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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
---------------------------------
FORM 10-K
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(X) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
( ) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ....... TO .......
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-24752
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
DELAWARE 13-3477246
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NO.)
480 PLEASANT STREET
LEE, MASSACHUSETTS
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE 01238
OFFICES) (ZIP CODE)
</TABLE>
413-243-1600
(REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Class A Common Stock, $.01 par value
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES X NO __
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of the shares of Common Stock of the registrant
held by non-affiliates as of March 19, 1997 was $27,704,730. (For purposes of
this calculation, the market value of a share of Class B Common Stock was
assumed to be the same as a share of Class A Common Stock, into which it is
convertible.)
As of March 19, 1997, there were 12,143,441 shares of the registrant's
Class A Common Stock and 5,725,469 shares of the registrant's Class B Common
Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement relating to the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be held on May 22, 1997 (to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A
within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this report on
Form 10-K) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
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EXCEPT FOR HISTORICAL INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, THIS FORM 10-K CONTAINS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE U.S. SECURITIES LITIGATION
REFORM ACT OF 1995. THESE STATEMENTS INVOLVE KNOWN AND UNKNOWN RISKS AND
UNCERTAINTIES THAT MAY CAUSE THE COMPANY'S ACTUAL RESULTS OR OUTCOMES TO BE
MATERIALLY DIFFERENT FROM THOSE ANTICIPATED AND DISCUSSED HEREIN. FURTHER, THE
COMPANY OPERATES IN AN INDUSTRY SECTOR WHERE SECURITIES VALUES MAY BE VOLATILE
AND MAY BE INFLUENCED BY REGULATORY AND OTHER FACTORS BEYOND THE COMPANY'S
CONTROL. IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT THE COMPANY BELIEVES MIGHT CAUSE SUCH
DIFFERENCES ARE DISCUSSED IN THE CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS ACCOMPANYING THE
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND IN THE RISK FACTORS DETAILED IN THE COMPANY'S
OTHER FILINGS WITH THE COMMISSION DURING THE PAST 12 MONTHS. IN ASSESSING
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, READERS ARE URGED TO READ CAREFULLY
ALL RISK FACTORS AND CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS CONTAINED IN THIS FORM 10-K AND IN
THOSE OTHER FILINGS WITH THE COMMISSION.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
Wave Systems Corp. ("Wave" or the "Company") is in transition from a
company focused principally on research and development of new technology to a
company focused on the commercialization of its technology through licensing and
product sales. Since its inception in February of 1988, the Company has devoted
substantially all of its efforts and resources to research, feasibility studies,
design, development, and market testing of a system that meters the usage of
electronic content (the "Wave System"). Electronic content refers to any data,
graphic, software, video or audio sequence that can be digitally transmitted.
Concurrent with its research and development activities, the Company has devoted
increased resources to market research, market development and other related
activities.
The Company believes that the market for electronic content is
unnecessarily burdened by inflexible pricing, insecure delivery systems, and
limited information on content usage. For electronic content delivered by
subscription, the customer is generally required to pay up front for access to
all of the content, although actual usage may be for only a small portion of the
content. Distribution systems currently in use that permit consumers to purchase
electronic content on a pay-per-use basis are inefficient, not secure, and
costly. In the case of "on-line" delivery systems, the customer's price for
electronic content generally reflects the operating costs of the on-line
distribution system and also includes on-line "connect time." Existing
distribution systems provide limited data pertaining to usage patterns.
The Company believes that the Wave System can fundamentally change how
electronic content is consumed by providing more efficient and flexible pricing,
greater protection against unauthorized usage, and secure, low-cost, and
accurate data on the usage of the electronic content. The currently operational
Wave System enables the merchandising of electronic content at the point of
purchase, increasing the probability that consumers will sample and consume the
electronic content that they want. The Wave System accurately and securely
records information pertaining to the usage of the electronic content. This
facilitates the payment of royalties to content owners and the customized
distribution of content to customers. The Company is currently attempting to
incorporate persistent encryption technology for executable electronic content
into the Wave System. This would permit consumers to rent or rent-to-own
executable electronic content through the Wave System. There can be no assurance
that persistent software encryption technology will be successfully incorporated
into the Wave System.
The Wave System consists of many uniquely identified distributed processors
(the "WaveMeter"). These devices decrypt content on demand from end users. The
WaveMeter is a proprietary application-specific integrated circuit, mounted on a
printed circuit board, or used as an add-in device in a stand-alone PC. The
WaveMeter allows transactions to occur without the expense of a real-time
network connection for every transaction. The WaveMeter securely stores
electronic funds and information about the usage of electronic content (who,
what, when, where, how much) to be securely transmitted to a central transaction
processing center ("WaveNet"). WaveNet manages encryption and decryption keys,
processes credit and usage charges, automatically obtains credit authorization,
calculates royalty distributions, and can provide user and usage data to
electronic content owners. The Wave System is compatible with existing
electronic content delivery systems such as CD-ROM and the Internet.
The Company has made the Wave System compatible with the distribution of
electronic content on the Internet. In 1996 the Company developed a production
software version of the WaveMeter that offers a subset of the features of the
hardware version of the WaveMeter and has been implemented as part of the
Company's Internet commerce server (the "WaveMeter server"). The WaveMeter
server supports a publishing service called WINPublish and a purchasing function
called WINPurchase. Through WINPublish, an electronic content owner can sell
encrypted content from its site on the Web to purchasers using the WINPurchase
function.
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The Company's strategy is to achieve broad market acceptance of the Wave
System as a standard platform for commerce in electronic content. To achieve
this goal the Company pursues strategic relationships with hardware
manufacturers and companies involved in electronic content commerce, and
promotes the use of the Wave System by electronic content owners, particularly
among developers and distributors of entertainment and educational software. The
compatibility with the Web provides the foundation for the broad acceptance of
the Wave System. The Company views the acceptance by developers, distributors
and consumers of entertainment and educational software as an important factor
in the development of a broad installed base of WaveMeters. The Company further
believes that once there is a broad installed base of WaveMeters, electronic
content owners from other market segments are likely to be attracted to the Wave
System.
The Company currently has no active subsidiaries. Wave Interactive Network,
Inc. ("WIN") was incorporated as a separate subsidiary of the Company in June
1995 and spun out in November 1995, when shares in the subsidiary were
transferred in exchange for an interest-bearing demand note of $668,000 (the
"Note"). The amount of the Note was based on the level of funding provided in
1995 to WIN by the Company. In this transaction, the Company retained a 1%
ownership in WIN and transferred the remaining ownership to certain individuals,
including former employees (approximately 65% was transferred to Steven Sprague,
President and CEO of WIN, and three other children of Mr. Peter J. Sprague,
Chairman and CEO of the Company). Subject to certain limitations associated with
WIN's ability to raise additional capital, the Note was convertible into an
undiluted 20% of the common shares of WIN at the option of Wave. The Note was
fully reserved as its collectibility was dependent upon WIN's ability to raise
additional capital.
On December 30, 1996 WIN was merged with and into the Company. Pursuant to
the Plan and Agreement of Merger between Wave and WIN, dated as of October 18,
1996 (the "Merger Agreement"), the Company issued to the shareholders of WIN,
other than the Company (the "WIN Shareholders"), a total of 375,000 unregistered
shares of the Company's Class B Common Stock based upon a conversion ratio of
37.88 shares of the Company's Class B Common Stock for each share of common
stock, par value $.01, of WIN held by the WIN Shareholders. Under the Merger
Agreement, the Company also agreed to issue to the WIN Shareholders 325,000
shares of the Company's Class B Common Stock contingent upon the achievement of
a specified operating milestone prior to December 30, 1999. On October 18, 1996,
as part of the merger the Company assumed a debt obligation of WIN owed to a
third party by issuing a fixed rate convertible note in the principal amount of
$455,910.96 due on April 10, 1998.
The Company was incorporated in Delaware under the name Indata Corp. on
August 12, 1988. The Company changed its name to Cryptologics International,
Inc. on December 4, 1989. The Company further changed its name to Wave Systems
Corp. on January 22, 1993. The Company's principal executive offices are located
at 480 Pleasant Street, Lee, Massachusetts 01238 and the telephone number of the
Company is (413) 243-1600.
The Company is a development stage company and has realized minimal
operating revenues since its inception. At December 31, 1996, the Company had an
accumulated deficit of approximately $31.4 million. There can be no assurance
that the Company will be successful in achieving commercial acceptance of the
Wave System.
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THE WAVE SYSTEM
The Wave System is designed to create new revenue streams for owners of
electronic content by improving upon existing distribution systems for
electronic content. Using existing distribution systems such as CD-ROM and the
Internet, electronic content owners distribute their products to customers in
segmented and encrypted ("Wave-enabled") form so it can be offered for sale
through the Wave System. Customers are then able to purchase and decrypt the
electronic content on an as-needed basis. The Company believes that the Wave
System allows electronic content owners to deliver their products to a larger
market because the efficient and secure metering technology facilitates greater
flexibility in content distribution and pricing. The Company believes that
greater flexibility in electronic distribution and pricing makes the Wave System
particularly attractive to developers, distributors and consumers of
entertainment and educational software.
The Wave System consists of the WaveMeter, a subsystem that records and
communicates the usage of electronic content, and WaveNet, a central transaction
processing network. The WaveMeter controls and monitors the customer's access to
encrypted electronic information and software. Because the Wave System uses
asynchronous communication, it is well suited to low-cost processing of micro,
rental and rent-to-own transactions. The Company is currently attempting to
incorporate the rental and rent-to-own functionality into the Wave System.
Transactions are executed locally against a source of funds stored in the
WaveMeter. The WaveMeter retains pricing and tax information, downloaded from
WaveNet, for use in the execution of these transactions. Transactions are
securely stored in the usage log of the WaveMeter for eventual reporting to
WaveNet. The WaveMeters and WaveNet communicate using Wave's proprietary secure
communications protocol.
WaveNet is composed of the WaveNet Transaction Processing System ("TXP")
and the WaveNet Information Clearing House ("ICH"). TXP acts as the principal
interface with the WaveMeter and accumulates data pertaining to the consumer's
usage. ICH provides interfaces to the Wave System for partners, such as
third-party distributors of WaveMeters and electronic content owners. It
contains the WaveNet security server, which manages all the encryption and
decryption keys. ICH also does all the back-end processing of usage information
from the WaveMeter, calculating royalties, producing billing services, and
ensuring that all content owners are properly compensated. WaveNet is presently
in operation.
The WaveMeter is installed into the customer's stand-alone PC. It is based
on a semiconductor device that uses proprietary integrated circuit technology to
store decryption keys, credit information, and usage data. Presently, the
WaveMeter is packaged on a half-size ISA board with a battery and a clock and
can be installed in the ISA slot of a PC. In 1996 the Company also developed a
production software version of the WaveMeter which has been implemented as a
component of the WaveMeter server. The WaveMeter server is currently used to
facilitate WINPublish and WINPurchase transactions on the Web. The use of the
software version of the WaveMeter is compatible with the use of the hardware
version of the WaveMeter.
The Company believes that the hardware version of the WaveMeter is the most
secure form of metering technology available today. Tampering with the WaveMeter
is easily detected by both the WaveMeter and WaveNet. The keys are loaded at the
time of manufacture and are unique and specific to each WaveMeter. Every piece
of electronic content is protected using a unique key. The value of breaking an
individual WaveMeter to ascertain the keys is low since the keys have no
system-wide use.
Wave supplies the tools that developers need to build and successfully
supply applications to end users. Electronic content must be Wave-enabled to be
available to end users on the Wave System. A data preparation tool kit
structures data packages, which are individual elements of electronic content
that are uniquely identified, encrypted, priced and formatted to use within the
Wave System. Once Wave-enabled, each data package can be delivered to the end
user in many electronic forms. Currently, the two primary mechanisms of delivery
of electronic content to the end user are the Internet and CD-ROM. The Wave
System, however, will work with point-to-multi-point data broadcasting via
satellite or FM sideband, magnetic media, cable modem, DVD and broadband.
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MARKETS AND BUSINESS STRATEGY
The Company's long-term strategy is to achieve broad market acceptance of
the Wave System as a platform for commerce in electronic content. To achieve
this goal the Company pursues strategic relationships with hardware
manufacturers and companies involved in the development of commerce in
electronic content. In addition, the Company believes that, since the Wave
System permits greater flexibility in pricing and distribution of electronic
content, it is particularly well-suited for merchandising entertainment and
educational software. Therefore the Company is vigorously targeting this market
segment as a means of rapidly achieving the broad installed base of WaveMeters
and acceptance of the Wave System. The Company believes that once there is a
broad installed base of WaveMeters, electronic content owners from other market
segments are likely to be attracted to the Wave System.
The Company has focused on forming agreements with strategic partners that
will help the Company promote the broad-based acceptance of the Wave System as a
platform for commerce in electronic content. One such relationship was announced
in November 1996 when Wave and Creative Technologies, Ltd. ("Creative") executed
a memorandum of understanding to incorporate the WaveMeter into some of
Creative's existing and future product lines.
Wave has also focused on pursuing strategic relationships with companies
seeking to distribute electronic content via the Internet. The compatibility of
the Wave System with the Web has provided the Company with a product that has
already attracted the attention of leaders in the development of electronic
commerce solutions and particularly commerce in electronic content. Wave has
executed a letter of intent with EarthLink Network, Inc. to jointly promote the
Wave System. Wave has also entered into a letter of intent with IBM to work on
the interoperability between the WaveMeter and Cryptolope(R), a document
security system technology built by IBM infoMarket(R) Service. Wave will
continue to focus on developing other strategic relationships to achieve the
broad acceptance of the Wave System as a platform for electronic commerce.
As part of Wave's goal to achieve broad acceptance of the Wave System as a
platform for commerce in electronic content, the Company has made the Wave
System available to users of the Web through the WaveMeter server. The WaveMeter
server currently supports both WINPublish, a publishing service, and
WINPurchase, the purchasing component. WINPublish provides an easy-to-use system
so that anyone can publish electronic content on a Web site and offer it for
sale. Since its inception, WINPublish has registered over 400 publishers.
WINPurchase permits consumers to purchase electronic content that has been
published through WINPublish. WINPublish and WINPurchase transactions may be
executed using the WaveMeter server without the need to install a WaveMeter at
the consumer's site. WINPublish and WINPurchase, however, are fully compatible
with the use of the hardware version of the WaveMeter. The operation of the
WaveMeter server demonstrates the viability of the Wave System and therefore
enhances the ability of Wave to market the Wave System to the leading electronic
content distributors on the Web by offering them a standard platform for
commerce in electronic content that is designed to be compatible with the
Internet, CD-ROM and developing distribution media such as broadband.
