price generally moves inversely to interest
rates. A rise in rates generally means a drop in price. Conversely, a
drop in rates generally means a rise in price. In order to hedge its
holdings of fixed income securities against a rise in market interest
rates, the Fund could enter into contracts to deliver securities at a
predetermined price (i.e., "go short") to protect itself against the
possibility that the prices of its fixed income securities may decline
during the anticipated holding period. The Fund would "go long" (i.e.,
agree to purchase securities in the future at a predetermined price) to
hedge against a decline in market interest rates. The Fund may also invest
in securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser believes
such investment is more efficient, liquid, or cost-effective than investing
directly in the securities underlying the index.
STOCK INDEX OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase put options on stock indices listed on national
securities exchanges or traded in the over-the-counter market. A stock
index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the stocks included
in the index.
The effectiveness of purchasing stock index options will depend upon the
extent to which price movements in the Fund's portfolio correlate with
price movements of the stock index selected. Because the value of an index
option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the
price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or loss
from the purchase of options on an index depends upon movements in the
level of stock prices in the stock market generally or, in the case of
certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in
the price of a particular stock. Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of
options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the investment
adviser to predict correctly movements in the direction of the stock market
generally or of a particular industry.
PUT OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Fund may purchase listed or over-the-counter put options on financial
futures contracts. The Fund would use these options only to protect
portfolio securities against decreases in value resulting from market
factors such as anticipated increase in interest rates, or when the
investment adviser believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or
cost-effective than investing directly in the futures contract or the
underlying securities or when such futures contracts or securities are
unavailable for investment upon favorable terms.
Unlike entering directly into a futures contract, which requires the
purchaser to buy a financial instrument on a set date at a specified price,
the purchase of a put option on a futures contract entitles (but does not
obligate) its purchaser to decide on or before a future date whether to
assume a short position at the specified price. Generally, if the hedged
portfolio securities decrease in value during the term of an option, the
related futures contracts will also decrease in value and the option will
increase in value. In such an event, the Fund will normally close out its
option by selling an identical option. If the hedge is successful, the
proceeds received by the Fund upon the sale of the second option will be
large enough to offset both the premium paid by the Fund for the original
option plus the realized decrease in value of the hedged securities.
Alternatively, the Fund may exercise its put option to close out the
position. To do so, it would simultaneously enter into a futures contract
of the type underlying the option (for a price less than the strike price
of the option) and exercise the option. The Fund would then deliver the
futures contract in return for payment of the strike price. If the Fund
neither closes out nor exercises an option, the option will expire on the
date provided in the option contract, and only the premium paid for the
contract will be lost.
The Fund may write listed or over-the counter put options on financial
futures contracts to hedge its portfolio or when the investment adviser
believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than
investing directly in the futures contract or the underlying securities or
when such futures contracts or securities are unavailable for investment
upon favorable terms. When the Fund writes a put option on a futures
contract, it receives a cash premium which can be used in whatever way is
deemed most advantageous to the Fund. In exchange for such premium, the
Fund grants to the purchaser of the put the right to receive from the Fund,
at the strike price, a short position in such futures contract, even though
the strike price upon exercise of the option is greater than the value of
the futures position received by such holder. If the value of the
underlying futures position is not such that exercise of the option would
be profitable to the option holder, the option will generally expire
without being exercised. The Fund has no obligation to return premiums
paid to it whether or not the option is exercised. It will generally be
the policy of the Fund, in order to avoid the exercise of an option sold by
it, to cancel its obligation under the option by entering into a closing
purchase transaction, if available, unless it is determined to be in the
Fund's interest to deliver the underlying futures position. A closing
purchase transaction consists of the purchase by the Fund of an option
having the same term as the option sold by the Fund, and has the effect of
canceling the Fund's position as a seller. The premium which the Fund will
pay in executing a closing purchase transaction may be higher than the
premium received when the option was sold, depending in large part upon the
relative price of the underlying futures position at the time of each
transaction.
CALL OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL AND STOCK INDEX FUTURES CONTRACTS
In addition to purchasing put options on futures, the Fund may write listed
call options or over-the-counter call options on financial and stock index
futures contracts (including cash-settled stock index options), to hedge
its portfolio against an increase in market interest rates, a decrease in
stock prices, or when the investment adviser believes such investment is
more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than investing directly in the
futures contract or the underlying securities or when such futures
contracts or securities are unavailable for investment upon favorable
terms. When the Fund writes a call option on a futures contract, it is
undertaking the obligation of assuming a short futures position (selling a
futures contract) at the fixed strike price at any time during the life of
the option if the option is exercised. As stock prices fall or market
interest rates rise and cause the price of futures to decrease, the Fund's
obligation under a call option on a future (to sell a futures contract)
costs less to fulfill, causing the value of the Fund's call option position
to increase.
In other words, as the underlying futures price goes down below the strike
price, the buyer of the option has no reason to exercise the call, so that
the Fund keeps the premium received for the option. This premium can
substantially offset the drop in value of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Prior to the expiration of a call written by the Fund, or exercise of it by
the buyer, the Fund may close out the option by buying an identical option.
If the hedge is successful, the cost of the second option will be less than
the premium received by the Fund for the initial option. The net premium
income of the Fund may then substantially offset the realized decrease in
value of the hedged securities.
When the Fund purchases a call on a financial futures contract, it receives
in exchange for the payment of a cash premium the right, but not the
obligation, to enter into the underlying futures contract at a strike price
determined at the time the call was purchased, regardless of the
comparative market of such futures position at the time the option is
exercised. The holder of a call option has the right to receive a long (or
buyer's) position in the underlying futures contract.
The Fund generally will not maintain open positions in futures contracts it
has sold or call options it has written on futures contracts if, in the
aggregate, the value of the open positions (marked to market) exceeds the
current market value of its securities portfolio plus the unrealized loss
or minus the unrealized gain on those open positions, adjusted for the
correlation between the hedged securities and the futures contracts. If
this limitation is exceeded at any time, the Fund will take prompt action
to close out a sufficient number of open contracts to bring its open
futures and options positions within this limitation.
"MARGIN" IN FUTURES TRANSACTIONS
Unlike the purchase or sale of a security, the Fund does not pay or receive
money upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Rather, the Fund is
required to deposit an amount of "initial margin" in cash or U.S. Treasury
bills with its custodian (or the broker, if legally permitted). The nature
of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin
in securities transactions in that initial margin in futures transactions
does not involve the borrowing of funds by the Fund to finance the
transactions. Initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good
faith deposit on the contract which is returned to the Fund upon
termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations
have been satisfied.
A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official
settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund
pays or receives cash, called "variation margin," equal to the daily change
in value of the futures contract. This process is known as "marking to
market." Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the
Fund but is instead settlement between the Fund and the broker of the
amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In
computing its daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market its open
futures positions.
The Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin when it writes
call options on futures contracts.
PURCHASING PUT AND CALL OPTIONS ON PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may purchase put and call options on portfolio securities to
protect against price movements in particular securities in its portfolio.
A put option gives the Fund, in return for a premium, the right to sell the
underlying security to the writer (seller) at a specified price during the
term of the option. A call option gives the Fund, in return for a premium,
the right to buy the underlying securities from the seller.
WRITING COVERED PUT AND CALL OPTIONS ON PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may write covered put and call options to generate income and
thereby protect against price movements in particular securities in the
Fund's portfolio. As the writer of a call option, the Fund has the
obligation upon exercise of the option during the option period to deliver
the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price. As the writer
of a put option, the Fund has the obligation to purchase a security from
the purchaser of the option upon the exercise of the option.
The Fund may only write call options either on securities held in its
portfolio or on securities which it has the right to obtain without payment
of further consideration (or has segregated cash in the amount of any
additional consideration). In the case of put options, the Fund will
segregate cash or U.S. Treasury obligations with a value equal to or
greater than the exercise price of the underlying securities.
OVER-THE-COUNTER OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase and write over-the-counter options ("OTC options") on
portfolio securities or in securities indexes in negotiated transactions
with the buyers or writers of the options when options on the portfolio
securities held by the Fund or when the securities indexes are not traded
on an exchange.
OTC options are two-party contracts with price and terms negotiated between
buyer and seller. In contrast, exchange-traded options are third-party
contracts with standardized strike prices and expiration dates and are
purchased from a clearing corporation. Exchange-traded options have a
continuous liquid market while OTC options may not.
RISKS
OPTIONS
Certain hedging vehicles have risks associated with them including
possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to
the extent the adviser's view as to certain market movements is incorrect,
the risk that the use of such hedging strategies could result in losses
greater than if they had not been used. Use of put and call options may
result in losses to the Fund, force the sale or purchase of portfolio
securities at inopportune times or for prices higher than (in the case of
put options) or lower than (in the case of call options) current market
values, limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on its
investments or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell.
The use of currency transactions can result in the Fund incurring losses as
a result of a number of factors including the imposition of exchange
controls, suspension of settlements, or the inability to deliver or receive
a specified currency. The use of options and futures transactions entails
certain other risks. In particular, the variable degree of correlation
between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the
related portfolio position of the Fund creates the possibility that losses
on the hedging instrument may be greater than gains in the value of the
Fund's position. In addition, futures and options markets may both be
liquid in all circumstances and certain over-the-counter options may have
not markets. As a result, in certain markets, the Fund might not be able
to close out a transaction without incurring substantial losses, if at all.
Although the use of futures and options transactions for hedging should
tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the
hedged position, at the same time they tend to limit any potential gain
which might result from an increase in value of such position. Finally,
the daily variation margin requirements for futures contracts would create
a greater ongoing potential financial risk than would purchase of options,
where the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium. Losses
resulting from the use of hedging strategies would reduce net asset value,
and possibly income, and such losses can be greater than if the hedging
strategies had not been utilized.
COMBINED TRANSACTIONS
The Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple options
transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transaction
(including forward currency contracts) and multiple interest rate
transactions and any combination of futures, options, currency and interest
rate transactions ("component" transactions), instead of a single hedging
strategy, as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the opinion of
the investment adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A
combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present
in each of its component transactions. Although combined transactions are
normally entered into based on the investment adviser's judgment that the
combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve
the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination
will instead increase such risks or hinder achievement of the portfolio
management objective.
SWAPS, CAPS, FLOORS AND COLLARS
Among the hedging strategies into which the Fund may enter are interest
rate, currency and index swaps and the purchase or sale of related caps,
floors, and collars. The Fund expects to enter into these transactions
primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or
portion of its portfolio, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a
duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the
price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. The
Fund intends to use these transactions as hedges and not as speculative
investments and will not sell interest rate caps or floors where it does
not own securities or other instruments providing the income stream the
Fund may be obligated to pay. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by
the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or
receive interest, e.g., an exchange of floating rating payments of fixed
rate payments with respect to a notional amount of principal. A currency
swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows on a notional amount of two or
more currencies based on the relative value differential among them and an
index swap is an agreement to swap cash flows on a notional amount based on
changes in the values of the reference indices. The purchase of a cap
entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount
from the party selling such cap to the extent that a specified index
exceeds a predetermined interest rate or amount. The purchase of a floor
entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount
from the party selling such floor to the extent that specified index falls
below a predetermined interest rate or amount. A collar is a combination
of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined
range of interest rates or values.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two
payment streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or
dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as
the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Inasmuch as
these swaps, caps, floors, and collars are entered into for good faith
hedging purposes, the investment adviser and the Fund believe such
obligations do not constitute senior securities under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, and, accordingly, will not treat them as
being subject to its borrowing restrictions. There is no minimal
acceptable rating for a swap, cap, floor, or collar to be purchased or held
in the Fund's portfolio. If there is a default by the counterparty, the
Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to
the transaction. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years
with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as
principals and agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a
result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Caps, floors and
collars are more recent innovations for which standardized documentation
has not yet been fully developed and, accordingly, they are less liquid
than swaps.
RISKS OF HEDGING STRATEGIES OUTSIDE THE U.S.
When conducted outside the U.S., hedging strategies may not be regulated as
rigorously as in the U.S., may not involve a clearing mechanism and
related guarantees, and are subject to the risk of governmental actions
affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and
other instruments. The value of such positions also could be adversely
affected by: (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic
factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the U.S. of data on which to make
trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Fund's ability to act upon economic
events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the U.S.,
(iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and
procedures and the margin requirements than in the U.S., and (v) lower
trading volume and liquidity.
USE OF SEGREGATED AND OTHER SPECIAL ACCOUNTS
Many hedging strategies, in addition to other requirements, require that
the Fund segregate liquid high grade assets with its custodian to the
extent Fund obligations are not otherwise "covered" through ownership of
the underlying security, financial instrument or currency. In general,
either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver
securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities,
instruments or currency required to be delivered, or, subject to any
regulatory restrictions, an amount of cash or liquid high grade securities
at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be segregated
with the custodian. The segregated assets cannot be sold or transferred
unless equivalent assets are substituted in their place or it is no longer
necessary to segregate them. For example, a call option written by the
Fund will require the Fund to hold the securities subject to the call (or
securities convertible into the needed securities without additional
consideration) or to segregate liquid high grade securities sufficient to
purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised. A call
option sold by the Fund on an index will require the Fund to own portfolio
securities which correlate with the index or to segregate liquid high grade
assets equal to the excess of the index value over the exercise price on a
current basis. A put option written by the Fund requires the Fund to
segregate liquid high grade assets equal to the exercise price.
Except when the Fund enters into a forward contract for the purchase or
sale of a security denominated in a particular currency, a currency
contract which obligates the Fund to buy or sell currency will generally
require the Fund to hold an amount of that currency or liquid securities
denominated in that currency equal to the Fund's obligations or to
segregate liquid high grade assets equal to the amount of the Fund's
obligations.
OTC options entered into by the Fund, including those on securities,
currency, financial instruments or indices and OTC issued and exchange
listed index options, will generally provide for cash settlement. As a
result, when the Fund sells these instruments it will only segregate an
amount of assets equal to its accrued net obligations, as there is no
requirement for payment or delivery of amounts in excess of the net amount.
These amounts will equal 100% of the exercise price in the case of a non
cash-settled put, the same as an OTC guaranteed listed option sold by the
Fund, or the in-the-money amount plus any sell-back formula amount in the
case of a cash-settled put or call. In addition, when the Fund sells a
call option on an index at a time when the in-the-money amount exceeds the
exercise price, the Fund will segregate, until the option expires or is
closed out, cash or cash equivalents equal in value to such excess. OTC
issued and exchange listed options sold by the Fund other than those above
generally settle with physical delivery, and the Fund will segregate an
equal amount of assets equal to the full value of the option. OTC options
settling with physical delivery, or with an election of either physical
delivery or cash settlement will be treated the same as other options
settling with physical delivery.
In the case of a futures contract or an option thereon, the Fund must
deposit initial margin and possible daily variation margin in addition to
segregating assets sufficient to meet its obligation to purchase or provide
securities or currencies, or to pay the amount owed at the expiration of an
index-based futures contract. Such assets may consist of cash, cash
equivalents, liquid debt or equity securities or other acceptable assets.
With respect to swaps, the Fund will accrue the net amount of the excess,
if any, of its obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap
on a daily basis and will segregate an amount of cash or liquid high grade
securities having a value equal to the accrued excess. Caps, floors and
collars require segregation of assets with a value equal to the Fund's net
obligation, if any.
Strategic transactions may be covered by other means when consistent with
applicable regulatory policies. The Fund may also enter into offsetting
transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated
assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related options and
hedging strategies. For example, the Fund could purchase a put option if
the strike price of that option is the same or higher than the strike price
of a put option sold by the Fund. Moreover, instead of segregating assets
if the Fund held a futures or forward contract, it could purchase a put
option on the same futures or forward contract with a strike price as high
or higher than the price of the contract held. Other hedging strategies
may also be offset in combinations. If the offsetting transaction
terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction no segregation
is required, but if it terminates prior to such time, assets equal to any
remaining obligation would need to be segregated.
The Fund's activities involving hedging strategies may be limited by the
requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the "Code") for qualification as a regulated investment company.
(See "Tax Status")
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
CURRENCY RISKS
The exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies are a
function of such factors as supply and demand in the currency exchange
markets, international balances of payments, governmental intervention,
speculation and other economic and political conditions. Although the Fund
values its assets daily in U.S. dollars, the Fund may not convert its
holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars daily. The Fund may incur
conversion costs when it converts its holdings to another currency. Foreign
exchange dealers may realize a profit on the difference between the price
at which the Fund buys and sells currencies.
The Fund will engage in foreign currency exchange transactions in
connection with its portfolio investments. The Fund will conduct its
foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis
at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market or
through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts in
order to protect against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change
in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency involved
in an underlying transaction. However, forward foreign currency exchange
contracts may limit potential gains which could result from a positive
change in such currency relationships. The investment adviser believes that
it is important to have the flexibility to enter into forward foreign
currency exchange contracts whenever it determines that it is in the Fund's
best interest to do so. The Fund will not speculate in foreign currency
exchange.
The Fund will not enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts or
maintain a net exposure in such contracts when it would be obligated to
deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of its
portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency or, in
the case of a "cross-hedge" denominated in a currency or currencies that
the investment adviser believes will tend to be closely correlated with
that currency with regard to price movements. Generally, the Fund will not
enter into a forward foreign currency exchange contract with a term longer
than one year.
FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS
A foreign currency option provides the option buyer with the right to buy
or sell a stated amount of foreign currency at the exercise price on a
specified date or during the option period. The owner of a call option has
the right, but not the obligation, to buy the currency. Conversely, the
owner of a put option has the right, but not the obligation, to sell the
currency.
When the option is exercised, the seller (i.e., writer) of the option is
obligated to fulfill the terms of the sold option. However, either the
seller or the buyer may, in the secondary market, close its position during
the option period at any time prior to expiration.
A call option on foreign currency generally rises in value if the
underlying currency appreciates in value, and a put option on foreign
currency generally rises in value if the underlying currency depreciates in
value. Although purchasing a foreign currency option can protect the Fund
against an adverse movement in the value of a foreign currency, the option
will not limit the movement in the value of such currency. For example, if
the Fund was holding securities denominated in a foreign currency that was
appreciating and had purchased a foreign currency put to hedge against a
decline in the value of the currency, the Fund would not have to exercise
its put option. Likewise, if the Fund were to enter into a contract to
purchase a security denominated in foreign currency and, in conjunction
with that purchase, were to purchase a foreign currency call option to
hedge against a rise in value of the currency, and if the value of the
currency instead depreciated between the date of purchase and the
settlement date, the Fund would not have to exercise its call. Instead, the
Fund could acquire in the spot market the amount of foreign currency needed
for settlement.
SPECIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS
Buyers and sellers of foreign currency options are subject to the same
risks that apply to options generally. In addition, there are certain risks
associated with foreign currency options. The markets in foreign currency
options are relatively new, and the Fund's ability to establish and close
out positions on such options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid
secondary market. Although the Fund will not purchase or write such options
unless and until, in the opinion of the investment adviser, the market for
them has developed sufficiently to ensure that the risks in connection with
such options are not greater than the risks in connection with the
underlying currency, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary
market will exist for a particular option at any specific time.
In addition, options on foreign currencies are affected by all of those
factors that influence foreign exchange rates and investments generally.
The value of a foreign currency option depends upon the value of the
underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result, the price of
the option position may vary with changes in the value of either or both
currencies and may have no relationship to the investment merits of a
foreign security. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the
interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may
be involved in the use of foreign currency options, investors may be
disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd lot market (generally consisting
of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign
currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign
currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through
dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis.
Available quotation information is generally representative of very large
transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect relatively
smaller transactions (i.e., less than $1 million) where rates may be less
favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-
the-clock market. To the extent that the U.S. option markets are closed
while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant
price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that
cannot be reflected in the options markets until they reopen.
FOREIGN CURRENCY FUTURES TRANSACTIONS
By using foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts,
the Fund may be able to achieve many of the same objectives as it would
through the use of forward foreign currency exchange contracts. The Fund
may be able to achieve these objectives possibly more effectively and at a
lower cost by using futures transactions instead of forward foreign
currency exchange contracts.
SPECIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED
OPTIONS
Buyers and sellers of foreign currency futures contracts are subject to the
same risks that apply to the use of futures generally. In addition, there
are risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts and their use
as a hedging device similar to those associated with options on currencies,
as described above.
Options on foreign currency futures contracts may involve certain
additional risks. Trading options on foreign currency futures contracts is
relatively new. The ability to establish and close out positions on such
options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market. To
reduce this risk, the Fund will not purchase or write options on foreign
currency futures contracts unless and until, in the opinion of the
investment adviser, the market for such options has developed sufficiently
that the risks in connection with such options are not greater than the
risks in connection with transactions in the underlying foreign currency
futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of foreign currency
futures contracts, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts
involves less potential risk to the Fund because the maximum amount at risk
is the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). However, there
may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures
contract would result in a loss, such as when there is no movement in the
price of the underlying currency or futures contract.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AFFECTING EMERGING MARKETS
Investing in the securities of issuers domiciled in emerging markets may entail
special risks relating to the potential political and economic instability and
the risks of expropriation, nationalization, confiscation or the imposition of
restrictions on foreign investment, convertibility of currencies into U.S.
dollars and on repatriation of capital invested. In the event of such
expropriation, nationalization or other confiscation by any country, the Fund
could lost its entire investment in any such country.
Emerging securities markets are substantially smaller, less developed, less
liquid and more volatile than the major securities markets. The limited size of
emerging securities markets and limited trading volume in issuers compared to
the volume of trading in U.S. securities could cause prices to be erratic for
reasons apart from factors that affect the quality of the securities. For
example, limited market size may cause prices to be unduly influenced by traders
who control large positions. Adverse publicity and investors' perception,
whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and
liquidity of portfolio securities in these markets. In addition, securities
traded in certain emerging markets may be subject to risks due to the
inexperience of financial intermediaries, a lack of modern technology, the lack
of a sufficient capital base to expand business operations, and the possibility
of permanent or temporary termination of trading.
Settlement mechanisms in emerging securities markets may be less efficient and
less reliable than in more developed markets. In such emerging securities
markets there may be share registration and delivery delays or failures.
ADDITIONAL RISK CONSIDERATIONS
The Directors consider at least annually the likelihood of the imposition by any
foreign government of exchange control restrictions which would affect the
liquidity of the Fund's assets maintained with custodians in foreign countries,
as well as the degree of risk from political acts of foreign governments to
which such assets may be exposed. The Directors also consider the degree of
risk involved through the holding of portfolio securities in domestic and
foreign securities depositories. However, in the absence of willful
misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the investment
adviser, any losses resulting from the holding of the Fund's portfolio
securities in foreign countries and/or with securities depositories will be at
the risk of shareholders. No assurance can be given that the Directors'
appraisal of the risks will always be correct or that such exchange control
restrictions or political acts of foreign governments might not occur.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund does not intend to invest for the purpose of seeking short-
term profits, securities in its portfolio will be sold whenever the investment
adviser believes it is appropriate to do so in light of the Fund's investment
objective, without regard to the length of time a particular security may have
been held. The investment adviser does not anticipate that portfolio turnover
will result in adverse tax consequences. It is not anticipated that the
portfolio trading engaged in by the Fund will result in its annual rate of
portfolio turnover exceeding 100%; however, the relative performance of the
Fund's investments may make a realignment of the Fund's portfolio desirable from
time to time. The frequency of such portfolio realignments will be determined
by market conditions. Higher portfolio turnover involves correspondingly
greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs that the Fund will
bear directly.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The following investment limitations are fundamental (except that no investment
limitation of the Fund shall prevent the Fund from investing substantially all
of its assets (except for assets which are not considered "investment
securities" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or assets
exempted by the Securities and Exchange Commission) in an open-end investment
company with substantially the same investment objectives):
SELLING SHORT AND BUYING ON MARGIN
The Fund will not sell any securities short or purchase any securities on
margin, but may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the
clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities. The deposit or
payment by the Fund of initial or variation margin in connection with
financial futures contracts or related options transactions is not
considered the purchase of a security on margin.
ISSUING SENIOR SECURITIES AND BORROWING MONEY
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except that the Fund may borrow
money directly or through reverse repurchase agreements in amounts up to
one-third of the value of its total assets, including the amount borrowed.
The Fund will not borrow money or engage in reverse repurchase agreements
for investment leverage, but rather as a temporary, extraordinary, or
emergency measure or to facilitate management of the portfolio by enabling
the Fund to meet redemption requests when the liquidation of portfolio
securities is deemed to be inconvenient or disadvantageous. The Fund will
not purchase any securities while any borrowings in excess of 5% of its
total assets are outstanding.
PLEDGING ASSETS
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate any assets except to
secure permitted borrowings. For purposes of this limitation, the
following will not be deemed to be pledges of the Fund's assets: margin
deposits for the purchase and sale of financial futures contracts and
related options, and segregation or collateral arrangements made in
connection with options activities or the purchase of securities on a when-
issued basis.
CONCENTRATION OF INVESTMENTS
The Fund will not invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in
any one industry, except that the Fund may invest 25% or more of the value
of its total assets in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities.
INVESTING IN COMMODITIES
The Fund will not invest in commodities, except that the Fund reserves the
right to engage in transactions involving futures contracts, options, and
forward contracts with respect to securities, securities indexes or
currencies.
INVESTING IN REAL ESTATE
The Fund will not buy or sell real estate, including limited partnership
interests, although it may invest in the securities of companies whose
business involves the purchase or sale of real estate or in securities
which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate.
LENDING CASH OR SECURITIES
The Fund will not lend any of its assets, except portfolio securities.
This shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or holding U.S. government
obligations, money market instruments, variable rate demand notes, bonds,
debentures, notes, certificates of indebtedness, or other debt securities,
entering into repurchase agreements, or engaging in other transactions
where permitted by the Fund's investment objective, policies, and
limitations or the Corporation's Articles of Incorporation.
UNDERWRITING
The Fund will not underwrite any issue of securities, except as it may be
deemed to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection
with the sale of securities in accordance with its investment objective,
policies, and limitations.
DIVERSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS
With respect to securities comprising 75% of the value of its total assets,
the Fund will not purchase securities issued by any one issuer (other than
cash, cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities) if, as a result, more than 5% of the
value of its total assets would be invested in the securities of that
issuer, and will not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting
securities of any one issuer.
The above investment limitations cannot be changed without shareholder approval.
The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Directors without
shareholder approval (except that no investment limitation of the Fund shall
prevent the Fund from investing substantially all of its assets (except for
assets which are not considered "investment securities" under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, or exempted by the Securities and Exchange
Commission) in an open-end investment company with substantially the same
investment objectives). Shareholders will be notified before any material
changes in these limitations become effective.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
The Fund will limit its investment in other investment companies to no more
than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any investment company,
invest no more than 5% of its total assets in any one investment company,
and invest no more than 10% of its total assets in investment companies in
general. The Fund will purchase securities of investment companies only in
open-market transactions involving only customary broker's commissions.
However, these limitations are not applicable if the securities are
acquired in a merger, consolidation, or acquisition of assets. It should
be noted that investment companies incur certain expenses such as
management fees, and, therefore, any investment by the Fund in shares of
another investment company would be subject to such duplicate expenses.
INVESTING IN ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund will not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements providing for
settlement in more than seven days after notice, non-negotiable time
deposits with maturities over seven days, over-the-counter options, swap
agreements not determined to be liquid, and certain restricted securities
not determined by the Directors to be liquid.
INVESTING IN NEW ISSUERS
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in
securities of issuers with records of less than three years of continuous
operations, including the operation of any predecessor.
INVESTING IN ISSUERS WHOSE SECURITIES ARE OWNED BY OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF
THE CORPORATION
The Fund will not purchase or retain the securities of any issuer if the
officers and Directors of the Corporation or the Fund's investment adviser,
owning individually more than 1/2 of 1% of the issuer's securities,
together own more than 5% of the issuer's securities.
INVESTING IN MINERALS
The Fund will not purchase interests in oil, gas, or other mineral
exploration or development programs or leases, although it may invest in
the securities of issuers which invest in or sponsor such programs.
PURCHASING SECURITIES TO EXERCISE CONTROL
The Fund will not purchase securities of a company for the purpose of
exercising control or management.
INVESTING IN OPTIONS
The Fund will not purchase put or call options on securities or futures
contracts, if more than 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets would be
invested in premiums on open option positions.
WRITING COVERED CALL OPTIONS
The Fund will not write call options on securities unless the securities
are held in the Fund's portfolio or unless the Fund is entitled to them in
deliverable form without further payment or after segregating cash in the
amount of any further payment.
INVESTING IN WARRANTS
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of the value of its net assets in
warrants, including those acquired in units or attached to other
securities. No more than 2% of the Fund's net assets, to be included within
the overall 5% limit on investments in warrants, may be warrants which are
not listed on the New York or American Stock Exchanges. For purposes of
this investment restriction, warrants will be valued at the lower of cost
or market, except that warrants acquired by the Fund in units with or
attached to securities may be deemed to be without value.
Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to
at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting
from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such
restriction.
The Fund has no present intent to borrow money, pledge securities, or invest in
reverse repurchase agreements in excess of 5% of the value of its total assets
in the coming fiscal year. In addition, the Fund expects to lend not more than
5% of its total assets in the coming fiscal year.
To comply with registration requirements in certain states, the Fund (1) will
limit the aggregate value of the assets underlying covered call options or put
options written by the Fund to not more than 25% of its net assets, (2) will
limit the premiums paid for options purchased by the Fund to 5% of its net
assets, and (3) will limit the margin deposits on futures contracts entered into
by the Fund to 5% of its net assets. (If state requirements change, these
restrictions may be revised without shareholder notification.)
For purposes of its policies and limitations, the Fund considers certificates of
deposit and demand and time deposits issued by a U.S. branch of a domestic bank
or savings and loan having capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of
$100,000,000 at the time of investment to be "cash items."
WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC. MANAGEMENT
Officers and Directors are listed with their addresses, birthdates, present
positions with World Investment Series, Inc., and principal occupations.
John F. Donahue@*
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: July 28, 1924
Chairman and Director
Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investors, Federated Advisers, Federated
Management, and Federated Research; Chairman and Director, Federated Research
Corp. and Federated Global Research Corp.; Chairman, Passport Research, Ltd.;
Chief Executive Officer and Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of
the Funds. Mr. Donahue is the father of J. Christopher Donahue, Executive Vice
President of the Company .
Thomas G. Bigley
28th Floor, One Oxford Centre
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: February 3, 1934
Director
Director, Oberg Manufacturing Co.; Chairman of the Board, Children's Hospital of
Pittsburgh; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds;
formerly, Senior Partner, Ernst & Young LLP.
John T. Conroy, Jr.
Wood/IPC Commercial Department
John R. Wood and Associates, Inc., Realtors
3255 Tamiami Trail North
Naples, FL
Birthdate: June 23, 1937
Director
President, Investment Properties Corporation; Senior Vice-President, John R.
Wood and Associates, Inc., Realtors; President, Northgate Village Development
Corporation; Partner or Trustee in private real estate ventures in Southwest
Florida; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly,
President, Naples Property Management, Inc.
William J. Copeland
One PNC Plaza - 23rd Floor
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: July 4, 1918
Director
Director and Member of the Executive Committee, Michael Baker, Inc.; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, Vice Chairman and
Director, PNC Bank, N.A., and PNC Bank Corp. and Director, Ryan Homes, Inc.
James E. Dowd
571 Hayward Mill Road
Concord, MA
Birthdate: May 18, 1922
Director
Attorney-at-law; Director, The Emerging Germany Fund, Inc.; Director, Trustee,
or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Lawrence D. Ellis, M.D.*
3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1111
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 11, 1932
Director
Professor of Medicine and Member, Board of Trustees, University of Pittsburgh;
Medical Director, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center - Downtown; Member,
Board of Directors, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; formerly,
Hematologist, Oncologist, and Internist, Presbyterian and Montefiore Hospitals;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Richard B. Fisher *
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: May 17, 1923
President and Director
Executive Vice President and Trustee, Federated Investors; Chairman and
Director, Federated Securities Corp.; President or Vice President of some of the
Funds; Director or Trustee of some of the Funds.
Edward L. Flaherty, Jr.@
Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty
Two Gateway Center - Suite 674
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: June 18, 1924
Director
Attorney-at-law; Shareholder, Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty; Director,
Eat'N Park Restaurants, Inc., and Statewide Settlement Agency, Inc.; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, Counsel, Horizon
Financial, F.A., Western Region.
Peter E. Madden
Seacliff
562 Bellevue Avenue
Newport, RI
Birthdate: March 16, 1942
Director
Consultant; State Representative, Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, President, State
Street Bank and Trust Company and State Street Boston Corporation.
Gregor F. Meyer
Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty
Two Gateway Center - Suite 674
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 6, 1926
Director
Attorney-at-law; Shareholder, Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty; Chairman,
Meritcare, Inc.; Director, Eat'N Park Restaurants, Inc.; Director, Trustee, or
Managing General Partner of the Funds.
John E. Murray, Jr., J.D., S.J.D.
President, Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: December 20, 1932
Director
President, Law Professor, Duquesne University; Consulting Partner, Mollica,
Murray and Hogue; Director, Trustee or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Wesley W. Posvar
1202 Cathedral of Learning
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: September 14, 1925
Director
Professor, International Politics and Management Consultant; Trustee, Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, RAND Corporation, Online Computer Library
Center, Inc., and U.S. Space Foundation; Chairman, Czecho Management Center;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; President Emeritus,
University of Pittsburgh; founding Chairman, National Advisory Council for
Environmental Policy and Technology and Federal Emergency Management Advisory
Board.
Marjorie P. Smuts
4905 Bayard Street
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: June 21, 1935
Director
Public relations/marketing consultant; Conference Coordinator, Non-profit
entities; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
J. Christopher Donahue
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: April 11, 1949
Executive Vice President
President and Trustee, Federated Investors, Federated Advisers, Federated
Management, and Federated Research; President and Director, Federated Research
Corp. and Federated Global Research Corp.; President, Passport Research, Ltd.;
Trustee, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Services Company, and
Federated Shareholder Services; President or Vice President of the Funds;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of some of the Funds. Mr. Donahue
is the son of John F. Donahue, Chairman and Director of the Company.
Edward C. Gonzales
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 22, 1930
Executive Vice President
Vice Chairman, Treasurer, and Trustee, Federated Investors; Vice President,
Federated Advisers, Federated Management, Federated Research, Federated Research
Corp., Federated Global Research Corp. and Passport Research, Ltd.; Executive
Vice President and Director, Federated Securities Corp.; Trustee, Federated
Services Company; Chairman, Treasurer, and Trustee, Federated Administrative
Services; Trustee or Director of some of the Funds; President, Executive Vice
President and Treasurer of some of the Funds.
John W. McGonigle
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 26, 1938
Executive Vice President and Secretary
Executive Vice President, Secretary, General Counsel, and Trustee, Federated
Investors; Trustee, Federated Advisers, Federated Management, and Federated
Research; Director, Federated Research Corp. and Federated Global Research
Corp.; Trustee, Federated Services Company; Executive Vice President, Secretary,
and Trustee, Federated Administrative Services; President and Trustee, Federated
Shareholder Services; Director, Federated Securities Corp.; Executive Vice
President and Secretary of the Funds.
David M. Taylor
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: January 13, 1947
Treasurer
Senior Vice President, Controller, and Trustee, Federated Investors; Controller,
Federated Advisers, Federated Management, Federated Research, Federated Research
Corp., and Passport Research, Ltd.; Senior Vice President, Federated
Shareholder Services; Vice President, Federated Administrative Services;
Treasurer of some of the Funds.
* This Director is deemed to be an "interested person" as defined in the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
@ Member of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee of the Board of
Directors handles the responsibilities of the Board of Directors between
meetings of the Board.
As used in the table above, "The Funds" and "Funds" mean the following
investment companies: American Leaders Fund, Inc.; Annuity Management Series;
Arrow Funds; Automated Government Money Trust; Blanchard Funds; Blanchard
Precious Metals, Inc.; Cash Trust Series II; Cash Trust Series, Inc.; DG
Investor Series; Edward D. Jones & Co. Daily Passport Cash Trust; Federated ARMs
Fund; Federated Equity Funds; Federated Exchange Fund, Ltd.; Federated GNMA
Trust; Federated Government Trust; Federated High Yield Trust; Federated Income
Securities Trust; Federated Income Trust; Federated Index Trust; Federated
Institutional Trust; Federated Master Trust; Federated Municipal Trust;
Federated Short-Term Municipal Trust; Federated Short-Term U.S. Government
Trust; Federated Stock Trust; Federated Tax-Free Trust; Federated Total Return
Series, Inc.; Federated U.S. Government Bond Fund; Federated U.S. Government
Securities Fund: 1-3 Years; Federated U.S. Government Securities Fund: 3-5
Years; First Priority Funds; Fixed Income Securities, Inc.; Fortress Adjustable
Rate U.S. Government Fund, Inc.; Fortress Municipal Income Fund, Inc.; Fortress
Utility Fund, Inc.; Fund for U.S. Government Securities, Inc.; Government Income
Securities, Inc.; High Yield Cash Trust; Insurance Management Series;
Intermediate Municipal Trust; International Series, Inc.; Investment Series
Funds, Inc.; Investment Series Trust; Liberty Equity Income Fund, Inc.; Liberty
High Income Bond Fund, Inc.; Liberty Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.; Liberty
U.S. Government Money Market Trust; Liberty Term Trust, Inc. - 1999; Liberty
Utility Fund, Inc.; Liquid Cash Trust; Managed Series Trust; Money Market
Management, Inc.; Money Market Obligations Trust; Money Market Trust; Municipal
Securities Income Trust; Newpoint Funds; 111 Corcoran Funds; Peachtree Funds;
The Planters Funds; RIMCO Monument Funds; The Shawmut Funds; Star Funds; The
Starburst Funds; The Starburst Funds II; Stock and Bond Fund, Inc.; Sunburst
Funds; Targeted Duration Trust; Tax-Free Instruments Trust; Trademark Funds;
Trust for Financial Institutions; Trust For Government Cash Reserves; Trust for
Short-Term U.S. Government Securities; Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations; The
Virtus Funds; and World Investment Series, Inc.
FUND OWNERSHIP
Officers and Directors own less than 1% of the Fund's outstanding Shares.
DIRECTORS COMPENSATION
AGGREGATE
NAME , COMPENSATION
POSITION WITH FROM TOTAL COMPENSATION PAID
CORPORATION CORPORATION *# FROM FUND COMPLEX +
John F. Donahue $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
Chairman and Director 68 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Thomas G. Bigley $ 0 $20,688 for the Corporation and
Director 49 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
John T. Conroy, Jr. $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
William J. Copeland $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
James E. Dowd $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Lawrence D. Ellis, M.D. $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Richard B. Fisher $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
President and Director 8 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Edward L. Flaherty, Jr. $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Peter E. Madden $ 0 $90,563 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Gregor F. Meyer $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
John E. Murray, Jr. $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
Director 69 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Wesley W. Posvar $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Marjorie P. Smuts $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
*Information is furnished for the period from January 26, 1994 (organization
date of the Corporation) to November 30, 1994.
#The aggregate compensation is provided for the Corporation which was comprised
of 1 portfolio, as of
November 30, 1994.
+The information is provided for the last calendar year end.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
ADVISER TO THE FUND
The Fund's investment adviser is Federated Global Research Corp. (the
"Adviser"). It is a subsidiary of Federated Investors. All the voting securities
of Federated Investors are owned by a trust, the trustees of which are John F.
Donahue, his wife, and his son, J. Christopher Donahue.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Corporation, the Fund, or any shareholder
of the Fund for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or
sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or
omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or
reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the
Corporation.
ADVISORY FEES
For its advisory services, the Adviser receives an annual investment advisory
fee as described in each prospectus.
STATE EXPENSE LIMITATIONS
The Adviser has undertaken to comply with the expense limitations
established by certain states for investment companies whose shares are
registered for sale in those states. If the Fund's normal operating
expenses (including the investment advisory fee, but not including
brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, and extraordinary expenses) exceed
2-1/2% per year of the first $30 million of average net assets, 2% per year
of the next $70 million of average net assets, and 1-1/2% per year of the
remaining average net assets, the Adviser will reimburse the Fund for its
expenses over the limitation.
If the Fund's monthly projected operating expenses exceed this limitation,
the investment advisory fee paid will be reduced by the amount of the
excess, subject to an annual adjustment. If the expense limitation is
exceeded, the amount to be reimbursed by the Adviser will be limited, in
any single fiscal year, by the amount of the investment advisory fee.
This arrangement is not part of the advisory contract and may be amended or
rescinded in the future.
OTHER RELATED SERVICES
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic
equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the
purchase of shares of funds offered by Federated Securities Corp.
OTHER SERVICES
FUND ADMINISTRATION
Federated Administrative Services, a subsidiary of Federated Investors, provides
administrative personnel and services to the Fund for a fee as described in each
prospectus. Dr. Henry J. Gailliot, an officer of Federated Global Research
Corp., the Adviser to the Fund, holds approximately 20% of the outstanding
common stock and serves as a director of Commercial Data Services, Inc., a
company which provides computer processing services to Federated Administrative
Services.
CUSTODIAN
State Street Bank and Trust Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-
8600, is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund. Foreign instruments
purchased by the Fund are held by foreign banks participating in a network
coordinated by State Street Bank.
TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT
Federated Services Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600, is
transfer agent for the Shares of the Fund, and dividend disbursing agent for the
Fund. The fee paid to the transfer agent is based upon the size, type, and
number of accounts and transactions made by shareholders.
Federated Services Company also maintains the Fund's accounting records. The
fee paid for this service is based upon the level of the Fund's average net
assets for the period plus out-of-pocket expenses.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The independent auditors for the Fund are Ernst & Young LLP, One Oxford Centre,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The Adviser may select brokers and dealers who offer brokerage and research
services. These services may be furnished directly to the Fund or to the Adviser
and may include:
o advice as to the advisability of investing in securities;
o security analysis and reports;
o economic studies;
o industry studies;
o receipt of quotations for portfolio evaluations; and
o similar services.
The Adviser and its affiliates exercise reasonable business judgment in
selecting brokers who offer brokerage and research services to execute
securities transactions. They determine in good faith that commissions charged
by such persons are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research services provided.
Research services provided by brokers may be used by the Adviser or by
affiliates of Federated Investors in advising other accounts. To the extent that
receipt of these services may supplant services for which the Adviser or its
affiliates might otherwise have paid, it would tend to reduce their expenses.
Although investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of
the other accounts managed by the Adviser, investments of the type the Fund may
make may also be made by those other accounts. When the Fund and one or more
other accounts managed by the Adviser are prepared to invest in, or desire to
dispose of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales
will be allocated in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable to each.
In some cases, this procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by
the Fund or the size of the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. In
other cases, however, it is believed that coordination and the ability to
participate in volume transactions will be to the benefit of the Fund.
The Adviser may engage in other non-U.S. transactions that may have adverse
effects on the market for securities in the Fund's portfolio. The Adviser is
not obligated to obtain any material non-public ("inside") information about any
securities issuer, or to base purchase or sale recommendations on such
information.
PURCHASING SHARES
Except under certain circumstances described in each prospectus, Shares are sold
at their net asset value (plus a sales load on Class A Shares only) on days the
New York Stock Exchange is open for business. The procedure for purchasing
Shares is explained in each prospectus under "How To Purchase Shares."
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES AGREEMENT
These arrangements permit the payment of fees to financial institutions, the
distributor, and Federated Shareholder Services as appropriate, to stimulate
distribution activities and to cause services to be provided to shareholders by
a representative who has knowledge of the shareholder's particular circumstances
and goals. These activities and services may include, but are not limited to,
marketing efforts; providing office space, equipment, telephone facilities, and
various clerical, supervisory, computer, and other personnel as necessary or
beneficial to establish and maintain shareholder accounts and records;
processing purchase and redemption transactions and automatic investments of
client account cash balances; answering routine client inquiries; and assisting
clients in changing dividend options, account designations, and addresses.
By adopting the Distribution Plan, the Directors expect that the Class A Shares,
Class B Shares, and Class C Shares of the Fund will be able to achieve a more
predictable flow of cash for investment purposes and to meet redemptions. This
will facilitate more efficient portfolio management and assist the Fund in
pursuing its investment objectives. By identifying potential investors whose
needs are served by the Fund's objectives, and properly servicing these
accounts, it may be possible to curb sharp fluctuations in rates of redemptions
and sales.
Other benefits, which may be realized under either arrangement, may include: (1)
providing personal services to shareholders; (2) investing shareholder assets
with a minimum of delay and administrative detail; (3) enhancing shareholder
recordkeeping systems; and (4) responding promptly to shareholders' requests and
inquiries concerning their accounts.
CONVERSION TO FEDERAL FUNDS
It is the Fund's policy to be as fully invested as possible so that maximum
interest may be earned. To this end, all payments from shareholders must be in
federal funds or be converted into federal funds before shareholders begin to
earn dividends. Federated Services Company acts as the shareholder's agent in
depositing checks and converting them to federal funds.
PURCHASES BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES, DIRECTORS, AND EMPLOYEES OF THE FUND
Directors, employees, and sales representatives of the Fund, Federated Global
Research Corp., and Federated Securities Corp. or their affiliates, or any
investment dealer who has a sales agreement with Federated Securities Corp. and
their spouses and children under 21, may buy Class A Shares at net asset value
without a sales load. Shares may also be sold without a sales load to trusts or
pension or profit-sharing plans for these people.
These sales are made with the purchaser's written assurance that the purchase is
for investment purposes and that the securities will not be resold except
through redemption by the Fund.
DETERMINING NET ASSET VALUE
Net asset value generally changes each day. The days on which net asset value is
calculated by the Fund are described in each prospectus.
DETERMINING MARKET VALUE OF SECURITIES
Market values of the Fund's portfolio securities, other than options, are
determined as follows:
o for equity securities, according to the last sale price in the market in
which they are primarily traded (either a national securities exchange or
the over-the-counter market), if available;
o in the absence of recorded sales for equity securities, according to the
mean between the last closing bid and asked prices;
o for bonds and other fixed income securities, as determined by an
independent pricing service;
o for short-term obligations, according to the prices as furnished by an
independent pricing service, except that short-term obligations with
remaining maturities of less than 60 days at the time of purchase may be
valued at amortized cost; and
o for all other securities, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Directors.
Prices provided by independent pricing services may be determined without
relying exclusively on quoted prices and may consider: insititutional trading in
similar groups of securities, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of
issue, trading characteristics, and other market data.
The Fund will value futures contracts and options at their market values
established by the exchanges on which they are traded at the close of trading on
such exchanges unless the Directors determine in good faith that another method
of valuing such investments is necessary.
TRADING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES
Trading in foreign securities may be completed at times which vary from the
closing of the New York Stock Exchange. In computing the net asset value, the
Fund values foreign securities at the latest closing price on the exchange on
which they are traded immediately prior to the closing of the New York Stock
Exchange. Certain foreign currency exchange rates may also be determined at the
latest rate prior to the closing of the New York Stock Exchange. Foreign
securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at
current rates. Occasionally, events that affect these values and exchange rates
may occur between the times at which they are determined and the closing of the
New York Stock Exchange. If such events materially affect the value of
portfolio securities, these securities may be valued at their fair value as
determined in good faith by the Directors, although the actual calculation may
be done by others.
REDEEMING SHARES
The Fund redeems Shares at the next computed net asset value, less any
applicable contingent deferred sales charge, after the Fund receives the
redemption request. Redemption procedures are explained in each prospectus under
"How To Redeem Shares." Although the transfer agent does not charge for
telephone redemptions, it reserves the right to charge a fee for the cost of
wire-transferred redemptions of less than $5,000.
Class B Shares redeemed within six years of purchase and Class C Shares and
applicable Class A Shares redeemed within one year of purchase may be subject to
a contingent deferred sales charge. The amount of the contingent deferred sales
charge is based upon the amount of the administrative fee paid at the time of
purchase by the distributor to the financial institution for services rendered,
and the length of time the investor remains a shareholder in the Fund. Should
financial institutions elect to receive an amount less than the administrative
fee that is stated in the prospectus for servicing a particular shareholder, the
contingent deferred sales charge and/or holding period for that particular
shareholder will be reduced accordingly.
Since portfolio securities of the Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges which
trade on Saturdays or on holidays on which the Fund will not make redemptions,
the net asset value of each class of Shares of the Fund may be significantly
affected on days when shareholders do not have an opportunity to redeem their
Shares.
REDEMPTION IN KIND
Although the Corporation intends to redeem Shares in cash, it reserves the right
under certain circumstances to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a
distribution of securities from the respective Fund's portfolio. To the extent
available, such securities will be readily marketable.
The Corporation has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 of the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, under which the Corporation is obligated to
redeem Shares for any one shareholder in cash only up to the lesser of $250,000
or 1% of the respective class's net asset value during any 90-day period.
Any redemption beyond this amount will also be in cash unless the Directors
determine that payment should be in kind. In such a case, the Fund will pay all
or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio instruments, valued
in the same way as the Fund determines net asset value. The portfolio
instruments will be selected in a manner that the Directors deem fair and
equitable.
Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. If redemption is made
in kind, shareholders receiving their securities and selling them before their
maturity could receive less than the redemption value of their securities and
could incur certain transaction costs.
TAX STATUS
THE FUND'S TAX STATUS
The Fund will pay no federal income tax because it expects to meet the
requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,
applicable to regulated investment companies and to receive the special tax
treatment afforded to such companies. To qualify for this treatment, the Fund
must, among other requirements:
o derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, and gains
from the sale of securities;
o derive less than 30% of its gross income from the sale of securities held
less than three months;
o invest in securities within certain statutory limits; and
o distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its net income earned during
the year.
However, the Fund may invest in the stock of certain foreign corporations which
would constitute a Passive Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"). Federal income
taxes may be imposed on the Fund upon disposition of PFIC investments.
FOREIGN TAXES
Investment income on certain foreign securities in which the Fund may invest may
be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes that could reduce the return on
these securities. Tax treaties between the United States and foreign countries,
however, may reduce or eliminate the amount of foreign taxes to which the Fund
would be subject.
SHAREHOLDERS' TAX STATUS
Shareholders are subject to federal income tax on dividends and capital gains
received as cash or additional Shares. The Fund's dividends, and any short-term
capital gains, are taxable as ordinary income.
CAPITAL GAINS
Shareholders will pay federal tax at capital gains rates on long-term
capital gains distributed to them regardless of how long they have held the
Fund Shares.
TOTAL RETURN
The average annual total return for each class of Shares of the Fund is the
average compounded rate of return for a given period that would equate a $1,000
initial investment to the ending redeemable value of that investment. The ending
redeemable value is computed by multiplying the number of Shares owned at the
end of the period by the net asset value per share at the end of the period. The
number of Shares owned at the end of the period is based on the number of Shares
purchased at the beginning of the period with $1,000, less any applicable sales
load, adjusted over the period by any additional Shares, assuming the annual
reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge is deducted from the ending
value of the investment based on the lesser of the original purchase price or
the net asset value of Shares redeemed.
YIELD
The yield for each class of Shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the net
investment income per share (as defined by the Securities and Exchange
Commission) earned by any class of Shares over a thirty-day period by the
maximum offering price per share of the respective class on the last day of the
period. This value is annualized using semi-annual compounding. This means that
the amount of income generated during the thirty-day period is assumed to be
generated each month over a 12-month period and is reinvested every six months.
The yield does not necessarily reflect income actually earned by the Fund
because of certain adjustments required by the Securities and Exchange
Commission and, therefore, may not correlate to the dividends or other
distributions paid to the shareholders.
To the extent that financial institutions and broker/dealers charge fees in
connection with services provided in conjunction with an investment in any class
of Shares, the performance will be reduced for those shareholders paying those
fees.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS
The performance of each of the classes of Shares depends upon such variables as:
o portfolio quality;
o average portfolio maturity;
o type of instruments in which the portfolio is invested;
o changes in interest rates and market value of portfolio securities;
o changes in the Fund's or any class of Shares' expenses; and
o various other factors.