Wave has focused on promoting the acceptance of the Wave System by
electronic content owners. The initial target market is entertainment and
educational software developers and distributors. Wave believes that if it is
able to incorporate the rental or rent-to-own functionality into the Wave
System, that the Wave System will provide the home consumer with a new way of
acquiring interactive content and can offer electronic content developers and
distributors benefits similar to those provided by video rental in the film
industry. The Company has invested heavily in developing relationships with
major entertainment and educational software providers and approximately 20 of
such companies have executed content provider agreements and have expressed
their intention to distribute titles using the Wave System. No assurance can be
given that any or all of these companies will be successful in developing or
marketing products that apply the Wave System technology or that are
Wave-enabled.
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COMPETITION
The Company operates in a highly competitive and fragmented environment
that is characterized by rapidly evolving technology. Many of the Company's
competitors and potential competitors have substantially greater financial and
technical resources than the Company. Also, many current and potential
competitors have greater name recognition and more extensive customer bases that
could be leveraged, thereby gaining market share or product acceptance to the
Company's detriment. The Wave System competes with conventional information
delivery systems, such as on-line services, subscription services on CD-ROM, and
services on the Internet. However, the Company believes that its metering
capability is competitive with other electronic content delivery systems in a
number of applications due to its superior protection against unauthorized
usage, accurate and detailed information on content usage, and transparent
operation. Further, provided that the Company is successful in incorporating the
rental and rent-to-own functionality into the Wave System, the Company believes
that it will be competitive with existing distribution systems, including
traditional retail outlets for entertainment and educational software, due to
its ability to offer these innovative merchandising mechanisms.
The Company is aware of other metering systems which compete directly with
Wave, and other current and evolving technologies that provide some of the
functionality of the Wave System. There are other companies that have developed
or are in the process of developing technologies that are, or in the future may
be, the basis for competitive products in the field of electronic content
distribution. Some of those technologies may have an entirely different approach
or means of accomplishing the desired effects of the products being developed by
the Company. There can be no assurance that either existing or new competitors
will not develop products that are superior to or that otherwise achieve greater
market acceptance than the Company's products.
The Wave System is subject to competition from producers of hardware-based
controllers such as dongles and software unlocking systems. The Company will
compete with well-established producers of dongle-based software unlocking
systems such as Rainbow Technologies, Inc. The Company also competes with
developers of software unlocking systems such as Portland Software. The Company
believes that the Wave System is superior to existing hardware-based and
software unlocking systems in several ways. These systems control the use of
electronic content but are very limited in their ability to measure and record
usage information. The Company believes that the Wave System offers superior
protection from unauthorized usage, low operating costs (because it does not
require constant communication with and authorization from a centralized
processor), and fast operation that is convenient and essentially transparent to
the end user. Both hardware controllers and software unlocking systems offer
only part of the functionality of the Wave System. Distinct from the existing
software unlocking systems, WaveNet provides centralized back-office support to
owners of electronic content.
Many large information industry players are forming alliances and
attempting to capitalize on the information delivery options offered by the
Internet. In electronic content delivery via the Internet, the Wave System
competes with electronic commerce payment technologies developed and offered by
IBM infoMarket(R) Service, Broadvision Inc., Connect, Inc., CyberCash, Inc.,
DigiCash and Open Market, Inc. However, the Company believes that many of the
electronic commerce payment technologies may be used as acceptable currency
through the Wave System and may be complementary to, rather than competitive
with, the Wave System. The Company is also aware of other companies, such as
TestDrive Corporation, Release Software Corporation and IBM Cryptolope(R), that
provide electronic content encryption functionality for transmission of
electronic content over the Internet. The Company believes that the Wave System
is superior to currently available electronic content encryption technologies
due to the high level of security and usage reporting capabilities of the
WaveMeter.
The Company believes that the interoperability of the Wave System with
currently available and developing distribution media makes the Wave System
attractive to both distributors and consumers of electronic content. A consumer
with an installed WaveMeter will be able to purchase Wave-enabled content from
sources on CD-ROM and/or the Internet, as well as from sources distributing
electronic content on other developing media such as broadband. In addition,
with the incorporation of the rental and rent-to-own
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functionality, the Wave System will offer greater merchandising flexibility than
is possible using currently available electronic commerce solutions. There can
be no assurance that the Wave System will achieve the broad-based acceptance
necessary to make the system a viable competitor with currently existing and
developing electronic commerce solutions.
INTERNATIONAL MARKET
The Company's technologies are controlled under various United States
export control laws and regulations and will require export licenses for certain
exports outside of the United States and Canada. The Company has received export
licenses from the U.S. Department of Commerce for the sale and export of the
Company's decrypt-only products. The Company is currently preparing to file for
additional licenses under the provisions of the 1996 Executive Order allowing
export of encryption systems providing key escrow capability. There can be no
assurance that such export license will be obtained. There can be no assurance
that the Company will have patent protection or that it will not infringe
patents of third parties in foreign jurisdictions. Because electronic monitoring
and the transmission of audited usage and financial information on end users or
payment instructions may be subject to varying statutory or regulatory controls
in foreign jurisdictions, there can be no assurance that the use of all portions
of the Wave System will be permitted in any particular foreign jurisdiction.
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS AND LICENSES AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Company's success depends, in part, on its ability to enjoy or obtain
protection for its products and technologies under United States and foreign
patent laws, copyright laws and other intellectual property laws, to preserve
its trade secrets and to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of
third parties. There can be no assurance that any issued patent owned or
licensed by the Company affords adequate protection to the Company or will not
be challenged, invalidated, infringed or circumvented. Furthermore, there can be
no assurance that the Company's activities will not infringe patents owned by
others.
In addition, the Company may be required to obtain licenses to patents or
other proprietary rights of third parties. No assurance can be given that any
licenses required under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made
available on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all. If the Company is
required to and does not obtain such licenses it would be prevented from, or
encounter delays in the development and marketing of, its products and
technologies while it attempted to design around such patents or other rights
and there can be no assurance that such attempts would be successful. Failure to
obtain such licenses or to design around such patents or other rights would have
a material adverse effect on the Company.
The Company holds non-exclusive patent rights relating to the metered use
of encrypted data in local memory under a limited license (the "License
Agreement") from Titan Corporation ("Titan") to a patent (the "Licensed Patent")
jointly held by Titan and a third party. This License Agreement restricts Wave
from metering information produced and used solely by a government entity or
producing products that meter this information. In addition, the License
Agreement is subject to the rights of the joint owner of the Licensed Patent,
who has the right to exploit, or to license to third parties, the Licensed
Patent, including in a manner competitive with the Company. There can be no
assurance that the joint owner of the Licensed Patent will not compete with the
Company or license the Licensed Patent to a competitor of the Company, or that
the Company's business will not exceed the scope of the License Agreement.
Pursuant to the License Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay certain
royalties to Titan. Pursuant to the License Agreement, the Company has granted
to Titan the exclusive right to use the Company's patents for products
distributed to government entities. On February 28, 1997 the Company and Titan
executed an addendum to the License Agreement whereby the Company received a
sole license to the Licensed Patent to develop and distribute products to the
in-home consumer microcomputer market segment. Under this addendum to the
License Agreement, Titan waived any and all defaults by Wave under the License
Agreement occurring prior to February 28, 1997.
The Company is aware of four United States patents (the "Third Party
Patents") each having some claims that are similar to some of the claims in the
Licensed Patent. Based upon information currently known to the Company, some of
the claims of both the Licensed Patent and the Third Party Patents cover certain
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material aspects of the Company's technology. Therefore, the commercialization
of the Company's technology would be subject to the rights of the holder of the
Third Party Patents unless the Company is able to invalidate or license such
claims. Also, the holder of the Third Party Patents or a licensee of the Third
Party Patents could seek to invalidate such claims of the Licensed Patent and
therefore be able to commercialize a technology similar to the Company's
technology. In either case, in order to invalidate the other party's patent
rights, the party claiming invalidity might need to prove that it invented the
claimed subject matter prior to the other party. There can be no assurance that
the Company would be successful in invalidating such claims of the Third Party
Patents or that the holder of the Third Party Patents or a licensee of the Third
Party Patents would not be successful in invalidating such claims of the
Licensed Patent. There also can be no assurance that the Third Party Patents
could be proven to be invalid on any other basis. Any proceeding involving the
validity of the Licensed Patent and the Third Party Patents would be protracted
and costly. In any suit contesting the validity of a patent, the patent being
contested would be entitled to a presumption of validity and the contesting
party would be required to demonstrate invalidity of such patent by clear and
convincing evidence.
If the Third Party Patents are not invalid insofar as their claims relate
to the Company's technology, then the Company would require a license from the
holder of the Third Party Patents to commercialize its technology and make, use,
or sell products or practice methods, or license others to sell products or use
methods, utilizing the technology in the United States. Due to the uncertainty
as to whether the Third Party Patents could be proved to be invalid, the Company
has engaged in preliminary negotiations with the holder of the Third Party
Patents to obtain a license under the Third Party Patents. The negotiations have
so far not produced any agreement and there can be no assurance that a license
will be obtainable on acceptable terms, if at all. The inability to obtain a
license, if needed, on commercially reasonable terms would have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business and its future operations.
The Company has acquired patent rights to the metered use of encrypted
serial data streams under a United States patent and a corresponding patent
application in the European Patent Office (together, the "Wave Patents"), which
are material to protecting certain of the Company's technology. The Company's
rights to the Wave Patent derive from a license, amended and restated in
February 1994, from Mr. Peter J. Sprague, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
of the Company, of his rights in the Wave Patents (the "Amended License
Agreement"), and several agreements with former officers of the Company
regarding their rights in the Wave Patents. The Amended License Agreement
provides for royalty payments to be made to Mr. Peter J. Sprague and Mr. John R.
Michener, a former officer of the Company, in the aggregate amount of two
percent of gross revenues less certain adjustments as defined in the Amended
License Agreement. The royalty payment is to be apportioned 75 percent to Mr.
Peter J. Sprague and 25 percent to Mr. John R. Michener. Payment of royalties is
secured by a security interest in and to the Wave Patents. The Company believes
that the agreements as a whole provide it with exclusive rights under the Wave
Patents. There can be no assurance that the Company will enjoy exclusive rights
to the Wave Patents under such agreements.
On January 26, 1996, the Company received notice from E-Data Corporation
(formerly Interactive Gift Express, Inc.), claiming that the Company's practice
of its technology infringes U.S. and foreign patents owned by E-Data
Corporation, and offering to license such patents to the Company. The Company is
currently obtaining information needed to investigate the merits of this claim.
The Company believes that there is a viable argument for non-infringement. The
patents owned by E-Data Corporation are currently being litigated by third
parties. The Company is not involved in these proceedings.
The Company relies on trade secrets and proprietary know-how, which it
protects, in part, by confidentiality agreements with its employees and contract
partners. However, there can be no assurance that the Company's confidentiality
agreements will not be breached or that the Company would have adequate remedies
for any breach. There can be no assurance that the Company's trade secrets will
not otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors.
The Company also relies on copyright to prevent the unauthorized
duplication of its software and hardware products. The Company has and will
continue to protect its software and its copyright interest therein through
agreements with its consultants. The Company also plans to seek protection for
its
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semiconductor integrated circuit designs under mask work laws. Existing
copyright and mask work laws afford only limited protection, particularly in
certain jurisdictions outside the United States where the Company may seek to
market its products and services. There can be no assurance that the copyright
laws or mask work laws will adequately protect the Company's technology.
The Company has registered trademark and service mark registrations with
the United States Patent and Trademark Office for the marks WaveMeter(R) and
WaveNet(R) and intends to apply for additional name and logo marks in the United
States and foreign jurisdictions as appropriate. No assurance can be given that
federal registration of any of these trademarks in the United States will be
granted. The Company has abandoned its prior applications for DataWave,
InfoWave, WaveTrac, and CreditChip.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Wave System incorporates semiconductor, encryption/decryption, software
transaction processing and other technologies in which the Company has made a
substantial investment in research and development. The Company expects that it
will be required to continue to make substantial investments in the design of
the WaveMeter, WaveNet and software interfaces. For the years ended December 31,
1996, 1995 and 1994, the Company expended $3,309,022, $3,324,735 and $1,761,366,
respectively, on research and development activities (which amounts include the
value of stock issued). From its inception in February 1988 through December
1996, the Company expended $12,599,686.
The success of the Wave System depends to a large extent on the Company's
ability to adapt the Wave System for use with various methods for the
distribution of electronic content, the ability of the Wave technology to
interface with various platform environments, and the ability of the Wave System
to work in many application environments. The Company believes that a
significant portion of its future research and development expenditures will be
used to adapt the Wave System accordingly.
The Company will also continue to expend a significant amount of resources
on the development of new iterations of the WaveMeter. The Company believes that
by providing various means of linking the WaveMeter to the customer's computer
or network, the Company will be more likely to achieve broad acceptance of the
Wave System. The Company is currently developing other forms of the WaveMeter to
target other market needs.
Wave is now focusing increased resources on developing the operational
infrastructure of the Company. Greater emphasis is placed on developing internal
production and fulfillment systems and marketing infrastructure to distribute
WaveMeters. The Company will also increase the resources available to WaveNet to
adapt to changing market requirements. The Company plans to expand WaveNet to
handle more end users, to develop interfaces for new kinds of partners, to
implement more sophisticated pricing methodologies and to add greater financial
system flexibility.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 1996, the Company employed 49 full-time employees, 24 of
whom are involved in marketing and administration and 25 of whom are involved in
research and development. The Company believes its employee relations are
satisfactory.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company leases a 9,433 square foot facility for its executive offices
and to house the WaveNet installation, administration, and customer support
operations in Lee, Massachusetts at a monthly rent of $3,025 with a monthly
charge of $1,767 for common costs. The Lee, Massachusetts lease will expire
during July 1998. The Company leases offices in New York, New York, at a monthly
rent of $16,666.67. The lease is scheduled to expire in February 1998. The
Company leases a 6,400 square foot facility in Princeton, New Jersey at a
monthly base rent of $3,733 with a monthly payment for taxes, insurance and
maintenance reimbursements and improvements which currently totals approximately
$1,653 per month. This lease is scheduled to expire during January 2001. The
Company's principal research and development activities are
-9-
<PAGE> 11
conducted at the Princeton facility. The Company leases a 2,730 square foot
facility in San Jose, California for $5,050 per month. The San Jose, California
lease will expire during January 1999.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On November 25, 1994, the Company commenced an action in the Supreme Court
of the State of New York, New York County, captioned Wave Systems Corp. v.