The Fund's performance fluctuates on a daily basis largely because net earnings
and offering price per Share fluctuate daily. Both net earnings and offering
price per Share are factors in the computation of yield and total return.
Investors may use financial publications and/or indices to obtain a more
complete view of the Fund's performance. When comparing performance, investors
should consider all relevant factors such as the composition of any index used,
prevailing market conditions, portfolio compositions of other funds, and methods
used to value portfolio securities and compute offering price. The financial
publications and/or indices which the Fund uses in advertising may include:
o STANDARD & POOR'S DAILY STOCK PRICE INDEX OF 500 COMMON STOCKS (S&P 500), a
composite index of common stocks in industry, transportation, and financial
and public utility companies, can be used to compare to the total returns
of funds whose portfolios are invested primarily in common stocks. In
addition, the S & P 500 assumes reinvestments of all dividends paid by
stocks listed on its index. Taxes due on any of these distributions are not
included, nor are brokerage or other fees calculated in the Standard &
Poor's figures.
o LIPPER ANALYTICAL SERVICES, INC., ranks funds in various fund categories by
making comparative calculations using total return. Total return assumes
the reinvestment of all capital gains distributions and income dividends
and takes into account any change in net asset value over a specified
period of time. From time to time, the Fund will quote its Lipper ranking
in the "international small company funds" category in advertising and
sales literature.
o MORGAN STANLEY CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL WORLD INDICES, including, among
others, the Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australia, Far
East Index ("EAFE Index"). The EAFE Index is an unmanaged index of more
than 1,000 companies of Europe, Australia, and the Far East.
o IBBOTSON ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONAL BOND INDEX, which provides a detailed
breakdown of local market and currency returns since 1960.
o BEAR STEARNS FOREIGN BOND INDEX, which provides simple average returns for
individual countries and GNP-weighted index, beginning in 1975. The
returns are broken down by local market and currency.
o FINANCIAL TIMES ACTUARIES INDICES, including the FTA-Mid/Small Cap Index
(and components thereof), which is based on stocks in the major world
equity markets.
o MORNINGSTAR, INC. , an independent rating service, is the publisher of the
bi-weekly Mutual Fund Values. Mutual Fund Values rates more than 1,000
NASDAQ-listed mutual funds of all types, according to their risk-adjusted
returns. The maximum rating is five stars, and ratings are effective for
two weeks.
From time to time, the Fund may quote information including but not limited to
data regarding: individual countries, regions, world stock exchanges, and
economic and demographic statistics from sources deemed reliable.
Advertisements and other sales literature for any class of Shares may quote
total returns which are calculated on non-standardized base periods. These total
returns also represent the historic change in the value of an investment in any
class of Shares based on annual reinvestment of dividends over a specified
period of time.
From time to time as it deems appropriate, the Fund may advertise the
performance of any class of Shares using charts, graphs, and descriptions,
compared to federally insured bank products including certificates of deposit
and time deposits and to money market funds using the Lipper Analytical Services
money market instruments average. In addition, advertising and sales literature
for the Fund may use charts and graphs to illustrate the principles of dollar-
cost averaging and may disclose the amount of dividends paid by the Fund over
certain periods of time.
Advertisements may quote performance information which does not reflect the
effect of the sales load on Class A Shares.
ABOUT FEDERATED INVESTORS
Federated Investors is dedicated to meeting investor needs which is reflected in
its investment decision making-structured, straightforward, and consistent.
This has resulted in a history of competitive performance with a range of
competitive investment products that have gained the confidence of thousands of
clients and their customers.
The company's disciplined security selection process is firmly rooted in sound
methodologies backed by fundamental and technical research. Investment
decisions are made and executed by teams of portfolio managers, analysts, and
traders dedicated to specific market sectors.
In the equity sector, Federated Investors has more than 25 years' experience.
As of December 31, 1994, Federated managed 15 equity funds totaling
approximately $4 billion in assets across growth, value, equity income,
international, index and sector (i.e. utility) styles. Federated's value-
oriented management style combines quantitative and qualitative analysis and
features a structured, computer-assisted composite modeling system that was
developed in the 1970s.
J. Thomas Madden, Executive Vice President, oversees Federated Investors' equity
and high yield corporate bond management while William D. Dawson, Executive Vice
President, oversees Federated Investors' domestic fixed income management.
Henry A. Frantzen, Executive Vice President, oversees the management of
Federated Investors' international portfolios.
MUTUAL FUND MARKET
Twenty-seven percent of American households are pursuing their financial goals
through mutual funds. These investors, as well as businesses and institutions,
have entrusted over $2 trillion to the more than 5,500 funds available.*
Federated Investors, through its subsidiaries, distributes mutual funds for a
variety of investment applications. Specific markets include:
*source: Investment Company Institute
INSTITUTIONAL
Federated Investors meets the needs of more than 4,000 institutional clients
nationwide by managing and servicing separate accounts and mutual funds for a
variety of applications, including defined benefit and defined contribution
programs, cash management, and asset/liability management. Institutional
clients include corporations, pension funds, tax-exempt entities,
foundations/endowments, insurance companies, and investment and financial
advisors. The marketing effort to these institutional clients is headed by
John B. Fisher, President, Institutional Sales Division.
TRUST ORGANIZATIONS
Other institutional clients include close relationships with more than 1,500
banks and trust organizations. Virtually all of the trust divisions of the top
100 bank holding companies use Federated funds in their clients' portfolios.
The marketing effort to trust clients is headed by Mark R. Gensheimer, Executive
Vice President, Bank Marketing & Sales.
BROKER/DEALERS AND BANK BROKER/DEALER SUBSIDIARIES
Federated funds are available to consumers through major brokerage firms
nationwide--including 200 New York Stock Exchange firms--supported by more
wholesalers than any other mutual fund distributor. The marketing effort to
these firms is headed by James F. Getz, President, Broker/Dealer Division.
APPENDIX
STANDARD AND POOR'S RATINGS GROUP LONG TERM DEBT RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's Ratings
Group. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA--Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
and differs from the higher rated issues only in small degree.
A--Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB--Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest
and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for
debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
BB--Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other
speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure
to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to
inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB
rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied BBB- rating.
B--Debt rated B has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the
capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business,
financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to
pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt
subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB-
rating.
CCC--Debt rated CCC has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and
is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet
timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the
capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also
used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied
B or B- rating.
CC--The rating CC typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that
is assigned an actual or implied CCC debt rating.
C--The rating C typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which
is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating. The C rating may be used to
cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service
payments are continued.
CI--The rating CI is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being
paid.
D--Debt rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when
interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the
applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's Ratings Group
believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating
also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service
payments are jeopardized.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. LONG TERM BOND RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Bonds which are rated AAA are judged to be of the best quality. They carry
the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt
edged". Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable
margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely
to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
fundamentally strong position of such issues.
AA--Bonds which are rated AA are judged to be of high quality by all standards.
Together with the AAA group, they comprise what are generally known as high
grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in AAA securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in AAA securities.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are
to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which
suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
BAA--Bonds which are rated BAA are considered as medium grade obligations,
(i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments
and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well.
BA--Bonds which are BA are judged to have speculative elements; their future
cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and
principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during
both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes
bonds in this class.
B--Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of
other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
CAA--Bonds which are rated CAA are of poor standing. Such issues may be in
default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or
interest.
CA--Bonds which are rated CA represent obligations which are speculative in a
high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked
shortcomings.
C--Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so
rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any
real investment standing.
FITCH INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. LONG-TERM DEBT RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality.
The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay
principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The
obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although
not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA
categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments,
short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
A--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The
obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be
strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and
circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
BBB--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality.
The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be
adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are
more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore, impair timely
payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below
investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.
BB--Bonds are considered speculative. The obligor's ability to pay interest and
repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However,
business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the
obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B--Bonds are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are
currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely
payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor's limited margin of
safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the
life of the issue.
CCC--Bonds have certain indentifiable characteristics which, if not remedied,
may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous
business and economic environment.
CC--Bonds are minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or
principal seems probable over time.
C--Bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal.
DDD, DD, AND D--Bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments.
Such bonds are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their
ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD
represents the highest potential for recovery on these bonds, and D represents
the lowest potential for recovery.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
PRIME-1--Issuers rated PRIME-1 (or related supporting institutions) have a
superior capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. PRIME-1
repayment capacity will normally be evidenced by the following characteristics:
- - Leading market positions in well established industries.
- - High rates of return on funds employed.
- - Conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample
asset protection.
- - Broad margins in earning coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal
cash generation.
- - Well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of
alternate liquidity.
PRIME-2--Issuers rated PRIME-2 (or related supporting institutions) have a
strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This will
normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser
degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject
to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be
more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
STANDARD AND POOR'S RATINGS GROUP COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
A-1--This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely
payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety
characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.
A-2--Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is
satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for
issues designated A-1.
FITCH INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. COMMERCIAL PAPER RATING DEFINITIONS
FITCH-1--(Highest Grade) Commercial paper assigned this rating is regarded as
having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
FITCH-2--(Very Good Grade) Issues assigned this rating reflect an assurance of
timely payment only slightly less in degree than the strongest issues.
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR
MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR
THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE
UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS
OF ANY SUCH STATE.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED JANUARY 17, 1996
FEDERATED LATIN AMERICAN GROWTH FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
PROSPECTUS
The Class A Shares of Federated Latin American Growth Fund (the "Fund")
represent interests in a diversified portfolio of World Investment Series, Inc.
(the "Corporation"), an open-end management investment company (a mutual fund).
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income received from the portfolio is incidental. The Fund pursues its
investment objective by investing primarily in equity securities of Latin
American companies.
THE CLASS A SHARES OFFERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF
ANY BANK, ARE NOT ENDORSED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY BANK, AND ARE NOT INSURED BY THE
FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER
GOVERNMENT AGENCY. INVESTMENT IN THESE CLASS A SHARES INVOLVES INVESTMENT RISKS,
INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF PRINCIPAL.
This prospectus contains the information you should read and know before you
invest in the Class A Shares of the Fund. Keep this prospectus for future
reference.
The Fund has also filed a Statement of Additional Information for Class A
Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares dated February 13, 1996, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. The information contained in the Statement
of Additional Information is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You
may request a copy of the Statement of Additional Information or a paper copy of
this prospectus, if you have received your prospectus electronically, free of
charge by calling 1-800-235-4669. To obtain other information or to make
inquiries about the Fund, contact your financial institution.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
Prospectus dated February 13, 1996
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES 1
- ------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION 2
- ------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT INFORMATION 2
- ------------------------------------------------------
Investment Objective 2
Investment Policies 3
Investment Limitations 13
NET ASSET VALUE 13
- ------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES 14
- ------------------------------------------------------
What Shares Cost 14
Special Purchase Features 17
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE 17
- ------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES 19
- ------------------------------------------------------
Special Redemption Features 20
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge 20
Elimination of Contingent Deferred
Sales Charge 21
ACCOUNT AND SHARE INFORMATION 21
- ------------------------------------------------------
CORPORATION INFORMATION 22
- ------------------------------------------------------
Management of the Corporation 22
Distribution of Class A Shares 23
Administration of the Fund 25
Expenses of the Fund and
Class A Shares 25
Brokerage Transactions 25
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 26
- ------------------------------------------------------
Voting Rights 26
TAX INFORMATION 26
- ------------------------------------------------------
Federal Income Tax 26
State and Local Taxes 27
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION 27
- ------------------------------------------------------
OTHER CLASSES OF SHARES 28
- ------------------------------------------------------
ADDRESSES 29
- ------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
CLASS A SHARES
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION EXPENSES
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price).................... 5.50%
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Reinvested Dividends (as a percentage of offering price)......... None
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (as a percentage of original purchase price
or redemption proceeds, as applicable)(1).................................................... 0.00%
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable)............................. None
Exchange Fee................................................................................... None
ANNUAL OPERATING EXPENSES
(As a percentage of projected average net assets)*
Management Fee (after waiver)(2)............................................................... 0.32%
12b-1 Fee(3)................................................................................... 0.00%
Total Other Expenses........................................................................... 1.65%
Shareholder Services Fee.......................................................... 0.25%
Total Operating Expenses(4)........................................................... 1.97%
</TABLE>
(1) Class A Shares purchased with the proceeds of a redemption of shares of an
unaffiliated investment company purchased or redeemed with a sales load and not
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. may be charged a contingent deferred
sales charge of 0.50% for redemptions made within one full year of purchase. See
"Contingent Deferred Sales Charge."
(2) The estimated management fee has been reduced to reflect the anticipated
voluntary waiver of a portion of the management fee. The adviser can terminate
this anticipated voluntary waiver at any time at its sole discretion. The
maximum management fee is 1.25%.
(3) Class A Shares have no present intention of paying or accruing the 12b-1 fee
during the fiscal year ending November 30, 1996. If Class A Shares were paying
or accruing the 12b-1 fee, Class A Shares would be able to pay up to 0.25% of
its average daily net assets for the 12b-1 fee. See "Corporation Information."
(4) The operating expenses are estimated to be 2.90% absent the anticipated
voluntary waiver of a portion of the management fee.
* Total operating expenses in the table above are estimated based on average
expenses expected to be incurred during the period ending November 30, 1996.
During the course of this period, expenses may be more or less than the
average amount shown.
The purpose of this table is to assist an investor in understanding the
various costs and expenses that a shareholder of Class A Shares will bear,
either directly or indirectly. For more complete descriptions of the various
costs and expenses, see "What Shares Cost" and "Corporation Information."
Wire-transferred redemptions of less than $5,000 may be subject to additional
fees.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXAMPLE 1 year 3 years
------ -------
<S> <C> <C>
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming (1) 5% annual
return and (2) redemption at the end of each time period........................... $ 79 $ 113
You would pay the following expenses on the same investment, assuming no
redemption......................................................................... $ 74 $ 113
</TABLE>
THE ABOVE EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE
EXPENSES. ACTUAL EXPENSES MAY BE GREATER OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN. THIS EXAMPLE
IS BASED ON ESTIMATED DATA FOR THE CLASS A SHARES' FISCAL YEAR ENDING NOVEMBER
30, 1996.
GENERAL INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Corporation was established under the laws of the state of Maryland on
January 25, 1994. The Corporation's address is Federated Investors Tower,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779. The Articles of Incorporation permit the
Corporation to offer separate series of shares representing interests in
separate portfolios of securities. As of the date of this prospectus, the Board
of Directors (the "Directors") has established three classes of shares for the
Fund, known as Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares. This
prospectus relates only to the Class A Shares (the "Shares") of the Fund.
Shares of the Fund are designed for individuals and institutions seeking
long-term growth of capital by investing primarily in equity securities of Latin
American companies.
For information on how to purchase Shares of the Fund, please refer to "How to
Purchase Shares." The minimum initial investment for Class A Shares is $500.
However, the minimum initial investment for a retirement account is $50.
Subsequent investments must be in amounts of at least $100, except for
retirement plans which must be in amounts of at least $50.
In general, Class A Shares are sold at net asset value plus an applicable sales
load and are redeemed at net asset value. However, a contingent deferred sales
charge is imposed under certain circumstances. For a more complete description,
see "How to Redeem Shares."
In addition, the Fund also pays a shareholder services fee at an annual rate not
to exceed 0.25% of average daily net assets.
Information regarding the exchange privilege offered with respect to the Fund
and certain other funds for which affiliates of Federated Investors serve as
investment adviser or principal underwriter (the "Federated Funds") can be found
under "Exchange Privilege."
Investors should be aware of the following general observations. The Fund may
make certain investments and employ certain investment techniques that involve
risks, including, but not limited to, investing in non-U.S. issuers, entering
into repurchase agreements, investing in when-issued securities, lending
portfolio securities, and entering into futures contracts and related options.
These risks are described under "Investment Policies."
The Fund's current net asset value and offering price can be found in the mutual
funds section of local newspapers under "Federated Liberty Funds."
INVESTMENT INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund seeks to provide long-term growth of capital. Any income received from
the portfolio is incidental. The investment objective of the Fund cannot be
changed without the approval of the shareholders. While there is no assurance
that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by
following the investment policies described in this prospectus.
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in equity
securities of Latin American companies. Under normal market conditions, the Fund
will invest at least 65% of its total assets in equity securities of Latin
American companies. For purposes of this prospectus, Latin America is defined as
Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Spanish-speaking islands of the
Caribbean.
Latin American companies are defined as (i) those organized under the laws of,
or with a principal office located in, a Latin American country or (ii) those
for which the principal securities trading market is in Latin America or (iii)
those, wherever organized or traded, which derived (directly or indirectly
through subsidiaries) at least 50% of their total assets, capitalization, gross
revenue or profit in their most current fiscal year from goods produced,
services performed, or sales made in Latin America.
Although the Fund may invest in securities of issuers located in any country in
Latin America, the Fund expects to focus its investments in the most developed
capital markets of Latin America, which currently include: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The Fund may
invest in other countries of Latin America when their markets become
sufficiently developed, in the opinion of the investment adviser. The Fund
intends to allocate its investments among at least three countries at all times
and does not expect to concentrate investments in any particular industry.
Unless indicated otherwise, the investment policies of the Fund may be changed
by the Board of Directors (the "Directors") without the approval of the
shareholders of the Fund. Shareholders will be notified before any material
change in these policies becomes effective.
ACCEPTABLE INVESTMENTS. The equity securities in which the Fund may invest
include common stock, preferred stock (either convertible or non-convertible),
sponsored or unsponsored depositary receipts or shares, and warrants, including
other substantially similar forms of equity with comparable risk characteristics
as well as other forms which may be developed in the future. Securities may be
purchased on securities exchanges, traded over-the-counter, or have no organized
market. The Fund may also purchase corporate and government fixed income
securities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars; enter into forward
commitments, repurchase agreements and foreign currency transactions; maintain
reserves in foreign or U.S. money market instruments and cash; and purchase
options and financial futures contracts.
COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK. Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company.
Generally, preferred stock has a specified dividend and ranks after bonds and
before common stocks in its claim on income for dividend payments and on assets
should the company be liquidated. After other claims are satisfied, common
stockholders participate in company profits on a pro rata basis; profits may be
paid out in dividends or reinvested in the company to help it grow. Increases
and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price, so
common stocks generally have the greatest appreciation and depreciation
potential of all corporate securities. While most preferred stocks pay a
dividend, the Fund may purchase preferred stock where the issuer has omitted, or
is in danger of omitting, payment of its dividend. Such investments would be
made primarily for their capital appreciation potential.
In selecting securities, the investment adviser typically evaluates industry
trends, a company's financial strength, its competitive position in domestic and
export markets, technology, recent developments and profitability, together with
overall growth prospects. Other considerations generally include quality and
depth of management, government regulation, and availability and cost of labor
and raw materials. Investment decisions are made without regard to arbitrary
criteria as to minimum asset size, debt-equity ratios or dividend history of
portfolio companies.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. The Fund may invest in foreign issuers by purchasing
sponsored or unsponsored securities representing underlying international
securities such as American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), American Depositary
Shares ("ADSs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global Depositary
Receipts ("GDRs"), Global Depositary Certificates ("GDCs"), and International
Depositary Receipts ("IDRs") or securities convertible into foreign equity
securities. ADRs and ADSs typically are issued by a United States bank or trust
company and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes referred to as Continental Depositary
Receipts ("CDRs"), GDRs, GDCs, and IDRs are typically issued by foreign banks or
trust companies, although they also may be issued by United States banks or
trust companies, and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by
either a foreign or a United States corporation. ADRs, ADSs, CDRs, EDRs, GDRs,
GDCs, and IDRs are collectively known as "Depositary Receipts." Depositary
Receipts may be available for investment through "sponsored" or "unsponsored"
facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the
security underlying the receipt and a depositary, whereas an unsponsored
facility may be established by a depositary without participation by the issuer
of the receipt's underlying security. Holders of an unsponsored Depositary
Receipt generally bear all the costs of the unsponsored facility. The depositary
of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute
shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or
to pass through to the holders of the receipts voting rights with respect to the
deposited securities.
DEBT SECURITIES. In pursuit of the Fund's objective of long-term growth of
capital, the Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in debt securities.
Capital appreciation in debt securities may arise as a result of favorable
changes in the creditworthiness of issuers, relative interest rate levels, or
relative foreign exchange rates. Any income received from debt securities is
incidental to the Fund's objective of long-term growth of capital. These debt
obligations consist of U.S. and foreign government securities and corporate debt
securities, including, but not limited to, Yankee bonds, Eurobonds and
depositary receipts. The issuers of such debt securities may or may not be
domiciled in Latin America.
The Fund may also invest in certain debt obligations customarily referred to as
"Brady Bonds," that have been created through the exchange of existing
commercial bank loans to Latin American public and private entities for new
bonds in connection with debt restructurings under a debt restructuring plan
announced by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Nicholas F. Brady (the "Brady
Plan"). Brady Bonds have been issued only recently and for that reason do not
have a long payment history. Brady Bonds may be collateralized or
uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (primarily the U.S. dollar)
and are actively traded in the over-the-counter secondary market for Latin
American debt instruments. Brady Bonds are neither issued nor guaranteed by the
U.S. government.
The debt securities in which the Fund may invest may be rated, at the time of
purchase, BB or lower by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("S&P") or Fitch
Investors Service, Inc. ("Fitch") or Ba or lower by Moody's Investors Service,
Inc. ("Moody's"), or, if unrated, are of comparable quality as determined by
the investment adviser. The prices of fixed income securities generally
fluctuate inversely to the direction of interest rates.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in convertible securities rated, at
the time of purchase, BB or lower by S&P or Fitch or Ba or lower by Moody's, or,
if unrated, are of comparable quality as determined by the investment adviser.
Convertible securities are fixed income securities which may be exchanged or
converted into a predetermined number of the issuer's underlying common stock at
the option of the holder during a specified time period. Convertible securities
may take the form of convertible bonds, convertible preferred stock or
debentures, units consisting of "usable" bonds and warrants or a combination of
the features of several of these securities. The investment characteristics of
each convertible security vary widely, which allows convertible securities to be
employed for a variety of different investment strategies. In selecting a
convertible security, the investment adviser evaluates the investment
characteristics of the convertible security as a fixed income investment, and
the investment potential of the underlying security for capital appreciation.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES. Due to restrictions on
direct investment by foreign entities in certain Latin American markets,
investments in other investment companies may be the most practical or only
manner in which the Fund can participate in the securities markets of certain
countries in Latin America. The Fund may also invest in other investment
companies for the purpose of investing its short-term cash on a temporary basis.
The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in the securities of other
investment companies. To the extent that the Fund invests in securities issued
by other investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate
share of any fees and expenses paid by such companies, in addition to the fees
and expenses payable directly by the Fund.
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in restricted
securities. Restricted securities are any securities in which the Fund may
otherwise invest pursuant to its investment objective and policies but which are
subject to restrictions on resale under federal securities law. Restricted
securities may be issued by new and early stage companies which may include a
high degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial
losses. As a result of the absence of a public trading market for these
securities, they may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although
these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices
realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by the Fund,
or less than what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Further,
companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the
disclosure and other investor protection requirements which might be applicable
if their securities were publicly traded. If such securities are required to be
registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being
resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expense of registration. The Fund
will limit investments in illiquid securities, including certain restricted
securities not determined by the Directors to be liquid, over-the counter
options, swap agreements not determined to be liquid, and repurchase agreements
providing for settlement in more than seven days after notice, to 15% of its net
assets.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may invest in repurchase agreements. Repurchase
agreements are arrangements by which the Fund purchases a security for cash and
obtains a simultaneous commitment from the seller (usually a bank or
broker/dealer) to repurchase the security at an agreed-
upon price and specified future date. The repurchase price reflects an
agreed-upon interest rate for the time period of the agreement. The Fund's risk
is the inability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon price on the delivery
date. However, this risk is tempered by the ability of the Fund to sell the
security in the open market in the case of a default. In such a case, the Fund
may incur costs in disposing of the security which would increase Fund expenses.
The investment adviser will monitor the creditworthiness of the firms with which
the Fund enters into repurchase agreements.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase securities
on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. These transactions are arrangements
in which the Fund purchases securities with payment and delivery scheduled for
different times in the future. The seller's failure to complete these
transactions may cause the Fund to miss a price or yield considered to be
advantageous. Settlement dates may be a month or more after entering into these
transactions, and the market values of the securities purchased may vary from
the purchase prices. Accordingly, the Fund may pay more or less than the market
value of the securities on the settlement date.
The Fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if the investment
adviser deems it appropriate to do so. In addition, the Fund may enter into
transactions to sell its purchase commitments to third parties at current market
values and simultaneously acquire other commitments to purchase similar
securities at later dates. The Fund may realize short-term profits or losses
upon the sale of such commitments.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES. In order to generate additional income, the
Fund may lend portfolio securities on a short-term or long-term basis, to
broker/dealers, banks, or other institutional borrowers of securities. The Fund
will only enter into loan arrangements with broker/dealers, banks, or other
institutions which the investment adviser has determined are creditworthy under
guidelines established by the Directors and will receive collateral in the form
of cash or U.S. government securities equal to at least 100% of the value of the
securities loaned at all times.
There is the risk that when lending portfolio securities, the securities may not
be available to the Fund on a timely basis and the Fund may, therefore, lose the
opportunity to sell the securities at a desirable price. In addition, in the
event that a borrower of securities would file for bankruptcy or become
insolvent, disposition of the securities may be delayed pending court action.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS. For temporary defensive purposes, when the investment
adviser determines that market conditions warrant (up to 100% of total assets)
and to maintain liquidity (up to 35% of total assets), the Fund may invest in
U.S. and foreign debt instruments as well as cash or cash equivalents, including
foreign and domestic money market instruments, short-term government and
corporate obligations, and repurchase agreements.
FORWARD COMMITMENTS. Forward commitments are contracts to purchase securities
for a fixed price at a date beyond customary settlement time. The Fund may enter
into these contracts if liquid securities in amounts sufficient to meet the
purchase price are segregated on the Fund's records at the trade date and
maintained until the transaction has been settled. Risk is involved if the value
of the security declines before settlement. Although the Fund enters into
forward commitments with the intention of acquiring the security, it may dispose
of the commitment prior to settlement and realize short-term profit or loss.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. The Fund will enter into foreign currency
transactions to obtain the necessary currencies to settle securities
transactions. Currency transactions may be conducted either on a spot or cash
basis at prevailing rates or through forward foreign currency exchange
contracts.
The Fund may also enter into foreign currency transactions to protect Fund
assets against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates or exchange
control regulations. Such changes could unfavorably affect the value of Fund
assets which are denominated in foreign currencies, such as foreign securities
or funds deposited in foreign banks, as measured in U.S. dollars. Although
foreign currency exchanges may be used by the Fund to protect against a decline
in the value of one or more currencies, such efforts may also limit any
potential gain that might result from a relative increase in the value of such
currencies and might, in certain cases, result in losses to the Fund. Further,
the Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the
relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations.
Cross-hedging transactions by the Fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation
between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions
relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability that
is the subject of the hedge.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS. A forward foreign currency exchange
contract ("forward contract") is an obligation to purchase or sell an amount of
a particular currency at a specific price and on a future date agreed upon by
the parties.
Generally, no commission charges or deposits are involved. At the time the Fund
enters into a forward contract, Fund assets with a value equal to the Fund's
obligation under the forward contract are segregated and are maintained until
the contract has been settled. The Fund will not enter into a forward contract
with a term of more than one year. The Fund will generally enter into a forward
contract to provide the proper currency to settle a securities transaction at
the time the transaction occurs ("trade date"). The period between trade date
and settlement date will vary between 24 hours and 60 days, depending upon local
custom.
The Fund may also protect against the decline of a particular foreign currency
by entering into a forward contract to sell an amount of that currency
approximating the value of all or a portion of the Fund's assets denominated in
that currency ("hedging"). The success of this type of short-term hedging
strategy is highly uncertain due to the difficulties of predicting short-term
currency market movements and of precisely matching forward contract amounts and
the constantly changing value of the securities involved. Although the
investment adviser will consider the likelihood of changes in currency values
when making investment decisions, the investment adviser believes that it is
important to be able to enter into forward contracts when it believes the
interests of the Fund will be served. The Fund will not enter into forward
contracts for hedging purposes in a particular currency in an amount in excess
of the value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency at the time the
contract was initiated, but as consistent with their other investment policies
and as not otherwise limited in their ability to use this strategy.
OPTIONS. The Fund may deal in options on foreign currencies, securities, and
securities indices, and on futures contracts involving these items, which
options may be listed for trading on an international securities exchange or
traded over-the-counter. The Fund may use options to manage interest rate and
currency risks. The Fund may also write covered call options and secured put
options to generate income or lock in gains. The Fund may write covered call
options and secured put options on up to 25%
of its net assets and may purchase put and call options provided that no more
than 5% of the fair market value of its net assets may be invested in premiums
on such options.
A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and the writer the
obligation to sell, the underlying currency, security or other asset at the
exercise price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the
right to sell, and the writer the obligation to buy, the underlying currency,
security or other asset at the exercise price during the option period. The
writer of a covered call owns assets that are acceptable for escrow, and the
writer of a secured put invests an amount not less than the exercise price in
eligible assets to the extent that it is obligated as a writer. If a call
written by the Fund is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an
increase in the market price of the underlying asset over the exercise price
plus the premium received. In writing puts, there is the risk that the Fund may
be required to take delivery of the underlying asset at a disadvantageous price.
Over-the-counter options ("OTC options") differ from exchange traded options in
several respects. They are transacted directly with dealers and not with a
clearing corporation, and there is a risk of nonperformance by the dealer as a
result of the insolvency of such dealer or otherwise, in which event the Fund
may experience material losses. However, in writing options, the premium is paid
in advance by the dealer. OTC options, which may not be continuously liquid, are
available for a greater variety of assets, and with a wider range of expiration
dates and exercise prices, than are exchange traded options.
It is not certain that a secondary market for positions in options, or futures
contracts (see below), will exist at all times. Although the investment adviser
will consider liquidity before entering into these transactions, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist
for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. The Fund's
ability to establish and close out futures and options positions depends on this
secondary market.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES. The Fund may enter into futures contracts
involving foreign currency, securities, and securities indices, or options
thereon, for bona fide hedging purposes. The Fund may also enter into such
futures contracts or related options for purposes other than bona fide hedging
if the aggregate amount of initial margin deposits exclusive of the margin
needed for foreign currency hedging, on the Fund's futures and related options
positions would not exceed 5% of the net liquidation value of the Fund's assets,
provided further that in the case of an option that is in-the-money at the time
of the purchase, the in-the-money amount may be excluded in calculating the 5%
limitation. In addition, the Fund may not sell futures contracts if the value of
such futures contracts exceeds the total market value of the Fund's portfolio
securities. Futures contracts and options thereon sold by the Fund are generally
subject to segregation and coverage requirements established by either the
Commodities Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") or the Securities and Exchange
Commission ("SEC"), with the result that, if the Fund does not hold the
instrument underlying the futures contract or option, the Fund will be required
to segregate on an ongoing basis with its custodian cash, U.S. government
securities, or other liquid high grade debt obligations in an amount at least
equal to the Fund's obligations with respect to such instruments.
The Fund may enter into securities index futures contracts and purchase and
write put and call options on securities index futures contracts that are traded
on regulated exchanges, including non-U.S. exchanges, to the extent permitted by
the CFTC. Securities index futures contracts are based on indexes that reflect
the market value of securities of the firms included in the indexes. An index
futures contract is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or
make delivery of an amount of cash
equal to the differences between the value of the index at the close of the last
trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was
originally written.
The Fund may enter into securities index futures contracts to sell a securities
index in anticipation of or during a market decline to attempt to offset the
decrease in market value of securities in its portfolio that might otherwise
result. When the Fund is not fully invested and anticipates a significant market
advance, it may enter into futures contracts to purchase the index in order to
gain rapid market exposure that may in part or entirely offset increases in the
cost of securities that it intends to purchase. In many of these transactions,
the Fund will purchase such securities upon termination of the futures position
but, depending on market conditions, a futures position may be terminated
without the corresponding purchases of common stock. The Fund may also invest in
securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser believes such
investment is more efficient, liquid, or cost-effective than investing directly
in the securities underlying the index.
An option on a securities index futures contract gives the purchaser the right,
in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a securities index
futures contract. The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on
securities index futures contracts in order to hedge all or a portion of its
investment and may enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to
written options in order to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee
that such closing transactions can be effected. The Fund may also invest in
options on securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser
believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than
investing directly in the futures contract or in the securities underlying the
index, or when the futures contract or underlying securities are not available
for investment upon favorable terms.
The use of futures and related options involves special consideration and risks,
for example, (1) the ability of the Fund to utilize futures successfully will
depend on the investment adviser's ability to predict pertinent market
movements; (2) there might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation,
between the change in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the
prices of the futures and options thereon relating to the securities purchased
or sold by the Fund. The use of futures and related options may reduce risk of
loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price
movements but they can also reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the
positive effect of favorable price movements in positions. No assurance can be
given that the investment adviser's judgment in this respect will be correct.
It is not certain that a secondary market for positions in futures contracts or
for options will exist at all times. Although the investment adviser will
consider liquidity before entering into these transactions, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist
for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. The Fund's
ability to establish and close out futures and options positions depends on this
secondary market.
New futures contracts, options thereon, and other financial products and risk
management techniques continue to be developed. The Fund may use these
investments and techniques to the extent consistent with its investment
objective and regulatory and federal tax considerations.
SWAP AGREEMENTS. As one way of managing its exposure to different types of
investments, the Fund may enter into interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and
other types of swap agreements such as caps, collars, and floors. Depending on
how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall
volatility of the Fund's investments, its share price and yield.
Swap agreements are sophisticated hedging instruments that typically involve a
small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of risks assumed. As a
result, swaps can be highly volatile and may have a considerable impact on the
Fund's performance. Swap agreements are subject to risks related to the
counterparty's ability to perform, and may decline in value if the
counterparty's creditworthiness deteriorates. The Fund may also suffer losses if
it is unable to terminate outstanding swap agreements to reduce its exposure
through offsetting transactions. When the Fund enters into a swap agreement,
assets of the Fund equal to the value of the swap agreement will be segregated
by the Fund.
RISK CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investing in non-U.S. securities
carries substantial risks in addition to those associated with domestic
investments. In an attempt to reduce some of these risks, the Fund intends to
diversify its investments broadly among foreign countries which may include both
developed and developing countries.
The Fund may take advantage of the unusual opportunities for higher returns
available from investing in developing countries. These investments carry
considerably more volatility and risk because they generally are associated with
less mature economies and less stable political systems.
The economies of foreign countries may differ from the U.S. economy in such
respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency
depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of
payments position. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are
heavily dependent on international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may
continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed
adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures
imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies
also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic
conditions in the countries with which they trade.
Prior governmental approval for foreign investments may be required under
certain circumstances in some countries, and the extent of foreign investment in
certain debt securities and domestic companies may be subject to limitation.
Foreign ownership limitations also may be imposed by the charters of individual
companies to prevent, among other concerns, violation of foreign investment
limitations.
Repatriation of investment income, capital, and the proceeds of sales by foreign
investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some
countries. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to
grant, any required governmental registration or approval for such repatriation.
Any investment subject to such repatriation controls will be considered illiquid
if it appears reasonably likely that this process will take more than seven
days.
With respect to any foreign country, there is the possibility of
nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political changes,
governmental regulation, social instability or diplomatic developments
(including war) which could affect adversely the economies of such countries or
the value of the Fund's investments in those countries. In addition, it may be
difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in a court outside of the United
States.
Brokerage commissions, custodial services, and other costs relating to
investment may be more expensive than in the United States. Foreign markets may
have different clearance and settlement procedures such as requiring payment for
securities before delivery. In certain markets there have been times when
settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities
transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. The inability of
the Fund to make intended security
purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive
investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of a portfolio security due to
settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent
declines in value of the portfolio security or, if the Fund has entered into a
contract to sell the security, could result in possible liability to the
purchaser.
CURRENCY RISKS. Because the majority of the securities purchased by the
Fund are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, changes in
foreign currency exchange rates will affect the Fund's net asset value; the
value of interest earned; gains and losses realized on the sale of
securities; and net investment income and capital gain, if any, to be
distributed to shareholders by the Fund. If the value of a foreign currency
rises against the U.S. dollar, the value of Fund assets denominated in the
currency will increase; correspondingly, if the value of a foreign currency
declines against the U.S. dollar the value of Fund assets denominated in
that currency will decrease. Under the United States Internal Revenue Code,
as amended (the "Code"), the Fund is required to separately account for the
foreign currency component of gains or losses, which will usually be viewed
under the Code as items of ordinary and distributable income or loss, thus
affecting the Fund's distributable income. (See "Federal Income Tax").
The exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies are a
function of such factors as supply and demand in the currency exchange
markets, international balances of payments, governmental intervention,
speculation and other economic and political conditions. Although the Fund
values its assets daily in U.S. dollars, the Fund will not convert its
holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars daily. When the Fund
converts its holdings to another currency, it may incur conversion costs.
Foreign exchange dealers may realize a profit on the difference between the
price at which they buy and sell currencies.
FOREIGN COMPANIES. Other differences between investing in foreign and U.S.
companies include:
- less publicly available information about foreign issuers;
- credit risks associated with certain foreign governments;
- the lack of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting
standards and practices or regulatory requirements comparable to those
applicable to U.S. companies;
- less readily available market quotations on foreign issues;
- differences in government regulation and supervision of foreign stock
exchanges, brokers, listed companies, and banks;
- differences in legal systems which may affect the ability to enforce
contractual obligations or obtain court judgments;
- the limited size of many foreign securities markets and limited
trading volume in issuers compared to the volume of trading in U.S.
securities could cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from
factors that affect the quality of securities;
- the likelihood that securities of foreign issuers may be less liquid
or more volatile;
- foreign brokerage commissions may be higher;
- unreliable mail service between countries;
- political or financial changes which adversely affect investments in
some countries;
- increased risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or
loss of certificates for portfolio securities;
- certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery;
- religious and ethnic instability; and
- certain national policies which may restrict the Fund's investment
opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or
industries deemed sensitive to national interests.
U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICIES. In the past, U.S. government policies have
discouraged or restricted certain investments abroad by investors such as
the Fund. Investors are advised that when such policies are instituted, the
Fund will abide by them.
INVESTING IN LATIN AMERICA. The investment adviser believes that investment
opportunities may result from recent trends in Latin America encouraging greater
market orientation and less governmental intervention in economic affairs.
Investors, however, should be aware that the Latin American economies have
experienced considerable difficulties in the past decade. Although there have
been significant improvements in recent years, the Latin American economies
continue to experience challenging problems, including high inflation rates and
high interest rates relative to the U.S. The emergence of the Latin American
economies and securities markets will require continued economic and fiscal
discipline which has been lacking at times in the past, as well as stable
political and social conditions. Recovery may also be influenced by
international economic conditions, particularly those in the U.S., and by world
prices for oil and other commodities. There is no assurance that recent economic
initiatives will be successful.
Certain risks associated with international investments and investing in
smaller, developing capital markets are heightened for investments in Latin
American countries. For example, some of the currencies of Latin American
countries have experienced steady devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and
major adjustments have been made in certain of these currencies periodically. In
addition, although there is a trend toward less government involvement in
commerce, governments of many Latin American countries have exercised and
continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private
sector. In certain cases, the government still owns or controls many companies,
including some of the largest in the country. Accordingly, government actions in
the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in Latin
American countries, which could affect private sector companies and the Fund, as
well as the value of securities in the Fund's portfolio.
Most Latin American countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods,
extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid
fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have negative
effects on the economies and securities markets of certain Latin American
countries.
Certain Latin American countries are among the largest debtors to commercial
banks and foreign governments. Some of these countries have in the past
defaulted on their sovereign debt. Holders of sovereign debt (including the
Fund) may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to
extend further loans to governmental entities. There is no bankruptcy proceeding
by which sovereign debt on which governmental entities have defaulted may be
collected in whole or in part.
The limited size of many Latin American securities markets and limited trading
volume in issuers compared to the volume of trading in U.S. securities could
cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the
quality of securities.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO INVESTING IN HIGH YIELD SECURITIES. The debt securities
in which the Fund invests are usually not in the three highest rating categories
of a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (AAA, AA, or A for
S&P or Fitch and Aaa, Aa, or A for Moody's), but are in the lower rating
categories or are unrated, but are of comparable quality and have speculative
characteristics or are speculative. Lower-rated bonds or unrated bonds are
commonly referred to as "junk bonds." There is no minimal acceptable rating for
a security to be purchased or held in the Fund's portfolio, and the Fund may,
from time to time, purchase or hold debt securities rated in the lowest rating
category. A description of the rating categories is contained in the Appendix to
the Statement of Additional Information.
Debt obligations that are not determined to be investment grade are high-yield,
high-risk bonds, typically subject to greater market fluctuations and greater
risk of loss of income and principal due to an issuer's default. To a greater
extent than investment grade bonds, lower-rated bonds tend to reflect short-term
corporate, economic, and market developments, as well as investor perceptions of
the issuer's credit quality. In addition, lower-rated bonds may be more
difficult to dispose of or to value than higher-rated, lower-yielding bonds.
The Fund's investment adviser attempts to reduce the risks described above
through diversification of the portfolio and by credit analysis of each issuer
as well as by monitoring broad economic trends and corporate and legislative
developments.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The Fund will not:
- borrow money directly or through reverse repurchase agreements
(arrangements in which the Fund sells a portfolio instrument for a
percentage of its cash value with an agreement to buy it back on a set
date) or pledge securities except, under certain circumstances, the Fund
may borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets and pledge
its assets to secure such borrowings; or
- with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of the
value of its total assets in securities of any one issuer (other than
cash, cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government and its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase
agreements collateralized by such securities) or acquire more than 10% of
the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer.
The above investment limitations cannot be changed without shareholder approval.
NET ASSET VALUE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund's net asset value per Share fluctuates. The net asset value for Shares
is determined by adding the interest of Class A Shares in the market value of
all securities and other assets of the Fund, subtracting the interest of Class A
Shares in the liabilities of the Fund and those attributable to Class A Shares,
and dividing the remainder by the total number of Class A Shares outstanding.
The net asset
value for Class A Shares may differ from that of Class B Shares and Class C
Shares due to the variance in daily net income realized by each class. Such
variance will reflect only accrued net income to which the shareholders of a
particular class are entitled.
The net asset value is determined as of the close of trading (normally 4:00
p.m., Eastern time) on the New York Stock Exchange, Monday through Friday,
except on: (i) days on which there are not sufficient changes in the value of
the Fund's portfolio securities that its net asset value might be materially
affected; (ii) days during which no Shares are tendered for redemption and no
orders to purchase Shares are received; or (iii) the following holidays: New
Year's Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor
Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares of the Fund are sold on days on which the New York Stock Exchange is
open. Shares of the Fund may be purchased as described below, either through a
financial institution (such as a bank or broker/dealer which has a sales
agreement with the distributor) or by wire or by check directly to the Fund,
with a minimum initial investment of $500. Additional investments can be made
for as little as $100. The minimum initial and subsequent investment for
retirement plans is only $50. (Financial institutions may impose different
minimum investment requirements on their customers.)
In connection with any sale, Federated Securities Corp. may from time to time
offer certain items of nominal value to any shareholder or investor. The Fund
reserves the right to reject any purchase request. An account must be
established at a financial institution or by completing, signing, and returning
the new account form available from the Fund before Shares can be purchased.
WHAT SHARES COST
Shares are sold at their net asset value next determined after an order is
received, plus a sales load as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SALES LOAD AS DEALER
SALES LOAD AS A PERCENTAGE CONCESSION
A PERCENTAGE OF NET AS A PERCENTAGE
OF OFFERING AMOUNT OF PUBLIC
AMOUNT OF TRANSACTION PRICE INVESTED OFFERING PRICE
- ------------------------------------------ ------------- ------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Less than $50,000......................... 5.50% 5.82% 5.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000............ 4.50% 4.71% 4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000........... 3.75% 3.90% 3.25%
$250,000 but less than $500,000........... 2.50% 2.56% 2.25%
$500,000 but less than $1 million......... 2.00% 2.04% 1.80%
$1 million or greater..................... 0.00% 0.00% 0.25%*
</TABLE>
* See sub-section entitled "Dealer Concession."
No sales load is imposed for Shares purchased through bank trust departments,
investment advisers registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as
amended, or retirement plans where the third party administrator has entered
into certain arrangements with Federated Securities Corp. or its affiliates, or
to shareholders designated as Liberty Life Members. However, investors who
purchase Shares through a trust department, investment adviser, or retirement
plan may be charged an
additional service fee by the institution. Additionally, no sales load is
imposed for Shares purchased through "wrap accounts" or similar programs, under
which clients pay a fee or fees for services.
DEALER CONCESSION. For sales of Shares, a dealer will normally receive up to 90%
of the applicable sales load. Any portion of the sales load which is not paid to
a dealer will be retained by the distributor. However, the distributor may offer
to pay dealers up to 100% of the sales load retained by it. Such payments may
take the form of cash or promotional incentives, such as reimbursement of
certain expenses of qualified employees and their spouses to attend
informational meetings about the Fund or other special events at
recreational-type facilities, or items of material value. In some instances,
these incentives will be made available only to dealers whose employees have
sold or may sell a significant amount of Shares. On purchases of $1 million or
more, the investor pays no sales load; however, the distributor will make twelve
monthly payments to the dealer totaling 0.25% of the public offering price over
the first year following the purchase. Such payments are based on the original
purchase price of Shares outstanding at each month end.
The sales load for Shares sold other than through registered broker/dealers will
be retained by Federated Securities Corp. Federated Securities Corp. may pay
fees to banks out of the sales load in exchange for sales and/or administrative
services performed on behalf of the bank's customers in connection with the
initiation of customer accounts and purchases of Shares.
REDUCING OR ELIMINATING THE SALES LOAD. The sales load can be reduced or
eliminated on the purchase of Shares through:
- quantity discounts and accumulated purchases;
- concurrent purchases;
- signing a 13-month letter of intent;
- using the reinvestment privilege; or
- purchases with proceeds from redemptions of unaffiliated investment
company shares.
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AND ACCUMULATED PURCHASES. As shown in the table above,
larger purchases reduce the sales load paid. The Fund will combine purchases of
Shares made on the same day by the investor, the investor's spouse, and the
investor's children under age 21 when it calculates the sales load. In addition,
the sales load, if applicable, is reduced for purchases made at one time by a
trustee or fiduciary for a single trust estate or a single fiduciary account.
If an additional purchase of Shares is made, the Fund will consider the previous
purchases still invested in the Fund. For example, if a shareholder already owns
Shares having a current value at the public offering price of $30,000 and he
purchases $20,000 more at the current public offering price, the sales load on
the additional purchase according to the schedule now in effect would be 4.50%,
not 5.50%.
To receive the sales load reduction, Federated Securities Corp. must be notified
by the shareholder in writing or by his financial institution at the time the
purchase is made that Shares are already owned or that purchases are being
combined. The Fund will reduce the sales load after it confirms the purchases.
CONCURRENT PURCHASES. For purposes of qualifying for a sales load reduction, a
shareholder has the privilege of combining concurrent purchases of two or more
funds in the Federated Funds, the purchase price of which includes a sales load.
For example, if a shareholder concurrently invested $30,000 in one
of the other funds in the Federated Funds with a sales load, and $20,000 in this
Fund, the sales load would be reduced.
To receive this sales load reduction, Federated Securities Corp. must be
notified by the shareholder in writing or by his financial institution at the
time the concurrent purchases are made. The Fund will reduce the sales load
after it confirms the purchases.
LETTER OF INTENT. If a shareholder intends to purchase at least $50,000 of
shares of the funds in the Federated Funds (excluding money market funds) over
the next 13 months, the sales load may be reduced by signing a letter of intent
to that effect. This letter of intent includes a provision for a sales load
adjustment depending on the amount actually purchased within the 13-month period
and a provision for the custodian to hold up to 5.50% of the total amount
intended to be purchased in escrow (in Shares) until such purchase is completed.
The Shares held in escrow in the shareholder's account will be released upon
fulfillment of the letter of intent or the end of the 13-month period, whichever
comes first. If the amount specified in the letter of intent is not purchased,
an appropriate number of escrowed Shares may be redeemed in order to realize the
difference in the sales load.
While this letter of intent will not obligate the shareholder to purchase
Shares, each purchase during the period will be at the sales load applicable to
the total amount intended to be purchased. At the time a letter of intent is
established, current balances in accounts in any Shares of any fund in the
Federated Funds, excluding money market accounts, will be aggregated to provide
a purchase credit towards fulfillment of the letter of intent. Prior trade
prices will not be adjusted.
REINVESTMENT PRIVILEGE. If Shares in the Fund have been redeemed, the
shareholder has the privilege, within 120 days, to reinvest the redemption
proceeds at the next-determined net asset value without any sales load.
Federated Securities Corp. must be notified by the shareholder in writing or by
his financial institution of the reinvestment in order to eliminate a sales
load. If the shareholder redeems his Shares in the Fund, there may be tax
consequences.
PURCHASES WITH PROCEEDS FROM REDEMPTIONS OF UNAFFILIATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
Investors may purchase Shares at net asset value, without a sales load, with the
proceeds from the redemption of shares of an unaffiliated investment company
that were purchased or sold with a sales load or commission and were not
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. The purchase must be made within 60
days of the redemption, and Federated Securities Corp. must be notified by the
investor in writing, or by his financial institution, at the time the purchase
is made. From time to time, the Fund may offer dealers a payment of .50 of 1.00%
for Shares purchased under this program. If Shares are purchased in this manner,
Fund purchases will be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge for one
year from the date of purchase. Shareholders will be notified prior to the
implementation of any special offering as described above.
PURCHASING SHARES THROUGH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. An investor may call his
financial institution (such as a bank or an investment dealer) to place an order
to purchase Shares. Orders placed through a financial institution are considered
received when the Fund is notified of the purchase order or when payment is
converted into federal funds. Purchase orders through a registered broker/dealer
must be received by the broker before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) and must be
transmitted by the broker to the Fund before 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in order
for Shares to be purchased at that day's price. Purchase
orders through other financial institutions must be received by the financial
institution and transmitted to the Fund before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in order
for Shares to be purchased at that day's price. It is the financial
institution's responsibility to transmit orders promptly. Financial institutions
may charge additional fees for their services.
PURCHASING SHARES BY WIRE. Once an account has been established, Shares may be
purchased by wire by calling the Fund. All information needed will be taken over
the telephone, and the order is considered received immediately. Payment for
purchases which are subject to a sales load must be received within three
business days following the order. Payment for purchases on which no sales load
is imposed must be received before 3:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the next business
day following the order. Federal funds should be wired as follows: State Street
Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts; Attn: EDGEWIRE; For Credit to:
(Fund Name) (Fund Class); (Fund Number); Account Number; Trade Date and Order
Number; Group Number or Dealer Number; Nominee or Institution Name; and ABA
Number 011000028. Shares cannot be purchased by wire on holidays when wire
transfers are restricted. Questions on wire purchases should be directed to your
shareholder services representative at the telephone number listed on your
account statement.
PURCHASING SHARES BY CHECK. Once an account has been established, Shares may be
purchased by sending a check made payable to the name of the Fund (designate
class of Shares and account number) to: Federated Services Company, P.O. Box
8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600. Orders by mail are considered received
when payment by check is converted into federal funds (normally the business day
after the check is received).
SPECIAL PURCHASE FEATURES
SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM. Once a Fund account has been opened, shareholders
may add to their investment on a regular basis in a minimum amount of $100.
Under this program, funds may be automatically withdrawn periodically from the
shareholder's checking account at an Automated Clearing House ("ACH") member and
invested in the Fund at the net asset value next determined after an order is
received by the Fund, plus the sales load, if applicable. Shareholders should
contact their financial institution or the Fund to participate in this program.