Infosafe Systems, Inc., Thomas H. Lipscomb and RAS Securities Corp. In this
action, the Company alleges that defendants have used technology and business
plans obtained from the Company by defendants Lipscomb or RAS in violation of
confidentiality agreements, and seeks injunctive relief and damages. The Supreme
Court denied defendants' motion to dismiss the complaint. The defendants have
answered and counterclaimed for $20 million in compensatory damages alleging
that, among other things, the Company has conducted a predatory campaign of
tortious interference against the Infosafe Systems, Inc.'s business and
financial relationships, trademarks and employees. In September 1996, the
Company moved for permission to discontinue with prejudice and without costs and
to dismiss several of Infosafe Systems, Inc.'s counterclaims. That motion is
currently under consideration by the Supreme Court.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Not Applicable.
-10-
<PAGE> 12
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
All officers are elected annually at the first meeting of the Board of
Directors following the annual meeting of the stockholders, and are subject to
removal at any time by the Board of Directors.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BUSINESS EXPERIENCE AND PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION OR EMPLOYMENT
NAME AGE DURING THE PAST 5 YEARS; POSITIONS HELD WITH COMPANY
- ------------------------------ --- ------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Assured incremental yield..... -- --
Peter J. Sprague.............. 57 Chairman of the Company since 1988, Chief Executive Officer
of the Company since 1991; Chairman of National
Semiconductor Corporation from 1965 to 1995.
Steven Sprague................ 32 President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company since
May 1996; President of Wave Interactive Network from June
1995 to December 30, 1996; Vice President of Operations of
the Company from April 1994 to June 1995; employee of the
Company in the areas of operations and strategic planning
from November 1992 to April 1994; consultant to the Company
from March 1992 to November 1992; President of Tech Support,
Incorporated (hardware technical support information on CD-
ROM) from June 1992 to November 1992; sole proprietor of SKS
Environmental Sales (manufacturers' representative for water
treatment companies) from June 1991 to November 1992.
James R. Franklin............. 53 Vice President of Product Development of the Company since
February 1996; Vice President of Program Management and
Software Development of Kaye Instruments, Inc. from 1985 to
1995
</TABLE>
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The Company made its initial public offering on August 31, 1994 at a price
to the public of $5.00 per share. The Company's Class A Common Stock trades on
the Nasdaq National Market tier of the The Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol:
WAVX. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and
low closing sales prices per share for the Company's Class A Common Stock as
reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market. There is no established trading market for
the Company's Class B Common Stock.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HIGH LOW
----- -----
<S> <C> <C>
Year Ended December 31, 1996
First Quarter (January 1, 1996-March 31, 1996)............................. $4.44 $2.63
Second Quarter (April 1, 1996-June 30, 1996)............................... 3.81 1.88
Third Quarter (July 1, 1996-September 30, 1996)............................ 2.56 1.19
Fourth Quarter (October 1, 1996-December 31, 1996)......................... 3.53 1.00
Year Ended December 31, 1995
First Quarter (January 1, 1995-March 31, 1995)............................. $3.50 $1.13
Second Quarter (April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995)............................... 4.25 0.88
Third Quarter (July 1, 1995-September 30, 1995)............................ 7.69 3.03
Fourth Quarter (October 1, 1995-December 31, 1995)......................... 4.69 1.69
</TABLE>
As of March 19, 1997, there were approximately 4,000 holders of the
Company's Class A Common Stock. As of such date, there were 105 holders of the
Company's Class B Common Stock.
The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its capital
stock. The Company currently anticipates that it will retain all future
earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of its business and does
not anticipate paying any cash dividends on its Common Stock in the foreseeable
future.
-11-
<PAGE> 13
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
On December 27, 1996 the Company issued 150,000 shares of newly created
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $.01 (the "Series C Preferred
Stock"), at a price of $20 per share, for an aggregate price of $3,000,000. The
Series C Preferred Stock was sold to one accredited investor pursuant to
Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
"Act"). The Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into the Class A Common
Stock at an effective conversion price of the lower of (i) $2.31, or (ii) 80%,
which is subject to adjustment, of the average closing bid price on the Nasdaq
National Market System of the Company's Class A Common Stock for the five (5)
trading days immediately preceding the date that the holders of the Series C
Preferred Stock choose to convert the Series C Preferred Stock into the Class A
Common Stock. In addition to the Series C Preferred Stock, the Company also
issued warrants to purchase a total of 75,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at
an exercise price of $2.54 per share as part of the aforementioned transaction.
On May 29, 1996 the Company issued 350 shares of newly created Series B
Preferred Stock, par value $.01 (the "Series B Preferred Stock"), at a price of
$10,000 per share, for an aggregate price of $3,500,000. The Series B Preferred
Stock was sold to five off-shore investors pursuant to Regulation S promulgated
under the Act. The Series B Preferred Stock was convertible into the Class A
Common Stock at an effective conversion price of the lower of (i) $3.01, or (ii)
85% of the average closing bid price on the Nasdaq National Market System of the
Company's Class A Common Stock for the five (5) trading days immediately
preceding the date that the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock chose to
convert the Series B Preferred Stock into the Class A Common Stock. As of March
17, 1997, all of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock have been converted into
Class A Common Stock.
-12-
<PAGE> 14
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERIOD FROM
FEBRUARY 12,
1988
(INCEPTION)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, THROUGH
------------------------------------------------------------------ DECEMBER 31,
1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1996
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues......................... $ 1,458 $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 1,458
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and
administrative................. 5,560,620 4,080,185 2,432,283 2,251,094 2,367,764 19,453,355
Research and development......... 3,309,022 3,324,735 1,761,366 1,655,386 1,819,233 12,599,686
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
8,869,642 7,404,920 4,193,649 3,906,480 4,186,997 32,053,041
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Net interest and other income
(expense)...................... 184,369 572,054 (77,852) (52,854) 4,359 624,914
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Net loss..................... (8,683,815) (6,832,866) (4,271,501) (3,959,334) (4,182,638) (31,426,669)
Accrued dividends on preferred
stock (including accretion of
assured incremental yield on
Series B and C preferred stock
of 671,565 in 1996)............ 870,579 40,600 39,484 38,467 6,383 995,513
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Net loss to common
stockholders................... $(9,554,394) $(6,873,466) $(4,310,985) $(3,997,801) $(4,189,021) $(32,422,182)
========== ========== ========== ========== ========== ===========
Weighted average number of common
shares outstanding during the
period......................... 14,956,584 13,794,373 10,503,621 8,659,841 6,868,972 8,525,838
Loss per common share............ $ (.64) $ (.50) $ (.41) $ (.46) $ (0.61) $ (3.80)
========== ========== ========== ========== ========== ===========
</TABLE>
BALANCE SHEET DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994 1993 1992
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Working capital (deficiency)..... 3,197,519 5,458,512 12,463,502 (1,453,950) $ 313,968
Total assets..................... 6,237,219 7,754,042 13,766,864 918,303 813,048
Current liabilities.............. 937,163 1,210,778 867,145 1,996,250 358,491
Long-term liabilities............ 465,500 -- -- -- --
Series A Cumulative Redeemable
Preferred Stock................ 432,334 390,534 349,934 310,450 271,983
Series B Preferred Stock......... 195,520 -- -- -- --
Series C Convertible Preferred
Stock.......................... 2,647,742 -- -- -- --
Deficit accumulated during the
development stage.............. (31,426,669) (22,742,854) (15,909,988) (11,638,487) (7,679,153)
Total stockholders' equity
(deficiency)................... 1,558,960 6,152,730 12,549,785 (1,388,397) 182,574
</TABLE>
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
Wave is in transition from a firm focused principally on research and
development of new technology, to a firm focused on the commercialization of its
technology through licensing fees, royalties, and product sales. Since its
inception in February of 1988, the Company has devoted substantially all of its
efforts and resources to research, feasibility studies, design, development, and
market testing of the Wave System. During this period, the Company designed and
successfully developed its proprietary integrated circuit technology,
-13-
<PAGE> 15
WaveMeter, WaveNet and other necessary components of the Wave System. During
1996 the Company also devoted substantial efforts and resources to designing and
developing the technology required to make the
-13.1-
<PAGE> 16
Wave System compatible with the distribution of electronic content on the Web.
Concurrent with its research and development activities, the Company has devoted
increased resources to market development and other related activities. From
inception through December 31, 1996, the Company has realized only minimal
operating revenues, and does not anticipate significant revenues in the near
future. There are numerous risks that could adversely affect the Company's
efforts to achieve profitability.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996 AND 1995
For the year ended December 31, 1996 the Company had only minimal operating
revenues. For the year ended December 31, 1995, the Company had no operating
revenues.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December
31, 1996 were $5,560,620, as compared with $4,080,185 for 1995. The increase in
selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to an
increase in personnel and other related costs associated with the development
and marketing of new applications of the Company's technology.
Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 1996 were
$3,309,022 as compared with $3,324,735 for 1995. The increase in research and
development expenses was primarily attributable to the costs associated with the
design and development of the Company's ASIC, including non-recurring
engineering costs and prototype purchases, the design and development of WaveNet
and the development and implementation of WINPublish and WINPurchase.
Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 1996 was $184,369 as
compared with net interest income of $559,334 for 1995. Interest income of
$194,766 for the year ended December 31, 1996 was attributable to the interest
earned on marketable securities purchased with proceeds from the issuance of
convertible preferred stock of the Company in May of 1996. Interest expense of
$10,397 for the year ended December 31, 1996 was primarily attributable to
accrued interest on the Company's note payable.
Due to the reasons set forth above, the Company's net loss was $8,683,815
for the year ended December 31, 1996, as compared with $6,832,866 for 1995.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 AND 1994
For each of the years ended December 31, 1995 and 1994, the Company had no
operating revenues.
Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 1995 were
$3,324,735 as compared with $1,761,366 for 1994. The increase in research and
development expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in personnel and
other related costs associated with the design and development of the Company's
proprietary integrated circuit technology, including non-recurring engineering
costs and prototype purchases, and the costs associated with the design and
development of WaveNet, and the application of the Wave System technology to
real-time news services, and related enabling technologies.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December
31, 1995 were $4,080,185, as compared with $2,432,283 for 1994. The increase in
selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to an
increase in personnel and other related costs associated with the development
and marketing of new applications of the Company's technology.
Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 1995 was $559,334 as
compared with net interest expense of $77,852 for 1994. Interest income of
$560,875 for the year ended December 31, 1995 was attributable to the interest
earned on the proceeds from the issuance of the Company's Class A Common Stock
in September of 1994. Interest expense of $1,541 for the year ended December 31,
1995 was primarily attributable to short-term working capital loans.
Due to reasons set forth above, the Company's net loss was $6,832,866 for
the year ended December 31, 1995, as compared with $4,271,501 for 1994.
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<PAGE> 17
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flow from
operations since its inception, and, as of December 31, 1996, had a deficit
accumulated during the development stage of $31,426,669. The Company has
financed its operations through December 31, 1996 principally through the
private placement of Class B Common Stock for an aggregate amount of $6,201,931
(before deduction of expenses incurred in connection therewith), the issuance of
$2,873,250 in aggregate principal amount of its 10% Convertible Notes and 15%
Notes (of which $2,098,250 was converted into Class B Common Stock), the sale of
3,728,200 shares of its Class A Common Stock in an initial public offering
raising approximately $15,711,000 after all expenses, and the private placements
of convertible preferred stock for an aggregate amount of $6,500,000 (before
deduction of expenses incurred in connection therewith). In addition, the
Company has attempted to contain costs and reduce cash flow requirements by
using consultants and compensating key employees, consultants, suppliers and
other vendors with Common Stock and options to purchase Common Stock.
At December 31, 1996, the Company had approximately $4,064,000 in cash and
cash equivalents. The Company held no marketable securities at December 31,
1996. At December 31, 1995, the Company had approximately $2,512,000 in cash and
cash equivalents and approximately $3,946,000 in a marketable security. The
decrease in cash, cash equivalents and marketable security is attributable to
the net cash used in operations, partially offset by the issuance of preferred
and common stock of the Company. At December 31, 1996, the Company had working
capital of approximately $3,198,000. The Company expects to incur substantial
additional expenses resulting in significant losses at least through the period
ending December 31, 1997 due to minimal revenues associated with initial market
entry, continued research and development costs as well as increased sales and
marketing expenses associated with market testing and roll-out. On October 19,
1997 the Company's Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock becomes
mandatorily redeemable for a total amount of $450,000 plus accumulated interest.
The Company anticipates that its existing capital resources will be adequate to
satisfy its capital requirements through the second quarter. In order to
continue operations, however, the Company will need to raise additional funds
through public or private financings. The Company has no current commitment to
obtain additional funds and is unable to state the amount or source of such
additional funds.
Significant uncertainty currently exists with respect to the adequacy of
current funds to support the Company's activities. This uncertainty will
continue until a positive cash flow from operations can be achieved.
Additionally, the Company is uncertain as to the availability of financing from
other sources to fund any cash deficiencies. These uncertainties raise doubt
about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
The Company is currently evaluating financing options and may therefore
elect to raise additional capital, from time to time, through equity or debt
financings in order to capitalize on business opportunities and market
conditions and insure the continued development of the Company's technology,
products and services.
The Company presently has no material commitments for capital expenditures.
As of December 31, 1996, the Company had available net operating loss
carryforwards for Federal income tax purposes of approximately $27,509,000.
Because of the "change in ownership" provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1986,
the Company's net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to an annual
limitation on the utilization of these carryforwards against taxable income in
future periods if a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50 percent of
the Company occurs within any three-year period. The Company has made no
determination concerning whether there has been such a cumulative change in
ownership. However, the Company believes that it is likely that such a change in
ownership occurred prior to or following the completion of its initial public
offering.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto, and the
independent auditors' report thereon are presented beginning at page F-1 of this
Form 10-K and are hereby incorporated by reference into this Item 8.