RETIREMENT PLANS. Fund Shares can be purchased as an investment for retirement
plans or IRA accounts. For further details, contact the Fund and consult a tax
adviser.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class A shareholders may exchange all or some of their Shares for Class A Shares
of other Federated Funds at net asset value. Neither the Fund nor any of the
Federated Funds imposes any additional fees on exchanges. Shareholders in
certain other Federated Funds may exchange their shares in the Federated Funds
for Class A Shares.
The Fund has exchange privileges with the following Federated Funds: American
Leaders Fund, Inc.; Capital Growth Fund (Class A Shares and Class C Shares
only); Federated Asia Pacific Growth Fund; Federated Emerging Markets Fund;
Federated European Growth Fund; Federated Growth Strategies Fund; Federated
International Equity Fund; Federated International Income Fund; Federated
International Small Company Fund; Federated Small Cap Strategies Fund; Fund for
U.S. Government Securities, Inc.; Liberty Equity Income Fund, Inc.; Liberty High
Income Bond Fund, Inc.; Liberty
Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.; Liberty U.S. Government Money Market Trust;
Liberty Utility Fund, Inc.; Limited Term Fund; Limited Term Municipal Fund;
Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust; Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund;
Strategic Income Fund; Tax-Free Instruments Trust; and World Utility Fund.
Prospectuses for these funds are available by writing to Federated Securities
Corp.
Shareholders of Class A Shares who have been designated as Liberty Life Members
are exempt from sales charges on future purchases in and exchanges between the
Class A Shares of any funds in the Federated Funds, as long as they maintain a
$500 balance in one of the Federated Funds.
REQUIREMENTS FOR EXCHANGE. Shareholders using this privilege must exchange
Shares having a net asset value equal to the minimum investment requirements of
the fund into which the exchange is being made. Before the exchange, the
shareholder must receive a prospectus of the fund for which the exchange is
being made.
This privilege is available to shareholders resident in any state in which the
shares being acquired may be sold. Upon receipt of proper instructions and
required supporting documents, Shares submitted for exchange are redeemed and
proceeds invested in the same class of shares of the other fund. The exchange
privilege may be modified or terminated at any time. Shareholders will be
notified of the modification or termination of the exchange privilege.
TAX CONSEQUENCES. An exercise of the exchange privilege is treated as a sale for
federal income tax purposes. Depending upon the circumstances, a capital gain or
loss may be realized.
MAKING AN EXCHANGE. Instructions for exchanges for the Federated Funds may be
given in writing or by telephone. Written instructions may require a signature
guarantee. Shareholders of the Fund may have difficulty in making exchanges by
telephone through brokers and other financial institutions during times of
drastic economic or market changes. If a shareholder cannot contact his broker
or financial institution by telephone, it is recommended that an exchange
request be made in writing and sent by overnight mail to Federated Services
Company, 500 Victory Road -- 2nd Floor, North Quincy, Massachusetts 02171.
TELEPHONE INSTRUCTIONS. Telephone instructions made by the investor may be
carried out only if a telephone authorization form completed by the investor is
on file with the Fund. If the instructions are given by a broker, a telephone
authorization form completed by the broker must be on file with the Fund. If
reasonable procedures are not followed by the Fund, it may be liable for losses
due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Shares may be
exchanged between two funds by telephone only if the two funds have identical
shareholder registrations.
Any Shares held in certificate form cannot be exchanged by telephone but must be
forwarded to Federated Services Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts
02266-8600 and deposited to the shareholder's account before being exchanged.
Telephone exchange instructions are recorded and will be binding upon the
shareholder. Such instructions will be processed as of 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time)
and must be received by the Fund before that time for Shares to be exchanged the
same day. Shareholders exchanging into a fund will begin receiving dividends the
following business day. This privilege may be modified or terminated at any
time.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares are redeemed at their net asset value, less any applicable contingent
deferred sales charge, next determined after the Fund receives the redemption
request. Redemptions will be made on days on which the Fund computes its net
asset value. Redemption requests must be received in proper form and can be made
as described below.
REDEEMING SHARES THROUGH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION. Shares of the Fund may be
redeemed by calling your financial institution to request the redemption. Shares
will be redeemed at the net asset value, less any applicable contingent deferred
sales charge next determined after the Fund receives the redemption request from
the financial institution. Redemption requests through a registered
broker/dealer must be received by the broker before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) and
must be transmitted by the broker to the Fund before 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) in
order for Shares to be redeemed at that day's net asset value. Redemption
requests through other financial institutions (such as banks) must be received
by the financial institution and transmitted to the Fund before 4:00 p.m.
(Eastern time) in order for Shares to be redeemed at that day's net asset value.
The financial institution is responsible for promptly submitting redemption
requests and providing proper written redemption instructions. Customary fees
and commissions may be charged by the financial institution for this service.
REDEEMING SHARES BY TELEPHONE. Shares may be redeemed in any amount by calling
the Fund provided the Fund has a properly completed authorization form. These
forms can be obtained from Federated Securities Corp. Proceeds will be mailed in
the form of a check, to the shareholder's address of record or by wire transfer
to the shareholder's account at a domestic commercial bank that is a member of
the Federal Reserve System. Proceeds from redemption requests received on
holidays when wire transfers are restricted will be wired the following business
day. Questions about telephone redemptions on days when wire transfers are
restricted should be directed to your shareholder services representative at the
telephone number listed on your account statement. The minimum amount for a wire
transfer is $1,000. Proceeds from redeemed Shares purchased by check or through
ACH will not be wired until that method of payment has cleared.
Telephone instructions will be recorded. If reasonable procedures are not
followed by the Fund, it may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or
fraudulent telephone instructions. In the event of drastic economic or market
changes, a shareholder may experience difficulty in redeeming by telephone. If
this occurs, "Redeeming Shares By Mail" should be considered. If at any time the
Fund shall determine it necessary to terminate or modify the telephone
redemption privilege, shareholders would be promptly notified.
REDEEMING SHARES BY MAIL. Shares may be redeemed in any amount by mailing a
written request to: Federated Services Company, Fund Name, Fund Class, P.O. Box
8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600.
The written request should state: Fund Name and the Class designation; the
account name as registered with the Fund; the account number; and the number of
Shares to be redeemed or the dollar amount requested. All owners of the account
must sign the request exactly as the Shares are registered. It is recommended
that any share certificates be sent by insured mail with the written request.
Shareholders requesting a redemption of any amount to be sent to an address
other than that on record with the Fund, or a redemption payable other than to
the shareholder of record must have their signatures guaranteed by a bank which
is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a trust company, a
member firm of a domestic stock exchange, or any other "eligible guarantor
institution," as defined by the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
The Fund does not accept signatures guaranteed by a notary public.
The Fund and its transfer agent have adopted standards for accepting signature
guarantees from the above institutions. The Fund may elect in the future to
limit eligible signature guarantors to institutions that are members of a
signature guarantee program. The Fund and its transfer agent reserve the right
to amend these standards at any time without notice.
Normally, a check for the proceeds is mailed within one business day, but in no
event more than seven days, after receipt of a proper written redemption
request.
SPECIAL REDEMPTION FEATURES
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PROGRAM. Shareholders who desire to receive payments of a
predetermined amount not less than $100 may take advantage of the Systematic
Withdrawal Program. Under this program, Shares are redeemed to provide for
periodic withdrawal payments in an amount directed by the shareholder.
Depending upon the amount of the withdrawal payments, the amount of dividends
paid and capital gains distributions with respect to Shares, and the fluctuation
of the net asset value of Shares redeemed under this program, redemptions may
reduce, and eventually deplete, the shareholder's investment in the Fund. For
this reason, payments under this program should not be considered as yield or
income on the shareholder's investment in the Fund. To be eligible to
participate in this program, a shareholder must have an account value of at
least $10,000. A shareholder may apply for participation in this program through
his financial institution. Due to the fact that Shares are sold with a sales
load, it is not advisable for shareholders to continue to purchase Shares while
participating in this program.
CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
Class A Shares purchased under a periodic special offering with the proceeds of
a redemption of shares of an unaffiliated investment company purchased or
redeemed with a sales load and not distributed by Federated Securities Corp. may
be charged a contingent deferred sales charge of .50 of 1.00% for redemptions
made within one full year of purchase. Any applicable contingent deferred sales
charge will be imposed on the lesser of the net asset value of the redeemed
Shares at the time of purchase or the net asset value of the redeemed Shares at
the time of redemption.
The contingent deferred sales charge will be deducted from the redemption
proceeds otherwise payable to the shareholder and will be retained by the
distributor. The contingent deferred sales charge will not be imposed with
respect to: (1) Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends or
distributions of long-term capital gains; and (2) Shares held for more than one
full year from the date of purchase. Redemptions will be processed in a manner
intended to maximize the amount of redemption which will not be subject to a
contingent deferred sales charge. In computing the amount of the applicable
contingent deferred sales charge, redemptions are deemed to have occurred in the
following order: (1) Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and
long-term capital gains; (2) Shares held for more than one full year from the
date of purchase; (3) Shares held for less than one full year
from the date of purchase on a first-in, first-out basis. A contingent deferred
sales charge is not assessed in connection with an exchange of Fund Shares for
shares of other funds in the Federated Funds in the same class (see "Exchange
Privilege"). Any contingent deferred sales charge imposed at the time the
exchanged-for Shares are redeemed is calculated as if the shareholder had held
the shares from the date on which he became a shareholder of the exchanged-from
Shares. Moreover, the contingent deferred sales charge will be eliminated with
respect to certain redemptions (see "Elimination of Contingent Deferred Sales
Charge").
ELIMINATION OF CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGE
The contingent deferred sales charge will be eliminated with respect to the
following redemptions: (1) redemptions following the death or disability, as
defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, of
a shareholder; (2) redemptions representing minimum required distributions from
an Individual Retirement Account or other retirement plan to a shareholder who
has attained the age of 70 1/2; and (3) involuntary redemptions by the Fund of
Shares in shareholder accounts that do not comply with the minimum balance
requirements. No contingent deferred sales charge will be imposed on redemptions
of Shares held by Directors, employees and sales representatives of the Fund,
the distributor, or affiliates of the Fund or distributor; employees of any
financial institution that sells Shares of the Fund pursuant to a sales
agreement with the distributor; and spouses and children under the age of 21 of
the aforementioned persons. Finally, no contingent deferred sales charge will be
imposed on the redemption of Shares originally purchased through a bank trust
department, an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act
of 1940, as amended, or retirement plans where the third party administrator has
entered into certain arrangements with Federated Securities Corp. or its
affiliates, or any other financial institution, to the extent that no payments
were advanced for purchases made through such entities. The Directors reserve
the right to discontinue elimination of the contingent deferred sales charge.
Shareholders will be notified of such elimination. Any Shares purchased prior to
the termination of such waiver would have the contingent deferred sales charge
eliminated as provided in the Fund's prospectus at the time of the purchase of
the Shares. If a shareholder making a redemption qualifies for an elimination of
the contingent deferred sales charge, the shareholder must notify Federated
Securities Corp. or the transfer agent in writing that he is entitled to such
elimination.
ACCOUNT AND SHARE INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CERTIFICATES AND CONFIRMATIONS. As transfer agent for the Fund, Federated
Services Company maintains a Share account for each shareholder. Share
certificates are not issued unless requested in writing to Federated Services
Company.
Detailed confirmations of each purchase and redemption are sent to each
shareholder. Monthly confirmations are sent to report dividends paid during that
month.
DIVIDENDS. Dividends are declared and paid annually to all shareholders invested
in the Fund on the record date. Dividends and distributions are automatically
reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund on payment dates at the ex-dividend
date net asset value without a sales load, unless shareholders request cash
payments on the new account form or by contacting the transfer agent. All
shareholders
on the record date are entitled to the dividend. If Shares are redeemed or
exchanged prior to the record date or purchased after the record date, those
Shares are not entitled to that year's dividend.
CAPITAL GAINS. Net long-term capital gains realized by the Fund, if any, will be
distributed at least once every twelve months.
ACCOUNTS WITH LOW BALANCES. Due to the high cost of maintaining accounts with
low balances, the Fund may redeem Shares in any account, except retirement
plans, and pay the proceeds to the shareholder if the account balance falls
below the required minimum value of $500. This requirement does not apply,
however, if the balance falls below the required minimum value because of
changes in the net asset value of Shares. Before Shares are redeemed to close an
account, the shareholder is notified in writing and allowed 30 days to purchase
additional Shares to meet the minimum requirement.
CORPORATION INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MANAGEMENT OF THE CORPORATION
BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The Corporation is managed by a Board of Directors. The
Directors are responsible for managing the Corporation's business affairs and
for exercising all the Corporation's powers except those reserved for the
shareholders. An Executive Committee of the Board of Directors handles the
Board's responsibilities between meetings of the Board.
INVESTMENT ADVISER. Investment decisions for the Fund are made by the Fund's
investment adviser, Federated Global Research Corp. (the "Adviser"), subject to
direction by the Directors. The Adviser continually conducts investment research
and supervision for the Fund and is responsible for the purchase or sale of
portfolio instruments, for which it receives an annual fee from the Fund. The
Adviser's address is 175 Water Street, New York, New York 10038-4965.
ADVISORY FEES. The Adviser receives an annual investment advisory fee equal to
1.25% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The fee paid by the Fund, while
higher than the advisory fee paid by other mutual funds in general, is
comparable to fees paid by other mutual funds with similar objectives and
policies. Under the investment advisory contract, which provides for the
voluntary waiver of the advisory fee by the Adviser, the Adviser may voluntarily
waive some or all of its fee. This does not include reimbursement to the Fund of
any expenses incurred by shareholders who use the transfer agent's subaccounting
facilities. The Adviser can terminate this voluntary waiver at any time in its
sole discretion. The Adviser has also undertaken to reimburse the Fund for
operating expenses in excess of limitations established by certain states.
ADVISER'S BACKGROUND. Federated Global Research Corp., incorporated in Delaware
on May 12, 1995, is a registered investment adviser under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It is a subsidiary of Federated Investors. All
of the Class A (voting) shares of Federated Investors are owned by a trust, the
Trustees of which are John F. Donahue, Chairman and Trustee of Federated
Investors, Mr. Donahue's wife, and Mr. Donahue's son, J. Christopher Donahue,
who is President and Trustee of Federated Investors.
Federated Global Research Corp. and other subsidiaries of Federated Investors
serve as investment advisers to a number of investment companies and private
accounts. Certain other subsidiaries also
provide administrative services to a number of investment companies. With over
$72 billion invested across more than 260 funds under management and/or
administration by its subsidiaries, as of December 31, 1994, Federated Investors
is one of the largest mutual fund investment managers in the United States. With
more than 1,750 employees, Federated continues to be led by the management who
founded the company in 1955. Federated funds are presently at work in and
through 4,000 financial institutions nationwide. More than 100,000 investment
professionals have selected Federated funds for their clients.
Henry A. Frantzen has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Mr.
Frantzen joined Federated Investors in 1995 as an Executive Vice President of
the Fund's investment adviser. Mr. Frantzen served as Chief Investment Officer
of international equities at Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. from 1992 to 1995. He
was the Executive Vice President and Director of Equities at Oppenheimer
Management Corporation from 1989 to 1991. Mr. Frantzen received his B.S. in
finance and marketing from the University of North Dakota.
Drew J. Collins has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception. Mr.
Collins joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Senior Vice President of the
Fund's investment adviser. Mr. Collins served as Vice President/Portfolio
Manager of international equity portfolios at Arnold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc.
from 1994 to 1995. He served as an Assistant Vice President/Portfolio Manager
for international equities at the College Retirement Equities Fund from 1986 to
1994. Mr. Collins is a Chartered Financial Analyst and received his M.B.A. in
finance from the University of Pennsylvania.
Alexandre de Bethmann has been the Fund's portfolio manager since its inception.
Mr. de Bethmann joined Federated Investors in 1995 as a Vice President of the
Fund's investment adviser. Mr. de Bethmann served as Assistant Vice
President/Portfolio Manager for Japanese and Korean equities at the College
Retirement Equities Fund from 1994 to 1995. He served as an International
Equities Analyst and then as an Assistant Portfolio Manager at the College
Retirement Equities Fund between 1987 and 1994. Mr. de Bethmann received his
M.B.A. in Finance from Duke University.
Both the Corporation and the Adviser have adopted strict codes of ethics
governing the conduct of all employees who manage the Fund and its portfolio
securities. These codes recognize that such persons owe a fiduciary duty to the
Fund's shareholders and must place the interests of shareholders ahead of the
employees' own interest. Among other things, the codes: require preclearance and
periodic reporting of personal securities transactions; prohibit personal
transactions in securities being purchased or sold, or being considered for
purchase or sale, by the Fund; prohibit purchasing securities in initial public
offerings; and prohibit taking profits on securities held for less than sixty
days. Violations of the codes are subject to review by the Board of Directors,
and could result in severe penalties.
DISTRIBUTION OF CLASS A SHARES
Federated Securities Corp. is the principal distributor for Shares of the Fund.
Federated Securities Corp. is located at Federated Investors Tower, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15222-3779. It is a Pennsylvania corporation organized on November
14, 1969, and is the principal distributor for a number of investment companies.
Federated Securities Corp. is a subsidiary of Federated Investors.
State securities laws may require certain financial institutions such as
depository institutions to register as dealers.
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES. Under a distribution plan adopted in
accordance with Investment Company Act Rule 12b-1 (the "Distribution Plan"), the
distributor may be paid a fee in an amount computed at an annual rate of up to
.25 of 1% of the average daily net assets of Shares to finance any activity
which is principally intended to result in the sale of Shares subject to the
Distribution Plan. The Fund does not currently make payments to the distributor
or charge a fee under the Distribution Plan for Shares, and shareholders will be
notified if the Fund intends to charge a fee under the Distribution Plan. For
Shares, the distributor may select financial institutions such as banks,
fiduciaries, custodians for public funds, investment advisers, and
broker/dealers to provide sales services or distribution-related support
services as agents for their clients or customers.
The Distribution Plan is a compensation type plan. As such, the Fund makes no
payments to the distributor except as described above. Therefore, the Fund does
not pay for unreimbursed expenses of the distributor, including amounts expended
by the distributor in excess of amounts received by it from the Fund, interest,
carrying or other financing charges in connection with excess amounts expended,
or the distributor's overhead expenses. However, the distributor may be able to
recover such amounts or may earn a profit from future payments made by Shares
under the Plan.
In addition, the Fund has entered into a Shareholder Services Agreement with
Federated Shareholder Services, a subsidiary of Federated Investors, under which
the Fund may make payments up to 0.25 of 1% of the average daily net asset value
of Shares to obtain certain personal services for shareholders and for the
maintenance of shareholder accounts ("Shareholder Services"). Under the
Shareholder Services Agreement, Federated Shareholder Services will either
perform Shareholder Services directly or will select financial institutions to
perform Shareholder Services. Financial institutions will receive fees based
upon Shares owned by their clients or customers. The schedules of such fees and
the basis upon which such fees will be paid will be determined from time to time
by the Fund and Federated Shareholder Services.
In addition to payments made pursuant to the Distribution Plan and Shareholder
Services Agreement, Federated Securities Corp. and Federated Shareholder
Services, from their own assets, may pay financial institutions supplemental
fees for the performance of sales services, distribution-related support
services, or shareholder services.
OTHER PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Federated Securities Corp. will pay
financial institutions, at the time of purchase, an amount equal to .50 of 1% of
the net asset value of Shares purchased by their clients or customers under
certain qualified retirement plans as approved by Federated Securities Corp.
(Such payments are subject to a reclaim from the financial institution should
the assets leave the program within 12 months after purchase.)
Furthermore, the distributor may offer to pay a fee from its own assets to
financial institutions as financial assistance for providing substantial
marketing and sales support. The support may include sponsoring sales,
educational and training seminars for their employees, providing sales
literature, and engineering computer software programs that emphasize the
attributes of the Fund. Such assistance will be predicated upon the amount of
Shares the financial institution sells or may sell, and/or upon the type and
nature of sales or marketing support furnished by the financial institution. Any
payments made by the distributor may be reimbursed by the Fund's Adviser or its
affiliates.
ADMINISTRATION OF THE FUND
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES. Federated Administrative Services, a subsidiary of
Federated Investors, provides administrative personnel and services (including
certain legal and financial reporting services) necessary to operate the Fund.
Federated Administrative Services provides these at an annual rate which relates
to the average aggregate daily net assets of all Federated Funds as specified
below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MAXIMUM AVERAGE AGGREGATE DAILY NET
ADMINISTRATIVE FEE ASSETS OF THE FEDERATED FUNDS
- -------------------- -------------------------------------
<S> <C>
.15 of 1% on the first $250 million
.125 of 1% on the next $250 million
.10 of 1% on the next $250 million
.075 of 1% on assets in excess of $750 million
</TABLE>
The administrative fee received during any fiscal year shall be at least
$125,000 per portfolio and $30,000 per each additional class of shares.
Federated Administrative Services may choose voluntarily to waive a portion of
its fee.
EXPENSES OF THE FUND AND CLASS A SHARES
Holders of Shares pay their allocable portion of Corporation and portfolio
expenses.
The Corporation expenses for which holders of Class A Shares pay their allocable
portion include, but are not limited to: the cost of organizing the Corporation
and continuing its existence; registering the Corporation with federal and state
securities authorities; Directors' fees; auditors' fees; the cost of meetings of
Directors; legal fees of the Corporation; association membership dues; and such
non-recurring and extraordinary items as may arise from time to time.
The portfolio expenses for which holders of Class A Shares pay their allocable
portion include, but are not limited to: registering the portfolio and Class A
Shares of the portfolio; investment advisory services; taxes and commissions;
custodian fees; insurance premiums; auditors' fees; and such non-recurring and
extraordinary items as may arise from time to time.
At present, the only expenses which are allocated specifically to Class A Shares
as a class are expenses under the Corporation's Distribution Plan and fees for
Shareholder Services. However, the Directors reserve the right to allocate
certain other expenses to holders of Class A Shares as they deem appropriate
("Class Expenses"). In any case, Class Expenses would be limited to:
distribution fees; transfer agent fees as identified by the transfer agent as
attributable to holders of Class A Shares; printing and postage expenses related
to preparing and distributing materials such as shareholder reports,
prospectuses and proxies to current shareholders; registration fees paid to the
Securities and Exchange Commission and to state securities commissions; expenses
related to administrative personnel and services as required to support holders
of Class A Shares; legal fees relating solely to Class A Shares; and Directors'
fees incurred as a result of issues related solely to Class A Shares.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
When selecting brokers and dealers to handle the purchase and sale of portfolio
instruments, the Adviser looks for prompt execution of the order at a favorable
price. In working with dealers, the Adviser will generally use those who are
recognized dealers in specific portfolio instruments, except when a better price
and execution of the order can be obtained elsewhere. In selecting among firms
believed to meet these criteria, the Adviser may give consideration to those
firms which have sold or are selling Shares of the Fund and other funds
distributed by Federated Securities Corp. The Adviser makes decisions on
portfolio transactions and selects brokers and dealers subject to review by the
Directors.
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOTING RIGHTS
Each share of the Fund gives the shareholder one vote in Director elections and
other matters submitted to shareholders for vote. All shares of each fund or
class in the Corporation have equal voting rights, except that in matters
affecting only a particular fund or class, only shares of that fund or class are
entitled to vote.
As a Maryland corporation, the Corporation is not required to hold annual
shareholder meetings. Shareholder approval will be sought only for certain
changes in the Corporation's or the Fund's operation and for the election of
Directors under certain circumstances.
Directors may be removed by the Directors or by shareholders at a special
meeting. A special meeting of shareholders shall be called by the Directors upon
the written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the Corporation's
outstanding shares of all series entitled to vote.
TAX INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEDERAL INCOME TAX
The Fund will pay no federal income tax because it expects to meet requirements
of the Code, applicable to regulated investment companies and to receive the
special tax treatment afforded to such companies. However, the Fund may invest
in the stock of certain foreign corporations which would constitute a Passive
Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"). Federal income taxes may be imposed on the
Fund upon disposition of PFIC investments.
The Fund will be treated as a single, separate entity for federal income tax
purposes so that income (including capital gains) and losses realized by the
Corporation's other portfolios will not be combined for tax purposes with those
realized by the Fund.
Investment income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may
be subject to foreign taxes withheld at the source. The United States has
entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries that entitle the Fund to
reduced tax rates or exemptions on this income. The effective rate of foreign
tax cannot be predicted since the amount of Fund assets to be invested within
various countries is unknown. However, the Fund intends to operate so as to
qualify for treaty-reduced tax rates where applicable.
Unless otherwise exempt, shareholders are required to pay federal income tax on
any dividends and other distributions, including capital gains distributions,
received. This applies whether dividends and distributions are received in cash
or as additional Shares. Distributions representing long-term capital gains, if
any, will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains no matter how
long the
shareholders have held the Shares. No federal income tax is due on any dividends
earned in an IRA or qualified retirement plan until distributed.
Due to differences in the book and tax treatment of fixed income securities
denominated in foreign currencies, it is difficult to project currency effects
on an interim basis. Therefore, to the extent that currency fluctuations cannot
be anticipated, a portion of distributions to shareholders could later be
designated as a return of capital, rather than income, for income tax purposes,
which may be of particular concern to simple trusts.
If more than 50% of the value of the Fund's assets at the end of the tax year is
represented by stock or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund intends to
qualify for certain Code stipulations that would allow shareholders to claim a
foreign tax credit or deduction on their U.S. income tax returns. The Code may
limit a shareholder's ability to claim a foreign tax credit. Furthermore,
shareholders who elect to deduct their portion of the Fund's foreign taxes
rather than take the foreign tax credit must itemize deductions on their income
tax returns.
STATE AND LOCAL TAXES
Shares are exempt from personal property taxes imposed by counties,
municipalities, and school districts in Pennsylvania.
Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the status of
their accounts under state and local tax laws.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From time to time, the Fund advertises its total return and yield for Class A
Shares.