-15-
<PAGE> 18
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL
Disclosure
Not Applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The information set forth under the captions "1. ELECTION OF DIRECTORS" and
"Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" to be included in the
Company's definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be held on May 22, 1997, and to be filed pursuant to Regulation
14A within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this report on
Form 10-K, is incorporated herein by reference. The information regarding
Executive Officers of the Registrant included in Part I of this Form 10-K.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The (i) information set forth under the caption "Board and Committee
Meetings; Directors' Compensation" and (ii) information set forth under the
captions "Executive Compensation," "Compensation Committee Interlocks and
Insider Participation" and "Certain Transactions and Relationships" all to be
included in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Annual
Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 22, 1997, and to be filed pursuant to
Regulation 14A within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by
this report on Form 10-K, is incorporated herein by reference. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, (i) the information set forth in said Proxy Statement under the
caption "Report of the Compensation Committee" and (ii) the information set
forth under the caption "Performance Graph" in said Proxy Statement is not
incorporated by reference herein or in any other filing of the Company.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information set forth under the caption "SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN
BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT" to be included in the Company's definitive
Proxy Statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May
22, 1997, and to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the
close of the fiscal year covered by this report on Form 10-K, is incorporated
herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information set forth under the caption "Certain Transactions and
Relationships" to be included in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement
relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 22, 1997 and to
be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the close of the
fiscal year covered by this report on Form 10-K, is incorporated herein by
reference.
-16-
<PAGE> 19
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
14(a)(1) Financial Statements:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
REFERENCE
---------
<S> <C>
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements......................... F- 1
Independent Auditors' Report....................................... F- 2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1996 and 1995....... F- 3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the period from February
12, 1988 (inception) through December 31, 1996 and for each of
the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994................. F- 4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficiency) for
the period from February 12, 1988 (inception) through December
31, 1996 and for each of the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995
and 1994......................................................... F- 5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the period from February
12, 1988 (inception) through December 31, 1996 and for each of
the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994................. F- 9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements......................... F-10
</TABLE>
(a) (2) Financial Statement Schedules:
All schedules have been omitted since they are not required, not applicable
or the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements
or the notes thereto.
(A) (3) EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<C> <S>
3.1 -- Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File
No. 33-75286)
3.2 -- Bylaws of Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 33-75286)
4.1 -- Form of Stock Certificate of Class A Common Stock (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File
No. 33-75286)
4.2 -- Form of Representative's Warrant Agreement, including the form of
Representative's Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 33-75286)
4.3 -- Certificate of Designation of Series B Preferred Stock of Wave Systems Corp.
as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on May 24, 1996 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed
on May 30, 1996, File No. 0-24752)
4.4 -- Certificate of Designation of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of Wave
Systems Corp. as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on December 27,
1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 1997, File No. 0-24752)
+10.1 -- Joint Technology Development Agreement, dated as of May 1, 1992, between The
Titan Corporation and Cryptologics International, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1, File No. 33-75286)
</TABLE>
-17-
<PAGE> 20
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<C> <S>
+10.2 -- License and Cross-License Agreement, dated as of May 1, 1992, between The
Titan Corporation and Cryptologics International, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1, File No. 33-75286)
10.3 -- Amendment to License and Cross-License Agreement, dated as of August 27, 1993,
between The Titan Corporation and Wave Systems Corp. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1, File No. 33-75286)
10.4 -- Amended and Restated License Agreement, dated February 14, 1994, by and among
Wave Systems Corp., Peter J. Sprague and John R. Michener (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1, File No. 33-75286)
+10.5 -- Wave Systems Corp. 1994 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.6 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No.
33-75286)
+10.6 -- Wave Systems Corp. Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1, File No. 33-75286)
10.7 -- Regulation S Securities Subscription Agreement, dated as of May 29, 1996
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Current Report
on Form 8-K filed on May 30, 1996, File No. 0-24752)
10.8 -- Purchase Agreement between Wave Systems Corp. and JNC Opportunity Fund Ltd.,
dated as of December 27, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the
Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 1997, File No.
0-24752)
10.9 -- Registration Rights Agreement between Wave Systems Corp. and JNC Opportunity
Fund Ltd., dated as of December 27, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 1997,
File No. 0-24752)
10.10 -- Addendum to License and Cross-License Agreement, dated February 28, 1997,
between The Titan Corporation and Wave Systems Corp.
23.1 -- Consent of Independent Auditors -- KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
</TABLE>
- ---------------
+ Confidential treatment has been granted as to portions of this exhibit.
+ Management contract or compensatory plan.
(b) No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the last quarter of the 1996
fiscal year.
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<PAGE> 21
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: March 14, 1997
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP.
By /s/ Peter J. Sprague
----------------------------------------
Name: Peter J. Sprague
Title: Chairman, Chief Executive
Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and
Duly
Authorized Officer of the
Registrant)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Title Date
- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ----------------
<C> <S> <C>
/s/ Peter J. Spraque Chairman, Chief Executive Officer March 14, 1997
- ---------------------------------------- (Principal Financial Officer and Duly
Peter J. Spraque Authorized Officer of the Registrant)
/s/ Steven Sprague President and Chief Operating Officer March 14, 1997
- ----------------------------------------
Steven Sprague
/s/ James R. Franklin Vice President of Product Development March 14, 1997
- ----------------------------------------
James R. Franklin
/s/ Gail S. Titus Controller March 14, 1997
- ----------------------------------------
Gail S. Titus
/s/ John E. Bagalay, Jr. Director March 14, 1997
- ----------------------------------------
John E. Bagalay, Jr.
/s/ Philippe Bertin Director March 14, 1997
- ----------------------------------------
Philippe Bertin
/s/ George Gilder Director March 14, 1997
- ----------------------------------------
George Gilder
/s/ John E. McConnaughy, Jr. Director March 14, 1997
- ----------------------------------------
John E. McConnaughy, Jr.
/s/ Gene W. Ray Director March 14, 1997
- ----------------------------------------
Gene W. Ray
</TABLE>
-19-
<PAGE> 22
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1996 and 1995
(With Independent Auditors' Report Thereon)
<PAGE> 23
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
----
Independent Auditors' Report F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1996 and 1995 F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the years ended
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 and for the period from
February 12, 1988 (inception) through December 31, 1996 F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficiency) for each
of the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 and for the
period from February 12, 1988 (inception) through December 31, 1996 F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the years ended
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 and for the period from
February 12, 1988 (inception) through December 31, 1996 F-9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-10
F-1
<PAGE> 24
Independent Auditors' Report
The Board of Directors
Wave Systems Corp.:
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Wave Systems Corp. and
subsidiaries (a development stage corporation) as listed in the accompanying
index. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Wave Systems Corp.
and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1995, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period
ended December 31, 1996 and for the period from February 12, 1988 (date of
inception) to December 31, 1996 in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming
that Wave Systems Corp. and subsidiaries will continue as a going concern. As
discussed in note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has
suffered recurring losses from operations since inception that raise substantial
doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's
plans in regard to these matters are also described in note 1. The consolidated
financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the
outcome of this uncertainty.
KPMG PEAT MARWICK LLP
New York, New York
March 14, 1997
F-2
<PAGE> 25
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 1996 and 1995
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Assets 1996 1995
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 4,064,324 2,511,928
Marketable securities, held-to-maturity -- 3,946,200
Prepaid expenses and other receivables, including note
from affiliate, less allowance of $668,000 in 1995 70,358 134,771
------------ -----------
Total current assets 4,134,682 6,592,899
Property and equipment, less accumulated depreciation
of $622,356 in 1996 and $350,185 in 1995 934,798 954,530
Goodwill, net of accumulated amortization of $39,686 912,752 --
Other assets 254,987 206,613
Deferred taxes -- --
------------ -----------
$ 6,237,219 7,754,042
============ ===========
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 937,163 1,210,778
------------ -----------
Total current liabilities 937,163 1,210,778
------------ -----------
Note payable 465,500 --
------------ -----------
Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $.01 par
value. 360 shares issued and outstanding in 1996 and
1995; involuntary liquidation value, $450,000 432,334 390,534
Series B Preferred Stock, $.01 par value. 20 shares issued
and outstanding in 1996; involuntary liquidation
value, $207,000 195,520 --
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, $.01 par value.
150,000 shares issued and outstanding in 1996;
involuntary liquidation value $3,002,000 2,647,742 --
------------ -----------
Total preferred stock 3,275,596 390,534
------------ -----------
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 2,000,000
shares; 360 shares issued and outstanding as
Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock;
20 shares issued and outstanding as Series B
Preferred Stock; 150,000 shares issued and outstanding
as Series C Convertible Preferred Stock -- --
Common stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 25,000,000
shares as Class A; issued and outstanding 11,582,086
in 1996 and 6,615,618 in 1995 115,821 66,156
Common stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 13,000,000
shares as Class B; issued and outstanding 6,208,141
in 1996 and 7,583,138 in 1995 62,081 75,831
Capital in excess of par value 33,052,432 28,980,987
Deficit accumulated during the development stage (31,426,669) (22,742,854)
Less: Note receivable from stockholder, including accrued
interest of $71,530 in 1996 and $54,215 in 1995 (244,705) (227,390)
------------ -----------
Total stockholders' equity 1,558,960 6,152,730
------------ -----------
Commitments and contingencies
$ 6,237,219 7,754,042
============ ===========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
<PAGE> 26
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994,
and period from February 12, 1988 (date of inception)
through December 31, 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Period from
February 12, 1988
(date of inception)
through
December 31,
1996 1995 1994 1996
---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues $ 1,458 -- -- 1,458
------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and
administrative 5,560,620 4,080,185 2,432,283 19,453,355
Research and development 3,309,022 3,324,735 1,761,366 12,599,686
------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
8,869,642 7,404,920 4,193,649 32,053,041
------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
Other income (expense):
Interest income 194,766 560,875 211,929 1,003,050
Interest expense (10,397) (1,541) (289,781) (390,856)
Other income -- 12,720 -- 12,720
------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
184,369 572,054 (77,852) 624,914
------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
Net loss (8,683,815) (6,832,866) (4,271,501) (31,426,669)
Accrued dividends on
preferred stock (including accretion
of assured incremental yield on
Series B and C preferred stock of
$671,565 in 1996) 870,579 40,600 39,484 995,513
------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
Net loss to common stockholders $ (9,554,394) (6,873,466) (4,310,985) (32,422,182)
============ =========== =========== ===========
Weighted average number of
common shares outstanding
during the period 14,956,584 13,794,373 10,503,621 8,525,838
Loss per common share $ (.64) (.50) (.41) (3.80)
============ =========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 27
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficiency)
Period from February 12, 1988 (date of inception) to December 31, 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Deficit
Class A Class B accumulated
common stock common stock Capital during the
------------- ------------ in excess of development
Shares Amount Shares Amount par value stage
------ ------ ------ ------ --------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Shares issued to founders at $.003 per share -- $ -- 4,680,000 $ 46,800 (31,200) --
Shares issued at $1.25 per share, net of expenses of
$36,574 from September through November 1988 -- -- 300,000 3,000 335,426 --
Net loss for period ended December 31, 1988 -- -- -- -- -- (326,832)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1988 -- -- 4,980,000 49,800 304,226 (326,832)
Shares issued at $1.25 per share, net of expenses of
$68,750, from January through December 1989 -- -- 270,000 2,700 266,050 --
Shares issued at $1.25 per share in July 1989
as compensation for services rendered -- -- 1,920 19 2,381 --
Shares issued by principal stockholders at
$1.25 per share in December 1989 as
compensation for services rendered -- -- -- -- 374,000 --
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1989 -- -- -- -- -- (982,186)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1989 -- -- 5,251,920 52,519 946,657 (1,309,018)
Shares issued by principal stockholder at $1.25
per share in March 1990 as compensation
for services rendered -- -- -- -- 56,250 --
Shares issued by principal stockholder at $.50
per share in March 1990 as compensation
for services rendered -- -- -- -- 60,000 --
Shares issued at $1.67 per share in May
1990 as compensation for services rendered -- -- 6,000 60 9,940 --
Shares issued at $1.67 per share,
net of expenses of $5,000 in March, April,
November and December 1990 -- -- 390,000 3,900 641,100 --
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1990 -- -- -- -- -- (1,178,129)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1990 -- -- 5,647,920 56,479 1,713,947 (2,487,147)
Shares issued at $1.67 per share from
March through November 1991 -- -- 315,000 3,150 521,850 --
Shares issued at $1.67 per share in November
1991 as compensation for services rendered -- -- 19,800 198 32,802 --
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1991 -- -- -- -- -- (1,009,368)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1991 (carried forward) -- -- 5,982,720 59,827 2,268,599 (3,496,515)
<CAPTION>
Note
receivable
Deferred from
compensation stockholder Total
------------ ----------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Shares issued to founders at $.003 per share -- -- 15,600
Shares issued at $1.25 per share, net of expenses of
$36,574 from September through November 1988 -- -- 338,426
Net loss for period ended December 31, 1988 -- -- (326,832)
---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1988 -- -- 27,194
Shares issued at $1.25 per share, net of expenses of
$68,750, from January through December 1989 -- -- 268,750
Shares issued at $1.25 per share in July 1989
as compensation for services rendered -- -- 2,400
Shares issued by principal stockholders at
$1.25 per share in December 1989 as
compensation for services rendered -- -- 374,000
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1989 -- -- (982,186)
---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1989 -- -- (309,842)
Shares issued by principal stockholder at $1.25
per share in March 1990 as compensation
for services rendered -- -- 56,250
Shares issued by principal stockholder at $.50
per share in March 1990 as compensation
for services rendered -- -- 60,000
Shares issued at $1.67 per share in May
1990 as compensation for services rendered -- -- 10,000
Shares issued at $1.67 per share,
net of expenses of $5,000 in March, April,
November and December 1990 -- -- 645,000
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1990 -- -- (1,178,129)
---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1990 -- -- (716,721)
Shares issued at $1.67 per share from
March through November 1991 -- -- 525,000
Shares issued at $1.67 per share in November
1991 as compensation for services rendered -- -- 33,000
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1991 -- -- (1,009,368)
---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1991 (carried forward) -- -- (1,168,089)
</TABLE>
(Continued)
F-5
<PAGE> 28
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Deficiency), Continued
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Deficit
Class A Class B accumulated
common stock common stock Capital during the
------------ ------------ in excess of development
Shares Amount Shares Amount par value stage
------ ------ ------ ------ --------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1991 (brought forward) -- $ -- 5,982,720 $ 59,827 2,268,599 (3,496,515)
Shares issued at $1.67 per share from
January through October 1992 -- -- 708,000 7,080 1,172,920 --
Shares issued at $1.67 per share in
May 1992 in connection with License
and Cross-License Agreement -- -- 674,976 6,750 1,118,210 --
Shares issued at $1.67 per share in May 1992
as compensation for services rendered -- -- 18,000 180 29,820 --
Shares issued at $2.50 per share in May and
November 1992 as compensation
for services rendered -- -- 771,000 7,710 1,919,790 --
Shares issued at $2.50 per share, net
of expenses of $7,500, in November
and December 1992 -- -- 323,001 3,230 796,773 --
Shares issued by principal stockholder in
December 1992 at $2.50 per share as
compensation for services rendered -- -- -- -- 75,000 --
Shares cancelled in October and
December 1992 -- -- (75,000) (750) 750 --
Issuance of stock options at $.003
exercise price per share in June 1992 -- -- -- -- 798,400 --
Amortization of deferred compensation -- -- -- -- -- --
Accrued dividends on preferred stock -- -- -- -- (6,383) --
Note received from stockholder and
accrual of interest thereon -- -- -- -- -- --
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1992 -- -- -- -- -- (4,182,638)
---------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1992 (carried forward) -- -- 8,402,697 84,027 8,173,879 (7,679,153)
<CAPTION>
Note
receivable
Deferred from
compensation stockholder Total
------------ ----------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1991 (brought forward) -- -- (1,168,089)
Shares issued at $1.67 per share from
January through October 1992 -- -- 1,180,000
Shares issued at $1.67 per share in
May 1992 in connection with License
and Cross-License Agreement -- -- 1,124,960
Shares issued at $1.67 per share in May 1992
as compensation for services rendered -- -- 30,000
Shares issued at $2.50 per share in May and
November 1992 as compensation
for services rendered -- -- 1,927,500
Shares issued at $2.50 per share, net
of expenses of $7,500, in November
and December 1992 -- -- 800,003
Shares issued by principal stockholder in
December 1992 at $2.50 per share as
compensation for services rendered -- -- 75,000
Shares cancelled in October and
December 1992 -- -- --
Issuance of stock options at $.003
exercise price per share in June 1992 (398,660) -- 399,740
Amortization of deferred compensation 155,455 -- 155,455
Accrued dividends on preferred stock -- -- (6,383)
Note received from stockholder and
accrual of interest thereon -- (152,974) (152,974)
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1992 -- -- (4,182,638)
---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1992 (carried forward) (243,205) (152,974) 182,574
</TABLE>
(Continued)
F-6
<PAGE> 29
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Deficiency), Continued
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Class A Class B
common stock common stock Capital
------------ ------------ in excess of
Shares Amount Shares Amount par value
------ ------ ------ ------ ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1992 (brought forward) -- $ -- 8,402,697 $ 84,027 8,173,879
Shares issued at $1.67 per share in February 1993 -- -- 30,000 300 49,800
Shares issued at $3.50 per share, net of expenses
of $82,427, from April through December 1993 -- -- 550,359 5,504 1,838,294
Shares issued at $3.50 per share from May to
December 1993 as compensation for services
rendered, for the acquisition of property
and equipment and as additional
interest on borrowings -- -- 73,319 733 255,884
Issuance of warrants to purchase Class B
common stock from September to
December 1993 in conjunction with
the issuance of convertible debt -- -- -- -- 72,893
Amortization of deferred compensation -- -- -- -- --
Accrued dividends on preferred stock -- -- -- -- (38,467)
Note received from stockholder and accrual
of interest thereon -- -- -- -- --
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1993 -- -- -- -- --
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1993 -- -- 9,056,375 90,564 10,352,283
Shares issued at $3.50 per share in
January and February 1994 -- -- 95,715 957 334,046
Shares issued at $3.50 per share in
February 1994 as additional
interest on borrowings -- -- 5,700 57 19,893
Issuance of warrants to purchase Class B
common stock in January and
February 1994 in conjunction with the
issuance of convertible debt -- -- -- -- 115,234
Accrued dividends on preferred stock -- -- -- -- (39,484)
Accrual of interest on note receivable
from stockholder -- -- -- -- --
Sale of warrants to underwriter in
September 1994 -- -- -- -- 4
Conversion of notes payable -- -- 599,507 5,995 2,079,131
Shares issued at $5.00 per share in initial
public offering in September 1994,
net of expenses of $2,929,835 3,728,200 37,282 -- -- 15,673,883
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1994 -- -- -- -- --
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1994 3,728,200 37,282 9,757,297 97,573 28,534,990
(carried forward)
<CAPTION>
Deficit
accumulated Note
during the receivable
development Deferred from
stage compensation stockholder Total
----- ------------ ----------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1992 (brought forward) (7,679,153) (243,205) (152,974) 182,574
Shares issued at $1.67 per share in February 1993 -- -- -- 50,100
Shares issued at $3.50 per share, net of expenses
of $82,427, from April through December 1993 -- -- -- 1,843,798
Shares issued at $3.50 per share from May to
December 1993 as compensation for services
rendered, for the acquisition of property
and equipment and as additional
interest on borrowings -- -- -- 256,617
Issuance of warrants to purchase Class B
common stock from September to
December 1993 in conjunction with
the issuance of convertible debt -- -- -- 72,893
Amortization of deferred compensation -- 243,205 -- 243,205
Accrued dividends on preferred stock -- -- -- (38,467)
Note received from stockholder and accrual
of interest thereon -- -- (39,783) (39,783)
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1993 (3,959,334) -- -- (3,959,334)
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1993 (11,638,487) -- (192,757) (1,388,397)
Shares issued at $3.50 per share in
January and February 1994 -- -- -- 335,003
Shares issued at $3.50 per share in
February 1994 as additional
interest on borrowings -- -- -- 19,950
Issuance of warrants to purchase Class B
common stock in January and
February 1994 in conjunction with the
issuance of convertible debt -- -- -- 115,234
Accrued dividends on preferred stock -- -- -- (39,484)
Accrual of interest on note receivable
from stockholder -- -- (17,315) (17,315)
Sale of warrants to underwriter in
September 1994 -- -- -- 4
Conversion of notes payable -- -- -- 2,085,126
Shares issued at $5.00 per share in initial
public offering in September 1994,
net of expenses of $2,929,835 -- -- -- 15,711,165
Net loss for year ended December 31, 1994 (4,271,501) -- -- (4,271,501)
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1994 (15,909,988) -- (210,072) 12,549,785
(carried forward)
</TABLE>
(continued)
F-7
<PAGE> 30
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficiency), Continued
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Class A Class B
common stock common stock Capital
------------ ------------ in excess of
Shares Amount Shares Amount par value
------ ------ ------ ------ ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1994 (brought forward) 3,728,200 $ 37,282 9,757,297 $ 97,573 28,534,990
Shares issued at prices ranging from $1.00
per share to $3.13 per share as compensation
for services rendered 31,559 315 -- -- 57,184
Exercise of options to purchase Class B stock -- -- 681,700 6,817 429,413
Accrued dividends on preferred stock -- -- -- -- (40,600)
Accrual of interest on note receivable from
stockholder -- -- -- --
Exchange of Class B stock for Class A stock 2,855,859 28,559 (2,855,859) (28,559) --
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 1995 -- -- -- -- --
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1995 6,615,618 66,156 7,583,138 75,831 28,980,987
Exercise of options to purchase Class A stock 214,091 2,141 -- -- 420,366
Shares issued at prices ranging from $2.06
per share to $3.44 per share as compensation
for services rendered 42,077 421 -- -- 123,029
Issuance of unregistered Class B common
stock to acquire Wave Interactive
Network valued at approximately $.98
per share -- -- 375,000 3,750 364,688
Issuance of warrants to purchase unregistered
shares of Class A common stock in
conjuction with the issuance of
convertible debt and preferred stock -- -- -- -- 283,455
Conversion of Class B Preferred Stock 2,960,303 29,603 -- -- 3,078,921
Accrual of interest on note receivable -- -- -- -- --
Accrued dividends on preferred stock -- -- -- -- (199,014)
Exchange of Class B stock for Class A stock 1,749,997 17,500 (1,749,997) (17,500) --
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 1996 -- -- -- -- --
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1996 11,582,086 $ 115,821 6,208,141 $ 62,081 33,052,432
=========== =========== =========== =========== ===========
<CAPTION>
Deficit
accumulated Note
during the receivable
development Deferred from
stage compensation stockholder Total
----- ------------ ----------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1994 (brought forward) (15,909,988) -- (210,072) 12,549,785
Shares issued at prices ranging from $1.00
per share to $3.13 per share as compensation
for services rendered -- -- -- 57,499
Exercise of options to purchase Class B stock -- -- -- 436,230
Accrued dividends on preferred stock -- -- -- (40,600)
Accrual of interest on note receivable from
stockholder -- (17,318) (17,318)
Exchange of Class B stock for Class A stock -- -- -- --
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 1995 (6,832,866) -- -- (6,832,866)
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1995 (22,742,854) -- (227,390) 6,152,730
Exercise of options to purchase Class A stock -- -- -- 422,507
Shares issued at prices ranging from $2.06
per share to $3.44 per share as compensation
for services rendered -- -- -- 123,450
Issuance of unregistered Class B common
stock to acquire Wave Interactive
Network valued at approximately $.98
per share -- -- -- 368,438
Issuance of warrants to purchase unregistered
shares of Class A common stock in
conjuction with the issuance of
convertible debt and preferred stock -- -- -- 283,455
Conversion of Class B Preferred Stock -- -- -- 3,108,524
Accrual of interest on note receivable -- -- (17,315) (17,315)
Accrued dividends on preferred stock -- -- -- (199,014)
Exchange of Class B stock for Class A stock -- -- -- --
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 1996 (8,683,815) -- -- (8,683,815)
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1996 (31,426,669) -- (244,705) 1,558,960
=========== =========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-8
<PAGE> 31
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
and period from February 12, 1988 (date of inception)
through December 31, 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Period from
February 12, 1988
(date of inception)
through
December 31,
1996 1995 1994 1996
---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $(8,683,815) (6,832,866) (4,271,501) (31,426,669)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 316,829 177,393 89,048 700,674
Reserve for note from affiliate 1,004,934 668,000 -- 1,672,934
Accrued interest on marketable securities 48,617 (48,617) (106,962) (106,962)
Noncash expenses:
Common stock issued in connection
with License and Cross-License
Agreement -- -- -- 1,124,960
Common stock issued for services
rendered and additional interest
on borrowings 40,938 57,499 19,950 2,371,562
Accrued interest on note payable 9,500 -- -- 9,500
Preferred stock issued for services rendered -- -- -- 265,600
Compensation associated with
issuance of stock options -- -- -- 399,740
Amortization of deferred compensation -- -- -- 398,660
Amortization of discount on notes payable -- -- 143,178 166,253
Common stock issued by principal
stockholder for services rendered -- -- -- 565,250
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Increase in accrued interest on note receivable (17,315) (17,318) (17,315) (71,530)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses
and other receivables 64,413 (70,602) (64,169) (70,358)
Increase in other assets (53,346) (88,114) (124,860) (269,903)
(Decrease) increase in accounts
payable and accrued expenses (191,103) 343,633 (137,798) 1,074,675
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash used in operating activities (7,460,348) (5,810,992) (4,470,429) (23,195,614)
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment (252,439) (814,205) (173,102) (1,550,812)
Short-term loans to affiliate (1,004,934) (668,000) -- (1,672,934)
Organizational costs -- -- -- (14,966)
Purchase of marketable securities-held to maturity (2,945,458) (16,601,235) (8,000,076) (27,546,769)
Maturity of marketable securities-held to maturity 6,843,041 20,810,690 -- 27,653,731
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash provided by (used in)
investing activities 2,640,210 2,727,250 (8,173,178) (3,131,750)
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock 422,507 436,230 16,046,168 22,571,582
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
and warrant 5,950,027 -- -- 5,950,027
Sale of warrants -- -- 4 4
Note receivable from stockholder -- -- -- (173,175)
Proceeds from notes payable and warrants
to stockholders -- -- 1,269,000 2,083,972
Repayments of notes payable to stockholders -- -- (722,375) (1,069,972)
Proceeds from notes payable and warrants -- -- 744,250 1,284,250
Repayments of note payable -- -- (225,000) (255,000)
Advances from stockholder -- -- -- 227,598
Repayments of advances from stockholder -- -- -- (227,598)
Increase in deferred offering costs -- -- 148,700 --
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash provided by financing activities 6,372,534 436,230 17,260,747 30,391,688
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and
cash equivalents 1,552,396 (2,647,512) 4,617,140 4,064,324
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 2,511,928 5,159,440 542,300 --
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 4,064,324 2,511,928 5,159,440 4,064,324
=========== =========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-9
<PAGE> 32
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1996 and 1995
(1) Organization and Basis of Preparation
Wave Systems Corp. (the "Company" or "Wave") is engaged in the research and
development of a proprietary system (the "Wave System") for use with a
computer, that measures, controls, and records the use of electronic
content. The Company is also engaged in various research, development and
marketing efforts to commercialize the Wave System to provide more
efficient and flexible pricing (e.g., pay per use or rent to own) and
greater security on the usage of the electronic content. The Company is in
the development stage and, accordingly, the accompanying consolidated
financial statements are presented in a format prescribed for a development
stage enterprise.
The Company has incurred significant losses in current and prior periods.
Management intends to continue to devote resources toward the research,
development and marketing of its products in order to generate future
revenues from licensing and product sales. In addition, the Company is
actively pursuing additional short- and long-term financing sources,
including debt and equity financing. Although management believes that it
can successfully research, develop and market its products and obtain
additional financing, there can be no assurance that it will be able to do
so.
(2) Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements
of Wave; a wholly owned subsidiary, Harvard International Medical
Library, Inc., doing business as MedWave; a majority owned inactive
subsidiary, Network News Corp. ("NNC"); and a wholly owned inactive
subsidiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions
have been eliminated in consolidation.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the
date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses
during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
(c) Cash Equivalents
For purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company
considers all highly liquid instruments with a maturity of three
months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents amounted to
$3,754,961 of money market funds at December 31, 1996 and $1,997,040
of U.S. Treasury securities at December 31, 1995.