Total return represents the change, over a specific period of time, in the value
of an investment in Class A Shares after reinvesting all income and capital
gains distributions. It is calculated by dividing that change by the initial
investment and is expressed as a percentage.
The yield of Class A Shares is calculated by dividing the net investment income
per share (as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission) earned by Class
A Shares over a thirty-day period by the maximum offering price per share of
each class on the last day of the period. This number is then annualized using
semi-annual compounding. The yield does not necessarily reflect income actually
earned by Class A Shares and, therefore, may not correlate to the dividends or
other distributions paid to shareholders.
The performance information reflects the effect of non-recurring charges, such
as the maximum sales load or contingent deferred sales charges, which, if
excluded, would increase the total return and yield.
Total return and yield will be calculated separately for Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares.
From time to time, advertisements for Class A Shares of the Fund may refer to
ratings, rankings, and other information in certain financial publications
and/or compare the performance of Class A Shares to certain indices.
OTHER CLASSES OF SHARES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund also offers two other classes of
shares called Class B Shares and Class C Shares. This prospectus relates only to
Class A Shares.
Class B Shares are sold primarily to customers of financial institutions,
subject to a maximum contingent deferred sales charge of 5.50%. The Fund has
also adopted a Distribution Plan whereby the distributor is paid a fee of up to
.75 of 1% and a Shareholder Services fee of up to .25 of 1% of the Class B
Shares' average daily net assets with respect to Class B Shares. Investments in
Class B Shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $1,500, unless the
investment is in a retirement account, in which case the minimum investment is
$50.
Class C Shares are sold primarily to customers of financial institutions at net
asset value with no initial sales load. Class C Shares are distributed pursuant
to a Distribution Plan adopted by the Fund whereby the distributor is paid a fee
of up to .75 of 1%, in addition to a Shareholder Services fee of .25 of 1% of
the Class C Shares' average daily net assets. In addition, Class C Shares may be
subject to certain contingent deferred sales charges. Investments in Class C
Shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $1,500, unless the
investment is in a retirement account, in which case the minimum investment is
$50.
Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares are subject to certain of the
same expenses. Expense differences, however, among Class A Shares, Class B
Shares, and Class C Shares may affect the performance of each class.
To obtain more information and a prospectus for either Class B Shares or Class C
Shares, investors may call 1-800-235-4669 or contact their financial
institution.
ADDRESSES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Federated Latin American Growth Fund
Class A Shares Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributor
Federated Securities Corp. Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment Adviser
Federated Global Research Corp. 175 Water Street
New York, New York 10038-4965
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Custodian
State Street Bank and P.O. Box 8600
Trust Company Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
Federated Services Company P.O. Box 8600
Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Independent Auditors
Ernst & Young LLP One Oxford Centre
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEDERATED LATIN AMERICAN
GROWTH FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT
SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
PROSPECTUS
An Open-End, Diversified
Management Investment Company
February 13, 1996
FEDERATED SECURITIES CORP.
(LOGO)
- ---------------------------------------------
Distributor
A subsidiary of FEDERATED INVESTORS
FEDERATED INVESTORS TOWER
PITTSBURGH, PA 15222-3779
G01471-01 (1/96)
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may
any offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement
becomes effective. This Statement of Additional Information shall not
consititute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall
there be any sale of these securities in any State in which such offer,
solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification
under the securities laws of any such State.
Subject to Completion, January 17, 1996
FEDERATED LATIN AMERICAN GROWTH FUND
(A PORTFOLIO OF WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC.)
CLASS A SHARES
CLASS B SHARES
CLASS C SHARES
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This Statement of Additional Information should be read with the
prospectus for Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares, or the
stand-alone prospectus for Class A Shares of Federated Latin American
Growth Fund (the "Fund") dated February 13, 1996. This Statement is not a
prospectus itself. You may request a copy of either prospectus or a paper
copy of this Statement of Additional Information, if you have received it
electronically, free of charge by calling 1-800-235-4669.
FEDERATED INVESTORS TOWER
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222-3779
Statement dated February 13, 1996
FEDERATED SECURITIES
CORP.
Distributor
A subsidiary of FEDERATED INVESTORS
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND4
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES4
Convertible Securities 4
Warrants 5
Sovereign Debt Obligations 5
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery
Transactions 6
Lending of Portfolio Securities 6
Repurchase Agreements 7
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 7
Restricted and Illiquid Securities
8
Futures and Options 9
Foreign Currency Transactions 23
Special Considerations Affecting Latin
America 28
Additional Risk Considerations 31
Portfolio Turnover 32
Investment Limitations 32
WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC. MANAGEMENT
38
Fund Ownership 47
Directors Compensation 47
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES 49
Adviser to the Fund 49
Advisory Fees 49
Other Related Services 50
OTHER SERVICES 50
Fund Administration 50
Custodian 50
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing
Agent 51
Independent Auditors 51
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS 51
PURCHASING SHARES 52
Distribution Plan and Shareholder
Services Agreement 52
Conversion to Federal Funds 53
Purchases by Sales Representatives,
Directors, and Employees of the Fund
54
DETERMINING NET ASSET VALUE 54
Determining Market Value of Securities
54
Trading in Foreign Securities 55
REDEEMING SHARES 55
Redemption in Kind 56
TAX STATUS 57
The Fund's Tax Status 57
Foreign Taxes 58
Shareholders' Tax Status 58
TOTAL RETURN 58
YIELD 59
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS 59
ABOUT FEDERATED INVESTORS 62
Mutual Fund Market 63
Institutional Clients 63
Trust Organizations 63
Broker/Dealers and Bank Broker/Dealer
Subsidiaries 63
APPENDIX 64
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
The Fund is a portfolio of World Investment Series, Inc. (the "Corporation"),
which was established as a corporation under the laws of the state of Maryland
on January 25, 1994.
Shares of the Fund are offered in three classes known as Class A Shares,
Class B Shares, and Class C Shares (individually and collectively referred to as
"Shares" as the context may require). This Statement of Additional Information
relates to all three classes of the above-mentioned Shares.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide long-term growth of capital.
Any income realized from the portfolio is incidental. The Fund pursues its
investment objective by investing primarily in equity securities of Latin
American companies. The investment objective cannot be changed without the
approval of shareholders.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
The convertible bonds and convertible preferred stocks in which the Fund may
invest generally retain the investment characteristics of fixed income
securities until they have been converted but also react to movements in the
underlying equity securities. The prices of fixed income securities fluctuate
inversely to the direction of interest rates. The holder is entitled to receive
the fixed income of a bond or the dividend preference of a preferred stock until
the holder elects to exercise the conversion privilege. Usable bonds are
corporate bonds that can be used in whole or in part, customarily at full face
value, in lieu of cash to purchase the issuer's common stock.
Convertible securities are senior to equity securities, and therefore have a
claim to assets of the corporation prior to the holders of common stock in the
case of liquidation. However, convertible securities are generally subordinated
to similar nonconvertible securities of the same company. The interest income
and dividends from convertible bonds and preferred stocks provide a stable
stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks, but lower than
nonconvertible securities of similar quality. The Fund will exchange or convert
the convertible securities held in its portfolio into shares of the underlying
common stocks when, in the investment adviser's opinion, the investment
characteristics of the underlying common shares will assist the Fund in
achieving it investment objective. Otherwise, the Fund will hold or trade the
convertible securities.
WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are options to purchase common stock
at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned
common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may
have a life ranging from less than a year to twenty years or may be perpetual.
However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In
addition, if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant's
exercise price during the life of the warrant, the warrant will expire as
worthless. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights
with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage
increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater
than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned
common stock.
SOVEREIGN DEBT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may purchase sovereign debt instruments issued or guaranteed by foreign
governments or their agencies, including debt of countries with emerging markets
or developing countries. Sovereign debt may be in the form of conventional
securities or other types of debt instruments, such as loans or loan
participations. Sovereign debt of emerging market or developing countries may
involve a high degree of risk, and may be in default or present the risk of
default. Governmental entities responsible for repayment of the debt may be
unable or unwilling to repay principal and interest when due, and may require
renegotiation or rescheduling of debt payments. In addition, prospects for
repayment of principal and interest may depend on political as well as economic
factors. The Fund may also invest in debt obligations of supranational
entities, which include international organizations designed or supported by
governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development, and
international banking institutions and related government agencies. Examples of
these include, but are not limited to, the International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (World Bank), European Investment Bank and Inter-American
Development Bank.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS
These transactions are made to secure what is considered to be an advantageous
price or yield for the Fund. No fees or other expenses, other than normal
transaction costs, are incurred. However, liquid assets of the Fund sufficient
to make payment for the securities to be purchased are segregated on the Fund`s
records at the trade date. These assets are marked to market daily and are
maintained until the transaction has been settled. The Fund does not intend to
engage in when-issued and delayed delivery transactions to an extent that would
cause the segregation of more than 20% of the total value of its assets.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The collateral received when the Fund lends portfolio securities must be valued
daily and, should the market value of the loaned securities increase, the
borrower must furnish additional collateral to the Fund. During the time
portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays the Fund any dividends or
interest paid on such securities. Loans are subject to termination at the option
of the Fund or the borrower. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and
custodial fees in connection with a loan and may pay a negotiated portion of the
interest earned on the cash or equivalent collateral to the borrower or placing
broker. The Fund does not have the right to vote securities on loan, but would
terminate the loan and regain the right to vote if that were considered
important with respect to the investment.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund or its custodian will take possession of the securities subject to
repurchase agreements, and these securities will be marked to market daily. To
the extent that the original seller does not repurchase the securities from the
Fund, the Fund could receive less than the repurchase price on any sale of such
securities. In the event that such a defaulting seller filed for bankruptcy or
became insolvent, disposition of such securities by the Fund might be delayed
pending court action. The Fund believes that under the regular procedures
normally in effect for custody of the Fund's portfolio securities subject to
repurchase agreements, a court of competent jurisdiction would rule in favor of
the Fund and allow retention or disposition of such securities. The Fund will
only enter into repurchase agreements with banks and other recognized financial
institutions, such as broker/dealers, which are found by the Fund's investment
adviser to be creditworthy pursuant to guidelines established by the
Corporation's Board of Directors (the "Directors").
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements. These transactions
are similar to borrowing cash. In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund
transfers possession of a portfolio instrument to another person, such as a
financial institution, broker, or dealer, in return for a percentage of the
instrument's market value in cash, and agrees that on a stipulated date in the
future, the Fund will repurchase the portfolio instrument by remitting the
original consideration plus interest at an agreed upon rate. The use of reverse
repurchase agreements may enable the Fund to avoid selling portfolio instruments
at a time when a sale may be deemed to be disadvantageous, but the ability to
enter into reverse repurchase agreements does not ensure that the Fund will be
able to avoid selling portfolio instruments at a disadvantageous time.
When effecting reverse repurchase agreements, liquid assets of the Fund, in a
dollar amount sufficient to make payment for the obligations to be purchased,
are segregated at the trade date. These securities are marked to market daily
and are maintained until the transaction is settled.
RESTRICTED AND ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The ability of the Directors to determine the liquidity of certain restricted
securities is permitted under a Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff
position set forth in the adopting release for Rule 144A under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the "Rule"). The Rule is a non-exclusive safe-harbor
for certain secondary market transactions involving securities subject to
restrictions on resale under federal securities laws. The Rule provides an
exemption from registration for resales of otherwise restricted securities to
qualified institutional buyers. The Rule was expected to further enhance the
liquidity of the secondary market for securities eligible for resale under the
Rule.
The Fund believes that the staff of the SEC has left the question of determining
the liquidity of all restricted securities to the Directors. The Directors may
consider the following criteria in determining the liquidity of certain
restricted securities:
o the frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
o the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the
number of other potential buyers;
o dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
o the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, securities of foreign issuers which are not
listed on a recognized domestic or foreign exchange or for which a bona fide
market does not exist at the time of purchase or subsequent transaction shall be
treated as illiquid securities by the Directors.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS
The Fund may attempt to hedge all or a portion of its portfolio or gain
relatively rapid, liquid, and cost-effective exposure to certain markets by
buying and selling futures contracts and options on futures contracts.
FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Fund may engage in futures contracts. A futures contract is a firm
commitment by two parties, the seller who agrees to make delivery of the
specific type of security called for in the contract ("going short") and
the buyer who agrees to take delivery of the security ("going long") at a
certain time in the future. However, a securities index futures contract is
an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery
of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index
at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which
the index was originally written. No physical delivery of the underlying
securities in the index is made.
The purpose of the acquisition or sale of a futures contract by the Fund is
to protect the Fund from fluctuations in the value of its securities caused
by unanticipated changes in interest rates or market conditions without
necessarily buying or selling the securities. For example, in the fixed
income securities market, price generally moves inversely to interest
rates. A rise in rates generally means a drop in price. Conversely, a
drop in rates generally means a rise in price. In order to hedge its
holdings of fixed income securities against a rise in market interest
rates, the Fund could enter into contracts to deliver securities at a
predetermined price (i.e., "go short") to protect itself against the
possibility that the prices of its fixed income securities may decline
during the anticipated holding period. The Fund would "go long" (i.e.,
agree to purchase securities in the future at a predetermined price) to
hedge against a decline in market interest rates. The Fund may also invest
in securities index futures contracts when the investment adviser believes
such investment is more efficient, liquid, or cost-effective than investing
directly in the securities underlying the index.
STOCK INDEX OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase put options on stock indices listed on national
securities exchanges or traded in the over-the-counter market. A stock
index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the stocks included
in the index.
The effectiveness of purchasing stock index options will depend upon the
extent to which price movements in the Fund's portfolio correlate with
price movements of the stock index selected. Because the value of an index
option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the
price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or loss
from the purchase of options on an index depends upon movements in the
level of stock prices in the stock market generally or, in the case of
certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in
the price of a particular stock. Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of
options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the investment
adviser to predict correctly movements in the direction of the stock market
generally or of a particular industry.
PUT OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Fund may purchase listed or over-the-counter put options on financial
futures contracts. The Fund would use these options only to protect
portfolio securities against decreases in value resulting from market
factors such as anticipated increase in interest rates, or when the
investment adviser believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or
cost-effective than investing directly in the futures contract or the
underlying securities or when such futures contracts or securities are
unavailable for investment upon favorable terms.
Unlike entering directly into a futures contract, which requires the
purchaser to buy a financial instrument on a set date at a specified price,
the purchase of a put option on a futures contract entitles (but does not
obligate) its purchaser to decide on or before a future date whether to
assume a short position at the specified price. Generally, if the hedged
portfolio securities decrease in value during the term of an option, the
related futures contracts will also decrease in value and the option will
increase in value. In such an event, the Fund will normally close out its
option by selling an identical option. If the hedge is successful, the
proceeds received by the Fund upon the sale of the second option will be
large enough to offset both the premium paid by the Fund for the original
option plus the realized decrease in value of the hedged securities.
Alternatively, the Fund may exercise its put option to close out the
position. To do so, it would simultaneously enter into a futures contract
of the type underlying the option (for a price less than the strike price
of the option) and exercise the option. The Fund would then deliver the
futures contract in return for payment of the strike price. If the Fund
neither closes out nor exercises an option, the option will expire on the
date provided in the option contract, and only the premium paid for the
contract will be lost.
The Fund may write listed or over-the counter put options on financial
futures contracts to hedge its portfolio or when the investment adviser
believes such investment is more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than
investing directly in the futures contract or the underlying securities or
when such futures contracts or securities are unavailable for investment
upon favorable terms. When the Fund writes a put option on a futures
contract, it receives a cash premium which can be used in whatever way is
deemed most advantageous to the Fund. In exchange for such premium, the
Fund grants to the purchaser of the put the right to receive from the Fund,
at the strike price, a short position in such futures contract, even though
the strike price upon exercise of the option is greater than the value of
the futures position received by such holder. If the value of the
underlying futures position is not such that exercise of the option would
be profitable to the option holder, the option will generally expire
without being exercised. The Fund has no obligation to return premiums
paid to it whether or not the option is exercised. It will generally be
the policy of the Fund, in order to avoid the exercise of an option sold by
it, to cancel its obligation under the option by entering into a closing
purchase transaction, if available, unless it is determined to be in the
Fund's interest to deliver the underlying futures position. A closing
purchase transaction consists of the purchase by the Fund of an option
having the same term as the option sold by the Fund, and has the effect of
canceling the Fund's position as a seller. The premium which the Fund will
pay in executing a closing purchase transaction may be higher than the
premium received when the option was sold, depending in large part upon the
relative price of the underlying futures position at the time of each
transaction.
CALL OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL AND STOCK INDEX FUTURES CONTRACTS
In addition to purchasing put options on futures, the Fund may write listed
call options or over-the-counter call options on financial and stock index
futures contracts (including cash-settled stock index options), to hedge
its portfolio against an increase in market interest rates, a decrease in
stock prices, or when the investment adviser believes such investment is
more efficient, liquid or cost-effective than investing directly in the
futures contract or the underlying securities or when such futures
contracts or securities are unavailable for investment upon favorable
terms. When the Fund writes a call option on a futures contract, it is
undertaking the obligation of assuming a short futures position (selling a
futures contract) at the fixed strike price at any time during the life of
the option if the option is exercised. As stock prices fall or market
interest rates rise and cause the price of futures to decrease, the Fund's
obligation under a call option on a future (to sell a futures contract)
costs less to fulfill, causing the value of the Fund's call option position
to increase.
In other words, as the underlying futures price goes down below the strike
price, the buyer of the option has no reason to exercise the call, so that
the Fund keeps the premium received for the option. This premium can
substantially offset the drop in value of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Prior to the expiration of a call written by the Fund, or exercise of it by
the buyer, the Fund may close out the option by buying an identical option.
If the hedge is successful, the cost of the second option will be less than
the premium received by the Fund for the initial option. The net premium
income of the Fund may then substantially offset the realized decrease in
value of the hedged securities.
When the Fund purchases a call on a financial futures contract, it receives
in exchange for the payment of a cash premium the right, but not the
obligation, to enter into the underlying futures contract at a strike price
determined at the time the call was purchased, regardless of the
comparative market of such futures position at the time the option is
exercised. The holder of a call option has the right to receive a long (or
buyer's) position in the underlying futures contract.
The Fund generally will not maintain open positions in futures contracts it
has sold or call options it has written on futures contracts if, in the
aggregate, the value of the open positions (marked to market) exceeds the
current market value of its securities portfolio plus the unrealized loss
or minus the unrealized gain on those open positions, adjusted for the
correlation between the hedged securities and the futures contracts. If
this limitation is exceeded at any time, the Fund will take prompt action
to close out a sufficient number of open contracts to bring its open
futures and options positions within this limitation.
"MARGIN" IN FUTURES TRANSACTIONS
Unlike the purchase or sale of a security, the Fund does not pay or receive
money upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Rather, the Fund is
required to deposit an amount of "initial margin" in cash or U.S. Treasury
bills with its custodian (or the broker, if legally permitted). The nature
of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin
in securities transactions in that initial margin in futures transactions
does not involve the borrowing of funds by the Fund to finance the
transactions. Initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good
faith deposit on the contract which is returned to the Fund upon
termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations
have been satisfied.
A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official
settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund
pays or receives cash, called "variation margin," equal to the daily change
in value of the futures contract. This process is known as "marking to
market." Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the
Fund but is instead settlement between the Fund and the broker of the
amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In
computing its daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market its open
futures positions.
The Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin when it writes
call options on futures contracts.
PURCHASING PUT AND CALL OPTIONS ON PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may purchase put and call options on portfolio securities to
protect against price movements in particular securities in its portfolio.
A put option gives the Fund, in return for a premium, the right to sell the
underlying security to the writer (seller) at a specified price during the
term of the option. A call option gives the Fund, in return for a premium,
the right to buy the underlying securities from the seller.
WRITING COVERED PUT AND CALL OPTIONS ON PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may write covered put and call options to generate income and
thereby protect against price movements in particular securities in the
Fund's portfolio. As the writer of a call option, the Fund has the
obligation upon exercise of the option during the option period to deliver
the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price. As the writer
of a put option, the Fund has the obligation to purchase a security from
the purchaser of the option upon the exercise of the option.
The Fund may only write call options either on securities held in its
portfolio or on securities which it has the right to obtain without payment
of further consideration (or has segregated cash in the amount of any
additional consideration). In the case of put options, the Fund will
segregate cash or U.S. Treasury obligations with a value equal to or
greater than the exercise price of the underlying securities.
OVER-THE-COUNTER OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase and write over-the-counter options ("OTC options") on
portfolio securities or in securities indexes in negotiated transactions
with the buyers or writers of the options when options on the portfolio
securities held by the Fund or when the securities indexes are not traded
on an exchange.
OTC options are two-party contracts with price and terms negotiated between
buyer and seller. In contrast, exchange-traded options are third-party
contracts with standardized strike prices and expiration dates and are
purchased from a clearing corporation. Exchange-traded options have a
continuous liquid market while OTC options may not.
RISKS
OPTIONS
Certain hedging vehicles have risks associated with them including
possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to
the extent the adviser's view as to certain market movements is incorrect,
the risk that the use of such hedging strategies could result in losses
greater than if they had not been used. Use of put and call options may
result in losses to the Fund, force the sale or purchase of portfolio
securities at inopportune times or for prices higher than (in the case of
put options) or lower than (in the case of call options) current market
values, limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on its
investments or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell.
The use of currency transactions can result in the Fund incurring losses as
a result of a number of factors including the imposition of exchange
controls, suspension of settlements, or the inability to deliver or receive
a specified currency. The use of options and futures transactions entails
certain other risks. In particular, the variable degree of correlation
between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the
related portfolio position of the Fund creates the possibility that losses
on the hedging instrument may be greater than gains in the value of the
Fund's position. In addition, futures and options markets may both be
liquid in all circumstances and certain over-the-counter options may have
not markets. As a result, in certain markets, the Fund might not be able
to close out a transaction without incurring substantial losses, if at all.
Although the use of futures and options transactions for hedging should
tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the
hedged position, at the same time they tend to limit any potential gain
which might result from an increase in value of such position. Finally,
the daily variation margin requirements for futures contracts would create
a greater ongoing potential financial risk than would purchase of options,
where the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium. Losses
resulting from the use of hedging strategies would reduce net asset value,
and possibly income, and such losses can be greater than if the hedging
strategies had not been utilized.
COMBINED TRANSACTIONS
The Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple options
transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transaction
(including forward currency contracts) and multiple interest rate
transactions and any combination of futures, options, currency and interest
rate transactions ("component" transactions), instead of a single hedging
strategy, as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the opinion of
the investment adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A
combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present
in each of its component transactions. Although combined transactions are
normally entered into based on the investment adviser's judgment that the
combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve
the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination
will instead increase such risks or hinder achievement of the portfolio
management objective.
SWAPS, CAPS, FLOORS AND COLLARS
Among the hedging strategies into which the Fund may enter are interest
rate, currency and index swaps and the purchase or sale of related caps,
floors, and collars. The Fund expects to enter into these transactions
primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or
portion of its portfolio, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a
duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the
price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. The
Fund intends to use these transactions as hedges and not as speculative
investments and will not sell interest rate caps or floors where it does
not own securities or other instruments providing the income stream the
Fund may be obligated to pay. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by
the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or
receive interest, e.g., an exchange of floating rating payments of fixed
rate payments with respect to a notional amount of principal. A currency
swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows on a notional amount of two or
more currencies based on the relative value differential among them and an
index swap is an agreement to swap cash flows on a notional amount based on
changes in the values of the reference indices. The purchase of a cap
entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount
from the party selling such cap to the extent that a specified index
exceeds a predetermined interest rate or amount. The purchase of a floor
entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount
from the party selling such floor to the extent that specified index falls
below a predetermined interest rate or amount. A collar is a combination
of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined
range of interest rates or values.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two
payment streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or
dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as
the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Inasmuch as
these swaps, caps, floors, and collars are entered into for good faith
hedging purposes, the investment adviser and the Fund believe such
obligations do not constitute senior securities under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, and, accordingly, will not treat them as
being subject to its borrowing restrictions. There is no minimal
acceptable rating for a swap, cap, floor, or collar to be purchased or held
in the Fund's portfolio. If there is a default by the counterparty, the
Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to
the transaction. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years
with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as
principals and agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a
result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Caps, floors and
collars are more recent innovations for which standardized documentation
has not yet been fully developed and, accordingly, they are less liquid
than swaps.
RISKS OF HEDGING STRATEGIES OUTSIDE THE U.S.
When conducted outside the U.S., hedging strategies may not be regulated as
rigorously as in the U.S., may not involve a clearing mechanism and
related guarantees, and are subject to the risk of governmental actions
affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and
other instruments. The value of such positions also could be adversely
affected by: (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic
factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the U.S. of data on which to make
trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Fund's ability to act upon economic
events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the U.S.,
(iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and
procedures and the margin requirements than in the U.S., and (v) lower
trading volume and liquidity.
USE OF SEGREGATED AND OTHER SPECIAL ACCOUNTS
Many hedging strategies, in addition to other requirements, require that
the Fund segregate liquid high grade assets with its custodian to the
extent Fund obligations are not otherwise "covered" through ownership of
the underlying security, financial instrument or currency. In general,
either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver
securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities,
instruments or currency required to be delivered, or, subject to any
regulatory restrictions, an amount of cash or liquid high grade securities
at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be segregated
with the custodian. The segregated assets cannot be sold or transferred
unless equivalent assets are substituted in their place or it is no longer
necessary to segregate them. For example, a call option written by the
Fund will require the Fund to hold the securities subject to the call (or
securities convertible into the needed securities without additional
consideration) or to segregate liquid high grade securities sufficient to
purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised. A call
option sold by the Fund on an index will require the Fund to own portfolio
securities which correlate with the index or to segregate liquid high grade
assets equal to the excess of the index value over the exercise price on a
current basis. A put option written by the Fund requires the Fund to
segregate liquid high grade assets equal to the exercise price.
Except when the Fund enters into a forward contract for the purchase or
sale of a security denominated in a particular currency, a currency
contract which obligates the Fund to buy or sell currency will generally
require the Fund to hold an amount of that currency or liquid securities
denominated in that currency equal to the Fund's obligations or to
segregate liquid high grade assets equal to the amount of the Fund's
obligations.