(Continued)
F-10
<PAGE> 33
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2), Continued
(d) Marketable Securities
The Company classifies its marketable securities into one of three
categories: trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity
securities. Trading securities are bought and held principally for the
purpose of selling them in the near term. Those securities that the
Company has the ability and intent to hold until maturity are
classified as held-to-maturity. All other securities not included in
trading or held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale.
Trading and available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value.
Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost, adjusted
for the amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts.
Marketable securities classified as held-to-maturity at December 31,
1995 consisted of a six-month treasury bill, which matured on April 4,
1996.
(e) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, including computer software, are stated at
cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over
estimated useful lives of five years.
(f) Goodwill
Goodwill, which represents the excess of purchase price over the fair
value of net assets acquired, is amortized on a straight-line basis
over the period expected to be benefited of five years. The Company
assesses the recoverability of this intangible asset by determining
whether the amortization of the goodwill balance over its remaining
life can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows
of the related acquired operation. The amount of goodwill impairment,
if any, is measured based on projected discounted future operating
cash flows using a discount rate reflecting the Company's average cost
of funds. The assessment of the recoverability of goodwill will be
impacted if estimated future operating cash flows are not achieved.
(g) Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability
method. As such, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized
for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between
the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and
liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax
credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using enacted
(Continued)
F-11
<PAGE> 34
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2), Continued
(g), continued
tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which
those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax
rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the
enactment date.
(h) Stock Option Plan
Prior to January 1, 1996, the Company accounted for its stock option
plans in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board
("APB") Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and
related interpretations. As such, compensation expense would be
recorded on the date of grant only if the current market price of the
underlying stock exceeded the exercise price. On January 1, 1996, the
Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS")
No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, which permits
entities to recognize as expense over the vesting period the fair
value of all stock-based awards on the date of grant. Alternatively,
SFAS No. 123 also allows entities to continue to apply the provisions
of APB Opinion No. 25 and provide pro forma net income and pro forma
earnings per share disclosures for employee stock option grants made
in 1995 and future years as if the fair value-based method defined in
SFAS No. 123 had been applied. The Company has elected to continue to
apply the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25 and provide the pro forma
disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123.
(i) Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
(j) Loss Per Share
Net loss per common share has been calculated based upon the weighted
average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the
period. No effect has been given to common stock equivalents or
convertible preferred stock or debt as they are all anti-dilutive.
Included in net loss to common stockholders is the accretion of the
assured incremental yield related to the ability of the Series B and C
preferred stockholders to acquire common stock upon conversion, at a
discount. The assured incremental yield is being accreted over the
periods from the dates of issuance of the preferred stock to the
earliest eligible dates for conversion.
(k) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of
The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be
Disposed Of, on January 1, 1996. This Statement requires that
long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles be reviewed for
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that
the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability
of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the
carrying amount of
(Continued)
F-12
<PAGE> 35
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2), Continued
(k), continued
an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the
asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to
be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount
of the assets exceed the fair value of the assets. Assets to be
disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair
value less costs to sell. Adoption of this Statement did not have a
material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position,
results of operations, or liquidity.
(l) Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to the 1995 consolidated
financial statements to conform to the 1996 presentation.
(3) Related Party Transactions
(a) Note Receivable from Stockholder
A stockholder, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the
Company, was indebted to the Company at December 31, 1996 under two
promissory notes totaling $244,705, including accrued interest of
$71,530, due on demand.
The notes are secured by a pledge of 67,000 shares of Class B common
stock held by the stockholder and officer. The notes bear interest at
10% per annum. Interest income of $17,315, $17,318, $17,315 and
$71,530 were recognized for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995
and 1994 and for the period from inception through December 31, 1996,
respectively. The notes and accrued interest thereon have been shown
as a deduction from stockholders' equity in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements.
(b) Acquisition and Dispositions
In November 1995, the Company entered into a transaction with certain
individuals whereby shares in its newly-formed subsidiary, Wave
Interactive Network, Inc. ("WIN"), were transferred in exchange for a
demand note. The amount of the demand note was based on the level of
funding provided to WIN by the Company during 1995. The demand note
from WIN accrued interest at a rate of Prime plus 1% and, subject to
certain limitations associated with WIN's ability to raise additional
capital, was convertible into an undiluted 20% of the common shares of
WIN at the option of Wave. The Company retained a 1% ownership in WIN
and transferred the remaining ownership to certain individuals,
including former employees. Approximately 65% of the ownership was
transferred to Steven Sprague, President and CEO of WIN, and three
other children of Mr. Peter J. Sprague, Chairman and CEO of Wave. The
note was fully reserved as its collectibility was dependent upon WIN's
ability to raise additional capital. In addition, the Company entered
into a separate commercial agreement that, among other things, granted
certain distribution rights to WIN in exchange for royalties and other
consideration.
(Continued)
F-13
<PAGE> 36
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(3), Continued
(b), continued
During 1996, the Company continued to finance the operations of WIN
through additional demand notes with terms similar to the original
demand note. The additional notes amounting to $1,004,000 were also
fully reserved. On December 30, 1996, effective as of October 18,
1996, the Company entered into a merger agreement with WIN whereby the
Company exchanged, for all of the outstanding WIN common stock that it
did not own, 375,000 shares of Class B common stock. These Class B
shares are restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"). Additionally, based on
the attainment of a specified milestone, the shareholders of WIN are
entitled to receive an additional 325,000 shares of the Company's
Class B common stock. The Company also issued a 10% convertible note
(see note 6) and a warrant (see note 9) to refinance a convertible
note obligation of WIN amounting to approximately $456,000, which
included accrued interest to October 18, 1996, and an outstanding
warrant. Included in the results of operations are WIN's operations
from October 18, 1996. This acquisition has been accounted for by the
purchase method.
The purchase price of $952,438 was determined based on the estimated
fair value of the consideration given to the WIN shareholders and
noteholder. Due to its restricted nature, the Class B common stock was
valued at a discount of 25% from the market value of the Class A
common stock as of October 18, 1996. The convertible note was valued
at its face amount as any discount attributable to the incremental
yield imbedded in the conversion feature was assumed to be offset by
the restricted nature of the Class A common stock into which the note
is convertible. The warrant was valued at $128,000, its estimated fair
value, using the Black-Scholes model and assuming:
Expected Life 5 years
Interest Rate 6.25%
Volatility 124%
Dividend Yield 0.0%
The entire purchase price has been allocated to goodwill as WIN had no
net tangible assets. If the contingent consideration is issued, value
ascribed to such consideration will be treated as additional purchase
price at such time.
On a pro forma basis, assuming the acquisition occurred as of January
1, 1996, the net loss and net loss per share would have increased by
approximately $416,000 and $.03, respectively. The 1995 pro forma
results would not have been significantly different from those
reported by the Company.
In November 1995, the Company issued 25% of the common shares of NNC
to employees of NNC. The value of such shares was deemed to be
immaterial. The Company has recognized 100% of the losses in the
operations of NNC for 1996 and 1995.
(Continued)
F-14
<PAGE> 37
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(3), Continued
(b), continued
In July 1996, the Company decided to close down the operations of NNC.
The Company believes that NNC was unable to receive separate funding
and that the operation was not likely to generate revenues.
(4) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment as of December 31 consisted of the following:
1996 1995
---- ----
Equipment $ 1,094,036 932,954
Furniture, fixtures and improvements 350,744 271,378
Computer software 112,374 100,383
----------- -----------
1,557,154 1,304,715
Less: Accumulated depreciation (622,356) (350,185)
----------- -----------
Total $ 934,798 954,530
=========== ===========
Depreciation expense on property and equipment amounted to $272,171,
$172,421, $78,972 and $622,356 for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995,
and 1994 and for the period from inception through December 31, 1996,
respectively.
(5) Notes Payable to Stockholders
From September 1993 through June 1994, the Company borrowed $1,219,000 from
stockholders pursuant to its 10% Convertible Notes. The notes were
originally due from March 1994 to December 1994 and bore interest at 10%
per annum. The notes, or any portion of the notes, were convertible into
shares of Class B common stock at the rate of $3.50 per share. As part of
these financings, the Company granted to these stockholders warrants to
purchase a total of 175,929 shares of Class B common stock at $3.50 per
share. The warrants expire in 1998 and 1999. The estimated fair value of
these warrants at their dates of issuance of $.50 per warrant (total
$87,964) was deducted from the face value of the notes and was recognized
as additional interest expense over the estimated period the notes were
expected to be outstanding of six months. This produced an effective
interest rate on the notes of approximately 27% per annum. Interest expense
of $60,340 is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of
operations for the year ended December 1994. In conjunction with the
Company's initial public stock offering, holders of $1,069,000 face amount
of notes elected to convert such notes into 305,430 shares of Class B
common stock. Holders electing not to convert were repaid.
In 1994, the Company sold $400,000 aggregate principal amount of its 15%
Notes together with warrants to purchase 46,799 shares of the Company's
Class B common stock to stockholders. These warrants are exercisable, in
whole or in part, for a period of five years from their dates of issuance
at an exercise price of $6.00 per share, subject to adjustment in certain
circumstances. These notes were repaid in 1994.
(Continued)
F-15
<PAGE> 38
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(6) Notes Payable
In connection with the acquisition of WIN, the Company issued a 10%
convertible note amounting to $456,000 and a warrant (see note 9) to
refinance WIN's obligation to a noteholder. The note is convertible any
time after April 1, 1997 and will become due, including accrued interest,
on April 18, 1998. The note is convertible into a number of the Company's
unregistered Class A common stock for a period beginning on April 1, 1997
and ending April 18, 1998 calculated as the greater of (a) the number of
shares that would be acquired at 80% of the fair market value of the Class
A common stock or (b) 250,000 shares plus 2,000 shares for each month the
note is outstanding.
From October 1993 to April 1994, the Company borrowed $1,254,250 from
individuals and institutions pursuant to its 10% Convertible Notes. As part
of these financings, the Company granted to these individuals and
institutions warrants to purchase a total of 182,824 shares of Class B
common stock at $3.50 per share. The warrants expire in 1998 and 1999. The
estimated fair value of these warrants at their dates of issuance of $.50
per warrant (total $91,413) was deducted from the face value of the notes
and was recognized as additional interest expense over the estimated period
the notes were expected to be outstanding of six months. This produced an
effective interest rate on the notes of approximately 27% per annum. In
conjunction with the Company's initial public stock offering, holders of
$1,029,250 face amount of notes elected to convert such notes into 294,077
shares of Class B common stock. Holders electing not to convert were
repaid.
(7) Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
Accounts payable and accrued expenses as of December 31 consisted of the
following:
1996 1995
---- ----
Accounts payable $ 403,447 516,222
Accrued consulting and professional fees 409,562 299,636
Accrued payroll and related costs 111,340 349,042
Other accrued liabilities 12,814 45,878
--------- ---------
Total $ 937,163 1,210,778
========= =========
(8) Capital Stock
(a) Redeemable Preferred Stock
The Company has authorized 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock having
a par value of $.01 per share. On October 19, 1992, the Board of
Directors designated and issued 360 shares of this preferred stock of
the Company as "Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock"
("Series A Preferred Stock").
The Series A Preferred Stock was issued in settlement of compensation
owed to a former officer of the Company for services provided to the
Company. The holder of
(Continued)
F-16
<PAGE> 39
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(8) Continued
(a), continued
the Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the
rate of $60 per share per annum, when and as declared by the Board of
Directors of the Company. Dividends are cumulative from the date of
original issue, and payable upon redemption.
No dividends may be declared upon the common stock of the Company
unless full cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock have
been declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof has been
set apart for such payment. The stock is non-voting and redeemable at
$1,000 per share, plus accumulated dividends, at any time at the
option of the Company. The stock is subject to mandatory redemption
five years from the date of issuance, i.e., October 1997. Because the
dividend rate on the Preferred Stock was below market rates, the stock
was discounted to yield a market rate of 12% at the time of issuance,
resulting in a discount of $94,400. Dividends of $41,800 (including
amortization of the discount of $20,200) and $40,600 (including
amortization of the discount of $18,998) and $39,484 (including
amortization of the discount of $19,000) have been accrued for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively.
In May of 1996, the Company raised $3,214,026, net of issuance costs
of $285,974, through the placement of 350 shares of Series B Preferred
Stock ("Series B Preferred Stock") pursuant to Regulation S of the
Act. The Series B Preferred Stock has a stated value of $10,000 per
share, which accrues dividends for liquidation and conversion purposes
at 6% per annum, and ranks senior to the Company's common stock and
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Stock") and
junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. Series B Preferred Stock is
convertible by the holder, in increments, into the Company's Class A
common stock: one-third convertible 40 days from the issue date;
one-third 60 days from issue date; and an additional one-third 90 days
from the issue date. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible at
the lesser of 110% of the average closing bid price for the five days
immediately preceding the issue date or 85% of the average closing bid
price for the five days immediately preceding the conversion date. The
Series B Preferred Stock is subject to automatic conversion two years
from the issue date. In the event of any conversion, whether automatic
or voluntary, by a holder or holders, the Company is required to
redeem the number of Series B Preferred Stock that, when converted
into Class A common stock, would exceed 20% of the total number of
shares of Class A common stock then outstanding. During 1996,
330 shares of the Company's Series B Preferred Stock
were converted into 2,960,303 shares of the Company's Class A
common stock.
In December of 1996, the Company raised $2,634,037 net of
issuance costs of $365,963 ($101,964 of which related to the
value ascribed to warrants issued) through the placement of 150,000
shares of Series C Preferred Stock pursuant to Regulation D of the
Act. The Series C Preferred Stock has a stated value of $20 per
share, which accrues dividends payable quarterly in cash at 6%
per annum.
(Continued)
F-17
<PAGE> 40
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(8), Continued
(a), continued
Any unpaid dividends become due on the date conversion takes place.
The Series C Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Company's common
stock and junior to the Series A and B Preferred Stock. Series C
Preferred Stock is convertible by the holder, in increments, into the
Company's Class A common stock based on the market price of the
Company's Class A common stock at the time of conversion. Conversion
can occur at the earlier of 75 days after the original issue date or
the date the Securities and Exchange Commission declares a
registration statement, filed to register the Class A common stock
received upon conversion, effective.
The Series C Preferred Stock is convertible at the lesser of $2.31 per
share or 80%, as adjusted, of the average of the fair value of the
Class A common stock for the five days prior to the conversion date.
In the event any conversion, by a holder or holders, would exceed 20%
of the total number of shares of Class A common stock then
outstanding, the holder has the option to convene a meeting to obtain
shareholder approval or require the Company to redeem the number of
shares of Series C Preferred Stock that are in excess of 20%.
(b) Common Stock
In December 1989, March through October 1990, and November 1991,
substantially all stockholders as of December 29, 1989 were offered
the right to acquire a number of shares equivalent to their
pre-offering holdings at a price of $.003 per share. Substantially all
stockholders that received the offer accepted this opportunity. This
was accounted for essentially as a stock split effected in the form of
a rights offering, and all shares issued in conjunction with this
offering were reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial
statements retroactively.
Two principal stockholders did not acquire the full amount of shares
to which they were entitled. Most of the additional proportionate
shares that these stockholders would have been credited with were
offered instead to certain officers, employees and stockholders for
$.003 per share. To the extent that these rights were offered to the
individuals in compensation for services rendered to the Company,
compensation expense equal to the difference between the estimated
fair value as of the date of issuance and the purchase price of the
stock was recorded. The estimated fair value of the common stock was
determined based on sales to third parties near the date of issuance.
Compensation expense associated with the issuance of these shares of
$430,250 is included in the accompanying consolidated statement of
operations for the period from inception to December 31, 1996.
In May and November, 1992, the Company issued 770,000 shares of Class
B restricted common stock to certain employees, officers and
stockholders of the Company for a purchase price of $.003 per share,
payable in the form of services to the Company.
(Continued)
F-18
<PAGE> 41
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(8), Continued
(b), continued
As these shares were issued for services rendered, compensation
expense of $1,927,500 was recorded representing the estimated fair
value of $2.50 per share at the date of issuance, the price at which
common stock was sold to third parties near the time of issuance.
In February 1995, the Company agreed to grant 36,000 shares of Class A
common stock, 12,000 of which were issued in 1995 with the remainder
issued in 1996, to two consultants and six nonemployee directors as
compensation for services rendered. Expenses of $112,500 were recorded
in 1995 representing the stock's fair value of $3.13 per share at the
time of the agreement to grant.
In July 1995, the Company issued 19,559 shares to two vendors in
payment for services rendered. Costs of $20,000 were recorded
representing the stock's fair value of approximately $1.00 per share
at the time the services were rendered.
In July and August 1996, the Company issued 15,000 and 3,077 shares of
Class A common stock to two consultants as compensation for services
rendered. Expenses of $40,938 have been recorded representing the
stock's fair value of $2.06 and $3.44 per share, respectively, at
their dates of issuance.
Approximately 11.8 million shares of the Company's Class A common
stock has been reserved for issuance for conversion of the Company's
Class B common stock, Series B and C Preferred Stock and the
convertible note and exercise of outstanding options and warrants.
(c) Recapitalization
In January 1994, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to
amend and restate the Company's Certificate of Incorporation to
reflect the authorization of 25,000,000 shares of a newly created
Class A common stock, which stock has voting rights of one vote per
share, and the reclassification of the then current outstanding shares
of common stock into Class B common stock. In June 1994, the Board of
Directors authorized that the Class B common stock will have one vote
per share, except that Class B common stock will have five votes per
share in cases where one or more directors are nominated for election
by persons other than the Company's Board of Directors and where there
is a vote on any merger, consolidation or other similar transaction,
which is not recommended by the Company's Board of Directors. In
addition, the Class B common stock will have five votes per share on
all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders in the event that
any person or group of persons acquires beneficial ownership of 20% or
more of the outstanding voting securities of the Company. The Class B
common stock is convertible into shares of Class A common stock at any
time. The classes of common stock are alike in all other respects.
(Continued)
F-19
<PAGE> 42
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(9) Options and Warrants
1991 Plan
In September 1991, the Board of Directors authorized the establishment of a
stock option plan (the "1991 Plan"). The total number of shares of Class B
common stock subject to the Plan is 2,700,000. Options terminate upon the
earlier of the date of the expiration of the option or upon termination of
the employment relationship between the Company or a subsidiary and the
optionee for any reason other than death, disability or retirement.
Employees are entitled to exercise their options on dates determined by the
Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Vesting provisions for
options granted generally range from immediate vesting to pro-rata vesting
over a three-year period. Options granted under the 1991 Plan may, in the
discretion of the Compensation Committee, include the right to acquire a
reload option. A reload option provides for the automatic grant of a new
option at the then-current market price in exchange for each previously
owned share tendered by an employee in a stock-for-stock exercise.
Subsequent to January 1994 no further options, other than reload options,
may be granted under the 1991 Plan. All options outstanding under the 1991
Plan continue in full force and effect subject to their original terms.
Other Options
In 1993, in connection with an investment banking agreement, the Company
granted options to purchase 30,000 shares of Class B common stock at an
exercise price of $1.67 per share, and options to purchase 14,286 shares of
Class B common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per share. The options
vested immediately and are exercisable for a period of seven years from the
date of issuance.
1994 Plans
In January 1994, the Board of Directors authorized the establishment of the
1994 Employee Stock Option Plan (the "1994 Plan"). The initial number of
shares of Class A common stock subject to the 1994 Plan was 1,000,000. The
terms of the 1994 Plan are similar to those of the 1991 Plan. Options are
granted with exercise prices that approximate fair market value at the
date of grant. In May 1996, the Board of Directors approved an amendment
to the Company's 1994 Plan to increase the number of shares of Class A
common stock reserved for issuance thereunder to 2,000,000 shares.
In January 1994, the Board of Directors authorized the establishment of the
Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan (the "Directors' Plan"). The total
number of shares of Class A common stock subject to the Directors' Plan was
200,000. Pursuant to the Directors' Plan, each director who was not an
employee of the Company received an initial grant of options to purchase
12,000 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per
share.
(Continued)
F-20
<PAGE> 43
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(9), Continued
Any person subsequently elected as a director who is not an employee of the
Company will receive an initial grant of options to purchase 12,000 shares
of Class A common stock on the day he or she is elected a director. In
addition, on the day immediately following each of the dates on which an
incumbent director is re-elected, he or she received an additional grant of
options to purchase 2,000 shares of Class A common stock.
In February 1995, the Board of Directors authorized certain changes to the
Directors' Plan. The annual option grant for directors was increased from a
total of 2,000 shares of Class A common stock to 10,000 shares of Class A
common stock. In July 1995, the stockholders of the Company authorized an
increase to the total number of shares subject to the Directors' Plan from
200,000 shares to 500,000 shares. Options to purchase a total of 100,000
and 60,000 shares of Class A common stock at $3.09 and $7.06 per share,
were issued in 1996 and 1995, respectively, to nonemployee directors.
Initial option grants under the Directors' Plan vest one-third upon grant,
and one-third on each of the first and second anniversaries. Annual option
grants vest 25% after each three-month period following grant.
Options under the Directors' Plan are exercisable for a period of ten years
from the date of grant. Options may not be exercised after the option
holder ceases to be a director of the Company, except that in the event of
death or disability of the option holder, the option may be exercised for a
period of one year after the date of death or disability, and, in the event
of retirement of the option holder, the option may be exercised for a
period of three months after the date of retirement.
At December 31, 1996, there were 403,561 additional shares available for
grant under the 1994 Plan. The per share weighted-average fair value of
stock options granted during 1996 and 1995 was $ 2.65 and $ 2.22 on the
dates of grant using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the
following weighted-average assumptions:
1996 1995
---- ----
Expected Life (Years) 10 10
Interest Rate 6.4% 5.6%
Volatility 124% 135%
Dividend Yield 0% 0%
The Company applies APB Opinion No. 25 in accounting for its Plans and,
accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized for stock options
granted to employees at fair market value in the financial statements.
(Continued)
F-21
<PAGE> 44
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(9), Continued
Had the Company determined compensation cost based on the fair value at the
grant dates for its stock options under SFAS No. 123, the Company's net
loss would have been increased to the pro forma amounts indicated below:
1996 1995
---- ----
Net loss - as reported $ (8,683,815) (6,832,866)
Net loss - pro forma $(10,025,517) (7,102,627)
Net loss to common stockholders - as reported $ (9,554,394) (6,873,466)
Net loss to common shareholders - pro forma $(10,896,096) (7,143,227)
Loss per common share - as reported $(.64) (.50)
Loss per common share - pro forma $(.73) (.52)
Pro forma net loss reflects only options granted in 1996 and 1995.
Therefore, the full impact of calculating compensation cost for stock
options under SFAS No. 123 is not reflected in the pro forma net loss
amounts presented above because compensation cost is reflected over the
options' vesting periods and compensation cost for options granted prior to
January 1, 1995 is not considered.
Summary of Option Activity
A summary of option activity through December 31, 1996 follows:
Class A and B shares Weighted average
subject to option exercise price
----------------- --------------
Balance at January 1, 1991 -- $ --
Options granted 30,000 1.67
---------
Balance at December 31, 1991 30,000 1.67
Options granted 816,750 1.18
---------
Balance at December 31, 1992 846,750 1.20
Options granted 949,186 3.10
---------
Balance at December 31, 1993 1,795,936 2.20
Options granted 310,200 3.05
Options cancelled (108,500) 3.38
---------
Balance at December 31, 1994 1,997,636 2.27
Options granted 777,850 2.22
Options cancelled (349,205) 2.11
Options exercised (681,700) .64
---------
Balance at December 31, 1995 1,744,581 2.92
Options granted 1,342,075 2.65
Options cancelled (503,879) 3.20
Options exercised (214,091) 1.97
---------
Balance at December 31, 1996 2,368,686 2.79
=========
At December 31, 1996, options to acquire 1,847,336 and shares 521,350 of
Class A and Class B common stock, respectively, were outstanding with
409,457 and 521,350 shares exercisable, respectively. The outstanding
options are exercisable at prices ranging from $1.06 to $7.06.
(Continued)
F-22
<PAGE> 45
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(9), Continued
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding
at December 31, 1996:
Weighted
Weighted average
average remaining
Range of Number Number exercise contractual
exercise prices outstanding exercisable price life
--------------- ----------- ----------- ----- -----------
$1.06 19,250 0 $ 1.06 9.9 years
1.09 - 1.67 574,580 180,518 1.30 8.4 years
1.97 - 2.31 262,250 12,100 2.16 9.2 years
2.50 - 2.97 242,340 157,112 2.71 7.5 years
3.06 - 3.50 944,486 472,486 3.33 8.2 years
3.81 253,000 84,333 3.81 9.1 years
7.06 72,780 24,258 7.06 8.6 years
Warrants
In 1993 and 1994, the Company issued warrants to acquire a total of 151,600
shares of Class B common stock at $3.50 per share in conjunction with sales
of Class B common stock to individuals and institutions. All warrants are
exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance.
In 1993 and 1994, the Company issued warrants to acquire a total of 376,253
shares of Class B common stock at $3.50 per share in conjunction with the
issuance of its 10% Convertible Notes (see notes 5 and 6) and in 1994, the
Company issued warrants to acquire a total of 46,799 shares of Class B
common stock at $6.00 per share in conjunction with the issuance of its 15%
Notes (see note 5). All warrants are exercisable for a period of five years
from their dates of issuance.
Under the terms of the Company's initial public offering, the underwriter
for nominal consideration acquired warrants to purchase 360,000 Class A
common shares at a price of $6.50 per share. These warrants are exercisable
for four years commencing in September 1995.
As a result of the successful placement of 350 shares of Series B Preferred
Stock, a consultant from Digital Media Group, Inc. was issued warrants by
the Company to purchase 30,000 Class A common shares at a price of $3.09
per share. These warrants are exercisable for ten years commencing in March
1996.
Due to the successful placement of 150,000 shares of the Company's Series C
Convertible Stock, Wharton Capital Partners Ltd. and The Shemano Group,
Inc., two financial consulting firms, were issued warrants by the Company
to purchase 37,500 Class A common shares each at a price of $2.54 per
share. These warrants expire on December 27, 1999.
In connection with the acquisition of WIN, the Company issued a warrant
that allows the holder the ability to purchase unregistered shares of the
Company's Class A common stock at a price of $1.25 per share at the earlier
of the conversion of a note (see note 6) or April 18, 1998 for a period of
five years. The number of shares able to be purchased under this warrant is
based on a formula of $170,000 divided by 80% of the fair market value of
the Class A common stock at the time of conversion.
(Continued)
F-23
<PAGE> 46
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(9), Continued
A summary of warrants outstanding at December 31, 1996, based upon a year
end price of the Class A common stock of $2.31 per share, follows:
Range of
Class A and B shares exercise Expiration
Year of issuance subject to warrants prices Term
---------------- ------------------- ------ ----
1993 249,529 $ 3.50 5 years
1994 685,123 3.50-6.50 4 - 5 years
1996 30,000 3.09 10 years
75,000 2.54 3 years
91,991 1.25 6.5 years
---------
1,131,643
=========
At December 31, 1996, warrants to acquire 556,991 and 574,652 shares of
Class A and Class B common stock, respectively, were outstanding with
964,652 warrants exercisable.
(10) Licensing Agreement
In February 1994, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated License
Agreement (the "Agreement") with Mr. Peter J. Sprague, the Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Mr. John Michener, then a
shareholder and officer of the Company, whereby the Company was granted an
exclusive license to make, have made, use, lease, sell or otherwise perform
services covered by certain licensed patents (the "Licensed Patents") which
are a fundamental part of the Company's product. The Agreement amends and
restates certain license agreements entered into by the Company prior to
February 1994.
The Agreement provides for royalty payments to be made to the licensors in
the aggregate amount of two percent of the total gross revenues derived by
the Company and any sublicensee of the Company from the exploitation of the
Licensed Patents, less any amounts paid, if any to (i) information and
database providers for information distributed to or through the Company or
its sublicensees, and to (ii) the Company's sublicensees for manufacturing
the product or performing the services covered by the Licensed Patents.
Royalty payments are payable quarterly and are to be apportioned 75% to Mr.
Sprague and 25% to Mr. Michener.
Payment of royalties is secured by a security interest in and to the
Licensed Patents. Mr. Sprague assigned all of his right, title, and
interest in the Licensed Patents to the Company.
There can be no assurance that the Company will enjoy exclusive rights to
the Licensed patents under these agreements.