OTC options entered into by the Fund, including those on securities,
currency, financial instruments or indices and OTC issued and exchange
listed index options, will generally provide for cash settlement. As a
result, when the Fund sells these instruments it will only segregate an
amount of assets equal to its accrued net obligations, as there is no
requirement for payment or delivery of amounts in excess of the net amount.
These amounts will equal 100% of the exercise price in the case of a non
cash-settled put, the same as an OCC guaranteed listed option sold by the
Fund, or the in-the-money amount plus any sell-back formula amount in the
case of a cash-settled put or call. In addition, when the Fund sells a
call option on an index at a time when the in-the-money amount exceeds the
exercise price, the Fund will segregate, until the option expires or is
closed out, cash or cash equivalents equal in value to such excess. OTC
issued and exchange listed options sold by the Fund other than those above
generally settle with physical delivery, and the Fund will segregate an
equal amount of assets equal to the full value of the option. OTC options
settling with physical delivery, or with an election of either physical
delivery or cash settlement will be treated the same as other options
settling with physical delivery.
In the case of a futures contract or an option thereon, the Fund must
deposit initial margin and possibly daily variation margin in addition to
segregating assets sufficient to meet its obligation to purchase or provide
securities or currencies, or to pay the amount owed at the expiration of an
index-based futures contract. Such assets may consist of cash, cash
equivalents, liquid debt or equity securities or other acceptable assets.
With respect to swaps, the Fund will accrue the net amount of the excess,
if any, of its obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap
on a daily basis and will segregate an amount of cash or liquid high grade
securities having a value equal to the accrued excess. Caps, floors and
collars require segregation of assets with a value equal to the Fund's net
obligation, if any.
Strategic transactions may be covered by other means when consistent with
applicable regulatory policies. The Fund may also enter into offsetting
transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated
assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related options and
hedging strategies. For example, the Fund could purchase a put option if
the strike price of that option is the same or higher than the strike price
of a put option sold by the Fund. Moreover, instead of segregating assets
if the Fund held a futures or forward contract, it could purchase a put
option on the same futures or forward contract with a strike price as high
or higher than the price of the contract held. Other hedging strategies
may also be offset in combinations. If the offsetting transaction
terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction no segregation
is required, but if it terminates prior to such time, assets equal to any
remaining obligation would need to be segregated.
The Fund's activities involving hedging strategies may be limited by the
requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the "Code") for qualification as a regulated investment company.
(See "Tax Status")
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
CURRENCY RISKS
The exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies are a
function of such factors as supply and demand in the currency exchange
markets, international balances of payments, governmental intervention,
speculation and other economic and political conditions. Although the Fund
values its assets daily in U.S. dollars, the Fund may not convert its
holdings of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars daily. The Fund may incur
conversion costs when it converts its holdings to another currency. Foreign
exchange dealers may realize a profit on the difference between the price
at which the Fund buys and sells currencies.
The Fund will engage in foreign currency exchange transactions in
connection with its portfolio investments. The Fund will conduct its
foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis
at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market or
through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts in
order to protect against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change
in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency involved
in an underlying transaction. However, forward foreign currency exchange
contracts may limit potential gains which could result from a positive
change in such currency relationships. The investment adviser believes that
it is important to have the flexibility to enter into forward foreign
currency exchange contracts whenever it determines that it is in the Fund's
best interest to do so. The Fund will not speculate in foreign currency
exchange.
The Fund will not enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts or
maintain a net exposure in such contracts when it would be obligated to
deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of its
portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency or, in
the case of a "cross-hedge" denominated in a currency or currencies that
the investment adviser believes will tend to be closely correlated with
that currency with regard to price movements. Generally, the Fund will not
enter into a forward foreign currency exchange contract with a term longer
than one year.
FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS
A foreign currency option provides the option buyer with the right to buy
or sell a stated amount of foreign currency at the exercise price on a
specified date or during the option period. The owner of a call option has
the right, but not the obligation, to buy the currency. Conversely, the
owner of a put option has the right, but not the obligation, to sell the
currency.
When the option is exercised, the seller (i.e., writer) of the option is
obligated to fulfill the terms of the sold option. However, either the
seller or the buyer may, in the secondary market, close its position during
the option period at any time prior to expiration.
A call option on foreign currency generally rises in value if the
underlying currency appreciates in value, and a put option on foreign
currency generally rises in value if the underlying currency depreciates in
value. Although purchasing a foreign currency option can protect the Fund
against an adverse movement in the value of a foreign currency, the option
will not limit the movement in the value of such currency. For example, if
the Fund was holding securities denominated in a foreign currency that was
appreciating and had purchased a foreign currency put to hedge against a
decline in the value of the currency, the Fund would not have to exercise
its put option. Likewise, if the Fund were to enter into a contract to
purchase a security denominated in foreign currency and, in conjunction
with that purchase, were to purchase a foreign currency call option to
hedge against a rise in value of the currency, and if the value of the
currency instead depreciated between the date of purchase and the
settlement date, the Fund would not have to exercise its call. Instead, the
Fund could acquire in the spot market the amount of foreign currency needed
for settlement.
SPECIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS
Buyers and sellers of foreign currency options are subject to the same
risks that apply to options generally. In addition, there are certain risks
associated with foreign currency options. The markets in foreign currency
options are relatively new, and the Fund's ability to establish and close
out positions on such options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid
secondary market. Although the Fund will not purchase or write such options
unless and until, in the opinion of the investment adviser, the market for
them has developed sufficiently to ensure that the risks in connection with
such options are not greater than the risks in connection with the
underlying currency, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary
market will exist for a particular option at any specific time.
In addition, options on foreign currencies are affected by all of those
factors that influence foreign exchange rates and investments generally.
The value of a foreign currency option depends upon the value of the
underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result, the price of
the option position may vary with changes in the value of either or both
currencies and may have no relationship to the investment merits of a
foreign security. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the
interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may
be involved in the use of foreign currency options, investors may be
disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd lot market (generally consisting
of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign
currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign
currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through
dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis.
Available quotation information is generally representative of very large
transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect relatively
smaller transactions (i.e., less than $1 million) where rates may be less
favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-
the-clock market. To the extent that the U.S. option markets are closed
while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant
price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that
cannot be reflected in the options markets until they reopen.
FOREIGN CURRENCY FUTURES TRANSACTIONS
By using foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts,
the Fund may be able to achieve many of the same objectives as it would
through the use of forward foreign currency exchange contracts. The Fund
may be able to achieve these objectives possibly more effectively and at a
lower cost by using futures transactions instead of forward foreign
currency exchange contracts.
SPECIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED
OPTIONS
Buyers and sellers of foreign currency futures contracts are subject to the
same risks that apply to the use of futures generally. In addition, there
are risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts and their use
as a hedging device similar to those associated with options on currencies,
as described above.
Options on foreign currency futures contracts may involve certain
additional risks. Trading options on foreign currency futures contracts is
relatively new. The ability to establish and close out positions on such
options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market. To
reduce this risk, the Fund will not purchase or write options on foreign
currency futures contracts unless and until, in the opinion of the
investment adviser, the market for such options has developed sufficiently
that the risks in connection with such options are not greater than the
risks in connection with transactions in the underlying foreign currency
futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of foreign currency
futures contracts, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts
involves less potential risk to the Fund because the maximum amount at risk
is the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). However, there
may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a futures
contract would result in a loss, such as when there is no movement in the
price of the underlying currency or futures contract.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AFFECTING LATIN AMERICA
Investing in securities of Latin American issuers may entail risks relating to
the potential political and economic instability of certain Latin American
countries and the risks of expropriation, nationalization, confiscation or the
imposition of restrictions on foreign investment and on repatriation of capital
invested. In the event of expropriation, nationalization or other confiscation
by any country, the Fund could lose its entire investment in any such country.
The securities markets of Latin American countries are substantially smaller,
less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the major securities markets
in the U.S. Disclosure and regulatory standards are in many respects less
stringent than U.S. standards. Furthermore, there is a lower level of
monitoring and regulation of the markets and the activities of investors in such
markets.
The limited size of many Latin American securities markets and limited trading
volume in the securities of Latin American issuers compared to volume of trading
in the securities of U.S. issuers could cause prices to be erratic for reasons
apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the
securities issuers. For example, limited market size may cause prices to be
unduly influenced by traders who control large positions. Adverse publicity and
investors' perceptions, whether or not based on in-depth fundamental analysis,
may decrease the value and liquidity of portfolio securities.
The Fund invests in securities denominated in currencies of Latin American
countries. Accordingly, changes in the value of these currencies against the
U.S. dollar will result in corresponding changes in the U.S. dollar value of the
Fund's assets denominated in those currencies.
Some Latin American countries also may have managed currencies, which are not
free floating against the U.S. dollar. In addition, there is risk that certain
Latin American countries may restrict the free conversion of their currencies
into other currencies. Further, certain Latin American currencies may not be
internationally traded. Certain of these currencies have experienced a steep
devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar. Any devaluations in the currencies in
which the Fund's portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental
impact on the Fund's net asset value.
The economies of individual Latin American countries may differ favorably or
unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as the rate of growth of
gross domestic product, the rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource
self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Certain Latin American
countries have experienced high levels of inflation which can have a
debilitating effect on an economy. Furthermore, certain Latin American
countries may impose withholding taxes on dividends payable to the Fund at a
higher rate than those imposed by other foreign countries. This may reduce the
Fund's investment income available for distribution to shareholders.
Certain Latin American countries such as Argentina, Brazil and Mexico are among
the world's largest debtors to commercial banks and foreign governments. At
times, certain Latin American countries have declared moratoria on the payment
of principal and/or interest on outstanding debt. Investment in sovereign debt
can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the
repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal
and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A
governmental entity's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due
in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow
situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient
foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt
service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity's policy
towards the International Monetary Fund, and the political constraints to which
a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities may also be
dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral
agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their
debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to
make such disbursements may be conditioned on a governmental entity's
implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely
service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to implement such reforms,
achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when
due may result in the cancellation of such third parties' commitments to lend
funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtor's ability
or willingness to service its debts in a timely manner. Consequently,
governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt.
Holders of sovereign debt, including the Fund, may be requested to participate
in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental
entities. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which defaulted sovereign debt
may be collected in whole or in part.
Economic growth was strong in the 1960's and 1970's, but slowed dramatically
(and in some instances was negative) in the 1980's as a result of poor economic
policies, higher international interest rates, and the denial of access to new
foreign capital. Although a number of Latin American countries are currently
experiencing lower rates of inflation and higher rates of real growth in gross
domestic product than they have in the past, other Latin American countries
continue to experience significant problems, including high inflation rates and
high interest rates. Capital flight has proven a persistent problem and
external debt has been forcibly rescheduled. Political turmoil, high inflation,
capital repatriation restrictions, and nationalization have further exacerbated
conditions.
Governments of many Latin American countries have exercised and continue to
exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector through
the ownership or control of many companies, including some of the largest in
those countries. As a result, government actions in the future could have a
significant effect on economic conditions which may adversely affect prices of
certain portfolio securities. Expropriation, confiscatory taxation,
nationalization, political, economic or social instability or other similar
developments, such as military coups, have occurred in the past and could also
adversely affect the Fund's investments in this region.
Changes in political leadership, the implementation of market oriented economic
policies, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA"),
privatization, trade reform and fiscal and monetary reform are among the recent
steps taken to renew economic growth. External debt is being restructured and
flight capital (domestic capital that has left home country) has begun to
return. Inflation control efforts have also been implemented. Latin American
equity markets can be extremely volatile and in the past have shown little
correlation with the U.S. market. Currencies are typically weak, but most are
now relatively free floating, and it is not unusual for the currencies to
undergo wide fluctuations in value over short periods of time due to changes in
the market.
ADDITIONAL RISK CONSIDERATIONS
The Directors consider at least annually the likelihood of the imposition by any
foreign government of exchange control restrictions which would affect the
liquidity of the Fund's assets maintained with custodians in foreign countries,
as well as the degree of risk from political acts of foreign governments to
which such assets may be exposed. The Directors also consider the degree of
risk involved through the holding of portfolio securities in domestic and
foreign securities depositories. However, in the absence of willful
misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the investment
adviser, any losses resulting from the holding of the Fund's portfolio
securities in foreign countries and/or with securities depositories will be at
the risk of shareholders. No assurance can be given that the Directors'
appraisal of the risks will always be correct or that such exchange control
restrictions or political acts of foreign governments might not occur.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund does not intend to invest for the purpose of seeking short-
term profits, securities in its portfolio will be sold whenever the investment
adviser believes it is appropriate to do so in light of the Fund's investment
objective, without regard to the length of time a particular security may have
been held. The investment adviser does not anticipate that portfolio turnover
will result in adverse tax consequences. It is not anticipated that the
portfolio trading engaged in by the Fund will result in its annual rate of
portfolio turnover exceeding 100%; however, the relative performance of the
Fund's investments may make a realignment of the Fund's portfolio desirable from
time to time. The frequency of such portfolio realignments will be determined
by market conditions. Higher portfolio turnover involves correspondingly
greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs that the Fund will
bear directly.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The following investment limitations are fundamental (except that no investment
limitation of the Fund shall prevent the Fund from investing substantially all
of its assets (except for assets which are not considered "investment
securities" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or assets
exempted by the SEC) in an open-end investment company with substantially the
same investment objectives):
SELLING SHORT AND BUYING ON MARGIN
The Fund will not sell any securities short or purchase any securities on
margin, but may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the
clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities. The deposit or
payment by the Fund of initial or variation margin in connection with
financial futures contracts or related options transactions is not
considered the purchase of a security on margin.
ISSUING SENIOR SECURITIES AND BORROWING MONEY
The Fund will not issue senior securities, except that the Fund may borrow
money directly or through reverse repurchase agreements in amounts up to
one-third of the value of its total assets, including the amount borrowed,
and except to the extent that the Fund may enter into futures contracts.
The Fund will not borrow money or engage in reverse repurchase agreements
for investment leverage, but rather as a temporary, extraordinary, or
emergency measure or to facilitate management of the portfolio by enabling
the Fund to meet redemption requests when the liquidation of portfolio
securities is deemed to be inconvenient or disadvantageous. The Fund will
not purchase any securities while any borrowings in excess of 5% of its
total assets are outstanding.
PLEDGING ASSETS
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate any assets except to
secure permitted borrowings. In these cases, the Fund may pledge assets as
necessary to secure such borrowings. For purposes of this limitation, the
following will not be deemed to be pledges of the Fund's assets: (a) the
deposit of assets in escrow in connection with the writing of covered put
or call options and the purchase of securities on a when-issued basis; and
(b) collateral arrangements with respect to: (i) the purchase and sale of
securities options (and options on securities indexes) and (ii) initial or
variation margin for futures contracts.
CONCENTRATION OF INVESTMENTS
The Fund will not invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in
any one industry, except that the Fund may invest 25% or more of the value
of its total assets in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities.
INVESTING IN COMMODITIES
The Fund will not invest in commodities, except that the Fund reserves the
right to engage in transactions involving futures contracts, options, and
forward contracts with respect to securities, securities indexes or
currencies.
INVESTING IN REAL ESTATE
The Fund will not purchase or sell real estate, including limited
partnership interests, although it may invest in the securities of
companies whose business involves the purchase or sale of real estate or in
securities which are secured by real estate or interests in real estate.
LENDING CASH OR SECURITIES
The Fund will not lend any of its assets, except portfolio securities.
This shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or holding U.S. government
obligations, corporate bonds, money market instruments, debentures, notes,
certificates of indebtedness, or other debt securities, entering into
repurchase agreements, or engaging in other transactions where permitted by
the Fund's investment objective, policies, and limitations or the
Corporation's Articles of Incorporation.
UNDERWRITING
The Fund will not underwrite any issue of securities, except as it may be
deemed to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection
with the sale of securities in accordance with its investment objective,
policies, and limitations.
DIVERSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS
With respect to securities comprising 75% of the value of its total assets,
the Fund will not purchase securities issued by any one issuer (other than
cash, cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by such securities) if, as a result, more than 5% of the
value of its total assets would be invested in the securities of that
issuer, and will not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting
securities of any one issuer.
The above investment limitations cannot be changed without shareholder approval.
The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Directors without
shareholder approval (except that no investment limitation of the Fund shall
prevent the Fund from investing substantially all of its assets (except for
assets which are not considered "investment securities" under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, or assets exempted by the SEC) in an open-end
investment company with substantially the same investment objectives).
Shareholders will be notified before any material changes in these limitations
become effective.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
The Fund will limit its investment in other investment companies to no more
than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any investment company,
will invest no more than 5% of its total assets in any one investment
company, and will invest no more than 10% of its total assets in investment
companies in general. The Fund will purchase securities of investment
companies only in open-market transactions involving only customary
broker's commissions. However, these limitations are not applicable if the
securities are acquired in a merger, consolidation, or acquisition of
assets. It should be noted that investment companies incur certain
expenses such as management fees, and, therefore, any investment by the
Fund in shares of another investment company would be subject to such
duplicate expenses.
INVESTING IN ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund will not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements providing for
settlement in more than seven days after notice, non-negotiable time
deposits with maturities over seven days, over-the-counter options, swap
agreements not determined to be liquid, and certain restricted securities
not determined by the Directors to be liquid.
INVESTING IN NEW ISSUERS
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in
securities of issuers with records of less than three years of continuous
operations, including the operation of any predecessor.
INVESTING IN ISSUERS WHOSE SECURITIES ARE OWNED BY OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF
THE CORPORATION
The Fund will not purchase or retain the securities of any issuer if the
officers and Directors of the Corporation or the Fund's investment adviser,
owning individually more than 1/2 of 1% of the issuer's securities,
together own more than 5% of the issuer's securities.
INVESTING IN MINERALS
The Fund will not purchase interests in oil, gas, or other mineral
exploration or development programs or leases, although it may invest in
the securities of issuers which invest in or sponsor such programs.
PURCHASING SECURITIES TO EXERCISE CONTROL
The Fund will not purchase securities of a company for the purpose of
exercising control or management.
INVESTING IN PUT OPTIONS
The Fund will not purchase put options on securities or futures contracts,
unless the securities or futures contracts are held in the Fund's portfolio
or unless the Fund is entitled to them in deliverable form without further
payment or after segregating cash in the amount of any further payment.
WRITING COVERED CALL OPTIONS
The Fund will not write call options on securities unless the securities or
futures contracts are held in the Fund's portfolio or unless the Fund is
entitled to them in deliverable form without further payment or after
segregating cash in the amount of any further payment.
INVESTING IN WARRANTS
The Fund will not invest more than 5% of the value of its net assets in
warrants, including those acquired in units or attached to other
securities. No more than 2% of the Fund's net assets, to be included within
the overall 5% limit on investments in warrants, may be warrants which are
not listed on the New York or American Stock Exchanges. For purposes of
this investment restriction, warrants will be valued at the lower of cost
or market, except that warrants acquired by the Fund in units with or
attached to securities may be deemed to be without value.
Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to
at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting
from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such
restriction.
The Fund has no present intent to borrow money, pledge securities, or invest in
reverse repurchase agreements in excess of 5% of the value of its total assets
in the coming fiscal year. In addition, the Fund expects to lend not more than
5% of its total assets in the coming fiscal year.
To comply with registration requirements in certain states, the Fund (1) will
limit the aggregate value of the assets underlying covered call options or put
options written by the Fund to not more than 25% of its net assets, (2) will
limit the premiums paid for options purchased by the Fund to 5% of its net
assets, and (3) will limit the margin deposits on futures contracts entered into
by the Fund to 5% of its net assets. (If state requirements change, these
restrictions may be revised without shareholder notification.)
For purposes of its policies and limitations, the Fund considers certificates of
deposit and demand and time deposits issued by a U.S. branch of a domestic bank
or savings and loan having capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of
$100,000,000 at the time of investment to be "cash items."
WORLD INVESTMENT SERIES, INC. MANAGEMENT
Officers and Directors are listed with their addresses, birthdates, present
positions with World Investment Series, Inc., and principal occupations.
John F. Donahue@*
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: July 28, 1924
Chairman and Director
Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investors, Federated Advisers, Federated
Management, and Federated Research; Chairman and Director, Federated Research
Corp. and Federated Global Research Corp.; Chairman, Passport Research, Ltd.;
Chief Executive Officer and Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of
the Funds. Mr. Donahue is the father of J. Christopher Donahue, Executive Vice
President of the Company .
Thomas G. Bigley
28th Floor, One Oxford Centre
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: February 3, 1934
Director
Director, Oberg Manufacturing Co.; Chairman of the Board, Children's Hospital of
Pittsburgh; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds;
formerly, Senior Partner, Ernst & Young LLP.
John T. Conroy, Jr.
Wood/IPC Commercial Department
John R. Wood and Associates, Inc., Realtors
3255 Tamiami Trail North
Naples, FL
Birthdate: June 23, 1937
Director
President, Investment Properties Corporation; Senior Vice-President, John R.
Wood and Associates, Inc., Realtors; President, Northgate Village Development
Corporation; Partner or Trustee in private real estate ventures in Southwest
Florida; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly,
President, Naples Property Management, Inc.
William J. Copeland
One PNC Plaza - 23rd Floor
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: July 4, 1918
Director
Director and Member of the Executive Committee, Michael Baker, Inc.; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, Vice Chairman and
Director, PNC Bank, N.A., and PNC Bank Corp. and Director, Ryan Homes, Inc.
James E. Dowd
571 Hayward Mill Road
Concord, MA
Birthdate: May 18, 1922
Director
Attorney-at-law; Director, The Emerging Germany Fund, Inc.; Director, Trustee,
or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Lawrence D. Ellis, M.D.*
3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1111
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 11, 1932
Director
Professor of Medicine and Member, Board of Trustees, University of Pittsburgh;
Medical Director, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center - Downtown; Member,
Board of Directors, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; formerly,
Hematologist, Oncologist, and Internist, Presbyterian and Montefiore Hospitals;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Richard B. Fisher *
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: May 17, 1923
President and Director
Executive Vice President and Trustee, Federated Investors; Chairman and
Director, Federated Securities Corp.; President or Vice President of some of the
Funds; Director or Trustee of some of the Funds.
Edward L. Flaherty, Jr.@
Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty
Two Gateway Center - Suite 674
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: June 18, 1924
Director
Attorney-at-law; Shareholder, Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty; Director,
Eat'N Park Restaurants, Inc., and Statewide Settlement Agency, Inc.; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, Counsel, Horizon
Financial, F.A., Western Region.
Peter E. Madden
Seacliff
562 Bellevue Avenue
Newport, RI
Birthdate: March 16, 1942
Director
Consultant; State Representative, Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Director,
Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; formerly, President, State
Street Bank and Trust Company and State Street Boston Corporation.
Gregor F. Meyer
Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty
Two Gateway Center - Suite 674
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 6, 1926
Director
Attorney-at-law; Shareholder, Henny, Kochuba, Meyer and Flaherty; Chairman,
Meritcare, Inc.; Director, Eat'N Park Restaurants, Inc.; Director, Trustee, or
Managing General Partner of the Funds.
John E. Murray, Jr., J.D., S.J.D.
President, Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: December 20, 1932
Director
President, Law Professor, Duquesne University; Consulting Partner, Mollica,
Murray and Hogue; Director, Trustee or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
Wesley W. Posvar
1202 Cathedral of Learning
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: September 14, 1925
Director
Professor, International Politics and Management Consultant; Trustee, Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, RAND Corporation, Online Computer Library
Center, Inc., and U.S. Space Foundation; Chairman, Czecho Management Center;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds; President Emeritus,
University of Pittsburgh; founding Chairman, National Advisory Council for
Environmental Policy and Technology and Federal Emergency Management Advisory
Board.
Marjorie P. Smuts
4905 Bayard Street
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: June 21, 1935
Director
Public relations/marketing consultant; Conference Coordinator, Non-profit
entities; Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of the Funds.
J. Christopher Donahue
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: April 11, 1949
Executive Vice President
President and Trustee, Federated Investors, Federated Advisers, Federated
Management, and Federated Research; President and Director, Federated Research
Corp. and Federated Global Research Corp.; President, Passport Research, Ltd.;
Trustee, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Services Company, and
Federated Shareholder Services; President or Vice President of the Funds;
Director, Trustee, or Managing General Partner of some of the Funds. Mr. Donahue
is the son of John F. Donahue, Chairman and Director of the Company.
Edward C. Gonzales
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 22, 1930
Executive Vice President
Vice Chairman, Treasurer, and Trustee, Federated Investors; Vice President,
Federated Advisers, Federated Management, Federated Research, Federated Research
Corp., Federated Global Research Corp. and Passport Research, Ltd.; Executive
Vice President and Director, Federated Securities Corp.; Trustee, Federated
Services Company; Chairman, Treasurer, and Trustee, Federated Administrative
Services; Trustee or Director of some of the Funds; President, Executive Vice
President and Treasurer of some of the Funds.
John W. McGonigle
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: October 26, 1938
Executive Vice President and Secretary
Executive Vice President, Secretary, General Counsel, and Trustee, Federated
Investors; Trustee, Federated Advisers, Federated Management, and Federated
Research; Director, Federated Research Corp. and Federated Global Research
Corp.; Trustee, Federated Services Company; Executive Vice President, Secretary,
and Trustee, Federated Administrative Services; President and Trustee, Federated
Shareholder Services; Director, Federated Securities Corp.; Executive Vice
President and Secretary of the Funds.
David M. Taylor
Federated Investors Tower
Pittsburgh, PA
Birthdate: January 13, 1947
Treasurer
Senior Vice President, Controller, and Trustee, Federated Investors; Controller,
Federated Advisers, Federated Management, Federated Research, Federated Research
Corp., and Passport Research, Ltd.; Senior Vice President, Federated
Shareholder Services; Vice President, Federated Administrative Services;
Treasurer of some of the Funds.
* This Director is deemed to be an "interested person" as defined in the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
@ Member of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee of the Board of
Directors handles the responsibilities of the Board of Directors between
meetings of the Board.