(Continued)
F-24
<PAGE> 47
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(11) License and Cross-License Agreement
On May 1, 1992, the Company entered into a Joint Technology Development
Agreement and License and Cross-License Agreement ("License and
Cross-License Agreement") with The Titan Corporation ("Titan") whereby
Titan granted to the Company license rights to the use of certain patents
which are co-owned or licensed by Titan. The Company granted to Titan the
exclusive right to make for, sell in, and lease in a "Retained Market," as
defined in the agreement, the subject matter described in any Company
patent. The Retained Market is defined generally as the market for
"Government Information," as defined in the agreement, used solely by a
government entity, and the market for products used to access such
information. The Company issued to Titan 674,976 shares of Class B common
stock in return for the license to Titan's patents. These shares were
valued at $1.67 per share (total $1,124,960), the estimated fair value of
the shares at the time of issuance (based on the price at which shares were
sold to third parties near the time of issuance), and were included in
research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statement
of operations for the period from February 12, 1988 through December 31,
1996.
The License and Cross-License Agreement provides for royalties to be paid
by the Company to Titan based upon the Company's "Net Revenues," as defined
in the agreement. Net Revenues are defined generally as gross product
revenues less amounts paid to information providers and data base providers
for information provided to the Company for use in its products and
services. Royalties are payable on a quarterly basis.
The License and Cross-License Agreement also provides for royalties to be
paid to the Company by Titan based upon Titan's "Allocable Net Revenues,"
as defined in the agreement. Allocable Net Revenues are generally defined
as that portion that a Company patent or information adds to Titan's gross
amounts invoiced to purchasers for all products or information services
making use of a Company patent or know-how and information. Royalties are
payable on a quarterly basis.
The License and Cross-License Agreement specifies certain events of
termination, some of which have already occurred but which have been waived
or extended by Titan.
A director of the Company is also the President, Chief Executive Officer,
and a director of Titan. Pursuant to the terms of a related stockholder's
agreement, Titan has the right to designate a member of the Company's Board
of Directors for as long as Titan continues to own at least 50% of the
shares originally issued to Titan. As of December 31, 1996, no royalties
have been earned by Titan. On February 28, 1997, the Company and Titan
executed an addendum to the License Agreement whereby the Company received
a sole license to Titan's patent to develop and distribute products to the
in-home consumer microcomputers market segment. Under this addendum, Titan
waived all defaults previously incurred by Wave as well as extended the
license agreement to expire at the time the patents expire.
(Continued)
F-25
<PAGE> 48
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(12) Revenue Sharing Agreements With Partners
The Company intends to enter into revenue sharing arrangements with
information providers, software developers, and hardware and systems
manufacturers. These revenue sharing arrangements will be negotiated
between each of the partners and the Company. It is anticipated that
revenue sharing arrangements will vary according to the market in which the
Wave system is adopted and from which revenues are derived. Generally, a
significant portion of the revenue collected by the Company will be paid
directly to the information provider or software developer. Once these
payments are made the remainder of revenues will be shared between the
Company and other partners. There can be no assurance that the Company will
be successful in entering into definitive agreements with these parties, or
that the terms of such agreements will be favorable to the Company.
(13) Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
In 1994, the Company brought suit against a former employee and his current
employer ("Competitor") and an underwriter (collectively the "Defendants")
in State Supreme Court New York County. The Company alleges that, among
other things, the Defendants stole confidential information and trade
secrets. In February 1996, the State Supreme Court denied the Defendants'
motion to dismiss this suit. In March 1996, the Defendants filed counter
claims in the amount of $20 million alleging that, among other things, the
Company has conducted a predatory campaign of tortuous interference against
the Competitor's business and financial relationships, trademarks and
employees. In September 1996, the Company moved for permission to
discontinue with prejudice and without costs to dismiss several of the
Defendant's counterclaims. That motion is currently under consideration by
the Supreme Court. The case is in a very preliminary stage, but management
of the Company believes that the counter claim is without merit and that
the litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated
financial position or results of operations of the Company.
The Company is party to other legal proceedings generally incidental to its
business. Management believes that the outcome of such litigation will not
have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or
results of operations of the Company.
Leases
In December 1994, the Company entered into an operating lease beginning
March 1995 for its offices in New York, New York, which expires on February
28, 1998. The lease provides for minimum annual rent of $200,000 per annum
plus applicable escalations. The Company also leases premises in Princeton,
New Jersey; San Jose, California; and Lee, Massachusetts, under operating
leases, which expire on various dates through January 14, 2001.
(Continued)
F-26
<PAGE> 49
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(13), Continued
Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases as of
December 31, 1996 are as follows:
Year ending December 31 Operating Lease
----------------------- ---------------
1997 $383,038
1998 163,382
1999 64,632
2000 64,632
2001 5,386
--------
$681,070
========
Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995, 1994 and for the
period from inception through December 31, 1996 amounted to $340,584,
$261,509, $141,744 and $1,079,371, respectively.
(14) Income Taxes
The Company has net operating loss carryforwards for tax return purposes of
approximately $27,509,000 which expire as follows:
Year ending December 31 Amount
----------------------- ------
2003 $ 310,000
2004 565,000
2005 1,045,000
2006 325,000
2007 1,235,000
2008 3,725,000
2009 4,500,000
2010 6,332,000
2011 9,472,000
-----------
$27,509,000
Included in the above net operating loss carryforwards are approximately
$1,400,000 that represents WIN's net operating losses acquired by the
Company. Subsequent utilization of these net operating losses, if any,
would reduce the goodwill acquired as a result of the WIN purchase.
Pursuant to the Tax Reform Act of 1986, annual utilization of the Company's
net operating loss carryforwards may be limited if a cumulative change in
ownership of more than 50% occurs within a three-year period. The Company
has not determined whether there has been such a cumulative change in
ownership.
(Continued)
F-27
<PAGE> 50
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(14), Continued
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax
asset at December 31, 1996 and 1995 are as follows:
1996 1995
---- ----
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards $ 11,554,000 7,579,500
Note from affiliate -- 280,500
License rights acquired in the License
and Cross-License Agreement 45,000 140,000
------------ ----------
Total gross deferred tax assets 11,599,000 8,000,000
Less valuation allowance (11,599,000) (8,000,000)
------------ ----------
Net deferred tax asset $ -- --
============ ==========
The valuation allowance increased by $3,599,000 and $2,865,000, during the
years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
(15) Initial Public Offering
In September 1994, the Company successfully completed the sale of 3,600,000
shares of its Class A common stock at $5.00 per share in an initial public
offering. It subsequently sold an additional 128,000 of such shares under
the terms of the underwriter's overallotment provision. The Company
realized approximately $15,710,000 after all applicable expenses were paid.
(16) Defined Contribution Plan
The Company adopted the Wave Systems Corp. 401(k) Savings and Investment
Plan, a defined contribution plan, on January 1, 1995 to which
substantially all employees can contribute. Employees of the Company become
eligible immediately on employment. The Company has the option to make
discretionary matching contributions; no contributions were made in 1996 or
1995.
(17) Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest was $ 0, $1,541, $165,354 and $ 180,520 for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1995, and 1994, and for the period from
inception through December 31, 1996, respectively.
Cash paid for income taxes was $0, $20,399, $754 and $24,688 for the years
ended December 31, 1996, 1995, and 1994, and for the period from inception
through December 31, 1996, respectively.
(Continued)
F-28
<PAGE> 51
WAVE SYSTEMS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage corporation)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(17), Continued
Accrued dividends on preferred stock amounted to $199,014, $40,600, $39,484
and $323,948 for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 and for
the period from inception through December 31, 1996, respectively.
In 1996, holders of the Company's Series B Preferred Stock with a carrying
amount of $3,108,524 elected to convert such preferred stock into 2,960,303
shares of Class A common stock.
In 1996, Wharton Capital Partners Ltd. and The Shemano Group, Inc., two
financial consulting firms, were issued warrants by the Company to
purchase 37,500 Class A common shares each at a price of $2.54 per share
and a consultant from Digital Media Group, Inc. was issued warrants to
purchase 30,000 Class A common shares at a price of $3.09 per share.
In 1996 and 1995, the Company entered into certain transactions with regard
to an acquisition and certain dispositions (see note 3).
In 1996, the Company issued 24,000 shares of Class A common stock valued at
$82,512 to settle a liability previously recorded in accounts payable.
In 1994, holders of the Company's 10% Convertible Notes with a carrying
amount of $2,085,126 elected to convert such notes into 599,507 shares of
Class B common stock.
(18) Disclosures about the Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities, Accounts Receivable,
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses, and Note Payable
Marketable securities are recorded at amortized cost adjusted for
amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts, and the carrying value
approximates fair value. The carrying amounts of the other instruments,
other than the note, approximate fair value because of their short
maturities. The note payable approximates its estimated fair value based on
the timing of its issue.
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on
relevant market information and information about the financial instrument.
These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and
matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with
precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
F-29
<PAGE> 52
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT NO. INDEX TO EXHIBITS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<C> <S>
3.1 -- Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporat
ed by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1, File No. 33-75286)
3.2 -- Bylaws of Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2
of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File
No. 33-75286)
4.1 -- Form of Stock Certificate of Class A Common Stock (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1, File No. 33-75286)
4.2 -- Form of Representative's Warrant Agreement, including the form
of Representative's Warrant (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1, File No. 33-75286)
4.3 -- Certificate of Designation of Series B Preferred Stock of Wave
Systems Corp. as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on
May 24, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the
Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 30, 1996,
File No. 0-24752)
4.4 -- Certificate of Designation of Series C Convertible Preferred
Stock of Wave Systems Corp. as filed with the Delaware
Secretary of State on December 27, 1996 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on January 8, 1997, File No. 0-24752)
+10.1 -- Joint Technology Development Agreement, dated as of May 1,
1992, between The Titan Corporation and Cryptologics
International, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2
of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File
No. 33-75286)
+10.2 -- License and Cross-License Agreement, dated as of May 1, 1992,
between The Titan Corporation and Cryptologics International,
Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File
No. 33-75286)
10.3 -- Amendment to License and Cross-License Agreement, dated as of
August 27, 1993, between The Titan Corporation and Wave Systems
Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File
No. 33-75286)
10.4 -- Amended and Restated License Agreement, dated February 14,
1994, by and among Wave Systems Corp., Peter J. Sprague and
John R. Michener (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of
the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File
No. 33-75286)
+10.5 -- Wave Systems Corp. 1994 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1, File No. 33-75286)
+10.6 -- Wave Systems Corp. Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 33-75286)
10.7 -- Regulation S Securities Subscription Agreement, dated as of
May 29, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the
Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 30, 1996,
File No. 0-24752)
10.8 -- Purchase Agreement between Wave Systems Corp. and JNC
Opportunity Fund Ltd., dated as of December 27, 1996
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 1997, File No.
0-24752)
10.9 -- Registration Rights Agreement between Wave Systems Corp. and
JNC Opportunity Fund Ltd., dated as of December 27, 1996
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 1997, File
No. 0-24752)
10.10 -- Addendum to License and Cross-License Agreement, dated
February 28, 1997, between The Titan Corporation and Wave
Systems Corp.
23.1 -- Consent of Independent Auditors -- KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
</TABLE>
- ---------------
+ Confidential treatment has been granted as to portions of this exhibit.
+ Management contract or compensatory plan.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 10.10
ADDENDUM TO LICENSE AND CROSS-LICENSE AGREEMENT
This Addendum, dated February 28, 1997, modifies the License and Cross
License Agreement ("License Agreement") dated May 1, 1992 between The Titan
Corporation ("Titan"), a Delaware corporation, and Cryptologics International,
Inc., a Delaware corporation now known as Wave Systems Corp. ("Wave"), as
amended by an Amendment dated August 27, 1993, a waiver letter dated February 7,
1994, a Consent dated October 12, 1994, a letter amendment dated March 20, 1996
and a waiver letter dated January 3, 1997. The License Agreement is the Exhibit
A to a Joint Technology Development Agreement between the same parties and with
the same date. The parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Definitions. In addition to the definitions in this Addendum, the
definitions in the License Agreement shall apply to this Addendum.
2. Modifications of License Grant. Section 2.1 of the License
Agreement is hereby amended to delete the word "exclusive."
3. Modification of Rights. Section 2.1 of the License Agreement is
hereby amended to add the following at the end of that Section:
The grant of rights to CII (Wave) for the consumer microcomputer
market portion of the Licensed Market shall be exclusive except for
Titan (and its subsidiaries and affiliates), which may not grant further
licenses or sublicenses. The grant of rights for all other portions of
the Licensed Market shall be non-exclusive.
4. Waiver of Defaults. Titan hereby waives any and all defaults by
Wave under the License Agreement prior to the date of this Addendum,
including without limitation any failures by Wave to comply with the
performance or payment provisions of Section 13.2 of the License Agreement.
5. Modification of Requirements: Termination. In consideration of
Wave agreeing to reduce the scope of its exclusive rights under the License
Agreement, Section 13.2 of the License Agreement is deleted in its entirety
and replaced with the following:
13.2 This Agreement shall automatically expire when all of the
patents listed in Exhibit A to the License Agreement have expired. Upon
such expiration, the provisions of Section 13.3 shall not apply.
6. Miscellaneous. In the event of any conflict between the terms of
this Addendum and the terms of the License Agreement, as previously
amended, the terms of this Addendum shall prevail. Except as modified by
the Addendum, the License Agreement, as previously amended, shall continue
in full force and effect. This Addendum may be executed in multiple
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Addendum to be executed.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
THE TITAN CORPORATION WAVE SYSTEMS CORP.
/s/ GENE W. RAY /s/ STEVEN SPRAGUE
Authorized Officer Authorized Officer
GENE W. RAY STEVEN SPRAGUE PRESIDENT
Print Name and Title Print Name and Title
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Auditors
The Board of Directors
Wave Systems Corp.:
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements
Nos. 33-97612, 333-11611 and 333-11609 on Form S-8, of our report dated
March 14, 1997, relating to the consolidated balance sheets of
Wave Systems Corp. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1995,
and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity
(deficiency), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period
ended December 31, 1996 and for the period from February 12, 1988 (inception)
through December 31, 1996 which report appears in the December 31, 1996 annual
report on Form 10-K of Wave Systems Corp.
Our report dated March 14, 1997 contains an explanatory paragraph that states
that the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations since inception
that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.
The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might
result from the outcome of that uncertainty.
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
New York, New York
March 20, 1997
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1996
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1996
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1996
<CASH> 4,064,324
<SECURITIES> 0
<RECEIVABLES> 0
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3,275,596
0
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</TABLE>