As used in the table above, "The Funds" and "Funds" mean the following
investment companies: American Leaders Fund, Inc.; Annuity Management Series;
Arrow Funds; Automated Government Money Trust; Blanchard Funds; Blanchard
Precious Metals, Inc.; Cash Trust Series II; Cash Trust Series, Inc.; DG
Investor Series; Edward D. Jones & Co. Daily Passport Cash Trust; Federated ARMs
Fund; Federated Equity Funds; Federated Exchange Fund, Ltd.; Federated GNMA
Trust; Federated Government Trust; Federated High Yield Trust; Federated Income
Securities Trust; Federated Income Trust; Federated Index Trust; Federated
Institutional Trust; Federated Master Trust; Federated Municipal Trust;
Federated Short-Term Municipal Trust; Federated Short-Term U.S. Government
Trust; Federated Stock Trust; Federated Tax-Free Trust; Federated Total Return
Series, Inc.; Federated U.S. Government Bond Fund; Federated U.S. Government
Securities Fund: 1-3 Years; Federated U.S. Government Securities Fund: 3-5
Years; First Priority Funds; Fixed Income Securities, Inc.; Fortress Adjustable
Rate U.S. Government Fund, Inc.; Fortress Municipal Income Fund, Inc.; Fortress
Utility Fund, Inc.; Fund for U.S. Government Securities, Inc.; Government Income
Securities, Inc.; High Yield Cash Trust; Insurance Management Series;
Intermediate Municipal Trust; International Series, Inc.; Investment Series
Funds, Inc.; Investment Series Trust; Liberty Equity Income Fund, Inc.; Liberty
High Income Bond Fund, Inc.; Liberty Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.; Liberty
U.S. Government Money Market Trust; Liberty Term Trust, Inc. - 1999; Liberty
Utility Fund, Inc.; Liquid Cash Trust; Managed Series Trust; Money Market
Management, Inc.; Money Market Obligations Trust; Money Market Trust; Municipal
Securities Income Trust; Newpoint Funds; 111 Corcoran Funds; Peachtree Funds;
The Planters Funds; RIMCO Monument Funds; The Shawmut Funds; Star Funds; The
Starburst Funds; The Starburst Funds II; Stock and Bond Fund, Inc.; Sunburst
Funds; Targeted Duration Trust; Tax-Free Instruments Trust; Trademark Funds;
Trust for Financial Institutions; Trust For Government Cash Reserves; Trust for
Short-Term U.S. Government Securities; Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations; The
Virtus Funds; and World Investment Series, Inc.
FUND OWNERSHIP
Officers and Directors own less than 1% of the Fund's outstanding Shares.
DIRECTORS COMPENSATION
AGGREGATE
NAME , COMPENSATION
POSITION WITH FROM TOTAL COMPENSATION PAID
CORPORATION CORPORATION *# FROM FUND COMPLEX +
John F. Donahue $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
Chairman and Director 68 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Thomas G. Bigley $ 0 $20,688 for the Corporation and
Director 49 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
John T. Conroy, Jr. $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
William J. Copeland $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
James E. Dowd $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Lawrence D. Ellis, M.D. $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Richard B. Fisher$ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
President and Director 8 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Edward L. Flaherty, Jr. $ 0 $117,202 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Peter E. Madden $ 0 $90,563 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Gregor F. Meyer $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
John E. Murray, Jr. $ 0 $0 for the Corporation and
Director 69 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Wesley W. Posvar $ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
Marjorie P. Smuts$ 0 $106,460 for the Corporation and
Director 64 other investment companies in the Fund Complex
*Information is furnished for the period from January 26, 1994 (organization
date of the Corporation) to November 30, 1994.
#The aggregate compensation is provided for the Corporation which was comprised
of 1 portfolio, as of
November 30, 1994.
+The information is provided for the last calendar year end.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
ADVISER TO THE FUND
The Fund's investment adviser is Federated Global Research Corp. (the
"Adviser"). It is a subsidiary of Federated Investors. All the voting securities
of Federated Investors are owned by a trust, the trustees of which are John F.
Donahue, his wife, and his son, J. Christopher Donahue.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Corporation, the Fund, or any shareholder
of the Fund for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or
sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or
omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or
reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the
Corporation.
ADVISORY FEES
For its advisory services, the Adviser receives an annual investment advisory
fee as described in each prospectus.
STATE EXPENSE LIMITATIONS
The Adviser has undertaken to comply with the expense limitations
established by certain states for investment companies whose shares are
registered for sale in those states. If the Fund's normal operating
expenses (including the investment advisory fee, but not including
brokerage commissions, interest, taxes, and extraordinary expenses) exceed
2-1/2% per year of the first $30 million of average net assets, 2% per year
of the next $70 million of average net assets, and 1-1/2% per year of the
remaining average net assets, the Adviser will reimburse the Fund for its
expenses over the limitation.
If the Fund's monthly projected operating expenses exceed this limitation,
the investment advisory fee paid will be reduced by the amount of the
excess, subject to an annual adjustment. If the expense limitation is
exceeded, the amount to be reimbursed by the Adviser will be limited, in
any single fiscal year, by the amount of the investment advisory fee.
This arrangement is not part of the advisory contract and may be amended or
rescinded in the future.
OTHER RELATED SERVICES
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic
equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the
purchase of shares of funds offered by Federated Securities Corp.
OTHER SERVICES
FUND ADMINISTRATION
Federated Administrative Services, a subsidiary of Federated Investors, provides
administrative personnel and services to the Fund for a fee as described in each
prospectus. Dr. Henry J. Gailliot, an officer of Federated Global Research
Corp., the Adviser to the Fund, holds approximately 20% of the outstanding
common stock and serves as a director of Commercial Data Services, Inc., a
company which provides computer processing services to Federated Administrative
Services.
CUSTODIAN
State Street Bank and Trust Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-
8600, is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund. Foreign instruments
purchased by the Fund are held by foreign banks participating in a network
coordinated by State Street Bank.
TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT
Federated Services Company, P.O. Box 8600, Boston, Massachusetts 02266-8600,
is transfer agent for the Shares of the Fund, and dividend disbursing agent for
the Fund. The fee paid to the transfer agent is based upon the size, type, and
number of accounts and transactions made by shareholders.
Federated Services Company also maintains the Fund's accounting records. The
fee paid for this service is based upon the level of the Fund's average net
assets for the period plus out-of-pocket expenses.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The independent auditors for the Fund are Ernst & Young LLP, One Oxford Centre,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The Adviser may select brokers and dealers who offer brokerage and research
services. These services may be furnished directly to the Fund or to the Adviser
and may include:
o advice as to the advisability of investing in securities;
o security analysis and reports;
o economic studies;
o industry studies;
o receipt of quotations for portfolio evaluations; and
o similar services.
The Adviser and its affiliates exercise reasonable business judgment in
selecting brokers who offer brokerage and research services to execute
securities transactions. They determine in good faith that commissions charged
by such persons are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research services provided.
Research services provided by brokers may be used by the Adviser or by
affiliates of Federated Investors in advising other accounts. To the extent that
receipt of these services may supplant services for which the Adviser or its
affiliates might otherwise have paid, it would tend to reduce their expenses.
Although investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of
the other accounts managed by the Adviser, investments of the type the Fund may
make may also be made by those other accounts. When the Fund and one or more
other accounts managed by the Adviser are prepared to invest in, or desire to
dispose of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales
will be allocated in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable to each.
In some cases, this procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by
the Fund or the size of the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. In
other cases, however, it is believed that coordination and the ability to
participate in volume transactions will be to the benefit of the Fund.
The Adviser may engage in other non-U.S. transactions that may have adverse
effects on the market for securities in the Fund's portfolio. The Adviser is
not obligated to obtain any material non-public ("inside") information about any
securities issuer, or to base purchase or sale recommendations on such
information.
PURCHASING SHARES
Except under certain circumstances described in each prospectus, Shares are sold
at their net asset value (plus a sales load on Class A Shares only) on days the
New York Stock Exchange is open for business. The procedure for purchasing
Shares is explained in each prospectus under "How To Purchase Shares."
DISTRIBUTION PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES AGREEMENT
These arrangements permit the payment of fees to financial institutions, the
distributor, and Federated Shareholder Services as appropriate, to stimulate
distribution activities and to cause services to be provided to shareholders by
a representative who has knowledge of the shareholder's particular circumstances
and goals. These activities and services may include, but are not limited to,
marketing efforts; providing office space, equipment, telephone facilities, and
various clerical, supervisory, computer, and other personnel as necessary or
beneficial to establish and maintain shareholder accounts and records;
processing purchase and redemption transactions and automatic investments of
client account cash balances; answering routine client inquiries; and assisting
clients in changing dividend options, account designations, and addresses.
By adopting the Distribution Plan, the Directors expect that the Class A Shares,
Class B Shares, and Class C Shares of the Fund will be able to achieve a more
predictable flow of cash for investment purposes and to meet redemptions. This
will facilitate more efficient portfolio management and assist the Fund in
pursuing its investment objectives. By identifying potential investors whose
needs are served by the Fund's objectives, and properly servicing these
accounts, it may be possible to curb sharp fluctuations in rates of redemptions
and sales.
Other benefits, which may be realized under either arrangement, may include: (1)
providing personal services to shareholders; (2) investing shareholder assets
with a minimum of delay and administrative detail; (3) enhancing shareholder
recordkeeping systems; and (4) responding promptly to shareholders' requests and
inquiries concerning their accounts.
CONVERSION TO FEDERAL FUNDS
It is the Fund's policy to be as fully invested as possible so that maximum
interest may be earned. To this end, all payments from shareholders must be in
federal funds or be converted into federal funds before shareholders begin to
earn dividends. Federated Services Company acts as the shareholder's agent in
depositing checks and converting them to federal funds.
PURCHASES BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES, DIRECTORS, AND EMPLOYEES OF THE FUND
Directors, employees, and sales representatives of the Fund, Federated Global
Research Corp., and Federated Securities Corp. or their affiliates, or any
investment dealer who has a sales agreement with Federated Securities Corp. and
their spouses and children under 21, may buy Class A Shares at net asset value
without a sales load. Shares may also be sold without a sales load to trusts or
pension or profit-sharing plans for these people.
These sales are made with the purchaser's written assurance that the purchase is
for investment purposes and that the securities will not be resold except
through redemption by the Fund.
DETERMINING NET ASSET VALUE
Net asset value generally changes each day. The days on which net asset value is
calculated by the Fund are described in each prospectus.
DETERMINING MARKET VALUE OF SECURITIES
Market values of the Fund's portfolio securities, other than options, are
determined as follows:
o for equity securities, according to the last sale price in the market in
which they are primarily traded (either a national securities exchange or
the over-the-counter market), if available;
o in the absence of recorded sales for equity securities, according to the
mean between the last closing bid and asked prices;
o for bonds and other fixed income securities, as determined by an
independent pricing service;
o for short-term obligations, according to the prices as furnished by an
independent pricing service, except that short-term obligations with
remaining maturities of less than 60 days at the time of purchase may be
valued at amortized cost; and
o for all other securities, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Directors.
Prices provided by independent pricing services may be determined without
relying exclusively on quoted prices and may consider: insititutional trading in
similar groups of securities, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of
issue, trading characteristics, and other market data.
The Fund will value futures contracts and options at their market values
established by the exchanges on which they are traded at the close of trading on
such exchanges unless the Directors determine in good faith that another method
of valuing such investments is necessary.
TRADING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES
Trading in foreign securities may be completed at times which vary from the
closing of the New York Stock Exchange. In computing the net asset value, the
Fund values foreign securities at the latest closing price on the exchange on
which they are traded immediately prior to the closing of the New York Stock
Exchange. Certain foreign currency exchange rates may also be determined at the
latest rate prior to the closing of the New York Stock Exchange. Foreign
securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at
current rates. Occasionally, events that affect these values and exchange rates
may occur between the times at which they are determined and the closing of the
New York Stock Exchange. If such events materially affect the value of
portfolio securities, these securities may be valued at their fair value as
determined in good faith by the Directors, although the actual calculation may
be done by others.
REDEEMING SHARES
The Fund redeems Shares at the next computed net asset value, less any
applicable contingent deferred sales charge, after the Fund receives the
redemption request. Redemption procedures are explained in each prospectus under
"How To Redeem Shares." Although the transfer agent does not charge for
telephone redemptions, it reserves the right to charge a fee for the cost of
wire-transferred redemptions of less than $5,000.
Class B Shares redeemed within six years of purchase and Class C Shares and
applicable Class A Shares redeemed within one year of purchase may be subject to
a contingent deferred sales charge. The amount of the contingent deferred sales
charge is based upon the amount of the administrative fee paid at the time of
purchase by the distributor to the financial institution for services rendered,
and the length of time the investor remains a shareholder in the Fund. Should
financial institutions elect to receive an amount less than the administrative
fee that is stated in the prospectus for servicing a particular shareholder, the
contingent deferred sales charge and/or holding period for that particular
shareholder will be reduced accordingly.
Since portfolio securities of the Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges which
trade on Saturdays or on holidays on which the Fund will not make redemptions,
the net asset value of each class of Shares of the Fund may be significantly
affected on days when shareholders do not have an opportunity to redeem their
Shares.
REDEMPTION IN KIND
Although the Corporation intends to redeem Shares in cash, it reserves the right
under certain circumstances to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a
distribution of securities from the respective Fund's portfolio. To the extent
available, such securities will be readily marketable.
The Corporation has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 of the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, under which the Corporation is obligated to
redeem Shares for any one shareholder in cash only up to the lesser of $250,000
or 1% of the respective class's net asset value during any 90-day period.
Any redemption beyond this amount will also be in cash unless the Directors
determine that payment should be in kind. In such a case, the Fund will pay all
or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio instruments, valued
in the same way as the Fund determines net asset value. The portfolio
instruments will be selected in a manner that the Directors deem fair and
equitable.
Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. If redemption is made
in kind, shareholders receiving their securities and selling them before their
maturity could receive less than the redemption value of their securities and
could incur certain transaction costs.
TAX STATUS
THE FUND'S TAX STATUS
The Fund will pay no federal income tax because it expects to meet the
requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,
applicable to regulated investment companies and to receive the special tax
treatment afforded to such companies. To qualify for this treatment, the Fund
must, among other requirements:
o derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, and gains
from the sale of securities;
o derive less than 30% of its gross income from the sale of securities held
less than three months;
o invest in securities within certain statutory limits; and
o distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its net income earned during
the year.
However, the Fund may invest in the stock of certain foreign corporations which
would constitute a Passive Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"). Federal income
taxes may be imposed on the Fund upon disposition of PFIC investments.
FOREIGN TAXES
Investment income on certain foreign securities in which the Fund may invest may
be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes that could reduce the return on
these securities. Tax treaties between the United States and foreign countries,
however, may reduce or eliminate the amount of foreign taxes to which the Fund
would be subject.
SHAREHOLDERS' TAX STATUS
Shareholders are subject to federal income tax on dividends and capital gains
received as cash or additional Shares. The Fund's dividends, and any short-term
capital gains, are taxable as ordinary income.
CAPITAL GAINS
Shareholders will pay federal tax at capital gains rates on long-term
capital gains distributed to them regardless of how long they have held the
Fund Shares.
TOTAL RETURN
The average annual total return for each class of Shares of the Fund is the
average compounded rate of return for a given period that would equate a $1,000
initial investment to the ending redeemable value of that investment. The ending
redeemable value is computed by multiplying the number of Shares owned at the
end of the period by the net asset value per share at the end of the period. The
number of Shares owned at the end of the period is based on the number of Shares
purchased at the beginning of the period with $1,000, less any applicable sales
load, adjusted over the period by any additional Shares, assuming the annual
reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge is deducted from the ending
value of the investment based on the lesser of the original purchase price or
the net asset value of Shares redeemed.
YIELD
The yield for each class of Shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the net
investment income per share (as defined by the Securities and Exchange
Commission) earned by any class of Shares over a thirty-day period by the
maximum offering price per share of the respective class on the last day of the
period. This value is annualized using semi-annual compounding. This means that
the amount of income generated during the thirty-day period is assumed to be
generated each month over a 12-month period and is reinvested every six months.
The yield does not necessarily reflect income actually earned by the Fund
because of certain adjustments required by the Securities and Exchange
Commission and, therefore, may not correlate to the dividends or other
distributions paid to the shareholders.
To the extent that financial institutions and broker/dealers charge fees in
connection with services provided in conjunction with an investment in any class
of Shares, the performance will be reduced for those shareholders paying those
fees.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS
The performance of each of the classes of Shares depends upon such variables as:
o portfolio quality;
o average portfolio maturity;
o type of instruments in which the portfolio is invested;
o changes in interest rates and market value of portfolio securities;
o changes in the Fund's or any class of Shares' expenses; and
o various other factors.
The Fund's performance fluctuates on a daily basis largely because net earnings
and offering price per Share fluctuate daily. Both net earnings and offering
price per Share are factors in the computation of yield and total return.
Investors may use financial publications and/or indices to obtain a more
complete view of the Fund's performance. When comparing performance, investors
should consider all relevant factors such as the composition of any index used,
prevailing market conditions, portfolio compositions of other funds, and methods
used to value portfolio securities and compute offering price. The financial
publications and/or indices which the Fund uses in advertising may include:
o STANDARD & POOR'S DAILY STOCK PRICE INDEX OF 500 COMMON STOCKS (S&P 500), a
composite index of common stocks in industry, transportation, and financial
and public utility companies, can be used to compare to the total returns
of funds whose portfolios are invested primarily in common stocks. In
addition, the S & P 500 assumes reinvestments of all dividends paid by
stocks listed on its index. Taxes due on any of these distributions are not
included, nor are brokerage or other fees calculated in the Standard &
Poor's figures.
o LIPPER ANALYTICAL SERVICES, INC., ranks funds in various fund categories by
making comparative calculations using total return. Total return assumes
the reinvestment of all capital gains distributions and income dividends
and takes into account any change in net asset value over a specified
period of time. From time to time, the Fund will quote its Lipper ranking
in the "latin american region funds" category in advertising and sales
literature.
o MORGAN STANLEY CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL WORLD INDICES, including, among
others, the Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australia, Far
East Index ("EAFE Index"). The EAFE Index is an unmanaged index of more
than 1,000 companies of Europe, Australia, and the Far East.
o MORGAN STANLEY CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL LATIN AMERICA EMERGING MARKET INDICES,
including the Morgan Stanley Emerging Markets Free Latin America Index
(which excludes Mexican banks and securities companies which cannot be
purchased by foreigners) and the Morgan Stanley Emerging Markets Global
Latin America Index. Both indices include 60% of the market capitalization
of the following countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. The
indices are weighted by market capitalization and are calculated without
dividends reinvested.
o IBBOTSON ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONAL BOND INDEX, which provides a detailed
breakdown of local market and currency returns since 1960.
o BEAR STEARNS FOREIGN BOND INDEX, which provides simple average returns for
individual countries and GNP-weighted index, beginning in 1975. The
returns are broken down by local market and currency.
o MORNINGSTAR, INC. , an independent rating service, is the publisher of the
bi-weekly Mutual Fund Values. Mutual Fund Values rates more than 1,000
NASDAQ-listed mutual funds of all types, according to their risk-adjusted
returns. The maximum rating is five stars, and ratings are effective for
two weeks.
From time to time, the Fund may quote information including but not limited to
data regarding: individual countries, regions, world stock exchanges, and
economic and demographic statistics from sources deemed reliable.
Advertisements and other sales literature for any class of Shares may quote
total returns which are calculated on non-standardized base periods. These total
returns also represent the historic change in the value of an investment in any
class of Shares based on annual reinvestment of dividends over a specified
period of time.
From time to time as it deems appropriate, the Fund may advertise the
performance of any class of Shares using charts, graphs, and descriptions,
compared to federally insured bank products including certificates of deposit
and time deposits and to money market funds using the Lipper Analytical Services
money market instruments average. In addition, advertising and sales literature
for the Fund may use charts and graphs to illustrate the principles of dollar-
cost averaging and may disclose the amount of dividends paid by the Fund over
certain periods of time.
Advertisements may quote performance information which does not reflect the
effect of the sales load on Class A Shares.
ABOUT FEDERATED INVESTORS
Federated Investors is dedicated to meeting investor needs which is reflected
in its investment decision making-structured, straightforward, and consistent.
This has resulted in a history of competitive performance with a range of
competitive investment products that have gained the confidence of thousands of
clients and their customers.
The company's disciplined security selection process is firmly rooted in sound
methodologies backed by fundamental and technical research. Investment
decisions are made and executed by teams of portfolio managers, analysts, and
traders dedicated to specific market sectors.
In the equity sector, Federated Investors has more than 25 years' experience.
As of December 31, 1994, Federated managed 15 equity funds totaling
approximately $4 billion in assets across growth, value, equity income,
international, index and sector (i.e. utility) styles. Federated's value-
oriented management style combines quantitative and qualitative analysis and
features a structured, computer-assisted composite modeling system that was
developed in the 1970s.
J. Thomas Madden, Executive Vice President, oversees Federated Investors' equity
and high yield corporate bond management while William D. Dawson, Executive Vice
President, oversees Federated Investors' domestic fixed income management.
Henry A. Frantzen, Executive Vice President, oversees the management of
Federated Investors' international portfolios.
MUTUAL FUND MARKET
Twenty-seven percent of American households are pursuing their financial goals
through mutual funds. These investors, as well as businesses and institutions,
have entrusted over $2 trillion to the more than 5,500 funds available.*
Federated Investors, through its subsidiaries, distributes mutual funds for a
variety of investment applications. Specific markets include:
INSTITUTIONAL CLIENTS
Federated Investors meets the needs of more than 4,000 institutional clients
nationwide by managing and servicing separate accounts and mutual funds for a
variety of applications, including defined benefit and defined contribution
programs, cash management, and asset/liability management. Institutional
clients include corporations, pension funds, tax-exempt entities,
foundations/endowments, insurance companies, and investment and financial
advisors. The marketing effort to these institutional clients is headed by
John B. Fisher, President, Institutional Sales Division.
TRUST ORGANIZATIONS
Other institutional clients include close relationships with more than 1,500
banks and trust organizations. Virtually all of the trust divisions of the top
100 bank holding companies use Federated funds in their clients' portfolios.
The marketing effort to trust clients is headed by Mark R. Gensheimer, Executive
Vice President, Bank Marketing & Sales.
BROKER/DEALERS AND BANK BROKER/DEALER SUBSIDIARIES
Federated funds are available to consumers through major brokerage firms
nationwide--including 200 New York Stock Exchange firms--supported by more
wholesalers than any other mutual fund distributor. The marketing effort to
these firms is headed by James F. Getz, President, Broker/Dealer Division.
*source: Investment Company Institute
APPENDIX
STANDARD AND POOR'S RATINGS GROUP LONG TERM DEBT RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's Ratings
Group. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA--Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
and differs from the higher rated issues only in small degree.
A--Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB--Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest
and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for
debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
BB--Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other
speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure
to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to
inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB
rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied BBB- rating.
B--Debt rated B has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the
capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business,
financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to
pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt
subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB-
rating.
CCC--Debt rated CCC has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and
is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet
timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the
capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also
used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied
B or B- rating.
CC--The rating CC typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that
is assigned an actual or implied CCC debt rating.
C--The rating C typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which
is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating. The C rating may be used to
cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service
payments are continued.
CI--The rating CI is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being
paid.
D--Debt rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when
interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the
applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's Ratings Group
believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating
also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service
payments are jeopardized.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. LONG TERM BOND RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Bonds which are rated AAA are judged to be of the best quality. They carry
the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt
edged". Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable
margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely
to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
fundamentally strong position of such issues.
AA--Bonds which are rated AA are judged to be of high quality by all standards.
Together with the AAA group, they comprise what are generally known as high
grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in AAA securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in AAA securities.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are
to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which
suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
BAA--Bonds which are rated BAA are considered as medium grade obligations,
(i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments
and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well.
BA--Bonds which are BA are judged to have speculative elements; their future
cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and
principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during
both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes
bonds in this class.
B--Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of
other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
CAA--Bonds which are rated CAA are of poor standing. Such issues may be in
default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or
interest.
CA--Bonds which are rated CA represent obligations which are speculative in a
high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked
shortcomings.
C--Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so
rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any
real investment standing.
FITCH INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. LONG-TERM DEBT RATING DEFINITIONS
AAA--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality.
The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay
principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The
obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although
not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA
categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments,
short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
A--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The
obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be
strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and
circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
BBB--Bonds considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality.
The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be
adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are
more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore, impair timely
payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below
investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.
BB--Bonds are considered speculative. The obligor's ability to pay interest and
repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However,
business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the
obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B--Bonds are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are
currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely
payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor's limited margin of
safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the
life of the issue.
CCC--Bonds have certain indentifiable characteristics which, if not remedied,
may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous
business and economic environment.
CC--Bonds are minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or
principal seems probable over time.
C--Bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal.
DDD, DD, AND D--Bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments.
Such bonds are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their
ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD
represents the highest potential for recovery on these bonds, and D represents
the lowest potential for recovery.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
PRIME-1--Issuers rated PRIME-1 (or related supporting institutions) have a
superior capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. PRIME-1
repayment capacity will normally be evidenced by the following characteristics:
- - Leading market positions in well established industries.
- - High rates of return on funds employed.
- - Conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample
asset protection.
- - Broad margins in earning coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal
cash generation.
- - Well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of
alternate liquidity.
PRIME-2--Issuers rated PRIME-2 (or related supporting institutions) have a
strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This will
normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser
degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject
to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be
more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
STANDARD AND POOR'S RATINGS GROUP COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
A-1--This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely
payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety
characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.
A-2--Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is
satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for
issues designated A-1.
FITCH INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. COMMERCIAL PAPER RATING DEFINITIONS
FITCH-1--(Highest Grade) Commercial paper assigned this rating is regarded as
having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
FITCH-2--(Very Good Grade) Issues assigned this rating reflect an assurance of
timely payment only slightly less in degree than the strongest issues.